1
資治通鑑第105卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 105
2
卷第一百五
Volume One Hundred and Five
3
【晉紀二十七】起昭陽協洽，盡閼逢涒灘，凡二年。
[Jin Records 27] From the year Zhaoyang Xiehe through Efeng Tuntan, spanning two years in all.
4
烈宗孝武皇帝上之下太元八年（ 癸未，公元三八三年）
Lie Zong, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin, Part One, Lower Section, Eighth Year of the Taiyuan reign ( the year Guiwei, equivalent to A.D. 383)
5
春，正月，秦呂光發長安，以鄯善王休密馱、車師前部王彌窴為鄉導。
In spring, during the first month, Lü Guang of Former Qin marched out from Chang'an, with the Shanshan king Xiumituo and Mizhi, king of the Front Division of Cheshi, serving as his guides.
6
三月，丁巳，大赦。
In the third month, on the day Dingsi, the court proclaimed a general amnesty.
7
夏，五月，桓沖帥眾十萬伐秦，攻襄陽； 遣前將軍劉波等攻沔北諸城； 輔國將軍楊亮攻蜀，拔五城，進攻涪城； 鷹揚將軍郭銓攻武當。 六月，沖別將攻萬歲、築陽，拔之。 秦王堅遣征南將軍巨鹿公睿、冠軍將軍慕容垂等帥步騎五萬救襄陽，兗州刺史張崇救武當，後將軍張蚝、步兵校尉姚萇救涪城； 睿軍於新野，垂軍於鄧城。 桓沖退屯沔南。 秋，七月，郭銓及冠軍將軍桓石虔敗張崇於武當，掠二千戶以歸。 巨鹿公睿遣慕容垂為前鋒，進臨沔水。 垂夜命軍士人持十炬，繫於樹枝，光照數十里。 沖懼，退還上明。 張蚝出斜谷，楊亮引兵還。 沖表其兄子石民領襄城太守，戍夏口，沖自求領江州刺史； 詔許之。
In summer, during the fifth month, Huan Chong led one hundred thousand men in a campaign against Qin and laid siege to Xiangyang; he dispatched Forward General Liu Bo and others to strike the cities north of the Mian; Auxiliary State General Yang Liang invaded Shu, took five cities, and pressed on against Fucheng; Soaring Hawk General Guo Quan attacked Wudang. In the sixth month, one of Chong's detached commanders attacked Wansui and Zhuyang and took both. King Fu Jian of Qin sent Campaign-South General the Duke of Julu, Fu Rui, Champion General Murong Chui, and others at the head of fifty thousand foot and horse to relieve Xiangyang; Yanzhou inspector Zhang Chong went to the aid of Wudang; rear general Zhang Hao and foot-soldier commandant Yao Chang marched to relieve Fucheng; Rui encamped at Xinye while Chui took position at Dengcheng. Huan Chong pulled back and encamped south of the Mian River. In autumn, during the seventh month, Guo Quan and Champion General Huan Shiqian defeated Zhang Chong at Wudang and drove off two thousand households on their way back. The Duke of Julu, Fu Rui, sent Murong Chui forward as vanguard to the banks of the Mian. That night Chui had every soldier take ten torches and tie them to the branches of trees, and the glare stretched for dozens of li. Chong took fright and fell back to Shangming. Zhang Hao marched out through Xiegu, and Yang Liang withdrew his army. Chong submitted a memorial asking that his elder brother's son Shimin be appointed administrator of Xiangcheng to garrison Xiakou, while he himself sought appointment as inspector of Jiangzhou; The throne approved his request.
8
秦王堅下詔大舉入寇，民每十丁遣一兵； 其良家子年二十已下，有材勇者，皆拜羽林郎。 又曰：「其以司馬昌明為尚書左僕射，謝安為吏部尚書，桓沖為侍中； 勢還不遠，可先為起第。」 良家子至者三萬餘騎，拜秦州主簿，金城趙盛之為少年都統。 是時，朝臣皆不欲堅行，獨慕容垂、姚萇及良家子勸之。 陽平公融言於堅曰：「鮮卑、羌虜，我之仇讎，常思風塵之變以逞其志，所陳策畫，何可從也！ 良家少年皆富饒子弟，不閒軍旅，苟為諂諛之言以會陛下之意耳。 今陛下信而用之，輕舉大事，臣恐功既不成，仍有後患，悔無及也！」 堅不聽。
King Fu Jian of Qin issued an edict ordering a massive invasion, conscripting one soldier from every ten male subjects; and every able-bodied youth under twenty from a respectable family was commissioned as a Feathered Forest gentleman. The edict also read: "Let Sima Changming be appointed left vice director of the Masters of Writing, Xie An minister of the Ministry of Personnel, and Huan Chong palace attendant; they will not be long in returning—you may begin building mansions for them in advance." More than thirty thousand mounted youths from good families arrived; Zhao Shengzhi of Jincheng was appointed chief clerk of Qinzhou and commander-in-chief of the young recruits. At this time the court ministers were united in opposing the campaign; only Murong Chui, Yao Chang, and the young recruits from good families urged Fu Jian on. The Duke of Yangping, Fu Rong, said to Fu Jian: "The Xianbei and Qiang are our mortal foes; they are always watching for turmoil in which to realize their ambitions. How can we heed the plans they propose! These youths from good families are all sons of wealthy houses with no experience of war; they offer nothing but flattery tailored to Your Majesty's wishes. Now that Your Majesty trusts and follows them in lightly undertaking this great campaign, I fear that even if it fails, worse troubles will follow—and then regret will come too late!" Fu Jian would not heed him.
9
八月，戊午，堅遣陽平公融督張蚝、慕容垂等步騎二十五萬為前鋒； 以兗州刺史姚萇為龍驤將軍，督益、梁州諸軍事。 堅謂萇曰：「昔朕以龍驤建業，未嘗輕以授人，卿其勉之！」 左將軍竇沖曰：「王者無戲言，此不祥之征也！」 堅默然。
In the eighth month, on the day Wuwu, Fu Jian dispatched the Duke of Yangping, Fu Rong, to command Zhang Hao, Murong Chui, and others at the head of two hundred fifty thousand foot and horse as the vanguard; and he appointed Yanzhou inspector Yao Chang Dragon-Soaring General with overall command of military affairs in Yi and Liang. Fu Jian told Chang: "Long ago I founded my realm as Dragon-Soaring General and have never lightly bestowed that title on anyone. You must prove yourself worthy of it!" Left General Dou Chong said: "A king does not speak in jest—this is an ill omen!" Fu Jian said nothing.
10
慕容楷、慕容紹言於慕容垂曰：「主上驕矜已甚，叔父建中興之業，在此行也！」 垂曰：「然。 非汝，誰與成之！」
Murong Kai and Murong Shao said to Murong Chui: "Our lord has grown unbearably arrogant. Uncle, the work of restoring our house rests on this campaign!" Chui said: "Indeed. Without you, who else could bring it about!"
11
甲子，堅發長安，戎卒六十餘萬，騎二十七萬，旗鼓相望，前後千里。 九月，堅至項城，涼州之兵始達咸陽，蜀、漢之兵方順流而下，幽、冀之兵至於彭城，東西萬里，水陸齊進，運漕萬艘。 陽平公融等兵三十萬，先至穎口。
On the day Jiazi, Fu Jian marched out from Chang'an at the head of more than six hundred thousand foot soldiers and two hundred seventy thousand horsemen, with banners and drums stretching in an unbroken line for a thousand li. In the ninth month Fu Jian reached Xiangcheng while Liangzhou troops were only just arriving at Xianyang, Shu and Han forces were still coming downstream, and You and Ji troops had reached Pengcheng—armies spread ten thousand li east and west, advancing together by land and water behind ten thousand grain transports. The Duke of Yangping, Fu Rong, and his three hundred thousand men reached Yingkou ahead of the main body.
12
詔以尚書僕射謝石為征虜將軍、征討大都督，以徐、兗二州刺史謝玄為前鋒都督，與輔國將軍謝琰、西中郎將桓伊等眾共八萬拒之； 使龍驤將軍胡彬以水軍五千援壽陽。 琰，安之子也。
An edict appointed Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Xie Shi general who subdues barbarians and grand commander of the punitive campaign, with Xu and Yanzhou inspector Xie Xuan as vanguard commander; together with Auxiliary State General Xie Yan, Western Central Commander Huan Yi, and others, they fielded eighty thousand men to meet the invasion; Dragon-Soaring General Hu Bin was dispatched with five thousand sailors to reinforce Shouyang. Yan was Xie An's son.
13
是時，秦兵既盛，都下震恐。 謝玄入，問計於謝安，安夷然，答曰：「已別有旨。」 既而寂然。 玄不敢復言，乃令張玄重請。 安遂命駕出遊山墅，親朋畢集，與圍棋賭墅。 安棋常劣於玄，是日，玄懼，便為敵手而又不勝。 安遂游陟，至夜乃還。 桓沖深以根本為憂，遣精銳三千入援京師。 謝安固卻之，曰：「朝廷處分已定，兵甲無闕，西籓宜留以為防。」 沖對佐吏歎曰：「謝安右有廟堂之量，不閒將略。 今大敵垂至，方游談不暇，遣諸不經事少年拒之，眾又寡弱，天下事已可知，吾其左衽矣！」
By then the Qin armies had grown overwhelming, and panic spread through the capital. Xie Xuan came in to ask Xie An for counsel; An remained perfectly calm and answered: "Instructions have already been issued." Then he said no more. Xuan dared not press further and had Zhang Xuan ask again. An then had his carriage brought and went out to his mountain villa, where he gathered kinsmen and friends and played go with them, wagering the villa itself on the outcome. An was usually the weaker player, but that day Xuan, preoccupied with fear, played as his equal and still could not beat him. An then wandered the hills and did not return until nightfall. Huan Chong, deeply worried for the dynasty's survival, sent three thousand elite troops to reinforce the capital. Xie An firmly refused them, saying: "The court has already settled its dispositions, arms are ample, and the western defenses must be held in place." Chong sighed to his staff: "Xie An has the breadth of mind for council chambers, but he knows nothing of military strategy. With a great enemy upon us, he still has leisure for outings and conversation, and sends untried youths to hold them off with a force too small and weak—the fate of the realm is already plain. I shall soon be wearing my coat with the left lapel!"
14
以琅邪王道子錄尚書六條事。
The Prince of Langye, Sima Daozi, was appointed to oversee the six categories of Masters of Writing business.
15
冬，十月，秦陽平公融等攻壽陽； 癸酉，克之，執平虜將軍徐元喜等。 融以其參軍河南郭褒為淮南太守。 慕容垂拔鄖城。 胡彬聞壽陽陷，退保硤石，融進攻之。 秦衛將軍梁成等帥眾五萬屯於洛澗，柵淮以遏東兵。 謝石、謝玄等去洛澗二十五里而軍，憚成，不敢進。 胡彬糧盡，潛遣使告石等曰：「今賊盛，糧盡，恐不復見大軍！」 秦人獲之，送於陽平公融。 融馳使白秦王堅曰：「賊少易擒，但恐逃去，宜速赴之！」 堅乃留大軍於項城，引輕騎八千，兼道就融於壽陽。 遣尚書朱序來說謝石等以「強弱異勢，不如速降。」 序私謂石等曰：「若秦百萬之眾盡至，誠難與為敵。 今乘諸軍未集，宜速擊之； 若敗其前鋒，則彼已奪氣，可遂破也。」 石聞堅在壽陽，甚懼，欲不戰以老秦師。 謝琰勸石從序言。 十一月，謝玄遣廣陵相劉牢之帥精兵五千人趣洛澗，未至十里，梁成阻澗為陳以待之。 牢之直前渡水，擊成，大破之，斬成及弋陽太守王詠，又分兵斷其歸津，秦步騎崩潰，爭赴淮水，士卒死者萬五千人。 執秦揚州刺史王顯等，盡收其器械軍實。 於是謝石等諸軍水陸繼進。 秦王堅與陽平公融登壽陽城望之。 見晉兵部陣嚴整，又望見八公山上草木，皆以為晉兵，顧謂融曰：「此亦勁敵，何謂弱也！」 憮然始有懼色。
In winter, during the tenth month, the Qin Duke of Yangping, Fu Rong, and his forces attacked Shouyang; on the day Guiyou they took the city and captured Pacify-the-Barbarians General Xu Yuanxi and others. Rong appointed his staff officer Guo Bao of Henan administrator of Huainan. Murong Chui took Yancheng. When Hu Bin learned that Shouyang had fallen, he withdrew to hold Xiashi, and Rong pressed the attack. Qin guard general Liang Cheng and others led fifty thousand men to encamp at Luojian, fortifying the Huai to block the eastern armies. Xie Shi, Xie Xuan, and the others encamped twenty-five li from Luojian, afraid of Liang Cheng and unwilling to advance. Hu Bin's supplies ran out; he secretly sent a messenger to Shi and the others saying: "The enemy is overwhelming and our grain is gone—I fear we shall never see the main army again!" The Qin captured the messenger and sent him to the Duke of Yangping, Fu Rong. Rong hurried a message to King Fu Jian: "The enemy are few and easily taken, but they may escape—you should come at once!" Fu Jian left the main army at Xiangcheng and rode hard with eight thousand light cavalry to join Rong at Shouyang. He sent Master of Writing Zhu Xu to tell Xie Shi and the others that "given the disparity in strength, you would do better to surrender at once." Privately Xu told Shi and the others: "If Qin's full force of a million men arrives, you truly cannot stand against them. But while their armies are still gathering, you should strike at once; defeat their vanguard and their spirit will break—then you can rout them completely." When Shi learned that Fu Jian was at Shouyang, he was terrified and wanted to avoid battle and wear the Qin army down. Xie Yan urged Shi to follow Xu's counsel. In the eleventh month, Xie Xuan sent Liu Laozhi, administrator of Guangling, at the head of five thousand elite troops toward Luojian; before they had marched ten li, Liang Cheng barred the stream and drew up in battle order to meet them. Laozhi pressed straight ahead, crossed the water, and smashed Liang Cheng's force, killing Cheng and Yiyang administrator Wang Yong; he also detached troops to cut off their retreat, and the Qin foot and horse collapsed in rout toward the Huai, leaving fifteen thousand dead. They captured Qin Yangzhou inspector Wang Xian and others and seized all their weapons and supplies. Thereupon the armies under Xie Shi and the others pressed forward by land and water. King Fu Jian and the Duke of Yangping, Fu Rong, climbed the walls of Shouyang to watch them. He saw the Jin ranks drawn up in tight order, and when he looked at the grass and trees on Mount Bagong he took every bush for a Jin soldier; turning to Rong he said: "These are formidable enemies too—why did you call them weak!" His face fell, and for the first time he showed fear.
16
秦兵逼肥水而陳，晉兵不得渡。 謝玄遣使謂陽平公融曰：「君懸軍深入，而置陳逼水，此乃持久之計，非欲速戰者也。 若移陳小卻，使晉兵得渡，以決勝負，不亦善乎！」 秦諸將皆曰：「我眾彼寡，不如遏之，使不得上，可以萬全。」 堅曰：「但引兵少卻，使之半渡，我以鐵騎蹙而殺之，蔑不勝矣！」 融亦以為然，遂麾兵使卻。 秦兵遂退，不可復止，謝玄、謝琰、桓伊等引兵渡水擊之。 融馳騎略陳，欲以帥退者，馬倒，為晉兵所殺，秦兵遂潰。 玄等乘勝追擊，至於青岡。 秦兵大敗，自相蹈藉而死者，蔽野塞川。 其走者聞風聲鶴唳，皆以為晉兵且至，晝夜不敢息，草行露宿，重以饑凍，死者什七、八。 初，秦兵小卻，朱序在陳後呼曰：「秦兵敗矣！」 眾遂大奔。 序因與張天錫、徐元喜皆來奔。 獲秦王堅所乘雲母車及儀服器械、軍資珍寶畜產不可勝計，復取壽陽，執其淮南太守郭褒。
The Qin army drew up hard against the Fei River, and the Jin forces could not get across. Xie Xuan sent a messenger to the Duke of Yangping, Fu Rong: "You have marched deep into hostile country and pitched your lines against the river—clearly you mean to fight a war of attrition, not seek a quick decision. Why not pull your lines back a little and let us cross to settle the matter—would that not be better!" All the Qin generals said: "We outnumber them—better to hold them on the far bank; that is the sure course." Fu Jian said: "Simply pull back a little and let them cross halfway—then we will crush them with our iron cavalry. They cannot possibly stand against us!" Rong agreed, and ordered the army to fall back. The Qin troops fell back and could not be halted; Xie Xuan, Xie Yan, Huan Yi, and the others crossed the river and struck. Rong galloped along the lines trying to rally the retreat, but his horse fell and Jin troops killed him; the Qin army broke and fled. Xuan and the others pressed the pursuit to Qinggang. The Qin army was shattered; men trampled one another to death until the fields were covered and the streams choked. The fugitives, hearing wind in the reeds and the cries of cranes, took every sound for advancing Jin troops; day and night they dared not rest, crawling through the grass and sleeping in the open; hunger and cold killed seven or eight out of ten. Earlier, as the Qin ranks fell back, Zhu Xu at the rear of the formation had shouted: "The Qin are beaten!" The army broke and ran. Xu then defected to Jin together with Zhang Tiansi and Xu Yuanxi. They seized Fu Jian's mica-paneled carriage along with regalia, weapons, supplies, treasures, and livestock beyond reckoning; they retook Shouyang and captured Huainan administrator Guo Bao.
17
堅中流矢，單騎走至淮北，饑甚，民有進壺飧、豚髀者，堅食之，賜帛十匹，綿十斤。 辭曰：「陛下厭苦安樂，自取危困。 臣為陛下子，陛下為臣父，安有子飼其父而求報乎？」 弗顧而去。 堅謂張夫人曰：「吾今復何面目治天下乎！」 潸然流涕。
Fu Jian was wounded by a stray arrow and fled alone on horseback to the north bank of the Huai; starving, he accepted a pot of rice and a pig's leg from a farmer, ate, and rewarded the man with ten bolts of silk and ten jin of cotton. He declined: "Your Majesty grew weary of ease and pleasure and brought this crisis on yourself. I am Your Majesty's subject and You are my sovereign—what son feeds his father and then asks for payment?" He left without looking back. Fu Jian said to Lady Zhang: "How can I still face the task of ruling the realm!" Tears streamed down his face.
18
是時，諸軍皆潰，惟慕容垂所將三萬人獨全，堅以千餘騎赴之。 世子寶言於垂曰：「家國傾覆，天命人心皆歸至尊，但時運未至，故晦跡自藏耳。 今秦主兵敗，委身於我，是天借之便以復燕祚，此時不可失也，願不以意氣微恩忘社稷之重！」 垂曰：「汝言是也。 然彼以赤心投命於我，若之何害之！ 天苟棄之，何患不亡？ 不若保護其危以報德，徐俟其釁而圖之！ 既不負宿心，且可以義取天下。」 奮威將軍慕容德曰：「秦強而並燕，秦弱而圖之，此為報仇雪恥，非負宿心也； 兄奈何得而不取，釋數萬之眾以授人乎？」 垂曰：「吾昔為太傅所不容，置身無所，逃死於秦，秦主以國士遇我，恩禮備至。 後復為王猛所賣，無以自明。 秦主獨能明之，此恩何可忘也！ 若氐運必窮，吾當懷集關東，以復先業耳，關西會非吾有也。」 冠軍行參軍趙秋曰：「明公當紹復燕祚，著於圖讖。 今天時已至，尚復何待！ 若殺秦主，據鄴都，鼓行而西，三秦亦非苻氏之有也！」 垂親黨多勸垂殺堅，垂皆不從，悉以兵授堅。 平南將軍慕容□屯鄖城，聞堅敗，棄其眾遁去； 至滎陽，慕容德復說□起兵以復燕祚，□不從。
By then every army had broken; only Murong Chui's thirty thousand men held together, and Fu Jian rode to him with barely a thousand horsemen. Heir Apparent Bao said to Chui: "Our house is ruined and Heaven's mandate is yours—only the hour had not come, and so you kept yourself concealed. Now the Qin ruler is beaten and has thrown himself on our mercy—Heaven gives us this chance to restore Yan. Do not let a private kindness outweigh the fate of the realm!" Chui said: "You are right. Yet he came to us with a loyal heart—how can we harm him! If Heaven has abandoned him, why fear he will not fall? Better to protect him in his distress as repayment, and wait for his misstep before acting! We keep faith with our old resolve and may yet win the realm by righteousness. Striking Power General Murong De said: "Qin swallowed Yan when it was strong; we strike now that it is weak—that is vengeance, not betrayal of an old debt; Brother, why release tens of thousands of men to another when you could take them?" Chui said: "Once the Grand Tutor would not tolerate me and I had nowhere to turn; I fled into Qin, and the Qin ruler treated me as a peer of the realm with every honor. Later Wang Meng betrayed me and I could not clear my name. Only the Qin ruler understood me—how can I forget that debt! If the Di are doomed, I will rally the east of the Passes to restore our house; the west is not mine to take. Champion staff officer Zhao Qiu said: "My lord is fated to restore Yan, as the prophecies record. Heaven's hour has come—why wait any longer! Kill the Qin ruler, seize Ye, and march west with drums beating—the Three Qins will no longer be Fu's!" Many of Chui's kin urged him to kill Fu Jian; he refused and handed all his troops back to Fu Jian. Pacify-the-South General Murong Wei held Yancheng; when he heard of Fu Jian's defeat he abandoned his army and fled; at Xingyang Murong De again urged Wei to raise troops to restore Yan, but Wei refused."
19
謝安得驛書，知秦兵已敗，時方與客圍棋，攝書置床上，了無喜色，圍棋如故。 客問之，徐答曰：「小兒輩遂已破賊。」 既罷，還內，過戶限，不覺屐齒之折。
When Xie An received the dispatch reporting Qin's defeat, he was playing go with guests; he set the letter on the bed without the slightest change of expression and went on with the game. When a guest asked, he answered calmly: "The boys have already beaten the enemy." When the game ended and he went inside, crossing the threshold he did not notice that the pegs of his clogs had snapped.
20
丁亥，謝石等歸建康，得秦樂工，能習舊聲，於是宗廟始備金石之樂。 乙未，以張天錫為散騎常侍，朱序為琅邪內史。
On the day Dinghai, Xie Shi and others returned to Jiankang with Qin musicians who knew the old court music, and the ancestral temples at last had full bell and stone ensembles. On the day Yiwei, Zhang Tiansi was appointed attendant cavalier-in-ordinary and Zhu Xu administrator of Langye.
21
秦王堅收集離散，比至洛陽，眾十餘萬，百官、儀物，軍容粗備。
King Fu Jian gathered the scattered remnants of his army; by the time he reached Luoyang he had more than one hundred thousand men, and officials, regalia, and military order were roughly restored.
22
慕容農謂慕容垂曰：「尊不迫人於險，其義聲足以感動天地。 農聞秘記曰：『燕復興當在河陽。』 夫取果於未熟與自落，不過晚旬日之間，然其難易美惡，相去遠矣！」 垂心善其言，行至澠池，言於堅曰：「北鄙之民，聞王師不利，輕相扇動，臣請奉詔書以鎮慰安集之，因過謁陵廟。」 堅許之。 權翼諫曰：「國兵新破，四方皆有離心，宜徵集名將，置之京師，以固根本，鎮枝葉。 垂勇略過人，世豪東夏，頃以避禍而來，其心豈止欲作冠軍而已哉！ 譬如養鷹，饑則附人，每聞風飆之起，常有陵霄之志，正宜謹其絛籠，豈可解縱，任其所欲哉！」 堅曰：「卿言是也。 然朕已許之，匹夫猶不食言，況萬乘乎？」 若天命有廢興，固非智力所能移也。」 翼曰：「陛下重小信而輕社稷，臣見其往而不返，關東之亂，自此始矣。」 堅不聽，遣將軍李蠻、閔亮、尹國帥眾三千送垂。 又遣驍騎將軍石越帥精卒三千戍鄴，驃騎將軍張蚝帥羽林五千戍并州，鎮軍將軍毛當帥眾四千戌洛陽。 權翼密遣壯士邀垂於河橋南空倉中，垂疑之，自涼馬台結草筏以渡，使典軍程同衣己衣，乘己馬，與僮僕趣河橋。 伏兵發，同馳馬獲免。
Murong Nong said to Murong Chui: "You did not press a man in peril—such righteousness can move Heaven and Earth. I have read in secret records: 'Yan will be restored at Heyang.' To pluck fruit before it ripens or wait until it falls differs by barely ten days, yet the ease and the outcome are worlds apart!" Chui took his counsel to heart; at Mianchi he told Fu Jian: "The northern peoples, hearing of the army's defeat, are stirring unrest. Let me carry your edict to pacify them and, on the way, pay respects at the tombs." Fu Jian agreed. Quan Yi remonstrated: "The army is freshly beaten and the realm is restless; you should summon famous generals to the capital to secure the root and steady the branches. Chui's courage and strategy surpass all men; he is the great magnate of the east; he came only to escape disaster—does his heart stop at being champion general! It is like raising a hawk: hungry it clings to you, but at every rising wind it longs to soar—you must keep its jesses tight, not loose it to do as it pleases!" Fu Jian said: "You are right. Yet I have already given my word; even a common man keeps his promise—how much more a Son of Heaven!" If Heaven's mandate is to rise or fall, wit cannot shift it." Yi said: "Your Majesty values a small promise over the realm—I see him leave and never return; the chaos of the east of the Passes begins here." Fu Jian refused and sent Generals Li Man, Min Liang, and Yin Guo with three thousand men to escort Chui. He also sent Valiant Cavalry General Shi Yue with three thousand elite troops to garrison Ye, Flying Cavalry General Zhang Hao with five thousand Feathered Forest guards to garrison Bingzhou, and Pacification Army General Mao Dang with four thousand men to garrison Luoyang. Quan Yi secretly sent men to ambush Chui in the empty granary south of Heqiao; Chui grew suspicious, rafted across at Liangmatai, and had Cheng Tong wear his clothes and ride his horse toward the bridge with servants. The ambush sprang; Tong galloped through and escaped.
23
十二月，秦王堅至長安，哭陽平公融而後入，謚曰哀公。 大赦，復死事者家。
In the twelfth month King Fu Jian reached Chang'an, mourned the Duke of Yangping Fu Rong, and then entered the city, posthumously titling him Duke Ai. A general amnesty was proclaimed and the families of the war dead were restored.
24
庚午，大赦。 以謝石為尚書令。 進謝玄號前將軍，固讓不受。
On the day Gengwu a general amnesty was proclaimed. Xie Shi was appointed director of the Masters of Writing. Xie Xuan was offered the title Forward General but firmly declined.
25
謝安婿王國寶，坦之之子也； 安惡其為人，每抑而不用，以為尚書郎。 國寶自以望族，故事唯作吏部，不為餘曹，固辭不拜，由是怨安。 國寶從妹為會稽王道子妃，帝與道子皆嗜酒，狎暱邪諂，國寶乃譖安於道子，使離間之於帝。 安功名既盛，而險詖求進之徒，多毀短安，帝由是稍疏忌之。
Wang Guobao, Xie An's son-in-law, was Tan Zhi's son; An disliked his character and always held him back, appointing him only a gentleman of the Masters of Writing. Guobao, counting himself of an eminent clan, held that by precedent one served only in the Ministry of Personnel; he refused other posts and came to resent An. Guobao's cousin was consort to the Prince of Kuaiji, Sima Daozi; emperor and prince both loved wine and kept company with flatterers; Guobao slandered An to Daozi and set him to alienate the emperor. An's fame was already towering, and crafty men seeking advancement spoke ill of him; the emperor gradually grew distant and wary.
26
初開酒禁，增民稅米，口五石。
Wine was banned for the first time and the grain tax was raised to five piculs per person.
27
秦呂光行越流沙三百餘里，焉耆等諸國皆降。 惟龜茲王帛純拒之，嬰城固守，光進軍攻之。
Lü Guang of Qin marched more than three hundred li across the drifting sands; Yanqi and the other states all submitted. Only King Bochun of Kucha resisted, shutting the gates while Guang besieged the city.
28
秦王堅之入寇也，以乞伏國仁為前將軍，領先鋒騎。 會國仁叔父步頹反於隴西，堅遣國仁還討之。 步頹聞之，大喜，迎國仁於路。 國仁置酒，大言曰：「苻氏疲民逞兵，殆將亡矣，吾當與諸君共建一方之業。」 及堅敗，國仁遂迫脅諸部，有不從者，擊而並之，眾至十餘萬。
When King Fu Jian invaded, he made Qifu Guoren forward general commanding the vanguard cavalry. When Guoren's uncle Bufei rebelled in Longxi, Fu Jian sent Guoren to suppress him. Bufei was delighted and met Guoren on the road. Guoren set out wine and declared boldly: "The Fu clan exhaust the people with war—they are nearly finished; I shall build a realm here with you all." When Fu Jian was defeated, Guoren coerced the tribes, absorbing by force any who refused, until his following reached more than one hundred thousand.
29
慕容垂至安陽，遣參軍田山修箋於長樂公丕。 丕聞垂北來，疑其欲為亂，然猶身自迎之。 趙秋勸垂於座取丕，因據鄴起兵，垂不從。 丕謀襲擊垂，侍郎天水姜讓諫曰：「垂反形未著，而明公擅殺之，非臣子之義； 不如待以上賓之禮，嚴兵衛之，密表情狀，聽敕而後圖之。」 丕從之，館垂於鄴西。
Murong Chui reached Anyang and sent staff officer Tian Shan with a letter to the Duke of Changle, Fu Pi. Pi heard Chui was coming north and suspected revolt, yet went out in person to meet him. Zhao Qiu urged Chui to seize Pi at the meeting and raise troops at Ye; Chui refused. Pi plotted to attack Chui; Gentleman of the Palace Jiang Rang of Tianshui said: "Chui's treason is not yet plain, yet you would kill him on your own authority—that is not a subject's duty; better to treat him as an honored guest, guard him closely, report his conduct, and act only on imperial command." Pi agreed and lodged Chui west of Ye.
30
垂潛與燕之故臣謀復燕祚，會丁零翟斌起兵叛秦，謀攻豫州牧平原公暉於洛陽，秦王堅驛書使垂將兵討之。 石越言於丕曰：「王師新敗，民心未安，負罪亡匿之徒，思亂者眾，故丁零一唱，旬日之中，眾已數千，此其驗也。 慕容垂，燕之宿望，有興復舊業之心。 今復資之以兵，此為虎傅翼也。」 丕曰：「垂在鄴如藉虎寢蛟，常恐為肘腋之變。 今遠之於外，不猶愈乎！ 且翟斌凶悖，必不肯為垂下，使兩虎相斃，吾從而制之，此卞莊子之術也。」 乃以羸兵二千及鎧仗之弊者給垂，又遣廣武將軍苻飛龍帥氐騎一千為垂之副，密戒飛龍曰：「垂為三軍之帥，卿為謀垂之將，行矣，勉之！」
Chui secretly plotted with former Yan ministers to restore the house; when Zhai Bin of the Dingling rebelled and moved against Fu Hui at Luoyang, Fu Jian ordered Chui to lead troops against him. Shi Yue told Pi: "The royal army is freshly beaten and the people are unsettled; fugitives and malcontents are everywhere—Zhai Bin's call drew thousands in ten days; that is the proof. Murong Chui is Yan's old pillar and burns to restore the realm. To arm him again is to give wings to a tiger." Pi said: "Chui at Ye is like a tiger in our bed—we fear him at our elbow. To send him far away—is that not better! Zhai Bin is fierce and will not serve under Chui; let two tigers fight and we control the aftermath—Bian Zhuangzi's stratagem." He gave Chui two thousand weak troops and worn gear, and sent Valiant Martial General Fu Feilong with one thousand Di horse as deputy, secretly telling Feilong: "Chui commands the army; you are to plot against him—go, and do your utmost!"
31
垂請入鄴城拜廟，丕弗許，乃潛服而入； 亭吏禁之，垂怒，斬吏燒亭而去。 石越言於丕曰：「垂敢輕侮方鎮，殺吏燒亭，反形已露，可因此除之。」 丕曰：「淮南之敗，垂侍衛乘輿，此功不可忘也。」 越曰：「垂尚不忠於燕，安能盡忠於我？ 失今不取，必為後患。」 丕不從。 越退，告人曰：「公父子好為小仁，不顧大計，終當為人擒耳。」
Chui asked to enter Ye to worship at the temple; Pi refused, so Chui entered in disguise; a post-house clerk barred him; Chui in anger killed the clerk, burned the post, and left. Shi Yue told Pi: "The royal army is freshly beaten and the people are unsettled; fugitives and malcontents are everywhere—Zhai Bin's call drew thousands in ten days; that is the proof." Pi said: "At Huainan he guarded the imperial carriage—that debt cannot be forgotten." Yue said: "If he was not loyal to Yan, how can he be loyal to us! Miss this chance and he will be a lasting trouble." Pi refused. Yue withdrew and said: "Father and son favor small kindness over the great plan—they will end captured by others."
32
垂留慕容農、慕容楷、慕容紹於鄴，行至安陽之湯池，閔亮、李毘自鄴來，以丕與苻飛龍所謀告垂。 垂因激怒其眾曰：「吾盡忠於苻氏，而彼專欲圖吾父子，吾雖欲已，得乎！ 乃託言兵少，停河內募兵，旬日間，有眾八千。
Chui left Murong Nong, Murong Kai, and Murong Shao at Ye; at Anyang's hot springs Min Liang and Li Pi came from Ye and revealed Pi's plot with Fu Feilong. Chui roused his troops: "I served the Fu clan faithfully, yet they plot against me and my sons—I cannot hold back! He claimed his force was small, halted at Henei to levy troops, and within ten days had eight thousand men.
33
平原公暉遣使讓垂，趣使進兵。 垂謂飛龍曰：「今寇賊不遠，當晝止夜行，襲其不意。」 飛龍以為然。 壬午，夜，垂遣世子寶將兵居前，少子隆勒兵從己，令氐兵五人為伍； 陰與寶約，聞鼓聲，前後合擊氐兵及飛龍，盡殺之，參佐家在西者皆遣還，並以書遺秦王堅，言所以殺飛龍之故。
Fu Hui sent a messenger to reproach Chui and urge him forward. Chui told Feilong: "The enemy is near—we should march by night and strike unawares." Feilong agreed. On the night of Renwu, Chui sent Heir Apparent Bao ahead, his son Long following, with Di troops in groups of five; secretly agreeing with Bao that at the drum they would strike the Di and Feilong from front and rear, killing them all; western staff were sent home, and a letter was sent to Fu Jian explaining why Feilong was killed.
34
初，垂從堅入鄴，以其子麟屢嘗告變於燕，立殺其母，然猶不忍殺麟，置之外捨，希得侍見。 乃殺苻飛龍，麟屢進策畫，啟發垂意，垂更奇之，寵待與諸子均矣。
Earlier, when Chui followed Fu Jian into Ye, because his son Lin had repeatedly informed on Yan, he killed Lin's mother at once yet spared Lin, keeping him in an outer lodge. After killing Fu Feilong, Lin repeatedly offered plans that stirred Chui's thinking; Chui marveled at him and favored him like his other sons.
35
慕容鳳及燕故臣之子燕郡王騰、遼西段延等聞翟斌起兵，各帥部曲歸之。 平原公暉使武平武侯毛當討斌。 慕容鳳曰：「鳳今將雪先王之恥，請為斬此氐奴。」 乃擐甲直進，丁零之眾隨之，大敗秦兵，斬毛當； 遂進攻陵雲台戍，克之，收萬餘人甲仗。
Murong Feng, Prince of Yancheng Teng, Duan Yan of Liaoxi, and others, hearing of Zhai Bin's rising, each led their followings to join him. The Duke of Pingyuan, Fu Hui, dispatched the Marquis of Wupinghou, Mao Dang, to suppress Zhai Bin. Murong Feng said: "I mean to avenge the humiliation of our former kings—let me cut down this Di wretch." He buckled on his armor and charged straight in; the Dingling warriors followed, and they routed the Qin forces and killed Mao Dang; They then stormed the Lingyun Terrace garrison, took it, and captured enough arms and armor to equip more than ten thousand men.
36
癸未，慕容垂濟河焚橋，有眾三萬，留遼東鮮卑可足渾潭集兵於河內之沙城。 垂遣田山如鄴，密告慕容農等使起兵相應。 時日已暮，農與慕容楷留宿鄴中； 慕容紹先出，至蒲池，盜丕駿馬數百匹以待農、楷。 甲申晦，農、楷將數十騎微服出鄴，遂同奔列人。
On the day Guiwei, Murong Chui crossed the Yellow River and burned the bridges behind him. He had thirty thousand men with him and left the Liaodong Xianbei Kezuhun Tan to raise troops at Shacheng in Henei. Chui sent Tian Shan to Ye with a secret message urging Murong Nong and the others to rise in support. Night had already fallen, so Nong and Murong Kai lodged overnight in Ye; Murong Shao slipped out first to Pu Pool, stole several hundred of Fu Pi's best horses, and waited there for Nong and Kai. On the last day of the month, the day Jiashen, Nong and Kai rode out of Ye with a few dozen men in disguise and fled together to Lieren.
37
烈宗孝武皇帝上之下太元九年（ 甲申，公元三八四年）
Emperor Xiaowu of Jin, lower fascicle of the first part, ninth year of Taiyuan ( the day Jiashen, AD 384)
38
春，正月，乙酉朔，秦長樂公丕大會賓客，請慕容農不得，始覺有變。 遣人四出求之，三日，乃知其在列人，已起兵矣。
In spring, the first month, on the new moon of the day Yiyou, Fu Pi, Duke of Changle of Qin, held a great banquet for his guests and sent for Murong Nong, but Nong did not come. Only then did Pi sense that something was wrong. He sent men searching in every direction; three days later he learned that Nong was at Lieren and had already taken up arms.
39
慕容鳳、王騰、段延皆勸翟斌奉慕容垂為盟主； 斌從之。 垂欲襲洛陽，且未知斌之誠偽，乃拒之曰：「吾來救豫州，不來赴君。 君既建大事，成享其福，敗受其禍，吾無預焉。」 丙戌，垂至洛陽，平原公暉聞其殺苻飛龍，閉門拒之。 翟斌復遣長史郭通往說垂，垂猶未許。 通曰：「將軍所以拒通者，豈非以翟斌兄弟山野異類，無奇才遠略，必無所成故邪？ 獨不念將軍今日憑之，可以濟大業乎！」 垂乃許之。 於是斌帥其眾來與垂會，勸垂稱尊號。 垂曰：「新興侯，吾主也，當迎歸返正耳。」
Murong Feng, Wang Teng, and Duan Yan all urged Zhai Bin to accept Murong Chui as leader of the alliance; Bin agreed. Chui meant to strike at Luoyang and still could not tell whether Bin's overture was sincere, so he refused him, saying: "I came to save Yuzhou, not to answer your call. You have raised a great cause: if it succeeds, you will reap the reward; if it fails, you will bear the ruin. I want no share in it. On the day Bingxu, Chui reached Luoyang. The Duke of Pingyuan, Fu Hui, learning that Chui had killed Fu Feilong, shut the gates and refused him entry. Zhai Bin sent Chief Clerk Guo Tong again to win Chui over, but Chui still held back. Tong said: "Does the general refuse me because he thinks the Zhai Bin brothers are crude mountaineers of another stock, without great talent or long vision, and bound to fail? Has the general forgotten that, for all that, he needs them now if he is to finish the great work!" At that Chui consented. Bin then brought his followers to join Chui and urged him to take a royal title. Chui said: "The Marquis of Xinxing is my sovereign. I mean only to bring him home and restore legitimate rule."
40
垂以洛陽四面受敵，欲取鄴而據之，乃引兵而東。 故扶餘王餘蔚為滎陽太守，及昌黎鮮卑衛駒各帥其眾降垂。 垂至滎陽，群下固請上尊號，垂乃依晉中宗故事，稱大將軍、大都督、燕王，承製行事，謂之統府。 群下稱臣，文表奏誥，封拜官爵，皆如王者。 以弟德為車騎大將軍，封范陽王； 兄子楷為征西大將軍，封太原王； 翟斌為建義大將軍，封河南王； 餘蔚為征東將軍，統府左司馬，封扶餘王； 衛駒為鷹揚將軍，慕容鳳為建策將軍。 帥眾二十餘萬，自石門濟河，長驅向鄴。
Luoyang was exposed on every side, so Chui decided to seize Ye and make it his base, and marched east. Yu Wei, the former king of Fuyu and governor of Xingyang, and the Changli Xianbei Wei Ju each came over to Chui with their followers. At Xingyang his officers pressed him again to take a royal title. Chui followed the Jin Zhongzong precedent, styling himself Grand General, Grand Commander, and Prince of Yan and governing by decree under what was called the Unified Commandery. His followers addressed him as their lord; memorials, reports, edicts, enfeoffments, and appointments all followed royal practice. He made his brother Murong De Grand Chariot-and-Cavalry General and Prince of Fanyang; his nephew Murong Kai Campaign-West Grand General and Prince of Taiyuan; Zhai Bin Establish-the-Cause Grand General and Prince of Henan; Yu Wei Campaign-East General, Left Chief Administrator of the Unified Commandery, and Prince of Fuyu; Wei Ju Striking Eagle General and Murong Feng Establish-the-Plan General. He marched more than two hundred thousand men across the river at Shimen and swept toward Ye.
41
慕容農之奔列人也，止於烏桓魯利家，利為之置饌，農笑而不食。 利謂其妻曰：「惡奴，郎貴人，家貧無以饌之，奈何？」 妻曰：「郎有雄才大志，今無故而至，必將有異，非為飲食來也。 君亟出，遠望以備非常。」 利從之。 農謂利曰：「吾欲集兵列人以圖興復，卿能從我乎？」 利曰：「死生唯郎是從。」 農乃詣烏桓張驤，說之曰：「家王已舉大事，翟斌等鹹相推奉，遠近響應，故來相告耳。」 驤再拜曰：「得舊主而奉之，敢不盡死！」 於是農驅列人居民為士卒，斬桑榆為兵，裂襜裳為旗，使趙秋說屠各畢聰。 聰與屠各卜勝、張延、李白、郭超及東夷餘和、敕勒、易陽烏桓劉大各帥部眾數千赴之。 農假張驤輔國將軍，劉大安遠將軍，魯利建威將軍。 農自將攻破館陶，收其軍資器械，遣蘭汗、段贊、趙秋、慕輿悕略取康台牧馬數千匹。 汗，燕王垂之從舅； 贊，聰之子也。 於是步騎雲集，眾至數萬，驤等共推農為使持節、都督河北諸軍事、驃騎大將軍，監統諸將，隨才部署，上下肅然。 農以燕王垂未至，不敢封賞將士。 趙秋曰：「軍無賞，士不往。 今之來者，皆欲建一時之功，規萬世之利，宜承製封拜，以廣中興之基。」 農從之，於是赴者相繼； 垂聞而善之。 農西招庫辱官偉於上黨，東引乞特歸於東阿，北召光烈將軍平睿及睿兄汝陽太守幼於燕國； 偉等皆應之。 又遣蘭汗等攻頓丘，克之。 農號令整肅，軍無私掠，士女喜悅。
When Murong Nong fled to Lieren, he stopped at the house of the Wuhuan Luli. Luli laid out a meal for him, but Nong only smiled and would not eat. Luli said to his wife: "You worthless woman—the young lord is a man of rank, and we are too poor to feed him properly. What can we do? She said: "This young lord has great talent and ambition. He has come here for no ordinary reason; he did not come merely to eat. Go out at once and keep watch from a distance against anything unexpected." Luli did as she said. Nong said to Luli: "I mean to raise an army at Lieren and work for restoration. Will you follow me? Luli said: "In life or death I follow you alone." Nong then went to the Wuhuan Zhang Rang and told him: "Our prince has already risen. Zhai Bin and the others have all pledged themselves to him, and support is pouring in from every side. I have come only to tell you." Rang bowed twice and said: "If I can serve our old lord again, how could I not give my life for him!" Nong then pressed the people of Lieren into service as soldiers, cut mulberry and elm for spears, tore skirts into flags, and sent Zhao Qiu to win over the Tuge chief Bi Cong. Cong came, and with him the Tuge Pu Sheng, Zhang Yan, Li Bai, Guo Chao, the Dongyi Yu He, the Chile, and the Yiyang Wuhuan Liu Da, each at the head of several thousand men. Nong made Zhang Rang acting Assistant-State General, Liu Da acting Pacify-the-Distance General, and Luli acting Establish-Power General. Nong himself led the capture of Guantao and took its stores and weapons. He sent Lan Han, Duan Zan, Zhao Qiu, and Muyu Xi to seize several thousand horses from the pastures at Kangtai. Lan Han was Murong Chui's maternal uncle; Duan Zan was Bi Cong's son. Foot and horse then gathered until his force numbered in the tens of thousands. Rang and the others jointly made Nong Bearer of the Staff of Authority, Commander of all Military Affairs north of the Yellow River, and Flying Cavalry Grand General, with authority over every general and appointments made according to merit. The whole army was disciplined from top to bottom. Because Murong Chui had not yet arrived, Nong did not dare grant titles or rewards to the troops. Zhao Qiu said: "An army without rewards will not keep its men. Those who join us now want immediate glory and lasting gain. You should issue appointments under royal authority and broaden the foundation of restoration." Nong agreed, and from then on recruits kept arriving in a steady stream; When Chui heard of it, he approved. Nong summoned Kuru Official Wei in Shangdang to the west, drew Jite Gui to Dong'e in the east, and called north to Resplendent Virtue General Ping Rui and Rui's elder brother Ping You, governor of Ruyang, in the Yan region; Wei and the others all answered his call. He also sent Lan Han and the others against Duniu and took it. Nong's discipline was strict; his army did not loot, and the people welcomed them.
42
長樂公丕使石越將步騎萬餘討之。 農曰：「越有智勇之名，今不南拒大軍而來此，是畏王而陵我也； 必不設備，可以計取之。」 眾請治列人城，農曰：「善用兵者，結士以心，不以異物。 今起義兵，唯敵是求，當以山河為城池，何列人之足治也！」 辛卯，越至列人西，農使趙秋及參軍綦毋滕擊越前鋒，破之。 參軍太原趙謙言於農曰：「越甲仗雖精，人心危駭，易破也，宜急擊之。」 農曰：「彼甲在外，我甲在心，晝戰，則士卒見其外貌而憚之，不如待暮擊之，可以必克。」 令軍士嚴備以待，毋得妄動。 越立柵自固，農笑謂諸將曰：「越兵精士眾，不乘其初至之銳以擊我，方更立柵，吾知其無能為也。」 向暮，農鼓噪出，陳於城西。 牙門劉木請先攻越柵，農笑曰：「凡人見美食，誰不欲之，何得獨請！ 然汝猛銳可嘉，當以先鋒惠汝。」 木乃帥壯士四百騰柵而入，秦兵披靡； 農督大眾隨之，大敗秦兵，斬越，送首於垂。 越與毛當，皆秦之驍將也，故秦王堅使助二子鎮守； 既而相繼敗沒，人情騷動，所在盜賊群起。
Fu Pi, Duke of Changle, sent Shi Yue with more than ten thousand foot and horse to suppress him. Nong said: "Yue has a name for wisdom and courage. If he does not turn south to block the main army but comes here instead, he fears the Prince and despises me— he will surely be off guard, and we can take him by stratagem." His officers asked to fortify Lieren, but Nong said: "A good commander binds his men by heart, not by walls. We have raised a righteous army to find the enemy. Let mountains and rivers be our walls—why bother fortifying Lieren!" On the day Xinmao, Yue reached a point west of Lieren. Nong sent Zhao Qiu and staff officer Qiwu Teng against Yue's vanguard and broke it. Staff officer Zhao Qian of Taiyuan said to Nong: "Yue's arms are excellent, but his men are shaken and afraid. They will break easily. Strike now." Nong said: "Their armor is on their bodies; ours is in our hearts. By day our men will see how formidable they look and lose nerve. Wait until evening, and victory is certain." He ordered his troops to hold themselves in strict readiness and not move without command. Yue threw up palisades to secure his camp. Nong laughed and told his generals: "Yue has fine troops and great numbers, yet instead of using their first rush against us he only builds fences. I know he can do nothing." At dusk Nong marched out with drums and shouts and drew up his line west of the city. Gate officer Liu Mu asked to lead the assault on Yue's palisade. Nong laughed and said: "When anyone sees a feast, who does not want a share? Why should you ask alone! Still, your boldness deserves praise. I will give you the vanguard." Mu then led four hundred picked men over the palisade and into the camp, and the Qin troops broke; Nong brought up the main force behind him, routed the Qin army, killed Yue, and sent his head to Chui. Both Yue and Mao Dang were among Qin's fiercest generals, which was why King Fu Jian had posted them to help his two sons hold the region; When both were defeated and killed in turn, morale collapsed and bandits rose everywhere.
43
庚戌，燕王垂至鄴，改秦建元二十年為燕元年，服色朝儀，皆如舊章。 以前岷山公庫辱官偉為左長史，肖尚書段崇為右長史，滎陽鄭豁等為從事中郎。 慕容農引兵會垂於鄴，垂因其所稱之官而授之。 立世子寶為太子，封從弟拔等十七人及甥宇文輸、舅子蘭審皆為王； 其餘宗族及功臣封公者三十七人，侯、伯、子，男者八十九人。 可足渾潭集兵得二萬餘人，攻野王，拔之，引兵會攻鄴。 平幼及弟睿、規亦帥眾數萬會垂於鄴。
On the day Gengxu, Murong Chui reached Ye. He changed Qin's twentieth year of Jianyuan to the first year of Yan and restored the old court dress and ritual. He made the former Duke of Minshan, Kuru Official Wei, Left Chief Administrator; Master of Writing Duan Chong Right Chief Administrator; and Zheng Huo of Xingyang and others Attendant Gentlemen. Murong Nong brought his army to join Chui at Ye, and Chui confirmed the titles Nong had already taken upon himself. He made heir apparent Bao crown prince and enfeoffed seventeen younger cousins including Ba, his nephew by marriage Yuwen Shu, and his maternal nephew's son Lan Shen—all as kings; Thirty-seven other clansmen and meritorious officials were made dukes, and eighty-nine more were made marquises, counts, viscounts, or barons. Kezuhun Tan raised more than twenty thousand men, took Yewang, and marched to join the siege of Ye. Ping You and his brothers Rui and Gui also brought tens of thousands of men to join Chui at Ye.
44
長樂公丕使姜讓誚讓燕王垂，且說之曰：「過而能改，今猶未晚也。」 垂曰：「孤受主上不世之恩，故欲安全長樂公，使盡眾赴京師，然後修復國家之業，與秦永為鄰好。 何故暗於機運，不以鄴城見歸？ 若迷而不復，當窮極兵勢，恐單馬求生，亦不可得也。」 讓厲色責之曰：「將軍不容於家國，投命聖朝，燕之尺土，將軍豈有分乎？ 主上與將軍風殊類別，一見傾心，親如宗戚，寵逾勳舊，自古君臣際遇，有如是之厚者乎？ 一旦因王師小敗，遽有異圖。 長樂公，主上元子，受分陝之任，寧可束手輸將軍以百城之地乎？ 將軍欲裂冠毀冕，自可極其兵勢，奚更云云！ 但惜將軍以七十之年，懸首白旗，高世之忠，更為逆鬼耳！」 垂默然。 左右請殺之，垂曰：「彼各為其主耳，何罪！」 禮而歸之，遺丕書及上秦王堅表，陳述利害，請送丕歸長安。 堅及丕怒，復書切責之。
Fu Pi, Duke of Changle, sent Jiang Rang to rebuke Murong Chui and also told him: "It is not too late to turn back from error." Chui said: "I owe the sovereign a debt beyond measure, which is why I wish to see the Duke of Changle safe—let him bring all his forces to the capital—then I will restore our realm and keep eternal peace with Qin. Why do you fail to read the times and refuse to hand over Ye? If you persist in your mistake, I will bring every force I have to bear, and I doubt you will even escape alive on a single horse." Rang said sharply: "You found no place in your own realm and cast your lot with the sacred dynasty. Did you ever own a single foot of Yan's soil? The sovereign and you differ in custom and race, yet at first sight he gave you his heart, treated you like kin, and favored you above old merit—when in all history has a lord shown a minister such devotion? Yet after one small defeat of the imperial army you suddenly turn traitor. The Duke of Changle is the sovereign's eldest son and holds the charge of guarding the western frontier. Would he meekly surrender a hundred cities to you? If you mean to tear the crown from your head and play rebel, then by all means bring all your force to bear—why waste words! Only it is a pity that a man of seventy should end with his head on a white pole—the loyalty that might have made you immortal will instead make you a rebel ghost!" Chui said nothing. Those around him asked to kill Rang, but Chui said: "He serves his own master. What crime is that! He treated him with courtesy and sent him back, then wrote to Pi and submitted a memorial to King Fu Jian of Qin explaining the stakes and asking that Pi be allowed to return to Chang'an. Fu Jian and Fu Pi were furious and answered with a letter of sharp rebuke.
45
鷹揚將軍劉牢之攻秦譙城，拔之。 桓沖遣上庸太守郭寶攻秦魏興、上庸、新城三郡，拔之。 將軍楊佺期進據成固，擊秦梁州刺史潘猛，走之。 佺期，亮之子也。
Striking Eagle General Liu Laozhi attacked Qiao in Qin territory and took it. Huan Chong sent Guo Bao, governor of Shangyong, to attack the Qin commanderies of Weixing, Shangyong, and Xincheng, and all three fell. General Yang Quanqi advanced, seized Chenggu, and attacked Qin's governor of Liangzhou, Pan Meng, driving him back. Quanqi was the son of Yang Liang.
46
壬子，燕王垂攻鄴，拔其外郭，長樂公丕退守中城。 關東六州郡縣多送任請降於燕。 癸丑，垂以陳留王紹行冀州刺史，屯廣阿。
On the day Renzi, Murong Chui attacked Ye and took the outer walls; Fu Pi, Duke of Changle, withdrew to the inner citadel. Many commanderies and counties east of the pass sent hostages and offered to surrender to Yan. On the day Guichou, Chui appointed Prince of Chenliu Shao acting governor of Jizhou and posted him at Guanga.
47
豐城宣穆公桓沖聞謝玄等有功，自以失言，慚恨成疾； 二月，辛巳，卒。 朝議欲以謝玄為荊、江二州刺史。 謝安自以父子名位太盛，又懼桓氏失職怨望，乃以梁郡太守桓石民為荊州刺史，河東太守桓石虔為豫州刺史，豫州刺史桓伊為江州刺史。
Huan Chong, Duke Xuanmu of Fengcheng, heard of the victories of Xie Xuan and the others; ashamed that he had spoken too hastily, he fell ill from regret; In the second month, on the day Xinsi, he died. The court discussed appointing Xie Xuan governor of both Jing and Jiang provinces. Xie An, fearing that he and his son had risen too high and that the Huans, displaced from office, would turn resentful, made Huan Shimin, prefect of Liangjun, governor of Jingzhou; Huan Shiqian, prefect of Hedong, governor of Yuzhou; and Huan Yi, already governor of Yuzhou, governor of Jiangzhou.
48
燕王垂引丁零、烏桓之眾二十餘萬為飛梯地道以攻鄴，不拔； 乃築長圍守之，分處老弱於肥鄉，築新興城以置輜重。
Murong Chui brought more than two hundred thousand Dingling and Wuhuan warriors, using siege towers and sappers to assault Ye, but could not take the city; He then settled in for a long siege, sent the elderly and weak to Feixiang, and built Xinxing city to store his supplies.
49
秦征東府官屬疑參軍高泰，燕之舊臣，有貳心。 泰懼，與同郡虞曹從事吳韶逃歸勃海。 韶曰：「燕軍近在肥鄉，宜從之。」 泰曰：「吾以避禍耳； 去一君，事一君，吾所不為也！」 申紹見而歎曰：「去就以道，可謂君子矣！」
The staff of Qin's eastern expedition command suspected Gao Tai, a former Yan official serving as an attendant gentleman, of disloyalty. In fear, Gao Tai fled to Bohai with Wu Shao, a clerk in the Bureau of Parks from his home commandery. Shao said: "The Yan army is close by at Feixiang. We ought to go over to them." Gao Tai replied: "I am only trying to escape harm; to leave one master and serve another is something I will not do!" Shen Shao witnessed this and sighed: "Choosing to go or stay according to principle—here is a true gentleman!"
50
燕范陽王德擊秦枋頭，取之，置戍而還。
Murong De, Prince of Fanyang, attacked Fangtou, took it, left a garrison, and withdrew.
51
東胡王晏據館陶，為鄴中聲援，鮮卑、烏桓及郡縣民據塢壁不從燕者尚眾； 燕王垂遣太原王楷與鎮南將軍陳留王紹討之。 楷謂紹曰：「鮮卑、烏桓及冀州之民，本皆燕臣。 今大業始爾，人心未洽，所以小異。 唯宜綏之以德，不可震之以威。 吾當止一處，為軍聲之本，汝巡撫民夷，示以大義，彼必當聽從。」 楷乃屯於辟陽。 紹帥騎數百往說王晏，為陳禍福，晏隨紹詣楷降，於是鮮卑、烏桓及塢民降者數十萬口。 楷留其老弱，置守宰以撫之，發其丁壯十餘萬，與王晏詣鄴。 垂大悅，曰：「汝兄弟才兼文武，足以繼先王矣！」
Yan, king of the Eastern Hu, held Guantao to support Ye; many Xianbei, Wuhuan, and local people still held out in fortified stockades and refused to submit to Yan; Murong Chui sent Prince of Taiyuan Kai and Pacify-the-South General Prince of Chenliu Shao to subdue them. Kai told Shao: "The Xianbei, Wuhuan, and the people of Jizhou were all once Yan's subjects. Our cause has only just begun, and hearts are not yet won—that is why they hold back. We must win them with kindness, not intimidate them with force. I will hold one position as the anchor of our army; you go among the people and tribes, show them the right cause, and they will surely come over." Kai then encamped at Piyang. Shao rode out with a few hundred cavalry to persuade King Yan, explaining the stakes; Yan went with Shao to Kai and submitted, and in the end several hundred thousand Xianbei, Wuhuan, and stockade dwellers surrendered. Kai left the elderly and weak behind with local officials to settle them, drafted more than one hundred thousand able-bodied men, and went with King Yan to Ye. Chui was delighted and said: "You brothers possess both civil and military talent—you are fit to carry on the work of our forefathers!"
52
三月，以衛將軍謝安為太保。
In the third month, Xie An was appointed grand mentor.
53
秦北地長史慕容泓聞燕王垂攻鄴，亡奔關東，收集鮮卑，眾至數千。 還屯華陰，敗秦將軍強永，其眾遂盛。 自稱都督陝西諸軍事、大將軍、雍州牧、濟北王，推垂為丞相、都督陝東諸軍事、領大司馬、冀州牧、吳王。
Murong Hong, chief administrator of Beidi under Qin, heard that Murong Chui was attacking Ye; he fled east of the pass, rallied the Xianbei, and raised several thousand men. He returned and encamped at Huayin, defeated Qin general Qiang Yong, and his following grew strong. He proclaimed himself grand commander of all military affairs west of the mountain passes, grand general, governor of Yongzhou, and Prince of Jibei, and hailed Chui as chancellor, grand commander east of the passes, grand commandant, governor of Jizhou, and Prince of Wu.
54
秦王堅謂權翼曰：「不用卿言，使鮮卑至此。 關東之地，吾不復與之爭，將若泓何？」 乃以廣平公熙為雍州刺史，鎮蒲阪。 征雍州牧巨鹿公睿為都督中外諸軍事、衛大將軍、錄尚書事，配兵五萬； 以左將軍竇沖為長史，龍驤將軍姚萇為司馬，以討泓。
King Fu Jian said to Quan Yi: "Because I did not heed your advice, the Xianbei have come to this. I will no longer fight them for the lands east of the pass. What are we to do about Hong?" He then made Duke of Guangping Xi governor of Yongzhou and posted him at Puban. He summoned Duke Min of Julu Rui, governor of Yongzhou, to serve as supreme commander of all forces, guard grand general, and supervisor of the Masters of Writing, with fifty thousand men; and appointed Left General Dou Chong chief administrator and Flying Dragon General Yao Chang staff officer to campaign against Hong.
55
平陽太守慕容沖亦起兵於平陽，有眾二萬，進攻蒲阪； 堅使竇沖討之。
Murong Chong, administrator of Pingyang, also rose in rebellion there with twenty thousand men and marched on Puban; Fu Jian sent Dou Chong against him.
56
庫辱官偉帥營部數萬至鄴，燕王垂封偉為安定王。
Kuru Official Wei led tens of thousands of camp followers to Ye, and Murong Chui enfeoffed him as Prince of Anding.
57
秦冀州刺史阜城侯定守信都，高城男紹在其國，高邑侯亮、重合侯謨守常山，固安侯鑒守中山。 燕王垂遣前將軍、樂浪王溫督諸軍攻信都，不克； 夏，四月，丙辰，遣撫軍大將軍麟益兵助之。 定、鑒，秦王堅之從叔； 紹、謨，從弟； 亮，從子也。 溫，燕王垂之弟子也。
Fu Ding, Marquis of Fucheng and Qin governor of Jizhou, held Xindu; Baron of Gaocheng Shao was within his territory; Fu Liang, Marquis of Gaoyi, and Fu Mo, Marquis of Chonghe, held Changshan; Fu Jian, Marquis of Gu'an, held Zhongshan. Murong Chui sent Forward General Prince of Lelang Wen to lead the assault on Xindu, but the city held; in the fourth month of summer, on the day Bingchen, he sent Pacification Grand General Lin with reinforcements. Fu Ding and the Marquis of Gu'an were Fu Jian's paternal uncles; Shao and Mo were younger cousins of his; Liang was a nephew. Wen was Murong Chui's nephew.
58
慕容泓聞秦兵且至，懼，帥眾將奔關東。 秦巨鹿愍公睿粗猛輕敵，欲馳兵邀之。 姚萇諫曰：「鮮卑皆有思歸之志，故起而為亂，宜驅令出關，不可遏也。 夫執鼷鼠之尾，猶能反噬於人。 彼自知困窮，致死於我； 萬一失利，悔將何及！ 但可鳴鼓隨之，彼將奔敗不暇矣。」 睿弗從，戰於華澤，睿兵敗，為泓所殺。 萇遣龍驤長史趙都、參軍姜協詣秦王堅謝罪； 堅怒，殺之。 萇懼，奔渭北馬牧。 於是天水尹緯、尹詳、南龐演等糾扇羌豪，帥其戶口歸萇者五萬餘家，推萇為盟主。 萇自稱大將軍、大單于、萬年秦王，大赦，改元白雀，以尹詳、龐演為左、右長史，南安姚晃及尹緯為左、右司馬，天水狄伯支等為從事中郎，羌訓等為掾屬，王據等為參軍，王欽盧、姚方成等為將帥。
When Murong Hong learned that Qin troops were approaching, he panicked and prepared to flee east of the pass with his army. Duke Min of Julu Rui was rash and overconfident; he wanted to ride out and cut Hong off. Yao Chang urged: "The Xianbei are rebelling because they long to go home. We should drive them out of the pass, not try to stop them. Even a cornered field mouse will bite. Cornered and desperate, they will fight to the death; if we suffer even one setback, it will be too late for regret! Just beat the drums and pursue—they will scatter in flight and never look back." Rui refused to listen. At Huaze his army was routed and Hong killed him. Chang sent his chief administrator Zhao Du and attendant gentleman Jiang Xie to Fu Jian to apologize; Fu Jian, furious, had them executed. In fear, Chang fled to the horse pastures north of the Wei River. Then Yin Wei and Yin Xiang of Tianshui, Pang Yan of Nan, and others rallied Qiang chieftains; more than fifty thousand households came over to Chang and proclaimed him their leader. Chang proclaimed himself grand general, grand chanyu, and King of Qin of Wannian; declared a general amnesty and adopted the era name White Sparrow. He made Yin Xiang and Pang Yan left and right chief administrators; Yao Huang of Nanan and Yin Wei left and right staff officers; Di Bozhi of Tianshui and others attendant gentlemen; Qiang Xun and others clerks; Wang Ju and others staff advisers; and Wang Qinlu, Yao Fangcheng, and others his commanders.
59
秦竇衝擊慕容沖於河東，大破之； 沖帥鮮卑騎八千奔慕容泓。 泓眾至十餘萬，遣使謂秦王堅曰：「吳王已定關東，可速資備大駕，奉送家兄皇帝，泓當帥關中燕人翼衛乘輿，還返鄴都，與秦以虎牢為界，永為鄰好。」 堅大怒，召慕容□責之曰：「今泓書如此，卿欲去者，朕當相資。 卿之宗族，可謂人面獸心，不可以國士期也！」 □叩頭流血，涕泣陳謝。 堅久之曰：「此自三豎所為，非卿之過。」 復其位，待之如初。 命□以書招諭泓、沖及垂。 □密遣使謂泓曰：「吾籠中之人，必無還理； 且燕室之罪人也，不足復顧。 汝勉建大業，以吳王為相國，中山王為太宰、領大司馬，汝可為大將軍、領司徒，承製封拜，聽吾死問，汝便即尊位。」 泓於是進向長安，改元燕興。
Dou Chong of Qin attacked Murong Chong in Hedong and routed him; Chong fled with eight thousand Xianbei horsemen to join Murong Hong. Hong's army swelled to more than one hundred thousand. He sent envoys to Fu Jian: "The Prince of Wu has secured the east. Prepare the imperial train at once and send my brother the emperor. I will lead the Yan people of Guanzhong to escort him back to Ye. Let Hulao mark the border between us, and let us live as neighbors in peace forever." Fu Jian flew into a rage and summoned Murong Wei. "Hong writes this to me. If you wish to leave, I will furnish you for the journey. Your clan has human faces and beasts' hearts—they are not men one can honor as true subjects of the realm!" Murong Wei knocked his forehead until it bled, weeping as he pleaded for mercy. After a long silence Fu Jian said: "This is the work of those three upstarts, not yours." He restored Murong Wei to his post and treated him as before. He ordered Murong Wei to write letters summoning Hong, Chong, and Chui to submit. Murong Wei secretly sent word to Hong: "I am a prisoner here. I shall never return; and I am already a criminal of the house of Yan—not worth thinking of again. Press on with the great cause. Make the Prince of Wu your chancellor, the Prince of Zhongshan grand mentor and grand commandant, and take for yourself the titles of grand general and minister of works. Issue appointments by edict as you see fit, and when you receive word of my death, take the throne at once." Hong then marched on Chang'an and adopted the era name Yanxing.
60
燕王垂以鄴城猶固，會僚佐議之。 右司馬封衡請引漳水灌之； 從之。 垂行圍，因飲於華林園，秦人密出兵掩之，矢下如雨，垂幾不得出，冠軍大將軍隆將騎沖之，垂僅而得免。
Because Ye still held out, Murong Chui assembled his advisers to discuss what to do. Right staff officer Feng Heng proposed flooding the city with the Zhang River; Chui agreed. Chui toured the siege lines and took refreshment in Huaglin Garden. Qin troops launched a surprise attack; arrows fell like rain and Chui nearly failed to escape. Champion grand general Murong Long charged in with cavalry and Chui barely got away.
61
竟陵太守趙統攻襄陽，秦荊州刺史都貴奔魯陽。
Zhao Tong, administrator of Jingling, attacked Xiangyang; Du Gui, Qin's governor of Jingzhou, fled to Luyang.
62
五月，秦洛州刺史張五虎據豐陽來降。
In the fifth month, Zhang Wuhu, Qin's governor of Luozhou, holding Fengyang, surrendered.
63
梁州刺史楊亮帥眾五萬伐蜀，遣巴西太守費統等將水陸兵三萬為前鋒。 亮屯巴郡，秦益州刺史王廣遣巴西太守康回等拒之。
Yang Liang, governor of Liangzhou, led fifty thousand men against Shu and sent Fei Tong, administrator of Baxi, and others with thirty thousand land and river troops as the vanguard. Liang encamped in Baxi; Wang Guang, Qin's governor of Yizhou, sent Kang Hui, administrator of Baxi, and others to resist him.
64
秦苻定、苻紹皆降於燕，燕慕容麟引兵西攻常山。
Fu Ding and Fu Shao of Qin surrendered to Yan, and Murong Lin marched west against Changshan.
65
後秦王萇進屯北地，秦華陰、北地、新平、安定羌胡降之者十餘萬。
Later King Yao Chang advanced into Beidi, and more than one hundred thousand Qiang and tribal peoples from Huayin, Beidi, Xiping, and Anding submitted to him.
66
六月，癸丑朔，崇德太后褚氏崩。
In the sixth month, on the first day Gui-chou, Empress Dowager Chongde, née Chu, died.
67
秦王堅自帥步騎二萬以擊後秦，軍於趙氏塢，使護軍將軍楊璧等分道攻之； 後秦兵屢敗，斬後秦王萇之弟鎮軍將軍尹買。 後秦軍中無井，秦人塞安公谷、堰同官水以固之。 後秦人恟懼，有渴死者。 會天大雨，後秦營中水三尺，繞營百步之外，寸餘而已，後秦軍復振。 秦王堅歎曰：「天亦佑賊乎！」
Fu Jian personally led twenty thousand foot and horse to attack Later Qin, encamping at Zhao's stockade, and sent Guard-the-Army General Yang Bi and others against him on several axes; Later Qin suffered repeated defeats, and Yao Chang's younger brother Yin Mai, guard-the-army general, was killed. The Later Qin camp had no wells; the Qin forces blocked Angong Valley and dammed the Tongguan River to cut off their water. Later Qin's men panicked, and some died of thirst. Then heaven sent a downpour. Three feet of water pooled in the Later Qin camp, while barely an inch fell a hundred paces beyond their lines, and their army rallied. Fu Jian sighed: "Does heaven favor these rebels after all!"
68
慕容泓謀臣高蓋等以泓德望不如慕容沖，且持法苛峻，乃殺泓，立沖為皇太弟，承製行事，置百官； 以蓋為尚書令。 後秦王萇遣其子嵩為質於沖以請和。
Gao Gai and other advisers, finding Hong's prestige inferior to Murong Chong's and his justice too harsh, killed Hong and made Chong imperial younger brother-heir, governing by edict and establishing a full bureaucracy; Gao Gai was made minister of the Masters of Writing. Later King Yao Chang sent his son Song as a hostage to Chong to sue for peace.
69
將軍劉春攻魯陽，都貴奔還長安。
General Liu Chun attacked Luyang, and Du Gui fled back to Chang'an.
70
後秦王萇帥眾七萬擊秦，秦王堅遣楊璧等拒之，為萇所敗； 獲楊璧及右將軍徐成、鎮軍將軍毛盛等將吏數十人，萇皆禮而遣之。
Later King Yao Chang marched against Qin with seventy thousand men; Fu Jian sent Yang Bi and others to meet him and was defeated; Chang captured Yang Bi, right general Xu Cheng, guard-the-army general Mao Sheng, and dozens of other officers—and sent them all back with courtesy.
71
燕慕容麟撥常山，秦苻亮、苻謨皆降。 麟進圍中山，秋，七月，克之，執苻鑒。 麟威聲大振，留屯中山。
Murong Lin overran Changshan; Fu Liang and Fu Mo of Qin surrendered. Lin pressed on to besiege Zhongshan; in autumn, during the seventh month, he took the city and captured Fu Jian. Lin's fame spread far and wide, and he remained encamped at Zhongshan.
72
秦幽州刺史王永、平州刺史苻沖帥二州之眾以擊燕。 燕王垂遣寧朔將軍平規擊永，永遣昌黎太守宋敞逆戰於范陽，敞兵敗，規進據薊南。
Wang Yong, Qin's governor of Youzhou, and Fu Chong, governor of Pingzhou, led the armies of both provinces against Yan. King Murong Chui sent Pacifying-North General Ping Gui against Yong; Yong dispatched Song Chang, administrator of Changli, to meet him at Fanyang, but Chang was defeated and Gui advanced to hold the south of Ji.
73
秦平原公暉帥洛陽、陝城之眾七萬歸於長安。
Fu Hui, Duke of Pingyuan of Qin, led seventy thousand men from Luoyang and Shancheng back to Chang'an.
74
益州刺史王廣遣將軍王虯帥蜀漢之眾三萬北救長安。
Wang Guang, governor of Yizhou, sent General Wang Jiu north with thirty thousand men from Shu and Han to relieve Chang'an.
75
秦王堅聞慕容沖去長安浸近，乃引兵歸，遣撫軍大將軍高陽公方戍驪山，拜平原公暉為都督中外諸軍事、車騎大將軍、錄尚書事，配兵五萬以拒沖。 沖與暉戰於鄭西，大破之。 堅又遣前將軍姜宇與少子河間公琳帥眾三萬拒沖於灞上； 琳、宇皆敗死，沖遂據阿房城。
When King Fu Jian heard that Murong Chong was closing on Chang'an, he turned back with his army, posted Pacifying-Army Grand General Fang, Duke of Gaoyang, to garrison Lishan, and appointed Fu Hui, Duke of Pingyuan, commander-in-chief of all armies at home and abroad, chariot-and-cavalry grand general, and recorder of the Masters of Writing, giving him fifty thousand men to hold off Chong. Chong met Hui west of Zheng and routed him completely. Fu Jian then sent Forward General Jiang Yu and his youngest son Fu Lin, Duke of Hejian, with thirty thousand men to block Chong at Bashang; Lin and Yu were both defeated and killed, and Chong then seized Epang.
76
泰康回兵數敗，退還成都。 梓潼太守壘襲以涪城來降。 荊州刺史桓石民據魯陽，遣河南太守高茂北戍洛陽。
Kang Hui's army, marching back, suffered repeated defeats and retreated to Chengdu. Lei Xi, administrator of Zitong, surrendered Fucheng to the invaders. Huan Shimin, governor of Jingzhou, held Luyang and sent Gao Mao, administrator of Henan, north to garrison Luoyang.
77
己酉，葬康獻皇后於崇平陵。
On the day Jiyou, Empress Kangxian was interred at Chongping Mausoleum.
78
燕翟斌恃功驕縱，邀求無厭； 又以鄴城久不下，潛有貳心。 太子寶請除之，燕王垂曰：「河南之盟，不可負也。 若其為難，罪由於斌。 今事未有形而殺之，人必謂我忌憚其功能； 吾方收攬豪傑以隆大業，不可示人以狹，失天下之望也。 藉彼有謀，吾以智防之，無能為也。」 范陽王德、陳留王紹、驃騎大將軍農皆曰：「翟斌兄弟恃功而驕，必為國患。」 垂曰：「驕則速敗，焉能為患？ 彼有大功，當聽其自斃耳。」 禮遇彌重。
Zhai Bin of Yan, swollen with his own merit, grew arrogant and insatiable in his demands; and because Ye still had not fallen after so long, he secretly began to waver in his loyalty. Crown Prince Murong Bao asked that Bin be eliminated, but King Murong Chui said, "The alliance we made at Henan must not be broken. If he turns against us, the fault will be his alone. If we kill him now, before he has actually done wrong, men will say we fear his ability; I am trying to gather heroes to raise up our great cause; I cannot show a petty spirit and lose the world's regard. Even if he plots, I can outwit him; he will be powerless." Murong De, Prince of Fanyang, Murong Shao, Prince of Chenliu, and Cavalry Grand General Murong Nong all said, "The Zhai brothers are arrogant with their merit; they will surely become a danger to the realm." Chui replied, "Arrogance brings quick ruin—how could it become a lasting threat? They have done great service; let them destroy themselves in their own time." And he honored Bin with even greater courtesy than before.
79
斌諷丁零及其黨請斌為尚書令。 垂曰：「翟王之功，宜居上輔； 但台既未建，此官不可遽置耳。」 斌努，密與前秦長樂公丕通謀，使丁零決堤潰水； 事覺，垂殺斌及其弟檀、敏，餘皆赦之。 斌兄子真，夜將營眾北奔邯鄲，引兵還向鄴圍，欲與丕內外相應。 太子寶與冠軍大將軍隆擊破之，真還走邯鄲。
Bin had the Dingling and his followers petition that he be made minister of the Masters of Writing. Chui said, "Prince Zhai's merit would indeed suit the highest ministerial rank; but the imperial secretariat has not yet been established, so the office cannot be created just yet." Bin, enraged, secretly plotted with Fu Pi, Duke of Changle of Qin, and had the Dingling break the dikes and flood the camp; When the plot was discovered, Chui executed Bin and his brothers Tan and Min and pardoned the rest. Bin's nephew Zhen fled north by night with the camp troops to Handan, then marched back against the siege of Ye, hoping to coordinate with Pi from within and without. Crown Prince Bao and Champion Grand General Murong Long routed him, and Zhen fled back to Handan.
80
太原王楷、陳留王紹言於垂曰：「丁零非有大志，但寵過為亂耳。 今急之則屯聚為寇，緩之則自散。 散而擊之，無不克矣」垂從之。
Murong Kai, Prince of Taiyuan, and Murong Shao, Prince of Chenliu, told Chui, "The Dingling have no grand ambitions; they turned to rebellion only because they were indulged too much. Press them hard and they will band together as raiders; leave them alone and they will scatter on their own. Strike them after they scatter, and you cannot fail." Chui agreed.
81
龜茲王帛純窘急，重賂獪胡以求救； 獪胡王遣其弟吶龍、侯將馗帥騎二十餘萬，並引溫宿、尉頭等諸國兵合七十餘萬以救龜茲； 秦呂光與戰於城西，大破之。 帛純出走，王侯降者三十餘國。 光入其城，城如長安市邑，宮室甚盛。 光撫寧西域，威恩甚著，遠方諸國，前世所不能服者，皆來歸附，上漢所賜節傳。 光皆表而易之，立帛純弟震為龜茲王。
King Bo Chun of Kucha, in desperate straits, lavished bribes on the Kuaihu to beg for relief; the Kuaihu king sent his younger brothers Nalong and Hou Jiangkui with more than two hundred thousand cavalry, and together with the armies of Wenxi, Weitou, and other states raised a force of more than seven hundred thousand to relieve Kucha; Lü Guang of Qin met them west of the city and crushed them completely. Bo Chun fled, and more than thirty kingdoms submitted. Guang entered the city and found its streets laid out like Chang'an's and its palaces magnificently built. Guang pacified the Western Regions with a reputation for both might and mercy; distant states that no previous dynasty had been able to subdue came to submit, surrendering the tallies and credentials Han had once granted them. Guang reported this to court and replaced all the credentials, installing Bo Chun's younger brother Zhen as king of Kucha.
82
八月，翟真自邯鄲北走，燕王垂遣太原王楷、驃騎大將軍農帥騎馬追之，甲寅，及於下邑。 楷欲戰，農曰：「士卒饑倦，且視賊營不見丁壯，殆有他伏。」 楷不從，進戰，燕兵大敗。 真北趨中山，屯於承營。
In the eighth month, Zhai Zhen fled north from Handan; King Murong Chui sent Murong Kai, Prince of Taiyuan, and Cavalry Grand General Murong Nong in pursuit with cavalry, and on the day Jiayin they overtook him at Xiayi. Kai wanted to fight, but Nong said, "Our men are hungry and exhausted, and the enemy camp shows no able-bodied troops—there is likely an ambush." Kai refused to listen, gave battle, and the Yan army was routed. Zhen pressed north toward Zhongshan and encamped at Chengying.
83
鄴中芻糧俱盡，削松木以飼馬。 燕王垂謂諸將曰：「苻丕窮寇，必無降理，不如退屯新城，開丕西歸之路，以謝秦王疇昔之恩，且為討翟真之計。」 丙寅夜，垂解圍趨新城。 遣慕容農徇清河、平原，征督租賦，農明立約束，均適有無，軍令嚴整，無所侵暴，由是谷帛屬路，軍資豐給。
Inside Ye, fodder and grain were completely exhausted, and they shaved pine bark to feed the horses. King Murong Chui told his generals, "Fu Pi is a desperate enemy and will never surrender. Better to withdraw to Xincheng and leave him a road west, repaying King Fu Jian's old kindness and freeing us to deal with Zhai Zhen." That night, on the day Bingyin, Chui raised the siege and marched for Xincheng. He sent Murong Nong through Qinghe and Pingyuan to collect taxes and levies; Nong set clear rules, sharing out supplies fairly, kept discipline strict, and forbade all pillage, so grain and cloth lined the roads and the army was abundantly supplied.
84
戊寅，南昌文穆公郗愔薨。
On the day Wuyin, Xi Yin, Duke of Nanchang posthumously styled Wennu, died.
85
太保安奏請乘苻氏傾敗，開拓中原，以徐、兗二州刺史謝玄為前鋒都督，帥豫州刺史桓石虔等伐秦。 玄至下邳，秦徐州刺史趙遷棄彭城走，充進據彭城。
Grand Preceptor Xie An memorialized the throne, urging that Jin seize the moment of the Fu clan's collapse to recover the Central Plains; Xie Xuan, governor of Xu and Yan, was made vanguard commander-in-chief, and with Huan Shiqian, governor of Yuzhou, and others he marched against Qin. Xuan reached Xiapi; Zhao Qian, Qin's governor of Xuzhou, abandoned Pengcheng and fled, and Xuan advanced to take the city.
86
秦王堅聞呂光平西域，以光為都督玉門以西諸軍事、西域校尉； 道絕，不通。
When King Fu Jian heard that Lü Guang had pacified the Western Regions, he appointed Guang commander-in-chief of all armies west of Yumen and colonel of the Western Regions; but the road was cut and no word could get through.
87
秦幽州刺史王永求救於振威將軍劉庫仁，庫仁遣其妻兄公孫希帥騎三千救之，大破平規於薊南，乘勝長驅，進據唐城，與慕容麟相持。
Wang Yong, Qin's governor of Youzhou, appealed to Quelling-Authority General Liu Kuren for help; Kuren sent his brother-in-law Gongsun Xi with three thousand cavalry, who routed Ping Gui south of Ji, pressed the victory, seized Tangcheng, and locked in stalemate with Murong Lin.
88
九月，謝玄使彭城內史劉牢之攻秦兗州刺史張崇。 辛卯，崇棄鄄城奔燕。 寧之據鄄城，河南城堡皆來歸附。
In the ninth month, Xie Xuan sent Liu Laozhi, administrator of Pengcheng, against Zhang Chong, Qin's governor of Yanzhou. On the day Xinmao, Zhang Chong abandoned Juancheng and fled to Yan. Laozhi took Juancheng, and fortified posts throughout Henan submitted to Jin.
89
太保安上疏自求北征。 甲午，加安都督揚、江等十五州諸軍事，加黃鉞。
Grand Preceptor Xie An memorialized the throne, asking to lead the northern campaign in person. On the day Jiawu, An was further appointed commander-in-chief over fifteen provinces including Yang and Jiang, and granted the yellow battle-axe.
90
慕容沖進逼長安，秦王堅登城觀之，歎曰：「此虜何從出哉！」 大呼責沖曰：「奴何苦來送死！」 沖曰：「奴厭奴苦，欲取汝為代耳！」 沖少有寵於堅，堅遣使以錦袍稱詔遺之。 沖遺詹事稱皇太弟令答之曰：「孤今心在天下，豈顧一袍小惠！ 苟能知命，君臣束手，早送皇帝！ 自當寬貸苻氏，以酬曩好。」 堅大怒曰：「吾不用王景略、陽平公之言，使白虜敢至於此！」
Murong Chong closed in on Chang'an; King Fu Jian mounted the wall to look out and sighed, "Where did this foe come from!" He shouted down at Chong, "You slave—why come all this way just to die!" Chong answered, "Your slave is sick of servitude and means to take your place! Chong had once been a favorite of Fu Jian's; Fu Jian now sent an envoy bearing a brocade robe with a message styled as an imperial edict. Chong replied through his household steward in the name of the imperial younger brother-heir: "My heart is set on the realm—why should I care for the petty gift of a robe! If you know what fate demands, let ruler and ministers surrender and deliver the emperor at once! I will then show mercy to the Fu clan, in repayment of our old affection." Fu Jian flew into a rage and cried, "Had I heeded Wang Meng and the Duke of Yangping, these white barbarians would never have dared come so far!"
91
冬，十月，辛亥朔，日有食之。
In winter, during the tenth month, on the new moon of the day Xinghai, there was a solar eclipse.
92
乙丑，大赦。
On the day Yichou, the court proclaimed a general amnesty.
93
謝玄遣陰陵太守高素攻秦青州刺史苻郎，軍至琅邪，朗來降。 朗，堅之從子也。 翟真在承營，與公孫希、宋敞遙相首尾。 長樂公丕遣宦者冗從僕射清河光祚，將兵數百赴中山，與真相結。 又遣陽平太守邵興將數千騎，招集冀州故郡縣，與祚期會襄國。 是時，燕軍疲弊，秦勢復振，冀州郡縣皆觀望成敗，趙郡人趙粟等起兵柏鄉以應興。 燕王垂遣冠軍大將軍隆、龍驤將軍張崇將兵邀擊興，命驃騎大將軍農自清河引兵會之。 隆與興戰於襄國，大破之； 興走至廣阿，遇慕容農，執之。 光祚聞之，循西山走歸鄴。 隆遂擊趙粟等，皆破之，冀州郡縣復從燕。
Xie Xuan sent Gao Su, administrator of Yinling, against Fu Lang, Qin's governor of Qingzhou; when the army reached Langye, Lang surrendered. Lang was Fu Jian's cousin's son. Zhai Zhen held Chengying, coordinating at a distance with Gongsun Xi and Song Chang in mutual support. Fu Pi, Duke of Changle, sent the eunuch attendant Guang Zuo of Qinghe with several hundred troops to Zhongshan to ally with Zhen. He also sent Shao Xing, administrator of Yangping, with several thousand cavalry to rally the old commanderies and counties of Jizhou, arranging to rendezvous with Guang Zuo at Xiangguo. By then the Yan army was exhausted while Qin was rallying again; commanderies and counties across Jizhou waited to see which side would win, and Zhao Su of Zhao commandery and others rose at Baixiang in support of Shao Xing. King Murong Chui sent Champion Grand General Murong Long and Soaring-Dragon General Zhang Chong to intercept Shao Xing, and ordered Cavalry Grand General Murong Nong to march from Qinghe to join them. Long met Shao Xing at Xiangguo and routed him; Shao Xing fled to Guanga, ran into Murong Nong, and was captured. When Guang Zuo heard the news, he fled along the western hills back to Ye. Long then defeated Zhao Su and the others, and the commanderies and counties of Jizhou submitted to Yan once more.
94
劉庫仁聞公孫希已破平規，欲大舉兵以救長樂公丕，發雁門、上谷、代郡兵，屯繁畤。 燕太子太保輿句之子文、零陵公慕輿虔之子常時在庫仁所，知三郡兵不樂遠所，因作亂，夜，攻庫仁，殺之，竊其駿馬奔燕。 公孫希之眾聞亂自潰，希奔翟真。 庫仁弟頭眷代領庫仁部眾。
When Liu Kuren heard that Gongsun Xi had already defeated Ping Gui, he planned a major relief expedition for Fu Pi, Duke of Changle, mustering troops from Yanmen, Shanggu, and Dai and encamping at Fanzhi. Wen, son of Yuju, grand preceptor to the Yan crown prince, and Chang, son of Murong Qian, Duke of Lingling, were then in Kuren's camp; knowing the three commanderies' troops had no stomach for a distant campaign, they mutinied by night, killed Kuren, seized his best horses, and fled to Yan. Gongsun Xi's army, hearing of the revolt, broke apart on its own; Xi fled to Zhai Zhen. Kuren's younger brother Tou Juan took command of his brother's forces.
95
秦長樂公丕遣光祚及參軍封孚召驃騎將軍張蚝、并州刺史王騰於晉陽以自救，蚝、騰以眾少不能赴。 丕進退路窮，謀於僚佐。 司馬楊膺請自歸於晉，丕未許。 會謝玄遣龍驤將軍劉牢之等據碻磝，濟陽太守郭滿據滑台，將軍顏肱、劉襲軍於河北； 丕遣將軍桑據屯黎陽以據之。 劉襲夜襲據，走之，遂克黎陽。 丕懼，乃遣從弟就與參軍焦逵請救於玄，致書稱「欲假途求糧，西赴國難，須援軍既接，以鄴與之。 若西路不通，長安陷沒，請帥所領保守鄴城。」 逵與參軍姜讓密謂楊膺曰：「今喪敗如此，長安阻絕，存亡不可知。 屈節竭誠以求糧援，猶懼不獲； 而公豪氣不除，方設兩端，事必無成。 宜正書為表，許以王師之至，當致身南歸； 如其不從，可逼縛與之。」 膺自以力能制丕，乃改書而遣之。
Fu Pi, Duke of Changle of Qin, sent Guang Zuo and staff officer Feng Fu to summon Cavalry General Zhang Hao and Wang Teng, governor of Bingzhou, at Jinyang to his aid; but Hao and Teng, with too few men, could not come. Pi, with advance blocked and retreat cut off, consulted his advisers. Chief administrator Yang Ying proposed surrendering to Jin; Pi refused. Just then Xie Xuan sent Soaring-Dragon General Liu Laozhi and others to hold Qiao'ao, Guo Man, administrator of Jiyang, to hold Huatai, and Generals Yan Gong and Liu Xi to camp north of the Yellow River; Pi sent General Sang Ju to garrison Liyang and block them. Liu Xi raided Sang Ju by night, drove him off, and took Liyang. Terrified, Pi sent his cousin Jiu and staff officer Jiao Kui to beg aid from Xie Xuan with a letter saying, "I wish to pass through your lines to gather grain and march west to the empire's defense; once your relief force joins me, I will hand over Ye. If the road west is cut and Chang'an falls, I ask only to hold Ye with the forces under my command." Jiao Kui and staff officer Jiang Rang secretly told Yang Ying, "We are beaten this badly, Chang'an is cut off, and no one knows whether the dynasty will survive. Even if we humbly and faithfully beg for grain and aid, we may still fail; yet you still cling to your pride and hedge between two courses—the mission is doomed. You should write a proper memorial promising that when the imperial army arrives you will surrender and return south; and if he refuses, bind him by force and deliver him up. Ying, confident he could control Pi, rewrote the letter accordingly and dispatched it.
96
謝玄遣晉陵太守滕恬之渡河守黎陽。 恬之，修之曾孫也。 朝廷以兗、青、司、豫既平，加玄都督徐、兗、青、司、冀、幽、并七州諸軍事。
Xie Xuan sent Teng Tianzhi, administrator of Jinling, across the river to garrison Liyang. Tianzhi was the great-grandson of Teng Xiu. With Yan, Qing, Si, and Yu now pacified, the court promoted Xie Xuan to overall commander of military affairs in Xu, Yan, Qing, Si, Ji, You, and Bing—seven provinces in all.
97
後秦王萇聞慕容沖攻長安，會群僚議進止，皆曰：「大王宜先取長安，建立根本，然後經營四方。」 萇曰：「不然。 燕人因其眾有思歸之心以起兵，若得其志，必不久留關中。 吾當移屯嶺北，廣收資實，以待秦亡燕去，然後拱手取之耳。」 乃留其長子興守北地，使寧北將軍姚穆守同官川，自將其眾攻新平。
Later King Yao Chang heard that Murong Chong was besieging Chang'an and gathered his ministers to debate their course. All agreed: "Your Majesty should seize Chang'an first, secure a base, and only then turn to the four quarters." Chang replied, "No. The Yan rebels rose because their followers long to go home; once they get what they want, they will not stay in Guanzhong for long. I should move north of the ridges, gather stores and strength, and wait until Qin collapses and the Yan leave—then I can take the prize without lifting a finger." He left his eldest son Xing to hold Beidi, posted Pacify-North General Yao Mu on the Tongguan River, and marched in person against Xinping.
98
初，新平人殺其郡將，秦王堅缺其城角以恥之，新平民望深以為病，欲立忠義以雪之。 及後秦王萇至新平，新平太守南安苟輔欲降之，郡人遼西太守馮傑、蓮勺令馮羽、尚書郎趙義、汶山太守馮苗諫曰：「昔田單以一城存齊。 今秦之州鎮，猶連城過百，奈何遽為叛臣乎！」 輔喜曰：「此吾志也，但恐久而無救，郡人橫被無辜。 諸君能爾，吾豈顧生哉！」 於是憑城固守。 後秦為土山地道，輔亦於內為之，或戰地下，或戰山上，後秦眾死者萬餘人。 輔詐降以誘萇，萇將入城，覺之而返； 輔仗兵邀擊，幾獲之，又殺萬餘人。
Earlier, the people of Xinping had killed their commandery commander; King Fu Jian had a corner of the city wall cut away to humiliate them. Xinping's leading men took this as a deep disgrace and yearned to prove their loyalty and redeem the shame. When Yao Chang reached Xinping, Gou Fu, administrator of Xinping, wanted to surrender. Feng Jie of Liaoxi, Feng Yu of Lianqiao, Zhao Yi of the Masters of Writing, and Feng Miao of Wenshan remonstrated with him: "Long ago Tian Dan saved Qi from a single city. Qin still holds more than a hundred linked cities and garrisons—how can we so readily play the traitor!" Fu was delighted. "That is my own wish—but I fear that if relief does not come soon, the people will suffer without cause. If you gentlemen are willing to do this, what is my life to me!" They then held the city in a determined defense. Later Qin raised earthworks and dug tunnels; Fu matched them from inside. Battles raged underground and on the heights alike, and Later Qin lost more than ten thousand men. Fu feigned surrender to lure Chang in; Chang was on the point of entering the city when he saw through the trick and withdrew; Fu ambushed him with troops and nearly took him, killing another ten thousand men.
99
隴西處士王嘉，隱居倒虎山，有異術，能知未然，秦人神之。 秦王堅、後秦王萇及慕容沖皆遣使迎之。 十一月，嘉入長安，眾聞之，以為堅有福，故聖人助之，三輔堡壁及四山氐、羌歸堅者四萬餘人。 堅置嘉及沙門道安於外殿，動靜咨之。
Wang Jia, a recluse of Longxi, lived in seclusion on Mount Daohu. He possessed uncanny powers and could foresee events yet to come; the people of Qin revered him as a sage. King Fu Jian, Later King Yao Chang, and Murong Chong all sent envoys to fetch him. In the eleventh month Jia entered Chang'an. People took it as a sign that Fu Jian enjoyed Heaven's favor—a sage had come to his aid—and more than forty thousand men from the fortified camps of the Three Adjuncts and from the Di and Qiang of the surrounding hills rallied to him. Fu Jian quartered Jia and the monk Dao An in the outer hall and consulted them on every decision.
100
燕慕容農自信都西擊丁零翟遼於魯口，破之。 遼退屯無極，農屯蒿城以逼之。 遼，真之從兄也。
Murong Nong marched west from Xindu, struck the Dingling chieftain Zhai Liao at Lukou, and routed him. Liao fell back to Wuji while Nong camped at Haocheng to hem him in. Liao was Zhai Zhen's elder cousin.
101
鮮卑在長安城中者猶千餘人，慕容紹之兄肅，與慕容□陰謀結鮮卑為亂。 十二月，□白堅，以其子新昏，請堅幸其家，置酒，欲伏兵殺之。 堅許之，會天大雨，不果往。 事覺，堅召□及肅，肅曰：「事必洩矣，入則俱死。 今城內已嚴，不如殺使者馳出，既得出門，大眾便集。 □不從，遂俱入。 堅曰：「吾相待何如，而起此意」？ □飾辭以對。 肅曰：「家國事重，何論意氣！」 堅先殺肅，乃殺□及其宗族，城內鮮卑無少長、男女，皆殺之。 燕王垂幼子柔，養於宦者宋牙家為牙子，故得不坐，與太子寶之子盛乘間得出，奔慕容沖。
More than a thousand Xianbei remained in Chang'an. Murong Su, Murong Shao's elder brother, plotted secretly with Murong Wei to rally the Xianbei in rebellion. In the twelfth month Murong Wei told Fu Jian that his son had just married and invited Fu Jian to visit his home for a feast, planning to kill him with hidden troops. Fu Jian agreed, but a torrential rainstorm intervened and he never went. When the plot was discovered, Fu Jian summoned Murong Wei and Murong Su. Su said, "The secret is out—if we go in, we die together. The city is already on alert—we should kill the messenger and ride out at full speed. Once we are through the gate, the rest will rally to us. Murong Wei refused; they went in together anyway. Fu Jian asked, "After all I have done for you, why would you plot this?" Murong Wei answered with evasions. Su cried, "The realm comes before any personal debt—what does gratitude matter now!" Fu Jian killed Su first, then Murong Wei and his entire clan. Every Xianbei in the city—young or old, man or woman—was put to the sword. Murong Rou, Murong Chui's youngest son, had been raised as a ward in the eunuch Song Ya's household and so escaped punishment. He and Sheng, son of Crown Prince Bao, slipped out in the confusion and fled to Murong Chong.
102
燕慕容麟、慕容農合兵襲翟遼，大破之，遼單騎奔翟真。
Murong Lin and Murong Nong combined their forces, smashed Zhai Liao, and drove him off; Liao fled alone to join Zhai Zhen.
103
燕王垂以秦長樂公丕猶據鄴不去，乃更引兵圍鄴，開其西走之路。 焦逵見謝玄，玄欲征丕任子，然後出兵； 逵固陳丕款誠，並述楊膺之意，玄乃遣劉牢之、滕恬之等帥眾二萬救鄴。 丕告饑，玄水陸運米二千斛以饋之。
Because Fu Pi still held Ye and would not budge, Murong Chui returned to besiege the city, leaving the western road open for his escape. Jiao Kui met with Xie Xuan, who wanted Fu Pi's sons held as hostages before he would march; Kui earnestly vouched for Pi's good faith and conveyed Yang Ying's message; Xie Xuan then sent Liu Laozhi, Teng Tianzhi, and others with twenty thousand men to relieve Ye. When Pi reported famine, Xie Xuan shipped two thousand hu of grain to him by land and water.
104
秦梁州刺史潘猛棄漢中，奔長安。」」
Pan Meng, Qin's governor of Liangzhou, abandoned Hanzhong and fled to Chang'an.””