1
資治通鑑第118卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 118
2
【晉紀四十】起強圉大荒落，盡屠維協洽，凡三年。
[Jin Records 40], spanning from the year qiángyù dàhuāngluò through túwéi xiéqià—a period of three years.
3
安皇帝癸義熙十三年（ 丁巳，公元四一七年）
In the thirteenth year of Yixi during the reign of Emperor An ( dingsi, the year 417 CE)
4
春，正月，甲戌朔，日有食之。
In spring, on the first day of the first month (jiaxu), a solar eclipse occurred.
5
秦主泓朝會百官於前殿，以內外危迫，君臣相泣。 征北將軍齊公恢帥安定鎮戶三萬八千，焚廬舍，自北雍州趨長安，自稱大都督、建義大將軍，移檄州郡，欲除君側之惡； 揚威將軍姜紀帥從歸之，建節將軍彭完都棄陰密奔還長安。 恢至新支，姜紀說恢曰：「國家重將、大兵皆在東方，京師空虛，公亟引輕兵襲之，必克。」 恢不從，南攻郿城。 鎮西將軍姚諶為恢所敗，長安大震。 泓馳使征東平公紹，遣姚裕及輔國將軍胡翼度屯澧西。 扶風太守姚俊等皆降於恢。 東平公紹引諸軍西還，與恢相持於靈台，姚贊留寧朔將軍尹雅為弘農太守，守潼關，亦引兵還。 恢眾見諸軍四集，皆有懼心，其將齊黃等詣大軍降。 恢進兵副紹，贊自後擊之，恢兵大敗，殺恢及其三弟。 泓器之慟，葬以公禮。
Lord Hong of Qin assembled his officials in the front hall; with peril pressing at home and abroad, ruler and ministers wept together. Campaigning-North General, Duke of Qi Hui, led thirty-eight thousand Anding garrison households, burned their homes, marched from Northern Yong Province toward Chang'an, and proclaimed himself Grand Commander and General-in-Chief Who Establishes Righteousness. He sent proclamations through the provinces and commanderies, declaring his intent to purge evil from the ruler's side; Displaying-Might General Jiang Ji brought his followers to join him, while Establishing-Banner General Peng Wandu abandoned Yinmi and fled back to Chang'an. When Hui reached Xinzhi, Jiang Ji urged him: "The empire's chief generals and main forces are all in the east, and the capital stands nearly empty. Lead light troops in a swift strike and you are sure to take it." Hui refused and marched south to attack Mei. Pacifying-West General Yao Chen was defeated by Hui, throwing Chang'an into alarm. Hong urgently summoned Duke of the East Ping Shao and sent Yao Yu and Assisting-the-State General Hu Yidu to camp west of the Li River. Fufeng Administrator Yao Jun and others all surrendered to Hui. Duke of the East Ping Shao led the armies west to face Hui at Lingtai. Yao Zan left Pacifying-the-North General Yin Ya as Administrator of Hongnong to hold Tong Pass and withdrew as well. When Hui's men saw armies converging from every quarter, fear spread through the ranks; his generals Qi Huang and others went over to the main army and surrendered. Hui pressed forward against Shao; Zan attacked from the rear and routed him. Hui and his three younger brothers were killed. Hong held him in esteem and mourned deeply, burying him with ducal honors.
6
太尉裕引水軍發彭城，留其子彭城公義隆鎮彭城。 詔以義隆為監徐、兗、青、冀四州諸軍事、徐州刺史。
Grand Marshal Liu Yu led the fleet out from Pengcheng, leaving his son, Prince of Pengcheng Yilong, to hold the city. An edict made Yilong supervisor of military affairs for Xu, Yan, Qing, and Ji and Inspector of Xuzhou.
7
涼公暠寢疾，遣命長史宋繇曰：「吾死之後，世子猶卿子也，善訓導之。」 二月，暠卒，官屬奉世子歆為大都督、大將軍、涼公、領涼州牧。 大赦，改元嘉興。 尊歆母天水尹氏為太后。 以宋繇錄三府事。 謚暠曰武昭王，廟號太祖。
Lord of Liang Gao fell gravely ill and charged Chief Clerk Song Yao: "After I am gone, treat the heir as you would your own son and guide him well." In the second month Gao died, and his officials installed the heir Xin as Grand Commander, Grand General, Lord of Liang, and Governor of Liang Province. A general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name changed to Jiaxing. Xin's mother, Lady Yin of Tianshui, was honored as Empress Dowager. Song Yao was placed in charge of the Three Offices. Gao was posthumously titled King Wuzhao, with the temple name Taizu.
8
西秦安東將軍木弈干擊吐谷渾樹洛干，破其弟阿柴於堯桿川，俘五千餘口而還。 樹洛干走保白蘭山，慚憤發疾，將卒，謂阿柴曰：「吾子拾虔幼弱，今以大事付汝。」 樹洛干卒，阿柴立，自稱驃騎將軍、沙州刺史。 謚樹洛干曰武王。 阿柴稍用兵侵並其傍小種，地方數千里，遂為強國。
Western Qin's Pacifying-the-East General Muyigan attacked Tuyuhun's Murong Shuluogan, defeated his younger brother Achai on the Yao'gan River, took more than five thousand captives, and returned. Shuluogan fled to Mount Bailan. Ashamed and furious, he fell ill; on his deathbed he told Achai: "My son Sheqian is still young; I entrust the great matter to you." Shuluogan died. Achai succeeded him, styling himself General of Agile Cavalry and Governor of Shazhou. Shuluogan was posthumously titled King Wu. Achai gradually used force to absorb neighboring tribes until his domain stretched thousands of li, making Tuyuhun a power to be reckoned with.
9
河西王蒙遜遣其將襲烏啼部，大破之； 又擊卑和部，降之。
King of Hexi Mengxun sent a general to strike the Wuti tribe and routed them; then attacked the Beihe tribe and brought them to submission.
10
王鎮惡進軍澠池，遣毛德祖襲尹雅於蠡吾城，禽之，雅殺守者而逃。 鎮惡引兵徑前，抵潼關。
Wang Zhen'e advanced on Mianchi and sent Mao Dezu to seize Yin Ya at Liwu; Yin was taken but killed his guards and escaped. Zhen'e pressed straight on to Tong Pass.
11
檀道濟、沈林子自陝北渡河，拔襄邑堡，秦河北太守薛帛奔河東。 又攻秦并州刺史尹昭於蒲阪，不克。 別將攻匈奴堡，為姚成都所敗。
Tan Daoji and Shen Linzi crossed from north of Shan, took Xiangyi fort, and Qin's Administrator of Hebei, Xue Bo, fled to Hedong. They also attacked Qin Inspector of Bing Yin Zhao at Puban but failed to take the city. A detached force attacked the Xiongnu fort and was beaten by Yao Chengdu.
12
辛酉，滎陽守將傅洪以虎牢降魏。
On xinyou, Xingyang's defender Fu Hong surrendered Hulao to Wei.
13
秦主泓以東平公紹為太宰、大將軍、都督中外諸軍事，假黃鉞，改封魯公，使督武衛將軍姚鸞等步騎五萬守潼關，又遣別將姚驢救蒲阪。
Lord Hong of Qin made Duke of the East Ping Shao Grand Preceptor and Grand General, commander of all forces within and without, with the yellow battle-axe conferred, changed his title to Duke of Lu, and sent him with Martial Guard General Yao Luan and fifty thousand foot and horse to hold Tong Pass. He also dispatched General Yao Lü to relieve Puban.
14
沈林子謂檀道濟曰：「蒲阪城堅兵多，不可猝拔，攻之傷眾，守之引日。 王鎮惡在潼關，勢孤力弱，不如與鎮惡合勢並力，以爭潼關。 若得之，尹昭不攻自潰矣。」 道濟從之。
Shen Linzi told Tan Daoji: "Puban is strong and well manned—it cannot be rushed. An assault will cost us dearly; a siege will drag on. Wang Zhen'e at Tong Pass stands isolated and outmatched. Better to join him and throw our combined weight at the pass. Take the pass, and Yin Zhao at Puban will collapse without a fight." Daoji agreed.
15
三月，道濟、林子至潼關，秦魯公紹引兵出戰，道濟、林子奮擊，大破之，斬獲以千數。 紹退屯定城，據險拒守，謂諸將曰：「道濟等兵力不多，懸軍深入，不過堅壁以待繼援。 吾分軍絕其糧道，可坐禽也。」 乃遣姚鸞屯大路以絕道濟糧道。
In the third month Daoji and Linzi reached Tong Pass. Duke of Lu Shao came out to fight; they struck hard and routed him, killing and capturing thousands. Shao fell back to Dingcheng, holding the heights and refusing battle. He told his generals: "Daoji's force is small—they have marched deep and can only sit behind their walls waiting for reinforcements. Split our forces and cut their supply line, and we can take them without a fight." He sent Yao Luan to hold the Great Road and sever Daoji's supplies.
16
鸞遣尹雅將兵與晉戰於關南，為晉兵所獲，將殺之。 雅曰：「雅前日已當死，幸得脫至今，死固甘心。 然夷、夏雖殊，君臣之義一也。 晉以大義行師，獨不使秦有守節之臣乎！」 乃免之。
Luan sent Yin Ya to fight the Jin south of the pass. Yin was captured and was about to be executed. Yin said: "I should have died before; it was fortune that let me escape until now, and I accept death willingly. Yet though barbarian and Chinese differ, the bond between ruler and minister is the same. The Jin march on righteous principle—will you deny Qin even one minister who keeps faith?" He was spared.
17
丙子夜，沈林子將銳卒襲鸞營，斬鸞，殺其士卒數千人。 紹又遣東平公贊屯河上以斷水道； 沈林子擊之，贊敗走，還定城。 薛帛據河曲來降。
On the night of bingzi, Shen Linzi led picked troops in a night raid on Luan's camp, killed him, and cut down several thousand of his men. Shao also sent Duke of the East Ping Zan to hold the river and cut their water supply; Shen Linzi attacked and routed him; Zan fled back to Dingcheng. Xue Bo, holding the river bend, came over to the Jin.
18
太尉裕將水軍自淮、泗入清河，將溯河西上，先遣使假道於魏； 秦主泓亦遣使請救於魏。 魏主嗣使群臣議之，皆曰：「潼關天險，劉裕以水軍攻之，甚難； 若登岸北侵，其勢便易。 裕聲言伐秦，其志難測。 且秦，婚姻之國，不可不救也。 宜發兵斷河上流，勿使得西。」 博士祭酒崔浩曰：「裕圖秦久矣。 今姚興死，子泓懦劣，國多內難。 裕乘其危而伐之，其志必取。 若遏其上流，裕心忿戾，必上岸北侵，是我代秦受敵也。 今柔然寇邊，民食又乏，若復與裕為敵，發兵南赴則北寇愈深，救北則南州復危，非良計也。 不若假之水道，聽裕西上，然後屯兵以塞其東。 使裕克捷，必德我之假道； 不捷，吾不失救秦之名。 此策之得者也。 且南北異俗，借使國家棄恆山以南，裕必不能以吳、越之兵與吾爭守河北之地，安能為吾患乎！ 夫為國計者，惟社稷是利，豈顧一女子乎！」 議者猶曰：「裕西入關，則恐吾斷其後，腹背受敵； 北上，則姚氏必不出關助我，其勢必聲西而實北也。」 嗣乃以司徒長孫嵩督山東諸軍事，又遣振威將軍娥清、冀州刺史阿薄干將步騎十萬屯河北岸。
Grand Marshal Liu Yu was to lead the fleet from the Huai and Si into the Qing River and up the Yellow River westward. He first sent envoys to request passage through Wei; while Lord Hong of Qin also sent envoys to plead for Wei's aid. Wei ruler Si convened his ministers. All said: "Tong Pass is a natural fortress; Liu Yu would find it very hard to take it by river; but if he lands on the north bank and strikes north, his position becomes far easier. Yu claims he marches against Qin, yet his true aim is hard to read. Moreover Qin is tied to us by marriage—we must help. We should send troops to block the upper river and keep him from going west." Libationer of the Erudites Cui Hao said: "Yu has long coveted Qin. Yao Xing is dead; his son Hong is timid and weak, and the realm is torn by internal strife. Yu strikes while Qin is in peril—he means to conquer it. Block his passage upstream and Yu, enraged, will surely land north and strike us—we would be fighting Qin's war for them. Rouran raids our borders and food runs short. Make an enemy of Yu as well, and if we march south the northern raiders will press deeper; save the north and the south falls into peril again. That is no good plan. Better to grant him the river, let Yu go west, then mass troops to block his retreat eastward. If Yu wins, he will owe us for the passage; if he fails, we still keep the name of having aided Qin. That is the winning strategy. North and south differ in custom. Even if we lost everything south of Mount Heng, Yu could not use Wu and Yue troops to contest Hebei with us—how would he threaten us? Statesmen weigh only the altars of soil and grain—why fret over one woman!" Others still argued: "If Yu enters the passes west, he will fear we cut his rear and trap him between two fires; if he turns north, the Yao will not leave the passes to help us—he will feint west while striking north in truth." Si then put Minister of Education Changsun Song in charge of forces east of the mountains and sent Displaying-Might General E Qing and Inspector of Ji A Bogan with one hundred thousand foot and horse to camp on the north bank of the Yellow River.
19
庚辰，裕引軍入河，以左將軍向彌為北青州刺史，留戍碻磝。
On gengchen, Yu entered the river, made General of the Left Xiang Mi Inspector of Northern Qing, and left him to garrison Que'ao.
20
初，裕命王鎮惡等：「若克洛陽，須大軍到俱進。」 鎮惡等乘利徑趨潼關，為秦兵所拒，不得前。 久之，乏食，眾心疑懼，或欲棄輜重還赴大軍。 沈林子按劍怒曰：「相公志清六合，今許、洛已定，關右將平，事之濟否，繫於前鋒。 奈何沮乘勝之氣，棄垂成之功乎！ 且大軍尚遠，賊眾方盛，雖欲求還，豈可得乎！」 下官授命不顧，今日之事，當自為將軍辦之，未知二三君子將何面以見相公之旗鼓邪！」 鎮惡等遣使馳告裕，求遣糧援。 裕呼使者，開舫北戶，指河上魏軍以示之曰：「我語令勿進，今輕佻深入。 岸上如此，何由得遣軍！」 鎮惡乃親至弘農，說諭百姓，百姓競送義租，軍食復振。
Earlier Liu Yu had ordered Wang Zhen'e and the others: "If you take Luoyang, wait for the main army before advancing together." Zhen'e and the others pressed straight for Tong Pass on the momentum of victory but were blocked by Qin troops and could not get through. Food ran short; doubt and fear spread through the ranks, and some wanted to abandon the baggage train and rejoin the main force. Shen Linzi gripped his sword and said in fury: "The Chancellor means to pacify the realm. Xu and Luo are taken; the west of the passes is within reach. Success or failure hangs on us, the vanguard. How can you kill the spirit of victory and throw away a triumph within grasp! The main army is still far away and the enemy is at full strength—even if we wished to turn back, could we?" I took this commission ready to die for it. I will see today's business through for the general myself—what face will you gentlemen show when you stand before the Chancellor's banners and drums?" Zhen'e and the others sent urgent messengers to Liu Yu begging for grain. Liu Yu called the messenger forward, opened the north door of his boat, pointed to the Wei forces on the river, and said: "I told you not to advance. You rushed ahead recklessly. The north bank looks like this—how am I to send you troops?" Zhen'e went in person to Hongnong, rallied the people, and they vied to send voluntary grain until the army's supplies were restored.
21
魏人以數千騎緣河隨裕軍西行； 軍人於南岸牽百丈，風水迅急，有漂渡北岸者，輒為魏人所殺略。 裕遣軍擊之，裁登岸則走，退則復來。 夏，四月，裕遣白直隊主丁晤帥仗士七百人、車百乘，渡北岸，去水百餘步，為卻月陣，兩端抱河，車置七仗士，事畢，使豎一白毦； 魏人不解其意，皆未動。 裕先命寧朔將軍朱超石戒嚴，白毦既舉，超石帥二千人馳往赴之，繼大弩百張，一車益二十人，設彭排於轅上。 魏人見營陣既立，乃進圍之； 長孫嵩帥三萬騎助之，四面肉薄攻營，弩不能制。 時超石別繼大錘乃槊千餘張，乃斷槊長三四尺，以錘錘之，一槊輒洞貫三四人。 魏兵不能當，一時奔潰，死者相積； 臨陳斬阿薄干，魏人退還畔城。 超石帥寧朔將軍胡籓、寧遠將軍劉榮祖追擊，又破之，殺獲千計。 魏主嗣聞之，乃恨不用崔浩之言。
Wei sent several thousand horsemen along the river to shadow Liu Yu's fleet westward; soldiers on the south bank hauled the tow ropes; wind and current ran fierce, and any man who drifted to the north bank was killed or plundered by the Wei. Liu Yu sent troops to drive them off; they fled the moment his men landed and returned as soon as they withdrew. In summer, the fourth month, Liu Yu sent White Guard company leader Ding Wu with seven hundred armored soldiers and one hundred chariots across to the north bank. More than a hundred paces from the water they formed a crescent with both ends anchored on the river; each chariot held seven armored men. When all was ready a white pennon was raised; the Wei did not grasp his intent and held their ground. Liu Yu had already ordered Pacifying-the-North General Zhu Chao Shi to stand ready. When the white pennon rose, Chao Shi galloped forward with two thousand men and a hundred large crossbows; each chariot took twenty more men and ramparts were mounted on the shafts. Seeing the camp formed, the Wei advanced to surround it; Changsun Song brought thirty thousand horse to help and pressed the camp on all sides at close range; the crossbows could not stop them. Chao Shi had brought more than a thousand heavy hammers and spears. They cut the spears to three or four chi and drove them with the hammers—each thrust ran through three or four men. The Wei could not stand against them and broke at once; the dead lay in heaps; A Bogan was killed in the fighting, and the Wei fell back to Pan city. Chao Shi led Generals Hu Fan and Liu Rongzu in pursuit, routed the enemy again, and killed or captured thousands. When Emperor Si of Wei heard this, he bitterly regretted not having heeded Cui Hao's counsel.
22
秦魯公紹遣長史姚洽、寧朔將軍安鸞、護軍姚墨蠡、河東太守唐小方帥眾三千屯河北之九原，阻河為固，欲以絕檀道濟糧援。 沈林子邀擊，破之，斬洽、黑蠡、小方，殺獲殆盡。 林子因啟太尉裕曰：「紹氣蓋關中，今兵屈於外，國危於內。 恐其凶命先盡，不得以膏齊斧耳。」 紹聞洽等敗死，憤恚，發病嘔血，以兵屬東平公贊而卒。 贊既代紹，眾力猶盛，引兵襲林子，林子復擊破之。
Duke of Lu Shao of Qin dispatched Chief Clerk Yao Qia, General An Luan, Protector-of-the-Army Yao Mo Li, and Hedong Administrator Tang Xiaofang with three thousand men to hold Jiuyuan north of the Yellow River, using the river as a barrier to sever Tan Daoji's supply lines. Shen Linzi ambushed and routed them, beheading Qia, Mo Li, and Xiaofang; nearly the entire force was killed or captured. Linzi then reported to Grand Marshal Liu Yu: "Shao's prestige still dominates Guanzhong, yet his armies are broken abroad and the realm is imperiled within. I fear his wicked span will run out first, and he will never live to face your conquering axe." When Shao learned that Qia and his fellows had been defeated and killed, rage and grief seized him; he fell ill and vomited blood, entrusted the army to Duke of the East Ping Zan, and died. After Zan succeeded Shao, their combined strength remained formidable; he led troops against Linzi, and Linzi defeated him once more.
23
太尉裕至洛陽，行視城塹，嘉毛修之完葺之功，賜衣服玩好，直二千萬。
Grand Marshal Liu Yu reached Luoyang, inspected the walls and moats, commended Mao Xiuzhi for restoring them, and rewarded him with robes, ornaments, and valuables worth twenty million cash.
24
丁巳，魏主嗣如高柳。 壬戌，還平城。
On ding-si, Emperor Si of Wei traveled to Gaoliu. On ren-xu he went back to Pingcheng.
25
河西王蒙遜大赦，遣張掖太守沮渠廣宗詐降，以誘涼公歆，歆發兵應之。 蒙遜將兵三萬伏於蓼泉，歆覺之，引兵還。 蒙遜追之，歆與戰於解支澗，大破之。 斬首七千餘級。 蒙遜城建康，置戍而還。
Prince of Hexi Meng Xun declared a general amnesty and sent Zhangye Administrator Juqu Guangzong to feign surrender and lure Lord of Liang Xin; Xin raised troops to answer the call. Meng Xun lay in wait at Liaoshui with thirty thousand men; Xin detected the trap and pulled his army back. Meng Xun gave chase; Xin met him at Jiezhi Stream and inflicted a crushing defeat. More than seven thousand heads were taken. Meng Xun fortified Jiankang, left a garrison, and withdrew.
26
五月，乙未，齊郡太守王懿降於魏，上書言：「劉裕在洛，宜發兵絕其歸路，可不戰而克。」 魏主嗣善之。
In the fifth month, on yi-wei, Administrator of Qi Commandery Wang Yi defected to Wei and wrote: "Liu Yu is at Luoyang. Send troops to sever his retreat, and you can destroy him without a battle." Emperor Si of Wei thought well of the proposal.
27
崔浩侍講在前，嗣問之曰：「劉裕伐姚泓，果能克乎？」 對曰：「克之。」 嗣曰：「何故？」 對曰：「昔姚興好事虛名而少實用，子泓懦而多病，兄弟乖爭。 裕乘其危，兵精將勇，何故不克！」 嗣曰：「裕才何如慕容垂？」 對曰：「勝之。 垂藉父兄之資，修復舊業，國人歸之，若夜蟲之就火，少加倚仗，易以立功。 劉裕奮起寒微，不階尺土，討滅桓玄，興復晉室，北禽慕容超，南梟盧循，所向無前，非其才之過人，安能如是乎！」 嗣曰：「裕既入關，不能進退，我以精騎直搗彭城、壽春，裕將若之何？」 對曰：「今西有屈丐，北有柔然，窺伺國隙。 陛下既不可親御六師，雖有精兵，未睹良將。 長孫嵩長於治國，短於用兵，非劉裕敵也。 興兵遠攻，未見其利，不如且安靜以待之，裕克秦而歸，必篡其主。 關中華、戎雜錯，風俗勁悍； 裕欲以荊、揚之化施之函、秦，此無異解衣包火，張羅捕虎； 雖留兵守之，人情未洽，趨尚不同，適足為寇敵之資耳。 願陛下按兵息民以觀其變，秦地終為國家之有。 可坐而守也。」 嗣笑曰：「卿料之審矣！」 浩曰：「臣嘗私論近世將相之臣：若王猛之治國，苻堅之管仲也； 慕容恪之輔幼主，慕容暐之霍光也； 劉裕之平禍亂，司馬德宗之曹操也。」 嗣曰：「屈丐何如？」 浩曰：』屈丐國破家覆，孤孑一身，寄食姚氏，受其封殖。 不思酬恩報義，而乘時繳利，盜有一方，結怨四鄰。 撅豎小人，雖能縱暴一時，終當為人所吞食耳。」 嗣大悅，語至夜半，賜浩御縹醪十觚，水精鹽一兩，曰：「朕味卿言，如此鹽、灑，故欲與卿共饗其美。」 然猶命長孫嵩、叔孫建各簡精兵，伺裕西過，自成皋濟河，南侵彭、沛，若不時過，則引兵隨之。
Cui Hao was lecturing before the throne when Si asked him: "Liu Yu is campaigning against Yao Hong—can he truly prevail?" He answered: "He will prevail." Si asked: "Why?" He replied: "Yao Xing once chased empty glory and neglected real strength; his son Hong is weak and sickly, and the brothers are at odds. Liu Yu strikes while they are vulnerable, with crack troops and bold commanders—how could he fail!" Si asked: "How does Liu Yu's talent compare with Murong Chui's?" He answered: "Superior to him. Chui drew on the legacy of father and elder brother, rebuilt the old realm, and his people rallied to him like moths to flame—a little support, and merit came easily. Liu Yu rose from utter obscurity without inheriting a foot of land, overthrew Huan Xuan, restored the Jin dynasty, captured Murong Chao in the north and executed Lu Xun in the south, and swept all before him—without genius beyond ordinary men, how could he have done so!" Si said: "Once Liu Yu is inside the Pass and cannot advance or withdraw, suppose I send elite cavalry straight at Pengcheng and Shouchun—what can his generals do?" He replied: "Helian Bobo lies to the west and the Rouran to the north, both watching for weakness in our realm. Your Majesty cannot lead the armies in person; though we have fine soldiers, we lack proven commanders. Changsun Song is skilled at statecraft but weak in war—no match for Liu Yu. Raising armies for a distant strike offers no clear gain. Better to hold still and wait: when Liu Yu conquers Qin and returns, he will surely usurp his emperor. Guanzhong is a jumble of Chinese and barbarians, and its people are fierce by custom; Liu Yu would impose the manners of Jing and Yang upon Hanzhong and Qin—no different from wrapping fire in one's cloak or setting nets to catch a tiger; Even if he leaves garrisons behind, hearts will not be won and customs will not align—he will only arm future enemies. Let Your Majesty hold your armies and soothe your people while watching how matters unfold—the Qin lands will become ours in the end. We need only sit and wait." Si smiled and said: "Your judgment is keen!" Hao said: "I have privately compared the great ministers of recent times: Wang Meng governing the realm was to Fu Jian what Guan Zhong was to Duke Huan; Murong Ke guiding the young sovereign was to Murong Wei what Huo Guang was to Emperor Xuan; Liu Yu in quelling chaos was to Sima Dezong what Cao Cao was to Emperor Xian." Si asked: "What of Helian Bobo?" Hao said: "Helian Bobo's realm was shattered and his house ruined; alone and destitute, he lived at the Yao clan's table and accepted their bounty. Instead of repaying that kindness, he seized his chance for gain, stole a domain for himself, and made enemies on every side. A jumped-up scoundrel may rampage for a season, but in the end others will swallow him whole." Si was delighted; they talked until midnight, and he gave Hao ten gallons of imperial green wine and one liang of crystal salt, saying: "Your words are to me like this salt and wine—I wish to share their savor with you." Yet he still ordered Changsun Song and Shusun Jian each to pick elite troops and watch for Liu Yu's westward march: they were to cross the river at Chenggao, strike south into Peng and Pei, and if he did not pass in good time, follow in his wake.
28
魏主嗣西巡至雲中，遂濟河，畋於大漠。
Emperor Si of Wei toured west to Yunzhong, crossed the river, and hunted on the great steppe.
29
魏置天地四方六部大人，以諸公為之。
Wei created six departmental lords for Heaven, Earth, and the four directions, and appointed the princes to fill them.
30
秋，七月，太尉裕至陝。 沈田子、傅弘之入武關，秦戍將皆委城走。 田子等進屯青泥，秦主泓使給事黃門侍郎姚和都屯嶢柳以拒之。 西秦相國翟勍卒； 八月，以尚書令曇達為左丞相，右僕射元基為右丞相，御史大夫麴景為尚書令，侍中翟紹為左僕射。
In the seventh month of autumn, Grand Marshal Liu Yu reached Shan. Shen Tianzi and Fu Hongzhi entered Wu Pass; every Qin garrison commander abandoned his post and fled. Tianzi and his men advanced to Qingni; Lord of Qin Yao Hong sent Attendant-in-Ordinary of the Yellow Gate Yao Hedou to hold Yaoliu against them. Prime Minister Zhai Fu of Western Qin died; In the eighth month, Tanda was made Left Chancellor, Yuan Ji Right Chancellor, Qu Jing Minister of the Masters of Writing, and Zhai Shao Left Vice-Director.
31
太尉裕至闅鄉，沈田子等將攻嶢柳。 秦主泓欲自將以御裕軍，恐田子等襲其後，欲先擊滅田子等，然後傾國東出； 乃帥步騎數萬，奄至青泥。 田子本為疑兵，所領裁千餘人，聞泓至，欲擊之； 傅弘之以眾寡不敵止之，田子曰：「兵貴用奇，不必在眾。 且今眾寡相懸，勢不兩立，若彼結圍既固，則我無所逃矣。 不如乘其始至，營陳未立，先薄之，可以有功。」 遂帥所領先進，弘之繼之。 秦兵合圍數重。 田子撫慰士卒曰：「諸君冒險遠來，正求今日之戰，死生一決，封侯之業於此在矣！」 士卒皆踴躍鼓噪，執短兵奮擊，秦兵大敗，斬馘萬餘級，得其乘輿服御物，秦主泓奔還灞上。
Grand Marshal Liu Yu reached Huinxiang, and Shen Tianzi prepared to assault Yaoliu. Lord of Qin Yao Hong meant to lead the army himself against Liu Yu, but feared Tianzi might strike his rear; he resolved first to destroy Tianzi, then throw the whole realm eastward; He therefore marched with tens of thousands of foot and horse and suddenly appeared at Qingni. Tianzi's force was only a feint, barely a thousand strong; when he learned Hong was coming, he wanted to attack; Fu Hongzhi tried to stop him, saying they were too few to fight; Tianzi replied: "War favors the unexpected—it does not depend on numbers. Our numbers are wildly unequal and we cannot both survive; once they ring us in, we will have nowhere to run. Better to strike while they have just arrived and their camp is not yet set—we can still win." He led his men forward at once, with Hongzhi close behind. Qin troops closed around them in ring after ring. Tianzi rallied his men: "You came far and risked everything for this day—life and death hang on one clash, and the road to enfeoffment runs through here!" The soldiers shouted and surged forward with short blades; the Qin army collapsed. More than ten thousand heads were taken, along with Hong's carriage and regalia, and Lord of Qin Yao Hong fled back to Bashang.
32
初，裕以田子等眾少，遣沈林子將兵自秦嶺往助之，至則秦兵已敗，乃相與追之，關中群縣多潛送款於田子。
Earlier, seeing Tianzi's force was too small, Liu Yu had sent Shen Linzi south from the Qin Mountains to reinforce him; Linzi arrived after the Qin army was already broken, and together they pursued as counties across Guanzhong secretly pledged themselves to Tianzi.
33
辛丑，太尉裕至潼關，以朱超石為河東太守，使與振武將軍徐猗之會薛帛於河北，共攻蒲阪。 秦平原公璞與姚和都共擊之，猗之敗死，超石奔還潼關。 東平公贊遣司馬國璠引魏兵以躡裕後。
On xin-chou, Grand Marshal Liu Yu reached Tong Pass, made Zhu Chaoshi Administrator of Hedong, and ordered him to join General Xu Yizhi at Xuebo north of the river in a joint assault on Puban. Duke of Pingyuan Yao Pu and Yao Hedou attacked them together; Yizhi was defeated and killed, and Chaoshi retreated to Tong Pass. Duke of the East Ping Zan sent Sima Guofan to bring Wei troops and shadow Liu Yu's rear.
34
王鎮惡請帥水軍自河入渭以趨長安，裕許之。 秦恢武將軍姚難自香城引兵而西，鎮惡追之； 秦主泓自灞上引兵還屯石橋以為之援，鎮北將軍姚強與難合兵屯涇上以拒鎮惡。 鎮惡使毛德祖進擊，破之，強死，難奔長安。
Wang Zhen'e asked to lead the fleet from the Yellow River into the Wei and strike for Chang'an; Liu Yu agreed. Qin General Who Restores Military Might Yao Nan marched west from Xiangcheng, and Zhen'e gave chase; Lord of Qin Yao Hong withdrew from Bashang to Shiqiao to support him; General Who Pacifies the North Yao Qiang joined Nan on the Jing River to block Zhen'e. Zhen'e sent Mao Dezu forward to attack and routed them; Qiang was killed and Nan fled to Chang'an.
35
東平公贊退屯鄭城，太尉裕進軍逼之。 泓使姚丕守渭橋，胡翼度屯石積，東平公贊屯灞東，泓屯逍遙園。
Duke of the East Ping Zan fell back to Zheng city as Grand Marshal Liu Yu advanced and closed in. Hong posted Yao Pi at the Wei Bridge, Hu Yidu at Shiji, Duke of the East Ping Zan east of the Ba River, and himself at Xiaoyao Garden.
36
鎮惡溯渭而上，乘蒙沖小艦，行船者皆在艦內； 秦人見艦進而無行船者，皆驚以為神。 壬戌旦，鎮惡至渭橋，令軍士食畢，皆持仗登岸，後登者斬。 眾既登，渭水迅急，艦皆隨流，倏忽不知所在。 時泓所將尚數萬人。 鎮惡諭士卒曰：「吾屬並家在江南，此為長安北門，去家萬里，舟楫、衣糧皆已隨流。 今進戰而勝，則功名俱顯； 不勝，則骸骨不返，無它歧矣。 卿等勉之！」 乃身先士卒，眾騰踴爭進，大破姚丕於渭橋。 泓引兵救之，為丕敗卒所蹂踐，不戰而潰。 姚諶等皆死，泓單馬還宮。 鎮惡入自平朔門，泓與姚裕等數百騎逃奔石橋。 東平公贊聞泓敗，引兵赴之，眾皆潰去。 胡翼度降於太尉裕。
Zhen'e sailed up the Wei in covered assault boats and light craft, with every rower hidden inside; The Qin people saw the boats glide forward with no oarsmen visible and took it for sorcery. At dawn on ren-xu, Zhen'e reached the Wei Bridge, ordered his men to eat their fill, take up arms, and go ashore—any man who came last would be beheaded. Once all were ashore, the Wei ran swift and every boat was swept downstream, vanishing in moments. Hong still commanded tens of thousands of men. Zhen'e told his troops: "Our homes are all in the south; this is Chang'an's north gate, ten thousand li from home, and our boats, clothes, and grain have all been swept away. Fight and win, and fame and reward are ours; Lose, and our bones will never go home—there is no other way. Give me everything you have!" He charged at the head of his men; they surged forward and shattered Yao Pi at the Wei Bridge. Hong marched to his aid but was overrun by Pi's fleeing troops and broke without a fight. Yao Chen and others were killed; Hong rode alone back to the palace. Zhen'e entered through the Pingshuo Gate as Hong fled with Yao Yu and a few hundred horsemen toward Shiqiao. When Duke of the East Ping Zan heard Hong was beaten, he marched to help—but his men scattered and fled. Hu Yidu surrendered to Grand Marshal Liu Yu.
37
泓將出降，其子佛念，年十一，言於泓曰：「晉人將逞其欲，雖降必不免，不如引決。」 泓憮然不應，佛念登宮牆自投而死。 癸亥，泓將妻子、群臣詣鎮惡壘門請降，鎮惡以屬吏。 城中夷、晉六萬餘戶，鎮惡以國恩撫慰，號令嚴肅，百姓安堵。
As Hong prepared to surrender, his eleven-year-old son Foxinian said to him: "The Jin will do as they please; even if we yield, we cannot escape—better to end our own lives." Hong stared in silence; Foxinian climbed the palace wall and cast himself down to his death. On gui-hai, Hong came with his wife, children, and ministers to the gate of Zhen'e's camp to surrender; Zhen'e turned him over to the officials. More than sixty thousand barbarian and Han households remained in the city; Zhen'e reassured them with imperial grace, kept discipline strict, and the people lived undisturbed.
38
九月，太尉裕至長安，鎮惡迎於灞上。 裕勞之曰：「成吾霸業者，卿也！」 鎮惡再拜謝曰：「明公之威，諸將之力，鎮惡何功之有！」 裕笑曰：「卿欲學馮異邪？」 鎮惡性貪，秦府庫盈積，鎮惡盜取不可勝紀； 裕以其功大，不問。 或譖諸裕曰：「鎮惡藏姚泓偽輦，將有異志。」 裕使人覘之，鎮惡剔取其金銀，棄輦於垣側，裕意乃安。
In the ninth month, Grand Marshal Liu Yu reached Chang'an, and Zhen'e received him at Bashang. Liu Yu praised him: "You are the man who made my hegemony!" Zhen'e bowed twice and replied: "It was your authority and the generals' strength—what merit is mine!" Liu Yu laughed: "Are you trying to imitate Feng Yi?" Zhen'e was greedy by nature; the Qin treasury overflowed with wealth, and he plundered it beyond reckoning; Liu Yu, considering his achievement too great, said nothing. Someone slandered Wang Zhen'e to Liu Yu, saying, "Zhen'e is hiding Yao Hong's counterfeit imperial carriage and harbors rebellious intent." Liu Yu sent men to investigate. Zhen'e stripped out the gold and silver, threw the carriage aside by a wall, and Liu Yu's suspicions were put to rest.
39
裕收秦彝器、渾儀、土圭、記裡鼓、指南車送詣建康。 其餘金玉、繒帛、珍寶，皆以頒賜將士。 秦平原公璞、并州刺史尹昭以蒲阪降，東平公贊帥宗族百餘人詣裕降，裕皆殺之。 送姚泓至建康，斬於市。 裕以薛辯為平陽太守，使鎮捍北道。
Liu Yu gathered Qin's ritual bronzes, the armillary sphere, the gnomon, the mile-marking drum carriage, and the south-pointing chariot and sent them to Jiankang. The remaining gold, jade, silks, and treasures he distributed among his officers and soldiers. Qin's Duke of Pingyuan, Yao Pu, and Bingzhou Inspector Yin Zhao surrendered at Puban. Duke of the East Ping, Yao Zan, led more than a hundred kinsmen to surrender to Liu Yu, and Liu Yu had them all executed. Yao Hong was sent to Jiankang and beheaded in the public square. Liu Yu made Xue Bian Administrator of Pingyang and stationed him to hold the northern frontier.
40
裕議遷都洛陽，諮議參軍王仲德曰：「非常之事，固非常人所及，必致駭動。 今暴師日久，士卒思歸，遷都之計，未可議也。 裕乃止。
Liu Yu proposed moving the capital to Luoyang. Advisory Attendant Wang Zhongde said, "An extraordinary measure is naturally beyond ordinary men and is bound to cause shock and unrest. The army has been in the field too long, and the men are homesick. The question of moving the capital cannot be broached yet. Liu Yu dropped the idea.
41
羌眾十餘萬口西奔隴上，沈林子追擊至槐裡，俘虜萬計。
More than a hundred thousand Qiang fled west into Longshang. Shen Linzi pursued them to Huaili and took captives numbering in the tens of thousands.
42
河西王蒙遜聞太尉裕滅秦，怒甚。 門下校郎劉祥入言事，蒙遜曰：「汝聞劉裕入關，敢謂群臣曰：「姚泓非裕敵也。 且其兄弟內叛，安能拒人！ 裕取關中必矣。 然裕不能久留，必將南歸，留子弟及諸將守之，吾取之如拾芥耳。」 乃秣馬礪兵，訓養士卒，進據安定，秦嶺北郡縣鎮戍皆降之。 裕遺使遺勃勃書，約為兄弟； 勃勃使中書侍郎皇甫徽為報書而陰育之，對裕使者，口授舍人使書之。 裕讀其文，歎曰：「吾不如也！」
When Lord of Hexi Ju Mengsun learned that Grand Marshal Liu Yu had destroyed Qin, he was furious. Palace Attendant Liu Xiang came in on business. Mengsun said, "When Liu Yu entered the Pass, you dared tell the court, 'Yao Hong is no match for Liu Yu. His own brothers turned against him from within—how could he hold anyone off! Liu Yu is certain to take Guanzhong. But Liu Yu cannot stay long. He is sure to return south and leave sons, brothers, and generals to hold the region. I shall take it as easily as picking up a mustard seed." He then fed his horses, honed his arms, drilled his troops, advanced to occupy Anding, and the commanderies, counties, and garrisons north of the Qinling all submitted to him. Liu Yu sent an envoy with a letter to Helian Bobo, proposing a pact of brotherhood; Bobo had Palace Secretariat Attendant Huangfu Hui compose the reply while secretly grooming him for the task. Facing Liu Yu's envoy, he dictated the text to a secretary-attendant to write down. When Liu Yu read the letter, he sighed and said, "I am not his equal!"
43
廣州刺史謝欣卒，東海人徐道期聚眾攻陷州城，進攻始興，始興相彭城劉廉之討誅之。 詔以謙之為廣州刺史。
Guangzhou Inspector Xie Xin died. Xu Daoqi of Donghai raised a mob, stormed the provincial capital, and marched on Shixing. Shixing Chancellor Liu Lianzhi of Pengcheng defeated and killed him. An edict made Qianzhi Inspector of Guangzhou.
44
癸酉，司馬休之、司馬文思、司馬國璠、司馬道賜、魯軌、韓延之、刁雍、王慧龍及桓溫之孫道度、道子、族人桓謐、桓璲、陳郡袁式等皆詣魏長孫嵩降。 秦匈奴鎮將姚成都及弟和都舉鎮降魏。 魏主嗣詔民間得姚氏子弟送平城者賞之。 冬，十月，己酉，嗣召長孫嵩等還。 司馬休之尋卒於魏。 魏賜國璠爵淮南公，道賜爵池陽子，魯軌爵襄陽公。 刁雍表求南鄙自效，嗣以雍為建義將軍。 雍聚眾於河、濟之間，擾動徐、兗； 太尉裕遣兵討之，不克，雍進屯固山，眾至二萬。
On guiyou, Sima Xiuzhi, Sima Wensi, Sima Guofan, Sima Daosi, Lu Gui, Han Yanzhi, Diao Yong, Wang Huilong, Huan Wen's grandsons Daodu and Daozi, kinsmen Huan Mi and Huan Ji, Yuan Shi of Chen Commandery, and others all went over to Wei and surrendered to Changsun Song. Qin's Xiongnu Garrison General Yao Chengdu and his younger brother Hedou surrendered the garrison to Wei. Emperor Si of Wei decreed that anyone who captured members of the Yao clan and sent them to Pingcheng would be rewarded. In winter, the tenth month, on jiyou, Emperor Si recalled Changsun Song and his forces. Sima Xiuzhi soon died in Wei territory. Wei enfeoffed Guofan as Duke of Huainan, Daosi as Marquis of Chiyang, and Lu Gui as Duke of Xiangyang. Diao Yong submitted a memorial offering to serve on the southern frontier. Emperor Si appointed him General Who Establishes Righteousness. Diao Yong gathered forces between the Yellow and Ji Rivers and harassed Xu and Yan; Grand Marshal Liu Yu sent troops against him but failed to defeat him. Diao Yong advanced to Gushan, where his force grew to twenty thousand.
45
詔進宋公爵為王，增封十郡； 辭不受。
An edict promoted the Duke of Song to king and added ten commanderies to his domain; He declined the honor.
46
西秦王熾磐遣左丞相曇達等擊秦故將姚艾，艾遣使稱籓，熾磐以艾為征東大將軍、秦州牧。 征王松壽為尚書左僕射。
King Chipan of Western Qin sent Left Chancellor Tanda and others against Qin's former general Yao Ai. Ai sent envoys to declare vassalage, and Chipan appointed him Grand General Who Campaigns East and Governor of Qin Province. He summoned Wang Songshou to serve as Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
47
十一月，魏叔孫建等討西山丁零翟蜀洛支等，平之。
In the eleventh month, Shusun Jian of Wei and others suppressed the Western Mountain Dingling under Zhai Shuluozhi and pacified them.
48
辛未，劉穆之卒。 太尉裕聞之，驚慟哀惋者累日。 始，裕欲留長安經略西北，而諸將佐皆久役思歸，多不欲留。 會穆之卒，裕以根本無托，遂決意東還。
On xinwei, Liu Muzhi died. When Grand Marshal Liu Yu heard the news, he was stunned and mourned for days. Liu Yu had originally intended to remain at Chang'an and consolidate the northwest, but his generals and staff, weary from long service, were eager to go home, and most did not want to stay. When Muzhi died, Liu Yu, left without support at home, resolved to return east.
49
穆之之卒也，朝廷恇懼，欲發詔，以太尉左司馬徐羨之代之，中軍咨議參軍張邵曰：「今誠急病，任終在徐； 然世子無專命，宜須諮之。」 裕欲以王弘代穆之，從事中郎謝晦曰：「休元輕易，不若羨之。」 乃羨之為吏部尚書、建威將軍、丹陽尹，代管留任。 於是朝廷大事常決於穆之者，並悉北咨。
When Muzhi died, the court was alarmed and wanted to issue an edict appointing Grand Marshal Left Assistant Xu Xianzhi to replace him. Central Army Advisory Attendant Zhang Shao said, "The crisis is urgent, and Xu is the right man for the post; but the heir lacks independent authority. We should consult him first." Liu Yu wanted Wang Hong to replace Muzhi. Attendant Gentleman Xie Hui said, "Xiuyuan is too light-minded—not as reliable as Xianzhi." So Xianzhi was made Director of the Masters of Writing for Personnel, General Who Establishes Might, and Governor of Danyang, to manage affairs while Liu Yu was away. Henceforth, all major court decisions that had once rested with Muzhi were referred north to Liu Yu for approval.
50
裕以次子桂陽公義真為都督雍、梁、秦王州諸軍事、安西將軍、領雍、東秦二州刺史。 義真時年十二。 以太尉咨議參軍京兆王修為長史，王鎮惡為司馬、領馮翊太守，沈田子、毛德祖皆為中兵參軍，仍以田子領始平太守，德祖領秦州刺史、天水太守，傅弘之為雍州治中從事史。
Liu Yu appointed his second son, Prince of Guiyang Yizhen, Area Commander over Yong, Liang, and the three Qin provinces, Pacifying-the-West General, and concurrent Inspector of Yong and Eastern Qin. Yizhen was twelve years old at the time. He appointed Grand Marshal Advisory Attendant Wang Xiu of Jingzhao as Chief Clerk; Wang Zhen'e as Vice Commander and concurrent Administrator of Fufeng; Shen Tianzi and Mao Dezu as Central Army Attendants; Tianzi also as Administrator of Shiping; Dezu as Inspector of Qin Province and Administrator of Tianshui; and Fu Hongzhi as Chief Aide of Yong Province.
51
先是，隴上流戶寓關中者，望因兵威得復本土； 及置東秦州，知裕無復西略之意，皆歎息失望。
Earlier, migrant households from upstream Long who had settled in Guanzhong had hoped that Liu Yu's military power would let them return home; when Eastern Qin Province was established, they realized Liu Yu had no further ambition in the west, and all sighed in disappointment.
52
關中人素重王猛，裕之克長安，王鎮惡功為多，由是南人皆忌之。 沈田子自以嶢柳之捷，與鎮惡爭功不平。 裕將還，田子及傅弘之屢言於裕曰：「鎮惡家在關中，不可保信。」 裕曰：「今留卿文武將士精兵萬人，彼若欲為不善，正足自滅耳。 勿復多言。」 裕私謂田子曰：「鐘會不得遂其亂者，以有衛瓘故也。 語曰：『猛獸不如群狐』，卿等十餘人，何懼王鎮惡！」
The people of Guanzhong had long revered Wang Meng. In Liu Yu's capture of Chang'an, Wang Zhen'e's service had been greatest, and for that reason the southerners all resented him. Shen Tianzi, crediting himself with the victory at Yaoliu, resented sharing glory with Zhen'e. As Liu Yu prepared to return east, Tianzi and Fu Hongzhi repeatedly told him, "Zhen'e's family is in Guanzhong. He cannot be trusted." Liu Yu replied, "I am leaving you civil and military officers with ten thousand picked troops. If he tries anything, he will only destroy himself. Say no more of it." Privately Liu Yu told Tianzi, "Zhong Hui failed in his rebellion because Wei Guan was there to stop him. As the saying goes, 'A fierce beast is no match for a pack of foxes.' There are more than ten of you—what need is there to fear Wang Zhen'e!"
53
臣光曰：古人有言：「疑則勿任，任則勿疑。」 裕既委鎮惡以關中，而復與田子有後言，是斗之使為亂也。 惜乎！ 百年之寇，千里之士，得之艱難，失之造次，使豐、鄗之都復輸寇手。 荀子曰：「兼併易能也，堅凝之難。」 信哉！
Master Guang remarks: The ancients said, "When in doubt, do not appoint; once appointed, do not doubt." Liu Yu had entrusted Guanzhong to Zhen'e, yet whispered otherwise to Tianzi—this was practically inviting rebellion. What a pity! A land a century in enemy hands, a thousand li of territory—won only after great hardship, lost in reckless haste, so that the ancient capitals of Feng and Hao passed once more into invader hands. Xunzi said, "Conquest is easy; holding and consolidating what is won is hard." How true that is!
54
三秦父老聞裕將還，詣門流涕訴曰：「殘民不沾王化，於今百年，始睹衣冠，人人相賀。 長安十陵是公家墳墓，咸陽宮殿是公家室宅，捨此欲何之乎！」 裕為之愍然，慰諭之曰：「受命朝廷，不得擅留。 誠多諸君懷本之志，今以次息與文武賢才共鎮此境，勉與之居。」 十二月，庚子，裕發長安，自洛入河，開汴渠以歸。
The elders of the Three Qins, hearing that Liu Yu was about to leave, came to his gate in tears and pleaded, "We have lived as a broken people outside the king's civilizing rule for a century. We have only just seen officials in court dress again, and every man rejoices with his neighbor. The ten imperial tombs at Chang'an are your family's graves, and the palaces at Xianyang are your family's home. Where can you go but here!" Liu Yu was deeply moved and consoled them: "I serve at the court's command and cannot stay without authorization. I know how deeply you long for home. I leave my younger son here with able civil and military men to hold this land. Do your best to stay and live with them." In the twelfth month, on gengzi, Liu Yu departed Chang'an, entered the Yellow River from Luoyang, opened the Bian Canal, and headed home.
55
氐豪徐駭奴、齊元子等擁部落三萬在雍，遣使請降於魏。 魏主嗣遣將軍王洛生、河內太守楊聲等西行以應之。
Di chieftains Xu Hainu, Qi Yuanzi, and others, leading a tribe of thirty thousand at Yong, sent envoys to surrender to Wei. Emperor Si of Wei sent General Wang Luosheng, Henei Administrator Yang Sheng, and others west to meet them.
56
閏月，壬申，魏主嗣如大寧長川。
In the intercalary month, on renshen, Emperor Si of Wei traveled to Daning Changchuan.
57
秦、雍人千餘家推襄邑令上谷寇贊為主，以降於魏，魏主嗣拜贊魏郡太守。 久之，秦、雍人流入魏之河南、滎陽、河內者，戶以萬數。 嗣乃置南雍州，以贊為刺史，封河南公，治洛陽，立雍州郡縣以撫之。 贊善於招懷，流民歸之者，三倍其初。
More than a thousand Qin and Yong households made Xiangyi Magistrate Kou Zan of Shanggu their leader and surrendered to Wei. Emperor Si appointed Zan Administrator of Wei Commandery. In time, Qin and Yong refugees who fled into Wei's Henan, Xingyang, and Henei numbered in the tens of thousands of households. Emperor Si then established Southern Yong Province, made Zan its Inspector, enfeoffed him Duke of Henan, and governed from Luoyang, establishing Yong commanderies and counties to settle the refugees. Zan was skilled at winning people over, and the refugees who came to him eventually tripled the original number.
58
夏王勃勃聞太尉裕東還，大喜，問於王買德曰：「騰欲取關中，卿試言其方略。」 買德曰：「關中形勝之地，而裕以幼子守之。 狼狽而歸，正欲急成篡事耳，不暇復以中原為意。 此天以關中賜我，不可失也。 青泥、上洛，南北之險要，宜先遣遊軍斷之； 東塞潼關，絕其水陸之路； 然後傳檄三輔，施以威德，則義真在網罟之中，不足取也。」 勃勃乃以其子撫軍大將軍瑰都督前鋒諸軍事，帥騎二萬向長安。 前將軍昌屯潼關，以買德為撫軍右長史，屯青泥，勃勃將大軍為後繼。
When King Bobo of Xia heard that Grand Marshal Liu Yu was returning east, he was delighted. He asked Wang Maide, "I mean to take Guanzhong. Tell me your strategy." Maide said, "Guanzhong is a land of natural strength, yet Liu Yu has left a young son to hold it. He is hurrying home in disarray because he wants to seize the throne at once and will have no time to think of the Central Plains again. Heaven is handing Guanzhong to us. We must not let the chance slip. Qingni and Shangluo are the vital passes north and south. Send mobile troops first to seize them; block Tong Pass to the east and cut off their routes by land and water; then issue proclamations across the Three Adjuncts and apply both force and kindness. Yizhen will be caught in a net and will be easy to take." Bobo then made his son, Pacification-Army Grand General Helian Gui, Commander of the Vanguard, and sent him with twenty thousand cavalry toward Chang'an. Forward General Chang held Tong Pass. Maide was made Right Chief Clerk of the Pacification Army and encamped at Qingni. Bobo followed with the main army.
59
是歲，魏都坐大官章安侯封懿卒。
That year, Wei's Director of the Imperial Kitchen, Marquis of Zhang'an Feng Yi, died.
60
安皇帝癸義熙十四年（ 戊午，公元四一八年）
In the fourteenth year of Yixi during the reign of Emperor An ( wuwu, the year 418 CE)
61
春，正月，丁酉朔，魏主嗣至平城，命護高車中郎將薛繁帥高車、丁零北略，至弱水而還。
In spring, the first month, on dingyou, the new moon, Emperor Si of Wei reached Pingcheng and ordered Guardian of the Gaoche Central Palace Gentleman Xue Fan to lead Gaoche and Dingling forces north. They reached the Ruoshui and returned.
62
辛巳，大赦。
On xinsi, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
63
夏赫連瑰至渭陽，關中民降之者屬路。 龍驤將軍沈田子將兵拒之，畏其眾盛，退屯劉回堡，遣使還報王鎮惡。 鎮惡謂王修曰：「公以十歲兒付吾屬，當共思竭力； 而擁兵不進，虜何由得平！」 使者還，以告田子。 田子與鎮惡素有相圖之志，由是益忿懼。 未幾，鎮惡與田子俱出北地以拒夏兵，軍中訛言：「鎮惡欲盡殺南人，以數十人送義真南還。 因據關中反。」 辛亥，田子請鎮惡至傅弘之營計事。 田子求屏人語，使其宗人沈敬仁斬之幕下，矯稱受太尉令誅之。 弘之奔告劉義真，義真與王修被甲登橫門以察其變。 俄而田子帥數十人來至，言鎮惡反。 修執田子，數以專戮，斬之； 以冠軍將軍毛修之代鎮惡為安西司馬。 傅弘之大破赫連瑰於池陽，又破之於寡婦渡，斬獲甚眾，夏兵乃退。
Helian Gui of Xia reached Weiyang, and Guanzhong people surrendering to him filled the roads. Flying-Dragon General Shen Tianzi marched to oppose him. Fearing the enemy's numbers, he fell back to Liuhui Fortress and sent a messenger to report to Wang Zhen'e. Zhen'e told Wang Xiu, "The lord entrusted a ten-year-old boy to our care. We should devote ourselves wholeheartedly together; yet you hold your troops back and refuse to advance. How can the enemy ever be defeated!" When the messenger returned and told Tianzi, Tianzi and Zhen'e had long plotted against each other, and he grew all the more angry and afraid. Before long, Zhen'e and Tianzi both marched to Beidi to resist the Xia army. A false rumor spread through the camp: "Zhen'e plans to kill all the southerners, send a few dozen men to escort Yizhen south, and then seize Guanzhong and rebel." On xinhai, Tianzi invited Zhen'e to Fu Hongzhi's camp to discuss plans. Tianzi sent everyone else away, then had his kinsman Shen Jingren cut Wang Zhen'e down under the tent awning and falsely announced that he had acted on the Grand Marshal's orders. Hongzhi raced to warn Liu Yizhen. Yizhen and Wang Xiu armed themselves and mounted the Heng Gate to watch for trouble. Before long Tianzi appeared at the head of several dozen men, claiming that Zhen'e had risen in rebellion. Xiu seized Tianzi, upbraided him for killing a man on his own authority, and had him beheaded; he then appointed Champion General Mao Xiuzhi to succeed Zhen'e as Pacifying-the-West Major. Fu Hongzhi shattered Helian Gui at Chiyang, routed him again at Widow's Ford, and took a vast toll in killed and captured before the Xia army finally withdrew.
64
壬戌，太尉裕至彭城，解嚴，琅邪王德文先歸建康。
On renxu the Grand Marshal Yu reached Pengcheng and lifted the wartime restrictions. Prince of Langye Dewen went on ahead to Jiankang.
65
裕聞王鎮惡死，表言「沈田子忽發狂易，奄害忠勳」，追贈鎮惡左將軍、青州刺史。
When Yu heard that Wang Zhen'e was dead, he submitted a memorial stating that "Shen Tianzi suddenly lost his mind and murdered a loyal servant of the state," and posthumously honored Zhen'e as General of the Left and Inspector of Qingzhou.
66
以彭城內史劉遵考為并州刺史、領河東太守，鎮蒲阪； 征荊州刺史劉道憐為徐、兗二州刺史。
He made Liu Zunkao, Administrator of the Pengcheng interior, Inspector of Bingzhou and concurrent Administrator of Hedong, with his seat at Puban; and recalled Inspector of Jingzhou Liu Daolian to serve as Inspector of Xu and Yan.
67
裕欲以世子義符鎮荊州，以徐州刺史劉義隆為司州刺史，鎮洛陽。 中軍諮議張邵諫曰：「儲貳之重，四海所繫，不宜處外。」 乃更以義隆為都督荊、益、寧、雍、梁、秦六州諸軍事、西中郎將、荊州刺史，以南郡太守到彥之為南蠻校尉，張邵為司馬、領南郡相，冠軍功曹王曇首為長史，北徐州從事王華為西中郎主簿，沈林子為西中郎參軍。 義隆尚幼，府事皆決於邵。 曇首，弘之弟也。 裕謂義隆曰：「王曇首沉毅有器度，宰相才也，汝每事咨之。」
Yu planned to post his heir Yifu in Jingzhou and appoint Liu Yilong, Inspector of Xuzhou, as Inspector of Sizhou with his seat at Luoyang. Central Army Adviser Zhang Shao objected: "The heir-apparent is the linchpin of the empire. He must not be sent to govern a distant province." Yu changed course. Liu Yilong was made Supervisor of Military Affairs for Jing, Yi, Ning, Yong, Liang, and Qin, General of the West, and Inspector of Jingzhou. Nanjun Administrator Dao Yanzhi became Colonel of the Southern Barbarians; Zhang Shao became Major and concurrent Administrator of Nanjun; Champion Registrar Wang Tanshou became Chief Clerk; North Xuzhou staff officer Wang Hua became Secretariat of the General of the West; and Shen Linzi became an adjutant on Yilong's staff. Yilong was still a boy, and every matter of the headquarters was decided by Shao. Tanshou was Hongzhi's younger brother. Yu told Yilong, "Wang Tanshou is deep, steady, and broad in spirit—material for a chief minister. Take counsel with him in all things."
68
以南郡公劉義慶為豫州刺史。 義慶，道憐之子也。
Prince of Nanjun Liu Yiqing was appointed Inspector of Yuzhou. Yiqing was Daolian's son.
69
裕解司州，領徐、冀二州刺史。
Yu gave up Sizhou and took on the inspectorates of Xu and Ji in addition to his other duties.
70
秦王熾磐以乞伏木弈干為沙州刺史，鎮樂都。 二月，乙弗烏地延帥戶二萬降秦。
King Chi Pan of Qin appointed Qifu Mugan Inspector of Shazhou, with his headquarters at Ledu. In the second month Bifu Wudiyan brought twenty thousand households over to Qin in surrender.
71
三月，遣使聘魏。
In the third month he sent envoys to Wei on a diplomatic mission.
72
夏，四月，己巳，魏徙冀、定、幽三州徒河於代都。 初，和龍有赤氣四塞蔽日，自寅至申，燕太史令張穆言於燕王跋曰：「此兵氣也。 今魏方強盛，而執其使者，好命不通，臣竊懼焉。」 跋曰：「吾方思之。」 五月，魏主嗣東巡，至濡源及甘松，遣征東將軍長孫道生、安東將軍李先、給事黃門侍郎奚觀帥精騎二萬襲燕，又命驍騎將軍延普、幽州刺史尉諾自幽州引兵趨遼西，為之聲勢，嗣屯突門嶺以待之。 道生等拔乙連城，進攻和龍，與燕單于右輔古泥戰，破之，殺其將皇甫軌。 燕王跋嬰城自守，魏人攻之，不克，掠其民萬餘家而還。
In summer, in the fourth month on jisi, Wei transferred the resettled populations of Ji, Ding, and You to the capital at Dai. Earlier at Helong, red mists had filled the sky and blocked out the sun from dawn till mid-afternoon. Yan Grand Astrologer Zhang Mu told King Ba, "This is the aura of war. Wei grows stronger by the day, yet we hold their envoy and no friendly word passes between us. I fear what may follow." Ba said, "I have been thinking the same." In the fifth month Emperor Si of Wei toured east as far as Ruyuan and Gansong. He sent Campaigning-East General Zhangsun Daosheng, Pacifying-the-East General Li Xian, and Yellow Gate Attendant Xi Guan at the head of twenty thousand picked horsemen to strike Yan, and ordered Fierce Cavalry General Yan Pu and Inspector of Youzhou Wei Nuo to march from Youzhou into Liaoxi to lend weight to the attack, while Si himself waited at Tumen Ridge. Daosheng and his commanders took Yilian Fortress, pressed on against Helong, fought Yan's Right Assistant Guni, routed him, and killed his general Huangfu Gui. King Ba barricaded himself inside Helong. The Wei army could not breach the walls, so it carried off more than ten thousand of his people and withdrew.
73
六月，太尉裕始受相國、宋公、九錫之命。 赦國中殊死以下，崇繼母蘭陵蕭氏為太妃。 以太尉軍諮祭酒孔靖為宋國尚書令，左長史王弘為僕射，領選，從事中郎傅亮、蔡廓皆為侍中，謝晦為右衛將軍，右長史鄭鮮之為奉常，行參軍殷景仁為秘書郎，其餘百官，悉依天朝之制。 靖辭不受。 亮，鹹之孫； 廓，謨之曾孫； 鮮之，渾之玄孫； 景仁，融之曾孫也。 景仁學不為文，敏有思致； 口不談義，深達理體； 至於國典、朝儀、舊章、記注，莫不撰錄，識者知其有當世之志。
In the sixth month Grand Marshal Yu at last accepted the titles of Chancellor, Duke of Song, and the Nine Bestowals. He granted amnesty for all offenses short of capital crime throughout the realm and raised his stepmother, Lady Xiao of Lanling, to the rank of Grand Consort. He named Grand Marshal Military Staff Sacrificer Kong Jing Director of the Masters of Writing of Song, Left Chief Clerk Wang Hong Vice Director with charge of appointments, Staff Officers Fu Liang and Cai Kuo Palace Attendants, Xie Hui General of the Right Guard, Right Chief Clerk Zheng Xianzhi Director of Ceremonies, and Acting Adjutant Yin Jingren Secretariat Gentleman; the remaining offices were filled according to the imperial model. Kong Jing refused the appointment. Liang was a grandson of Xian; Kuo was a great-grandson of Mo; Xianzhi was a great-great-grandson of Hun; and Jingren was a great-grandson of Rong. Jingren cared little for polished prose, yet he was quick-witted and penetrating; he never lectured on metaphysics, yet he understood the heart of affairs; and whether the topic was state law, court ceremony, ancient precedent, or historical record, there was scarcely a document he had not gathered and annotated. Those who knew him saw in this the ambition of a man meant for power.
74
魏天部大人白馬文貞公崔宏疾篤，魏主嗣遣侍臣問病，一夜數返。 及卒，詔群臣及附國渠帥皆會葬。
Cui Hong, Great Man of the Heavenly Division and Duke Wen of White Horse, lay near death. Emperor Si sent courtiers to ask after him, and they came and went several times in one night. When he died, an edict ordered every minister and every chieftain of the subject tribes to attend the burial.
75
秋，七月，戊午，魏主嗣至平城。
In autumn, in the seventh month on wuwu, Emperor Si of Wei arrived at Pingcheng.
76
九月，甲寅，魏人命諸州調民租，戶五十石，積於定、相、冀三州。
In the ninth month on jiayin Wei ordered every province to levy fifty piculs of grain rent per household and stockpile it in Ding, Xiang, and Ji.
77
河西王蒙遜復引兵伐涼，涼公歆將拒之，左長史張體順固諫，乃止。 蒙遜芟其秋稼而還。
King Mengsun of Hexi marched against Liang again. Duke of Liang Xin prepared to meet him in battle, but Left Chief Clerk Zhang Tishun pleaded against it until he gave up the idea. Mengsun cut down their autumn grain and withdrew.
78
歆遣使來告襲位。 冬，十月，以歆為都督七郡諸軍事、鎮西大將軍、酒泉公。
Xin sent envoys to announce that he had taken the throne. In winter, in the tenth month, Xin was made Supervisor of Military Affairs for seven commanderies, General Who Pacifies the West, and Duke of Jiuquan.
79
姚艾叛秦，降河西王蒙遜，蒙遜引兵迎之。 艾叔父俊言於眾曰：「秦王寬仁有雅度，自可安居事之，何為從河西王西遷！」 眾鹹以為然，乃相與逐艾，推俊為主，復歸於秦。 秦王熾磐征俊為侍中、中書監、征南將軍，賜爵隴西公，以左丞相曇達為都督洮、罕以東諸軍事、征東大將軍、秦州牧，鎮南安。
Yao Ai rebelled against Qin and went over to King Mengsun of Hexi, who marched out to receive him. Yao Ai's uncle Jun told the people, "The King of Qin is generous and steady of mind. Under him we can live in peace. Why follow the King of Hexi into exile in the west!" The people agreed. They drove Ai out, made Jun their leader, and returned to Qin. King Chi Pan summoned Jun as Palace Attendant, Supervisor of the Masters of Writing, and General Who Campaigns South, and enfeoffed him as Duke of Longxi. Left Chancellor Tanda was made Supervisor of Military Affairs east of Tao and Han, General Who Campaigns East, and Governor of Qinzhou, with his seat at Nan'an.
80
劉義真年少，賜與左右無節，王修每裁抑之。 左右皆怨，譖修於義真曰：「王鎮惡欲反，故沈田子殺之。 修殺田子，是亦欲反也。」 義真信之，使左右劉乞等殺修。 修既死，人情離駭，莫相統壹。 義真悉召外軍入長安，閉門拒守。 關中郡縣悉降於夏。 赫連瑰夜襲長安，不克，夏王勃勃進據咸陽，長安樵采路絕。
Liu Yizhen was still young and showered his attendants with gifts without limit. Wang Xiu checked him at every turn. His attendants nursed their resentment and whispered to Yizhen, "Wang Zhen'e meant to rebel, and that is why Shen Tianzi killed him. Xiu killed Tianzi—he means to rebel as well." Yizhen believed them and sent Liu Qi and the other attendants to kill Xiu. When Xiu was dead, morale collapsed. No one could hold the army together. Yizhen called every outside garrison into Chang'an, shut the gates, and prepared to defend the city. Every commandery and county in Guanzhong submitted to Xia. Helian Gui struck Chang'an by night but failed to take it. King Bobo of Xia pressed forward to occupy Xianyang, and the paths by which Chang'an gathered firewood were severed.
81
宋公裕聞之，使輔國將軍蒯恩如長安，召義真東歸； 以相國右司馬朱齡石為都督關中諸軍事、右將軍、雍州刺史，代鎮長安。 裕謂齡石曰：「卿至，可敕義真輕裝速發，既出關，然後可徐行。 若關右必不可守，可與義真俱歸。」 又命中書侍郎朱超石慰勞河、洛。
When Duke Yu of Song heard what had happened, he sent Assisting-the-State General Kuai En to Chang'an to bring Yizhen home; he appointed Chancellor's Right Major Zhu Lingshi Supervisor of Military Affairs in Guanzhong, General of the Right, and Inspector of Yongzhou to hold Chang'an in Yizhen's place. Yu told Lingshi, "When you arrive, tell Yizhen to strip down and move fast. Only after he is out of the passes may he take his time. If the west cannot be held at all, come back with him." He also ordered Secretariat Attendant Zhu Chaoshi to reassure the people along the Yellow River and in Luoyang.
82
十一月，齡石至長安。 義真將士貪縱，大掠而東，多載寶貨、子女，方軌徐行。 雍州別駕韋華奔夏，赫連瑰帥眾三萬追義真。 建威將軍傅弘之曰：「公處分亟進； 今多將輜重，一日行不過十里，虜追騎且至，何以待之！ 宜棄車輕行，乃可以免。」 義真不從。 俄而夏兵大至，傅弘之、蒯恩斷後，力戰連日，至青泥，晉兵大敗，弘之、恩皆為王買德所禽。 司馬毛修之與義真相失，亦為夏兵所禽。 義真行在前，會日暮，夏兵不窮追，故得免； 左右盡散，獨逃草中。 中兵參軍段宏單騎追尋，緣道呼之，義真識其聲，出就之，曰：「君非段中兵邪？ 身在此，行矣！ 必不兩全，可刎身頭以南，使家公望絕。」 宏泣曰：「今日之事，誠無算略； 然丈夫不經此，何以知艱難！」
In the eleventh month Lingshi reached Chang'an. Yizhen's officers and men, drunk on greed, plundered as they went east, loading wagons with gold, goods, and captive women and marching in wide columns at a crawl. Yongzhou Attendant Counsel Wei Hua defected to Xia. Helian Gui came after Yizhen with thirty thousand men. Establishing-Might General Fu Hongzhi said, "Our lord ordered us to move quickly; yet we are dragging a train of wagons and cover barely ten li a day. The enemy cavalry will be on us soon. What then! Cast off the wagons and travel light—that is the only way out." Yizhen would not listen. Before long the Xia army closed in. Fu Hongzhi and Kuai En held the rear and fought day after day. At Qingni the Jin force was shattered. Hongzhi and En were both taken by Wang Maide. Major Mao Xiuzhi lost Yizhen in the rout and was captured as well. Yizhen had gone on ahead. Night fell, the Xia pursuers slackened, and he slipped away; his attendants had all fled, and he hid alone in the tall grass. Staff Officer of the Central Army Duan Hong rode alone along the road calling his name. Yizhen knew the voice, came out of hiding, and said, "Is that you, Staff Officer Duan? I am here. Go on! We cannot both live. Cut off my head and carry it south, so my father's line ends with me." Hong wept and said, "There is no clever plan that can save us today; but what man ever learned what hardship means without passing through a day like this!"
83
夏王勃勃欲降傅弘之，弘之不屈。 時天寒，勃勃裸之，弘之叫罵而死。 勃勃積人頭為京觀，號曰髑髏台。 長安百姓逐朱齡石，齡石焚其宮殿，奔潼關。 勃勃入長安，大饗將士，舉觴謂王買德曰：「卿往日之言，一期而驗，可謂算無遺策。 此觴所集，非卿而誰！」 以買德為都官尚書，封河陽候。
King Bobo of Xia tried to win Fu Hongzhi over. Hongzhi refused to yield. The weather was freezing. Bobo had him stripped bare, and Hongzhi died cursing him to the last. Bobo heaped the slain into a mound of skulls and named it the Terrace of Bones. The people of Chang'an turned on Zhu Lingshi. He set the palace afire and fled toward Tong Pass. Bobo entered Chang'an and feasted his army. Raising his cup to Wang Maide he said, "What you foretold has come true in a single season. Not one stroke of your planning was wasted. This toast is yours and no one else's!" He made Maide Director of the Masters of Writing for Punishments and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Heyang.
84
龍驤將軍王敬先戍曹公壘，齡石往從之。 朱超石至蒲阪，聞齡石所在，亦往從之。 赫連昌攻敬先壘，斷其水道。 眾渴，不能戰，城且陷。 齡石謂超石曰：「弟兄俱死異城，使老親何以為心！ 爾求間道亡歸，我死此，無恨矣。」 超石持兄泣曰：「人誰不死，寧忍今日辭兄去乎！」 遂與敬先及右軍參軍劉欽之皆被執，送長安，勃勃殺之； 欽之弟秀之悲泣不歡燕者十年。 欽之，穆之之從兄子也。
Flying-Dragon General Wang Jingxian held Duke Cao's Fortress, and Lingshi went to join him there. Zhu Chaoshi reached Puban, learned where Lingshi was, and went to join him. Helian Chang besieged Jingxian's fort and cut off its water. The garrison thirsted, could no longer fight, and the fort was near collapse. Lingshi told Chaoshi, "If both brothers die in different cities, what will become of our old parents! Find a way out and go home. I will die here without regret." Chaoshi seized his brother's arm and wept, "All men must die. How could I leave you today!" In the end Jingxian, Adjutant of the Right Army Liu Qinzhi, and the rest were taken, sent to Chang'an, and put to death by Bobo; Qinzhi's younger brother Xiuzhi mourned so deeply that for ten years he could find no pleasure even at a feast. Qinzhi was the son of Muzhi's elder cousin.
85
宋公裕聞青泥敗，未知義真存亡，怒甚，刻日北伐，侍中謝晦諫以「士卒疲弊，請俟它年」，不從。 鄭鮮之上表，以為：「虜聞殿下親征，必並力守潼關。 徑往攻之，恐未易可克； 若輿駕頓洛，則不足上勞聖躬。 且虜雖得志，不敢乘勝過關陝者，猶懾服大威，為將來之慮故也。 若造洛而返，虜必更有揣量之心，或益生邊患。 況大軍遠出，後患甚多。 昔歲西征，劉鐘狼狽； 去年北討，廣州傾覆； 既往之效，後來之鑒也。 今諸州大水，民食寡乏，三吳群盜攻沒諸縣，皆由困於征役故也。 江南士庶，引領顒顒以望殿下之返旆，聞更北出，不測淺深之謀，往還之期，臣恐返顧之憂更在腹心也。 若慮西虜更為河、洛之患者，宜結好北虜； 北虜親則河南安，河南安則濟、泗靜矣。」 會得段宏啟，知義真得免，裕乃止，但登城北望，慨然流涕而已。 降義真為建威將軍、司州刺史； 以段宏為宋台黃門郎、領太子右衛率。 裕以天水太守毛德祖為河東太守，代劉遵考守蒲阪。
When Duke Yu of Song heard of the defeat at Qingni and did not know whether Yizhen still lived, he was furious and fixed a day for a northern expedition. Palace Attendant Xie Hui urged that the troops were worn out and asked him to wait another year, but Yu would not listen. Zheng Xianzhi submitted a memorial stating, "When the barbarians hear that Your Highness will take the field in person, they will surely concentrate all their forces to hold Tong Pass. A direct assault may not be easy to succeed. If the imperial retinue halts at Luoyang, it would hardly be worth troubling Your Majesty to make the journey. Though the enemy has won their objective, they dare not follow up their victory and cross into the passes of Shan because they still stand in awe of our might and are thinking of what may come next. If we reach Luoyang only to turn back, the enemy will read that as hesitation and border troubles may grow worse. And when a large army campaigns far from home, the after-effects are seldom small. Last year's western campaign ended with Liu Zhong in disarray; The northern expedition the year before brought catastrophe to Guang Province; Past results are a lesson for the future. Floods have struck many provinces, food is scarce, and bandits in the Three Wu region are overrunning county after county—all because the people are worn down by levies and conscription. The people south of the Yangzi are straining to see Your Highness return; if they learn you mean to march north again, not knowing how deep the plan goes or when you will come back, I fear the danger you leave behind at home may prove worse than any on the frontier. If you fear further trouble in the He-Luo region from the Western foe, you should seek an alliance with the Northern barbarians; With the northerners bound to us in friendship, the lands south of the Yellow River will be secure—and once Henan is secure, Ji and Si will be quiet." Then a report from Duan Hong arrived confirming that Yizhen had escaped alive. Yu called off the campaign and merely climbed the city wall to gaze northward, weeping in grief. Yizhen was demoted to General Establishing Might and made Inspector of Si Province; Duan Hong was appointed Yellow Gate Gentleman of the Song court and put in charge of the Crown Prince's Right Guard. Yu appointed Mao Dezu, Administrator of Tianshui, as Administrator of Hedong to replace Liu Zunkao in holding Puban.
86
夏王勃勃築壇於灞上，即皇帝位，改元昌武。 西秦王熾磐東巡； 十二月，徙上邽民五千餘戶於枹罕。
Xia King Bobo built an altar at Bashang, took the imperial throne, and proclaimed the era name Changwu. Western Qin King Qifu Chipan made an eastern tour; In the twelfth month he relocated more than five thousand households from Shanggui to Fuhan.
87
彗星出天津，入太微，經北斗，絡紫微，八十餘日而滅。 魏主嗣復召諸儒、術土問之曰：「今四海分裂，災咎之應，果在何國？ 騰甚畏之。 卿輩盡言，勿有所隱！」 眾推崔浩使對，浩曰：「夫災異之興，皆像人事，人苟無釁，又何畏焉？ 昔王莽將篡漢，彗星出入，正與今同。 國家主尊臣卑，民無異望，晉室陵夷，危亡不遠； 彗之為異，其劉裕將篡之應乎！」 眾無以易其言。
A comet appeared at Tianjin, entered Taiwei, passed through the Northern Dipper, linked with Ziwei, and disappeared after more than eighty days. Wei ruler Si again summoned the Confucian scholars and occult specialists and asked, "The realm is now split in four—where do these calamitous signs truly fall? Its soaring course inspires great fear. Speak freely, and hide nothing!" The group put forward Cui Hao to reply. Hao said, "Strange portents arise because they reflect human affairs. If people are without guilt, what is there to fear? When Wang Mang was about to usurp the Han throne, a comet moved in and out in exactly the same way as now. In our state the ruler is honored and ministers are humble, the people have no other hopes, and the Jin house is sinking toward ruin; Is this comet not the sign that Liu Yu is about to usurp the throne!" No one could dispute what he said.
88
宋公裕以讖云「昌明之後尚有二帝」，乃使中書侍郎王韶之與帝左右密謀鴆帝而立琅邪王德文。 德文常在帝左右，飲食寢處，未嘗暫離； 韶之伺之經時，不得間。 會德文有疾，出居於外。 戊寅，韶之以散衣縊帝於東堂。 韶之，廙之曾孫也。 裕因稱遺詔，奉德文即皇帝位，大赦。
Because a prophecy read "After Changming there are still two emperors," Duke Yu of Song had Palace Secretariat Attendant Wang Shaozhi secretly conspire with the emperor's attendants to poison the emperor and install Langye Wang Dewen. Dewen was always at the emperor's side for meals and sleep and never left him for a moment; Shaozhi watched for a long time but never found an opportunity. When Dewen fell ill and moved out to convalesce elsewhere, On day wuyin, Shaozhi strangled the emperor in the Eastern Hall with a loose garment. Shaozhi was a great-grandson of Yi. Yu then claimed a deathbed edict, enthroned Dewen as emperor, and proclaimed a general amnesty.
89
是歲，河西王蒙遜奉表稱籓，拜涼州刺史。
That year, Hexi King Mengsun submitted a memorial acknowledging vassal status and was appointed Governor of Liang Province.
90
尚書右僕射袁湛卒。
Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Yuan Zhan died.
91
恭皇帝
Emperor Gong
92
安皇帝癸元熙元年（ 己未，公元四一九年）
In the first year of Yuanxi during the reign of Emperor An ( jiwei, corresponding to CE 419)
93
春，正月，壬辰朔，改元。
In spring, the first month, on renchen the first day of the month, the era name was changed.
94
立琅邪王紀褚氏為皇后； 後，裒之曾孫也。
Lady Ji Chu of Langye was made empress; The empress was a great-granddaughter of Bao.
95
魏主嗣畋於犢渚。
Wei ruler Si went hunting at Duzhu.
96
甲午，征宋公裕入朝，進爵為王。 裕辭。
On day jiawu, Duke Yu of Song was summoned to court and promoted to princely rank. Yu declined.
97
癸卯，魏主嗣還平城。
On day guimao, Wei ruler Si returned to Pingcheng.
98
庚申，葬安皇帝於休平陵。
On day gengshen, Emperor An was buried at Xiuping Mausoleum.
99
敕劉道憐司空出鎮京口。
An edict ordered Liu Daolian, Minister of Works, to leave the capital and garrison Jingkou.
100
夏將叱奴侯提帥步騎二萬攻毛德祖於蒲阪，德祖不能御，全軍歸彭城。 二月，宋公裕以德祖為滎陽太守，戍虎牢。
Xia General Chinu Houti led twenty thousand foot and horse soldiers against Mao Dezu at Puban. Dezu could not hold and withdrew his entire force to Pengcheng. In the second month, Duke Yu of Song appointed Dezu Administrator of Xingyang and posted him to garrison Hulao.
101
夏主勃勃征隱土京兆韋祖思。 祖思既至，恭懼過甚，勃勃怒曰：「我以國士征汝，汝乃以非類遇我，汝昔不拜姚興，今何獨拜我？ 我在，汝猶不以我為帝王； 我死，汝曹弄筆，當置我於何地邪！ 遂殺之。
Xia Emperor Bobo summoned the recluse Wei Zusi of Jingzhao. When Zusi arrived, his excessive deference and fear enraged Bobo, who said, "I summoned you as a man of the realm, yet you treat me as something other! You would not bow to Yao Xing before—why do you bow to me alone now? While I am alive, you still do not treat me as an emperor; After I die, you scribblers with your brushes—where will you put me then! He then had him killed.
102
群臣請都長安，勃勃曰：「朕豈不知長安歷世帝王之都，沃饒險固！ 然晉人僻遠，終不能為吾患。 魏與我風俗略同，土壤鄰接，自統萬距魏境裁百餘里，朕在長安，統萬必危； 若在統萬，魏必不敢濟河而西。 諸卿適未見此耳。」 皆曰：「非所及也。」 乃於長安置南台，以赫連瑰領大將軍、雍州牧、錄南台尚書事； 勃勃還統萬，大赦，改元真興。
The ministers asked that the capital be moved to Chang'an. Bobo said, "Do I not know that Chang'an has been the seat of emperors through the ages, fertile and strongly fortified! But the Jin people are distant and remote—they can never truly threaten me. Wei and I are close in custom and our territories adjoin; from Tongwan to the Wei border is barely a hundred li more—if I stay in Chang'an, Tongwan will be in peril; If I remain at Tongwan, Wei will not dare cross the river and march west. You simply have not seen this." All said, "That is beyond us." He then set up the Southern Platform at Chang'an, appointing Helian Gui Grand General, Governor of Yong Province, and recorder of Southern Platform secretariat affairs; Bobo returned to Tongwan, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era name to Zhenxing.
103
勃勃性驕虐，視民如草芥。 常居城上，置弓劍於側，有所嫌忿，手自殺之。 群臣迕視者鑿其目，笑者決其脣，諫者先截其舌而後斬之。
Bobo was by nature arrogant and brutal, treating the people like weeds. He often lived atop the city wall with bow and sword at hand, and whenever he took offense he killed the person himself. Ministers who looked at him the wrong way had their eyes gouged out; those who laughed had their lips slit; those who remonstrated had their tongues cut out first and were then beheaded.
104
初，司馬楚之奉其父榮期之喪歸建康，會宋公裕誅剪宗室之有才望者，楚之叔父宣期、兄貞之皆死，楚之亡匿竟陵蠻中。 及從祖休之自江陵奔秦，楚之亡之汝、穎間，聚眾以謀復仇。 楚之少有英氣，能折節下士，有眾萬餘，屯據長社。 裕使刺客沐謙往刺之，楚之待謙甚厚。 謙欲發，未得間，乃夜稱疾，知楚之必往問疾，因欲刺之。 楚之果自繼湯藥往視疾，情意勤篤，謙不忍發，乃出匕首於席下，以狀告之曰：「將軍深為劉裕所忌，願勿輕率以自保全。」 遂委身事之，為之防衛。
Earlier, Sima Chuzhi was escorting his father Rongqi's coffin back to Jiankang when Duke Yu of Song began killing talented and prominent members of the imperial house. Chuzhi's uncle Xuanqi and elder brother Zhenzhi both died, and Chuzhi fled into hiding among the Man tribes of Jingling. When his kinsman Xiuzhi fled from Jiangling to Qin, Chuzhi made for the Ru-Ying region, gathered followers, and plotted revenge. Chuzhi had been spirited from youth, knew how to defer to men of talent, commanded more than ten thousand followers, and held Changshe. Yu sent the assassin Mu Qian to kill him, but Chuzhi treated Qian with great kindness. Qian meant to strike but found no chance. That night he pretended to be ill, knowing Chuzhi would come to visit him, and planned to kill him then. Chuzhi indeed came in person with medicine and nursed him with devoted care. Qian could not bring himself to strike. He drew the dagger from beneath the mat, confessed the plot, and said, "The General is deeply feared by Liu Yu—please do not act rashly and risk your life." He then entered Chuzhi's service and became his bodyguard.
105
王鎮惡之死也，沈田子殺其兄弟七人，唯弟康得免，逃就宋公裕於彭城，裕以為相國行參軍。 康求還洛陽視母； 會長安不守，康糾合關中徙民，得百許人，驅帥僑戶七百餘家，共保金墉城。 時宗室多逃亡在河南，有司馬文榮者，帥乞活千餘戶屯金墉城南； 又有司馬道恭，自東垣帥三千人屯城西，司馬順明帥五千人屯陵雲台，司馬楚之屯柏谷塢。 魏河內鎮將於栗磾游騎在芒山上，攻逼交至，康堅守六旬。 裕以康為河東太守，遣兵救之，平等皆散走。 康勸課農桑，百姓甚親賴之。
When Wang Zhen'e died, Shen Tianzi killed seven of his brothers. Only the younger brother Kang escaped, fled to Duke Yu of Song at Pengcheng, and was made Acting Secretary to the Chancellor. Kang asked to return to Luoyang to see his mother; When Chang'an fell, Kang gathered displaced people from Guanzhong, mustered about a hundred men, and led more than seven hundred migrant households in holding Jincheng together. Many members of the imperial clan had fled into Henan at the time. Sima Wenrong led more than a thousand Qihuo households and encamped south of Jincheng; Sima Daogong came from Dongyuan with three thousand men and encamped west of the city; Sima Shunming led five thousand men at Lingyun Terrace; Sima Chuzhi held Baigu Stockade. Yu Libo, the Wei garrison commander of Henei, sent roaming cavalry onto Mount Mang. Attacks came in waves, and Kang held out for sixty days. Yu appointed Kang Administrator of Hedong and sent troops to relieve him; Ping and the others all broke and fled. Kang encouraged farming and sericulture, and the people came to trust and depend on him.
106
司馬順明、司馬道恭及平陽太守薛辯皆降於魏，魏以辯為河東太守以拒夏人。
Sima Shunming, Sima Daogong, and Pingyang Administrator Xue Bian all surrendered to Wei. Wei appointed Bian Administrator of Hedong to hold the Xia forces at bay.
107
夏，四月，秦征西將軍孔子帥騎五千討吐谷渾覓地於弱水南，大破之，覓地帥其眾六千降於夏，拜弱水護軍。
In summer, the fourth month, Western Qin Western Campaigning General Kongzi led five thousand cavalry against Tuyuhun's Midi south of the Ruoshui, routed him, and Midi led six thousand followers in surrender to Xia, where he was made Protector-General of Ruoshui.
108
庚辰，魏主嗣有事於東廟，助祭者數百國； 辛巳，南巡至雁門。
On day gengchen, Wei ruler Si performed rites at the Eastern Temple, with hundreds of states sending envoys to assist in the sacrifice; On day xinsi, he toured south as far as Yanmen.
109
五月，庚寅朔，魏主嗣觀漁於灅水。 己亥，還平城。
In the fifth month, on gengyin the first day of the month, Wei ruler Si watched fishing on the Lei River. On day jihai, he returned to Pingcheng.
110
涼公歆用刑過嚴，又好治宮室。 從事中郎張顯上疏，以為：「涼土三分，勢不支久。 兼併之本，在於務農； 懷遠之略，莫如寬簡。 今入歲已來，陰陽失序，風雨乖和； 是宜減膳撤懸，側身修道，而更繁刑峻法，繕築不止，殆非所以致興隆也。 昔文王以百里而興，二世以四海而滅，前車之軌，得失昭然。 太祖以神聖之姿，為西夏所推，左取酒泉，右開西域。 殿下不能奉承遺志，混壹涼土，侔蹤張後，將何以下見先王乎！ 沮渠蒙遜，胡夷之傑，內修政事，外禮英賢，攻戰之際，身先士卒，百姓懷之，樂為之用。 臣謂殿下非但不能平殄蒙遜，亦懼蒙遜方為社稷之憂。」 歆覽之，不悅。
Duke of Liang Xin punished too harshly and also loved to build palaces. Attendant Gentleman Zhang Xian submitted a memorial saying, "The Liang lands are divided three ways and cannot long endure. The basis of conquest lies in putting agriculture first; The best policy for winning distant peoples is leniency and simplicity. Since the year began, yin and yang have fallen out of order and wind and rain have been unseasonable; This is the time to eat sparingly, remove music, and reform yourself in humility—yet you impose harsher punishments and never stop building. That is hardly the way to secure prosperity. King Wen rose from a domain of a hundred li, while the Second Emperor lost the realm though he held the four seas—the overturned cart ahead shows plainly what succeeds and what fails. The Grand Progenitor, in his sacred majesty, was raised up by Western Xia; he seized Jiuquan and opened the Western Regions. Your Highness has not carried on his legacy, unified the Liang domain, or matched the achievements of Zhang Hou—how will you face the former king in the afterlife! Juqu Mengsun, a leader among the Hu and Yi, governs well at home and honors worthy men abroad; in battle he leads from the front, and the people esteem him and serve him willingly. I fear Your Highness will not only fail to pacify and destroy Mengsun, but that Mengsun will become a grave threat to the state itself." Xin read it and was displeased.
111
主簿汜稱上疏諫曰：「天之子愛人主，殷勤至矣； 故政之不修，下災異以戒告之，改者雖危必昌，不改者雖安必亡。 元年三月癸卯，敦煌謙德堂陷； 八月，效穀地裂； 二年元日，昏霧四塞； 四月，日赤無光，二旬乃復； 十一月，狐上南門； 今茲春、夏，地頻五震； 六月，隕星於建康。 臣雖學不稽古，行年五十有九，請為殿下略言耳目之所聞見，不復能遠論書傳之事也。 乃者鹹安之初，西平地裂，狐入謙光殿前； 俄而秦師奄至，都城不守。 梁熙既為涼州，不撫百姓，專為聚斂，建元十九年，姑臧南門崩，隕石於閒豫堂； 明年為呂光所殺。 段業稱制此方，三年之中，地震五十餘所； 既而先王龍興於瓜州，蒙遜篡弒於張掖。 此皆目前之成事，殿下所明知也。 效穀，先王鴻漸之地； 謙德，即尊之室； 基陷地裂，大凶之征也。 日者，太陽之精，中國之象； 赤而無光，中國將衰。 諺曰：『野獸入家，主人將去。』 狐上南門，亦變異之大者也。 今蠻夷益盛，中國益微。 願殿下亟罷宮室之役，止游畋之娛，延禮英俊，愛養百姓，以應天變，防未然。」 歆不從。
Chief Clerk Si Cheng submitted a memorial of remonstrance: "The Son of Heaven loves the sovereign with the utmost solicitude; so when governance is neglected, Heaven sends disasters and omens as warnings—those who reform, though endangered, will flourish; those who do not, though secure, will perish. In year one, third month, on day guimao, the Humble Virtue Hall at Dunhuang collapsed; in the eighth month, the earth split open at Xiaogu; on New Year's Day of the second year, murky fog sealed the land on every side; in the fourth month, the sun turned blood-red and dimmed, and did not recover for twenty days; in the eleventh month, a fox scaled the southern gate; this spring and summer, the earth shook five times; in the sixth month, a meteor fell at Jiankang. Though my learning does not reach deep into antiquity, I am fifty-nine years old, and I would speak briefly to Your Highness of what I have witnessed with my own eyes and ears—I cannot discourse on what lies distant in books and chronicles. Not long ago, at the start of the Xian'an era, the earth split open at Xiping and a fox entered the forecourt of the Humble Radiance Hall; Before long Qin armies swept in, and the capital fell. Once Liang Xi took Liang Province, he neglected the people and devoted himself only to extraction; in the nineteenth year of Jianyuan, Guzang's southern gate collapsed and a meteorite struck the Leisure and Ease Hall; The following year Lü Guang killed him. When Duan Ye claimed rule over this region, more than fifty earthquakes struck within three years; Then the former king rose to power at Guazhou, and Mengsun seized the throne by murder at Zhangye. These are recent events that Your Highness knows full well. Xiaogu is where the former king first began his rise; Humble Virtue is Your Highness's own hall of honor; Collapsed foundations and riven earth are grave omens of calamity. The sun is the essence of the Great Yang, the symbol of the civilized center; Blood-red and dim—the civilized realm will wane. As the proverb says: "When wild beasts enter the house, the master is about to leave." A fox scaling the southern gate is among the gravest of portents. Barbarian power grows while the civilized realm weakens. I urge Your Highness to halt palace construction at once, abandon the pleasures of the hunt, honor men of talent, cherish the people, respond to Heaven's warnings, and forestall disaster before it comes." Xin refused to listen.
112
秋，七月，宋公裕始受進爵之命。 八月，移鎮壽陽，以度支尚書劉懷慎為督淮北諸軍事、徐州刺史，鎮彭城。
In autumn, the seventh month, Duke Yu of Song first received orders promoting his rank. In the eighth month he moved his headquarters to Shouyang and appointed Revenue Minister Liu Huaishen to oversee all military affairs north of the Huai and serve as Inspector of Xuzhou, stationed at Pengcheng.
113
辛未，魏主嗣東巡； 甲申，還平城。
On day xinwei, Wei ruler Si toured the east; On day jiashen, he returned to Pingcheng.
114
九月，宋王裕自解揚州牧。
In the ninth month, Prince Yu of Song relinquished his post as Governor of Yang Province.
115
秦左衛將軍匹達等將兵討彭利和於漒川，大破之，利和單騎奔仇池； 獲其妻子，徙羌豪三千戶於枹罕，漒川羌三萬餘戶皆安堵如故。 冬，十月，以尚書右僕射王松壽為益州刺史，鎮漒川。
Qin Left Guard General Pi Da and others marched against Peng Lihe at Qiangchuan, defeated him utterly, and Lihe fled alone on horseback to Chouchi; They captured his wife and children, relocated three thousand leading Qiang households to Baohan, and the more than thirty thousand Qiang households of Qiangchuan resumed their lives undisturbed. In winter, the tenth month, Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Wang Songsou was appointed Inspector of Yizhou and stationed at Qiangchuan.
116
宋王裕以河南蕭條，乙酉，徙司州刺史義真為揚州刺史，鎮石頭，蕭太紀謂裕曰：「道憐汝布衣兄弟，宜用為揚州。」 裕曰：「寄奴於道憐，豈有所惜！ 揚州根本所寄，事務至多，非道憐所了。」 太妃曰：「道憐年出五十，豈不如汝十歲兒邪？」 裕曰：「義真雖為刺史，事無大小，悉由寄奴。 道憐年長，不親其事，於聽望不足。」 太妃乃無言。 道憐性愚鄙而貪縱，故裕不肯用。
Because Henan lay wasted, Prince Yu of Song on day yiyou transferred Yizhen, Inspector of Sizhou, to Inspector of Yang Province at Shitou. Consort Dowager Xiao said to Yu, "Daolian is the brother who shared your humble days—you ought to give him Yang Province." Yu replied, "Would Jinu begrudge Daolian anything! Yang Province is the foundation of our power; its affairs are far too numerous for Daolian to manage." The Consort Dowager pressed, "Daolian is past fifty—is he truly less capable than your ten-year-old son?" Yu answered, "Though Yizhen holds the title of inspector, every matter, great or small, rests with Jinu. Daolian is older and would not attend to affairs himself—it would harm our standing in the eyes of the court." The Consort Dowager fell silent. Daolian was coarse, foolish, greedy, and unrestrained—so Yu would not appoint him.
117
十一月，丁亥朔，日有食之。
In the eleventh month, on the first day dinghai, a solar eclipse occurred.
118
十二月，癸亥，魏主嗣西巡至雲中，從君子津西渡河，大獵於薛林山。
In the twelfth month, on day guihai, Wei ruler Si toured west to Yunzhong, crossed the Yellow River west of Junzi Ford, and hunted extensively on Mt. Xuelin.
119
辛卯，宋王裕加殊禮，進王太妃為太后，世子為太子。」」」
On day xinmao, Prince Yu of Song was granted extraordinary honors: his consort dowager was elevated to empress dowager, and his heir was named crown prince.”””