1
資治通鑑第115卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 115
2
卷第一百一十五
Volume 115
3
【晉紀三十七】起屠維作噩，盡上章鬮茂，凡二年。
[Jin Records 37] From Tuyu Zuo'e through Shangzhang Jiumao—two years in all.
4
安皇帝庚義熙五年（ 己酉，公元四零九年）
Emperor An, the fifth year of Yixi ( jiyou, AD 409)
5
春，正月，庚寅朔，南燕主超朝會群臣，歎太樂不備，議掠晉人以補伎。 領軍將軍韓言卓曰：「先帝以舊京傾覆，戢翼三齊。 陛下不養士息民，以伺魏釁，恢復先業，而更侵掠南鄰以廣仇敵，可乎！」 超曰：「我計已定，不與卿言。」
In spring, the first month, on the gengyin new moon, Southern Yan's ruler Murong Chao convened his ministers, lamented that the imperial music establishment was incomplete, and proposed raiding Jin territory to seize people to train as performers. General of the Household Guards Han Yanzhuo said, "When the old capital fell, the late emperor folded his wings in the Three Qis. Your Majesty does not nurture talent and let the people recover, watching for a chance against Wei to restore our forefathers' work, yet you would raid the southern neighbor and multiply our enemies—how can that be right?" Chao said, "My mind is made up. I have nothing more to say to you."
6
辛卯，大赦。
On xinmao, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
7
庚戌，以劉毅為衛將軍、開府儀同三司。 毅愛才好士，當世名流莫不輻湊，獨揚州主簿吳郡張邵不往。 或問之，邵曰：「主公命世人傑，何煩多問！」
On gengxu, Liu Yi was made General of the Guards with a grand marshal's staff and protocol equal to the Three Excellencies. Yi loved talent and honored men of learning, and every notable of the age flocked to him—only Zhang Shao of Wu, registrar of Yang province, stayed away. When someone asked why, Shao said, "Our lord is a hero of the age—why pester him with questions?"
8
秦王興遣其弟平北將軍沖、征虜將軍狄伯支等帥騎四萬擊夏王勃勃。 衝至嶺北，謀還襲長安，伯支不從而止； 因鴆殺伯支以滅口。
King Xing of Qin sent his younger brother Yao Chong, General Who Pacifies the North, and Di Bozhi, General Who Conquers Barbarians, with forty thousand cavalry to attack the Xia king Helian Bobo. Chong reached north of the mountains and plotted to turn back and strike Chang'an; Bozhi refused to go along, so Chong abandoned the plan; then he poisoned Bozhi to silence him.
9
秦王興遣使冊拜譙縱為大都督、相國、蜀王，加九錫，承製封拜，悉如王者之儀。
King Xing of Qin sent envoys to invest Qiao Zong as Grand Commander-in-Chief, Chancellor, and King of Shu, with the Nine Bestowals and authority to issue edicts and grant titles, with all the ceremony due a king.
10
二月，南燕將慕容興宗、斛谷提、公孫歸等帥騎寇宿豫，拔之，大掠而去，簡男女二千五百付太樂教之。 歸，五樓之兄也。 是時，五樓為侍中、尚書、領左衛將軍，專總朝政，宗親並居顯要，王公內外無不憚之。 南燕主超論宿豫之功，封斛谷提等並為郡、縣公。 桂林王鎮諫曰：「此數人者，勤民頓兵，為國結怨，何功而封？」 超怒，不答。 尚書都令史王儼諂事五樓，比歲屢遷，官至左丞。 國人為之語曰：「欲得侯，事五樓。」 超又遣公孫歸等寇濟南，俘男女千餘人而去。 自彭城以南，民皆堡聚以自固。 詔并州刺史劉道憐鎮淮陰以備之。
In the second month, Southern Yan generals Murong Xingzong, Hugu Ti, and Gongsun Gui led cavalry against Suyu, captured it, plundered the region, and withdrew with twenty-five hundred men and women selected for the imperial music office to train. Gui was the elder brother of Wulou. At this time Wulou was attendant-in-ordinary, master of writing, and commander of the Left Guards, monopolizing court affairs; his kinsmen all held high office, and everyone inside and outside the royal house feared him. Murong Chao reviewed the Suyu campaign and enfeoffed Hugu Ti and the others as commandery and county dukes. Prince of Guilin Murong Zhen remonstrated, "These men have exhausted the people and the army and earned the state's enmity—what merit warrants enfeoffment?" Chao was furious and gave no answer. Wang Yan, chief clerk of the Masters of Writing, curried favor with Wulou and was promoted year after year until he became left vice director. People said, "Want a marquisate? Serve Wulou." Chao again sent Gongsun Gui and others against Jinan; they seized more than a thousand men and women and withdrew. From Pengcheng southward, the people fortified stockades everywhere for self-defense. An edict ordered Liu Daolian, inspector of Bing province, to garrison Huaiyin against them.
11
乞伏熾磐入見秦太原公懿於上邽，彭奚念乘虛伐之。 熾磐聞之，怒，不告懿而歸，擊奚念，破之，遂圍枹罕。 乞伏乾歸從秦王興如平涼； 熾磐克枹罕，遣人告乾歸，乾歸逃還苑川。
Qifu Chipan went to Shanggui to see Yao Yi, Prince of Taiyuan of Qin; Peng Xinian attacked his territory while he was away. When Chipan heard, he was furious; without telling Yi, he marched home, defeated Xinian, and besieged Fuhan. Qifu Qian'gui had followed King Xing of Qin to Pingliang; Chipan captured Fuhan and sent word to Qian'gui, who fled back to Yuanchuan.
12
馮翊人劉厥聚眾數千，據萬年作亂，秦太子泓遣鎮軍將軍彭白狼帥東宮禁兵討之，斬厥，赦其餘黨。 諸將請露布，表言廣其首級。 泓不許，曰：「主上委吾後事，不能式遏寇逆，當責躬請罪，尚敢矜誕自為功乎！」
Liu Jue of Fengyi raised several thousand men, seized Wannian, and rebelled; Crown Prince Hong of Qin sent Peng Bailang, General Who Pacifies the Army, with the Eastern Palace guard to suppress him, beheaded Jue, and pardoned the rest of his followers. The generals asked to issue a victory bulletin and memorialize that more severed heads be displayed. Hong refused, saying, "The sovereign entrusted the rear to me, and I failed to stop the rebels—I should take the blame and beg punishment. How dare I boast and claim merit!"
13
秦王興自平涼如朝那，聞姚沖之謀，賜沖死。
King Xing of Qin went from Pingliang to Chaona; when he learned of Yao Chong's plot, he ordered Chong to take his own life.
14
三月，劉裕抗表伐南燕，朝議皆以為不可，惟左僕射孟昶、車騎司馬謝裕、參軍臧熹以為必克，勸裕行。 裕以昶監中軍留府事。 謝裕，安之兄孫也。
In the third month, Liu Yu memorialized the throne proposing a campaign against Southern Yan; court opinion overwhelmingly opposed it, but Left Vice Director Meng Chang, Chief of Staff to the Chariots and Cavalry Xie Yu, and army aide Zang Xi were convinced of victory and urged him to go. Yu left Chang in charge of central army affairs at headquarters. Xie Yu was a grandson of Xie An's elder brother.
15
初，苻氏之敗也，王猛之孫鎮惡來奔，以為臨澧令。 鎮惡騎乘非長，關弓甚弱，而有謀略，善果斷，喜論軍國大事。 或薦鎮惡於劉裕，裕與語，說之，因留宿。 明旦，謂參佐曰：「吾聞將門有將，鎮惡信然。」 即以為中軍參軍。
Earlier, when the Fu clan fell, Wang Zhen'e, grandson of Wang Meng, came as a refugee and was appointed magistrate of Linli. Zhen'e was a poor horseman and a weak archer, but he was resourceful, decisive, and loved to discuss military and state affairs. Someone recommended Zhen'e to Liu Yu; Yu talked with him, was delighted, and kept him overnight. The next morning he told his staff, "They say general's households breed generals—Zhen'e proves it." He immediately appointed him an aide on the central army staff.
16
恆山崩。
Mount Heng collapsed.
17
夏，四月，乞伏乾歸如枹罕，留世子熾磐鎮之，收其眾得二萬，徙都度堅山。
In summer, the fourth month, Qifu Qian'gui went to Fuhan, left his heir Chipan to garrison it, gathered twenty thousand troops from the region, and moved the capital to Dujianshan.
18
雷震魏天安殿東序。 魏主珪惡之，命左校以沖車攻東、西序，皆毀之。 初，珪服寒食散，久之，藥發，性多躁擾，忿怒無常，至是浸劇。 又災異數見，占者多言當有急變生肘腋。 珪憂懣不安，或數日不食，或達旦不寐，追計平生成敗得失，獨語不止。 疑群臣左右皆不可信，每百官奏事至前，追記其舊惡，輒殺之； 其餘或顏色變動，或鼻息不調，或步趨失節，或言辭差繆，皆以為懷惡在心，發形於外，往往以手擊殺之，死者皆陳天安殿前。 朝廷人不自保，百官苟免，莫相督攝； 盜賊公行，里巷之間，人為希少。 珪亦知之，曰：「朕故縱之使然，待過災年，當更清治之耳。」 是時，群臣畏罪，多不敢求親近，唯著作郎崔浩恭勤不懈，或終日不歸。 浩，吏部尚書宏之子也。 宏未嘗忤旨，亦不諂諛，故宏父子獨不被遣。
Lightning struck the eastern gallery of the Wei dynasty's Hall of Heavenly Peace. Emperor Gui of Wei took it as an ill omen and ordered the construction office to batter and destroy both the eastern and western galleries. Gui had long taken cold-food powder; over time the drug's effects worsened, leaving him restless, irritable, and prone to fits of rage—and now it grew worse. Omens and portents multiplied, and diviners mostly warned of sudden crisis at his elbow. Gui grew anxious and distraught, sometimes going days without eating or staying awake till dawn, reckoning life's gains and losses and muttering to himself without end. He suspected that none of his ministers or attendants could be trusted; whenever an official came to report, he would recall some old offense and kill him on the spot; others he killed for a change of expression, irregular breathing, an unsteady step, or a slip of the tongue, convinced that malice in the heart had betrayed itself in the body; he often beat them to death with his own hands, and the corpses were laid out before the Hall of Heavenly Peace. No one at court felt safe; officials merely tried to survive and no one supervised anyone else; bandits roamed openly, and the streets were nearly empty. Gui knew this too and said, "I let it happen on purpose; after the bad years pass, I will clean it up again." At this time most ministers, fearing for their lives, dared not stay near him—only Cui Hao, editorial director, served with unwavering diligence, sometimes not going home for a whole day. Hao was the son of Minister of the Civil Service Cui Hong. Hong had never defied an order, yet never flattered either; father and son alone were not driven away.
19
夏王勃勃帥騎二萬攻秦，掠取平涼雜胡七千餘戶，進屯依力川。
Xia king Helian Bobo led twenty thousand cavalry against Qin, seized more than seven thousand mixed Hu households from Pingliang, and encamped on the Yili River.
20
己巳，劉裕發建康，帥舟師自淮入泗。 五月，至下邳，留船艦、輜重，步進至琅邪。 所過皆築城，留兵守之。 或謂裕曰：「燕人若塞大峴之險，或堅壁清野，大軍深入，不唯無功，將不能自歸，奈何？」 裕曰：「吾慮之熟矣。 鮮卑貪婪，不知遠計，進利虜獲，退惜禾苗，謂我孤軍遠入，不能持久，不過進據臨朐，退守廣固，必不能守險清野，敢為諸君保之。」
On jisi, Liu Yu left Jiankang and led his fleet from the Huai into the Si. In the fifth month he reached Xiapi, left his ships and baggage, and marched on foot to Langye. Wherever he passed he built fortifications and left troops to hold them. Someone said to Yu, "If the Yan block the Da'xian pass or clear the countryside, your army will penetrate deep with no gain—and may not get home again. What then?" Yu said, "I have thought this through. The Xianbei are greedy and shortsighted; advancing they prize booty, retreating they pity the grain. They will think our lone army cannot endure a long campaign—at most they will advance to Linqu and fall back to Guanggu. They will never hold the passes and clear the countryside. I stake my word on it."
21
南燕主超聞有晉師，引群臣會議。 征虜將軍公孫五樓曰：「吳兵輕果，利在速戰，不可爭鋒。 宜據大峴，使不得入，曠日延時，沮其銳氣，然後徐簡精騎二千，循海而南，絕其糧道，別敕段暉帥兗州之眾，緣山東下，腹背擊之，此上策也。 各命守宰依險自固，校其資儲之外，餘悉焚蕩，芟除禾苗，使敵無所資，彼僑軍無食，求戰不得，旬月之間，可以坐制，此中策也。 縱賊入峴，出城逆戰，此下策也。」 超曰：「今歲星居齊，以天道推之，不戰自克。 客主勢殊，以人事言之，彼遠來疲弊，勢不能久。 吾據五州之地，擁富庶之民，鐵騎萬群，麥禾布野，奈何芟苗徙民，鮮自蹙弱乎！ 不如縱使入峴，以精騎蹂之，何憂不克！」 輔國將軍廣寧王賀賴盧苦諫不從，退謂五樓曰：「必若此，亡無日矣！」 太尉桂林王鎮曰：「陛下必以騎兵利平地者，宜出峴逆戰，戰而不勝，猶可退守，不宜縱敵為峴，自棄險固也。」 超不從。 鎮出，謂韓言卓曰：「主上既不能逆戰卻敵，又不肯徙民清野，延敵入腹，坐待攻圍，酷似劉璋矣。 今年國滅，吾必死之。 卿中華之士，復為文身矣。」 超聞之，大怒，收鎮下獄。 乃攝莒、梁父戌，修城隍，簡士馬，以待之。
When Murong Chao heard that Jin troops were coming, he summoned his ministers to council. General Who Conquers Barbarians Gongsun Wulou said, "Wu troops are light and swift and fight best in a quick battle—we must not meet them head-on. Hold Da'xian and keep them out, wear down their edge over time, then pick two thousand elite horsemen to follow the coast south and cut their supply line, while Duan Hui leads the Yanzhou forces down the mountains to strike them front and rear—that is the best plan. Order every magistrate to fortify the passes, burn everything beyond counted stores, and cut the grain so the enemy has nothing to live on; their expeditionary army will starve, cannot force battle, and within a month can be mastered without fighting—that is the middle plan. Let the enemy into the pass and meet them outside the walls—that is the worst plan." Chao said, "This year the Year Star stands in Qi; by Heaven's signs we prevail without fighting. Host and guest differ in strength; in human terms they have marched far, are exhausted, and cannot last. I hold five provinces, a rich people, ten thousand iron cavalry, and grain spread across the fields—why cut the crops and move the people and weaken ourselves! Better to let them through the pass and crush them with elite cavalry—why should we fail!" Prince of Guangling Helailu, General Who Assists the State, remonstrated bitterly in vain; withdrawing he told Wulou, "If it goes this way, we are doomed!" Grand Marshal Prince of Guilin Murong Zhen said, "If Your Majesty trusts cavalry on open ground, go out through the pass and fight; if you lose, you can still fall back—you should not let the enemy into the pass and throw away your strong positions." Chao would not listen. Zhen left and said to Han Yanzhuo, "Our lord will neither fight the enemy at the pass nor clear the countryside—he invites the enemy into our heartland and waits to be besieged. He is Liu Zhang all over again. This year the state falls—I shall die for it. You, a man of the Central States, will be tattooed barbarians again." When Chao heard, he was furious and had Zhen thrown into prison. He then reinforced the garrisons at Ju and Liangfu, repaired walls and moats, mustered troops and horses, and waited.
22
劉裕過大峴，燕兵不出。 裕舉手指天，喜形於色。 左右曰：「公未見敵而先喜，何也？」 裕曰：「兵已過險，士有必死之志； 餘糧棲畝，人無匱乏之憂。 虜已入吾掌中矣。」 六月，己巳，裕至東莞。 超先遣公孫五樓、賀賴盧及左將軍段暉等，將步騎五萬屯臨朐，聞晉兵入峴，自將步騎四萬往就之，使五樓帥騎進據巨蔑水。 前鋒孟龍符與戰，破之，五樓退走。 裕以車四千乘為左右翼，方軌徐進，與燕兵戰於臨朐南，日向昃，勝負猶未決。 參軍胡籓言於裕曰：「燕悉兵出戰，臨朐城中留守必寡，願以奇兵從間道取其城，此韓信所以破趙也。」 裕遣籓及諮議參軍檀韶、建威將軍河內向彌潛師出燕兵之後，攻臨朐，聲言輕兵自海道至矣，向彌擐甲先登，遂克之。 超大驚，單騎就段暉於城南。 裕因縱兵奮擊，燕眾大敗，斬段暉等大將十餘人，超遁還廣固，獲其玉璽、輦及豹尾。 裕乘勝逐北至廣固，丙子，克其大城，超收眾入保小城。 裕築長圍守之，圍高三丈，穿塹三重； 撫納降附，采拔賢俊，華、夷大悅。 於是因齊地糧儲，悉停江、淮漕運。
Liu Yu passed through Da'xian; the Yan troops did not appear. Yu raised his hand toward Heaven, joy plain on his face. His attendants said, "You rejoice before you have even seen the enemy—why?" Yu said, "The army has passed the danger; the men are ready to die; grain still stands in the fields; no one fears want. The enemy is already in the palm of my hand." In the sixth month, on jisi, Yu reached Dongguan. Chao had already sent Gongsun Wulou, Helailu, and Left General Duan Hui with fifty thousand foot and horse to camp at Linqu; when he heard Jin troops had entered the pass, he personally led forty thousand to join them and ordered Wulou forward with cavalry to hold the Jumei River. Vanguard Meng Longfu fought them, routed them, and Wulou fled. Yu formed four thousand chariots into left and right wings and advanced in steady ranks; he fought the Yan south of Linqu until late afternoon, and the outcome was still in doubt. Army aide Hu Fan said to Yu, "Yan have thrown everything into the field; Linqu must be lightly held. Let me take the city by a hidden path with a surprise force—this is how Han Xin broke Zhao." Yu sent Fan, consultant army aide Tan Shao, and Xiang Mi of Henei, General Who Establishes Might, with a hidden column behind the Yan army against Linqu, spreading word that light troops had come by sea; Xiang Mi armored himself and was first over the wall, and they took the city. Chao was terrified and rode alone to Duan Hui south of the city. Yu then unleashed his troops in a fierce assault; the Yan army was routed, and more than ten senior generals including Duan Hui were killed; Chao fled to Guanggu, and Yu seized his jade seal, imperial carriage, and leopard-tail banners. Yu pursued north to Guanggu; on bingzi he captured the outer city, and Chao withdrew into the inner citadel with his remaining troops. Yu built a long siege line with ramparts three zhang high and three rings of ditches; he welcomed defectors, recruited talented men, and both Chinese and non-Chinese were greatly pleased. He then relied on Qi's grain stores and halted all transport from the Jiang and Huai.
23
超遣尚書郎張綱乞師於秦，赦桂林王鎮，以為錄尚書、都督中外諸軍事，引見，謝之，且問計焉。 鎮曰：「百姓之心，繫於一人。 今陛下親董六師，奔敗而還。 群臣離心，士民喪氣。 聞秦人自有內患，恐不暇分兵救人。 散卒還者尚有數萬，宜悉出金帛以餌之，更決一戰。 若天命助我，必能破敵； 如其不然，死亦為美，比於閉門待盡，不猶愈乎！」 司徒樂浪王惠曰：「不然。 晉兵乘勝，氣勢百倍，我以敗軍之卒當之，不亦難乎！ 秦雖與勃勃相持，不足為患； 且與我分據中原，勢如脣齒，安得不來相救！ 但不遣大臣則不能得重兵，尚書令韓范為燕、秦所重，宜遣乞師。」 超從之。
Chao sent Master of Writing attendant Zhang Gang to Qin to beg for troops, pardoned Prince of Guilin Murong Zhen, appointed him recorder of the Masters of Writing and commander-in-chief of all armies, received him in audience, apologized, and asked his advice. Zhen said, "The people's hearts hang on one man. Your Majesty personally led the six armies and returned in defeat. The ministers are divided, and soldiers and civilians have lost heart. I hear Qin has troubles of its own and likely cannot spare troops to save us. Scattered soldiers who have returned still number in the tens of thousands—you should spend all your gold and silk to reward them and fight one more decisive battle. If Heaven aids us, we can surely break the enemy; if not, death is still honorable—is that not better than shutting the gates and waiting to die!" Minister over the Masses Prince of Lelang Murong Hui said, "Not so. Jin troops ride victory with momentum a hundredfold; we would meet them with defeated soldiers—is that not hopeless! Though Qin is locked in struggle with Bobo, that is no great worry; moreover we share the Central Plains between us, close as lips and teeth—how can they fail to rescue us! But unless they send a great minister they will not send a heavy army; Master of Writing Han Fan is esteemed by both Yan and Qin—you should send him to beg for troops." Chao agreed.
24
秋，七月，加劉裕北青、冀二州刺史。
In autumn, the seventh month, Liu Yu was additionally appointed inspector of Qing and Ji provinces north of the river.
25
南燕尚書略陽垣尊及弟京兆太守苗逾城來降，裕以為行參軍。 尊、苗皆超所委任以為腹心者也。
Southern Yan master of writing Yuan Zun of Liaoyang and his younger brother Miao, administrator of Jingzhao, climbed the wall to surrender; Yu made them acting army aides. Zun and Miao were both men Chao had trusted as his inner circle.
26
或謂裕曰：「張綱有巧思，若得綱使為攻具，廣固必可拔也。」 會綱自長安還，太山太守申宣執之，送於裕。 裕升綱於樓車，使周城呼曰：「劉勃勃大破秦軍，無兵相救。」 城中莫不失色。 江南每發兵及遣使者至廣固，裕輒潛遣兵夜迎之，明日，張旗鳴鼓而至，北方之民執兵負糧歸裕者，日以千數。 圍城益急，張華、封愷皆為裕所獲，超請割大峴以南地為籓臣，裕不許。
Someone said to Yu, "Zhang Gang is ingenious—if you get him to build siege engines, Guanggu can surely be taken." As it happened Gang returned from Chang'an; Mount Tai administrator Shen Xuan seized him and sent him to Yu. Yu raised Gang on a tower cart and had him call around the walls, "Helian Bobo has routed the Qin army; no troops can save you." Everyone in the city turned pale. Whenever the south sent troops or envoys to Guanggu, Yu secretly sent men by night to meet them; the next day they arrived with banners raised and drums beating—northerners coming to Yu with arms and grain numbered thousands each day. The siege tightened; Zhang Hua and Feng Kai were captured by Yu; Chao offered to cede all land south of Da'xian and become a vassal—Yu refused.
27
秦王興遣使謂裕曰：「慕容氏相與鄰好，今晉攻之急，秦已遣鐵騎十萬屯洛陽； 晉軍不還，當長驅而進。」 裕呼秦使者謂曰：「語汝姚興：我克燕之後，息兵三年，當取關、洛。 今能自送，便可速來！」 劉穆之聞有秦使，馳入見裕，而秦使者已去。 裕以所言告穆之，穆之尤之曰：「常日事無大小，必賜預謀，此宜善詳，去何遽爾答之！ 此語不足以威敵，適足以怒之。 若廣固未下，羌寇奄至，不審何以待之？」 裕笑曰：「此是兵機，非卿所解，故不相語耳。 夫兵貴神速，彼若審能赴救，必畏我知，寧容先遣信命，逆設此言！ 是自張大之辭也。 晉師不出，為日久矣。 羌見伐齊，始將內懼。 自保不暇，何能救人邪！」
King Xing of Qin sent an envoy to Yu, "The Murong clan and we are friendly neighbors; Jin presses hard in attack—Qin has already sent one hundred thousand iron cavalry to camp at Luoyang; if Jin troops do not withdraw, we shall drive forward at full speed." Yu called the Qin envoy and said, "Tell your Yao Xing: after I take Yan I shall rest the armies three years, then take Guanzhong and Luoyang. If you want to deliver yourselves now, come quickly!" Liu Muzhi, hearing there was a Qin envoy, galloped in to see Yu, but the envoy had already left. Yu told Muzhi what he had said; Muzhi reproached him, "On ordinary days you consult me on everything great and small—this deserved careful thought; why answer so hastily as he left! Those words will not awe the enemy—they will only anger him. If Guanggu is not yet taken and Qiang raiders arrive suddenly, how will you deal with it?" Yu smiled and said, "This is military timing—not something you understand, which is why I did not tell you. In war speed is precious; if they could truly rescue Yan, they would fear we knew—why send envoys first with this bluff! This is empty bluster. Jin armies have not marched out for a long time. The Qiang, seeing us attack Qi, will begin to fear for themselves. They cannot even save themselves—how can they save others!"
28
乞伏乾歸復即秦王位，大赦，改元更始，公卿以下皆復本位。
Qifu Qian'gui again assumed the title King of Qin, proclaimed a general amnesty, changed the era name to Gengshi, and all officials from dukes and ministers down resumed their original posts.
29
慕容氏在魏者百餘家，謀逃去，魏主珪盡殺之。
More than a hundred Murong households in Wei plotted to flee; Emperor Gui of Wei had them all killed.
30
初，魏太尉穆崇與衛王儀伏甲謀弒魏主珪，不果； 珪惜崇、儀之功，秘而不問。 及珪有疾，多殺大臣，儀自疑而出亡，追獲之。 八月，賜儀死。
Earlier, Wei grand marshal Mu Chong and Prince of Wei Murong Yi had plotted to assassinate Emperor Gui with hidden armed men, but failed; Gui valued their merit and kept the matter secret. When Gui fell ill and killed many ministers, Yi grew suspicious and fled; he was pursued and captured. In the eighth month, Yi was ordered to take his own life.
31
封融詣劉裕降。
Feng Rong went to Liu Yu and surrendered.
32
九月，加劉裕太尉，裕固辭。
In the ninth month, Liu Yu was offered the post of grand marshal; Yu firmly declined.
33
秦王興自將擊夏王勃勃，至貳城，遣安遠將軍姚詳等分督租運。 勃勃乘虛奄至，興懼，欲輕騎就詳等。 右僕射韋華曰：「若鑾輿一動，眾心駭懼，必不戰自潰，詳營亦未必可至也。」 興與勃勃戰，秦兵大敗，將軍姚榆生為勃勃所擒，左將軍姚文宗等力戰，勃勃乃退，興還長安。 勃勃復攻秦敕奇堡、黃石固、我羅城，皆拔之，徙七千餘家於大城，以其丞相右地代領幽州牧以鎮之。
King Xing of Qin personally led an attack on Xia king Helian Bobo, reached Ercheng, and sent Yao Xiang, General Who Pacifies the Distance, and others to oversee grain transport in separate divisions. Bobo seized the moment and struck suddenly; Xing was afraid and wished to ride with light cavalry to join Xiang. Right Vice Director Wei Hua said, "If the imperial carriage moves, the army will panic and collapse without fighting, and Xiang's camp may not be reachable either." Xing fought Bobo; the Qin army was routed; General Yao Yusheng was captured; Left General Yao Wenzong and others fought fiercely until Bobo withdrew; Xing returned to Chang'an. Bobo again attacked the Qin forts Chiqibao, Huangshigu, and Woluocheng, took them all, moved more than seven thousand households to Dacheng, and had his chancellor Youdidai serve as governor of You province to garrison the region.
34
初，興遣衛將軍姚強帥步騎一萬，隨韓范往就姚紹於洛陽，並兵以救南燕，及為勃勃所敗，追強兵還長安。 韓范歎曰：「天滅燕矣！」 南燕尚書張俊自長安還，降於劉裕，因說裕曰：「燕人所恃者，謂韓范必能致秦師也，今得范以示之，燕必降矣。」 裕乃表範為散騎常侍，且以書招之，長水校尉王蒲勸范奔秦，范曰：「劉裕起布衣，滅桓玄，復晉室； 今興師伐燕，所向崩潰，此殆天授，非人力也。 燕亡，則秦為之次矣，吾不可以再辱。」 遂降於裕。 裕將范循城，城中人情離沮。 或勸燕主超誅范家，超以范弟言卓盡忠無貳，並范家赦之。
Earlier, Xing had sent Yao Qiang, General of the Guards, with ten thousand foot and horse to follow Han Fan and join Yao Shao at Luoyang to rescue Southern Yan; when Xing was defeated by Bobo, Qiang's troops were recalled to Chang'an. Han Fan sighed, "Heaven is destroying Yan!" Southern Yan master of writing Zhang Jun returned from Chang'an and surrendered to Liu Yu, telling him, "The Yan rely on the belief that Han Fan can bring Qin troops; show them Fan in captivity and Yan will surrender." Yu memorialized Fan as attendant cavalier at large and sent a letter to win him; Colonel of the Changshui Wang Pu urged Fan to flee to Qin; Fan said, "Liu Yu rose from common birth, destroyed Huan Xuan, and restored the Jin house; now he campaigns against Yan and wherever he goes armies collapse—this is Heaven's gift, not human power. When Yan falls, Qin will be next—I cannot suffer disgrace twice." He then surrendered to Yu. Yu paraded Fan around the walls; morale in the city collapsed. Someone urged Murong Chao to execute Fan's family; Chao, because Fan's younger brother Yanzhuo had been utterly loyal, pardoned the whole Fan family.
35
冬，十月，段宏自魏奔於裕。
In winter, the tenth month, Duan Hong fled from Wei to Liu Yu.
36
張綱為裕造攻具，盡諸奇巧。 超怒，縣綱母於城上，支解之。
Zhang Gang built siege engines for Yu with every sort of ingenious device. Chao was enraged, hung Gang's mother on the wall, and dismembered her.
37
西秦王乾歸立夫人邊氏為王后，世子熾磐為太子，仍命熾磐都督中外諸軍、錄尚書事。 以屋引破光為河州刺史，鎮枹罕； 以南安焦遺為太子太師，與參軍國大謀。 乾歸曰：「焦生非特名儒，乃王佐之才也。」 謂熾磐曰：「汝事之當如事吾。」 熾磐拜遺於床下。 遺子華至孝，乾歸欲以女妻之，辭曰：「凡娶妻者，欲與之共事二親也。 今以王姬之貴，下嫁蓬茅之士，誠非其匹，臣懼其闕於中饋，非所願也。」 乾歸曰：「卿之所行，古人之事，孤女不足以強卿。」 乃以為尚書民部郎。
Western Qin king Qian'gui installed Lady Bian as queen and his heir Chipan as crown prince, and ordered Chipan to command all armies and record Masters of Writing affairs. He made Wuyin Poguang governor of He province to garrison Fuhan; he made Jiao Yi of Nan'an grand tutor to the heir and had him join the army aide in state planning. Qian'gui said, "Master Jiao is not only a famous Confucian—he has the talent to assist a king." He told Chipan, "Serve him as you serve me." Chipan bowed to Yi below the couch. Yi's son Hua was deeply filial; Qian'gui wished to give him his daughter in marriage; Hua declined, saying, "One takes a wife to share in serving both parents. Now a royal princess marrying down to a humble scholar is truly no match; I fear she would fail in household duties—it is not what I wish." Qian'gui said, "What you do is the conduct of the ancients; my daughter is not enough to force you." He then made him master of writing for the people's section.
38
北燕王雲自以無功德而居大位，內懷危懼，常畜養壯士以為腹心爪牙。 寵臣離班、桃仁專典禁衛，賞賜以巨萬計，衣食起居皆與之同，而班、仁志願無厭，猶有怨憾。 戊辰，雲臨東堂，班、仁懷劍執紙而入，稱有所啟。 班抽劍擊雲，雲以幾扞之，仁從旁擊雲，弒之。
Northern Yan king Murong Yun, believing himself without merit yet holding the throne, lived in inward fear and constantly kept strong men as his inner guard. Favored ministers Li Ban and Tao Ren alone controlled the palace guard; rewards ran to tens of thousands, and they shared Yun's food, clothing, and daily life—yet Ban and Ren were never satisfied and still harbored resentment. On wuchen, Yun came to the Eastern Hall; Ban and Ren entered with swords and paper, saying they had something to report. Ban drew his sword and struck Yun; Yun warded him off with a table; Ren struck Yun from the side and assassinated him.
39
馮跋升洪光門以觀變，帳下督張泰、李桑言於跋曰：「此豎勢何所至，請為公斬之！」 乃奮劍而下，桑斬班於西門，泰殺仁於庭中。 眾推跋為主，跋以讓其弟范陽公素弗，素弗不可。 跋乃即天王位於昌黎，大赦，詔曰：「陳氏代姜，不改齊國。 宜即國號曰燕。」 改元太平，謚雲曰惠懿皇帝。 跋尊母張氏為太后，立妻孫氏為王后，子永為太子，以范陽公素弗為車騎大將軍、錄尚書事，孫護為尚書令，張興為左僕射，汲郡公弘為右僕射，廣川公萬泥為幽、平二州牧，上谷公乳陳為並、青二州牧。 素弗少豪俠放蕩，嘗請婚於尚書左丞韓業，業拒之。 及為宰輔，待業尤厚。 好申拔舊門，謙恭儉約，以身帥下，百僚憚之，論者美其有宰相之度。 魏主珪將立齊王嗣為太子。 魏故事，凡立嗣子，輒先殺其母，乃賜嗣母劉貴人死。 珪召嗣諭之曰：「漢武帝殺鉤弋夫人，以防母后預政，外家為亂也。 汝當繼統，吾故遠跡古人，為國家長久之計耳。」 嗣性孝，哀泣不自勝。 珪怒之。 嗣還捨，日夜號泣，珪知而復召之。 左右曰：「上怒甚，入將不測，不如且避之，俟上怒解而入。」 嗣乃逃匿於外，帷帳下代人車路頭、京兆王洛兒二人隨之。
Feng Ba ascended the Hongguang Gate to observe the disturbance; tent supervisors Zhang Tai and Li Sang said to Ba, "Where can these villains go—let us behead them for you!" They seized their swords and came down; Sang beheaded Ban at the western gate, Tai killed Ren in the courtyard. The crowd urged Ba as ruler; Ba yielded to his younger brother Sufu, Duke of Fanyang, and Sufu refused. Ba then assumed the Heavenly King throne at Changli, proclaimed a general amnesty, and issued an edict, "When the Chen clan replaced the Jiang, they did not change the state of Qi. We should take the state name Yan." He changed the era name to Taiping and gave Yun the posthumous title Emperor Huiyi. Ba honored his mother Lady Zhang as empress dowager, installed his wife Lady Sun as queen and his son Yong as crown prince, made Sufu, Duke of Fanyang, general of chariots and cavalry and recorder of the Masters of Writing, Sun Hu master of writing, Zhang Xing left vice director, Hong, Duke of Ji, right vice director, Wanni, Duke of Guangchuan, governor of You and Ping provinces, and Ruchen, Duke of Shanggu, governor of Bing and Qing provinces. Sufu in youth was bold and unrestrained; he once asked to marry the daughter of Han Ye, left vice director of the Masters of Writing, and Ye refused. When he became chief minister, he treated Ye with especial generosity. He liked to promote old families, was humble and frugal, led subordinates by example, the officials feared him, and commentators praised him as having a chancellor's measure. Emperor Gui of Wei was about to install Prince of Qi Murong Si as crown prince. By Wei precedent, whenever an heir was installed, his mother was first killed; therefore Si's mother, Lady Liu, was ordered to die. Gui summoned Si and told him, "Emperor Wu of Han killed Lady Gouyi to prevent the empress dowager from interfering in government and the maternal kin from causing disorder. You are to succeed to the throne; I follow the ancients for the state's long-term good." Si was filial by nature and wept uncontrollably. Gui was angry with him. Si returned to his quarters and wept day and night; Gui learned of it and summoned him again. His attendants said, "The sovereign is very angry; if you go in the outcome is unpredictable—better avoid him until his anger eases." Si then fled and hid outside; two of his tent guards, Chelutou of Dairen and Wang Luo'er of Jingzhao, went with him.
40
初，珪如賀蘭部，見獻明賀太后之妹美，言於賀太后，請納之。 賀太后曰：「不可。 是過美，必有不善。 且已有夫，不可奪也。」 珪密令人殺其夫而納之，生清河王紹。 紹凶很無賴，好輕游里巷，劫剝行人以為樂。 珪怒之，嘗倒懸井中，垂死，乃出之。 齊王嗣屢誨責之，紹由是與嗣不協。
Earlier, when Gui visited the Helan tribe, he saw that Empress Dowager He Xianming's younger sister was beautiful; he spoke to the empress dowager and asked to take her as consort. Empress Dowager He said, "No. She is too beautiful; something ill must come of it. Besides, she already has a husband—you must not take her from him." Gui secretly had her husband killed and took her in; she bore Prince of Qinghe Shao. Shao was savage and worthless; he liked to roam the streets, robbing passersby for amusement. Gui was furious with him; once he hung him head-down in a well until he was nearly dead, then pulled him out. Prince of Qi Si repeatedly admonished and rebuked him; from this Shao and Si were at odds.
41
戊辰，珪譴責賀夫人，囚，將殺之。 會日暮，未決。 夫人密使告紹曰：「汝何以救我？」 左右以珪殘忍，人人危懼。 紹年十六，夜，與帳下及宦者宮人數人通謀，逾垣入宮，至天安殿。 左右呼曰：「賊至！」 珪驚起，求弓刀不獲，遂弒之。
On wuchen, Gui rebuked Lady He, had her imprisoned, and was about to execute her. Evening came, and no decision had been reached. The lady secretly sent word to Shao: "How will you save me?" Those around them, knowing Gui's cruelty, all lived in dread. Shao was sixteen; that night he secretly conspired with several tent guards, eunuchs, and palace women, scaled the palace wall, and reached the Tian'an Hall. Those beside him cried, "Bandits!" Gui started up in alarm, searched for bow and blade but found none, and was assassinated.
42
己巳，宮門至日中不開。 紹稱詔，集百官於端門前，北面立。 紹從門扉間謂百官曰：「我有叔父，亦有兄，公卿欲從誰？」 眾愕然失色，莫有對者。 良久，南平公長孫嵩曰：「從王。」 眾乃知宮車晏駕，而不測其故，莫敢出聲，唯陰平公烈大哭而去。 烈，儀之弟也。 於是朝野恟恟，人懷異志。 肥如侯賀護舉烽於安陽城北，賀蘭部人皆赴之，其餘諸部亦各屯聚。 紹聞人情不安，大出布帛賜王已下，崔宏獨不受。
On jisi, the palace gates stayed shut until noon. Shao, claiming an imperial edict, gathered the officials before the Duan Gate and had them stand facing north. From between the gate leaves Shao said to the officials, "I have an uncle and I have an elder brother—which do you lords and ministers mean to follow?" All were stunned and turned pale; no one replied. After a long silence, Changsun Song, Duke of Nanping, said, "We follow the prince." The crowd then knew the emperor was dead, but could not guess why; none dared speak—only Lie, Duke of Yinping, wept aloud and left. Lie was Yi's younger brother. Then court and countryside were in uproar, and men nursed private designs. He Hu, Marquis of Feiru, raised beacon fires north of Anyang; Helan tribesmen all rallied to him, and the other tribes likewise gathered and encamped. When Shao heard the people were unsettled, he distributed cloth and silk lavishly to princes and all below; Cui Hong alone refused.
43
齊王嗣聞變，乃自外還，晝伏匿山中，夜宿王洛兒家。 洛兒鄰人李道潛奉給嗣，民間頗知之，喜而相告； 紹聞之，收道，斬之。 紹募人求訪嗣，欲殺之。 獵郎叔孫俊與宗室疏屬拓跋磨渾自雲知嗣所在，紹使帳下二人與之偕往； 俊、靡渾得出，即執帳下詣嗣，斬之。 俊，建之子也。 王洛兒為嗣往來平城，通問大臣，夜，告安遠將軍安同等。 眾聞之，翕然響應，爭出奉迎。 嗣至城西，衛士執紹送之。 嗣殺紹及其母賀氏，並誅紹帳下及宦官宮人為內應者十餘人。 其先犯乘輿者，群臣臠食之。
Prince of Qi Si, hearing of the coup, came back from outside; by day he hid in the mountains, by night he stayed at Wang Luo'er's house. Luo'er's neighbor Li Daosqian secretly supplied Si; word spread among the people, who rejoiced and told one another; Shao heard of it, seized Dao, and executed him. Shao recruited men to hunt for Si, intending to kill him. Hunting officer Shusun Jun and a distant imperial kinsman, Tuoba Mo Hun, claimed to know where Si was; Shao sent two tent guards to go with them; Jun and Mo Hun got away, seized the tent guards, brought them to Si, and had them executed. Jun was Jian's son. Wang Luo'er traveled back and forth to Pingcheng for Si, contacting the great ministers; at night he informed General Who Pacifies the Distant An Tong. When word spread, men responded as one and rushed out to welcome him. When Si reached the west of the city, the guards seized Shao and brought him in. Si killed Shao and his mother Lady He, and executed more than ten of Shao's tent guards and eunuch palace women who had served as inside accomplices. Those who had first laid hands on the imperial carriage—the ministers cut their flesh and ate it.
44
壬申，嗣即皇帝位，大赦，改元永興。 追尊劉貴人曰宣穆皇后，公卿先罷歸第不預朝政者，悉召用之。 詔長孫嵩與北新侯安同、山陽侯奚斤、白馬侯崔宏、元城侯拓跋屈等八人坐止車門右，共聽朝政，時人謂之八公。 屈，磨渾之父也。 嗣以尚書燕鳳逮事什翼犍使與都坐大官封懿等入侍講論，出議政事。 以王洛兒、車路頭為散騎常侍，叔孫俊為衛將軍，拓跋磨渾為尚書，皆賜爵郡、縣公。 嗣問舊臣為先帝所親信者為誰，王洛兒言李先。 嗣召問先：「卿以何才何功為先帝所知？」 對曰：「臣不才無功，但以忠直為先帝所知耳。」 詔以先為安東將軍，常宿於內，以備顧問。 朱提王悅，虔之子也，有罪，自疑懼。 閏十一月，丁亥，悅懷匕首入侍，將作亂。 叔孫俊覺其舉止有異，引手掣之，索懷中，得匕首，遂殺之。
On renshen, Si took the throne, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era name to Yongxing. He posthumously honored Lady Liu as Empress Xuanmu; all lords and ministers who had been sent home and excluded from court were summoned back to office. An edict seated Changsun Song, An Tong Marquis of Beixin, Xi Jin Marquis of Shanyang, Cui Hong Marquis of Baima, Tuoba Qu Marquis of Yuancheng, and eight others to the right of the Chariot-Halting Gate to hear court affairs together; people called them the Eight Lords. Qu was Mo Hun's father. Si had Master of Writing Yan Feng, who had long served Shiyi Jian, enter attendance with Chief Director of the Great Office Feng Yi and others to lecture and debate, then go out to discuss state affairs. He made Wang Luo'er and Chelutou regular attendants, Shusun Jun defender general, and Tuoba Mo Hun master of writing, and enfeoffed them all as commandery and county dukes. Si asked which old ministers the late emperor had trusted; Wang Luo'er named Li Xian. Si summoned Xian and asked, "By what talent and what merit did the late emperor know you?" He replied, "Your servant has no talent and no merit; the late emperor knew me only for loyalty and straight dealing." An edict made him General Who Pacifies the East; he lodged constantly within the palace to be consulted. Yue, Prince of Zhuti, was Qian's son; he had committed offenses and lived in fear. In the intercalary eleventh month, on dinghai, Yue hid a dagger in his robe and entered attendance, intending to rebel. Shusun Jun noticed his manner was strange, grabbed him, searched his robe, found the dagger, and killed him.
45
十二月，乙巳，太白犯虛、危。 南燕靈台令張光勸南燕主超出降，超手殺之。
In the twelfth month, on yisi, Venus infringed on the Xu and Wei asterisms. Zhang Guang, director of the observatory of Southern Yan, urged Southern Yan's ruler Murong Chao to surrender; Chao killed him with his own hand.
46
柔然侵魏。
The Rouran invaded Wei.
47
安皇帝庚義熙六年（ 庚戌，公元四一零年）
Emperor An, the sixth year of Yixi ( gengxu, AD 410)
48
春，正月，甲寅朔，南燕主超登天門，朝群臣於城上。 乙卯，超與寵姬魏夫人登城，見晉兵之盛，握手對泣。 韓言卓諫曰：「陛下遭堙厄之運，正當努力自強以壯士民之志，而更為兒女子泣邪！」 超拭目謝之。 尚書令董銑勸超降，超怒，囚之。
In spring, the first month, on the jiayin new moon, Southern Yan's ruler Murong Chao ascended the Heavenly Gate and held court with his ministers atop the wall. On yimao, Chao and his favored concubine Lady Wei went up on the wall, saw how strong the Jin army was, clasped hands, and wept together. Han Yanzhuo remonstrated, "Your Majesty faces a time of buried calamity; you should exert yourself to strengthen the resolve of officers and people—yet you weep like women and children!" Chao wiped his eyes and apologized. Master of Writing Dong Xuan urged Chao to surrender; Chao was furious and had him imprisoned.
49
魏長孫嵩將兵伐柔然。
Changsun Song of Wei led troops against the Rouran.
50
魏主嗣以郡縣豪右多為民患，悉以優詔征之。 民戀土不樂內徙，長吏逼遣之，於是無賴少年逃亡相聚，所在寇盜群起。 嗣引八公議之曰：「朕欲為民除蠹，而守宰不能綏撫，使之紛亂。 今犯者既眾，不可盡誅，吾欲大赦以安之，何如？」 元城侯屈曰：「民逃亡為盜，不罪而赦之，是為上者反求於下也，不如誅其首惡，赦其餘黨。」 崔宏曰：「聖王之御民，務在安之而已，不與之較勝負也。 夫赦雖非正，可以行權。 屈欲先誅後赦，要為兩不能去，曷若一赦而遂定乎！ 赦而不從，誅未晚也。」 嗣從之。 二月，癸未朔，遣將軍於栗磾將騎一萬討不從命者，所向皆平。
Emperor Si of Wei, because powerful local families in the commanderies and counties were often a pest to the people, summoned them all with gracious edicts. The people were attached to their lands and did not wish to move inward; local officials forced them to go; worthless youths fled and banded together, and bandit raids broke out everywhere. Si convened the Eight Lords and said, "I wished to rid the people of pests, yet the prefects and magistrates could not soothe them and caused disorder instead. Now the offenders are too many to execute all; I wish to proclaim a general amnesty to settle them—what do you think?" Qu, Marquis of Yuancheng, said, "When people flee and turn bandit, to pardon without punishing is for those above to seek favor from those below; better to execute the ringleaders and pardon the rest." Cui Hong said, "A sage king governs the people by settling them—not by contesting victory and defeat with them. A pardon, though not orthodox, may be used as an expedient. Qu wants to execute first and pardon after—in the end you cannot have both; why not one pardon and settle it at once! If they do not obey after pardon, execution will not be too late." Si followed this advice. In the second month, on the guiwei new moon, he sent General Yu Libi at the head of ten thousand horse to punish those who would not obey; wherever he went, all was pacified.
51
南燕賀賴盧、公孫五樓為地道出擊晉兵，不能卻。 城久閉，城中男女病腳弱者太半，出降者相繼。 超輦而登城，尚書悅壽說超曰：「今天助寇為虐，戰士調瘁，獨守窮城，絕望外援，天時人事亦可知矣。 苟歷數有終，堯、舜避位，陛下豈可不思變通之計乎！」 超歎曰：「廢興，命也。 吾寧奮劍而死，不能銜璧而生！」
Southern Yan's He Lu and Gongsun Wulou dug a tunnel and sallied against the Jin army but could not drive them back. The city had long been shut; more than half the men and women inside were sick or lame; those who came out to surrender followed one after another. Chao was carried in a carriage up onto the wall; Master of Writing Yue Shou urged him, "Today Heaven aids the invaders; the warriors are exhausted; you stand alone in a doomed city with no hope of outside relief—the signs of Heaven and men alike are clear. If the allotted span has its end, Yao and Shun yielded the throne—can Your Majesty not consider some adaptive plan!" Chao sighed and said, "Rise and fall are fate. I would rather die with sword in hand than live holding jade in surrender!"
52
丁亥，劉裕悉眾攻城。 或曰：「今日往亡，不利行師。」 裕曰：「我往彼亡，何為不利！」 四面急攻之。 悅壽開門納晉師，超與左右數十騎逾城突圍出走，追獲之。 裕數以不降之罪，超神色自若，一無所言，惟以母托劉敬宣而已。 裕忿廣固久不下，欲盡坑之，以妻女以賞將士。 韓范諫曰：「晉室南遷，中原鼎沸，士民無援，強則附之，既為君臣，必須為之盡力。 彼皆衣冠舊族，先帝遺民； 今王師吊伐而盡坑之，使安所歸乎！ 竊恐西北之人無復來蘇之望矣。」 裕改容謝之，然猶斬王公以下三千人，沒入家口萬餘，夷其城隍，送超詣建康，斬之。
On dinghai, Liu Yu led all his forces to assault the city. Someone said, "Today is wang-wang—an inauspicious day for moving troops." Yu said, "I go, they perish—what is unfavorable about that!" They pressed the attack on all four sides. Yue Shou opened the gate and admitted the Jin army; Chao broke out over the wall with several dozen horsemen of his entourage, but was pursued and captured. Yu repeatedly denounced him for not surrendering; Chao's expression was calm and he said nothing—only entrusting his mother to Liu Jingxuan. Yu, furious that Guanggu had held out so long, wished to slaughter the entire population and give wives and daughters as rewards to his officers and soldiers. Han Fan remonstrated, "The Jin house moved south; the central plains seethed; scholars and people had no aid; the strong attached themselves—and once subject and ruler, they had to serve with full effort. They were all old gentry families, surviving people of the former emperors; now the royal army comes in punitive relief yet would slaughter them all—where would they turn! I fear the people of the northwest would have no further hope of revival." Yu changed expression and apologized, yet still executed three thousand from kings and dukes downward, confiscated more than ten thousand household members, razed the walls and moat, sent Chao to Jiankang, and executed him.
53
臣光曰：晉自濟江以來，威靈不競，戎狄橫騖，虎噬中原。 劉裕始勸王師剪平東夏，不於此際旌禮賢俊，慰撫疲民，宣愷悌之風，滌殘穢之政，使群士向風，遺黎企踵，而更恣行屠戮以快忿心。 跡其施設，曾苻、姚之不如，宜其不能蕩壹四海，成美大之業，豈非雖有智勇而無仁義使之然哉！
Master Guang said: Since Jin crossed the river, its majesty and power have waned; Rong and Di rampaged freely; tigers devoured the central plains. When Liu Yu first urged the royal army to cut down and pacify the eastern Xia, he did not at this juncture honor worthy men, comfort the exhausted people, proclaim a spirit of kindness and forbearance, and wash away corrupt policy so the gentry would turn toward him and the surviving masses raise their heels in hope—instead he wantonly slaughtered to satisfy his wrath. Tracing his measures, he did not even match Fu Jian and Yao Xing; it is fitting he could not sweep unity across the four seas and accomplish a great enterprise—is it not that though he had wisdom and courage, lacking benevolence and righteousness made it so!
54
初，徐道覆聞劉裕北伐，勸盧循乘虛襲建康，循不從。 道覆自至番禺說循曰：「本住嶺外，豈以理極於此，傳之子孫邪？ 正以劉裕難與為敵故也。 今裕頓兵堅城之下，未有還期，我以此思歸死士掩擊何、劉之徒，如反掌耳。 不乘此機，而苟求一日之安，朝廷常以君為腹心之疾； 若裕平齊之後，息甲歲餘，以璽書征君，裕自將屯豫章，遣諸將帥銳師過嶺，雖復以將軍之神武，恐必不能當也。 今日之機，萬不可失。 若先克建康，傾其根蒂。 裕雖南還，無能為也。 君若不同，便當帥始興之眾直指尋陽。」 循甚不樂此舉，而無以奪其計，乃從之。
Earlier, Xu Daofu heard Liu Yu was campaigning north and urged Lu Xun to exploit the opening and strike Jiankang; Xun would not listen. Daofu himself went to Panyu and said to Xun, "We originally dwelt beyond the ranges—do you think reason reaches this point and passes to sons and grandsons? It is precisely because Liu Yu is hard to match as an enemy. Now Yu's army is stalled beneath stout walls with no date of return; with this I would gather home-yearning warriors willing to die and strike He and Liu—it would be like turning the palm. If you do not seize this opportunity but seek only a day's peace, the court constantly treats you as a disease of the heart and belly; If Yu pacifies Qi and then rests the army for more than a year, sends an imperial summons, personally encamps at Yuzhang, and dispatches generals with crack troops across the ranges—even with your martial prowess, I fear you could not withstand him. Today's opportunity must not be missed. If we take Jiankang first, we will uproot the dynasty itself. Even if Yu returns south, he will be powerless. If you will not agree, I shall lead the Shixing forces straight against Xunyang." Xun was deeply unhappy with the plan, but could not talk him out of it, and so went along.
55
初，道覆使人伐船材於南康山，至始興，賤賣之，居人爭市之，船材大積而人不疑，至是，悉取以裝艦，旬日而辦。 循自始興寇長沙，道覆寇南康、廬陵、豫章，諸守相皆委任奔走。 道覆順流而下，舟械甚盛。
Earlier, Daofu had timber cut for ships on Mount Nankang; when it reached Shixing, he sold it cheaply, and locals snapped it up. Timber piled up without arousing suspicion; now he took it all to build warships, and within ten days the fleet was ready. Xun raided Changsha from Shixing while Daofu struck Nankang, Luling, and Yuzhang; prefects and chancellors everywhere abandoned their posts and fled. Daofu sailed downstream with an imposing fleet.
56
時克燕之問未至，朝廷急征劉裕。 裕方議留鎮下邳，經營司、雍，會得詔書，乃以韓范為都督八郡軍事、燕郡太守，封融為勃海太守，檀韶為琅邪太守，戊申，引兵還。 韶，祗之兄也。 久之，劉穆之稱范、融謀反，皆殺之。
Word that Yan had fallen had not yet arrived when the court urgently recalled Liu Yu. Yu had been planning to stay and garrison Xiapi while securing Si and Yong when an edict arrived; he appointed Han Fan to command military affairs in eight commanderies and govern Yan, Feng Rong to govern Bohai, and Tan Shao to govern Langye, then on wushen marched his army home. Shao was Zhi's elder brother. Before long, Liu Muzhi accused Fan and Rong of plotting rebellion, and both were executed.
57
安成忠肅公何無忌自尋陽引兵拒盧循。 長史鄧潛之諫曰：「國家安危，在此一舉。 聞循兵艦大盛。 勢居上流，宜決南塘，守二城以待之，彼必不敢捨我遠下。 蓄力養銳，俟其疲老，然後擊之，此萬全之策也。 今決成敗於一戰，萬一失利，悔將無及！」 參軍殷闡曰：「循所將之眾皆三吳舊賊，百戰餘勇，始興溪子，拳捷善鬥，未易輕也。 將軍宜留屯豫章，徵兵屬城，兵至合戰，未為晚也。 若以此眾輕進，殆必有悔。」 無忌不聽。 三月，壬申，與徐道覆遇於豫章，賊令強弩數百登西岸小山邀射之。 會西風暴急，飄無忌所乘小艦向東岸，賊乘風以大艦逼之，眾遂奔潰。 無忌厲聲曰：「取我蘇武節來！」 節至，執以督戰。 賊眾雲集，無忌辭色無撓，握節而死。 於是中外震駭，朝議欲奉乘輿北走就劉裕； 既而知賊未至，乃止。
He Wuji, Duke Zhongsu of Ancheng, led troops from Xunyang to resist Lu Xun. Chief clerk Deng Qianzhi remonstrated, "The fate of the state hangs on this one move. I hear Xun's fleet is formidable. They hold the upstream advantage; we should breach the Nantang dyke, hold the two cities, and wait—they will not dare pass us by and sail on. Conserve our strength, wait until they are worn down, then strike—this is the safest course. To stake everything on one battle—if we lose, it will be too late for regret!" Army aide Yin Kan said, "The men Xun leads are old Three Wu rebels, battle-hardened veterans; the hill folk of Shixing are quick and fierce fighters—not to be underestimated. You should hold Yuzhang, summon troops from the surrounding cities, and fight when they arrive—it will not be too late. If you advance rashly with this force, you will surely regret it." Wuji refused to listen. In the third month, on renshen, he met Xu Daofu at Yuzhang; the rebels posted several hundred crossbowmen on a hill on the west bank to rake his force with arrows. A violent west wind then blew Wuji's small vessel toward the east bank; the rebels used the wind to close with their large ships, and his force broke and fled. Wuji shouted, "Bring me my Su Wu staff!" When the staff was brought, he seized it and rallied the fight. Rebel forces swarmed around him; Wuji did not flinch, and died still gripping the staff. Court and countryside were shaken; some at court proposed escorting the emperor north to Liu Yu; then, learning the rebels had not yet arrived, they dropped the idea.
58
西秦王乾歸攻秦金城郡，拔之。
Qifu Gangui, king of Western Qin, attacked Qin's Jincheng commandery and captured it.
59
夏王勃勃遣尚書朝金纂攻平涼。 秦王興救平涼，擊金纂，殺之。 勃勃又遣兄子左將軍羅提攻拔定陽，坑將士四千餘人。 秦將曹熾、曹雲、王肆佛等各將數千亡內徙，興處之湟山及陳倉。 勃勃寇隴右，破白崖堡，遂趣清水，略陽太守姚壽都棄城走，勃勃徙其民萬六千戶於大城。 興自安定追之，至壽渠川，不及而還。
Helian Bobo, king of Xia, sent master of writing Chao Jinzuan to attack Pingliang. Yao Xing, king of Qin, marched to relieve Pingliang, defeated Jinzuan, and killed him. Bobo then sent his nephew, Left General Luo Ti, to capture Dingyang and buried alive more than four thousand officers and soldiers. Qin generals Cao Chi, Cao Yun, Wang Sifo, and others each fled inland with several thousand men; Xing resettled them at Huangshan and Chencang. Bobo raided Longyou, took Baicheng Fort, and pressed on toward Qingshui; Yao Shoudu, governor of Lueyang, abandoned the city and fled; Bobo relocated sixteen thousand households to Dacheng. Xing pursued from Anding as far as Shouqu Stream but could not overtake him and turned back.
60
初，南涼王辱檀遣左將軍枯木等伐沮渠蒙遜，掠臨松千餘戶而還。 蒙遜伐南涼，至顯美，徙數千戶而去。 南涼太尉俱延復伐蒙遜，大敗而歸。 是月，辱檀自將五萬騎伐蒙遜，戰於窮泉，辱檀大敗，單馬奔還。 蒙遜乘勝進圍姑臧，姑臧人懲王鐘之誅，皆驚潰，夷、夏萬餘戶降於蒙遜。 辱檀懼，遣司隸校尉敬歸及子佗為質於蒙遜以請和，蒙遜許之。 歸至胡坑，逃還，佗為追兵所執，蒙遜徙其眾八千餘戶而去。 右衛將軍折掘奇鎮據石驢山以叛。 辱檀畏蒙孫之逼，且懼嶺南為奇鎮所據，乃遷於樂都，留大司農成公緒守姑臧。 辱檀才出城，魏安人侯諶等閉門作亂，收合三千餘家，據南城，推焦朗為大都督、龍驤大將軍，諶自稱涼州刺史，降於蒙遜。
Earlier, Juqu Rouran, king of Southern Liang, sent Left General Kumu and others against Juqu Mengxun, plundered more than a thousand households at Linsong, and withdrew. Mengxun struck Southern Liang, reached Xianmei, relocated several thousand households, and withdrew. Ju Yan, grand marshal of Southern Liang, attacked Mengxun again and returned in defeat. That month, Rouran personally led fifty thousand cavalry against Mengxun; at Qiongquan he was routed and fled back alone on horseback. Mengxun pressed his advantage and besieged Guzang; the people of Guzang, still mindful of Wang Zhong's execution, panicked and fled, and more than ten thousand barbarian and Chinese households surrendered to Mengxun. Fearing the worst, Rouran sent director of retainers Jing Gui and his son Tuo as hostages to Mengxun to sue for peace, and Mengxun agreed. Gui escaped at Hukeng and fled home; Tuo was captured by pursuers; Mengxun relocated more than eight thousand of their people and withdrew. Right Guard General Zheju Qizhen seized Mount Shilü and rebelled. Rouran feared Mengxun's pressure and also that Qizhen would hold the lands south of the ranges, so he moved his seat to Ledu and left grand minister of agriculture Cheng Gongxu to hold Guzang. Rouran had barely left the city when Hou Chen of Wei'an and others shut the gates in revolt, rallied more than three thousand households, seized the south city, made Jiao Lang grand commander and dragon cavalry general, styled himself inspector of Liang, and surrendered to Mengxun.
61
劉裕至下邳，以船載輜重，自帥精銳步歸。 至山陽，聞何無忌敗死，慮京邑失守，卷甲兼行，與數十人至淮上，問行人以朝廷消息，行人曰：「賊尚未至，劉公若還，便無所憂。」 裕大喜。 將濟江，風急，眾鹹難之。 裕曰：「若天命助國，風當自息； 若其不然，覆溺何害！」 即命登舟，舟移而風止。 過江，至京口，眾乃大安。 夏，四月，癸未，裕至建康。 以江州覆沒，表送章綬，詔不許。
Liu Yu reached Xiapi, sent baggage and supplies by ship, and marched home at the head of his elite troops. At Shanyang he learned that He Wuji had been defeated and killed; fearing the capital would fall, he forced the march day and night; with a few dozen men he reached the Huai and asked passersby for news from court; one said, "The rebels have not arrived yet; if Lord Liu returns, there will be nothing to fear." Yu was greatly relieved. As he was about to cross the river, the wind blew hard and his men all objected. Yu said, "If Heaven favors the state, the wind will die down on its own; if not, what harm is there in drowning!" He ordered them aboard at once; as the boat put out, the wind fell. After crossing the river he reached Jingkou, and the people were greatly reassured. In summer, the fourth month, on guiwei, Yu reached Jiankang. Because Jiang province had fallen, he memorialized the throne offering to surrender his seal and cord; the edict refused.
62
青州刺史諸葛長民、兗州刺史劉籓、并州刺史劉道憐各將兵入衛逮康。 籓，兗州刺史毅之從弟也。 毅聞盧循之寇，將拒之，而疾作； 既瘳，將行。 劉裕遺毅書曰：「吾往習擊妖賊，曉其變態。 賊新獲奸利，其鋒不可輕。 今修船垂畢，當與弟同舉。 克平之日，上流之任，皆以相委。」 又遣劉籓往諭止之。 毅怒，謂籓曰：「往以一時之功相推耳，汝便謂我真不及劉裕邪！」 投書於地，帥舟師二萬發姑孰。
Zhuge Changmin, inspector of Qing, Liu Fan, inspector of Yan, and Liu Daolian, inspector of Bing, each led troops to defend Jiankang. Fan was a younger cousin of Liu Yi, inspector of Yan. When Yi heard of Lu Xun's invasion, he prepared to resist, but fell ill; once he recovered, he prepared to march. Liu Yu wrote to Yi, "I have fought these rebel bands before and know their ways. They have just won an easy victory; their momentum must not be underestimated. Our ships are nearly ready; we should strike together. When victory is won, I will entrust the upper Yangzi command to you." He also sent Liu Fan to dissuade him. Yi was furious and said to Fan, "You once praised me for a single victory—do you really think I am no match for Liu Yu!" He threw the letter down and sailed from Gudu with twenty thousand men.
63
循之初入寇也，使徐道覆向尋陽，循自將攻湘中諸郡。 荊州刺史劉道規遣軍逆戰，敗於長沙。 循進至巴陵，將向江陵。 徐道覆聞毅將至，馳使報循曰：「毅兵甚盛，成敗之事，系之於此，宜並力摧之。 若此克捷，江陵不足憂也。」 循即日發巴陵，與道覆合兵而下。 五月，戊午，毅與循戰於桑落洲，毅兵大敗，棄船，以數百人步走，餘眾皆為循所虜，所棄輜重山積。
When Xun first invaded, he sent Xu Daofu toward Xunyang while he personally attacked the commanderies of central Hunan. Liu Daogui, inspector of Jing, sent troops to intercept them and was defeated at Changsha. Xun advanced to Baling and prepared to march on Jiangling. Xu Daofu heard Yi was approaching and sent an urgent message to Xun: "Yi's force is formidable; victory or defeat hangs on this—we must combine and crush him. If we win here, Jiangling will no longer matter." Xun left Baling that same day, joined Daofu, and sailed downstream. In the fifth month, on wuwu, Yi fought Xun at Sangluo Isle and was routed; he abandoned his ships and fled on foot with a few hundred men while the rest were captured; abandoned supplies piled like hills.
64
初，循至尋陽，聞裕已還，猶不信； 既破毅，乃得審問，與其黨相視失色。 循欲退還尋陽，攻取江陵，據二州以抗朝廷。 道覆謂宜乘勝徑進，固爭之。 循猶豫累日，乃從之。
When Xun reached Xunyang, he heard Yu had returned but did not believe it; only after defeating Yi did he learn it was true; he and his followers looked at one another in dismay. Xun wanted to fall back to Xunyang, seize Jiangling, and hold the two provinces against the court. Daofu argued they should press the victory and advance directly, and pressed the point hard. Xun hesitated for days, then agreed.
65
己未，大赦。 裕募人為兵，賞之同京口赴義之科。 發民治石頭城。 議者謂宜分兵守諸津要，裕曰：「賊眾我寡，若分兵屯守，則測人虛實； 且一處失利，則沮三軍之心。 今聚眾石頭，隨宜應赴，既令彼無以測多少，又於眾力不分。 若徒旅轉集，徐更論之耳。」
On jiwei, a general amnesty was proclaimed. Yu recruited soldiers and offered rewards on the same terms as the Jingkou uprising. He mobilized civilians to repair Stone City. Some argued for dividing forces to hold the key crossings; Yu said, "The enemy outnumbers us; if we split up to garrison posts, they will probe our strength; and if one post falls, the whole army's morale will collapse. Better to concentrate at Stone City and respond wherever needed—this hides our numbers and keeps our strength intact. If more troops keep arriving, we can reconsider then."
66
朝廷聞劉毅敗，人情恟懼。 時北師始還，將士多創病，建康戰士不盈數千。 循既克二鎮，戰士十餘萬，舟車百里不絕，樓船高十二丈，敗還者爭言其強盛。 孟昶、諸葛長民欲奉乘輿過江，裕不聽。 初，何無忌、劉毅之南討也，昶策其必敗，已而果然。 至是，又謂裕必不能抗循，眾頗信之。 惟龍驤將軍東海虞丘進廷折昶等，以為不然。 中兵參軍王仲德言於裕曰：「明公命世作輔，新建大功，威震六合，妖賊乘虛入寇，既聞凱還，自當奔潰。 若先自遁逃，則勢同匹夫，匹夫號令，何以威物！ 此謀若立，請從此辭。」 裕甚悅。 昶固請不已，裕曰：「今重鎮外傾，強寇內逼，人情危駭，莫有固志； 若一旦遷動，便自土崩瓦解，江北亦豈可得至！ 設令得至，不過延日月耳。 今兵士雖少，自足一戰。 若其克濟，則臣主同休； 苟厄運必至，我當橫屍廟門，遂其由來以身許國之志，不能竄伏草間苟求存活也。 我計決矣，卿勿復言！」 昶恚其言不行，且以為必敗，因請死。 裕怒曰：「卿且申一戰，死復何晚！」 昶知裕終不用其言，乃抗表自陳曰：「臣裕北討，眾並不同，唯臣贊裕行計，致使強賊乘間，社稷危逼，臣之罪也。 謹引咎以謝天下！」 封表畢，仰藥而死。
When the court learned Liu Yi had been defeated, panic spread. The northern army had just returned; many officers and soldiers were wounded or sick; Jiankang had fewer than a few thousand fit fighters. Xun had taken two garrison towns and fielded more than a hundred thousand fighters; his fleet stretched for a hundred li without a break, with tower ships twelve zhang high; refugees competed to describe his might. Meng Chang and Zhuge Changmin wanted to move the emperor south across the river; Yu refused. When He Wuji and Liu Yi marched south, Chang had predicted defeat, and he was proved right. Now he said Yu could not possibly stand against Xun, and many believed him. Only Dragon Cavalry General Yuqiu Jinting of Donghai argued against Chang and the others in open court. Central army aide Wang Zhongde said to Yu, "My lord was born to serve the age, has just won great victories, and your fame shakes the realm; these rebels invaded while we were exposed—once they hear you have returned in triumph, they should break and flee. If you flee first, you are no more than a common man—and what common man can command awe! If you adopt this plan, I must resign." Yu was greatly pleased. Chang kept pressing his case; Yu said, "Our outer defenses have fallen, a powerful enemy presses inward, the people are terrified, and no one has a firm heart; If we fled now, everything would fall apart—we could not even reach the north bank! Even if we got there, we would only buy a little time. We have few men, but enough for one fight. If we win, ruler and minister alike will prosper; If fate turns against us, I shall die across the temple gate, keeping the vow I have always held to give my life for the state. I will not hide in the weeds merely to survive. My mind is made up—say no more!" Chang was angry that Yu would not listen, convinced defeat was inevitable, and asked to die. Yu snapped, "Fight one battle first—what hurry is there to die!" Seeing that Yu would never heed him, Chang submitted a formal memorial: "When Yu marched north, none agreed but I alone urged the campaign. That let a powerful enemy strike at our weakness and put the realm in peril—the fault is mine. I accept full blame before the empire!" When he had sealed it, he took poison and died.
67
乙丑，盧循至淮口，中外戒嚴。 琅邪王德文都督宮城諸軍事，屯中堂皇，劉裕屯石頭，諸將各有屯守。 裕子義隆始四歲，裕使咨議參軍劉粹輔之，鎮京口。 粹，毅之族弟也。
On yichou, Lu Xun reached the mouth of the Huai; the capital and provinces went on full alert. Prince of Langya Dewen took command of the palace defenses and encamped in the central hall; Liu Yu held Shitou; each general occupied his assigned post. Yu's son Yilong was only four; Yu sent consulting aide Liu Cui to assist him and posted them at Jingkou. Cui was a younger kinsman of Liu Yi.
68
裕見民臨水望賊，怪之，以問參軍張劭，劭曰：「若節鉞未反，民奔散之不暇，亦何能觀望？ 今當無復恐耳。 賊若於新亭直進，其鋒不可當，宜且迴避，勝負之事未可量也； 若回泊西岸，此成禽耳。」
Yu saw people lining the riverbank to watch the enemy and asked aide Zhang Shao about it. Shao said, "If you had not yet returned in triumph, they would have been fleeing for their lives—who could stand and watch? Now they know there is nothing left to fear. If they drove straight on from Xinting, their momentum would be unstoppable; we would have to pull back, and the outcome would be uncertain; If they withdraw and moor on the west bank, they are as good as captured."
69
徐道覆請於新亭至白石焚舟而上，數道攻裕。 循欲以萬全為計，謂道覆曰：「大軍未至，孟昶便望風自裁； 以大勢言之，自當計日潰亂。 今決勝負於一朝，乾沒求利，既非必克之道，且殺傷士卒，不如按兵待之。」 道覆以循多疑少決，乃歎曰：「我終為盧公所誤，事必無成； 使我得為英雄驅馳，天下不足定也。」
Xu Daofu urged burning the boats from Xinting to Baishi and advancing overland to strike Yu on several fronts. Xun favored the safe course and told Daofu, "Our main force has not even arrived, yet Meng Chang has already killed himself at the rumor of our coming; Judging by the overall situation, they should collapse within days. To stake everything on one day's battle, gambling for gain when victory is uncertain, will only waste lives. Better to hold our troops and wait." Daofu thought Xun too hesitant and mistrustful, and sighed, "Lu has ruined me—this venture is doomed; Given a free hand, I could pacify the empire without difficulty."
70
裕登石頭城望循軍，初見引向新亭，顧左右失色； 既而回泊蔡洲，乃悅。 於是眾軍轉集。 裕恐循侵軼，用虞丘進計，伐樹柵石頭淮口，修治越城，築查浦、藥園、廷尉三壘，皆以兵守之。
Yu climbed the walls of Shitou to watch Xun's army. When he first saw them heading for Xinting, he turned pale. When they withdrew and anchored at Caizhou, he was relieved. All the armies now converged. Fearing Xun might break through, Yu took Yuqiu Jin's advice: timber palisades at Shitou by the Huai, repairs to Yue city, and new fortifications at Zhapu, Yaoyuan, and Tingwei—all manned.
71
劉毅經涉蠻、晉，僅能自免，從者饑疲，死亡什七八。 丙寅，至建康，待罪。 裕慰勉之，使知中外留事。 毅乞自貶，詔降為後將軍。
Liu Yi had crossed through tribal and Jin territory and barely escaped alive; his men were starving and exhausted, and seven or eight in ten were dead. On bingyin he reached Jiankang to await judgment. Yu reassured him and put him in charge of affairs at the capital. Yi asked to be demoted; the court reduced him to Rear General.
72
魏長孫嵩至漠北而還，柔然追圍之於牛川。 壬申，魏主嗣北擊柔然。 柔然可汗社侖聞之，遁走，道死； 其子度拔尚幼，部眾立社侖弟斛律，號藹苦蓋可汗。 嗣引兵還參合陂。
Wei's Changsun Song marched to the northern steppe and back; the Rouran surrounded him at Niuchuan. On renshen Emperor Si of Wei marched north against the Rouran. When Rouran khan Shelun heard, he fled and died on the way; His son Dubo was still a child; the tribes raised Shelun's brother Hulu as Khan Aikugai. Si withdrew to Canhepi.
73
盧循伏兵南岸，使老弱乘舟向白石，聲言悉眾自白石步上。 劉裕留參軍沈林子、徐赤特戍南岸，斷查浦，戒今堅守勿動； 裕及劉毅、諸葛長民北出拒之。 林子曰：「妖賊此言，未必有實，宜深為之防。」 裕曰：「石頭城險，且淮柵甚固，留卿在後，足以守之。」 林子，穆夫之子也。
Lu Xun hid troops on the south bank while sending the old and weak by boat toward Baishi, claiming his entire army would land at Baishi and march inland. Liu Yu left aides Shen Linzi and Xu Chite on the south bank to hold Zhapu and ordered them not to stir; Yu marched north with Liu Yi and Zhuge Changmin to meet the enemy. Linzi said, "The enemy's story may be a bluff—we must guard against it carefully." Yu replied, "Shitou is strong and the Huai defenses are solid. With you in the rear, it is secure enough." Linzi was the son of Shen Mufu.
74
庚辰，盧循焚查浦，進至張侯橋。 徐赤特將擊之，林子曰：「賊聲往白石而屢來挑戰，其情可知。 吾眾寡不敵，不如守險以待大軍。」 赤特不從。 遂出戰，伏兵發，赤特大敗，單舸奔淮北。 林子及將軍劉鐘據柵力戰，朱齡石救之，賊乃退。 循引精兵大上，至丹陽郡。 裕帥諸軍馳還石頭，斬徐赤特，解甲。 久之，乃出陳於南塘。
On gengchen Lu Xun burned Zhapu and advanced to Zhanghou Bridge. Xu Chite wanted to attack; Linzi said, "They claim to be bound for Baishi yet keep provoking us—their plan is obvious. We are outnumbered; better to hold our ground and wait for the main force." Chite would not listen. He went out to fight; the ambush struck and Chite was routed, escaping alone in a boat north of the Huai. Linzi and General Liu Zhong held the palisade; Zhu Lingshi came to their aid and the enemy withdrew. Xun landed with elite troops and pushed into Danyang commandery. Yu raced back to Shitou with his army, executed Xu Chite, and rested his troops. After some time he formed battle lines at Nantang.
75
六月，以劉裕為太尉、中書監、加黃鉞； 裕受黃鉞，餘固辭。 以車騎中軍司馬庾悅為江州刺史。 悅，准之子也。
In the sixth month Liu Yu was appointed Grand Commandant and Director of the Secretariat and granted the ceremonial axe; Yu accepted the axe but declined the other honors. Yu Yue was appointed governor of Jiangzhou. Yue was the son of Yu Zhun.
76
司馬國璠及弟叔璠、叔道奔秦。 秦王興曰：「劉裕方誅桓玄，輔晉室，卿何為來？」 對曰：「裕削弱王室，臣宗族有自修立者，裕輒除之。 方為國患，甚於桓玄耳。」 興以國璠為揚州刺史，叔道為交州刺史。
Sima Guofan and his brothers Shufan and Shudao fled to Later Qin. King Xing of Qin asked, "Liu Yu has just overthrown Huan Xuan and supports the Jin court—why have you come?" They answered, "Yu is stripping the imperial house of power. Whenever one of our clan tried to rebuild our position, Yu destroyed him. He is a greater threat to the state than Huan Xuan ever was." Xing made Guofan governor of Yangzhou and Shudao governor of Jiaozhou.
77
盧循寇掠諸縣無所得，謂徐道覆曰：「師老矣，不如還尋陽，並力取荊州，據天下三分之二，徐更與建康爭衡耳。」 秋，七月，庚申，循自蔡洲南還尋陽，留其黨范崇民將五千人據南陵。 甲子，裕使輔國將軍王仲德、廣川太守劉鐘、河間內史蘭陵蒯恩、中軍咨議參軍孟懷玉等帥眾追循。
Lu Xun had looted the countryside without success and told Xu Daofu, "Our troops are exhausted. We should return to Xunyang, seize Jingzhou together, hold two-thirds of the empire, and then compete with Jiankang at leisure." In the seventh month, on gengshen, Xun withdrew south from Caizhou to Xunyang, leaving Fan Chongmin with five thousand men at Nanling. On jiazi Yu sent Wang Zhongde, Liu Zhong, Kuai En, Meng Huaiyu, and others in pursuit of Xun.
78
乙丑，魏主嗣還平城。
On yichou Emperor Si of Wei returned to Pingcheng.
79
西秦王乾歸討越質屈機等十餘部，降其眾二萬五千，徙於苑川。 八月，乾歸復都苑川。
Qiangui of Western Qin subdued more than ten tribes including the Yuezhi Quji, accepted the surrender of twenty-five thousand warriors, and resettled them at Yuanchuan. In the eighth month Qiangui moved his capital back to Yuanchuan.
80
沮渠蒙遜伐西涼，敗西涼世子歆於馬廟，禽其將朱元虎而還。 涼公暠以銀二千斤、金二千兩贖元虎； 蒙遜歸之，遂與暠結盟而還。
Juqu Mengxun attacked Western Liang, defeated heir Xin at Mabiao, captured General Zhu Yuanhu, and withdrew. Lord Gao of Liang paid two thousand jin of silver and two thousand liang of gold to ransom Yuanhu; Mengxun released him, made peace with Gao, and withdrew.
81
劉裕還東府，大治水軍，遣建威將軍會稽孫處、振武將軍沈田子帥眾三千自海道襲番禺。 田子，林子之兄也。 眾皆以為「海道艱遠，必至為難，且分撤見力，非目前之急。」 裕不從，敕處曰：「大軍十二月之交必破妖虜，卿至時，先傾其巢窟，使彼走無所歸也。」
Liu Yu returned to his Eastern Headquarters and rebuilt the navy, sending Sun Chu and Shen Tianzi with three thousand men by sea to strike Panyu. Tianzi was Shen Linzi's elder brother. Many objected that the sea route was long and risky, that it would divide their forces, and that it was not the immediate priority." Yu overruled them and told Chu, "By mid-December the main army will break the enemy. Your task is to destroy their base so they have nowhere to flee."
82
譙縱遣侍中譙良等入見於秦，請兵以伐晉。 縱以桓謙為荊州刺史，譙道福為梁州刺史，帥眾二萬寇荊州； 秦王興遣前將軍苟林帥騎兵會之。
Qiao Zong sent Qiao Liang and others to Qin to ask for troops against Jin. Zong appointed Huan Qian governor of Jingzhou and Qiao Daofu governor of Liangzhou and invaded with twenty thousand men; King Xing sent Forward General Gou Lin with cavalry to join them.
83
江陵自盧循東下，不得建康之問，群盜互起。 荊州刺史劉道規遣司馬王鎮之帥天門太守檀道濟、廣武將軍彭城到彥之入援建康。 道濟，祗之弟也。
Since Lu Xun marched east, Jiangling had heard nothing from Jiankang and banditry had erupted everywhere. Governor Liu Daogui of Jingzhou sent Wang Zhenzhi with Tan Daoji and Dao Yanzhi toward Jiankang to reinforce the capital. Daoji was the younger brother of Tan Zhi.
84
鎮之至尋陽，為苟林所破。 盧循聞之，以林為南蠻校尉，分兵配之，使乘勝伐江陵，聲言徐道覆已克建康。 桓謙於道召募義舊，民投之者二萬人。 謙屯枝江，林屯江津，二寇交逼，江陵士民多懷異心。 道規乃會將士告之曰：「桓謙今在近道，聞諸長者頗有去就之計，吾東來文武足以濟事，若欲去者，本不相禁。」 因夜開城門，達曉不閉。 眾鹹憚服，莫有去者。
Zhenzhi reached Xunyang and was defeated by Gou Lin. Lu Xun heard the news, made Gou Lin Protector-General of the Southern Barbarians, gave him troops, and sent him on to Jiangling while spreading word that Xu Daofu had already taken Jiankang. Huan Qian recruited old Huan loyalists along the way and gathered twenty thousand men. Qian camped at Zhijiang and Lin at Jiangjin; with enemies pressing from two sides, many in Jiangling were ready to turn. Daogui gathered his officers and men and said, "Huan Qian is close at hand. I hear some of you elders are thinking of leaving. Our force from the east is enough to see this through. If anyone wishes to go, I will not stop you." That night he opened the city gates and left them open until dawn. The people were awed into loyalty; no one left.
85
雍州刺史魯宗之帥眾數千自襄陽赴江陵。 或謂宗之情未可測，道規單馬迎之，宗之感悅。 道規使宗之居守，委以腹心，自帥諸軍攻謙。 諸將佐皆曰：「今遠出討謙，其勝難必。 苟林近在江津，伺人動靜，若來攻城，宗之未必能固； 脫有蹉跌，大事去矣。」 道規曰：「苟林愚懦，無他奇計，以吾去未遠，必不敢向城。 吾今取謙，往至便克； 沈疑之間，已自還返。 謙敗則林破膽。 豈暇得來！ 且宗之獨守，何為不支數日！」 乃馳往攻謙，水陸齊進。 謙等大陳舟師，兼以步騎，戰於枝江。 檀道濟先進陷陳，謙等大敗。 謙單舸奔苟林，道規追斬之。 還，至湧口，討林，林走，道規遣咨議參軍臨淮劉遵帥眾追之。 初，謙至枝江，江陵士民皆與謙書。 言城內虛實，欲為內應； 至是檢得之，道規悉焚不視，眾於是大安。
Lu Zongzhi, governor of Yongzhou, marched from Xiangyang with several thousand men to relieve Jiangling. Some doubted Zongzhi's loyalty, but Daogui rode out alone to meet him and won his trust. Daogui put Zongzhi in charge of the defense and treated him as a trusted ally, then marched out to attack Qian. His officers said, "If we march out to fight Qian, victory is uncertain. Gou Lin is nearby at Jiangjin watching for an opening. If he attacks the city, Zongzhi may not hold; One slip and all is lost." Daogui replied, "Gou Lin is slow and timid and has no tricks. We won't be gone long enough for him to dare attack the city. I will take Qian quickly—once we strike, he will fall; By the time Gou Lin decides to move, I will already be back. Defeat Qian, and Gou Lin will lose his nerve. He will not have time to come! Besides, Zongzhi can hold the city alone for days!" With that, he rode out to attack Qian by land and water at once. Qian massed his fleet along with infantry and cavalry and gave battle at Zhijiang. Tan Daoji led the charge and broke their lines; Qian's army was routed. Qian fled alone in a boat toward Gou Lin, but Daogui caught up and killed him. On the return march Daogui reached Yongkou and attacked Gou Lin, who fled. Daogui sent Liu Zun, staff officer of Linhuai, in pursuit with his troops. Earlier, when Qian reached Zhijiang, many people in Jiangling had written to him. reporting on conditions inside the city and offering to rise up within the walls; When the letters were discovered, Daogui burned them unread, and the people were greatly reassured.
86
江州刺史庾悅以鄱陽太守虞丘進為前驅，屢破盧循兵，進據豫章，絕循糧道。 九月，劉遵斬苟林於巴陵。
Yu Yue, governor of Jiangzhou, sent Poyang prefect Yu Qiu Jin ahead as vanguard. Jin repeatedly defeated Lu Xun's forces, seized Yuzhang, and severed Xun's supply lines. In the ninth month Liu Zun killed Gou Lin at Baling.
87
桓石綏因循入寇，起兵洛口，自號荊州刺史，征陽令王天恩自號梁州刺史，襲據西城。 梁州刺史傅詔遣其子魏興太守弘之討石綏等，皆斬之，桓氏遂滅。 韶，暢之孫也。
Huan Shisui exploited Lu Xun's invasion to rebel at Luokou, proclaiming himself governor of Jingzhou. Wang Tian'en, magistrate of Zhengyang, proclaimed himself governor of Liangzhou and seized Xicheng by surprise. Fu Shao, governor of Liangzhou, sent his son Fu Hongzhi, prefect of Weixing, against Shisui and his followers. All were executed, and the Huan line was wiped out. Fu Shao was a grandson of Fu Chang.
88
西秦王乾歸攻秦略陽、南安、隴西諸郡，皆克之，徙民二萬五千戶於苑川及枹罕。
Qifu Gangui, king of Western Qin, attacked the Qin commanderies of Lueyang, Nan'an, and Longxi and took them all. He relocated twenty-five thousand households to Yuanchuan and Fuhan.
89
甲寅，葬魏主珪於盛樂金陵，謚曰宣武，廟號烈祖。
On the day jia-yin, Wei emperor Tuoba Gui was buried at the Jinling tombs at Shengle, with the posthumous name Emperor Xuanwu and temple name Liezu.
90
劉毅固求追討盧循，長史王誕密言於劉裕曰：「毅既喪敗，不宜復使立功。」 裕從之。 冬，十月，裕帥兗州刺史劉籓、寧朔將軍檀韶、冠軍將軍劉敬宣等南擊盧循，以劉毅監太尉留府，後事皆委焉。 癸巳，裕發建康。
Liu Yi pressed Liu Yu to let him pursue Lu Xun. Chief clerk Wang Dan secretly advised Liu Yu, "Yi has already been humiliated in defeat; you should not give him another chance to win glory." Liu Yu agreed. In the tenth month of winter Liu Yu marched south against Lu Xun at the head of Liu Fan, governor of Yanzhou, Tan Shao, and Liu Jingxuan. He left Liu Yi in charge of affairs at the capital as acting overseer of the Grand Commandant's office. On the day gui-si Liu Yu set out from Jiankang.
91
徐道覆帥眾三萬趣江陵，奄至破塚。 時魯宗之已還襄陽，追召不及，人情大震。 或傳循已平京邑，遣道覆來為刺史，江、漢士民感劉道規焚書之恩，無復貳志。 道規使劉遵別為遊軍，自拒道覆豫章口，前驅失利； 遵自外橫擊，大破之，斬首萬餘級，赴水死者殆盡。 道覆單舸走還湓口。 初，道規使遵為遊軍，眾鹹以為強敵在膠，唯患眾少，不應分割見力，置無用之地。 及破道覆，卒得遊軍之力，眾心乃服。
Xu Daofu marched thirty thousand men on Jiangling and suddenly appeared at Pozhong. Lu Zongzhi had already gone back to Xiangyang and could not be recalled in time. Panic spread among the people. Rumors spread that Lu Xun had taken the capital and sent Xu Daofu to govern the region. But the people along the Yangtze and Han remembered how Liu Daogui had burned the incriminating letters, and none wavered in loyalty. Daogui detached Liu Zun as a mobile reserve while he himself blocked Xu Daofu at Yuzhangkou. His vanguard was beaten; Then Liu Zun struck from the flank and routed the enemy, killing more than ten thousand. Nearly all who fled into the river drowned. Xu Daofu escaped alone in a boat back to Penkou. At first, when Daogui assigned Liu Zun as a separate mobile force, everyone thought that with the enemy so close, their numbers were already too few; splitting strength and posting men where they seemed useless was a mistake. After Xu Daofu was defeated, they saw how much the detached force had mattered, and all were convinced.
92
鮮卑僕渾、羌句豈、輸報、鄧若等師戶二萬降於西秦。
Pu Hun of the Xianbei, the Qiang leaders Ju Qi, Yu Bao, and Deng Ruo, and others brought twenty thousand households to surrender to Western Qin.
93
王仲德等聞劉裕大軍且至，進攻范崇民於南陵，崇民戰艦夾屯兩岸。 十一月，劉鐘自行覘賊，天霧，賊鉤得其舸。 鐘因帥左右攻艦戶，賊遽閉戶拒之。 鐘乃徐還，與仲德共攻崇民，崇民走。
Hearing that Liu Yu's main force was approaching, Wang Zhongde and his officers attacked Fan Chongmin at Nanling, where Chongmin had lined his warships along both banks of the river. In the eleventh month Liu Zhong went forward himself to scout the enemy. In the fog the rebels snagged his boat with grappling hooks. Zhong led his escort in an assault on the hatch of the enemy ship, but the rebels quickly shut it against him. Zhong withdrew in good order and joined Zhongde in an attack on Chongmin, who fled.
94
癸丑，益州刺史鮑陋卒。 譙道福陷巴東，殺守將溫祚、時延祖。
On the day gui-chou Bao Lou, governor of Yizhou, died. Qiao Daofu captured Badong and killed the garrison commanders Wen Zuo and Shi Yanzu.
95
盧循兵守廣州者不以海道為虞。 庚戌，孫處乘海奄至，會大霧，四面攻之，即日拔其城。 外撫其舊民，戮循親黨，勒兵謹守，分遣沈田子等擊嶺表諸郡。
The garrison Lu Xun had left at Guangzhou did not fear an attack by sea. On the day geng-xu Sun Chu arrived unexpectedly by sea. A heavy fog covered the approach; he attacked from all sides and took the city the same day. He reassured the local population, executed Lu Xun's kin and supporters, kept his troops on strict guard, and sent Shen Tianzi and others to subdue the Lingnan commanderies.
96
劉裕軍雷池，盧循揚聲不攻雷池，當乘流徑下。 裕知其欲戰，十二月，己卯，進軍大雷。 庚辰，盧循、徐道覆帥眾數萬塞江而下，前後莫見舳艫之際。 裕悉出輕艦，帥眾軍齊力擊之； 又分步騎屯於西岸，岸上軍投火焚之，煙炎漲天。 循兵大敗，走還尋陽； 將趣豫章。 乃悉力柵斷左裡。 丙申，裕軍至左裡，不得進。 裕麾兵將戰，所執麾竿折，幡沉於水，眾並怪懼。 裕笑曰：「往年覆舟之戰，幡竿亦折，今者復然，賊必破矣。」 即攻柵而進。 循兵雖殊死戰，弗能禁。 循單舸走，所殺及投水死者凡萬餘人。 納其降附，宥其逼略，遣劉籓、孟懷玉輕軍追之。 循收散卒，尚有數千人，逕還番禺； 道覆走保始興。 裕板建威將軍褚裕之行廣州刺史。 裕之，裒之曾孫也。 裕還建康。 劉毅惡劉穆之，每從容與裕言穆之權太重，裕益親任之。
Liu Yu's army was at Leichi. Lu Xun announced that he would not attack there but would ride the current straight downstream. Liu Yu saw that Xun meant to give battle. In the twelfth month, on the day ji-mao, he marched to Dalei. On geng-chen Lu Xun and Xu Daofu came downriver with tens of thousands of men, their fleet so dense that one could see no gap between bow and stern. Liu Yu sent out every light warship and led his whole force in a concerted attack; He also posted infantry and cavalry on the west bank, where shore troops set fire to the enemy ships until smoke and flame filled the sky. Lu Xun's army was routed and fled back toward Xunyang; intending to make for Yuzhang. They then threw up fortifications to block the passage at Zuoli. On bing-shen Liu Yu reached Zuoli but could not get through. As Liu Yu was preparing to give battle, the shaft of his command banner snapped and the flag sank into the water. His men were unnerved. Liu Yu smiled and said, "The year our boats were overturned, my banner pole snapped just like this. It is happening again, so the enemy is doomed." He attacked the barricade at once and pressed forward. Lu Xun's men fought desperately but could not hold the line. Lu Xun fled alone in a boat. Slain and drowned, the enemy lost more than ten thousand men. Liu Yu accepted surrenders and spared those who had been forced to join the rebels, then sent Liu Fan and Meng Huaiyu with light forces in pursuit. Lu Xun rallied his scattered troops—still several thousand strong—and returned directly to Panyu; Xu Daofu retreated to defend Shixing. Liu Yu appointed Jianwei General Chu Yuzhi acting governor of Guangzhou. Chu Yuzhi was a great-grandson of Chu Pei. Liu Yu returned to Jiankang. Liu Yi disliked Liu Muzhi and would casually tell Liu Yu that Muzhi had too much power. Liu Yu only entrusted him more closely.
97
燕廣川公萬泥、上谷公乳陳，自以宗室，有大功，謂當入為公輔。 燕王跋以二籓任重，久而弗征，二人皆怨。 是歲，乳陳密遣人告萬泥曰：「乳陳有至謀，願與叔父圖之。」 萬泥遂奔白狼，與乳陳俱叛，跋遣汲郡公弘與張興將步騎二萬討之。 弘先遣使諭以禍福； 萬泥欲降，乳陳不可。 興謂弘曰：「賊明日出戰，今夜必來驚我營，宜為之備。」 弘乃密嚴人課草十束，畜火伏兵以待之。 是夜，乳陳果遣壯士千餘人來斫營，眾火俱起，伏兵邀擊，俘斬無遺。 萬泥、乳陳懼而出降，弘皆斬之。 跋以范陽公素弗為大司馬，改封遼西公； 弘為驃騎大將軍，改封中山公。
Wan Ni, Duke of Guangchuan, and Ru Chen, Duke of Shanggu, both members of the Yan royal house who believed they had earned great merit, expected to be called to court as chief ministers. King Ba kept them in heavy border posts and for a long time never summoned them to court. Both grew resentful. That year Ru Chen secretly sent word to Wan Ni: "I have a bold plan, and I want you, my uncle, to join me." Wan Ni fled to Bailang and rose in rebellion with Ru Chen. Ba sent Hong, Duke of Jijun, and Zhang Xing with twenty thousand foot and horse to suppress them. Hong first sent messengers to warn them of the consequences; Wan Ni wanted to surrender, but Ru Chen refused. Zhang Xing told Hong, "The rebels will fight tomorrow, but tonight they are sure to raid our camp. We must be ready." Hong secretly had his men stack ten bundles of straw, set ambushes, and wait with torches ready. That night Ru Chen sent more than a thousand picked men to storm the camp. Fires blazed up on every side; the ambush closed in and wiped them out to the last man. Terrified, Wan Ni and Ru Chen surrendered; Hong executed them both. Ba appointed Sufu, Duke of Fanyang, Grand Marshal and transferred his title to Duke of Liaoxi; and made Hong Cavalry General-in-Chief, with the new title Duke of Zhongshan.