1
資治通鑑第119卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 119
2
卷第一百一十九
Volume 119
3
【宋紀一】起上章涒灘，盡昭陽大淵獻，凡四年。
[Song Annals I] From the gengshen year to the jiayin year—a span of four years.
4
高祖武皇帝永初元年（ 庚申，公元四二零年）
First year of Yongchu of Emperor Wu, the founding emperor ( gengshen, AD 420)
5
春，正月，己亥，魏主還宮。
In spring, on the first month, day jihai, the Northern Wei emperor returned to his palace.
6
秦王熾磐立其子暮末為太子，仍領撫軍大將軍、都督中外諸軍事，大赦，改元建弘。
King Qin Chiqian named his son Momo crown prince while keeping him as General Who Pacifies the Army and supreme commander of all forces; he granted a general amnesty and adopted the era name Jianhong.
7
宋王欲受禪而難於發言，乃集朝臣宴飲，從容言曰：「桓玄篡位，鼎命已移。 我首唱大義，興復帝室，南征北伐，平定四海，功成業著，遂荷九錫。 今年將衰暮，崇極如此，物忌盛，非可久安； 今欲奉還爵位，歸老京師。」 群臣惟盛稱功德，莫諭其意。 日晚，坐散。 中書令傅亮還外，乃悟，而宮門已閉，亮叩扉請見，王即開門見之。 亮入，但曰：「臣暫宜還者。」 王解其意，無復他言，真云：「須幾人自送？」 亮曰：「數十人可也。」 即時奉辭。 亮出，已夜，見長星竟天，拊髀歎曰：「我常不信天文，今姑驗矣。」 亮至建康，夏，四月，征王入輔。 王留子義康為都督豫、司、雍、並四州諸軍事、豫州刺史，鎮壽陽。 義康尚幼，以相國參軍南陽劉湛為長史，決府、州事。 湛自弱年即有宰物之情，常自比管、葛，博涉書史，不為文章，不喜談議，王甚重之。
Liu Yu wished to take the throne but hesitated to say so openly. He summoned the courtiers to a banquet and remarked at ease: "When Huan Xuan seized power, the mandate of Heaven had already left Jin. I was first to raise the righteous cause, restore the imperial line, campaign south and north, and pacify the realm; when my achievements were plain, I received the Nine Bestowals. I am growing old this year, and my honors have risen so high that fullness invites decline—such eminence cannot last; I now wish to surrender my rank and retire to the capital." The ministers could only praise his achievements and failed to grasp what he meant. As evening fell, the banquet broke up. Director of the Secretariat Fu Liang left the hall and only then understood—but the palace gates were already shut. Liang knocked and asked for an audience, and Liu Yu at once admitted him. Liang came in and said only: "Your servant ought to go home for a time." Liu Yu understood and said no more; he only asked: "How many men should see you off?" Liang replied: "Several dozen will do." He took leave at once. Liang went out into the night and saw a comet stretching across the sky. Slapping his thigh, he sighed: "I never trusted astrology—now I shall see whether it holds true." Liang reached Jiankang; in summer, the fourth month, Liu Yu was summoned to the capital to serve as regent. Liu Yu left his son Yikang as commander of military affairs in Yu, Si, Yong, and Bing and as Governor of Yu, with his headquarters at Shouyang. Yikang was still a boy, so Liu Yu appointed Liu Zhan of Nanyang, an aide in the chancellery, as chief administrator to run the headquarters and the province. From youth Zhan had aimed at ruling the realm and often likened himself to Guan Zhong and Zhuge Liang. He read history widely but wrote no essays and shunned disputation; Liu Yu held him in high regard.
8
五月，乙酉，魏更謚宣武帝曰道武帝。
In the fifth month, on day yiyou, Northern Wei changed Emperor Xuanwu's posthumous title to Emperor Daowu.
9
魏淮南公司馬國璠、池陽子司馬道賜謀外叛，司馬文思告之。 庚戌，魏主殺國璠、道賜，賜文思爵鬱林公。 國璠等連引平城豪桀，坐族誅者數十人，章安侯封懿之子玄之當坐。 魏主以玄之燕朝舊族，欲宥其一子。 玄之曰：「弟子磨奴早孤，乞全其命。」 乃殺玄之四子而宥磨奴。
The Wei Prince of Huainan Sima Guofan and the Marquis of Chiyang Sima Daoci plotted to flee to a foreign state; Sima Wensi reported them. On day gengxu the Wei emperor executed Guofan and Daoci and enfeoffed Wensi as Duke of Yulin. Guofan's testimony implicated one powerful Pingcheng family after another; dozens of clans were wiped out. Feng Xuanzhi, son of Marquis Zhang'an Feng Yi, was also condemned. Because Xuanzhi came from an old Yan clan, the Wei emperor wished to spare one son. Xuanzhi said: "My nephew Monu was orphaned young—I beg you to spare his life." The emperor then executed Xuanzhi's four sons but spared Monu.
10
六月，壬戌，王至建康。 傅亮諷晉恭帝禪位於宋，具詔草呈帝，使書之。 帝欣然操筆，謂左右曰：「桓玄之時，晉氏已無天下，重為劉公所延，將二十載； 今日之事，本所甘心。」 遂書赤紙為詔。
In the sixth month, on day renxu, Liu Yu reached Jiankang. Fu Liang induced Emperor Gong of Jin to abdicate to Liu Yu, drew up the abdication edict, and had the emperor copy it out. The emperor took the brush willingly and told his attendants: "Under Huan Xuan Jin had already lost the realm; Duke Liu sustained me for nearly twenty years; what happens today is what I accept in my heart." He then wrote the edict on red paper.
11
甲子，帝遜於琅邪第，百官拜辭，秘書監徐廣流涕哀慟。 丁卯，王為壇於南郊，即皇帝位。 禮畢，自石頭備法駕入建康宮。 徐廣又悲感流涕，侍中謝晦謂之曰：「徐公得無小過！」 廣曰：「君為宋朝佐命，身是晉室遺老，悲觀之事，固不可同。」 廣，邈之弟也。 帝臨太極殿，大赦，改元。 其犯鄉論清議，一皆蕩滌，與之更始。
On day jiazi the emperor moved to the Langya mansion; the officials bowed in farewell, and Xu Guang, Director of the Secretariat, wept in anguish. On day dingmao Liu Yu built an altar in the southern suburb and took the throne. When the rites were done, he entered Jiankang Palace from Shitou with the full imperial procession. Xu Guang wept again. Attendant-in-Ordinary Xie Hui said to him: "Master Xu, isn't that rather much!" Guang replied: "You are a founding minister of Song; I am a survivor of Jin. Our reasons to grieve and to rejoice cannot be the same." Guang was the younger brother of Xu Miao. The emperor took his seat in the Hall of Supreme Ultimate, granted a general amnesty, and changed the era name. All who had been condemned by local opinion and moral censure were cleared and given a new beginning.
12
裴子野論曰：昔重華受終，四凶流放； 武王克殷，頑民遷洛。 天下之惡一也，鄉論清議，除之，過矣！
Pei Ziye wrote: When Shun received the abdication, the Four Evils were banished; when King Wu conquered Yin, the stubborn populace was relocated to Luo. Evil in the realm is of one kind—to abolish local moral censure goes too far!
13
奉晉恭帝為零陵王，優崇之禮，皆仿晉初故事，即宮於故秣陵縣，使冠軍將軍劉遵考將兵防衛。 降褚後為王妃。
Emperor Gong of Jin was made Prince of Lingling with honors modeled on early Jin practice. He was housed in the old Moling county seat, and Liu Zunkao, General Who Conquers the Enemy, was assigned troops to guard him. Empress Chu was reduced to princess consort.
14
庚午，以司空道憐為太尉，封長沙王。 追封司徒道規為臨川王，以道憐子義慶襲其爵。 其餘功臣徐羨之等，增位進爵各有差。
On day gengwu Minister of Works Dao Lian was appointed Grand Commandant and enfeoffed as Prince of Changsha. Minister over the Masses Dao Gui was posthumously made Prince of Linchuan, and Dao Lian's son Yiqing inherited the title. Other founding ministers such as Xu Xianzhi were promoted in rank and title according to their merits.
15
追封劉穆之為南康郡公，王鎮惡為龍陽縣候。 上海歎念穆之，曰：「穆之不死，當助我治天下。 可謂『人之雲亡，邦國殄瘁』！」 又曰：「穆之死，人輕易我。」
Liu Muzhi was posthumously made Duke of Nankang, and Wang Zhen'e Marquis of Longyang. The emperor sighed for Muzhi and said: "If Muzhi were alive, he would be helping me rule the realm. Truly, 'When such a man dies, the state is laid waste'!" He also said: "Since Muzhi died, people underestimate me."
16
立皇子桂陽公義真為廬陵王，彭城公義隆為宜都王，義康為彭城王。
The emperor's sons were enfeoffed: Yizhen as Prince of Luling, Yilong as Prince of Yidu, and Yikang as Prince of Pengcheng.
17
己卯，改《泰始歷》為《永初歷》。
On day jimao the Taishi Calendar was renamed the Yongchu Calendar.
18
魏主如翳犢山，遂至馮滷池。 聞上受禪，驛召崔浩告之曰：「卿往年之言驗矣，朕於今日始信天道。」
The Wei emperor traveled to Yidu Mountain and then to Fenglu Pool. When he heard that Liu Yu had taken the throne, he summoned Cui Hao by courier and said: "What you said years ago has come true—only today do I believe in Heaven's decree."
19
秋，七月，丁酉，魏主如五原。
In autumn, the seventh month, on day dingyou, the Wei emperor went to Wuyuan.
20
甲辰，詔以涼公歆為都督高昌等七郡諸軍事、征西將軍、酒泉公； 秦王熾磐為安西大將軍。
On day jiachen an edict named Duke of Liang Xin commander of military affairs in the seven commanderies including Gaochang, General Who Conquers the West, and Duke of Jiuquan; and King Qin Chiqian Grand General Who Pacifies the West.
21
交州刺史杜慧度擊林邑，大破之，所殺過半。 林邑乞降，前後為所鈔掠者皆遣還。 慧度在交州，為政纖密，一如治家，吏民畏而愛之，城門夜開，道不拾遺。 丁未，魏主如雲中。
Du Huidu, Governor of Jiaozhou, attacked Linyi and crushed it, killing more than half the enemy. Linyi sued for peace and returned everyone taken in earlier raids. In Jiaozhou Huidu governed with household thoroughness; officials and commoners feared yet loved him; the gates stood open at night and no one picked up lost goods on the roads. On day dingwei the Wei emperor went to Yunzhong.
22
河西王蒙遜欲伐涼，先引兵攻秦浩亹； 既至，潛師還屯川巖。
Meng Xun, King of Hexi, planned to attack Liang and first marched against Qin's Haowan; but on arrival he secretly withdrew and encamped at Chuanyan.
23
涼公歆欲乘虛襲張掖； 宋繇、張體順切諫，不聽。 太后尹氏謂歆曰：「汝新造之國。 地狹民希，自守猶懼不足，何暇伐人！ 先王臨終，殷勤戒汝：深慎用兵，保境寧民，以俟天時。 言猶在耳，奈何棄這！ 蒙遜善用兵，非汝之敵，數年以來，常有兼併之志。 汝國雖小，足為善政，修德養民，靜以待之。 彼若昏暴，民將歸汝； 若其休明，汝將事之。 豈得輕為舉動，僥冀非望！ 以吾觀之，非但喪師，殆將亡國！」 亦不聽。 宋繇歎曰：「今茲大事去矣！」
Duke of Liang Xin wanted to strike Zhangye while Meng Xun was away; Song Yao and Zhang Tishun urged him strongly, but he would not listen. Empress Dowager Lady Yin told Xin: "Your realm is newly founded. Your territory is small and your people few—you can barely defend yourselves. How can you spare strength to attack others! Your father on his deathbed urged you earnestly: use force with utmost caution, keep your borders secure and your people at peace, and await Heaven's hour. His words are still in our ears—how can you cast them aside! Meng Xun is a skilled commander and not your equal; for years he has aimed to swallow your state. Though your realm is small, it is enough for good government—cultivate virtue, nourish the people, and wait in quiet. If he turns brutal, the people will come to you; if he proves enlightened, you will serve him. How can you act rashly and hope for what is not yours! In my view you will not only lose your army—you will likely lose your state! He still would not listen. Song Yao sighed: "The great cause is lost this year!"
24
歆將步騎三萬東出。 蒙遜聞之，曰：「歆已入吾術中，然聞吾旋師，必不敢前。」 乃露布西境，雲已克浩亹，將進攻黃谷。 歆聞之，喜，進入都瀆澗，蒙遜引兵擊之，戰於懷城，歆大敗。 或勸歆還保酒泉，歆曰：』吾違老母之言以取敗，不殺此胡，何面目復見我母！」 遂勒兵戰於蓼泉，為蒙遜所殺。 歆弟酒泉太守翻、新城太守預、領羽林右監密、左將軍眺、右將軍亮西奔敦煌。
Xin marched east with thirty thousand foot and horse. Meng Xun heard and said: "Xin has walked into my trap; but when he hears I am turning back, he will surely not advance." He posted a bulletin in the western marches claiming he had taken Haowan and would advance on Huanggu. Xin heard this with delight and pushed into Dudu Ravine. Meng Xun struck him at Huaicheng and routed him completely. Some urged Xin to fall back on Jiuquan. He said: "I ignored my mother's counsel and brought defeat—if I do not kill this barbarian, what face can I show my mother!" He rallied his men to fight at Liaoquan and was killed by Meng Xun. Xin's brothers Fan (Governor of Jiuquan), Yu (Governor of Xincheng), Mi (Director of the Right Wing of the Feathered Forest), Tiao (General of the Left), and Liang (General of the Right) fled west to Dunhuang.
25
蒙遜入酒泉，禁侵掠，土民安堵。 以宋繇為吏部郎中，委之選舉； 涼之舊臣有才望者，鹹禮而且之。 以其子牧犍為灑泉太守。 敦煌太守李恂，翻之弟也，與翻等棄敦煌奔北山。 蒙遜以索嗣之子元緒行敦煌太守。
Meng Xun entered Jiuquan, forbade looting, and the people lived undisturbed. He appointed Song Yao Director in the Ministry of Personnel and entrusted appointments to him; and honored and retained every talented former Liang minister of standing. He made his son Mujian Governor of Jiuquan. Li Xun, Governor of Dunhuang and Fan's younger brother, abandoned Dunhuang with Fan and the others and fled to the northern mountains. Meng Xun appointed Yuanxu, son of Suo Si, acting Governor of Dunhuang.
26
蒙遜還姑臧，見涼太后尹氏而勞之，尹氏曰：「李氏為胡所滅，知復何言！」 或謂尹氏曰：「今母子之命在人掌握，奈何傲之！ 且國亡子死，曾無憂色，何也？」 尹氏曰：「存亡死生，皆有天命，奈何更如凡人，為兒女子之悲乎！ 吾老婦人，國亡家破，豈可復惜餘生，為人臣妝乎！ 惟速死為幸耳。」 蒙遜嘉而赦之，娶其女為牧犍婦。
Meng Xun returned to Guzang, visited Empress Dowager Yin of Liang, and offered condolences. Lady Yin said: "The Li house has been destroyed by barbarians—what more is there to say! Someone told Lady Yin: "Mother and son now hold their lives in another's hand—how can you be so defiant! Your state is lost and your son is dead, yet you show no sorrow—why?" Lady Yin said: "Whether one lives or dies is Heaven's decree—why act like ordinary folk and weep like women and children! I am an old woman whose state and house are ruined—why should I cling to life or play the dutiful subject! Only a quick death would be a mercy." Meng Xun admired her spirit and spared her, giving his daughter to Mujian in marriage.
27
八月，辛未，追謚妃臧氏為敬皇后。 癸酉，立王太子義符為皇太子。
In the eighth month, on day xinwei, Consort Zang was posthumously honored as Empress Jing. On day guiyou Crown Prince Yifu was named heir apparent.
28
閏月，壬午，詔晉帝諸陵悉署守衛。
In the intercalary month, on day renwu, an edict placed guards at all Jin imperial tombs.
29
九月，秦振武將軍王基等襲河西王蒙遜胡園戍，俘二千餘人而還。
In the ninth month Qin's General Who Inspires Martial Valor Wang Ji and others raided Meng Xun's garrison at Huyuan, captured more than two thousand men, and withdrew.
30
李恂在敦煌在惠政。 索元緒粗險好殺，大失人和。 郡人宋承、張弘信招恂。 冬，恂帥數十騎入敦煌，元緒東奔涼興。 承等推恂為冠軍將軍、涼州刺史，改元永建。 河西王蒙遜遣世子政德攻敦煌，恂閉城不戰。
Li Xun was in Dunhuang and governed with kindness. Suo Yuanxu was brutal and bloodthirsty and lost the people's hearts. Song Cheng and Zhang Hongxin of the commandery invited Li Xun back. In winter Li Xun entered Dunhuang with several dozen horsemen while Yuanxu fled east to Liangxing. Cheng and the others made Li Xun General Who Conquers the Enemy and Governor of Liang and adopted the era name Yongjian. Meng Xun sent his heir Zhengde against Dunhuang; Li Xun shut the gates and refused battle.
31
十二月，丁亥，可城羌酋狄溫子帥三千餘家降魏。
In the twelfth month, on day dinghai, the Qiang chieftain Di Wenzi of Kecheng led more than three thousand households in surrender to Wei.
32
是歲，魏姚夫人卒，追謚昭哀皇后。
That year Lady Yao of Wei died and was posthumously honored as Empress Zhao'ai.
33
高祖武皇帝永初二年（ 辛酉，公元四二一年）
Second year of Yongchu of Emperor Wu, the founding emperor ( xinyou, AD 421)
34
春，正月，辛酉，上祀南郊，大赦。
In spring, the first month, on day xinyou, the emperor sacrificed at the southern suburb and granted a general amnesty.
35
裴子野論曰：夫郊祀天地，修歲事也。 赦彼有罪，夫何為哉！
Pei Ziye wrote: Sacrificing to Heaven and Earth at the suburban altars fulfills the year's rites. To pardon criminals at such a time—what is the point!
36
以揚州刺史廬陵王義真為司徒，尚書僕射徐羨之為尚書令、揚州刺史，中書令傅亮為尚書僕射。
Prince of Luling Yizhen was made Minister over the Masses; Xu Xianzhi became Director of the Secretariat and Governor of Yangzhou; Fu Liang became Vice Minister of the Secretariat.
37
辛未，魏主行如公陽。
On day xinwei the Wei emperor traveled to Gongyang.
38
河西王蒙遜帥眾二萬攻李恂於敦煌。
Meng Xun led twenty thousand men to attack Li Xun at Dunhuang.
39
秦王熾磐遣征北將軍木弈干、輔國將軍元基攻上邽，遇霖雨而還。
King Qin Chiqian sent Muyigan, General Who Conquers the North, and Yuanji, General Who Supports the State, against Shanggui, but heavy rains forced them back.
40
三月，甲子，魏陽平王熙卒。
In the third month, on day jiazi, Prince of Yangping Xi of Wei died.
41
魏主發代者六千人築苑，東包白登，週三十餘里。
The Wei emperor mobilized six thousand men from Dai to build a park enclosing Baideng on the east, more than thirty li around.
42
河西王蒙遜築堤壅水以灌敦煌； 李恂乞降，不許。 恂將宋承等舉城降。 恂自殺。 蒙遜屠其城，獲恂弟子寶，囚於姑臧。 於是西域諸國皆詣蒙遜稱臣朝貢。
Meng Xun built dikes to dam the waters and flood Dunhuang; Li Xun sued for surrender but was refused. Li Xun's generals Song Cheng and others surrendered the city. Li Xun killed himself. Meng Xun sacked the city, seized Li Xun's nephew Bao, and imprisoned him at Guzang. Thereupon the states of the Western Regions all came to Meng Xun as subjects bearing tribute.
43
夏，四月，己卯朔，詔所在淫祠自蔣子文以下皆除之； 其先賢及以勳德立祠者，不在此例。
In summer, the fourth month, on the first day jimao, an edict abolished improper shrines from Jiang Ziwen downward throughout the realm; shrines to former sages and those erected for merit were excepted.
44
吐谷渾王阿柴遣使降秦，秦王熾磐以阿柴為征西大將軍、開府儀同三司、安州牧、白蘭王。
King Achai of Tuyuhun sent envoys to submit to Qin; King Qin Chiqian made him Grand General Who Conquers the West, Holder of the Grand Precedence, Governor of Anzhou, and King of Bailan.
45
六月，乙酉，魏主北巡至蟠羊山。 秋，七月，西巡至河。
In the sixth month, on day yiyou, the Wei emperor toured north to Panyang Mountain. In autumn, the seventh month, he toured west to the Yellow River.
46
河西王蒙遜遣右衛將軍沮渠鄯善、建節將軍沮渠苟生帥眾七千伐秦。 秦王熾磐遣征北將軍木弈乾等師步騎五千拒之，敗鄯善等於五澗，虜苟生，斬首二千而還。
Meng Xun sent Juqu Shanshan, General of the Right Guard, and Juqu Gousheng, General Who Establishes the Standard, with seven thousand men against Qin. King Qin Chiqian sent Muyigan with five thousand foot and horse to meet them, routed Shanshan at Wujian, captured Gousheng, took two thousand heads, and withdrew.
47
初，帝以毒酒一甕授前琅邪郎中令張偉，使鴆零陵王，偉歎曰：「鴆君以求生，不如死！」 乃於道自飲而卒。 偉，邵之兄也。 太常褚秀之、侍中褚淡之，皆王之妃兄也。 王每生男，帝輒令秀之兄弟方便殺之。 王自遜位，深慮禍及，與褚妃共處一室，自煮食於床前，飲食所資，皆出褚妃，故宋人莫得伺其隙。 九月，帝令淡之與兄右衛將軍叔度往視妃，妃出就別室相見。 兵人逾垣而入，進藥於王。 王不肯飲，曰：「佛教，自殺者不復得人身。」 兵人以被掩殺之。 帝帥百官臨於朝堂三日。
Earlier the emperor gave Zhang Wei, former Director of Langya, a jar of poisoned wine and ordered him to poison the Prince of Lingling. Wei sighed: "To poison one's lord to save oneself—better to die!" He drank it on the road and died. Wei was the elder brother of Shao. Chu Xiuzhi, Minister of Ceremonies, and Chu Danzhi, Attendant-in-Ordinary, were both brothers of the prince's consort. Whenever the prince had a son, the emperor had the Chu brothers find a way to kill the child. After his abdication the prince lived in constant fear; he shared one room with Lady Chu, cooked at his bedside, and ate only what she provided, so the Song agents found no opening. In the ninth month the emperor sent Danzhi and his brother Shudu, General of the Right Guard, to visit the consort; she met them in a separate room. Soldiers scaled the wall, entered, and presented poison to the prince. The prince refused and said: "In Buddhism, one who kills himself cannot be reborn human." The soldiers smothered him with a quilt. The emperor led the officials in mourning at court for three days.
48
庚戌，魏主還宮。
On day gengxu the Wei emperor returned to his palace.
49
冬，十月，己亥，詔以河西王蒙遜為鎮軍大將軍、開府儀同三司、涼州刺史。
In winter, the tenth month, on day jihai, an edict made Meng Xun Grand General Who Pacifies the Army, Holder of the Grand Precedence, and Governor of Liang.
50
己亥，魏主如代。
On day jihai the Wei emperor went to Dai.
51
十一月，辛亥，葬晉恭帝於沖平陵，帝帥百官瞻送。
In the eleventh month, on day xinhai, Emperor Gong of Jin was buried at Chongping Mausoleum; the emperor led the officials to the funeral.
52
十二月，丙申，魏主西巡，至雲中。
In the twelfth month, on day bingshen, the Wei emperor toured west to Yunzhong.
53
秦王熾磐遣征西將軍孔子等帥騎二萬擊契汗禿真於羅種。
King Qin Chiqian sent Kongzi, General Who Conquers the West, with twenty thousand horse against Qihan Tufa at Luozhong.
54
河西王蒙遜所署晉昌太守唐契據郡叛，蒙遜遣世子政德討之。 契，瑤之子也。 上之為宋公也，謝瞻為宋台中書侍郎，其弟晦為右衛將軍。 時晦權遇已重，自彭城還都迎家，兵客輻湊，門巷填咽。 瞻在家，驚駭，謂晦曰：「汝名位未多，而人歸趣乃爾！ 吾家素以恬退為業，不願幹豫時事，交遊不過親朋。 而汝遂勢傾朝野，此豈門戶之福邪！」 乃以籬隔門庭曰：「吾不忍見此。」 乃還彭城，言於宋公曰：「臣本素士，父祖位不過二千石。 弟年始三十，志用凡近，榮冠台府，位任顯密。 福過災生，其應無遠； 特乞降黜，以保衰門。」 前後屢陳之。 晦或以朝廷密事語瞻，瞻故向親舊陳說，用為戲笑，以絕其言。 及上即位，晦以佐命功，位任益重，瞻愈憂懼。 是歲，瞻為豫章太守，遇病不療。 臨終，遺晦書曰：「吾得啟體幸全，亦何所恨！ 弟思自勉勵，為國為家。」
Tang Qi, Meng Xun's appointee as Governor of Jinchang, rebelled and held the commandery; Meng Xun sent his heir Zhengde against him. Qi was the son of Yao. When Liu Yu was Duke of Song, Xie Zhan was Attendant Gentleman of the Secretariat and his younger brother Hui was General of the Right Guard. By then Hui's power was already great; returning from Pengcheng to fetch his family, his soldiers and clients packed the lanes until they could scarcely pass. Zhan was home and alarmed. He told Hui: "Your rank is not yet high, yet people flock to you like this! Our family has always valued quiet withdrawal; we do not wish to meddle in affairs, and our circle extends no farther than kin and friends. Yet you now dominate court and countryside—is this a blessing to our house!" He put up a fence across the courtyard and said: "I cannot bear to see this." He returned to Pengcheng and told the Duke of Song: "I was originally a plain scholar; my father and grandfather never rose above two-thousand-bushel rank. My brother is only thirty, his talents ordinary, yet his honors crown the Terrace and his posts are weighty and exposed. When fortune exceeds its measure, disaster follows—the reckoning cannot be far off; I beg that he be demoted to preserve our house." He pleaded this again and again. When Hui confided court secrets, Zhan would repeat them to kin and friends as a joke, to stop such talk. When Liu Yu took the throne, Hui's founding merit made his power still greater, and Zhan grew more afraid. That year Zhan was Governor of Yuzhang; he fell ill and refused treatment. On his deathbed he wrote Hui: "I leave with body intact—what is there to regret! Brother, strive on—for the state and for our family."
55
高祖武皇帝永初三年（ 壬戌，公元四二二年）
Third year of Yongchu of Emperor Wu, the founding emperor ( renxu, AD 422)
56
春，正月，甲辰朔，魏主自雲中西巡，至屋竇城。
In spring, the first month, on the first day jiachen, the Wei emperor toured west from Yunzhong to Wudou City.
57
癸丑，以徐羨之為司空、錄尚書事，刺史如故； 江州刺史王弘為衛將軍、開府儀同三司； 中領軍謝晦為領軍將軍兼散騎常侍，入直殿省，總統宿衛。 徐羨之起自布衣，又無術學，直以志力局度。 一旦居廓廟，朝野推服，鹹謂有宰臣之望。 沈密寡言，不以憂喜見色。 頗工弈棋，觀戲常若未解，當世倍以此推之。 傅亮、蔡廓常言：「徐公曉萬事，安異同。」 嘗與傅亮、謝晦宴聚，亮、晦才學辯博，羨之風度詳整，時然後言。 鄭鮮之歎曰：「觀徐、傅言論，不復以學問為長。」
On day guichou Xu Xianzhi was made Minister of Works and Recorder of Affairs of the Secretariat, retaining his governorship; Wang Hong, Governor of Jiangzhou, was made General of the Guard and Holder of the Grand Precedence; Xie Hui, Central Commander of the Army, was made General of the Palace Army and Regular Attendant, entered attendance in the palace, and took charge of the night guard. Xu Xianzhi had risen from common origins without scholarly training; he relied on will, force of character, and breadth of judgment. Once he reached the highest office, court and country deferred to him; all said he had the makings of a chief minister. Deep and reserved, he rarely spoke and never showed joy or sorrow on his face. He was skilled at chess; when watching games he often seemed not to understand, and contemporaries esteemed him all the more for it. Fu Liang and Cai Kuo often said: "Master Xu understands everything and settles disputes." At a banquet with Fu Liang and Xie Hui, Liang and Hui were learned and eloquent; Xianzhi's bearing was measured, and he spoke only when the moment required. Zheng Xianzhi sighed: "Watching Xu and Fu talk, one no longer thinks learning is what matters most."
58
秦征西將軍孔子等大破契汗禿真，獲男女二萬口，牛羊五十餘萬頭。 禿真帥騎數千西走，其別部樹奚帥戶五千降秦。
Kongzi, Qin's General Who Conquers the West, routed Qihan Tufa, taking twenty thousand people and more than five hundred thousand head of cattle and sheep. Tufa fled west with several thousand horse; his subordinate Shuxi surrendered with five thousand households.
59
二月，丁丑，詔分豫州淮以東為南豫州，治歷陽，以彭城王義康為刺史。 又分荊州十郡置湘州，治臨湘，以左衛將軍張邵為刺史。
In the second month, on day dingchou, an edict split off the region east of the Huai as Southern Yuzhou, seat at Liyang, with Prince of Pengcheng Yikang as governor. Ten commanderies of Jingzhou were set apart as Xiangzhou, seat at Linxiang, with Zhang Shao, General of the Left Guard, as governor.
60
丙戌，魏主還宮。
On day bingxu the Wei emperor returned to his palace.
61
三月，上不豫，太尉長沙王道憐、司空徐羨之、尚書僕射傅亮、領軍將軍謝晦、護軍將軍檀道濟並入侍醫藥。 群臣請祈禱神祇，上不許，唯使侍中謝方明以疾告宗廟而已。 上性不信奇怪，微時多符瑞，及貴，史官審以所聞，上拒而不答。
In the third month the emperor fell ill; Dao Lian, Prince of Changsha and Grand Commandant; Xu Xianzhi, Minister of Works; Fu Liang, Vice Minister of the Secretariat; Xie Hui, General of the Palace Army; and Tan Daoji, General Who Protects the Army, all attended him. The ministers asked to pray to the gods; the emperor refused and had Attendant-in-Ordinary Xie Fangming report the illness to the ancestral temple only. The emperor did not believe in omens; in his humble days there had been many portents, but once he rose high he ignored what the historiographers reported.
62
檀道濟出為鎮北將軍、南兗州刺史，鎮廣陵，悉監淮南諸軍。
Tan Daoji went out as General Who Pacifies the North and Governor of Southern Yanzhou, stationed at Guangling with command of all forces south of the Huai.
63
皇太子多狎群小，謝晦言於上曰：「陛下春秋既高，宜思存萬世，神器至重，不可使負荷非才。」 上曰：「廬陵何如？」 晦曰：「臣請觀焉。」 出造廬陵王義真，義真盛欲與談，晦不甚答。 還曰：「德輕於才，非人主也。」 丁未，出義真為都督南豫、豫、雍、司、秦、並六州諸軍事、車騎將軍、開府儀同三司、南豫州刺史。 是後，大州率加都督，多者或至五十州，不可復詳載矣。
The crown prince spent too much time with low companions. Xie Hui said to the emperor: "Your Majesty is growing old; you should think of securing the realm for generations to come. The throne is too weighty to rest on someone without the talent to bear it. The emperor asked: "What of Luling?" Hui replied: "Let me go and see for myself." He went out to call on Prince of Luling Yizhen, who was eager to talk at length, but Hui answered little. On his return he reported: "His virtue falls short of his talent—he is not fit to be a sovereign." On day dingwei, Yizhen was posted out as commander of military affairs in Southern Yu, Yu, Yong, Si, Qin, and Bing; General of Chariots and Cavalry; with the Grand Duchy privilege of an office equal to the Three Excellencies; and Governor of Southern Yu. Thereafter, large provinces were routinely placed under governors-general; some posts reached as many as fifty provinces, and the full list cannot be given here.
64
帝疾瘳，己未，大赦。
When the emperor's illness eased, a general amnesty was declared on day jiwei.
65
秦、雍流民南入梁州； 庚申，遣使送絹萬匹，且漕荊、雍之谷以賑之。
Refugees from Qin and Yong poured south into Liangzhou; on day gengshen the court sent envoys with ten thousand bolts of silk and shipped grain from Jing and Yong by canal to feed them.
66
刁逵之誅也，其子彌亡命。 辛酉，彌帥數十人入京口城，太尉留府司馬陸仲元擊斬之。
After Diao Kui was put to death, his son Mi went into hiding. On day xinyou, Mi led several dozen men into Jingkou. Lu Zhongyuan, acting chief administrator at the Grand Commandant's headquarters, attacked and killed him.
67
乙丑，魏河南王曜卒。
On day yichou, Yao, Prince of Henan in Wei, died.
68
夏，四月，甲戌，魏立皇子燾為太平王，拜相國，加大將軍； 丕為樂平王，彌為安定王，范為樂安王，健為永昌王，崇為建寧王，俊為新興王。
In summer, the fourth month, on day jiaxu, Wei made the imperial son Tuo Prince of Taiping, named him Chancellor, and promoted him to Grand General; Pi was made Prince of Leping, Mi Prince of Anding, Fan Prince of Le'an, Jian Prince of Yongchang, Chong Prince of Jianning, and Jun Prince of Xinxing.
69
乙亥，詔封仇池公楊盛為武都王。
On day yihai, an edict enfeoffed Yang Sheng, Duke of Chouchi, as King of Wudu.
70
秦王熾磐以折衝將軍乞伏是辰為西胡校尉。 築列渾城於汁羅以鎮之。
King Chiqian of Qin appointed Qifu Shichen, General Who Breaks the Charge, as Colonel of the Western Barbarians. He built Liehun Fort at Zhiruo to hold the region.
71
五月，帝疾甚，召太子誡之曰：「檀道濟雖有干略，而無遠志，非如兄韶有難御之氣也。 徐羨之、傅亮，當無異圖。 謝晦數從征伐，頗識機變，若有同異，必此人也。」 又為手詔曰：「後世若有幼主，朝事一委宰相，母后不煩臨朝。」 司空徐羨之、中書令傅亮、領軍將軍謝晦、鎮北將軍檀道濟同被顧命。 癸亥，帝殂於西殿。
In the fifth month the emperor's illness grew grave. He summoned the crown prince and warned him: "Tan Daoji has talent and strategy, but no far-reaching ambition—not like your brother Shao, whose spirit is hard to restrain. Xu Xianzhi and Fu Liang should have no designs of their own. Xie Hui has campaigned with me many times and knows how to read a moment; if anyone turns against you, it will be he." He also wrote a personal edict: "If a child ever succeeds to the throne, all court business shall go to the chancellor alone, and the empress dowager need not attend to government." Minister of Works Xu Xianzhi, Director of the Secretariat Fu Liang, General of the Palace Army Xie Hui, and General Who Pacifies the North Tan Daoji were all named regents. On day guihai the emperor died in the Western Hall.
72
帝清簡寡慾，嚴整有法度，被服居處，儉於布素，游宴甚稀，嬪御至少。 嘗得後秦高祖從女，有盛寵，頗以廢事； 謝晦微諫，即時遣出。 財帛皆在外府，內無私藏。 嶺南嘗獻入筒細布，一端八丈，帝惡其精麗勞人，即付有司彈太守，以布還之，並制嶺南禁作此布。 公主出適，遣送不過二十萬，無錦繡之物。 內外奉禁，莫敢為侈靡。
The emperor lived plainly and with few desires, stern and disciplined. His dress and quarters were simpler than homespun; feasts were rare and his consorts few. Once he took a niece of Later Qin's founding emperor as a favorite and neglected affairs of state; Xie Hui remonstrated gently, and the emperor at once sent her away. Wealth and goods were kept in the public treasury; he kept no private store within the palace. Lingnan once sent tube-woven fine cloth, eight zhang to the bolt. The emperor hated its fineness and the labor it cost the people; he had the governor impeached, returned the cloth, and forbade Lingnan to make it. When a princess married out, her dowry never exceeded two hundred thousand cash and included no brocade or embroidery. Inside the palace and out, all obeyed these restrictions, and none dared live lavishly.
73
太子即皇帝位，年十七，大赦，尊皇太后曰太皇太后，立妃司馬氏為皇后。 後，晉恭帝女海鹽公主也。
The crown prince took the throne at seventeen, declared a general amnesty, honored the empress dowager as grand empress dowager, and installed Lady Sima as empress. She was Princess of Haiyan, daughter of Emperor Gong of Jin.
74
魏主服寒食散，頻年藥發，災異屢見，頗以自憂。 遣中使密問白馬公崔浩曰：「屬者日食趙、代之分。 朕疾彌年不愈，恐一旦不諱，諸子並少，將若之何？ 其為我思身後之計。」 浩曰：「陛下春秋富盛，行就平愈； 必不得已，請陳瞽言。 自聖代龍興，不崇儲貳，是以永興之始，社稷幾危。 今宜早建東宮。 選賢公卿以為師傅，左右信臣以為賓友； 入總萬機，出撫戎政。 如此，則陛下可以優遊無為，頤神養壽。 萬歲之後。 國有成主，民有所歸，奸宄息望，禍無自生矣。 皇子燾年將周星，明睿溫和，立子以長，禮之大經，若必待成人然後擇之，倒錯天倫，則召亂之道也。」 魏主復以問南平公長孫嵩。 對曰：「立長則順，置賢則人服； 燾長且賢，天所命也。」 帝從之，立太平王燾為皇太子，使之居正殿臨朝，為國副主。 以長孫嵩及山陽公奚斤、北新公安同為左輔，坐東廂，西面； 崔浩與太尉穆觀、散騎常侍代人丘堆為右弼，坐西廂，東面； 百官總己以焉」帝避居西宮，時隱而窺之，聽其決斷，大悅，謂會議臣曰：「嵩宿德舊臣，歷事四世，功存社稷； 斤辯捷智謀，名聞遐邇； 同曉解俗情，明練於事； 觀達於政要，識吾旨趣； 浩博聞強識，精察天人； 霍雖無大用，然在公專謹。 以此六人輔相太子，吾與汝曹巡行四境，伐叛柔服，足以得志於天下矣。
The Wei emperor took cold-food powder; for years its effects recurred, omens appeared again and again, and he grew anxious. He sent a palace envoy to consult Cui Hao, Duke of Baima, in secret: "Recently there was an eclipse over the Zhao and Dai regions. My illness has lingered for years without recovery. I fear I may die suddenly; my sons are all still young—what is to be done? Think out a plan for what comes after my death." Hao replied: "Your Majesty is still in the prime of life and will soon recover; but if it must be said, I beg leave to offer blind counsel. Since our dynasty rose, we have not honored an heir apparent, and at the start of Yongxing the state nearly came to ruin. The Eastern Palace should be established at once. Choose worthy ministers as tutors and trusted courtiers as companions; let him manage all affairs within and military policy without. Then Your Majesty may rest at ease, tending your spirit and prolonging your years. After ten thousand years, the realm will have a settled ruler, the people a place to turn, traitors will abandon their hopes, and trouble will have no way to arise. The imperial son Tuo will soon complete his first year; he is bright, wise, and gentle. To establish the eldest son is the great rule of ritual; to wait until adulthood before choosing would overturn the natural order and invite disorder." The Wei emperor put the same question to Changsun Song, Duke of Nanping. He answered: "To establish the eldest is orderly; to install the worthy wins men's hearts; Tuo is eldest and worthy—it is Heaven's decree." The emperor agreed, installed Prince of Taiping Tuo as crown prince, had him hold court in the main hall, and made him deputy ruler of the state. He appointed Changsun Song, Xi Jin, Duke of Shanyang, and An Tong, Duke of Beixin, as left assistants; they sat in the eastern wing, facing west; Cui Hao, Grand Commandant Mu Guan, and Attendant Cavalier in Ordinary Qiu Dui of Dai were right assistants; they sat in the western wing, facing east; All officials submitted their business to the crown prince for judgment." The emperor withdrew to the Western Palace, sometimes hiding nearby to watch and listen to his decisions, and was greatly pleased. He told the ministers in council: "Song is an old minister of long standing who has served four reigns and whose service has preserved the state; Jin is quick-witted and full of stratagem, his name known far and wide; Tong understands human affairs and is skilled in practical business; Guan grasps the essentials of government and knows my mind; Hao's learning is vast and his memory strong, with keen insight into Heaven and man; Though Huo lacks great talent, in office he is single-minded and careful. With these six to assist the crown prince, I and you can tour the four borders, crush rebels and win over the submissive, and that will be enough to fulfill our ambitions under Heaven."
75
嵩實姓拔拔，斤姓達奚，觀姓丘穆陵，堆姓丘敦。 是時，魏之群臣出於代北者，姓多重複，及高祖遷洛，始皆改之。 舊史患其煩雜難知，故皆從後姓以就簡易，今從之。
Song's original surname was Babba; Jin's was Daxi; Guan's was Qiumuling; Dui's was Qiudun. At this time, Wei ministers from north of Dai often bore compound surnames; when Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang, they all began to change them. Earlier histories found these names cumbersome and hard to follow, so they use the later surnames for simplicity; here we do the same.
76
魏主又以典東西部劉絜、門下奏事代人古弼、直郎徒河盧魯元忠謹恭勤，使之給侍東宮，分典機要，宣納辭令。 太子聰明，有大度。 群臣時奏所疑，帝曰：「此非我所知，當決之汝曹國主也。」
The Wei emperor also appointed Liu Jie of the Eastern and Western Sections, Gu Bi of the Gates who presented memorials, and Lu Luyuan of Straight Lang to attend the Eastern Palace because they were loyal and diligent; they shared control of state secrets and carried edicts in and out. The crown prince was intelligent and broad-minded. When ministers sometimes submitted doubtful matters, the emperor said: "This is not for me to decide—it should be settled by you, the ruler of the state."
77
六月，壬申，以尚書僕射傅亮為中書監、尚書令，以領軍將軍謝晦領中書令，侍中謝方明為丹陽尹。 方明善治郡，所至有能名； 承代前人，不易其政，必宜改者，則以漸移變，使無跡可尋。
In the sixth month, on day renshen, Fu Liang, Vice Minister of the Secretariat, was made Director of the Secretariat and Minister of the Secretariat; Xie Hui, General of the Palace Army, was additionally made Director of the Secretariat; and Xie Fangming, Attendant-in-Ordinary, was made Governor of Danyang. Fangming was skilled at governing commanderies and wherever he went earned a reputation for ability; He took over from his predecessors without overturning their policies; where change was needed, he altered things gradually so no trace could be seen.
78
戊子，長沙景王道憐卒。
On day wuzi, Dao Lian, Prince of Changsha and posthumously honored as Jing, died.
79
魏建義將軍刁雍寇青州，州兵擊破之。 雍收散卒。 走保大鄉山。
Diao Yong of Wei, General Who Establishes Righteousness, raided Qingzhou, and the provincial troops defeated him. Yong gathered his scattered troops. He fled and held out on Mount Daxiang.
80
秋，七月，己酉，葬武皇帝於初寧陵，廟號高祖。
In autumn, the seventh month, on day jiyou, Emperor Wu was buried at Chuning Mausoleum with the temple name Gaozu.
81
河西王蒙遜遣前將軍沮渠成都帥眾一萬，耀兵嶺南，遂屯五澗。 九月，秦王熾磐遣征北將軍出連虔等騎六千擊之。
Meng Xun, King of Hexi, sent Forward General Juqu Chengdu with ten thousand men to show force south of the mountains, then encamped at Wujian. In the ninth month, King Chiqian of Qin sent General Who Campaigns North Chu Lianqian and others with six thousand cavalry to attack them.
82
初，魏主聞高祖克長安，大懼，遣使請和，自是每歲交聘不絕。 及高祖殂，殿中將軍沈范等奉使在魏，還，及河，魏主遣人追執之，議發兵取洛陽、虎牢、滑台。 崔浩諫曰：「陛下不以劉裕欻起，納其使貢，裕亦敬事陛下。 不幸今死，遽乘喪伐之，雖得之，不足為美。 且國家今日亦未能一舉取江南也，而徒有伐喪之名，竊為陛下不取。 臣謂宜遣人弔祭，存其孤弱，恤其凶災，使義聲佈於天下，則江南不攻自服矣。 況裕新死，黨與未離，兵臨其境，必相帥拒戰，功不可必。 不如緩之，待其強臣爭權，變難必起，然後命將出帥，可以兵不疲勞，坐收淮北也。」 魏主曰：「劉裕乘姚興之死而滅之，今我乘裕喪而伐之，何為不可！」 浩曰：「不然。 姚興死，諸子交爭，故裕乘釁伐之。 今江南無釁，不可比也。」 魏主不從，假司空奚斤節，加晉兵大將軍、行揚州刺史，使督宋兵將軍、交州刺史周幾、吳兵將軍、廣州刺史公孫表同入寇。
At first, when the Wei emperor heard that Liu Yu had taken Chang'an, he was greatly alarmed and sent envoys to sue for peace; thereafter diplomatic exchanges never ceased from year to year. When Liu Yu died, Palace General Shen Fan and others were on embassy in Wei. On their return, when they reached the river, the Wei emperor sent men in pursuit to seize them, and the court debated sending troops to take Luoyang, Hulao, and Huatai. Cui Hao remonstrated: "Your Majesty accepted Liu Yu's envoys and tribute even though he rose suddenly, and Liu Yu treated Your Majesty with respect in turn. Now that he has died, to attack while the house is in mourning—even if you succeed, it will not be honorable. Moreover the state today cannot take Jiangnan in one stroke, yet you would gain only the name of attacking a house in mourning—I do not think this worthy of Your Majesty. I hold that you should send envoys to offer condolences, protect the orphaned and weak, and relieve their grief, so that righteous repute spreads through the realm—then Jiangnan will submit without a fight. Moreover Liu Yu has just died, his faction has not yet split, and if troops press their borders they will surely rally to resist—the outcome is not assured. Better to wait until his powerful ministers contend for power and strife breaks out; then send generals into the field and take Huaibei without weary troops." The Wei emperor said: "Liu Yu seized on Yao Xing's death to destroy him; why should I not seize on Liu Yu's death to attack Song!" Hao replied: "Not so. When Yao Xing died, his sons fought one another, and Liu Yu seized the opening to attack. Now there is no such opening in Jiangnan—it is not the same." The Wei emperor would not listen. He granted Xi Jin, acting Minister of Works, the credential seal, promoted him to Grand General of Jin armies and acting Governor of Yangzhou, and had him lead Song General Zhou Ji, Inspector of Jiao, and Wu General Gongsun Biao, Inspector of Guang, in a joint invasion.
83
乙巳，魏主如灅南宮，遂如廣寧。
On day yisi the Wei emperor went to Shuonan Palace, then on to Guangning.
84
辛亥，魏人築平城外郭，周圍三十二里。
On day xinhai the Wei built the outer wall of Pingcheng, thirty-two li around.
85
魏主如喬山，遂東如幽州。 冬，十月，甲戌，還宮。 魏軍將發，公卿集議於監國之前，以先攻城與先略地。 奚斤欲先攻城，崔浩曰：「南人長於守城，昔苻氏攻襄陽，經年不拔。 今以大兵坐攻小城，若不時克，挫傷軍勢，敵得徐嚴而來，我怠彼銳，此危道也。 不如分軍掄地，至淮為限，列置守宰，收斂租谷，則洛陽、滑台、虎牢更在軍北，絕望南救，必沿河東走； 不則為囿中之物，何憂其不獲也！」 公孫表固請攻城，魏主從之。 於是奚斤等帥步騎二萬，濟河，營於滑台之東。
The Wei emperor went to Qiao Mountain, then east to Youzhou. In winter, the tenth month, on day jiaxu, he returned to the palace. As the Wei army prepared to march, dukes and ministers assembled before the regent crown prince to debate whether to attack cities first or seize territory first. Xi Jin wanted to attack cities first. Cui Hao said: "Southerners excel at defense; when the Former Qin attacked Xiangyang, it could not be taken for a year. Now to sit a great army before small cities—if they are not taken quickly, morale suffers; the enemy can fortify at leisure and come against us weary while they are fresh. That is a dangerous course. Better to divide the army and sweep the land as far as the Huai, station officials to collect grain and taxes—then Luoyang, Huatai, and Hulao will lie north of our army, cut off from southern relief, and the enemy must flee east along the river; otherwise they become beasts in a pen—why worry that they cannot be taken!" Gongsun Biao pressed hard for attacking cities, and the Wei emperor agreed. Thereupon Xi Jin and others led twenty thousand foot and horse, crossed the river, and encamped east of Huatai.
86
時司州刺史毛德祖戍虎牢，東郡太守王景度告急於德祖，德祖遣司馬翟廣等將步騎三千救之。
At this time Mao Dezu, governor of Sizhou, held Hulao; Wang Jingdu, administrator of Dongjun, sent Dezu an urgent appeal, and Dezu dispatched Major Zhai Guang and others with three thousand foot and horse to the rescue.
87
先是，司馬楚之聚眾在陳留之境，聞魏兵濟河，遣使迎降。 魏以楚之為征南將軍、荊州刺史，使侵擾北境。 德祖遣長社令王法政將五百人戍邵陵，將軍劉憐將二百騎戍雍丘以備之。 楚之引兵襲憐，不克。 會台送軍資，憐出迎之，酸棗民王玉馳以告魏。 丁酉，魏尚書滑稽引兵襲倉垣，兵吏悉逾城走，陳留太守馮翊嚴稜詣斤降。 魏以王玉為陳留太守，給兵守倉垣。
Earlier Sima Chuzhi had gathered forces in the Chenliu region; when he heard Wei troops had crossed the river, he sent an envoy to submit. The Wei made Chuzhi General Who Conquers the South and governor of Jingzhou, and sent him to harass the northern border. Dezu sent Wang Fazheng, magistrate of Changshe, with five hundred men to hold Shaoling, and General Liu Lian with two hundred horsemen to hold Yongqiu against him. Chuzhi led troops against Lian but failed to break him. When the court sent military supplies, Lian went out to meet the convoy; Wang Yu, a commoner of Suanzao, rode posthaste to inform the Wei. On day dingyou Minister Huaji of Wei led troops in a surprise attack on Cangyuan; the garrison fled over the walls; Yan Ling of Fufeng, administrator of Chenliu, went to Xi Jin and surrendered. The Wei appointed Wang Yu administrator of Chenliu and supplied troops to hold Cangyuan.
88
奚斤等攻滑台，不拔，求益兵。 魏主怒，切責之； 壬辰，自將諸國兵五萬餘人南出天關，逾恆嶺，為斤等聲援。
Xi Jin and others besieged Huatai without success and asked for more troops. The Wei emperor was furious and rebuked them sharply; On day renchen he personally led more than fifty thousand troops from the federated states south through Tianguan, crossed Heng Ridge, to reinforce Xi Jin's forces.
89
秦出連虔與河西沮渠成都戰，禽之。
Qin's Chulian Qian fought Juqu Chengdu of Hexi and took him captive.
90
十一月，魏太子燾將兵出屯塞上，使安定王彌與安同居守。
In the eleventh month Crown Prince Tao of Wei led troops to encamp on the frontier, leaving Prince Ni of Anding and An Tong to guard the capital together.
91
庚戌，奚斤等急攻滑台，拔之。 王景度出走； 景度司馬陽瓚為魏所執，不降而死。 魏主以成皋侯苟兒為兗州刺史，鎮滑台。
On day gengxu Xi Jin and others pressed the attack on Huatai and captured it. Wang Jingdu fled; Jingdu's major Yang Zan was captured by the Wei, refused to surrender, and was put to death. The Wei emperor made Gou Er, Marquis of Chenggao, governor of Yanzhou and posted him at Huatai.
92
斤等進擊翟廣等於土樓，破之，乘勝進逼虎牢； 毛德祖與戰，屢破之。 魏主別遣黑槊將軍於栗磾將三千人屯河陽，謀取金墉，德祖遣振威將軍竇晃等緣河拒之。 十二月，丙戌，魏主至冀州，遣楚兵將軍、徐州刺史叔孫建將兵自平原濟河，徇青、兗。 豫州刺史劉粹遣治中高道瑾將步騎五百據項城，徐州刺史王仲德將兵屯湖陸。 於栗磾濟河，與奚斤並力攻竇晃等，破之。
Jin's forces advanced against Zhai Guang and others at Tulou, routed them, and pressed on toward Hulao; Mao Dezu engaged them in battle and routed them again and again. The Wei emperor separately dispatched General Yu Libo of the Black Spear with three thousand men to encamp at Heyang, intending to seize Jinyong; Dezu sent General Dou Huang Who Quells Might and others to hold the river line against him. In the twelfth month, on day bingxu, the Wei emperor reached Jizhou and dispatched Shusun Jian, General of Chu Troops and governor of Xuzhou, to cross from Pingyuan and overrun Qing and Yan provinces. Liu Cui, governor of Yuzhou, sent Chief Clerk Gao Daojin with five hundred foot and horse to hold Xiangcheng; Wang Zhongde, governor of Xuzhou, encamped at Huluo. Yu Libo crossed the river, joined Xi Jin, and together broke Dou Huang's force.
93
魏主遣中領軍代人娥清、期思侯柔然閭大肥將兵七千人會周幾、叔孫建南渡河，軍於碻磝。 癸未，兗州刺史徐琰棄尹卯南走，於是泰山、高平、金鄉等郡皆沒於魏。 叔孫建等東入青州，司馬愛之、季之先聚眾於濟東，皆降於魏。
The Wei emperor sent E Qing of the Dai clan, Central Palace Guard, and Lü Dafei, Marquis of Qisi of the Rouran, with seven thousand men to join Zhou Ji and Shusun Jian in crossing south, and encamped at Qiao'ao. On day guiwei Xu Yan, governor of Yanzhou, abandoned Yimao and fled south; Taishan, Gaoping, Jinxiang, and other commanderies thereupon fell to the Wei. Shusun Jian and others pushed east into Qingzhou; Sima Aizhi and Jizhi, who had earlier gathered forces east of the Ji, all submitted to the Wei.
94
戊子，魏兵逼虎牢，青州刺史東莞竺夔鎮東陽城，遣使告急。
On day wuzi Wei troops pressed Hulao; Zhu Kui of Dongguan, governor of Qingzhou, held Dongyang City and sent an urgent appeal for help.
95
己丑，詔南兗州刺史檀道濟監征討諸軍事，與王仲德共救之。 廬陵王義真遣龍驤將軍沈叔狸將三千人就劉粹，量宜赴援。 秦王熾磐征秦州牧曇達為左丞相、征東大將軍。
On day jichou an edict made Tan Daoji, governor of Nanyanzhou, director of the campaign armies, to join Wang Zhongde in the relief effort. Prince Yizhen of Luling sent General Shen Shuli of the Flying Dragon with three thousand men to Liu Cui's aid, to reinforce wherever need was greatest. Chi'pan, king of Qin, appointed Tanda, governor of Qinzhou, Left Chancellor and Grand General Who Conquers the East.
96
高祖武皇帝景平元年（ 癸亥，公元四二三年）
First year of Jingping of Emperor Wu, the founding emperor ( guihai, 423 CE)
97
春，正月，己亥朔，大赦，改元。
In spring, the first month, on the new moon of day jihai, a general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name was changed.
98
辛丑，帝禮南郊。
On day xinchou the emperor performed the suburban rites at the Southern Altar.
99
魏-{于}-栗磾攻金墉，癸卯，河南太守王涓之棄城走。 魏主以栗磾為豫州刺史，鎮洛陽。
Yu Libo of Wei attacked Jinyong; on day guimao Wang Juanzhi, administrator of Henan, abandoned the city and fled. The Wei emperor made Libo governor of Yuzhou and posted him at Luoyang.
100
魏主南巡垣岳，丙辰，至鄴。
The Wei emperor toured south to Yuanyue; on day bingchen he reached Ye.
101
己未，詔征豫章太守蔡廓為吏部尚書。 廓謂傅亮曰：「選事若悉以見付，不論； 不然，不能拜也。」 亮以語錄尚書徐羨之，羨之曰：「黃、散以下悉以委蔡，吾徒不復措懷； 自此以上，故宜共參同異。」 廓曰：「我不能為塗干木署紙尾！」 遂不拜。 干木，羨之小字也。 選案黃紙，錄尚書與吏部沿書連名，教訓廓云然。
On day jiwei an edict summoned Cai Kuo, administrator of Yuzhang, to the post of Minister of Personnel. Kuo said to Fu Liang: "If the entire business of appointments is entrusted to me, I have no objection; otherwise I cannot accept the post." Liang repeated this to Xu Xianzhi, Recording Secretary; Xianzhi said: "From Palace Attendant and below, everything goes to Cai—we need not trouble ourselves further; for offices above that level, we should consult together on decisions." Kuo said: "I will not be Ganmu Tu countersigning at the bottom of the dispatch! He declined the post. Ganmu was Xianzhi's childhood name. Appointment cases were written on yellow paper, with the Recording Secretary and the Ministry of Personnel signing in turn on the same document—this was what Xianzhi had told Kuo.
102
沈約論曰：「蔡廓固辭銓衡，恥為志屈； 豈不知選、錄同體，義無偏斷乎！ 良以主暗時難，不欲居通塞之任。 遠矣哉！
Shen Yue commented: "Cai Kuo firmly refused the post of Minister of Personnel, unwilling to bend his principles; Did he not know that the Ministry of Personnel and the Recording Secretary are one body, and that impartial judgment is impossible? In truth the emperor was weak and the times treacherous—he did not wish to hold an office that decided who would pass and who would be blocked. How far he saw!
103
庚申，檀道濟軍於彭城。
On day gengshen Tan Daoji took position at Pengcheng.
104
魏叔孫建入臨淄，所向城邑皆潰。 竺夔聚民保東陽城，其不入城者，使各依據山險，芟夷禾稼。 魏軍至，無所得食。 濟南太守垣苗帥眾依夔。
Shusun Jian of Wei entered Linzi; city after city fell before him. Zhu Kui gathered the people into Dongyang City; those who remained outside he sent to mountain fastnesses and had the grain crops destroyed. When the Wei army arrived, it found nothing to eat. Yuan Miao, administrator of Jinan, led his forces to join Zhu Kui.
105
刁雍見魏主於鄴，魏主曰：「叔孫建等入青州，民皆藏避，攻城不下。 彼素服卿威信，今遣卿助之。」 乃以雍為青州刺史，給雍騎，使行募兵以取青州。 魏兵濟河向青州者凡六萬騎，刁雍募兵得五千人，撫慰士民，皆送租供軍。
Diao Yong had audience with the Wei emperor at Ye; the emperor said: "Shusun Jian and others entered Qingzhou; the people all hid and fled; cities cannot be taken by assault. They have long respected your authority; I now send you to assist them." He then made Yong governor of Qingzhou, gave him cavalry, and had him recruit troops on the march to take Qingzhou. Wei horsemen who crossed toward Qingzhou totaled sixty thousand; Diao Yong raised five thousand more, reassured the people, and all sent grain levies to supply the army.
106
柔然寇魏邊。 二月，戊辰，魏築長城，自赤城西至五原，延袤二千餘里，備置戍卒，以備柔然。
The Rouran raided the Wei border. In the second month, on day wuchen, the Wei built the Great Wall from west of Chicheng to Wuyuan, more than two thousand li long, with garrisons stationed along it against the Rouran.
107
丁丑，太皇太后蕭氏殂。
On day dingchou the Grand Empress Dowager, Lady Xiao, died.
108
河西王蒙遜及吐谷渾王阿柴皆遣使入貢。 庚辰，詔以蒙遜為都督涼、秦、河、沙四州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、涼州牧、河西王； 以阿柴為督塞表諸軍事、安西將軍、沙州刺史、澆河公。
Mengsun, king of Hexi, and Acai, king of Tuyuhun, both sent tribute missions. On day gengchen an edict made Mengsun supervisor of military affairs for Liang, Qin, He, and Sha, General of Fast Cavalry, governor of Liangzhou, and King of Hexi; Acai was made supervisor of frontier military affairs, General Who Pacifies the West, governor of Shazhou, and Duke of Jiaohe.
109
三月，壬子，葬孝懿皇后於興寧陵。
In the third month, on day renzi, Empress Xiaoyi was interred at Xingning Mausoleum.
110
魏奚斤、公孫表等共攻虎牢，魏主自鄴遣兵助之。 毛德祖於城內穴地入七丈，分為六道，出魏圍外； 募敢死之士四百人，使參軍范道基等帥之，從穴中出，掩襲其後。 魏軍驚憂，斬首數百級，焚其攻具而還。 魏兵雖退散，隨復更合，攻之益急。 奚斤自虎牢將步騎三千，攻穎川太守李元德等於許昌，魏以穎川人庚龍為穎川太守，戍許昌。
Xi Jin, Gongsun Biao, and other Wei commanders jointly besieged Hulao; the Wei emperor sent reinforcements from Ye. Inside the city Mao Dezu dug tunnels seven zhang deep in six branches, emerging beyond the Wei lines; he raised four hundred volunteers for a death sortie, put Fan Daoji and other staff officers in command, and sent them through the tunnels to strike the Wei rear by surprise. The Wei army panicked; the sortie took several hundred heads, burned the siege engines, and withdrew. Though the Wei forces scattered, they soon rallied and pressed the assault ever harder. Xi Jin led three thousand foot and horse from Hulao against Li Yuande, governor of Yingchuan, at Xuchang; the Wei installed Geng Long, a man of Yingchuan, as administrator there and garrisoned the city.
111
毛德祖出兵與公孫表大戰，從朝至晡，殺魏兵數百。 會奚斤自許昌還，合擊德祖，大破之，亡甲士一千餘人，復嬰城自守。
Mao Dezu marched out and fought Gongsun Biao from morning until evening, killing several hundred Wei soldiers. When Xi Jin returned from Xuchang, the two commanders combined against Dezu and crushed him; he lost more than a thousand armored men and again shut the gates to defend the city.
112
魏主又遣萬餘人從白沙渡河，屯濮陽南。
The Wei emperor sent more than ten thousand men across the river at Baisha to encamp south of Puyang.
113
朝議以項城去魏不遠，非輕軍所抗，使劉粹召高道瑾還壽陽； 若沈叔狸已進，亦宜且追。 粹奏：「虜攻虎牢，未復南向，若遽攝軍捨項城，則淮西諸郡無所憑依。 沈叔狸已頓肥口，又不宜遽退。」 時李元德帥散卒二百至項，劉粹使助高道瑾戍守，請宥其奔敗之罪，朝議並許之。
The court decided that Xiangcheng lay too close to the Wei for a small force to hold, and ordered Liu Cui to recall Gao Daojin to Shouyang; if Shen Shuli had already marched, he should be recalled as well. Cui memorialized: "The enemy is attacking Hulao and has not yet turned south again; if we hastily withdraw and abandon Xiangcheng, the commanderies west of the Huai will have nothing to rely on. Shen Shuli has already halted at Feikou; a hasty withdrawal would be wrong as well." At this time Li Yuande led two hundred scattered soldiers to Xiangcheng; Liu Cui had him assist Gao Daojin in the garrison and asked pardon for his defeat and flight—the court approved both requests.
114
乙己，魏主畋於韓陵山，遂如汲郡，至枋頭。
On day yisi the Wei emperor hunted at Hanling Mountain, then proceeded to Jijun and on to Fangtou.
115
初，毛德祖在北，與公孫表有舊。 表有權略，德祖患之，乃與交通音問； 密遣人說奚斤，雲表與之連謀。 每答表書，多所治定； 表以書示斤，斤疑之，以告魏主。 先是，表與太史令王亮少同營署，好輕侮亮； 亮奏「表置軍虎牢東，不得便地，故令賊不時滅。」 魏主素好術數，以為然，積前後仇，使人夜就帳中縊殺之。
Earlier, when Mao Dezu had been in the north, he and Gongsun Biao had been on friendly terms. Biao was wily and resourceful; Dezu, troubled by this, opened a secret correspondence with him; and secretly sent word to Xi Jin that Biao was plotting with him. In every reply to Biao's letters he altered the wording at length; Biao showed the letters to Xi Jin; Xi Jin grew suspicious and reported the matter to the Wei emperor. Earlier Biao and Wang Liang, Director of Astronomy, had served together in youth; Biao liked to slight him; Wang Liang memorialized that Biao had camped east of Hulao on unfavorable ground, delaying the destruction of the enemy. The Wei emperor had always favored divination; he believed the charge, added old and new grudges together, and sent men by night into Biao's tent to strangle him.
116
乙卯。 魏主濟自靈昌津，遂如東郡、陳留。
On day yimao. The Wei emperor crossed at Lingchang Ford and proceeded to Dongjun and Chenliu.
117
叔孫建將三萬騎逼東陽城，城中文武才一千五百人，竺夔、垣苗悉力固守，時出奇兵擊魏，破之。 魏步騎繞城列陳十餘里，大治攻具。 夔作四重塹，魏人填其三重，為□童車以攻城，夔遣人從地道中出，以大麻糸亙挽之令折。 魏人復作長圍，長攻逾急。 歷時浸久，城轉墮壞，戰士多死傷，餘眾困乏，旦暮且陷。 檀道濟至彭城，以司、青二州並急，而所領兵少，不足分赴； 青州道近，竺夔兵弱，乃與王仲德兼行先救之。
Shusun Jian led thirty thousand horsemen against Dongyang City; its garrison numbered only fifteen hundred civil and military officers; Zhu Kui and Yuan Miao defended with all their strength, sending out raiding parties from time to time to rout the Wei. Wei foot and horse encircled the city in battle lines more than ten li long and built siege engines on a large scale. Zhu Kui dug four trenches; the Wei filled three and built battering rams for the assault; Zhu Kui sent men through tunnels to stretch heavy hemp ropes across them and snap them. The Wei then built a full circumvallation, and the siege pressed ever harder. As weeks passed the walls began to give way; many defenders were killed or wounded; the survivors were exhausted and collapse seemed only a matter of time. Tan Daoji reached Pengcheng; both Sizhou and Qingzhou were in crisis, but his force was too small to split; Qingzhou was closer and Zhu Kui's force was weaker, so he and Wang Zhongde pressed ahead together to relieve it first.
118
甲子，劉粹遣李元德襲許昌，斬庾龍。 元德因留綏撫，並上租糧。
On day jiazi, Liu Cui sent Li Yuande to strike Xuchang and killed Yu Long. Yuande stayed on to pacify the region and sent up the collected rent grain.
119
魏主至盟津。 於栗磾造浮橋於冶阪津。 乙丑，魏主引兵北濟，西如河內。 娥清、周幾、閭大肥徇地至湖陸、高平，民屯聚而射之。 清等盡攻破高平諸縣，滅數千家，虜掠萬餘口； 兗州刺史鄭順之戍湖陸，以兵少不敢出。
The Wei emperor reached Mengjin. Yuliudu built a pontoon bridge at the Yebankou ford. On day yichou the Wei emperor led his troops north across the Yellow River and west toward Henei. E Qing, Zhou Ji, and Lü Dafei raided as far as Hulu and Gaoping, where local militias gathered and fired on them. Qing and his colleagues overran the counties around Gaoping, wiping out several thousand households and carrying off more than ten thousand people; Yanzhou Inspector Zheng Shunzhi held Hulu but dared not come out, his force being too small.
120
魏主又遣并州刺史伊樓拔助奚斤攻虎牢。 毛德祖隨方抗拒，頗殺魏兵，而將士稍零落。
The Wei emperor also sent Bingzhou Inspector Yilou Ba to reinforce Xi Jin's assault on Hulao. Mao Dezu met each attack as it came and killed many Wei soldiers, but his garrison slowly thinned.
121
夏，四月，丁卯，魏主如成皋，絕虎牢汲河之路。 停三日，自督眾攻城，竟不能下，遂如洛陽觀《石經》。 遣使祀嵩高。
In summer, the fourth month, on day dingmao the Wei emperor went to Chenggao and severed Hulao's supply line to the Ji River. After three days he personally directed the assault on the city but still could not take it, so he proceeded to Luoyang to view the Stone Classics. He sent envoys to sacrifice at Mount Song.
122
叔孫建攻東陽，墮其北城三十許步。 刁雍請速入，建不許，遂不克。 及聞檀道濟等將至，雍又謂建曰：「賊畏官軍突騎，以鎖連車為函陳。 大峴已南，處處狹隘，車不得方軌。 雍請將所募兵五千據險以邀之，破之必矣。」 時天暑，魏軍多疫。 建曰：「兵人疫病過半，若相持不休，兵自死盡，何須復戰！ 今全軍而返，計之上也。」 己巳，道濟軍於臨朐。 壬申建等燒營及器械而遁」道濟至東陽，糧盡，不能追。 竺夔以東陽城壞，不可守，移鎮不其城。
Shusun Jian attacked Dongyang and broke down some thirty paces of the northern wall. Diao Yong urged a quick entry, but Jian refused, and the assault failed. When word came that Tan Daoji and the others were approaching, Yong again told Jian, "The enemy fear our shock cavalry and have chained their wagons into a fortified wagon encampment. South of the Great Xian Pass the road is narrow everywhere, and wagons cannot travel side by side. Let me take the five thousand men I have raised and hold the defiles to ambush them—we are sure to break them." The weather was sweltering, and plague had spread widely through the Wei army. Jian said, "More than half the men are sick with plague. If we keep this up, the army will die away on its own—why fight at all! The best course now is to withdraw the whole army intact." On day jisi Tan Daoji's army reached Linqu. On day renshen Jian and the others burned their camp and equipment and withdrew. Tan Daoji reached Dongyang, but with his supplies exhausted he could not pursue. Zhu Kui, finding Dongyang's walls too ruined to defend, shifted his headquarters to Buqi."
123
叔孫建自東陽趨滑台，道濟分遣王促德向尹卯。 道濟停軍湖陸，仲德未至尹卯，聞魏兵已遠，還就道濟。 刁雍遂留鎮尹卯，招集譙、梁、彭、沛民五千餘家，置二十七營以領之。
Shusun Jian marched from Dongyang toward Huatai, while Tan Daoji detached Wang Zhongde toward Yimao. Tan Daoji halted at Hulu. Before Zhongde reached Yimao he learned the Wei forces were already far away and turned back to rejoin Tan Daoji. Diao Yong stayed to garrison Yimao, gathering more than five thousand households from Qiao, Liang, Peng, and Pei and organizing them into twenty-seven camps.
124
蠻王梅安帥渠帥數十人入貢於魏。 初，諸蠻本居江、淮之間，其後種落滋蔓，佈於數州，東連壽春，西通巴、蜀，北接汝、穎，往往有之。 在魏世不甚為患； 及晉，稍益繁昌，漸為寇暴。 及劉、石亂中原，諸蠻無所忌憚，漸復北徙，伊闕以南，滿於山谷矣。
The Man king Mei An led several dozen tribal chieftains to Wei to pay tribute. Originally the Man peoples had lived between the Yangzi and Huai, but their clans later spread through several provinces, reaching east to Shouchun, west into Ba and Shu, and north into the Ru and Ying regions, until they were found almost everywhere. Under Wei they had not been much of a threat; under Jin they grew more numerous and gradually turned to raiding and plunder. When the Liu and Shi regimes threw the Central Plains into chaos, the Man no longer had anything to fear and drifted north again until the valleys south of Yique were full of them.
125
河西世子政德攻晉昌，克之。 唐契及弟和、甥李寶同奔伊吾，招集遺民，歸附者至二千餘家，臣於柔然； 柔然以契為伊吾王。
Zhengde, heir apparent of Hexi, attacked Jinchang and captured it. Tang Qi, his brother He, and his nephew Li Bao fled together to Yiwu, gathered displaced people, and won the allegiance of more than two thousand households, submitting to Rouran; Rouran made Tang Qi king of Yiwu.
126
秦王熾磐謂其群臣曰：「今宋雖奄有江南，夏人雄據關中，皆不足與也。 獨魏主奕世英武，賢能為用，且讖云『恆代之北當有真人』，吾將舉國而事之。」 乃遣尚書郎漠者阿胡等入見於魏，貢黃金二百斤，並陳伐夏方略。
King Chiqian of Qin told his ministers, "Song may now hold all the south, and Xia dominate Guanzhong, but neither is worth our concern. Only the Wei emperor, heroic through generations and skilled at employing talent, is worth serving—and a prophecy says, 'North of Hengdai there shall be a true lord.' I mean to submit the whole state to him. He then sent Secretariat Gentleman Moze Ahu and others to audience with Wei, presenting two hundred jin of gold and outlining a plan for attacking Xia.
127
閏月，丁未，魏主如河內，登太行，至高都。
In the intercalary month, on day dingwei the Wei emperor went to Henei, crossed the Taihang Mountains, and reached Gaodu.
128
叔孫建自滑台西就奚斤，共入虎牢。 虎牢被圍二百日，無日不戰，勁兵戰死殆盡，而魏增兵轉多。 魏人毀其外城，毛德祖於其內更築三重城以拒之，魏人又毀其二重。 德祖唯保一城，晝夜相拒，將士眼皆生創。 德祖撫之以恩，終無離心。 時檀道濟軍湖陸，劉粹軍項城，沈叔狸軍高橋，皆畏魏兵強，不敢進。 丁巳，魏人作地道以洩虎牢城中井，井深四十丈，山勢峻峭，不可得防； 城中人馬渴乏，被創者不復出血，重以饑疫，魏仍急攻之，己未，城陷。 將士欲扶德祖出走。 德祖曰：「我誓與此城俱斃，義不使城亡而身存也！」 魏主命將士； 「得德祖者，必生致之。」 將軍代人豆代田執德祖以獻。 將佐在城中者，皆為魏所虜，唯參軍范道基將二百人突圍南還。 魏士座卒疫死者亦什二三。
Shusun Jian marched west from Huatai to join Xi Jin, and together they pressed into Hulao. Hulao had been under siege for two hundred days without a day free of fighting. Its best troops were nearly all dead, while Wei kept sending fresh reinforcements. The Wei tore down the outer wall, so Mao Dezu built three inner walls in its place; the Wei destroyed two of those as well. Dezu held out in the one remaining wall, fighting day and night until every officer and soldier had sores around his eyes from exhaustion. Dezu treated them with kindness, and in the end none wavered in loyalty. Tan Daoji was encamped at Hulu, Liu Cui at Xiangcheng, and Shen Shuli at Gaoqiao, but all feared the Wei forces and dared not advance. On day dingsi the Wei dug tunnels to drain Hulao's wells. The wells were forty zhang deep and the terrain too steep to defend; Men and horses inside were parched with thirst, the wounded no longer bled, and famine and plague compounded their misery. Wei pressed the attack hard, and on day jiwei the city fell. His officers and men wanted to help Dezu escape. Dezu said, "I have sworn to die with this city. I cannot in honor let the city fall while I live! The Wei emperor ordered his troops: "Whoever captures Dezu must bring him in alive." General Dou Daitian of Dai seized Dezu and presented him to the emperor. All the officers and aides in the city were taken by Wei; only Army Aide Fan Daoji broke out south with two hundred men. Among the Wei troops as well, one or two in ten died of plague.
129
奚斤等悉定司、兗、豫諸郡縣，置守宰以撫之。 魏主命周幾鎮河南，河南人安之。
Xi Jin and his colleagues pacified the commanderies and counties of Si, Yan, and Yu, appointing local officials to govern them. The Wei emperor posted Zhou Ji to garrison Henan, and the people there were reassured.
130
徐羨之、傅亮、謝晦以亡失境土，上表自劾； 詔勿問。
Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, and Xie Hui memorialized to impeach themselves for the lost territory; an edict told them to disregard the matter.
131
徐羨之兄子吳郡太守珮之頗豫政事，與侍中王韶之、程道惠、中書舍人邢安泰、潘盛結為黨友。 時謝晦久病，不堪見客，珮之等疑其詐疾，有異圖，乃稱羨之意以告傅亮，欲令亮作詔誅之。 亮曰：「我等三人同受顧命，豈可自相誅戮！ 諸君果行此事，亮當角巾步出掖門耳。」 珮之等乃止。
Xu Xianzhi's nephew Pei Zhi, administrator of Wu Commandery, had grown deeply involved in court affairs and formed a faction with Palace Attendant Wang Shaozhi, Cheng Daohui, Secretariat Drafter Xing Antai, and Pan Sheng. Xie Hui had long been ill and could not receive visitors. Pei Zhi and the others suspected he was feigning sickness and plotting treason, and claiming to speak for Xianzhi they urged Fu Liang to draft an edict ordering his execution. Liang said, "We three received the same deathbed charge—how can we turn on one another! If you truly do this, I shall put on a commoner's headcloth and walk out the palace side gate." Pei Zhi and the others then dropped the matter.
132
五月，魏主還平城。
In the fifth month the Wei emperor returned to Pingcheng.
133
六月，己亥，魏宜都文成王穆觀卒。
In the sixth month, on day jihai Prince Wencheng of Yidu, Mu Guan, died.
134
丙辰，魏主北巡，至參合陂。
On day bingchen the Wei emperor toured north as far as Canhe Marsh.
135
秋，七月，癸酉，尊帝母張夫人為皇太后。
In autumn, the seventh month, on day guiyou the emperor's mother, Lady Zhang, was honored as empress dowager.
136
魏主如三會屋侯泉。 八月，辛丑，如馬邑，觀灅源。
The Wei emperor went to Sanhui Wuhou Spring. In the eighth month, on day xinchou he went to Mayi and visited Lei Source.
137
柔然寇河西，河西王蒙遜命世子政德擊之。 政德輕騎進戰，為柔然所殺，蒙遜立次子興為世子。
Rouran raided Hexi, and King Mengxun of Hexi ordered his heir Zhengde to repel them. Zhengde charged ahead with light cavalry and was killed by Rouran. Mengxun then named his second son Xing heir apparent.
138
九月，乙亥，魏主還宮，召奚斤還平城，留兵守虎牢； 使娥清、周幾鎮枋頭； 以司馬楚之所將戶口置汝南、南陽、南頓、新蔡四郡，以益豫州。
In the ninth month, on day yihai the Wei emperor returned to court, recalled Xi Jin to Pingcheng, and left troops to hold Hulao; he posted E Qing and Zhou Ji at Fangtou; the people Sima Chuzhi had led were settled in the four new commanderies of Runan, Nanyang, Nandun, and Xincai to enlarge Yuzhou.
139
冬，十月，癸卯，魏人廣西宮外垣，週二十里。
In winter, the tenth month, on day guimao the Wei expanded the outer wall of the Western Palace to a circuit of twenty li.
140
禿髮辱檀之死也，河西王蒙遜遣人誘其故太子虎台，許以番禾、西安二郡處之，且借之兵，使伐秦，報其父仇，復取故地。 虎台陰許之，事洩而止。 秦王熾磐之後，虎台之妹也，熾磐待之如初。 後密與虎台謀曰：「秦本我之仇讎，雖以婚姻待之，蓋時宜耳。 先王之薨，又非天命。 遺令不治者，欲全濟子孫故也。 為人子者，豈可臣妾於仇讎而不思報復乎！」 乃與武衛將軍越質洛城謀弒熾磐。 後妹為熾磐左夫人，有寵，知其謀而告之，熾磐殺後及虎台等十餘人。
After Tufa Rutan's death, King Mengxun of Hexi sent envoys to entice his former crown prince Hutai, promising him the two commanderies of Fanhe and Xi'an and troops to attack Qin, avenge his father, and recover his old lands. Hutai secretly agreed, but the plot leaked and came to nothing. Empress Hou was Hutai's sister and a consort of King Chiqian of Qin, who continued to treat her as before. In secret she plotted with Hutai and said, "Qin has always been our enemy. Their courtesy through marriage is only a matter of expedience. Our late king's death was no act of Heaven. He left orders not to seek revenge only to preserve his descendants. As his children, how can we serve our enemy and never think of vengeance! She then joined Palace Guard General Yuezhi Luocheng in a plot to assassinate Chiqian. Empress Hou's younger sister, Chiqian's favored Left Lady, learned of the plot and reported it. Chiqian executed Hou, Hutai, and more than ten others."
141
十一月，魏周幾寇許昌，許昌潰，穎川太守李元德奔項。 戊辰，魏人圍汝陽，汝陽太守王公度亦奔項。 劉粹遣其將姚聳夫等將兵助守項城。 魏人夷許昌城，毀鐘城，以立封疆而還。
In the eleventh month Zhou Ji of Wei raided Xuchang. The city fell, and Yingchuan Administrator Li Yuande fled to Xiangcheng. On day wuchen the Wei besieged Ruyang, and Ruyang Administrator Wang Gongdu also fled to Xiangcheng. Liu Cui sent his generals Yao Songfu and others with troops to help hold Xiangcheng. The Wei razed Xuchang, destroyed Zhongcheng, marked out their new frontier, and withdrew.
142
己巳，魏太宗殂。 壬申，世祖即位，大赦。 十二月，庚子，魏葬明元帝於金陵。 廟號太宗。
On day jisi Emperor Mingyuan of Wei died. On day renshen Emperor Taiwu ascended the throne and proclaimed a general amnesty. In the twelfth month, on day gengzi Wei buried Emperor Mingyuan at Jinling. His temple name was Taizong.
143
魏主追尊其母杜貴嬪為密皇后。 自司徒長孫嵩以下普增爵位。 以襄城公盧魯元為中書監，會稽公劉為尚書令，司衛監尉眷、散騎侍郎劉庫仁等八人分典四部。 眷，古真之弟子也。
The Wei emperor posthumously honored his mother, Noble Consort Du, as Empress Mi. From Grand Minister Changsun Song downward, noble ranks were raised across the board. Lu Luyuan, Duke of Xiangcheng, was made Director of the Secretariat; Liu, Duke of Kuaiji, was made Director of the Department of State Affairs; and Yu Juan, Director of the Palace Guard, Liu Kuren, Gentleman of the Palace Attendant Office, and six others were assigned to oversee the four bureaus. Juan was a disciple of Guzhen.
144
以河內鎮將代人羅結為侍中，、外都大官，總三十六曹事。 結時年一百七，精爽不衰，魏主以其忠愨，親任之，使兼長秋卿，監典後宮，出入臥內； 年一百一十，乃聽歸老，朝廷每有大事，遣騎訪焉； 又十年乃卒。 左光祿大夫崔浩研精經術，練習制度，凡朝廷禮儀，軍國書詔，無不關掌。 浩不好老、莊之書，曰：「此矯誣之說，不近人情。 老聃習禮，仲尼所師，豈肯為敗法之書以亂先王之治乎！」 尤不信佛法，曰：「何為事此胡神！」 及世祖即位，左右多毀之。 帝不得已，命浩以公歸第。 然素知其賢，每有疑議，輒召問之。 浩纖妍潔白如美婦人，常自謂才比張良，而稽古過之。 既歸第，因修服食養性之術。
Luo Jie of Dai, garrison commander of Henei, was made Palace Attendant and Director of the Inner and Outer Palace Affairs, with authority over all thirty-six offices. Jie was then one hundred seven and still keen in mind. The Wei emperor trusted him for his loyalty and made him also Director of the Palace Domestic Service to oversee the inner palace, with access even to the imperial sleeping quarters; at one hundred ten he was allowed to retire, yet whenever the court faced a major decision it sent riders to consult him; he lived ten years more and then died. Cui Hao, Left Grandee of the Palace, had mastered the classics and state institutions; court ritual and all civil and military documents passed through his hands. Hao disliked Laozi and Zhuangzi and said: "These are deceitful doctrines, remote from human nature. Laozi studied ritual and was Confucius's teacher—how could he have written books to subvert the law and overturn the rule of the ancient kings!" He especially rejected Buddhism and said: "Why serve this foreign god!" When Emperor Taiwu took the throne, courtiers often slandered him. The emperor had no choice but to send Hao home with ducal rank. Yet he had long known Hao's worth; whenever a question arose he still summoned him. Hao was slender and fair as a beautiful woman; he often likened himself to Zhang Liang and claimed to surpass him in learning from antiquity. After retiring he took up dietary and longevity practices.
145
初，嵩山道士寇謙之，贊之弟也，修張道陵之術，自言嘗遇老子降，命謙之繼道陵為天師，授以辟谷輕身之術及《科戒》二十卷，使之清整道教。 又遇神人李譜文，雲老子之玄孫也，授以《圖菉真經》六十餘卷，使之輔佐北方太平真君； 出天宮靜輪之法，其中數篇，李君之手筆也。 謙之奉其書獻於魏主。 朝野多未之信，崔浩獨師事之，從受其術，且上書贊明其事曰：「臣聞聖王受命，必有天應。 《河圖》、《洛書》皆寄言於蟲獸之文，未若今日人神接對，手笑粲然，辭旨深妙，自古無比。 豈可以世俗常慮而忽上靈之命！ 臣竊懼之。」 帝欣然，使謁都奉玉帛、牲牢祭嵩岳，迎致謙之弟子在山中者，以崇奉天師，顯揚新法，宣佈天下。 起天師道場於平城之東南，重壇五層，給道士百二十人衣食，每月設廚會數千人。
Earlier Kou Qianzhi, a Daoist of Mount Song and younger brother of Zan, practiced Zhang Daoling's teachings. He claimed Laozi had descended and named him Celestial Master in Daoling's line, taught him fasting and lightness of body, gave him twenty scrolls of Regulations and Admonitions, and charged him to reform the Daoist church. He also met the divine man Li Puwen, said to be Laozi's descendant, who gave him more than sixty scrolls of the True Scripture of Charts and Registers and charged him to assist the Perfect Lord of Northern Great Peace; and revealed the method of the Heavenly Palace's Still Wheel, several sections in Master Li's own hand. Qianzhi presented these writings to the Wei emperor. Court and country mostly disbelieved; Cui Hao alone became his disciple, learned his arts, and memorialized: "I have heard that when a sage king receives the mandate, Heaven responds. The River Chart and Luo Writings spoke through the marks of beasts—nothing like today, when man and god meet face to face with radiant smiles, in words profound and unmatched since antiquity. How can ordinary worldly caution ignore the command of the spirits above! I fear this deeply." The emperor was pleased and sent offerings to Mount Song, summoned Qianzhi's disciples from the mountains, honored the Celestial Master, proclaimed the new law, and announced it throughout the realm. A Celestial Master ritual ground was built southeast of Pingcheng with a five-tiered altar; one hundred twenty Daoists were supported, and monthly feasts fed several thousand.
146
臣光曰：老、莊之書，大指欲同死生，輕去就。 而為神仙者，服餌修煉以求輕舉，煉草石為金銀，其為術正相戾矣。 是以劉歆《七略》敘道家為諸子，神仙為方技。 其後復有符水、禁咒之術，至謙之遂合而為一； 至今循之，其訛甚矣！ 崔浩不喜佛、老之書而信謙之之言，其故何哉！ 昔臧文仲祀爰居，孔子以為不智； 如謙之者，其為爰居亦大矣。 「《詩》三百，一言以蔽之，曰思無邪。」 君子之於擇術，可不慎哉！
Sima Guang writes: Laozi and Zhuangzi chiefly aim to equate life and death and treat advancement and withdrawal lightly. Those who seek immortality ingest elixirs and refine themselves to ascend lightly, transmuting plants and stones into gold and silver—arts that directly contradict this. Therefore Liu Xin's Seven Summaries classed the Daoists among philosophers and immortals among technical arts. Later came talisman water and incantations, and Qianzhi merged them into one; and they are followed to this day—a grave corruption! Cui Hao rejected Buddhism and Laozi-Zhuangzi yet believed Qianzhi—why! When Zang Wenzhong sacrificed to the seabird Aiju, Confucius called it unwise; Qianzhi's error is far greater than Aiju. "The three hundred poems may be summed in one phrase: Think without evil." How careful must a gentleman be in choosing his path!