1
資治通鑑第121卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 121.
2
【宋紀三】起著雍執徐，盡上章敦牂，凡三年。
[Song Annals 3] From Zhuanyong Zhixu through Shangzhang Dunxiang—three years in all.
3
太祖文皇帝上之中元嘉五年（ 戊辰，公元四二八年）
Fifth year of Yuanjia under the first reign of Emperor Wen of Song ( the year wuchen, 428 CE)
4
春，正月，辛未，魏京兆王黎卒。
In spring, the first month, on the day xinwei, Li, Prince of Jingzhao of Northern Wei, died.
5
荊州刺史、彭城王義康，性聰察，在州職事修治。 左光祿大夫范泰謂司徒王弘曰：「天下事重，權重難居。 卿兄弟盛滿，當深存降挹。 彭城王，帝之次弟，宜征還入朝，共參朝政。」 弘納其言。 時大旱，疾疫，弘上表引咎遜位，帝不許。
Liu Yikang, Prince of Pengcheng and governor of Jing Province, was sharp-witted and perceptive, and ran provincial affairs effectively. Fan Tai, Left Grandee of Splendid Happiness, said to Wang Hong, Minister-over-the-Masses: "The weight of the empire's business makes great power hard to bear. Your house is at the height of its eminence; you must keep a deep measure of humility. The Prince of Pengcheng is the emperor's next younger brother; summon him to court to share in government." Wang Hong took his advice. A severe drought and epidemic were raging; Hong memorialized the throne, accepting blame and offering to step down, but the emperor refused.
6
秦商州刺史領澆河太守姚浚叛，降河西，秦王熾磐以尚書焦嵩代浚，帥騎三千討之。 二月，嵩為吐谷渾元緒所執。
Yao Jun, Qin governor of Shang Province who also held Jiaohe commandery, rebelled and went over to Hexi; King Chiqu of Western Qin sent Jiao Song as his replacement and marched three thousand horse against him. In the second month Tuyuhun's Murong Yuanxu captured Song.
7
魏改元神䴥。
Northern Wei adopted the new era name Shengui.
8
魏平北將軍尉眷攻夏主於上邽，夏主退屯平涼。 奚斤進軍安定，與丘堆、娥清軍合。 斤馬多疫死，士卒乏糧，乃深壘自固。 遣丘堆督租於民間，士卒暴掠，不設儆備。 夏主襲之，堆兵敗，以數百騎還城。 夏主乘勝，日來城下鈔掠，不得芻牧，諸將患之。 監軍侍御史安頡曰：「受詔滅賊，今更為賊所困，退守窮城，若不為賊殺，當坐法誅，進退皆無生理。 而諸王公晏然曾不為計乎？」 斤曰：「今軍士無馬，以步擊騎，必無勝理，當須京師救騎至，合擊之。」 頡曰：「今猛寇游逸於外，吾兵疲食盡，不一決戰，則殆在旦夕，救騎何可待乎！ 等於就死，死戰，不亦可乎！」 斤又以馬少為辭。 頡曰：「今斂諸將所乘馬，可得二百匹，頡請募敢死之士出擊之，就不能破敵，亦可以折其銳。 且赫連昌狷而無謀，好勇而輕，每自出挑戰，眾皆識之。 若伏兵掩擊，昌可擒也。」 斤猶難之。 頡乃陰與尉眷等謀，選騎待之。 既而夏主來攻城，頡出應之。 夏主自出陳前搏戰，軍士識其貌，爭赴之。 會天大風，揚塵，晝昏，夏主財走，頡追之，夏主馬蹶而墜，遂擒之。
Yu Juan, Northern Wei's General Who Pacifies the North, attacked the Xia ruler at Shanggui; the Xia ruler fell back to Pingliang. Xi Jin marched on Anding and united with the forces of Qiu Dui and E Qing. Plague killed many of Jin's horses and his men ran short of grain; he dug in behind deep fortifications. He sent Qiu Dui to collect grain from the countryside; the troops looted at will and kept no watch. The Xia ruler struck; Dui's force was routed, and he fled back to the city with only a few hundred riders. The Xia ruler followed up, raiding under the walls day after day so that neither fodder nor grazing was possible; the Wei generals were deeply worried. Supervising Army Attendant Censor An Gui said: "We were ordered to destroy the enemy, yet now the enemy has us trapped in this doomed town. If they do not kill us, the law will—advance or retreat, there is no way out alive. Yet you lords sit at ease as though none of this concerned you?" Jin replied: "Our men have no horses; foot soldiers cannot beat cavalry. We must wait for relief horse from the capital and attack together." Gui said: "The enemy roams at will while we are spent and starving. Without a decisive battle we perish within days—how can we wait for reinforcements? Waiting is death anyway—why not die in battle?" Jin again objected that they had too few horses. Gui said: "Collect every general's mount and we can muster two hundred horses. Let me raise a suicide squad and strike. Even if we do not rout them, we can blunt their momentum. Moreover Helian Chang is headstrong and unwise, bold but reckless; he comes out to challenge us in person every time, and every man knows his face. With an ambush we can take Chang alive." Jin still held back. Gui secretly coordinated with Yu Juan and the others, picked their riders, and lay in wait. When the Xia ruler came to assault the walls, Gui rode out to meet him. The Xia ruler fought in the front rank himself; the Wei soldiers knew his face and surged toward him. A fierce wind whipped up dust until broad day turned dark; the Xia ruler had barely fled when Gui overtook him; his horse stumbled and threw him, and he was taken.
9
夏大將軍、領司徒、平原王定收其餘眾數萬，奔還平涼，即皇帝位，大赦，改元勝光。
Helian Ding, Xia's great general and Prince of Pingyuan, rallied tens of thousands of survivors and fled to Pingliang, where he proclaimed himself emperor, granted a general amnesty, and adopted the era name Shengguang.
10
三月，辛巳，赫連昌至平城，魏主館之於西宮，門內器用皆給乘輿之副，又以妹始平公主妻之； 假常忠將軍，賜爵會稽公。 以安頡為建節將軍，賜爵西平公； 尉眷為寧北將軍，進爵漁陽公。
In the third month, on the day xinsi, Helian Chang reached Pingcheng; the Wei emperor housed him in the Western Palace with furnishings matching the imperial standard and married him to his sister, Princess Shiping; he was named acting General of Constant Loyalty and created Duke of Kuaiji. An Gui was appointed General Who Establishes Authority and created Duke of Xiping; Yu Juan was named General Who Pacifies the North and advanced to Duke of Yuyang.
11
魏主常使赫連昌侍從左右，與之單騎共逐鹿，深入山澗。 昌素有勇名，諸將威以為不可。 魏主曰：「天命有在，亦何所懼！」 親遇如初。
The Wei emperor often kept Helian Chang at his side, riding out alone with him to hunt deer far into the hills. Chang was famous for his courage; the generals all protested that this was too dangerous. The Wei emperor said: "Heaven's mandate rests with me—what is there to fear?" He treated him with the same personal favor as before.
12
奚斤自以為元帥，而昌為偏裨所擒，深恥之。 乃捨輜重，繼三日糧，追夏主於平涼。 娥清欲循水而往，斤不從，自北道邀其走路。 至馬髦嶺，夏軍將遁，會魏小將有罪亡歸於夏，告以魏軍食少無水。 夏主乃分兵邀斤，前後夾擊之，魏兵大潰，斤及娥清、劉拔皆為夏所擒，士卒死者六七千人。
Xi Jin was supreme commander, yet a junior officer had captured Chang; the shame cut deep. He left the baggage train behind, carried only three days' rations, and pursued the Xia ruler toward Pingliang. E Qing wanted to advance along the river, but Jin refused and took the northern route to cut off the Xia ruler's retreat. At Mamiao Ridge the Xia army was on the verge of escape when a minor Wei officer who had defected to Xia for a crime reported that the Wei force was short of food and water. The Xia ruler split his force to ambush Jin and struck from both sides; the Wei army collapsed. Jin, E Qing, and Liu Ba were all taken, and six or seven thousand men were killed.
13
丘堆守輜重在安定，聞斤敗，棄輜重奔長安，與高涼王禮偕奔薄阪，夏人復取長安。 魏主大怒，命安頡斬丘堆，代將其眾，鎮薄阪以拒之。
Qiu Dui was guarding the baggage at Anding; when he heard of Jin's defeat he abandoned it and fled to Chang'an, then fled with Prince Li of Gaoliang to Bofan; Xia recovered Chang'an. The Wei emperor was furious; he ordered An Gui to execute Qiu Dui, assume his command, and hold Bofan against the enemy.
14
夏，四月，夏主遣使請和於魏，魏主以詔諭之使降。
In summer, the fourth month, the Xia ruler sent envoys to sue for peace; the Wei emperor replied with an edict demanding his surrender.
15
壬子，魏主西巡。 戊午，畋於河西。 大赦。
On the day renzi the Wei emperor made a western tour. On the day wuwu he hunted west of the Yellow River. He proclaimed a general amnesty.
16
五月，秦文昭王熾磐卒，太子暮末即位，大赦，改元永弘。
In the fifth month King Chiqu of Western Qin died; the crown prince Mumo succeeded, granted a general amnesty, and adopted the era name Yonghong.
17
平陸令河南成粲復勸王弘遜位，弘從之，累表陳請。 帝不得已，六月，庚戌，以弘為衛將軍、開府儀同三司。
Cheng Can of Henan, magistrate of Pinglu, again urged Wang Hong to step down; Hong agreed and memorialized repeatedly to that effect. The emperor, left no choice, in the sixth month on the day gengxu named Hong General of the Guard with Bountiful Rites Equal to the Three Dukes.
18
甲寅，魏主如長川。
On the day jiayin the Wei emperor went to Changchuan.
19
葬秦文昭王於武平陵，廟號太祖。 秦王暮末以右丞相元基為侍中、相國、都督中外諸軍、錄尚書事，以鎮軍大將軍、河州牧謙屯為驃騎大將軍，征安北將軍、涼州刺史段暉為輔國大將軍、御史大夫，叔父右禁將軍千年為鎮北將軍、涼州牧，鎮湟河，以征北將軍木弈干為尚書令、車騎大將軍，以征南將軍吉毘為尚書僕射、衛大將軍。
The late king was buried at Wuping Mausoleum with the temple name Taizu. King Mumo appointed Yuanji, his right chancellor, Palace Attendant, Chancellor of State, supreme commander, and chief of the secretariat; Qiantun became General of Agile Cavalry; Duan Hui, governor of Liang, became General Who Assists the State and Grand Censor; his uncle Qiannian became General Who Guards the North and governor of Liang, stationed at Huanghe; Muyigan became Minister of State and General of Chariots and Cavalry; and Jipi became Vice Minister and General of the Guard.
20
河西王蒙遜因秦喪，伐秦西平。 西平太守麴承謂之曰：「殿下若先取樂都，則西平必為殿下之有。 西平苟望風請服，亦明主之所疾也。」 蒙遜乃釋西平，攻樂都。 相國元基帥騎三千救樂都，甫入城，而河西兵至，攻其外城，克之； 絕其水道，城中飢渴，死者太半。 東羌乞提從元基救樂都，陰與河西通謀，下繩引內其兵，登城者百餘人，鼓噪燒門； 元基帥左右奮擊，河西兵乃退。
Mengxun, king of Hexi, exploited Western Qin's mourning to attack Xiping. Qu Cheng, administrator of Xiping, told him: "If you take Ledu first, Xiping will fall into your hands. A city that surrenders at mere rumor is not worth a wise ruler's pride." Mengxun left Xiping and marched on Ledu. Chancellor Yuanji rode three thousand horse to relieve Ledu; he had barely entered when Hexi troops arrived, stormed the outer city, and took it; they cut the water supply; famine and thirst killed more than half the garrison. Qiti of the Eastern Qiang, who had marched with Yuanji, secretly colluded with Hexi, lowered ropes to admit their troops, and more than a hundred scaled the walls, shouting and setting fire to the gates; Yuanji led his household guard in a fierce counterattack and drove the Hexi troops back.
21
初，文昭王疾病，謂暮末曰：「吾死之後，汝能保境則善矣。 沮渠成都為蒙遜所親重，汝宜歸之。」 至是，暮末遣使詣蒙遜，許歸成都以求和。 蒙遜引兵還，遣使入秦弔祭。 暮末厚資送成都，遣將軍王伐送之。 蒙遜猶疑之，使恢武將軍沮渠奇珍伏兵於捫天嶺，執伐並其騎士三百人以歸。 既而遣尚書郎王杼送伐還秦，並遺暮末馬千匹及錦罽銀繒。 秋，七月，暮末遣記室郎中馬艾如河西報聘。
When the late king lay ill he told Mumo: "After I am gone, merely holding our borders will be achievement enough. Juqu Chengdu is favored by Mengxun; you should submit to him." Mumo now sent envoys to Mengxun, offering to return Chengdu in exchange for peace. Mengxun withdrew and sent envoys to Qin to offer condolences. Mumo sent Chengdu back with rich gifts and dispatched General Wang Fa as escort. Still suspicious, Mengxun had Juqu Qizhen, General Who Restores Martial Glory, ambush them at Mentian Ridge, seized Wang Fa and his three hundred riders, and brought them in. He then sent Master of Writing Wang Zhu to return Fa to Qin and presented Mumo with a thousand horses, brocades, felts, silver, and silks. In autumn, the seventh month, Mumo sent Ma Ai to Hexi on a return embassy.
22
魏主還宮。 八月，復如廣寧觀溫泉。
The Wei emperor returned to court. In the eighth month he again went to Guangning to visit the hot springs.
23
柔然紇升蓋可汗遣其子將萬餘騎寇魏邊。 魏主自廣寧還，追之，不及。 九月，還宮。
Heshenggai Khan of Rouran sent his son at the head of more than ten thousand horse to raid the Wei border. The Wei emperor returned from Guangning in pursuit but could not catch them. In the ninth month he returned to court.
24
冬，十月，甲辰，魏主北巡。 壬子，畋於牛川。
In winter, the tenth month, on the day jiachen, the Wei emperor made a northern tour. On the day renzi he hunted at Niuchuan.
25
秦涼州牧乞伏千年，嗜酒殘虐，不恤政事，秦王暮未遣使讓之，千年懼，奔河西。 暮末以叔父光祿大夫沃陵為涼州牧，鎮湟河。
Qifu Qiannian, Western Qin's governor of Liang, drank heavily, ruled with cruelty, and neglected affairs; Mumo sent envoys to rebuke him; terrified, Qiannian fled to Hexi. Mumo appointed his uncle Woling, Grandee of Splendid Happiness, governor of Liang and stationed him at Huanghe.
26
徐州刺史王仲德遣步騎二千伐魏濟陽、陳留。
Wang Zhongde, governor of Xu Province, sent two thousand foot and horse against Wei's Jiyang and Chenliu.
27
魏主還宮。
The Wei emperor returned to court.
28
魏定州丁零鮮于台陽第二千餘家叛，入西山，州郡不能討。 閏月，魏主遣鎮南將軍叔孫建討之。
More than two thousand Dingling households led by Xianyu Taiyangdi in Ding Province rebelled, fled into the western hills, and local authorities could not suppress them. In the intercalary month the Wei emperor sent Tushujian, General Who Guards the South, against them.
29
十一月，乙未朔，日有食之。
In the eleventh month, on the new moon of yimao, the sun was eclipsed.
30
魏主如西河校獵。 十二月，甲申，還宮。
The Wei emperor went to Xihe for a military hunt. In the twelfth month, on the day jiashen, he returned to court.
31
河西王蒙遜伐秦，至磐夷，秦相國元基等將騎萬五千拒之。 蒙遜還攻西平，征虜將軍出連輔政等將騎二千救之。
Mengxun attacked Western Qin and advanced to Panyi; Chancellor Yuanji and others met him with fifteen thousand horse. Mengxun turned on Xiping; Chilian Fuzheng, General Who Campaigns Against Barbarians, rode two thousand horse to its relief.
32
秘書監謝靈運，自以名輩才能，應參時政。 上唯接以文義，每侍宴談賞而已。 王曇首、王華、殷景仁名位素出靈運下，並見任遇，靈運意甚不平，多稱疾不朝直； 或出郭遊行，且二百里，經旬不歸，既無表聞，又不請急。 上不欲傷大臣意，諷令自解。 靈運乃上表陳疾，上賜假，令還會稽。 而靈運游飲自若，為法司所糾，坐免官。
Xie Lingyun, Director of the Secretariat, believed that by reputation, seniority, and talent he ought to share in government. The emperor received him only as a man of letters, keeping him at banquets for literary conversation and nothing more. Wang Tanzhou, Wang Hua, and Yin Jingren had always ranked below him, yet all held office and favor; Lingyun was bitter and often pleaded illness to avoid court duty; sometimes he wandered beyond the suburbs as far as two hundred li and stayed away ten days or more without memorializing the throne or requesting leave. Unwilling to wound a senior minister openly, the emperor hinted that he should resign. Lingyun memorialized his illness; the emperor granted leave and sent him back to Kuaiji. Yet Lingyun continued to drink and roam as though nothing had changed; the judicial authorities impeached him and he was dismissed.
33
是歲，師子王剎利摩訶及天竺迦毘黎王月愛，皆遣使奉表入貢，表辭皆如浮屠之言。
That year the Lion King Shalimoke and Kapili's King Chandramukha in India both sent envoys with tribute; their memorials were couched entirely in Buddhist idiom.
34
魏鎮遠將軍平舒侯燕鳳卒。
Yan Feng, Marquis of Pingshu and Wei's General Who Guards the Distance, died.
35
太祖文皇帝上之中元嘉六年（ 己巳，公元四二九年）
Sixth year of Yuanjia under the first reign of Emperor Wen of Song ( the year jisi, 429 CE)
36
春，正月，王弘上表乞解州、錄，以授彭城王義康，帝優詔不許。 癸丑，以義康為侍中、都督揚、南徐、袞三州諸軍事、司徒、錄尚書事、領南徐州刺史。 弘與義康二府並置佐領兵，共輔朝政。 弘既多疾，且欲委遠大權，每事推讓義康，由是義康專總內外之務。
In spring, the first month, Wang Hong asked to surrender his provincial and secretariat duties to the Prince of Pengcheng Yikang; the emperor graciously refused. On the day guichou Yikang was named Palace Attendant, supreme commander of Yang, Southern Xu, and Yan, Minister of State, chief of the secretariat, and governor of Southern Xu. Hong and Yikang each maintained staffs with military aides and together assisted the government. Hong was frequently ill and wished to shed heavy responsibility; he deferred to Yikang on every matter, and Yikang came to control all affairs, civil and military.
37
又以撫將軍江夏王義恭為都督荊、湘等八州諸軍事、荊州刺史，以待中劉湛為南蠻校尉，行府州事。 帝與義恭書，誡之曰：「天下艱難，家國事重，雖曰守成，實亦未易。 隆替安危，在吾曹耳，豈可不感尋王業，大懼負荷！ 汝性褊急，志之所滯，其欲必行，意所不存，從物回改。 此最弊事，宜念裁抑。 衛表遇士大夫以禮，與小人有恩； 西門、安於，矯性齊美； 關羽、張飛，任偏同弊。 行己舉事，深宜鑒此！ 若事異今日，嗣子幼蒙，司徒當周公之事，汝不可不盡祗順之理。 爾時天下安危，決汝二人耳。
He also named Liu Yigong, Prince of Jiangxia, commander of Jing, Xiang, and six other provinces and governor of Jing, and made Palace Attendant Liu Zhan Colonel of the Southern Man with charge of the princely establishment and province. The emperor wrote Yigong a letter of admonition: "The realm is in difficulty and the weight of house and state is great. Preserving what has been won sounds simple; it is not. Whether the dynasty rises or falls rests on us—how can we fail to ponder the royal enterprise and dread the burden we bear! You are narrow and impulsive: what you fix your mind on you insist on, and what does not interest you abandon at others' urging. This is your worst fault; remember it and restrain yourself. Wei Biao treated gentlemen with courtesy yet showed kindness to petty men; Ximen and An Yu bent their natures toward equal excellence; Guan Yu and Zhang Fei indulged partiality to the same ruin. In your conduct and actions take these as your mirror! Should the day come when the heir is young, the Minister of State will play the Duke of Zhou's part; you must observe every rule of reverent obedience. Then the fate of the realm will rest on you two alone.
38
「汝一月自用錢不可過三十萬，若能省此，益美。 西楚府捨，略所諳究，計當不須改作，日求新異。 凡訊獄多決當時，難可逆慮，此實為難。 至訊日，虛懷博盡，慎無以喜怒加人。 能擇善者而從之，美自歸己； 不可專意自決，以矜獨斷之明也！ 名器深宜慎惜，不可妄以假人。 暱近爵賜，尤應裁量。 吾於左右雖為少恩，如聞外論不以為非也。 以貴凌物，物不服； 以威加人，人不厭； 此易達事耳。
"Your personal spending must not exceed three hundred thousand cash a month; less would be better still. The Western Chu residence is adequate as it stands; do not rebuild it while chasing daily novelty. Trials are usually decided on the spot, which makes foresight hard—this is genuinely difficult. On the day of trial, listen with an open mind; do not let mood dictate your treatment of others. Choose the good and follow it, and the credit will be yours; do not decide everything yourself to flaunt your own judgment! Titles and insignia must be guarded carefully and not given away lightly. Grants to favorites especially require restraint. Though I am sparing with those close at hand, I hear that public opinion does not fault me for it. Bully others with rank and they will not submit; force authority on others and they will resent it; these are easy truths to grasp.
39
「聲樂嬉游，不宜令過； 蒲酒漁獵，一切勿為。 供用奉身，皆有節度，奇服異器，不宜興長。 又宜數引見佐史。 相見不數，則彼我不親； 不親，無因得盡人情； 人情不盡，復何由知眾事也！」
"Music and diversions must not be indulged to excess; gambling, heavy drinking, fishing, and hunting—forbid them all. Personal expenses must stay within bounds; do not encourage exotic dress or curios. Summon your staff clerks frequently. Without frequent meetings you and they will not be close; without closeness you cannot know men's hearts; if you do not know men's hearts, how can you know the affairs of the realm!"
40
夏酒泉公俊自平涼奔魏。
Jun, Duke of Jiuquan of Xia, fled from Pingliang to Northern Wei.
41
丁零鮮于台陽等請降於魏，魏主赦之。
Xianyu Taiyangdi of the Dingling and others surrendered to Wei and were pardoned.
42
秦出連輔政等未至西平，河西王蒙遜拔西平，執太守麴承。
Before Chilian Fuzheng and the Western Qin relief force reached Xiping, Mengxun took the city and seized Qu Cheng, its administrator.
43
二月，秦王暮末立妃梁氏為王后，子萬載為太子。
In the second month Mumo made Lady Liang his queen and his son Wanzai crown prince.
44
三月，丁巳，立丘子劭為太子。 戊午，大赦。
In the third month, on the day dingsi, his son Shao was named crown prince. On the day wuwu he proclaimed a general amnesty.
45
辛酉，以左衛將軍殷景仁為中領軍。 帝以章太后早亡； 奉太后所生蘇氏甚謹。 蘇氏卒，帝往臨哭，欲追加封爵，使群臣議之。 景仁以為古典無之，乃止。
On the day xinyou Yin Jingren, General of the Left Guard, was named Central Army Commander. Because Empress Dowager Zhang had died young, the emperor had cared devotedly for the empress dowager's birth mother, Lady Su. When Lady Su died the emperor went to mourn and wished to grant her posthumous rank; he ordered the ministers to deliberate. Jingren argued that antiquity offered no precedent, and the plan was dropped.
46
初，秦尚書隴西辛進從文昭王游陵霄觀，彈飛鳥，誤中秦王暮末之母，傷其面。 及暮末即位，問母面傷之由，母以狀告。 暮末怒，殺進，並其五族二十七人。 夏，四月，癸亥，以尚書左射王敬弘為尚書令，臨川王義慶為左僕射，吏部尚書濟陽江夷為右僕射。
Earlier Xin Jin of Longxi, a Qin minister, was shooting birds with the late king at Lingxiao Terrace and accidentally struck Mumo's mother in the face. When Mumo succeeded he asked how his mother's face had been scarred; she told him the story. Enraged, Mumo executed Jin and twenty-seven members of his five clans. In summer, the fourth month, on the day guihai, Wang Jinghong became Minister of State, the Prince of Linchuan became Left Vice Minister, and Jiang Yi of Jiyang became Right Vice Minister.
47
初，魏太祖命尚書郎鄧淵撰《國記》十餘卷，未成而止。 世祖更命崔浩與中書侍郎鄧穎等續成之，為《國書》三十卷。 穎，淵之子也。
Earlier Taizu of Wei had ordered Deng Yuan to compile more than ten juan of a National Chronicle, but the work was left unfinished. Shizu ordered Cui Hao, Deng Ying, and others to finish it, producing thirty juan of the National Book. Ying was Deng Yuan's son.
48
魏主將擊柔然，治兵於南郊，先祭天，然後部勒行陳。 內外群臣皆不欲行，保太后固止之，獨崔浩勸之。
The Wei emperor prepared to attack Rouran; he drilled troops at the southern suburb, sacrificed to Heaven, then drew up battle lines. Court and camp alike opposed the campaign; Empress Dowager Bao firmly dissuaded him; only Cui Hao urged him on.
49
尚書令劉絜等共推太史令張淵、徐辯使言於魏主曰：「今茲己巳，三陰之歲，歲星襲月，太白在西方，不可舉兵，北伐必敗。 雖克，不利於上。」 群臣因共贊之曰：「淵等少時嘗諫苻堅南伐，堅不從而敗，所言無不中，不可違也。」 魏主意不決，詔浩與淵等論難於前。
Minister Liu Jie and others had the grand astrologers Zhang Yuan and Xu Bian tell the emperor: "This jisi year is dominated by yin; Jupiter assails the moon and Venus stands in the west—do not march north or you will be defeated. Even victory would not favor Your Majesty." The ministers chimed in: "Yuan and his colleagues once warned Fu Jian against invading the south; Jian ignored them and was ruined—their predictions never miss; you must heed them." The emperor hesitated and ordered Hao to debate Yuan and the others in court.
50
浩詰淵、辯曰：「陽為德，陰為刑，故日食修德，月食修刑。 夫王者用刑，小則肆諸市朝，大則陳諸原野。 今出兵以討有罪，乃所以修刑也。 臣竊觀天文，比年以來，月行掩昴，至今猶然。 其占，三年天子大破旄頭之國。 蠕蠕、高車，旄頭之眾也。 願陛下勿疑。」 淵、辯復曰：「蠕蠕，荒外無用之物，得其地不可耕而食，得其民不可臣而使，輕疾無常，難得而制； 有何汲汲，而勞士馬以伐之？」 浩曰：「淵、辯言天道，猶是其職，至於人事形勢，尤非其所知。 此乃漢世常談，施之於今，殊不合事宜。 何則？ 蠕蠕本國家北邊之臣，中間叛去。 今誅其元惡，收其良民，令復舊役，非無用也。 世人皆謂淵、辯通解數術，明決成敗，臣請試問之：屬者統萬未亡之前，有無敗征？ 若其不知，是無術也； 知而不言，是不忠也。」 時赫連昌在坐，淵等自以未嘗有言，慚不能對。 魏主大悅。
Hao challenged Yuan and Bian: "Yang is virtue and yin is punishment; a solar eclipse calls for virtue, a lunar eclipse for punishment. A king's punishments, small ones are displayed in market and court; great ones are arrayed on the battlefield. Marching now to punish the guilty is precisely how we cultivate punishment. I have watched the heavens: for years the moon has veiled the Pleiades, and it still does. The omen says that within three years the Son of Heaven will crush the Maotou peoples. Rouran and Gaoche are Maotou peoples. Your Majesty must not hesitate." Yuan and Bian replied: "Rouran are worthless barbarians beyond the pale; their land cannot be farmed, their people cannot be ruled; they are swift, fickle, and impossible to control; why weary soldiers and horses in haste to attack them?" Hao said: "Yuan and Bian may speak of Heaven—that is their trade; human affairs and strategy are beyond them. That is Han-dynasty platitude, wholly unsuited to our day. Why? Rouran were once our northern subjects and rebelled. Execute their leaders, take their people back into service, and they are far from useless. Everyone says Yuan and Bian read the stars and foresee outcomes—let me test them: before Tongwan fell, did they foresee defeat? If they did not, they have no skill; if they knew and said nothing, that is disloyalty." Helian Chang was present; Yuan and his colleagues, knowing they had never warned anyone, sat ashamed and silent. The Wei emperor was delighted.
51
既罷，公卿或尤浩曰：「今南寇方伺國隙，而捨之北伐； 若蠕蠕遠遁，前無所獲，後有強寇，將何以待之？」 浩曰：「不然。 今不先破蠕蠕，則無以待南寇。 南人聞國家克統萬以來，內懷恐懼，故揚聲動眾以衛淮北。 比吾破蠕蠕，往還之間，南寇必不動也。 且彼步我騎，彼能北來，我亦南往； 在彼甚困，於我未勞。 況南北殊俗，水陸異宜，設使國家與之河南，彼亦不能守也。 何以言之？ 以劉裕之雄傑，吞併關中，留其愛子，輔以良將，精兵數萬，猶不能守。 全軍覆沒，號哭之聲，至今未已。 況義隆今日君臣非裕時之比！ 主上英武，士馬精強，彼若果來，譬如以駒犢斗虎狼也，何懼之有！ 蠕蠕恃其絕遠，謂國家力不能制，自寬日久，故夏則散眾放畜，秋肥乃聚，背寒向溫，南來寇鈔。 今掩其不備，必望塵駭散。 牡馬護牝，牝馬戀駒，驅馳難制，不得水草，不過數日，必聚而困弊，可一舉而滅也。 暫勞永逸，時不可失，患在上無此意。 今上意已決，奈何止之！」 寇謙之謂浩曰：「蠕蠕果可克乎？」 浩曰：「必克。 但恐諸將瑣瑣，前後顧慮，不能乘勝深入，使不全舉耳。」
Afterward some ministers reproached Hao: "The southern enemy watches for our weakness, yet you abandon him to march north; if Rouran flee and we gain nothing while a strong foe is behind us, what then?" Hao said: "Not so. Unless we break Rouran first, we cannot face the south. Since we took Tongwan the southerners have been afraid; their troop movements on the Huai are bluster to guard Huaibei. By the time we crush Rouran and return, the south will not stir. They are foot soldiers and we are horse; they can march north and we can ride south; the hardship falls on them, not on us. North and south differ in custom and terrain; even if we gave them the lands south of the Yellow River, they could not hold them. How do I know? Liu Yu was a hero who seized Guanzhong, left his beloved son there with fine generals and tens of thousands of elite troops, and still could not hold it. The army was wiped out; their wailing has not ended to this day. How much less do Yilong and his court compare with Liu Yu's day! Our lord is heroic and our troops are elite; if they come, it will be foals against tigers—what is there to fear! Rouran trust their remoteness and think we cannot reach them; they have grown complacent, scattering in summer to pasture, gathering only when the herds are fat in autumn, and raiding southward away from the cold. Strike them unprepared and they will flee at the first dust cloud. Stallions guard mares and mares cling to foals; driven hard they are unmanageable; without water and grass, within days they mass together exhausted—and we can destroy them at one blow. Brief exertion now for lasting ease; the moment must not be lost—the only problem was that the throne had not seen it that way. The throne's mind is made up—how can you hold him back!" Kou Qianzhi asked Hao: "Can Rouran truly be beaten?" Hao said: "They can be beaten. I only fear the generals are too cautious, looking over their shoulders, unable to drive the victory home and finish the job."
52
先是，帝因魏使者還，告魏主曰：「汝趣歸我河南地！ 不然，將盡我將士之力。」 魏主方議伐柔然，聞之大笑，謂公卿曰：「龜鱉小豎，自救不暇，夫何能為！ 就使能來，若不先滅蠕蠕，乃是坐待寇至，腹背受敵，非良策也。 吾行決矣。」
Earlier, as a Wei envoy was departing, the emperor told Wei's ruler: "Return our lands south of the Yellow River at once! Otherwise I will send every soldier I have against you." Wei's ruler was already debating war on Rouran; hearing this he laughed and told his ministers: "That turtle of a boy can barely save himself—what could he possibly do! Even if he could march, failing to destroy Rouran first would mean sitting still while enemies hit us from both sides—no good strategy. My decision stands."
53
庚寅，魏主發平城，使北平王長孫嵩、廣陵公樓伏連居守。 魏主自東道向黑山，使平陽王長孫翰自西道向大娥山，同會柔然之庭。
On gengyin Wei's ruler marched from Pingcheng, leaving Prince of Beiping Changgunsun Song and Duke of Guangling Lou Fulian to hold the capital. Wei's ruler took the eastern route toward Heishan while Prince of Pingyang Changgunsun Han marched west toward Da'e Mountain; both were to converge on Rouran's domain.
54
五月，壬辰朔，日有食之。
In the fifth month, on the first day renchen, the sun was eclipsed.
55
王敬弘固讓尚書令，表求還東。 癸巳，更以敬弘為侍中、特進、左光祿大夫，聽其東歸。
Wang Jinghong firmly declined Director of the Masters of Writing and petitioned to return east. On guisi he was made Palace Attendant, Special Court Advancement, and Left Grandee of Splendid Happiness, and allowed to go home east.
56
丁未，魏主至漠南，捨輜重，帥輕騎兼馬襲擊柔然，至栗水，柔然紇升蓋可汗先不設備，民畜滿野，驚怖散去，莫相收攝。 紇升蓋燒廬舍，絕跡西走，莫知所之。 其弟匹黎先主東部，聞有魏寇，帥眾欲就其兄； 遇長孫翰，翰邀擊，大破之，殺其大人數百。
On dingwei Wei's ruler reached the southern desert, shed his baggage train, and led mounted light cavalry in a surprise raid on Rouran. At the Li River, Khan Yujiengai of Rouran was caught unprepared; people and herds filled the plains and fled in panic with no one able to regroup them. Yujiengai burned his camps and vanished westward; no one knew where he had gone. His younger brother Piliji, who held the eastern tribes, heard of the Wei raid and marched to join his brother; he ran into Changgunsun Han, who intercepted and crushed him, killing several hundred tribal chiefs.
57
夏主欲復取統萬，引兵東至侯尼城，不敢進而還。
The Xia ruler tried to retake Tongwan, marched east to Houni City, lost his nerve, and withdrew.
58
河西王蒙遜伐秦，秦王暮末留相國元基守枹罕，遷保定連。
King Mengsun of Hexi attacked Qin; King Mumu of Qin left Chief Minister Yuanji to hold Fuhan and withdrew to Baodinglian.
59
南安太守翟承伯等據罕幵谷以應河西，幕末擊破之，進至治城。
Nan'an Prefect Zhai Chengbo and others seized Hanjiang Valley to aid Hexi; Mumu routed them and pushed on to Zhicheng.
60
西安太守莫者幼眷據汧川以叛，暮末討之，為幼眷所敗，還於定連。
Xi'an Prefect Mozhe Youjuan rebelled and held Qianchuan; Mumu attacked, was beaten by Youjuan, and fell back to Dinglian.
61
蒙遜至枹罕，遣世子興國進攻定連。 六月，暮末逆擊興國於治城，擒之，追擊蒙遜至譚郊。
Mengsun reached Fuhan and sent his heir Xingguo against Dinglian. In the sixth month Mumu counterattacked Xingguo at Zhicheng, took him prisoner, and chased Mengsun to Tanjiao.
62
吐谷渾王慕瑰遣其弟沒利延，將騎五千會蒙遜伐秦，暮末遣輔國大將軍段暉等邀擊，大破之。
King Mugui of Tuyuhun sent his brother Moliyan with five thousand cavalry to join Mengsun against Qin; Mumu sent General Who Assists the State Duan Hui to intercept and rout them.
63
柔然紇升蓋可汗既走，部落四散，竄伏山谷，雜畜布野，無人收視。 魏主循栗水西行，至菟園水，分軍搜討，東西五千里，南北三千里，俘斬甚眾。 高車諸部乘魏兵勢，鈔掠柔然。 柔然種類前後降魏者三十餘萬落，獲戎馬百餘萬匹，畜產、車廬，瀰漫山澤，亡慮數百萬。
After Khan Yujiengai of Rouran fled, the tribes scattered into the hills; livestock lay everywhere untended. Wei's ruler marched west along the Li River to the Tuyuan River and sent detachments to sweep an area five thousand li east to west and three thousand li north to south, capturing and killing vast numbers. Gaoche tribes joined the Wei advance and plundered Rouran. More than three hundred thousand Rouran households surrendered to Wei; they seized over a million war horses, and livestock, carts, and tents covered the hills and marshes—in the millions beyond count.
64
魏主循弱水西行，至涿邪山，諸將慮深入有伏兵，勸魏主留止，寇謙之以崔浩之言告魏主，魏主不從。 秋，七月，引兵東還； 至黑山，以所獲班賜將士有差。 既而得降人言：「可汗先被病，聞魏兵至，不知所為，乃焚穹廬，以車自載，將數百人入南山。 民畜窘聚，方六十里無人統領，相去百八十里，追兵不至，乃徐西遁，唯此得免。」 後聞涼州賈胡言：「若復前行二日，則盡滅之矣。」 魏主深悔之。 紇升蓋可汗憤悒而卒，子吳提立，號敕連可汗。
Wei's ruler marched west along the Ruoshui to Zhuoye Mountain; the generals feared ambush in the deep country and urged him to stop; Kou Qianzhi relayed Cui Hao's counsel, but Wei's ruler refused. In the seventh month of autumn he turned east and marched home; at Heishan he distributed the spoils among the troops by rank. Captives then reported: "The khan had already been ill; when he heard Wei troops were coming he did not know what to do, burned his tents, loaded carts, and with a few hundred men entered the southern mountains. People and herds were packed within a sixty-li square with no leader; a hundred eighty li ahead of the pursuit, they slipped slowly west—the only way he escaped." Later a Liangzhou trader said: "Two more days' march would have destroyed them entirely." Wei's ruler deeply regretted it. Khan Yujiengai died of grief; his son Wuti succeeded him as Khan Chelian.
65
武都孝昭王楊玄疾病，欲以國授其弟難當。 難當固辭，請立玄子保宗而輔之； 玄許之。 玄卒，保宗立。 難當妻姚氏勸難當自立，難當乃廢保宗，自稱都督雍、涼、秦三州諸軍事、征西大將軍、開府儀同三司、秦州刺史、武都王。
Yang Xuan, Filial and Bright King of Wudu, fell ill and wanted to pass the realm to his brother Nandang. Nandang refused and asked that Xuan's son Baozong be enthroned while he served as regent; Xuan agreed. Xuan died and Baozong took the throne. Nandang's wife Lady Yao urged him to seize power; he deposed Baozong and declared himself Commander-in-Chief of Yong, Liang, and Qin, General Who Conquers the West, Grand General with Ceremonial Equal to the Three Excellencies, Governor of Qin Province, and King of Wudu.
66
河西王蒙遜遣使送谷三十萬斛以贖世子興國於秦，秦王暮末不許。 蒙遜乃立興國母弟菩提為世子。 暮末以興國為散騎常侍，以其妹平昌公主妻之。
King Mengsun of Hexi sent grain—three hundred thousand hu—to ransom his heir Xingguo from Qin; King Mumu refused. Mengsun then named Xingguo's younger full brother Puti as heir. Mumu made Xingguo Attendant Cavalier at Large and married him to his sister, Princess of Pingchang.
67
八月，魏主至漠南，聞高車東部屯巳尼陂，人畜甚眾，去魏軍千餘里，遣左僕射安原等將萬騎擊之。 高車諸部迎降者數十萬落，獲馬牛羊百餘萬。
In the eighth month Wei's ruler reached the southern desert, learned the eastern Gaoche were camped at Sinipo with vast herds a thousand li away, and sent Left Deputy Director Anyuan with ten thousand horse against them. Several hundred thousand Gaoche households surrendered; they seized more than a million horses, cattle, and sheep.
68
冬，十月，魏主還平城。 徙柔然、高車降附之民於漠南，東至濡源，西暨五原陰山，三千里中，使之耕牧而收其貢賦； 命長孫翰、劉絜、安原及侍中代人古弼同鎮撫之。 自是魏之民間馬牛羊及氈皮為之價賤。
In the tenth month of winter Wei's ruler returned to Pingcheng. He resettled submitted Rouran and Gaoche on the southern desert from Ruyuan in the east to Wuyuan and the Yin Mountains in the west—three thousand li—set them to farming and herding, and collected tribute; he put Changgunsun Han, Liu Jie, Anyuan, and Palace Attendant Gu Bi, a tribesman who had submitted, in joint charge of pacifying them. From then on horses, cattle, sheep, and felt skins were cheap throughout Wei.
69
魏主加崔浩侍中、特進、撫軍大將軍，以賞其謀畫之功。 浩善占天文，常置銅鋌於酢器中，夜有所見，即以鋌畫紙作字以記其異。 魏主每如浩家，問以災異，或倉猝不及束帶； 奉進疏食，不暇精美，魏主必為之舉箸，或立嘗而還。 魏主嘗引浩出入臥內，從容謂浩曰：「卿才智淵博，事朕祖考，著忠三世，故朕引卿以自近。 卿宜盡忠規諫，勿有所隱。 朕雖或時忿恚，不從卿言，然終久深思卿言也。」 嘗指浩以示新降高車渠帥曰：「汝曹視此人尪纖懦弱，不能彎弓持矛，然其胸中所懷，乃過於兵甲。 朕雖有征伐之志而不能自決，前後有功，皆此人所教也。」 又敕尚書曰：「凡軍國大計，汝曹所不能決者，皆當咨浩，然後施行。」
Wei's ruler promoted Cui Hao to Palace Attendant, Special Court Advancement, and General Who Pacifies the Army, rewarding his strategic counsel. Hao was skilled at reading the heavens; he kept a copper stylus in a vinegar jar, and when he saw something in the night sky he scratched characters on paper to record the omen. Wei's ruler often visited Hao to ask about omens; sometimes Hao had no time even to belt his robe; he served plain food in haste; Wei's ruler always ate with him—sometimes standing for a bite before leaving. Wei's ruler once brought Hao in and out of his private chambers and said gently: "Your learning runs deep; you served my forefathers with loyalty through three reigns, and that is why I keep you near. Speak your mind fully in counsel—hide nothing from me. I may grow angry and refuse you in the moment, but in the end I always weigh what you say." Once he pointed Hao out to newly submitted Gaoche chiefs and said: "You see this man—frail and weak, unable to bend a bow—yet what he carries inside is worth more than armor. I mean to conquer but cannot decide alone; every victory has come from this man's counsel." He also told the Masters of Writing: "On any major plan of war or state you cannot settle, consult Hao before acting."
70
秦王暮末之弟軻殊羅烝於文昭王左夫人禿髮氏，暮末知而禁之。 軻殊羅懼，與叔父什寅謀殺暮末，奉沮渠興國以奔河西。 使禿髮氏盜門鑰，鑰誤，門者以告暮末。 暮末悉收其黨殺之，而赦軻殊羅。 執什寅，鞭之，什寅曰：「我負汝死，不負汝鞭！」 暮末怒，刳其腹，投屍於河。
King Mumu of Qin's brother Kesheluo took up with Lady Tufa, left consort of King Wenzhao; Mumu found out and forbade it. Kesheluo, afraid, joined his uncle Shiyin in a plot to kill Mumu, put Juqu Xingguo on the throne, and flee to Hexi. They sent Lady Tufa to steal the gate keys; she took the wrong ones, and the gatekeeper told Mumu. Mumu arrested the plotters and executed them, but spared Kesheluo. He seized Shiyin and had him flogged; Shiyin said: "I owe you my death—I do not owe you this beating!" Enraged, Mumu cut open his belly and threw the body into the river.
71
夏主少凶暴無賴，不為世祖所知。 是月，畋於陰槃，登苛藍山，望統城泣曰：「先帝若以朕承大業者，豈有今日之事乎！」
From youth the Xia ruler had been violent and unrestrained, misunderstood by Emperor Shizu. That month, hunting at Yinpan, he climbed Mount Kelan, gazed toward Tongcheng, and wept: "If my father had meant me to inherit the throne, would things be as they are today!"
72
十一月，己丑朔，日有食之，不盡如鉤，星晝見，至晡方沒，河北地暗。
In the eleventh month, on the first day jichou, the sun was eclipsed to a hook; stars shone by day until dusk; north of the river went dark.
73
魏主西巡，至柞山。
Wei's ruler toured west to Zuoshan.
74
十二月，河西王蒙遜、吐谷渾王慕瑰皆遣使入貢。
In the twelfth month Kings Mengsun of Hexi and Mugui of Tuyuhun both sent tribute missions.
75
是歲，魏內都大官中山文懿公李先、青冀二州刺史安同皆卒。 先年九十五。
That year Li Xian, Wei's Grand Provisioner and Duke Wenyi of Zhongshan, and Ang Tong, governor of Qing and Ji, both died. Xian was ninety-five.
76
秦地震，野草皆自反。
Qin was shaken by an earthquake; wild grass turned upside down.
77
太祖文皇帝上之中元嘉七年（ 庚午，公元四三零年）
Seventh year of Yuanjia under the first reign of Emperor Wen of Song ( the year gengwu, 430 CE)
78
春，正月，癸巳，以吐谷渾王慕瑰為征西將軍，沙州刺史、隴西公。
In spring, the first month, on guisi, King Mugui of Tuyuhun was made General Who Conquers the West, Governor of Shazhou, and Duke of Longxi.
79
庚子，魏主還宮。 壬寅，大赦。 癸卿，復如廣寧，臨溫泉。
On gengzi Wei's ruler returned to the palace. On renyin he declared a general amnesty. On guimao he again went to Guangning to visit the hot springs.
80
二月，西卿，魏平陽威王長孫翰卒。
In the second month, on xinmao, Prince Wei of Pingyang Changgunsun Han died.
81
戊辰，魏主還宮。
On wuchen Wei's ruler returned to the palace.
82
帝自踐位以來，有恢復河南之志。 三月，戊子詔簡甲卒五萬給右將軍到彥之，統安北將軍王仲德、袞州刺史竺靈秀舟師入河，又使驍騎將軍段宏將精騎八千直指虎牢，豫州刺史劉德武將兵一萬繼進，後將軍長沙王義欣將兵三萬監征討諸軍事。 義欣，道憐之子也。
Since his accession the emperor had wanted to recover the lands south of the Yellow River. In the third month, on wuzi, he drafted fifty thousand armored troops for General of the Right Dao Yanzhi, who would lead General Who Pacifies the North Wang Zhongde and Yanzhou Governor Zhu Lingxiu's fleet up the river; he sent General of Valiant Cavalry Duan Hong with eight thousand elite cavalry straight for Hulao, Yuzhou Governor Liu Dewu with ten thousand men in support, and General of the Rear Prince of Changsha Yixin with thirty thousand men to oversee the campaign. Yixin was Dao Lin's son.
83
先遣殿中將軍田奇使於魏，告魏主曰：「河南舊是宋土，中為彼所侵，今當修復舊境，不關河北。」 魏主大怒曰：「我生發未燥，已聞河南是我地。 此豈可得！ 必若進軍，今當權斂戍相避，須冬寒地淨，河冰堅合，自更取之。」
He first sent Palace Army General Tian Qi to Wei with a message: "The lands south of the Yellow River were Song soil until you seized them; we mean only to restore the old border—not to touch the north." Wei's ruler flew into a rage: "Before my hair was dry I heard those lands south of the Yellow River were mine. That will never happen! If you insist on marching, I will pull back the garrisons for now—but when winter freezes the ground and the river, I will take it back myself."
84
甲午，以前南廣平太守尹沖為司州刺史。 長沙王義欣出鎮彭城，為眾軍聲援。 以游擊將軍胡籓戍廣陵，行府州事。
On jiawu former Southern Guangping Governor Yin Chong was appointed Governor of Sizhou. Prince of Changsha Yixin took command at Pengcheng to support the main army. General of Mobile Columns Hu Fan was posted at Guangling with prefectural and provincial authority.
85
壬寅，魏封赫連昌為秦王。
On renyin Wei enfeoffed Helian Chang as King of Qin.
86
魏有新徒敕勒千餘家，苦於將吏侵漁，出怨言，期以草生牛馬肥，亡歸漠北。 尚書令劉絜、左僕射安原奏請及河冰未解，徙之河西。 向春冰解，使不得北遁。 魏主曰：「此曹習俗，放散日久，譬如囿中之鹿，急則奔突，緩之自定。 吾區處自有道，不煩徙也。」 絜等固請不已，乃聽分徙三萬餘落於河西，西至白鹽池。 敕勒皆驚駭，曰：「圈我於河西，欲殺我也！」 謀西奔涼州。 劉絜屯五原河北，安原屯悅拔城以備之。 癸卯，敕勒數千騎叛，北走，絜追討之； 走者無食，相枕而死。
More than a thousand newly resettled Tiele households in Wei groaned under the predations of garrison officers and officials; they whispered that once the grass grew and the livestock fattened, they would flee back to the northern steppe. Minister of Works Liu Jie and Left Deputy Director An Yuan urged that the tribes be relocated west of the Yellow River before the ice broke. With the thaw of spring, they would be unable to escape northward. The Wei emperor said, "These people have long lived scattered by custom. They are like deer in a park — drive them hard and they burst out in panic; give them ease and they settle on their own. I have my own way of managing them — there is no need to relocate them." Liu Jie and his colleagues persisted until the emperor agreed to resettle more than thirty thousand clans west of the river, as far as the White Salt Pool. The Tiele were terrified. "They are penning us west of the river to slaughter us!" They plotted to flee west to Liang Province. Liu Jie encamped north of the Wuyuan stretch of the Yellow River; An Yuan took up position at Yueba to block them. On guimao several thousand Tiele horsemen rebelled and fled north; Liu Jie pursued them; The fugitives, starving, died in heaps atop one another.
87
魏南邊諸將表稱：「宋人大嚴，將入寇。 請兵三萬，先其未發，逆擊之，足以挫其銳氣，使不敢深入。」 因請悉誅河北流民在境上者，以絕其鄉導。 魏主使公卿議之，皆以為當然。 崔浩曰：「不可。 南方下濕，入夏之後，水潦方降，草木蒙密，地氣鬱蒸，易生疾癘，不可行師。 且彼既嚴備，則城守必固，留屯久攻，則糧運不繼； 分軍四掠，則眾力單寡，無以應敵。 以今擊之，未見其利。 彼若果能北來，宜待其勞倦，秋涼馬肥，因敵取食，徐往擊之，此萬全之計也。 朝廷群臣及西北守將，從陛下征伐，西平赫連，北破蠕蠕，多獲美女、珍寶，牛馬成群。 南邊諸將聞而慕之，亦欲南鈔以取資財，皆營私計，為國生事，不可從也。」 魏主乃止。
Wei's southern commanders reported: "The Liu Song are mobilizing in force and mean to invade. Give us thirty thousand men to strike before they march — a preemptive blow would break their momentum and keep them from advancing far." They also asked to kill every refugee from north of the river along the border, so that Liu Song would have no local guides. The Wei emperor referred the matter to his ministers; all agreed it was the right course. Cui Hao said, "No. The south is low and damp; once summer comes, floods rise, the undergrowth grows dense, and the miasma breeds pestilence — no army can march there. And if they are already on guard, their cities will hold fast; a prolonged siege will outrun our supplies; if we split the army to raid in every direction, our strength will be scattered and we will be unable to meet the enemy. An attack now offers no clear gain. If they truly march north, wait until they are exhausted — when autumn turns cool and the horses grow fat, live off the enemy's stores, and strike at leisure. That is the sure plan. The court ministers and northwestern frontier commanders who followed Your Majesty west against Helian and north against the Rouran came home with captive women, jewels, and herds of horses — the southern commanders heard these tales and wanted their own — they urge a southern raid for loot, each pursuing private gain while inviting trouble for the state. Do not heed them." The Wei emperor dropped the plan.
88
諸將復表：「南寇已至，所部兵少，乞簡幽州以南勁兵助己戍守，乃就漳水造船嚴備以拒之。」 公卿皆以為宜如所請，並署司馬楚之、魯軌、延之等為將帥，使招誘南人。 浩曰：「非長策也。 楚之等皆彼所畏忌，今聞國家悉發幽州以南精兵，大造舟艦，隨以輕騎，謂國家欲存立司馬氏，誅除劉宗，必舉國震駭，懼於滅亡，當悉發精銳，並心竭力，以死爭之，則我南邊諸將無以御之。 今公卿欲以威力卻敵，乃所以速之也。 張虛聲而召實害，此之謂矣。 故楚之之徒，往則彼來，止則彼息，其勢然也。 且楚之等皆纖利小才，止能招合輕薄無賴而不能成大功，徒使國家兵連禍結而已。 昔魯軌說姚興以取荊州，至則敗散，為蠻人掠賣為奴，終於禍及姚泓，此已然之效也。」 魏主未以為然。 浩乃復陳天時，以為南方舉兵必不利，曰：「今茲害氣在揚州，一也； 庚午自刑，先發者傷，二也； 日食晝晦，宿值斗、牛，三也； 熒惑伏於翼、軫，主亂及喪，四也； 太白未出，進兵者敗，五也。 夫興國之君，先修人事，次盡地利，後觀天時，故萬舉萬全。 今劉義隆新造之國，人事未洽； 災變屢見，天時不協； 舟行水涸，地利不盡。 三者無一可，而義隆行之，必敗無疑。」 魏主不能違眾言，乃詔冀、定、相三州造船三千艘，簡幽州以南戍兵集河上以備之。
The generals petitioned again: "The southern enemy is here, and our commands are understrength. Select crack troops from south of You Province to reinforce us, build warships on the Zhang River, and stand ready to repel them." The ministers agreed. Sima Chuzhi, Lu Gui, Yan Zhi, and others were appointed to command forces tasked with recruiting southerners. Cui Hao said, "That is no sound strategy. Sima Chuzhi and the others are precisely the men Liu Song fear most. If they hear Wei mobilizing every crack soldier south of You Province, building a great fleet and sending light cavalry, they will believe Wei means to restore the Sima and destroy the Liu — the whole kingdom will panic, muster every blade, and fight to the death. Our southern commanders could not stand against that. Your ministers mean to frighten the enemy off with a show of force — that is exactly what will hurry them forward. An empty threat that provokes real danger — that is what this would be. With men like Sima Chuzhi, when they advance the enemy advances; when they halt, the enemy halts. That is the pattern. Besides, Sima Chuzhi and his ilk are petty schemers who can rally riffraff but cannot win great victories — they would only bind the state in endless war. Remember Lu Gui: he persuaded Yao Xing of Later Qin to seize Jing Province, only to see his force routed and himself sold into slavery by tribesmen — disaster that ultimately consumed Yao Hong. The precedent stands. The Wei emperor was not persuaded. Cui Hao then cited heaven's signs, arguing that a southern campaign must fail: "This year baleful qi afflict Yang Province — the first omen; gengwu carries self-destruction — whoever strikes first will be hurt; the second omen; a solar eclipse dims the daylight under the lodges of Dipper and Ox — the third; Mars hides in Wings and Chariot, augury of rebellion and death — the fourth; Venus has not yet risen — whoever advances will be defeated. That is the fifth. A founding king puts human affairs first, terrain second, and heaven last — then every venture succeeds. Liu Yilong's realm is newly founded and its people not yet united; omens multiply and heaven is not on his side; his fleets move while the rivers run low — the terrain offers no advantage. Not one of the three supports him, yet Yilong presses on — defeat is certain." Unable to overrule the court, the Wei emperor ordered Ji, Ding, and Xiang to build three thousand ships and mustered garrison troops from south of You Province along the river.
89
秦乞伏什寅母弟前將軍白養、鎮衛將軍去列，以什寅之死，有怨言，秦王暮末皆殺之。
In Western Qin, Former General Bai Yang — Qifu Shiyin's younger maternal half-brother — and Guard General Qu Lie nursed grievances over Shiyin's death; King Mumu had them both executed.
90
夏，四月，甲子，魏主如去中。
In the fourth month, on jiazi, the Wei emperor traveled to Quzhong.
91
敕勒萬餘落復叛走，魏主使尚書封鐵追討，滅之。
More than ten thousand Tiele clans rebelled and fled again; the Wei emperor sent Minister of Documents Feng Tie in pursuit and annihilated them.
92
六月，己卿，以氐王楊難當為冠軍將軍、秦州刺史、武都王。
In the sixth month, on jimao, the Di king Yang Nandang was appointed General Who Establishes Martial Supremacy, Governor of Qin Province, and King of Wudu.
93
魏主使平南大將軍、丹楊王大毘，屯河上，以司馬楚之為安南大將軍、荊州刺史，封琅邪王，頓穎川以備宋。
The Wei emperor posted Grand General Who Pacifies the South Prince Danyang Da Pi along the river; he made Sima Chuzhi General Who Pacifies the South and Governor of Jing Province, enfeoffed him as King of Langye, and stationed him at Yingchuan against Liu Song.
94
吐谷渾王慕瑰將其眾萬八千襲秦定連，秦輔國大將軍段暉等擊走之。
King Mugui of Tuyuhun led eighteen thousand men against Dinglian in Qin; Western Qin's General Who Assists the State Duan Hui beat them back.
95
到彥之自淮入泗，水滲，日行才十里，自四月至秋七月，始至須昌。 乃溯河西上。
Dao Yanzhi entered the Si from the Huai, but the water was so shallow his fleet managed only ten li a day; from the fourth month until the seventh month of autumn he at last reached Xuchang. From there he pushed upstream along the western bank.
96
魏主以河南四鎮兵少，命諸軍悉收眾北渡。 戊子，魏碻磝戍兵棄城去。 戊戌，滑台戍兵亦去。 庚子，魏主以大鴻臚陽平公杜超為都督冀、定、相三州諸軍事、太宰，進爵陽平王，鎮鄴，為諸軍節度。 超，密太后之兄也。 庚戌，魏洛陽、虎牢戍兵皆棄城去。
Finding the four garrisons south of the Yellow River understrength, the Wei emperor ordered every command to withdraw north across the river. On wuzi the Wei garrison at Qiao'ao abandoned the city. On wuxu the garrison at Huatai withdrew as well. On gengzi the Wei emperor made Grandee of Splendid Happiness Duke Yangping Du Chao commander of Ji, Ding, and Xiang, promoted him to King of Yangping and Grand Preceptor, and stationed him at Ye to direct the armies. Du Chao was an elder brother of Empress Mi. On gengxu the Wei garrisons at Luoyang and Hulao abandoned their posts.
97
到彥之留朱修之守滑台，尹沖守虎牢，建武將軍杜驥守金墉。 驥，預之玄孫也。 諸軍進頓靈昌津，列守南岸，至於潼關。 於是司、袞既平，諸軍皆喜，王仲德獨有憂色，曰：「請賢不諳北土情偽，必墮其計。 胡虜雖仁義不足，而凶狡有餘，今斂戍北歸，必並力完聚。 若河冰既合，將復南來，豈可不以為憂乎！」
Dao Yanzhi left Zhu Xiuzhi at Huatai, Yin Chong at Hulao, and General Who Establishes Martial Prowess Du Ji at Jinyong. Du Ji was a great-great-grandson of Du Yu. The army advanced to Lingchang Ford and lined the south bank all the way to Tong Pass. With Si and Yan provinces seemingly secure, the commanders exulted — only Wang Zhongde looked grim. "Your worthies do not know the north," he said. "You are walking into a trap. The northerners may lack virtue, but they are cunning. Withdraw the garrisons and they will mass their strength. When the river freezes, they will come south again — should we not fear that?"
98
甲寅，林邑王范陽邁遣使入貢，自陳與交州不睦，乞蒙恕宥。 八月，魏主遣冠軍將軍安頡督護諸軍，擊到彥之。 丙寅，彥之遣裨將吳興姚聳夫渡河攻冶板，與頡戰； 聳夫兵敗，死者甚眾。 戊寅，魏主遣征西大將軍長孫道生會丹陽王大毘屯河上以御彥之。
On jiayin King Fan Yangmai of Linyi sent tribute, pleaded that he was at odds with Jiao Province, and asked to be forgiven. In the eighth month the Wei emperor sent General Who Establishes Martial Supremacy An Rui to command the armies against Dao Yanzhi. On bingyin Dao Yanzhi sent Assistant General Yao Songfu of Wuxing across the river to assault Yebai and engage An Rui; Songfu was routed and his losses were heavy. On wuyin the Wei emperor sent Grand General Who Conquers the West Changsun Daosheng to join Prince Danyang Da Pi on the river against Dao Yanzhi.
99
燕太祖寢疾，召中書監申秀、侍中陽哲於內殿，屬以後事。 九月，病甚，輦而臨軒，命太子翼攝國事，勒兵聽政，以備非常。
The Founding Emperor of Northern Yan fell gravely ill; he summoned Palace Director Shen Xiu and Palace Attendant Yang Zhe to the inner hall and entrusted them with the succession. In the ninth month, desperately ill, he was borne to the throne hall, ordered Crown Prince Yi to govern in his stead, and mobilized the guard against emergency.
100
宋夫人欲立其子受居，惡翼聽政，謂翼曰：「上疾將瘳，奈何遽欲代父臨天下乎！」 翼性仁弱，遂還東宮，日三往省疾。 宋夫人矯詔絕內外，遣閽寺傳問而已，翼及諸子、大臣並不得見，唯中給事胡福獨得出入，專掌禁衛。 福慮宋夫人遂成其謀，乃言於司徒、錄尚書事、中山公弘，弘與壯士數十人被甲入禁中，宿衛皆不戰而散。 宋夫人命閉東閤，弘家僮庫斗頭勁捷有勇力，逾閤而入，至於皇堂，射殺女御一人。 太祖驚懼而殂。 弘遂即天王位，遣人巡城告曰：「天降凶禍，大行崩背，太子不侍疾，群公不奔喪，疑有逆謀，社稷將危。 吾備介弟之親，遂攝大位以寧國家，百官叩門入者，進陛二等。」 太子翼帥東宮兵出戰而敗，兵皆潰去，弘遣使賜翼死。 太祖有子百餘人，弘皆殺之。 謚太祖民皇帝，長谷陵。
Lady Song wanted her son Shouju on the throne and resented Yi's regency. She told Yi, "Your father's illness is nearly cured — why are you so eager to seize the throne? Gentle and yielding by nature, Yi withdrew to the Eastern Palace and visited his father three times a day. Lady Song forged an edict sealing the palace; only gate eunuchs passed messages. Yi, the other princes, and the ministers were all shut out — only Central Attendant Hu Fu came and went freely, commanding the guard. Fearing Lady Song would succeed, Hu Fu warned Minister-over-the-Masses Duke of Zhongshan Hong; Hong entered the palace with several dozen armed men, and the guards melted away without a fight. Lady Song ordered the eastern gate barred, but Hong's household slave Koudoutou — quick and fierce — vaulted the gate, reached the imperial hall, and shot a lady-in-waiting dead. The Founding Emperor died in shock and terror. Hong seized the throne as Heavenly King and sent criers through the city: "Heaven has sent disaster — the late emperor is dead, yet the crown prince did not attend him and the lords did not come to mourn. Treason is suspected and the realm is in peril. As his younger brother I have taken the throne to save the state. Officials who enter at my gate will rise two ranks." Crown Prince Yi marched out with the Eastern Palace guard and was routed; Hong sent orders for his death. The Founding Emperor had more than a hundred sons; Hong killed every one. He posthumously titled the Founding Emperor Civil Emperor and buried him at Changgu Mausoleum.
101
己丑，夏主遣其弟謂以代伐魏鄜城，魏平西將軍始平公隗歸等擊之，殺萬餘人，謂以代遁去。 夏主自將數萬人邀擊隗歸於鄜城東，留其弟上谷公社干、廣陽公度洛孤守平涼，遣使來求和，約合兵滅魏，遙分河北：自恆山以東屬宋，以西屬夏。
On jichou the Xia ruler sent his brother Wei Yidai against Fucheng; Wei's General Who Pacifies the West Duke of Shiping Kui Gui crushed the attack, killed more than ten thousand, and Yidai fled. The Xia ruler personally led tens of thousands to ambush Kui Gui east of Fucheng, left his brothers Duke of Shanggu Shegan and Duke of Guangyang Duluo'gu at Pingliang, and sent envoys proposing an alliance against Wei — east of Mount Heng for Liu Song, west for Xia.
102
魏主聞之，治兵，將伐夏，群臣鹹曰：「劉義隆兵猶在河中，捨之西行，前寇未可必克，而義隆乘虛濟河，則失山東矣。」 魏主以問崔浩，對曰：「義隆與赫連定遙相招引，以虛聲唱和，共大國，義隆望定進，定徒義隆前，皆莫敢先入； 譬如連雞，不得俱飛，無能為害也。 臣始謂義隆軍來，當屯止河中，兩道北上，東道向冀州，西道沖鄴，如此，則陛下當自討之，不得徐行。 今則不然，東西列兵徑二千里，一處不過數千，形分勢弱。 以此觀之，儜兒情見，此不過欲固河自守，無北渡意也。 赫連定殘根易摧，擬之必僕。 克定之後，東出潼關，席捲而前，則威震南極，江、淮以北無立草矣。 聖策獨發，非愚近所及，願陛下勿疑。」 甲辰，魏主如統萬，遂襲平涼，以衛兵將軍王斤鎮蒲板。 斤，建之子也。
The Wei emperor mustered troops to strike Xia, but his ministers warned: "Liu Yilong's army is still on the river. Turn west before the Xia are surely beaten, and Yilong will cross the gap — we will lose everything east of the mountains." The Wei emperor asked Cui Hao, who answered: "Yilong and Helian Ding shout threats across the distance to bluff us. Yilong waits for Ding to move; Ding only pushes Yilong ahead — neither will go first. They are like chickens tied together — neither can take wing. They pose no real threat. I once feared Yilong would halt on the river and strike north in two columns — east toward Ji Province, west against Ye — forcing Your Majesty to meet him in person without delay. But that is not what is happening. His forces stretch two thousand li east to west, a few thousand men here and there — divided and weak. It is plain the boy only means to hold the river line. He has no appetite to cross north. Helian Ding is a broken stump — strike him and he will topple. Once Ding is crushed, march east through Tong Pass and roll forward — your prestige will shake the south, and nothing will stand north of the Yangzi and Huai. Only Your Majesty's sagacity sees this far. Doubt no longer." On jiachen the Wei emperor marched on Tongwan and struck Pingliang, leaving Guard General Wang Jin at Puban. Wang Jin was a son of Wang Jian.
103
秦自正月不雨，至於九月，民流叛者甚眾。
Western Qin saw no rain from the first month through the ninth; refugees and rebels filled the land.
104
冬，十月，以竟陵王義宣為南徐州策史，獨戍石頭。
In the tenth month Prince of Jingling Yixuan was made Governor of Southern Xuzhou and left alone to hold Shitou.
105
戊午，立錢署，鑄四銖錢。
On wuwu the court established a mint and cast four-zhu coins.
106
到彥之、王仲德沿河置守，還保東平。 乙亥，魏安頡自委粟津濟河，攻金墉。 金墉城不治既久，又無糧食。 杜驥欲棄城走，恐獲罪。 初，高祖滅秦，遷其鐘虡於江南，有大鐘沒於洛水，帝使姚聳夫將千五百人往取之。 驥紿之曰：「金墉城已修完，糧食亦足，所乏者人耳。 今虜騎南渡，當相與並力御之。 大功既立，牽鐘未晚。」 聳夫從之。 既至，見城不可守，乃引去，遂南遁。 丙子，安頡拔洛陽，殺將士五千餘人。 杜驥歸，言於帝曰：』本欲以死固守，姚聳夫及城遽走，人情沮敗，不可復禁。」 上大怒，誅聳夫於壽陽。 聳夫勇健，諸偏裨莫及也。
Dao Yanzhi and Wang Zhongde posted guards along the river and fell back to defend Dongping. On yihai, Wei's An Rui crossed the river at Weisu Ford and assaulted Jinyong. Jinyong had long fallen into disrepair and had no supplies. Du Ji wanted to abandon the city and flee but feared he would be punished. Earlier, when the Founding Emperor conquered Qin, the bells and bell-frames had been moved south of the Yangtze; one great bell had sunk in the Luo River, and the emperor had sent Yao Songfu with fifteen hundred men to recover it. Ji deceived him, saying: "Jinyong has been fully repaired and well provisioned; all it lacks is men. The enemy cavalry are crossing south now; we should stand together and fight them off. Once we have won this fight, there will still be time to haul up the bell. Songfu agreed. When they arrived and saw the city was indefensible, they withdrew and fled south. On bingzi, An Rui captured Luoyang and killed more than five thousand defenders. Du Ji returned and told the emperor: "I had meant to hold the city even unto death, but when Yao Songfu arrived he fled at once; morale collapsed beyond recall. The emperor was furious and had Songfu executed at Shouyang. Songfu had been brave and strong—none of the subordinate officers could match him.
107
魏河北諸軍會於七女津。 到彥之恐其南渡，遣裨將王蟠龍溯流奪其船，杜超等擊斬之。 安頡與龍驤將軍陸俟進攻虎牢，辛巳，拔之； 尹沖及滎陽太守清河崔模降魏。
Wei's armies north of the Yellow River gathered at Qinv Ford. Fearful of a southern crossing, Dao Yanzhi sent Assistant General Wang Panlong upstream to seize their boats; Du Chao and others struck and killed him. An Rui and General of the Flying Dragon Lu Si attacked Hulao; on xinsi they captured it; Yin Chong and Xingyang Administrator Cui Mo of Qinghe surrendered to Wei.
108
秦王暮末為河西所逼，遣其臣王愷、烏訥闐請迎於魏，魏人許以平涼、安定封之。 暮末乃焚城邑，毀寶器，帥戶萬五千，東如上邽。 至高田谷，給事黃門侍郎郭恆謀劫詛興國以叛； 事覺，暮末殺之。 夏主聞暮末將至，發兵拒之。 暮末留保南安，其故地皆入於吐谷渾。
King Muemo of Qin, hard pressed by Hexi, sent ministers Wang Kai and Wu Nedian to ask Wei to receive him; Wei promised to enfeoff him with Pingliang and Anding. Muemo burned his towns, smashed his treasures, and led fifteen thousand households east toward Shanggui. At Gaotian Valley, Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate Guo Heng plotted to seize Prince Xingguo and rebel; The plot was discovered and Muemo had him killed. Learning that Muemo was approaching, the Xia ruler sent troops to block him. Muemo held Nan'an while his former lands all passed to Tuyuhun.
109
十一月，乙酉，魏主至平涼，夏上谷公社乾等嬰城固守。 魏主使赫連昌招之，不下，乃使安西將軍古弼等將兵趣安定。 夏主自鄜城還安定，將步騎二萬北救平涼，與弼遇，弼偽退以誘之； 夏主追之，魏主使高車馳擊之，夏兵大敗，斬首數千級。 夏主還走，登鶉觚原，為方陣以自固，魏兵就圍之。
In the eleventh month, on yiyou, the Wei emperor reached Pingliang; Gongshe Gan of Shanggu and other Xia commanders barricaded themselves in the city. The Wei emperor sent Helian Chang to negotiate their surrender; when they refused, he sent General Who Pacifies the West Gu Bi toward Anding. The Xia ruler left Fucheng for Anding and marched twenty thousand foot and horse north to relieve Pingliang; Gu Bi met him and feigned retreat to draw him on; The Xia ruler pursued; the Wei emperor sent Gaoche cavalry in a charge; the Xia army was routed and thousands were slain. The Xia ruler fled back up onto Yunqiu Plain, formed a square battle line, and the Wei armies closed in around him.
110
壬辰，加征南大將軍檀道濟都督征討諸軍事，帥眾伐魏。
On renchen, General Who Destroys the South Tan Daoji was made supreme commander of the punitive campaign and marched against Wei.
111
甲午，魏壽光侯叔孫建、汝陰公長孫道生濟河而南。
On jiawu, Marquis of Shouguang Shusun Jian and Duke of Ruyin Changsun Daosheng crossed the river southward.
112
到彥之聞洛陽、虎牢不守，諸軍相繼奔敗，欲引兵還。 殿中將軍垣護之以書諫之，以為宜使竺靈秀朱修之守滑台，自帥大軍進擬河北，且曰：「昔人有連年攻戰，失眾乏糧，猶張膽爭前，莫肯輕退。 況今青州豐穰，濟漕流通，士馬飽逸，威力無損。 若空棄滑台，坐喪成業，豈朝廷受任之旨邪！」 彥之不從。 護之，苗之子也。
When Dao Yanzhi learned that Luoyang and Hulao had fallen and the armies were collapsing in flight, he wanted to pull back. Palace General Yuan Huzhi wrote to dissuade him, arguing that Zhu Lingxiu and Zhu Xiuzhi should hold Huatai while he led the main force toward Hebei, adding: "Men have fought for years, losing troops and starving, yet still pressed forward and refused to withdraw lightly. Qing Province is rich this year, grain moves freely on the Ji, our men and horses are fed and rested, and our strength is undiminished. To abandon Huatai for nothing and throw away everything we have won—how can that be what the court intended when it entrusted you with this command! Yanzhi ignored him. Huzhi was the son of Yuan Miao."
113
彥之欲焚舟步走，王仲德曰：「洛陽既陷，虎牢不守，自然之勢也。 今虜去我猶千里，滑台尚有強兵，若遽捨舟南走，士卒必散。 當引舟入濟，至馬耳谷口，吏詳所宜。」 彥之先有目疾，至是大動； 且將士疾疫，乃引兵自清入濟。 南至歷城，焚舟棄甲，步趨彭城。 竺靈秀棄須昌，南奔湖陸，表、袞大擾。 長沙王義欣在彭城，將佐恐魏兵大至，勸義欣委鎮還都，義欣不從。
Yanzhi wanted to burn the boats and retreat overland; Wang Zhongde said: "Luoyang is lost and Hulao has fallen—that is only to be expected. The enemy is still a thousand li away, and Huatai still holds strong forces; if we abandon the boats and run south at once, the army will disintegrate. Sail into the Ji, reach the mouth of Ma'er Valley, and then carefully decide what course to take from there. Yanzhi had long suffered from an eye ailment, and now it worsened sharply; and his troops were ravaged by plague; he led them from the Qing into the Ji. By the time they reached Licheng they had burned their boats, cast off their armor, and were hurrying on foot toward Pengcheng. Zhu Lingxiu abandoned Xuchang and fled south to Huluo; Qing and Yan provinces were thrown into chaos. Prince of Changsha Yixin was at Pengcheng; his staff, fearing a major Wei advance, urged him to abandon the garrison and return to the capital, but he refused."
114
魏兵攻濟南，濟南太守武進蕭承之帥數百人拒之。 魏眾大集，承之使偃兵，開城門。 眾曰：「賊眾我寡，奈何輕敵之甚！」 承之曰：「今懸守窮城，事已危急，若復示弱，必為所屠，唯當見強以待之耳。」 魏人疑有伏兵，遂引去。 魏軍圍夏主數日，斷其水草，人馬飢渴。 丁酉，夏主引眾下鶉觚原。 魏武衛將軍丘眷擊之，夏眾大潰，死者萬餘人。 夏主中重創，單騎走，收其餘眾，驅民五萬，西保上邽。 魏人獲夏主之弟丹陽公烏視拔、武陵公禿骨及公侯以下百餘人。 是日，魏兵乘勝進攻安定，夏東平公乙斗棄城奔長安，驅略數千家，西奔上邽。
Wei forces attacked Jinan; Jinan Administrator Xiao Chengzhi of Wujin led several hundred men to hold them off. As the Wei host massed, Chengzhi ordered his men to stand down and opened the city gates. His men cried: "The enemy outnumber us—why show them such contempt! Chengzhi replied: "We are trapped in a doomed town and the crisis is acute; if we show weakness now we are finished—we must look strong and wait them out. The Wei troops suspected an ambush and withdrew. The Wei armies besieged the Xia ruler for days, cutting off fodder and water until men and horses were starving and parched. On dingyou, the Xia ruler led his troops down from Yunqiu Plain. General of the Martial Guard Qiu Juan struck them; the Xia army collapsed and more than ten thousand were killed. The Xia ruler was badly wounded, fled alone on horseback, rallied his survivors, and drove fifty thousand civilians west to Shanggui. Wei captured the Xia ruler's brothers Wushiba, Duke of Danyang, and Tugu, Duke of Wuling, along with more than a hundred nobles and officials. That same day the Wei armies pressed on to Anding; Prince of Dongping Yidou abandoned the city for Chang'an, then drove off several thousand households and fled west to Shanggui.
115
戊戌，魏叔孫建攻竺靈秀於湖陸，靈秀大敗，死者五千餘人。 建還頓城。
On wuxu, Shusun Jian attacked Zhu Lingxiu at Huluo; Lingxiu was routed and more than five thousand were killed. Jian withdrew and encamped at the city.
116
己亥，魏主如安定。 庚子，還，臨平涼，掘塹圍之。 安慰初附，赦秦、雍之民，賜覆七年。 夏隴西守將降魏。
On jihai, the Wei emperor went to Anding. On gengzi he returned to Pingliang, dug trenches, and laid siege to the city. To reassure the newly submitted, he pardoned the people of Qin and Yong and remitted cloth levies for seven years. The Xia commander of Longxi surrendered to Wei.
117
辛丑，魏安頡督諸軍攻滑台。
On xinchou, An Rui of Wei took command of the armies and assaulted Huatai.
118
河西王蒙遜遣尚書郎宗舒等入貢於魏，魏主與之宴，執崔浩之手以示舒等曰：「汝所聞崔公，此則是也。 才略之美，於今無比。 朕動止咨之，豫陳成敗，若合符契，未嘗失也。」
King Mengsun of Hexi sent Masters of Writing Attendant Gentleman Zong Shu and others to pay tribute at Wei; the Wei emperor held a feast, took Cui Hao by the hand, and showed him to the envoys, saying: "The Lord Cui you have heard so much about—here he is. In talent and strategy he has no equal today. I consult him in every decision; he foretells outcomes as though reading a tally, and has never once been wrong."
119
魏以叔孫建都督冀、青等四州諸軍事。
Wei made Shusun Jian commander of the armies of Ji, Qing, and four other provinces.
120
魏尚書庫結帥騎五千迎秦王暮末。 秦衛將軍吉毘以為不宜內徙，暮末從之，庫結引還。
Wei's Master of Writing Kujie led five thousand cavalry to welcome King Muemo of Qin. Qin's General of the Guard Ji Bi argued that moving inland was unwise; Muemo agreed and Kujie withdrew.
121
南安諸羌萬餘人叛秦，推安南將軍、督八郡諸軍事、廣寧太守焦遺為主，遺不從，乃劫遺族子長城護軍亮為主，帥眾攻南安。 暮未請救於氐王楊難當，難當遣將軍苻南帥騎三千救之，暮末與之合擊諸羌。 諸羌潰，亮奔還廣寧，暮未進軍攻之，以手令與焦遺使取亮； 十二月遺斬亮者出降，暮末進遺號鎮國將軍。 秦略陽太守弘農楊顯以郡降夏。
More than ten thousand Qiang of Nan'an rose against Qin and tried to make General Who Pacifies the South Jiao Yi, supervisor of eight commanderies and Administrator of Guangning, their leader; when Yi refused, they seized his clansman Liang, Protector of the Army at Changcheng, and marched on Nan'an. Muemo appealed to Di King Yang Nandang, who sent General Fu Nan with three thousand cavalry; Muemo joined him in crushing the Qiang. The Qiang broke; Liang fled to Guangning; Muemo marched against him and sent Jiao Yi a handwritten order to produce Liang; In the twelfth month the man who had killed Liang surrendered; Muemo promoted Yi to General Who Pacifies the State. Qin's Lueyang Administrator Yang Xian of Hongnong surrendered his commandery to Xia.
122
辛酉，以長沙王義欣為豫州刺史，鎮壽陽。 壽陽土荒民散，城郭頹敗，盜賊公行。 義欣隨宜經理，境內安業，道不拾遺，城府完實，遂為盛籓。 芍陂久廢，義欣修治堤防，引河水入陂，溉田萬餘頃，無復旱災。
On xinyou, Prince of Changsha Yixin was appointed Governor of Yuzhou and posted at Shouyang. Shouyang was a wasteland of ruined walls and scattered people, with bandits roaming openly. Yixin governed pragmatically; order returned, lost goods went untouched on the roads, the walls and offices were rebuilt, and the region became a flourishing frontier stronghold. The long-neglected Quepi reservoir Yixin restored; he repaired the dikes, fed it with river water, irrigated more than ten thousand qing of fields, and ended the droughts.
123
丁卯，夏上谷公社干、廣陽公度洛孤出降，魏克平涼。
On dingmao, Gongshe Gan of Shanggu and Prince of Guangyang Duluo Gu surrendered; Wei captured Pingliang.
124
關中侯豆代田得奚斤、娥清等，獻於魏主。 魏主以夏主之後賜代田，命斤膝行執酒以奉代田，謂斤曰：「全汝生者，代田也。」 賜代田爵井陘侯，加散騎常侍、右衛將軍，領內都幢將。
Marquis of Guanzhong Dou Daitian captured Xi Jin, E Qing, and others and presented them to the Wei emperor. The Wei emperor gave Dou Daitian a princess of Xia and ordered Jin to kneel and serve him wine, telling Jin: "Dou Daitian is the man who saved your life. He enfeoffed Daitian as Marquis of Jingxing, made him Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry and General of the Right Guard, and appointed him Inner Capital Standard Bearer.
125
夏長安、臨晉、武功守將皆走，關中悉入於魏。 魏主留巴東公延普鎮安定，以鎮西將軍王斤鎮長安。 壬申，魏主東還，以奚斤為宰士，使負酒食以從。
The Xia garrison commanders of Chang'an, Linjin, and Wugong all fled; all of Guanzhong fell to Wei. The Wei emperor left Prince of Badong Yan Pu at Anding and posted General Who Pacifies the West Xi Jin at Chang'an. On renshen the Wei emperor headed east; he reduced Xi Jin to feast-bearer and made him carry wine and food in his train.
126
王斤驕矜不法，信用左右，調役百姓，民不堪命，南奔漢川者數千家。 魏主案治得實，斬斤以徇。
Xi Jin grew arrogant and lawless, trusting his favorites and grinding the people with levies until thousands of households fled south to Hanchuan. The Wei emperor investigated, confirmed the abuses, and had Jin executed as a warning.
127
右將軍到彥之、安北將軍王仲德皆下獄免官，袞州刺史竺靈秀坐棄軍伏誅。 上見垣護之書而善之，以為北高平太守。
General of the Right Dao Yanzhi and General Who Pacifies the North Wang Zhongde were imprisoned and dismissed; Yanzhou Governor Zhu Lingxiu was executed for abandoning his command. The emperor read Yuan Huzhi's letter with approval and made him Administrator of Northern Gaoping.
128
彥之之北伐也，甲兵資實甚盛； 乃敗還，委棄蕩盡，府藏、武庫為之空虛。 它日，上與群臣宴，有荒外降人在坐。 上問尚書庫部郎顧琛：「庫中仗猶有幾許？」 琛詭對：「有十萬人仗。」 上既問而悔之，得琛對，甚喜。 琛，和之曾孫也。
When Yanzhi marched north, his army went forth abundantly armed and supplied; yet he returned in defeat having cast everything away; the treasury and armory were left empty. One day the emperor feasted with his ministers, and a man who had surrendered from beyond the frontier was present. The emperor asked Masters of Writing Storehouse Section Attendant Gentleman Gu Chen: "How many weapons remain in the armory? Chen answered evasively: "Enough arms for a hundred thousand men. The emperor already regretted asking; Chen's answer delighted him. Chen was the great-grandson of Gu Hezhi.
129
彭城王義康與王弘並錄尚書，義康意猶怏怏，欲得揚州，形於辭旨； 以弘弟曇首居中，為上所親委，愈不悅。 弘以老病，屢乞骸骨，曇首自求吳郡，上皆不許。 義康謂人曰：』王公久病不起，神州詎宜臥治！」 曇首勸弘減府中文武之半以授義康，上聽割二千人，義康乃悅。
Prince of Pengcheng Yikang and Wang Hong shared the Secretariat; Yikang remained discontented, wanting Yang Province, and his resentment showed in his speech; and because Hong's brother Tanshou held the central post and enjoyed the emperor's personal trust, he grew all the more bitter. Hong, pleading age and illness, repeatedly asked to retire; Tanshou sought appointment in Wu Commandery; the emperor refused both. Yikang told others: "Wang Hong has been bedridden for ages—how can the heartland be run from a sickbed!" Tanshou urged Hong to transfer half his civil and military staff to Yikang; the emperor approved two thousand men, and Yikang was finally satisfied.