1
資治通鑑第122卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 122.
2
【宋紀四】起重光協洽，盡旃蒙大淵獻，凡五年。
[Song Annals 4] From Chongguang Xieqia through Zhanmeng Dayuanxian—five years in all.
3
太祖文皇帝上之下元嘉八年（ 辛未，公元四三一年）
Emperor Wen of Song, Part One (continued) — Yuanjia year 8 ( xinwei, corresponding to 431 CE)
4
春，正月，壬午朔，燕大赦，改元大興。
In spring, on the first day of the first month (renwu), Northern Yan proclaimed a general amnesty and adopted the era name Daxing.
5
丙申，檀道道濟等自清水救滑台，魏叔孫建、長孫道生拒之。 丁酉，道濟至壽張，遇魏安平公乙謝眷，道濟帥寧塑將軍王仲德、驍騎將軍段宏奮擊，大破之； 轉戰至高梁亭，斬魏濟州刺史悉煩庫結。
On bingshen, Tan Daoji and others marched from Qingshui to relieve Huating, while the Northern Wei generals Shusun Jian and Zhangsun Daosheng blocked them. On dingyou, Daoji reached Shouzhang and met the Northern Wei Prince of Anping, Yixie Juan. Leading Generals Wang Zhongde and Duan Hong, he struck hard and won a crushing victory; then fought through to Gaoliangting, where he killed the Northern Wei inspector of Jizhou, Xifan Kujie.
6
夏主擊秦將姚獻，敗之； 遂遣其叔父北平公韋伐帥眾一萬攻南安。 城中大饑，人相食。 秦侍中、征虜將軍出連輔政，侍中、右衛將軍乞伏延祚，吏部尚書乞伏跋跋，逾城奔夏； 秦王暮末窮蹙，輿櫬出降，並沮渠興國送於上邽。 秦太子司直焦楷奔廣寧，泣謂其父遺曰：「大人荷國寵靈，居籓鎮重任。 今本朝顛覆，豈得不率見眾唱大義以殄寇仇！」 遺曰：「今主上已陷賊庭，吾非愛死而忘義，顧以大兵追之，是趣絕其命也。 不如擇王族之賢者，奉以為主而伐之，庶有濟也。」 楷乃築誓眾，二旬之間，赴者萬餘人。 會遺病卒，楷不能獨舉事，亡奔河西。 二月，戊午，以尚書右僕射江夷為湘州刺史。
The Xia ruler attacked the Western Qin general Yao Xian and defeated him; He then sent his uncle, the Prince of Beiping Wei Fa, at the head of ten thousand troops to besiege Nan'an. Famine gripped the city, and people resorted to cannibalism. Western Qin's Palace Attendant and General Who Pacifies the Barbarians Chilian Fuzheng, Palace Attendant and General of the Right Guard Qifu Yanzuo, and Minister of Personnel Qifu Baba, fled over the walls to Xia; the Western Qin king Mumo, brought to bay, came out with a coffin on a carriage to surrender; he and Juqu Xingguo were sent to Shanggui. Jiao Kai, Director of Justice to the Western Qin crown prince, fled to Guangning and wept as he told his father Yi, "Father, the state has heaped honor upon you and entrusted you with a great frontier command. Our dynasty lies in ruins—how can you refuse to rally the troops at hand, raise the banner of righteousness, and destroy the foe?" Yi replied, "Our lord is already in enemy hands. It is not that I cling to life and forget my duty—but if we chase them with a large army, we will only hasten his end. Better to choose a worthy prince of the royal house, set him up as ruler, and march against the enemy—that way we may yet prevail." Kai then raised an oath-altar and rallied the people; within twenty days more than ten thousand men had gathered to him. But Yi fell ill and died, and Kai could not carry the enterprise alone; he fled west to the Hexi corridor. In the second month, on wuwu, Jiang Yi was made Right Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat and Inspector of Xiangzhou.
7
檀道濟等進至濟上，二十餘日間，前後與魏三十餘戰，道濟多捷。 軍至歷城，叔孫建等縱輕騎邀其前後，焚燒谷草。 道濟軍乏食，不能進。 由是安頡、司馬楚之等得專力攻滑台，魏主復使楚兵將軍王慧龍助之。 朱修之堅守數月，糧盡，與士卒熏鼠食之。 辛酉，魏克滑台，執修之及東郡太守申謨，虜獲萬餘人。 謨，鐘之曾孫也。
Tan Daoji and his forces advanced to the Ji River. Over more than twenty days they fought the Northern Wei more than thirty times, and Daoji won most of the battles. When the army reached Licheng, Shusun Jian and others sent light cavalry to harry them from front and rear and burned the grain and fodder. Daoji's army ran short of food and could advance no farther. This allowed An Li, Sima Chuzhi, and the others to concentrate on the siege of Huating, and the Northern Wei emperor again sent the Chu-Bing General Wang Huilong to reinforce them. Zhu Xiuzhi held out for months; when provisions ran out, he and his men smoked rats and ate them. On xinyou, Northern Wei took Huating, captured Xiuzhi and the Administrator of Dongjun Shen Mo, and seized more than ten thousand prisoners. Mo was a great-grandson of Zhong.
8
癸酉，魏主還平城，大饗，告廟，將帥及百官皆受賞，戰士賜覆十年。
On guiyou, the Northern Wei emperor returned to Pingcheng, held a great feast, reported victory to the ancestral temple, and rewarded generals and officials; common soldiers received ten years' worth of clothing.
9
於是魏南鄙大水，民多餓死。 尚書令劉絜言於魏主曰：「自頃邊寇內侵，戎車屢駕； 天贊聖明，所在克殄； 方難既平，皆蒙優錫。 而郡國之民，雖不征討，服勤農桑，以供軍國，實經世之大本，府庫之所資。 今自山以東，遍遭水害，應加哀矜，以弘覆育。」 魏主從之，復境內一歲租賦。
Meanwhile great floods struck the southern frontier of Northern Wei, and many people starved to death. Director of the Imperial Secretariat Liu Jie said to the Northern Wei emperor, "In recent times border enemies have invaded our lands, and the war-chariots have been sent out again and again; Heaven has aided Your Sacred Sagacity, and wherever you march the enemy is destroyed; now that troubles on every front have been pacified, all have received generous rewards. Yet the people of the commanderies and kingdoms, though they do not go to war, labor at farming and sericulture to supply army and state—this is the great foundation of governance and the treasury's lifeblood. Now from the mountains eastward they have suffered flood damage everywhere; they deserve added compassion and relief, to extend Your nurturing care." The emperor agreed and remitted one year's land tax and levies throughout the realm.
10
檀道濟等食盡，自歷城引還； 軍士有亡降魏者，具告之。 魏人追之，眾恟懼，將潰。 道濟夜唱籌量沙，以所餘少米覆其上。 及旦，魏軍見之，謂道濟資糧有餘，以降者為妄而斬之。 時道濟兵少，魏兵甚盛，騎士四合。 道濟命軍士皆被甲，己白服乘輿，引兵徐出。 魏人以為有伏兵，不敢逼，稍稍引退，道濟全軍而返。
Tan Daoji and his men, their provisions exhausted, withdrew from Licheng; some soldiers deserted to the Northern Wei and told them everything. The Northern Wei pursued them; the troops panicked and were on the verge of breaking. Daoji had his men measure out sand by night with counting sticks and spread the little rice that remained on top. At dawn the Northern Wei troops saw this and believed Daoji still had ample provisions; they took the deserters for liars and executed them. Daoji's force was small while the Northern Wei army was very strong, with horsemen closing in on every side. Daoji ordered every soldier into armor; he himself wore white robes and rode in an open carriage, leading the army out at an unhurried pace. The Northern Wei believed ambush troops lay in wait and did not dare press close; they gradually withdrew, and Daoji brought his entire army home safely.
11
青州刺史蕭思話聞道濟南歸，欲委鎮保險，濟南太守蕭承之固諫，不從。 丁丑，思話棄鎮奔平昌； 參軍劉振之戍下邳，聞之，亦委城走。 魏軍竟不至，而東陽積聚已為百姓所焚。 思話坐征，系尚方。
Xiao Sihua, Inspector of Qingzhou, hearing that Daoji had returned south, wished to abandon his post and fall back to safer ground; Xiao Chengzhi, Administrator of Jinan, urged him strongly not to, but Sihua would not listen. On dingchou, Sihua abandoned his post and fled to Pingchang; Liu Zhenzhi, a staff officer garrisoning Xiapi, heard of this and abandoned the city as well. The Northern Wei army never came, but the stores at Dongyang had already been burned by local people. Sihua was summoned to the capital for trial and held in the Imperial Workshops.
12
燕王立夫人慕容氏為王后。
The ruler of Northern Yan installed Lady Murong as queen.
13
庚戌，魏安頡等還平城。 魏主嘉朱修之守節，拜侍中，妻以宗女。
On gengxu, An Li and the other Northern Wei generals returned to Pingcheng. The Northern Wei emperor praised Zhu Xiuzhi's steadfast loyalty, made him Palace Attendant, and gave him an imperial clanswoman in marriage.
14
初，帝之遣到彥之也，戒之曰：「若北國兵動，先其未至，逕前入河； 若其不動，留彭城勿進。」 及安頡得宋俘，魏主始聞其言。 謂公卿曰：「卿輩前謂我用崔浩計為謬，驚怖固諫。 常勝之家，始皆自謂逾人，至於歸終，乃不能及。」
Earlier, when the emperor sent Dao Yanzhi north, he instructed him: "If the northern state moves its troops, before they arrive march straight into the Yellow River region; if they do not move, hold Pengcheng and do not advance." When An Li captured Song prisoners, the Northern Wei emperor first heard these instructions. He told the dukes and ministers, "You all said my adoption of Cui Hao's plan was mistaken and remonstrated in alarm. Those who always win begin by thinking themselves superior; only when the game ends do they find they cannot keep up."
15
司馬楚之上疏，以為諸方已平，請大舉伐宋，魏主以兵久勞，不許。 徽楚之為散騎常侍，以王慧龍為滎陽太守。
Sima Chuzhi submitted a memorial arguing that every front had been pacified and urging a major campaign against Song; the Northern Wei emperor, considering the troops long wearied, refused. He recalled Chuzhi to court as Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry and appointed Wang Huilong Administrator of Xingyang.
16
慧龍在郡十年，農戰並修，大著聲績，歸附者萬餘家。 帝縱反間於魏，云「慧龍自以功高位下，欲引宋人入寇，因執司馬楚之以叛。」 魏主聞之，賜慧龍璽書曰：「劉義隆畏將軍如虎，欲相中害，朕自知之。 風塵之言，想不足介意。」 帝復遣客呂玄伯刺之，曰：「得慧龍首，封二百戶男，賞絹千匹。」 玄伯詐為降人，求屏人有所論； 慧龍疑之，使人探其懷，得尺刀。 玄伯叩頭請死，慧龍曰：「各為其主耳。」 釋之。 左右諫曰：「宋人為謀未已，不殺玄伯，無以制將來。」 慧龍曰：「死生有命，彼亦安能害我！ 我以仁義為扞蔽，又何憂乎！」 遂捨之。
Huilong governed the commandery for ten years, developing both farming and warfare; his reputation and achievements were great, and more than ten thousand households submitted to him. The Song emperor spread disinformation in Northern Wei, saying, "Huilong, believing his merit great but his rank low, means to invite Song troops to invade and will seize Sima Chuzhi as a pretext for rebellion." When the Northern Wei emperor heard this, he sent Huilong an imperial letter bearing the seal: "Liu Yilong fears you, General, as he would a tiger and wishes to destroy you by slander—I know this myself. Rumors borne on the wind—I trust you will not take them to heart." The Song emperor again sent the agent Lü Xuanbo to assassinate him, promising, "Whoever brings me Huilong's head shall be enfeoffed as a baron of two hundred households and rewarded with a thousand bolts of silk." Xuanbo posed as a defector and asked for a private audience; Huilong grew suspicious and had someone search him, finding a foot-long knife. Xuanbo kowtowed and begged for death. Huilong said, "Each man serves his own lord—that is all." He let him go. His attendants urged, "The Song are not finished plotting; if you do not kill Xuanbo, you cannot deter those who come after." Huilong said, "Life and death are ordained by fate—how could they harm me! I take benevolence and righteousness as my shield—what is there to fear!" And he let him go.
17
夏五月，庚寅，魏主如雲中。
In summer, the fifth month, on gengyin, the Northern Wei emperor went to Yunzhong.
18
六月，乙丑，大赦。
In the sixth month, on yichou, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
19
夏主殺乞伏暮末及其宗族五百人。
The Xia ruler executed Qifu Mumo and five hundred members of his clan.
20
夏主畏魏人之逼，擁秦民十餘萬口，自治城濟河，欲擊河西王蒙遜而奪其地。 吐谷渾王慕瑰遣益州刺史慕利延、寧州刺史拾虔帥騎三萬，乘其半濟，邀擊之，執夏主定以歸，沮渠興國被創而死。 拾虔，樹洛干之子也。
Fearing pressure from the Northern Wei, the Xia ruler drove more than a hundred thousand Western Qin subjects from Zicheng across the river, intending to strike Meng Xun, King of Hexi, and seize his lands. The Tuyuhun king Murong Gui sent Inspectors Murong Liyan and Shiqian at the head of thirty thousand horsemen to strike while the Xia were half across the river; they captured the Xia ruler Ding and brought him back, and Juqu Xingguo died of his wounds. Shiqian was a son of Shulogan.
21
魏之邊吏獲柔然邏者二十餘人，魏主賜衣服而遣之，柔然悅。 閏月，乙未，柔然敕連可汗遣使詣魏，魏主厚禮之。
A Northern Wei border official captured more than twenty Rouran scouts; the emperor gave them clothing and sent them back, and the Rouran were pleased. In the intercalary month, on yiwei, the Rouran khan Chilelian sent envoys to Northern Wei, and the emperor received them with great courtesy.
22
魏主遣散騎侍郎周紹來聘，且求昏； 帝依違答之。
The Northern Wei emperor sent Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry Zhou Shao on a friendly mission and also to propose a marriage alliance; the Song emperor answered evasively.
23
荊州刺史江夏王義恭，年寢長，欲專政事，長史劉湛每裁抑之，遂與湛有隙。 帝心重湛，使人詰讓義恭，且和解之。 是時，王華、王曇首皆卒，領軍將軍殷景仁素與湛善，白帝以時賢零落，征湛為太子詹事，加給事中，共參政事。 以雍州刺史張邵代湛為撫軍長史、南蠻校尉。 頃之，邵坐在雍州營私畜聚，贓滿二百四十五萬，下廷尉，當死。 左衛將軍謝述上表，陳邵先朝舊勳，蒙優貸。 帝手詔酬納，免邵官，削爵土。 述謂其子綜曰：「主上矜邵夙誠，特加曲恕，吾所言謬會，故特見酬納耳。 若此跡宣佈，則為侵奪主恩，不可之大者也。」 使綜對前焚之。 帝后謂邵曰：「卿之獲免，謝述有力焉。」
Yigong, Prince of Jiangxia and Inspector of Jingzhou, grew older and wished to monopolize government affairs; his Chief Administrator Liu Zhan constantly checked and restrained him, and a rift opened between them. The emperor valued Zhan highly, sent someone to rebuke Yigong, and also sought to reconcile them. Wang Hua and Wang Tanshou had both died by then; Yin Jingren, General of the Palace Guard, had long been friendly with Zhan and told the emperor that the worthies of the age were dwindling; Zhan was summoned as Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent with added appointment as Palace Attendant, to join in governing. Zhang Shao, Inspector of Yongzhou, replaced Zhan as Chief Administrator of the Pacification Army and Colonel of the Southern Man. Before long Shao was charged with amassing private wealth while in Yongzhou; the bribes totaled 2,450,000 cash units, and he was sent to the Minister of Justice, for which the penalty was death. Xie Shu, General of the Left Guard, submitted a memorial arguing that Shao was a meritorious minister of the former reign and deserved lenient treatment. The emperor wrote a personal edict accepting the proposal, removed Shao from office, and stripped his title and fief. Shu told his son Zong, "The sovereign, taking pity on Shao's long-standing loyalty, especially extended gracious pardon. What I said happened to accord with his wish, and so he especially accepted my proposal. If this were made public, it would amount to stealing the sovereign's credit—a thing that must never be done." He had Zong burn the edict before him. The emperor later told Shao, "Your escape from punishment owed much to Xie Shu."
24
秋，七月，己酉，魏主如河西。
In autumn, the seventh month, on jiyou, the Northern Wei emperor went to Hexi.
25
八月，乙酉，河西王蒙遜遣子安周入待於魏。
In the eighth month, on yiyou, Meng Xun, King of Hexi, sent his son Anzhou to the Northern Wei court as hostage.
26
吐谷渾王慕瑰遣侍郎謝太寧奉表於魏，請送赫連定。 己丑，魏以慕瑰為大將軍，封西秦王。
The Tuyuhun king Murong Gui sent Gentleman-Attendant Xie Taining to present a memorial to Northern Wei requesting that Helian Ding be handed over. On jichou, Northern Wei appointed Murong Gui Grand General and enfeoffed him as King of Western Qin.
27
左僕射臨川王義慶固求解職； 甲辰，以義慶為中書令，丹陽尹如故。
Yiqing, Prince of Linchuan and Left Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat, firmly asked to be relieved of his post; on jiachen he was made Director of the Imperial Secretariat while retaining his post as Intendant of Danyang.
28
九月，癸丑，魏主還宮。 庚申，加太尉長孫嵩柱國大將軍。 以左光祿大夫崔浩為司徒，征西大將軍長孫道生為司空。 道生性清儉，一熊皮鄣泥，數十年不易。 魏主使歌工歷頌群臣曰：「智如崔浩，廉若道生。」
In the ninth month, on guichou, the Northern Wei emperor returned to the palace. On gengshen, Grand Commandant Zhangsun Song was given the additional title Pillar of State Grand General. Cui Hao, Left Grandee of Splendid Happiness, was made Minister of Education, and Zhangsun Daosheng, General Who Conquers the West, was made Minister of Works. Daosheng was by nature pure and frugal; he kept a single bear-hide mud-guard on his carriage for decades without replacing it. The emperor had singers go through the ranks praising his ministers: "Wise as Cui Hao, incorrupt as Daosheng."
29
魏主欲選使者詣河西，崔浩薦尚書李順，乃以順為太常。 拜河西王蒙遜為侍中、都督涼州、西域、羌、戎諸軍事、太傅、行征西大將軍、涼州牧、涼王，王武威、張掖、敦煌、酒泉、西海、金城、西平七郡。 冊曰：「盛衰存亡，與魏升降。 北盡窮發，南極庸、□昏，西被崑嶺，東至河曲，王實征之，以夾輔皇室。」 置將相、群卿、百官，承製假授，建天子旌旗，出入警蹕，如漢初諸侯王故事。
The emperor wished to choose an envoy to Hexi; Cui Hao recommended Director of the Imperial Secretariat Li Shun, who was appointed Grandee of Splendid Happiness. Meng Xun, King of Hexi, was made Palace Attendant, commander of all military affairs in Liangzhou, the Western Regions, Qiang, and Rong, Grand Tutor, Acting General Who Conquers the West, Governor of Liangzhou, and King of Liang, with sovereignty over Wuwei, Zhangye, Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Xihai, Jincheng, and Xiping. The investiture document read, "In rise and fall, survival and extinction, you shall rise and fall with Wei. North to Qiongfa, south to Yong and Qiong, west to the Kunlun range, east to the bends of the Yellow River—you shall campaign there to flank and support the imperial house." He might appoint generals, ministers, and officials, grant provisional appointments by imperial rescript, raise imperial banners and pennons, and go in and out with the imperial guard, following the precedent of the feudal kings at the beginning of Han.
30
壬申，魏主詔曰：「今二寇摧殄，將偃武修文，理廢職，舉逸民。 范陽盧玄、博陵崔綽、趙郡李靈、河間邢穎、勃海高允、廣平游雅、太原張偉等，皆賢俊之冑，冠冕州邦。 《易》曰：『我有好爵，吾與爾縻之。』 如玄之比者，盡敕州郡以禮發遣。」 遂征玄等及州郡所遣至者數百人，差次敘用。 崔綽以母老固辭。 玄等皆拜中書博士。 玄，諶之曾孫； 靈，順之從父兄也。
On renshen, the Northern Wei emperor issued an edict: "Now that the two enemies have been destroyed, we shall cease arms and cultivate culture, restore abolished offices, and raise reclusive worthies. Lu Xuan of Fanyang, Cui Chuo of Boling, Li Ling of Zhao, Xing Ying of Hejian, Gao Yun of Bohai, You Ya of Guangping, Zhang Wei of Taiyuan, and others are all scions of worthy talent, the ornaments of their provinces and commanderies. The Book of Changes says, 'I have fine ranks; I will bind you to them.' Men like Xuan shall all be sent forth with ceremony by their provinces and commanderies." Xuan and the others were summoned, together with several hundred men sent by the provinces and commanderies, and appointed in graded order. Cui Chuo firmly declined on the grounds that his mother was old. Xuan and the others were all made Erudites of the Secretariat. Xuan was a great-grandson of Zhen; Ling was a cousin of Shun on the father's side.
31
玄舅崔浩，每與玄言，輒歎曰：「對子真使我懷古之情更深。」 浩欲大整流品，明辨姓族。 玄止之曰：「夫創製立事，各有其時； 樂為此者，詎有幾人！ 宜加三思。」 浩不從，由是得罪於眾。
Xuan's uncle Cui Hao, whenever he spoke with Xuan, would sigh and say, "Talking with you truly deepens my longing for antiquity." Hao wished to overhaul clan rankings and clarify surnames and lineages. Xuan stopped him, saying, "Establishing institutions and founding undertakings each has its proper time; how many would delight in this! You should think thrice about it." Hao did not listen, and thereby incurred widespread displeasure.
32
初，魏昭成帝始製法令：「反逆者族。 其餘當死者聽入金、馬贖罪。 殺人者聽與死家馬牛、葬具以平之。 盜官物，一備五； 私物，一備十。」 四部大人共坐王庭決辭訟，無系訊連逮之苦，境內安之。 太祖入中原，患前代律令峻密，命三公郎王德刪定，務崇簡易。 季年被疾，刑罰濫酷； 太宗承之，吏文亦深。 冬，十月，戊寅，世祖命崔浩更定律令，除五歲、四歲刑，增一年刑； 巫蠱者，負羖羊、抱犬沉諸淵。 初令官階九品者得以官爵除刑。 婦人當刑而孕，產後百日乃決。 闕左懸登聞鼓，以達冤人。
Earlier, Emperor Zhaocheng of Northern Wei first enacted laws: "Those guilty of rebellion and treason—the clan is destroyed. For other capital offenses, the condemned might redeem guilt with gold and horses. Murderers might settle matters by giving the victim's family horses, cattle, and burial goods. Theft of government goods: restitution fivefold; private goods, tenfold." The four tribal chieftains together sat in the royal court to decide lawsuits; there was no imprisonment, interrogation, or chain arrest, and the realm was at peace. The Founding Emperor, on entering the Central Plains, found the laws of former dynasties harsh and dense; he ordered Gentleman of the Three Excellencies Wang De to revise them, striving for simplicity. In his later years he fell ill, and punishments grew excessive and cruel; Emperor Taizong inherited this, and official documents grew severe as well. In winter, the tenth month, on wuyin, Emperor Shizu ordered Cui Hao to revise the laws, abolishing the punishments of five and four years and adding the punishment of one year; those guilty of witchcraft were to bear a ram on their backs, hold a dog in their arms, and be drowned in a deep pool. For the first time it was ordained that officials of the nine ranks might commute punishment by office and title. Women due for punishment but pregnant were not sentenced until a hundred days after giving birth. To the left of the palace gate hung the Appeal-to-the-Throne drum, so that the wronged might be heard.
33
魏主如漠南，十一月，丙辰，北部敕勒莫弗庫若干帥所部數萬騎，驅鹿數百萬頭，詣魏主行在。 魏主大獵以賜從官。 十二月，丁丑，還宮。
The emperor went to the southern desert. In the eleventh month, on bingchen, the northern Tiele chieftain Kugan led tens of thousands of horsemen, driving millions of deer, to the emperor's traveling encampment. The emperor held a great hunt and bestowed the game on the attending officials. In the twelfth month, on dingchou, he returned to the palace.
34
是歲，涼王改元義和。
That year, the King of Liang changed the era name to Yihe.
35
林邑王范陽邁寇九德，交州兵擊卻之。
Fan Yangmai, King of Linyi, raided Jiude; the troops of Jiaozhou struck and drove him back.
36
太祖文皇帝上之下元嘉九年（ 壬申，公元四三二年）
Emperor Wen of Song, Part One (continued) — Yuanjia year 9 ( renshen, corresponding to 432 CE)
37
春，正月，丙午，魏主尊保太后竇氏為皇太后，立貴人赫連氏為皇后，子晃為皇太子。 大赦，改元延和。
In spring, the first month, on bingwu, the Northern Wei emperor honored Dowager Empress of Assurance Lady Dou as Empress Dowager, installed Honored Lady Helian as empress, and made his son Huang crown prince. A general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name changed to Yanhe.
38
燕王立慕容後之子王仁為太子。
The ruler of Northern Yan installed Murong Hou's son Wang Ren as crown prince.
39
三月，庚戌，衛將軍王弘進位太保，加中書監。 丁巳，征南大將軍檀道濟進位司空，還鎮尋陽。
In the third month, on gengxu, General of the Guard Wang Hong was promoted to Grand Tutor with added appointment as Supervisor of the Secretariat. On dingsi, General Who Conquers the South Tan Daoji was promoted to Minister of Works and returned to garrison Xunyang.
40
壬申，吐谷渾王慕瑰送赫連定於魏，魏人殺之。 慕瑰上表曰：「臣俘擒僭逆，獻捷王府，爵秩雖崇而士不增廓，車旗既飾而財不周賞，願垂鑒察。」 魏主下其議。 公卿以為：「慕瑰所致唯定而已，塞外之民皆為己有，而貪求無厭，不可許也。」 魏主乃詔曰：「西秦王所得金城、枹罕、隴西之地，朕即與之，乃是裂土，何須復廓。 西秦款至，綿絹隨使疏數，臨時增益，非一賜而止也。」 自是慕瑰貢使至魏者稍簡。 魏方士祁纖奏改代為萬年，以代尹為萬年尹，代令為萬年令。 崔浩曰：「昔太祖應天受命，兼稱代、魏以法殷商。 國家積德，當享年萬億，不待假名以為益也。 纖之所聞，皆非正義，復舊號。」 魏主從之。
On renshen, the Tuyuhun king Murong Gui sent Helian Ding to Northern Wei, and the Northern Wei killed him. Murong Gui submitted a memorial saying, "Your servant captured the usurper and presented the victory to the royal house. Though rank and title are lofty, my territory has not been enlarged; though chariots and banners are adorned, my wealth is insufficient for rewards. I beg Your Majesty to take note." The emperor referred it for discussion. The dukes and ministers held, "What Murong Gui presented was only Ding; the peoples beyond the passes are already his, yet he is insatiably greedy—this cannot be granted." The emperor then issued an edict: "The lands of Jincheng, Fuhan, and Longxi that the King of Western Qin received—I gave them to him at once; that was already a division of territory—why must it be enlarged again? When Western Qin shows sincere allegiance, silk and floss follow the envoys in frequent shipments, with added grants as occasion arises—not a single bestowal and no more." From this time Murong Gui's tribute envoys to Northern Wei became somewhat fewer. The Northern Wei adept Qi Xian memorialized to change Dai to Wannian, the Intendant of Dai to Intendant of Wannian, and the Magistrate of Dai to Magistrate of Wannian. Cui Hao said, "Formerly the Founding Emperor responded to Heaven and received the Mandate, using both Dai and Wei in the manner of the Yin-Shang. The state has accumulated virtue and should enjoy ten thousand myriad years—there is no need to borrow a name for added benefit. What Xian proposes is all contrary to right principle; restore the old designations." The emperor assented.
41
夏，五月，壬申，華容文昭公王弘卒。 弘明敏有思致，而輕率少威儀，性褊隘，好折辱人，人以此少之。 雖貴顯，不營財利； 及卒，家無餘業。 帝聞之，特賜錢百萬，米千斛。
In summer, the fifth month, on renshen, Wang Hong, Duke of Literary Brilliance of Huarong, died. Hong was bright and keen with thoughtful insight, but frivolous and lacking dignity; narrow-minded by nature, he liked to humiliate others, and for this people thought less of him. Though noble and eminent, he did not pursue wealth; when he died, his family had no surplus estate. When the emperor heard of it, he specially bestowed a million cash and a thousand piculs of grain.
42
魏主治兵於南郊，謀伐燕。
The Northern Wei emperor drilled troops at the southern suburb, planning to attack Yan.
43
帝遣使者趙道生聘於魏。
The Song emperor sent envoy Zhao Daosheng on a friendly mission to Northern Wei.
44
六月，戊寅，司徒、南徐州刺史彭城王義康改領揚州刺史。
In the sixth month, on wuyin, Yikang, Prince of Pengcheng, Minister of Education and Inspector of Southern Xuzhou, was reassigned as Inspector of Yangzhou.
45
詔分青州置冀州，治歷城。
An edict divided Qingzhou to establish Jizhou, with its seat at Licheng.
46
吐谷渾王慕瑰遣其司馬趙叔入貢，且來告捷。
The Tuyuhun king Murong Gui sent his Chief Administrator Zhao Shu to present tribute and report victory.
47
庚寅，魏主伐燕。 命太子晃錄尚書事，時晃才五歲。 又遣左僕射安原、建寧王崇等屯漠南以備柔然。
On gengyin, the Northern Wei emperor attacked Yan. He ordered Crown Prince Huang to record affairs of the Imperial Secretariat; Huang was then only five years old. He also sent Left Vice Director Anyuan, Prince of Jianning Chong, and others to encamp in the southern desert to guard against the Rouran.
48
辛卯，魏主遣散騎常侍鄧穎來聘。
On xinmao, the Northern Wei emperor sent Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry Deng Ying on a friendly mission.
49
乙未，以吐谷渾王慕瑰為都督西秦、河、沙三州諸軍事、征西大將軍、西秦、河二州刺史，進爵隴西王，且命慕瑰悉歸南方將士先沒於夏者，得百五十餘人。
On yiwei, Murong Gui was appointed commander of all military affairs in Western Qin, He, and Sha, General Who Conquers the West, and Inspector of Western Qin and He, with advancement to King of Longxi; he was also ordered to return all southern officers and soldiers previously lost to Xia, numbering more than a hundred and fifty.
50
又加北秦州刺史楊難當征西將軍。 難當以兄子保宗為鎮將軍，鎮宕昌； 以其子為秦州刺史，守上邽。 保宗謀襲難當，事洩，難當囚之。
Yang Nandang, Inspector of Northern Qinzhou, was also given the additional title General Who Conquers the West. Nandang appointed his nephew Baozong Garrison General to garrison Dangchang; and his son Inspector of Qinzhou to hold Shanggui. Baozong plotted to attack Nandang; when the plot leaked out, Nandang imprisoned him.
51
壬寅，以江夏王義恭為都督南袞等六州諸軍事、開府儀同三司、南袞州刺史，臨川王義慶為都督荊、雍等七州諸軍事、荊州刺史，竟陵王義宣為中書監，衡陽王義秀為南徐州刺史。 初，高祖以刑州居上流之重，土地廣遠，資實兵甲居朝廷之半，故遺詔令諸子居之。 上以義慶宗室令美，且烈武王有大功於社稷，故特用之。
On renyin, Yigong, Prince of Jiangxia, was made commander of six provinces including Southern Yan, with privilege equal to the Three Excellencies, and Inspector of Southern Yan; Yiqing, Prince of Linchuan, was made commander of seven provinces including Jing and Yong and Inspector of Jingzhou; Yixuan, Prince of Jingling, was made Supervisor of the Secretariat; and Yixiu, Prince of Hengyang, was made Inspector of Southern Xuzhou. Earlier, because Jingzhou occupied the strategic upper reaches, with broad territory and resources and armor amounting to half the court's stores, Emperor Gaozu left instructions in his testamentary edict that his sons should reside there. The present emperor, because Yiqing was of the imperial house and outstanding in excellence, and because Prince Lieuwu had great merit toward the state, especially appointed him.
52
秋，七月，己未，魏主至濡水。 庚申，遣安東將軍奚斤發幽州民及密雲丁零萬餘人，運攻具，出南道，會和龍。 魏主至遼西，燕王遣其侍御史崔聘奉牛酒犒師。 己巳，魏主至和龍。
In autumn, the seventh month, on jiwei, the Northern Wei emperor reached the Ru River. On gengshen, he sent General Who Pacifies the East Xi Jin to mobilize the people of Youzhou and more than ten thousand Dingling of Miyun, transport siege equipment, advance by the southern route, and join at Helong. When the emperor reached Liaoxi, the Yan king sent Attendant Censor Cui Pin to present cattle and wine to comfort the army. On jisi, the Northern Wei emperor reached Helong.
53
庚午，以領軍將軍殷景仁為尚書僕射，太子詹事劉湛為領軍將軍。
On gengwu, General of the Palace Guard Yin Jingren was made Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat, and Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent Liu Zhan was made General of the Palace Guard.
54
益州刺史劉道濟，粹之弟也，信任長史費謙、別駕張熙等，聚斂興利，傷政害民，立官冶，禁民鼓鑄而貴賣鐵器，商賈失業，吁嗟滿路。
Liu Daoji, Inspector of Yizhou, was a younger brother of Cui. He trusted Chief Administrator Fei Qian, Vice Director Zhang Xi, and others, who amassed wealth and pursued profit, harming government and injuring the people; they established official smelters, forbade the people to cast iron while selling ironware at high prices; merchants lost their livelihoods, and lamentation filled the roads.
55
流民許穆之，變姓名稱司馬飛龍，自雲晉室近親，往依氐王楊難當。 難當因民之怨，資飛龍以兵，使侵擾益州。 飛龍招合蜀人，得千餘人，攻殺巴興令，逐陰平太守； 道濟遣軍擊斬之。 道濟欲以五城人制氐奴、梁顯為參軍督護，費謙固執不與。 氐奴等與鄉人趙廣構扇縣人，詐言司馬殿下猶在陽泉山中，聚眾得數千人，引向廣漢； 道濟參軍程展會治中李抗之，將五百人擊之，皆敗死。 巴西人詔唐頻聚眾應之，趙廣等進攻涪城，陷之。 於是涪陵、江陽、遂寧諸郡守皆棄城走，蜀土僑、舊俱反。
The displaced person Xu Muzhi changed his name and styled himself Sima Feilong, claiming to be a close kinsman of the Jin house; he went to rely on the Di king Yang Nandang. Nandang, taking advantage of popular resentment, supplied Feilong with troops and had him harass Yizhou. Feilong gathered Shu followers, obtaining more than a thousand men; he attacked and killed the magistrate of Baxing and drove out the Administrator of Yinping; Daoji sent troops who struck and beheaded him. Daoji wished to appoint Zhinu and Liang Xian of Wucheng as military adjutants and supervisors; Fei Qian stubbornly refused. Zhinu and the others, with their fellow townsman Zhao Guang, incited the county people, falsely claiming that the Sima prince was still on Yangquan mountain; they gathered several thousand men and marched toward Guanghan; Daoji's adjutant Cheng Zhanhui and Palace Administrator Li Kangzhi led five hundred men to attack them and were all defeated and killed. Zhao Tangpin of Baxi gathered followers in response; Zhao Guang and the others advanced on Fucheng and captured it. Thereupon the administrators of Fuling, Jiangyang, Suining, and other commanderies all abandoned their cities and fled, and migrants and native residents throughout Shu rose in revolt together.
56
燕石城太守李崇等十郡降於魏。 魏主發其民三萬穿圍暫以守和龍。 崇，績之子也。
Li Chong, Administrator of Yanshi, and the governors of ten commanderies surrendered to the Northern Wei. The Northern Wei emperor mobilized thirty thousand of their people to dig entrenchments as a temporary defense of Helong. Li Chong was the son of Li Ji.
57
八月，燕王使數萬人出戰，魏昌黎公丘等擊破之，死者萬餘人。 燕尚書高紹帥萬餘家保羌胡固； 辛巳，魏主攻紹，斬之。 平東將軍賀多羅攻帶方，撫軍大將軍永昌王健攻建德，驃騎大將軍樂平王丕攻冀陽，皆拔之。 九月，乙卯，魏主引兵西還，徙營丘、成周、遼東、樂浪、帶方、玄菟六郡民三萬家於幽州。
In the eighth month, the Yan king sent tens of thousands of men out to fight; the Northern Wei Duke of Changli, Qiu, and others routed them, and more than ten thousand were killed. Northern Yan Minister of the Imperial Secretariat Gao Shao led more than ten thousand households to hold Qianghu Fort; On xinsi, the Northern Wei emperor attacked Gao Shao and beheaded him. General Who Pacifies the East He Duoluo took Daifang; General-in-Chief Who Pacifies the Army Wang Jian of Yongchang took Jiande; and General-in-Chief of Agile Cavalry the Prince of Leping, Pi, took Jiyang. In the ninth month, on yimao, the Northern Wei emperor led his army back west and relocated thirty thousand households from the six commanderies of Yingqiu, Chengdong, Liaodong, Lelang, Daifang, and Xuantu to Youzhou.
58
燕尚書郭淵勸燕王送款獻女於魏，乞為附庸。 燕王曰：「負釁在前，結忿已深，降附取死，不如守志更圖也。」
Northern Yan Minister of the Imperial Secretariat Guo Yuan urged the Yan king to submit and offer a daughter to the Northern Wei, begging to become a vassal state. The Yan king said, "We already bear guilt on our record, and enmity has sunk deep; to surrender would be to court death. Better to hold firm and look for another way."
59
魏主之圍和龍也，宿衛之士多在戰陳，行宮人少。 雲中鎮將朱受之謀與南人襲殺魏主，因入和龍，浮海南歸； 以告冠軍將軍毛修之，毛修之不從，乃止。 既而事洩，朱修之逃奔燕。 魏人數伐燕，燕王遣修之南歸求救。 修之泛海至東萊，遂還建康，拜黃門侍郎。
While the Northern Wei emperor was besieging Helong, most of the palace guard were in the battle lines, and the mobile palace was lightly manned. Zhu Shouzhi, garrison commander of Yunzhong, plotted with southerners to surprise and kill the Northern Wei emperor, then enter Helong and return south by sea; He told General Who Conquers the Enemy Mao Xiuzhi, but Mao Xiuzhi refused to go along, and the plot was abandoned. Before long the plot leaked out, and Zhu Xiuzhi fled to Northern Yan. As the Northern Wei repeatedly attacked Yan, the Yan king sent Xiuzhi south to seek aid. Xiuzhi crossed the sea to Donglai, returned to Jiankang, and was appointed Gentleman at the Yellow Gate.
60
趙廣等進攻成都，劉道濟嬰城自守。 賊眾頓聚日久，不見司馬飛龍，欲散去。 廣懼，將三千人及羽儀詣陽泉寺，詐雲迎飛龍。 至則謂道人枹罕程道養曰：「汝但自言是飛龍，則坐享富貴； 不則斷頭！」 道養惶怖許諾。 廣乃推道養為蜀王、車騎大將軍、益、梁二州牧，改元泰始，備置百官。 以道養弟道助為驃騎將軍、長沙王，鎮涪城； 趙廣、帛氐奴、梁顯及其黨張尋、嚴遐皆為將軍，奉道養還成都，眾至十餘萬，四面圍城，使人謂道濟曰：「但送費謙、張熙來，我輩自解去。」 道濟遣中兵參軍裴方明、任浪之各將千餘人出戰，皆敗還。
Zhao Guang and the others advanced on Chengdu, and Liu Daoji tightened the defenses and held the city. The rebels had camped together for a long time without seeing Sima Feilong and were ready to disperse. Guang, alarmed, led three thousand men and ceremonial guards to Yangquan Temple, falsely claiming he was going to welcome Feilong. When he arrived he said to the Daoist monk Cheng Daoyang of Baohen, "You need only declare yourself Feilong, and you will sit back and enjoy wealth and rank; otherwise I will cut off your head!" Daoyang, terrified, agreed. Guang then set up Daoyang as King of Shu, General of Chariots and Cavalry, and Governor of Yi and Liang; he changed the era name to Taishi and established a full roster of officials. He made Daoyang's younger brother Daozhu General of Agile Cavalry and Prince of Changsha, with his base at Fucheng; Zhao Guang, Bo Dinu, Liang Xian, and their followers Zhang Xun and Yan Xia were all made generals and escorted Daoyang back to Chengdu. Their force grew to more than one hundred thousand and besieged the city on all sides; they sent word to Daoji, "Just hand over Fei Qian and Zhang Xi, and we will disband and leave on our own." Daoji sent Central Army Adjutants Pei Fangming and Ren Langzhi, each leading more than a thousand men, out to fight; both were defeated and driven back.
61
冬，十一月，乙巳，魏主還平城。
In winter, the eleventh month, on yisi, the Northern Wei emperor returned to Pingcheng.
62
壬子，以少府中山甄法崇為益州刺史。
On renzi, Zhen Fachong of Zhongshan, Director of the Palace Provisionery, was appointed Inspector of Yizhou.
63
初，燕王嫡妃王氏，生長樂公崇，崇于兄弟為最長。 及即位，立慕容氏為王后，王氏不得立，又黜崇，使鎮肥如。 崇母弟廣平公朗、樂陵公邈相謂曰：「今國家將亡，人無愚智皆知之。 王復受慕容後譖，吾兄弟死無日矣！」 乃相與亡奔遼西，說崇使降魏，崇從之。 會魏主使給事郎王德招崇，十二月，己丑，崇使邈如魏，請舉郡降。 燕王聞之，使其將封羽圍崇於遼西。
Earlier, the Yan king's principal consort, Lady Wang, had borne the Duke of Changle, Chong, who was the eldest among the brothers. When he took the throne, he installed Lady Murong as queen; Lady Wang was passed over, and Chong was demoted and sent to garrison Feiru. Chong's younger brothers by the same mother, Lang, Duke of Guangping, and Miao, Duke of Leling, said to each other, "The state is about to fall, and everyone, wise or foolish, knows it. The king again listens to Empress Murong's slanders; our days are numbered!" They then fled together to Liaoxi and urged Chong to surrender to the Northern Wei; Chong agreed. Just then the Northern Wei emperor sent Attendant Wang De to win Chong over; in the twelfth month, on jichou, Chong sent Miao to Wei to offer the surrender of the whole commandery. When the Yan king heard of it, he sent his general Feng Yu to besiege Chong in Liaoxi.
64
魏主征諸名士之未仕者，州郡多逼遣之。 魏主聞之，下詔令守宰以禮申諭，任其進退，毋得逼遣。
The Northern Wei emperor summoned eminent scholars who had not yet entered office, and the provinces and commanderies largely forced them to go. When the Northern Wei emperor heard of it, he issued an edict ordering local officials to explain matters courteously and persuade them, leaving the choice to them and forbidding forced dispatch.
65
初，帝以少子紹為廬陵孝獻王嗣，以江夏王義恭子郎為營陽王嗣； 庚寅，封紹為廬陵王，郎為南豐縣王。
Earlier, the emperor had made his youngest son Shao heir to Prince Xiaoxian of Luling, and Lang, son of Yigong, Prince of Jiangxia, heir to the Prince of Yingyang; On gengyin, Shao was enfeoffed as Prince of Luling, and Lang as Prince of Nanfeng County.
66
裴方明等復出擊程道養營，破之，焚其積聚。
Pei Fangming and the others again went out, attacked Cheng Daoyang's camp, routed them, and burned their stores.
67
賊黨江陽楊孟子將千餘人屯城南，參軍梁俊之統南樓，投書說諭孟子，邀使入城見劉道濟，道濟版為主簿，剋期討賊。 趙廣知其謀，孟子懼，將所領奔晉原，晉原太守文仲興與之同拒守。 趙廣遣帛氐奴攻晉原，破之，仲興、孟子皆死。 裴方明復出擊賊，屢戰，破之，賊遂大潰； 程道養收眾得七千人，還廣漢，趙廣別將五千餘人還涪城。
The rebel Yang Mengzi of Jiangyang led more than a thousand men encamped south of the city; Adjutant Liang Junzhi, commanding the South Tower, sent a letter to win him over and invited him into the city to see Liu Daoji; Daoji appointed him Chief Secretary by written order and set a date to attack the rebels. Zhao Guang learned of the plot; Mengzi, alarmed, led his men to Jinyuan, where Administrator Wen Zhongxing joined him in holding the city. Zhao Guang sent Bo Dinu to attack Jinyuan, took the city, and both Zhongxing and Mengzi were killed. Pei Fangming again went out against the rebels; after repeated battles he broke them, and they collapsed in rout; Cheng Daoyang rallied seven thousand men and withdrew to Guanghan; Zhao Guang's detached commander led more than five thousand men back to Fucheng.
68
先是，張熙說道濟糶倉谷，故自九月末圍城至十二月，糧儲俱盡。 方明將二千人出城求食，為賊所敗，單馬獨還，賊眾復大集。 方明夜縋而上，道濟為設食，涕泣不能食。 道濟曰：「卿非大丈夫，小敗何苦！ 賊勢既衰，台兵垂至，但令卿還，何憂於賊！」 即減左右以配之。 賊於城外揚言，云「方明已死」，城中大恐。 道濟夜列炬火，出方明以示眾，眾乃安。 道濟悉出財物於北射堂，令方明募人。 時城中或傳道濟已死，莫有應者。 梁俊之說道濟遣左右給使三十餘人出外，且告之曰：「吾病小損，各聽歸家休息。」 給使既出，城中乃安，應募者日有千餘人。
Earlier, Zhang Xi had urged Daoji to sell off the granary grain, so from the end of the ninth month, when the siege began, until the twelfth month, the city's grain stores were entirely exhausted. Fangming led two thousand men out of the city to forage for food, was defeated by the rebels, and returned alone on a single horse; the rebels again gathered in force. Fangming was hauled up by rope in the night; Daoji set out food for him, but he wept and could not eat. Daoji said, "You are no true man of spirit—why grieve over a small defeat! The rebels are already weakening, and imperial troops are nearly here; I need only send you back out—what is there to fear from the rebels!" He then reduced his own attendants and reassigned them to Fangming. Outside the city the rebels spread word that Fangming was dead, and panic swept the city. Daoji lined torches by night, brought Fangming out to show the people, and the city settled. Daoji brought out all his valuables at the North Archery Hall and had Fangming recruit men. At the time some in the city spread word that Daoji was dead, and no one responded. Liang Junzhi advised Daoji to send more than thirty personal attendants and servants outside, telling them, "My illness has eased a little; each of you may go home and rest." "Once the attendants had gone out, the city settled, and more than a thousand men enlisted each day."
69
初，晉謝混尚晉陵公主。 混死，詔公主與謝氏絕婚； 公主悉以混家事委混從子弘微。 混仍世宰輔，僮僕千人，唯有二女，年數歲，弘微為之紀理生業，一錢尺帛有文簿。 九年而高祖即位，公主降號東鄉君，聽還謝氏。 入門，室宇倉廩，不異平日，田疇墾闢，有加於舊。 東鄉君歎曰：「僕射平生重此子，可謂知人； 僕射為不亡矣！」 親舊見者為之流涕。 是歲，東鄉君卒，公私鹹謂貲財宜歸二女，田宅、僮役應屬弘微。 弘微一無所取，自以私祿葬東鄉君。
Earlier, Xie Hun of Jin had married Princess Jinling. When Hun died, an edict ordered the princess to sever ties with the Xie clan; the princess entrusted all of Hun's household affairs to his clansman Hongwei. The Xie family had been chief ministers for generations, with a thousand servants; Hun left only two daughters, still only a few years old. Hongwei managed their estate for them, and every coin and foot of cloth had its written record. Nine years later Emperor Gaozu took the throne; the princess was reduced in rank to Lady of Dongxiang and permitted to return to the Xie household. When she entered the gate, the buildings and granaries were unchanged from ordinary days, and the fields under cultivation exceeded what they had been before. Lady Dongxiang sighed and said, "The Vice Director valued this boy all his life—one may truly call that knowing men; the Vice Director lives on after all!" Relatives and old friends who saw it wept. That year Lady Dongxiang died; everyone, in public and private, said the wealth should go to the two daughters and the fields, houses, and servants should belong to Hongwei. Hongwei took nothing at all and buried Lady Dongxiang out of his private salary.
70
混女夫殷睿好樗蒲，聞弘微不取財物，乃奪其妻妹及伯母、兩姑之分以還戲責。 內人皆化弘微之讓，一無所爭。 或譏之曰：「謝氏累世財產，充殷君一朝戲責。 理之不允，莫此為大。 卿視而不言，譬棄物江海以為廉耳。 設使立清名而令家內不足，亦吾所不取也。」 弘微曰：「親戚爭財，為鄙之甚。 今內人尚能無言，豈可導之使爭乎！ 分多共少，不至有乏，身死之後，豈復見關也！」
Hun's son-in-law Yin Rui was fond of gambling; hearing that Hongwei took none of the property, he seized the shares belonging to his wife's younger sister, his wife's aunt, and his two sisters-in-law to pay off gambling debts. The women of the household were all moved by Hongwei's forbearance and contested nothing. Someone mocked him, saying, "The Xie family's wealth accumulated over generations has gone to pay Lord Yin's gambling debts in a single morning. Injustice could go no further than this. You watch and say nothing, as though casting goods into river and sea counted as integrity. Even if one establishes a pure reputation while leaving the household short, that too is what I would not choose." Hongwei said, "For kinsmen to quarrel over property is the height of vulgarity. Now the women of the household can still keep silent—how could I lead them to quarrel! Whether the shares are large or small, there will be no want; after I am dead, what will it matter to me!"
71
禿髮保周自涼奔魏，魏封保周為張掖公。
Tufa Baozhou fled from Liang to the Northern Wei, which enfeoffed him as Duke of Zhangye.
72
魏李順復奉使至涼。 涼王蒙遜遣中兵校郎楊定歸謂順曰：「年衰多疾，腰髀不隨，不堪拜伏； 比三五日消息小差，當相見。」 順曰：「王之老疾，朝廷所知； 豈得自安，不見詔使！」 明日，蒙遜延順入至庭中，蒙遜箕坐隱-{几}-，無動起之狀。 順正色大言曰：「不謂此叟無禮乃至於此！ 今不憂覆而敢陵侮天地，魂魄逝矣，何用見之！」 握節將出。 涼王使定歸追止之，曰：「太常既雅恕衰疾，傳聞朝廷有不拜之詔，是以敢自安耳。」 順曰：「齊桓公九合諸侯，一匡天下，周天下賜胙，命無下拜，桓公猶不敢失臣禮，下拜登受。 今王雖功高，未如齊桓； 朝廷雖相崇重，未有不拜之詔； 而遽自偃蹇，此豈社稷之福邪！」 蒙遜乃起，拜授詔。
Li Shun of the Northern Wei again went on mission to Liang. The Liang king Mengsun sent Central Army Commandant Yang Dinggui to tell Shun, "I am aged and afflicted with many illnesses; my waist and thighs no longer obey me, and I cannot bear to bow and prostrate; in about three to five days, when my condition improves a little, I shall meet you." Shun said, "Your Majesty's age and illness are known to the court; how can you rest at ease and refuse to see the imperial envoy!" The next day Mengsun received Shun into the courtyard; Mengsun sat with legs spread, leaning on a low armrest table, with no sign of rising. Shun, with stern countenance, spoke loudly, "I did not expect this old man to be so rude as this! Now, instead of fearing ruin, you dare insult Heaven and Earth; my spirit is already gone—what use is there in meeting you!" He grasped his staff of office and was about to leave. The Liang king sent Dinggui to run after him and stop him, saying, "The Grand Master of Ceremonies has graciously forgiven my aged illness; I heard that the court had issued an edict exempting me from bowing, and therefore I dared to rest at ease." Shun said, "Duke Huan of Qi nine times assembled the feudal lords and once set the realm straight; when the Son of Heaven of Zhou granted sacrificial meat and ordered that he need not bow down, Huan still did not dare neglect the rites of a subject and descended the steps to bow and receive it on the steps. Your Majesty's merit, though high, does not match Duke Huan of Qi; though the court honors you highly, there is no edict exempting you from bowing; yet you abruptly put on arrogant airs—how can this be a blessing to the state!" Mengsun then rose, bowed, and received the edict.
73
使還，魏主問以涼事。 順曰：「蒙遜控制河右逾三十年，經涉艱難，粗識機變，綏集荒裔，群下畏服； 雖不能貽厥孫謀，猶足以終其一世。 然禮者德之輿，敬者身之基也； 蒙遜無禮，不敬，以臣觀之，不復年矣。」 魏主曰：「易世之後，何時當滅？」 順曰：「蒙遜諸子，臣略見之，皆庸才也。 如聞敦煌太守牧犍，器性粗立，繼蒙遜者，必此人也。 然比之於父，皆雲不及。 此殆天之所以資聖明也。」 魏主曰：「朕方有事東方，未暇西略。 如卿所言，不過數年之外，不為晚也。」
When the envoy returned, the Northern Wei emperor asked about affairs in Liang. Shun said, "Mengsun has controlled the lands west of the Yellow River for more than thirty years; he has passed through hardship and roughly understands shifts in circumstance; he has pacified and gathered the remote frontiers, and his subordinates fear and obey him; though he cannot bequeath plans to his descendants, he is still enough to finish out his own lifetime. Yet ritual is the carriage of virtue, and reverence is the foundation of the person; Mengsun has cast off propriety and reverence; in my judgment, he will not live out the year." The Wei ruler said, "After he passes from the scene, when will the state fall?" Shun replied, "I have had some glimpse of Mengsun's sons, and they are all undistinguished men. From what I hear, the Governor of Dunhuang, Mujian, already shows some measure of talent and character—the man who succeeds Mengsun will surely be he. Even so, everyone agrees that none of them equals their father. This is surely Heaven's way of lending strength to Your Sagely Majesty." The Wei ruler said, "I am still engaged in the east and have no time to turn westward. As you say, a few years more will not be too late."
74
初，罽賓沙門曇無讖，自雲能使鬼治病，且有秘術。 涼王蒙遜甚重之，謂之「聖人」，諸女及子婦皆往受術。 魏主聞之，使李順往征之。 蒙遜留不遣，仍殺之。 魏主由是怒涼。 蒙遜荒淫猜虐，群下苦之。
Earlier, the Gandharan monk Dharmaksema had claimed that he could summon spirits to heal the sick and that he possessed secret techniques. The King of Liang, Mengsun, held him in the highest esteem, called him "the Sage," and sent all his daughters and daughters-in-law to learn his arts. When the Wei ruler heard of this, he sent Li Shun to fetch him. Mengsun kept him and refused to release him, then put him to death. The Wei ruler was enraged at Liang on this account. Mengsun was debauched, suspicious, and cruel, and his officials and people groaned under his rule.
75
太祖文皇帝上之下元嘉十年（ 癸酉，公元四三三年）
Emperor Wen of Song, Part One (continued) — Yuanjia year 10 ( guiyou, corresponding to 433 CE)
76
春，正月，乙卯，魏主遣永昌王健督諸軍救遼西。
In spring, on yimao, the first day of the first month, the Wei ruler sent Prince Yongchang Jian to command the armies sent to relieve Liaoxi.
77
己未，大赦。
On jiwei, a general amnesty was declared.
78
丙寅，魏以樂安王范為都督秦、雍等五州諸軍事、衛大將軍、開府儀同三司、長安鎮都大將。 魏主以范年少，更選舊德平西將軍崔徽、征北大將軍雁門張黎為之副，共鎮長安。 徽，宏之弟也。 范廉恭寬惠，徽務敦大體，黎清約公平，政刑簡易，輕徭薄賦，關中遂安。
On bingyin, Wei appointed Prince Le'an Fan supervisor of military affairs for Qin, Yong, and three other provinces, Grand General of the Guard, Grand Master with Honors Equal to the Three Dukes, and commander-in-chief of the Chang'an garrison. Finding Fan still young, the Wei ruler also chose the seasoned General Who Pacifies the West Cui Hui and the General Who Conquers the North Zhang Li of Yanmen as his deputies, and together they guarded Chang'an. Hui was the younger brother of Hong. Fan was upright, respectful, generous, and humane; Hui focused on the broad principles of rule; Li was frugal, fair, and even-handed. Administration and punishments were kept simple, corvée and taxes were reduced, and Guanzhong soon settled into peace.
79
二月，庚午，魏主以馮崇為都督幽、平、東夷諸軍事、車騎大將軍、幽、平二州牧，封遼西王，隸其國尚書事，食遼西十郡，承製假授尚書、刺史、征虜已下官。
In the second month, on gengwu, the Wei ruler made Feng Chong supervisor of military affairs for You, Ping, and the Eastern Yi, General of Chariots and Cavalry, and governor of You and Ping; enfeoffed him as Prince of Liaoxi; assigned him to the secretariat of his own state; granted him the revenues of ten Liaoxi commanderies; and authorized him by imperial rescript to appoint, on a provisional basis, all officials from secretariat members and provincial inspectors down to the rank of General Who Conquers the Barbarians.
80
魏平涼休屠征西將軍金崖、羌涇州刺史狄子玉與安定鎮將延普爭權，崖、子玉舉兵攻普，不克，退保胡空谷。 魏主以虎牢鎮大將陸俟為安定鎮大將，擊崖等，皆擒之。
In the Wei pacification of Liang, the Xiutu General Who Conquers the West Jin Ya and the Qiang governor of Jingzhou Di Ziyu struggled for power with Yan Pu, the garrison commander of Anding. Ya and Ziyu raised troops to attack Pu, failed to prevail, and withdrew to defend Hukong Valley. The Wei ruler appointed Lu Si, commander of the Hulao garrison, commander of the Anding garrison, attacked Ya and his allies, and captured them all.
81
魏主征陸俟為散騎常侍，出為懷荒鎮大將，未期歲，高車諸莫弗訟俟嚴急無恩，復請前鎮將郎孤。 魏主征俟還，以孤代之。 俟既至，言於帝曰：「不過期年，郎孤必敗，高車必叛。」 帝怒，切責之，使以建業公歸第。 明年，諸莫弗果殺郎孤而叛。 帝大驚，立召俟問之曰：「卿何以知其然也？」 俟曰：「高車不知上下之禮，故臣臨之以威，制之以法，欲以漸訓導，使知分限。 而諸莫弗惡臣所為，訟臣無恩，稱孤之美。 臣以罪去，孤獲還鎮，悅其稱譽，益收名聲，專用寬恕待之。 無禮之人，易生驕慢，不過期年，無復上下，孤所不堪，必將復以法裁之。 如此，則眾心怨懟，必生禍亂矣。」 帝笑曰：「卿身雖短，思慮何長也！」 即日復以為散騎常侍。
The Wei ruler recalled Lu Si to court as Attendant Cavalier at Large, then sent him out as commander of the Huaihuang garrison. Before a year was out, the zhimo-fu of the Gaoche lodged complaints that Si was harsh and merciless, and asked that the former garrison commander Lang Gu be restored. The Wei ruler recalled Si and sent Lang Gu to replace him. When Si reached court, he told the Emperor, "Within a year Lang Gu will fail, and the Gaoche will rebel." The Emperor was furious, rebuked him sharply, and sent him home to his estate as Duke of Jianye. The next year the zhimo-fu did indeed kill Lang Gu and rise in rebellion. The Emperor was greatly alarmed and at once summoned Si, asking, "How did you know that this would happen?" Si said, "The Gaoche do not understand the proprieties of superior and inferior. I therefore met them with authority and restrained them with law, hoping by degrees to train and guide them so they would learn their proper limits. But the zhimo-fu resented my conduct, accused me of lacking kindness, and praised Lang Gu. I left under censure; Lang Gu returned to the garrison, pleased by their praise, and sought all the more to win a name for himself by treating them only with indulgence. Men without propriety easily grow arrogant. In less than a year there would no longer be any distinction of superior and inferior; what Lang Gu could not bear, he would surely try to curb again with law. When that happened, popular resentment would boil over and disaster would follow." The Emperor smiled and said, "Your body may be short, but your foresight runs long!" That same day he restored him to the post of Attendant Cavalier at Large.
82
壬午，魏主如河西，遣兼散騎常侍宋宣來聘，且為太子晃求婚； 帝依違答之。
On renwu, the Wei ruler went to Hexi and sent the concurrent Attendant Cavalier at Large Song Xuan on a diplomatic mission, also to seek a bride for Crown Prince Huang; The Emperor answered evasively, neither accepting nor refusing.
83
劉道濟卒，梁俊之、裴方明等密埋其屍於齋後，詐為道濟教命以答簽疏，雖其母、妻亦不知也。 程道養於毀金橋登壇郊天，方明將三千人出擊之，道養等大敗，退保廣漢。
Liu Daoji died. Liang Junzhi, Pei Fangming, and the others secretly buried his body behind the study and forged orders in Daoji's name to answer official documents; not even his mother and wife knew. Cheng Daoyang mounted an altar at the ruined Jin Bridge to perform the suburban sacrifice to Heaven. Fangming led three thousand men against him, routed Daoyang's forces, and drove them back to Guanghan.
84
荊州刺史臨川王義慶以巴東太守周籍之督巴西等五郡諸軍事，將二千人救成都。
The inspector of Jingzhou, Prince Linchuan Yiqing, sent the governor of Badong Zhou Jizhi to take command of military affairs in Baxi and four other commanderies, and led two thousand men to relieve Chengdu.
85
三月，亡人司馬天助降於魏，自稱晉會稽世子元顯之子； 魏人以為青、徐二州刺史、東海公。
In the third month, the fugitive Sima Tianzhu surrendered to Wei, claiming to be the son of Jin heir apparent Yuanxian of Kuaiji; Wei appointed him inspector of Qing and Xu and Duke of Donghai.
86
壬子，魏主還宮。
On renzi, the Wei ruler returned to the palace.
87
趙廣等自廣漢至郫，連營百數。 周籍之與裴方明等合兵攻郫，克之，進擊廣等於廣漢，廣等走還涪及五城。 夏，四月，戊寅，始發劉道濟喪。
Zhao Guang and his allies strung together scores of camps from Guanghan to Pi. Zhou Jizhi joined Pei Fangming and the others, attacked Pi and took it, then pressed Zhao Guang and his men at Guanghan until they fled back to Fu and Wucheng. In summer, the fourth month, on wuyin, Liu Daoji's funeral procession was at last sent forth.
88
帝聞梁、南秦二州刺史甄法護刑政不治，失氐、羌之和，乃自徒中起蕭思話為梁、南秦二州刺史。 法護，法崇之兄也。
Learning that Zhen Fahu, inspector of Liang and Southern Qin, was governing badly and had lost the goodwill of the Di and Qiang, the Emperor raised Xiao Sihua from among the convicts and made him inspector of the two provinces. Fahu was the elder brother of Fachong.
89
涼王蒙遜病甚，國人共議，以世子菩提幼弱，立菩提之兄敦煌太守牧犍為世子，加中外都督、大將軍、錄尚書事。 蒙遜卒，謚曰武宣王，廟號太祖。 牧犍即河西王位，大赦，改元永和，立子封壇為世子，加撫軍大將軍、錄尚書事，遣使請命於魏。 牧犍聰穎好學，和雅有度量，故國人立之。
The King of Liang Mengsun fell gravely ill. The people of the state debated the succession and, because the heir apparent Puti was young and weak, set up Puti's elder brother Mujian, governor of Dunhuang, as heir apparent, with the added titles of supervisor of internal and external affairs, grand general, and director of the secretariat. Mengsun died and was posthumously titled King Wuxuan, with the temple name Taizu. Mujian took the throne of Hexi, proclaimed a general amnesty, changed the era name to Yonghe, made his son Fengtan heir apparent with the added titles of General Who Pacifies the Army and director of the secretariat, and sent envoys to Wei to request formal recognition. Mujian was bright, studious, gentle, and magnanimous, and for that reason the people had chosen him.
90
先是，魏主遣李順迎武宣王女為夫人。 會卒，牧犍稱先王遺意，遣左丞宋繇送其妹興平公主於魏，拜右昭儀。
Earlier the Wei ruler had sent Li Shun to fetch King Wuxuan's daughter as his consort. Just then Mengsun died. Mujian, citing his late father's wishes, sent the Left Chancellor Song Yao to escort his younger sister Princess Xingping to Wei, where she was made Right Lady of Bright Deportment.
91
魏主謂李順曰：「卿言蒙遜死，今則驗矣； 又言牧犍立，何其妙哉！ 朕克涼州，亦當不遠。」 於是賜絹千匹，廄馬一乘，進號安西將軍，寵待彌厚，政事無鉅細，皆與之參議。
The Wei ruler said to Li Shun, "You said Mengsun would die, and now it has come true; you also said Mujian would succeed—how keen your judgment! My conquest of Liangzhou cannot be far away. Thereupon he granted him a thousand bolts of silk and one stable horse, promoted him to General Who Pacifies the West, treated him with ever greater favor, and consulted him on every matter of state, great or small."
92
遣順拜牧犍都督涼沙河三州、西域羌戎諸軍事、車騎將軍、開府儀同三司、涼州刺史、河西王，以宋繇為河西王右相。 牧犍以無功受賞，留順，上表乞安、平一號； 優詔不許。
He sent Shun to invest Mujian as supervisor of military affairs for Liang, Sha, and He, the Western Regions, and the Qiang and Rong; General of Chariots and Cavalry; Grand Master with Honors Equal to the Three Dukes; inspector of Liang; and King of Hexi, and appointed Song Yao right chancellor to the King of Hexi. Feeling he had been rewarded without merit, Mujian detained Shun and memorialized the throne asking for a title bearing the character An or Ping; A gracious edict refused his request.
93
牧犍尊敦煌劉昺為國師，親拜之，命官屬以下皆北面受業。
Mujian honored Liu Bing of Dunhuang as state master, bowed to him in person, and ordered all officials and subordinates to face north and receive instruction from him.
94
五月，己亥，魏主如山北。 林邑王范陽邁遣使入貢，求領交州； 詔答以道遠，不許。 裴方明進軍向涪城，破張尋、唐頻、擒程道助，斬嚴遐，於是趙廣等皆奔散。
In the fifth month, on jihai, the Wei ruler went north of the mountains. Fan Yangmai, king of Linyi, sent envoys with tribute and asked to be put in charge of Jiaozhou; An edict replied that the distance was too great and refused. Pei Fangming marched on Fucheng, defeated Zhang Xun and Tang Pin, captured Cheng Daozhu, beheaded Yan Xia, and Zhao Guang and the rest broke and fled.
95
六月，魏永昌王健、左僕射安原督諸軍擊和龍，將軍樓孛文別將五千騎圍凡城。 燕守將封羽以凡城降，收其三千餘家而還。 辛巳，魏人發秦、雍兵一萬，築小城於長安城內。
In the sixth month, Prince Yongchang Jian of Wei and Left Vice Director An Yuan commanded the armies against Helong, while General Lou Beiwen led five thousand cavalry in a separate force to besiege Fancheng. Yan's garrison commander Feng Yu surrendered Fancheng; the Wei forces took more than three thousand households and withdrew. On xinsi, Wei mobilized ten thousand troops from Qin and Yong and built a small inner citadel within Chang'an.
96
秋，八月，馮崇上表請說降其父，魏主不聽。
In autumn, the eighth month, Feng Chong memorialized asking leave to persuade his father to surrender; the Wei ruler refused.
97
九月，益州刺史甄法崇至成都，收費謙，誅之。 程道養、張尋將二千餘家逃入郪山，餘黨各擁眾藏竄山谷，時出為寇不絕。
In the ninth month, the inspector of Yizhou Zhen Fachong reached Chengdu, arrested Fei Qian, and put him to death. Cheng Daoyang and Zhang Xun fled into Mount Pi with more than two thousand households; the remaining rebels gathered bands and hid in the mountains, raiding from time to time without end.
98
戊午，魏主遣兼大鴻臚崔賾持節，拜氐王相難當為征南大將軍、開府儀同三司、秦、梁二州牧、南秦王。 賾，逞之子。
On wuwu, the Wei ruler sent the concurrent Grand Master of Ceremonies Cui Ze with credentials to invest the Di king Yang Nandang as General Who Conquers the South, Grand Master with Honors Equal to the Three Dukes, governor of Qin and Liang, and King of Southern Qin. Ze was the son of Cheng.
99
楊難當因蕭思話未至，甄法護將下，舉兵襲梁州，破白馬，獲晉昌太守張范，敗法護參軍魯安期等； 又攻葭萌，獲晉壽太守范延郎。 冬，十一月，丁未，法護棄城奔洋川之西城。 難當遂有漢中之地，以其司馬趙溫為梁、秦二州刺史。
Yang Nandang, taking advantage of Xiao Sihua's absence and the low morale of Zhen Fahu's troops, raised an army and struck Liangzhou. He took Baima, captured the governor of Jinchang Zhang Fan, and defeated Fahu's staff officer Lu Anqi and others; He also attacked Jiameng and captured the governor of Jinshou Fan Yanlang. In winter, the eleventh month, on dingwei, Fahu abandoned the city and fled to the western citadel of Yangchuan. Nandang thereby held Hanzhong and appointed his marshal Zhao Wen inspector of Liang and Qin.
100
甲寅，魏主還宮。
On jiayin, the Wei ruler returned to the palace.
101
十二月，己巳，魏大赦。
In the twelfth month, on jisi, Wei proclaimed a general amnesty.
102
辛未，魏主如陰山之北。
On xinwei, the Wei ruler went north of the Yin Mountains.
103
魏寧朔將軍盧玄來聘。
Lu Xuan, General of Pacifying the North of Wei, came on a diplomatic mission.
104
前秘書監謝靈運，好為山澤之遊，窮幽極險。 從者數百人，伐木開徑； 百姓驚擾，以為山賊。 會稽太守孟顗與靈運有隙，表其有異志，發兵自防。 靈運詣自陳，上以為臨川內史。 靈運游放自若，廢棄郡事，為有司所糾。 是歲，司徒遣使隨州從事鄭望生收靈運； 靈運執望生，興兵逃逸，作詩曰：「韓亡子房奮，秦帝魯連恥。」 追討，擒之。 廷尉奏靈運帥眾反叛，論正斬刑。 上愛其才，欲免官而已。 袁城王義康堅執，謂不恕。 乃降死一等，徙廣州。 久之，或告靈運令人買兵器，結健兒，欲於三江口篡取之，不果。 詔於廣州棄市。 靈運恃才放逸，多所陵忽，故及於禍。
The former director of the secretariat Xie Lingyun loved to roam mountains and wild country, seeking out the deepest recesses and the steepest peril. He went with several hundred followers, felling trees to cut paths; and the local people were thrown into alarm, taking them for mountain bandits. The governor of Kuaiji Meng Yi, who bore a grudge against Lingyun, memorialized that Lingyun harbored rebellious intent and mobilized troops to guard against him. Lingyun went to court to explain himself, and the Emperor made him administrator of Linchuan. Lingyun wandered as freely as before, neglected the affairs of the commandery, and was impeached by the responsible officials. That year the Minister over the Masses sent an envoy, and Zheng Wangsheng, a staff officer of Suizhou, was dispatched to take Lingyun into custody; Lingyun seized Wangsheng, raised troops, and fled, composing a poem: "When Han perished, Zifang rose in wrath; when Qin ruled, Lu Lian knew shame." Pursuers overtook him and captured him. The minister of justice reported that Lingyun had led men in rebellion and recommended death by decapitation under the statute. The Emperor, cherishing his talent, wished only to dismiss him from office. Prince Pengcheng Yikang held firm and said he should not be forgiven. He was therefore sentenced one degree below death and exiled to Guangzhou. Long afterward, someone reported that Lingyun had sent men to buy weapons and recruited strong youths, intending to seize him at Sanjiangkou, but the plan came to nothing. An edict ordered him executed in the marketplace at Guangzhou. Lingyun leaned on his talent, lived without restraint, and treated many with contempt—thus he brought ruin upon himself.
105
魏立徐州於外黃，以刁雍為刺史。
The Northern Wei established Xuzhou at Waihuang and appointed Diao Yong its inspector.
106
太祖文皇帝上之下元嘉十一年（ 甲戌，公元四三四年）
Emperor Wen of Song, Part One (continued) — Yuanjia year 11 ( jiaxu, corresponding to 434 CE)
107
春，正月，戊戌，燕王遣使請和於魏，魏主不許。
In spring, on wuxu of the first month, the Yan king sent envoys to sue for peace with the Northern Wei, but the Wei ruler refused.
108
楊難當以克漢中告捷於魏，送雍州流民七千家於長安。 蕭思話至襄陽，遣橫野司馬蕭承之為前驅。 承之緣道收兵，得千人，進據磝頭。 楊難當焚掠漢中，引眾西還，留趙溫守梁州； 又遣其魏興太守薛健據黃金山。 思話遣陰平太守蕭坦攻鐵城戍，拔之。
Yang Nandang reported his conquest of Hanzhong to the Northern Wei and sent seven thousand refugee families from Yongzhou to Chang'an. Xiao Sihua reached Xiangyang and sent Xiao Chengzhi, marshal under the General of Roaming Wilds, ahead as vanguard. Chengzhi gathered troops along the march, mustered a thousand men, and advanced to take Qiaotou. Yang Nandang burned and plundered Hanzhong, then withdrew west with his army, leaving Zhao Wen to hold Liangzhou; He also sent his administrator of Weixing, Xue Jian, to hold Huangjinshan. Sihua sent the administrator of Yinping, Xiao Tan, to attack the garrison at Tiecheng and took it.
109
二月，趙溫、薛健與其馮翊太守蒲甲子合攻坦營，坦擊破之，溫等退保西水。 臨川王義慶遣龍驤將軍裴方明將三千人助承之，拔黃金戍而據之。 溫棄州城，退據小城，健、甲子退保下桃城。 思話繼至，與承之共擊趙溫等，屢破之。 行參軍王靈濟別將出洋川，攻南城，拔之，擒其守將趙英。 南城空無所資，靈濟引兵還，與承之合。
In the second month, Zhao Wen, Xue Jian, and their administrator of Fengyi, Pu Jiazi, jointly attacked Tan's camp. Tan routed them, and Wen and his allies withdrew to hold Xishui. Prince Linchuan Yiqing sent General of the Flying Dragon Pei Fangming with three thousand men to aid Chengzhi. They captured the Huangjin garrison and held it. Wen abandoned the provincial seat and withdrew to a smaller city, while Jian and Jiazi fell back to hold Xiataocheng. Sihua arrived in turn and, joining Chengzhi, repeatedly defeated Zhao Wen and his allies. The acting staff officer Wang Lingji led a separate force out through Yangchuan, attacked Nancheng, took it, and captured its defending general Zhao Ying. Nancheng was empty and offered no supplies, so Lingji withdrew and rejoined Chengzhi.
110
魏主以西海公主妻柔然敕連可汗，又納其妹為夫人，遣穎川王提往逆之。 丁卯，敕連遣其異母兄禿鹿傀送妹，並獻馬二千匹。 魏主以其妹為左昭儀。 提，曜之子也。
The Wei ruler gave the Princess of the Western Sea in marriage to the Rouran khan Chilian and also took Chilian's younger sister as consort, dispatching Prince Yingchuan Ti to meet her on the road. On dingmao, Chilian sent his elder half-brother Tulu Kui to escort his sister and presented two thousand horses as well. The Wei ruler made Chilian's younger sister Left Lady of Brilliant Beauty. Ti was the son of Yao.
111
辛卯，魏主還宮； 三月，甲寅，復如河西。
On xinmao, the Wei ruler returned to the palace; In the third month, on jiayin, he again set out for Hexi.
112
楊難當遣其子和將兵與蒲甲子等共擊蕭承之，相拒四十餘日，圍承之數十重，短兵接，弓矢無所復施。 氐悉衣犀甲，戈矛所不能入。 承之斷槊長數尺，以大斧椎之，一槊輒貫數人。 氐不能當，燒營走，據大桃。 閏月，承之等追擊之，至南城，氐敗走，斬獲甚眾，悉收漢中故地，置戍於葭萌水。
Yang Nandang sent his son He with troops to join Pu Jiazi and others in attacking Xiao Chengzhi. For more than forty days the two sides faced off, Chengzhi ringed by dozens of encircling lines. Fighting closed to hand strokes, neither side could any longer use bow or arrow. The Di all wore rhinoceros-hide armor that spears and halberds could not pierce. Chengzhi cut his spears down to several feet, drove them home with a great axe, and each thrust ran through several men. The Di could not stand against him. They burned their camp and fled, making a stand at Datao. In the intercalary month, Chengzhi and his men pursued them to Nancheng. The Di were routed and fled; the dead and captured were very many. They recovered all the former territory of Hanzhong and established garrisons at Jiamengshui.
113
初，桓希既敗，氐王楊盛據漢中，梁州刺史范元之、傅歆皆治魏興，唯得魏興、上庸、新城三郡。 及索邈為刺史，乃治南城。 至是，南城為氐所焚，不可復固，蕭思話徙鎮南鄭。
Earlier, after Huan Xi was defeated, the Di king Yang Sheng held Hanzhong, while the Liangzhou inspectors Fan Yuanzhi and Fu Xin both governed from Weixing and controlled only the three commanderies of Weixing, Shangyong, and Xincheng. When Suo Miao became inspector, the seat was moved to Nancheng. By now Nancheng had been burned by the Di and could no longer be held, so Xiao Sihua moved his headquarters to Nanzheng.
114
甲戌，赫連昌叛魏西走； 丙子，河西候將格殺之。 魏人並其群弟誅之。
On jiaxu, Helian Chang rebelled against the Northern Wei and fled west; On bingzi, a frontier patrol officer in Hexi intercepted and killed him. The Northern Wei then executed him and all his brothers together.
115
己卯，魏主還宮。
On jimao, the Wei ruler returned to the palace.
116
辛巳，燕王遣尚書高顒上表稱籓，請罪於魏，乞以季女充掖庭； 魏主乃許之，征其太子王仁入朝。 燕王送魏使者於什門還平城。 什門在燕二十一年，不屈節。 魏主下詔褒稱，以比蘇武，拜治書御史，賜羊千口，帛千匹，策告宗廟，頒示天下。
On xinsi, the Yan king sent Master of Writing Gao Yong to submit a memorial professing vassalage, begging pardon from the Northern Wei and asking that his youngest daughter be sent to the inner palace; The Wei ruler agreed and summoned his crown prince Wang Ren to court. The Yan king sent the Wei envoy Yu Shenmen back to Pingcheng. Shenmen had spent twenty-one years in Yan without ever yielding his integrity. The Wei ruler issued an edict praising him and comparing him to Su Wu. Shenmen was appointed imperial censor and granted a thousand sheep and a thousand bolts of silk; the court reported the honor to the ancestral temple and proclaimed it throughout the realm.
117
戊子，休屠金當川圍魏陰密。 夏，四月，乙未，魏徵西大將軍常山王素擊之。 丁未，魏主行如河西。 壬戌，獲當川，斬之。
On wuzi, the Xiutu chieftain Jin Dangchuan besieged the Northern Wei city of Yinmi. In summer, the fourth month, on yiwei, the Northern Wei Grand General Who Conquers the West, Prince Changshan Su, attacked him. On dingwei, the Wei ruler set out for Hexi. On renxu, they captured Dangchuan and beheaded him.
118
甄法護坐委鎮，賜死於獄。 楊難當遣使奉表謝罪，帝下詔赦之。
Zhen Fahu was convicted of abandoning his post and was granted death in prison. Yang Nandang sent envoys with a memorial begging forgiveness, and the Emperor issued an edict pardoning him.
119
河西王牧犍遣使上表，告嗣位。 戊寅，詔以牧犍為都督涼、秦等四州諸軍事、征西大將軍、涼州刺史、河西王。
The Prince of Hexi Mujian sent envoys to submit a memorial announcing his succession to the throne. On wuyin, an edict appointed Mujian commander-in-chief of military affairs in Liang, Qin, and three other provinces, Grand General Who Conquers the West, inspector of Liangzhou, and Prince of Hexi.
120
六月，甲辰，魏主還宮。
In the sixth month, on jiachen, the Wei ruler returned to the palace.
121
燕王不遣太子質魏，散騎常侍劉滋諫曰：「昔劉禪有重山之險，孫皓有長江之阻，皆為晉擒。 何則？ 強弱之勢異也。 今吾弱於吳、蜀而魏強於晉，不從其欲，將有危亡之禍。 願亟遣太子，而修政事，撫百姓，收離散，賑饑窮，勸農桑，省賦役，社稷猶庶幾可保。」 燕王怒，殺之，辛亥，魏主遣撫軍大將軍永昌王健等伐燕，收其禾稼，徙民而還。
The Yan king did not send his crown prince as hostage to the Northern Wei. Regular Attendant of the Scattered Riders Liu Zi remonstrated, saying, "In the past Liu Shan had the barrier of steep mountains and Sun Hao had the Yangtze to shield him—yet both were taken by Jin. Why? Because the balance of strength was different. We are weaker now than Wu and Shu were then, while Wei is stronger than Jin was. If we refuse what they demand, ruin will follow. I beg Your Majesty to send the crown prince at once, and meanwhile govern well: comfort the people, gather the scattered, relieve hunger and destitution, encourage farming and sericulture, and lighten taxes and corvée. Then the altars of state may yet be preserved." The Yan king in anger had him killed. On xinhai, the Wei ruler dispatched Grand General Who Pacifies the Army Prince Yongchang Wang Jian and others to attack Yan. They harvested the grain, relocated the people, and withdrew.
122
秋，七月，壬午，魏主如美稷，遂至隰城，命陽平王它督諸軍擊山胡白龍於西河。 它，熙之子也。
In autumn, the seventh month, on renwu, the Wei ruler went to Meiji and on to Xicheng, ordering Prince Yangping Ta to command the armies in attacking the Shanhu chieftain Bai Long in Xihe. Ta was the son of Xi.
123
魏主輕山胡，日引數十騎登山臨視之。 白龍伏壯士十餘處掩擊之，魏主墜馬，幾為所擒。 內和行長代人陳建以身扞之，大呼奮擊，殺胡數人，身被十餘瘡，魏主乃免。
The Wei ruler held the Shanhu in contempt and each day led several dozen horsemen up the mountain to look down on them. Bai Long hid stalwart fighters in more than ten places and struck from ambush. The Wei ruler was thrown from his horse and nearly taken. Neihe Xingzhang dairen Chen Jian shielded him with his own body, shouting as he fought and killing several Hu fighters. Though he took more than a dozen wounds, the Wei ruler was spared.
124
九月，戊子，大破胡眾，斬白龍，屠其城。 冬，十月，甲午，魏人破白龍餘黨於五原，誅數千人，以其妻子賜將士。
In the ninth month, on wuzi, they routed the Hu forces, beheaded Bai Long, and put his city to the sword. In winter, the tenth month, on jiawu, the Northern Wei defeated Bai Long's remaining followers at Wuyuan, executed several thousand people, and gave their wives and children to the officers and soldiers as rewards.
125
直一月，魏主還宮。 十二月，甲辰，復如雲中。
In the eleventh month, the Wei ruler returned to the palace. In the twelfth month, on jiachen, he again set out for Yunzhong.
126
太祖文皇帝上之下元嘉十二年（ 乙亥，公元四三五年）
Emperor Wen of Song, Part One (continued) — Yuanjia year 12 ( yihai, corresponding to 435 CE)
127
春，正月，己未朔，日有食之。
In spring, on the first day of the first month (jiwei), there was a solar eclipse.
128
辛酉，大赦。
On xinyou, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
129
辛未，上祀南郊。
On xinwei, the Emperor sacrificed at the southern suburb.
130
燕王數為魏所攻，遣使詣建康稱籓奉貢。 癸酉，詔封為燕王，江南謂之黃龍國。
Repeatedly attacked by the Northern Wei, the Yan king sent envoys to Jiankang to profess vassalage and offer tribute. On guiyou, an edict enfeoffed him as King of Yan; south of the Yangtze his realm was called the Kingdom of Yellow Dragon.
131
甲申，魏大赦，改元太延。
On jiashen, the Northern Wei proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name to Taiyan.
132
有老父投書於敦煌東門，求之，不獲。 書曰：「涼王三十年若七年。」 河西王牧犍以問奉常張慎，對曰：「昔虢之將亡，神降於莘。 願殿下崇德修政，以享三十年之祚； 若盤於游田，荒於酒色，臣恐七年將有大變。」 牧犍不悅。
An old man dropped a letter at the eastern gate of Dunhuang; when men searched for him, he could not be found. The letter read, "The Prince of Liang—thirty years or seven." Prince of Hexi Mujian asked Chief Minister of Ceremonies Zhang Shen about it. Shen replied, "In olden days, when the state of Guo was about to perish, a deity descended at Shen. I hope Your Highness will exalt virtue and reform government, thereby enjoying a reign of thirty years; but if you indulge in hunting and are dissolute in wine and women, I fear that in seven years great upheaval will come." Mujian was displeased.
133
二月，丁未，魏主還宮。
In the second month, on dingwei, the Wei ruler returned to the palace.
134
三月，癸亥，燕王遣大將湯燭入貢於魏，辭以太子王仁有疾，故未之遣。
In the third month, on guihai, the Yan king sent the general Tang Zhu to present tribute to the Northern Wei, excusing himself on the grounds that Crown Prince Wang Ren was ill and therefore had not been sent.
135
領軍將軍劉湛與僕射殷景仁素善，湛之入也，景仁實引之。 湛既至，以景仁位遇本不逾己，而一旦居前，意甚憤憤； 俱被時遇，以景仁專管內任，謂為間己，猜隙漸生。 知帝信仗景仁，不可移奪，時司徒義康專秉朝權，湛嘗為義康上佐，遂委心自結，欲因宰相之力以回上意，傾黜景仁，獨當時務。
General Who Guards the Army Liu Zhan and Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat Yin Jingren had long been on good terms; when Zhan entered court, Jingren had in fact recommended him. Once Zhan arrived, he felt that Jingren's rank and favor had originally been no greater than his own, yet Jingren had suddenly moved ahead of him, and he was deeply resentful; Both enjoyed imperial favor, but because Jingren alone managed inner-court duties, Zhan took this as coming between himself and the Emperor, and suspicion and rifts gradually grew. Knowing the Emperor trusted Jingren and that this could not be changed, while Minister over the Masses Yikang then monopolized state power—and Zhan had once been Yikang's chief aide—Zhan pledged himself wholeheartedly to Yikang, hoping through the prime minister's power to turn the Emperor's mind, bring Jingren down, and hold court affairs alone.
136
夏，四月，己巳，帝加景仁中書令、中護軍，即家為府； 湛加太子詹事。 湛愈憤怒，使義康毀景仁於帝； 帝遇之益隆。 景仁對親舊歎曰：「引之令入，入便噬人！」 乃稱疾解職，表疏累上。 帝不許，使停家養病。
In summer, the fourth month, on jisi, the Emperor additionally made Jingren director of the secretariat and central protector of the army, establishing his residence as an office; Zhan was additionally made grand tutor of the heir apparent. Zhan grew still angrier and had Yikang speak ill of Jingren to the Emperor; yet the Emperor treated Jingren with ever greater favor. Jingren sighed to relatives and friends, saying, "I brought him in—and once in, he bites!" He then pleaded illness to resign and submitted memorial after memorial. The Emperor would not agree and had him remain at home to convalesce.
137
湛議遣人若劫盜者於外殺之，以為帝雖知，當有以解之，不能傷義康至親之愛。 帝微聞之，遷護軍府於西掖門外，使近宮禁，故湛謀不行。
Zhan proposed sending men disguised as robbers to kill Jingren outside, reasoning that even if the Emperor learned of it, he could offer some explanation and it would not damage Yikang's love for his close kin. The Emperor faintly heard of this and moved the Protector of the Army's headquarters outside the Western Side Gate, close to the palace precincts, so Zhan's plot could not be carried out.
138
義康僚屬及諸附麗湛者，潛相約勒，無敢歷殷氏之門。 彭城王主簿沛郡劉敬文父成，未悟其機，詣景仁求郡。 敬文遽往謝湛曰：「老父悖耄，遂就殷鐵干祿。 由敬文暗淺，上負生成，闔門慚懼，無地自處。」 唯後將軍司馬庾炳之遊二人之間，皆得其歡心，而密輸忠於朝廷。 景仁臥家不朝謁，帝常使炳之銜命往來，湛不疑也。 炳之，登之之弟也。
Yikang's staff and all who clung to Zhan secretly agreed among themselves that none would dare pass through the Yin family's gate. Liu Jingwen of Pei, chief clerk to Prince Pengcheng—his father Liu Cheng, not grasping the situation, went to Jingren to request a prefecture. Jingwen hastened to apologize to Zhan, saying, "My old father, in his senile folly, went to Yin Tie to seek an office. Through my own blindness and shallowness, I have failed the parents who gave me life; our whole household is ashamed and fearful, with nowhere to hide our faces." Only the major of the rear general Yu Bingzhi moved between the two men's circles, winning the goodwill of both while secretly reporting loyally to the court. Jingren lay ill at home and did not attend court. The Emperor often sent Bingzhi back and forth bearing orders, and Zhan suspected nothing. Bingzhi was a younger brother of Dengzhi.
139
燕王遣右衛將軍孫德來乞師。
The Northern Yan king sent General of the Right Guard Sun De to beg for military aid.
140
五月，庚申，魏主進宜都公穆壽爵為王，汝陰公長孫道生為上黨王，宜城公奚斤為恆農王，廣陵公樓伏連為廣陵王； 加壽征東大將軍。 壽辭曰：「臣祖父崇所以得效功前朝，流福於後者，由梁眷之忠也。 今眷元勳未錄，而臣獨弈世受賞，心實愧之。」 魏主悅，求眷後，得其孫，賜爵郡公。 壽，觀之子也。
In the fifth month, on gengshen, the Northern Wei emperor advanced Duke of Yidu Mu Shou to prince, Duke of Ruyin Zhangsun Daosheng to Prince of Shangdang, Duke of Yicheng Xi Jin to Prince of Hengnong, and Duke of Guangling Lou Fulian to Prince of Guangling; Shou was given the additional title General Who Conquers the East. Shou declined, saying, "The reason my grandfather Chong was able to render merit to the former dynasty and leave blessings for posterity was Liang Juan's loyalty. Now Juan's founding merit has not been recorded, while I alone receive rewards generation after generation—my heart is truly ashamed." The emperor was pleased, sought out Juan's descendants, found his grandson, and granted him the rank of Duke of a Commandery. Shou was a son of Guan.
141
龜茲、疏勒、烏孫、悅般、渴槃阤、鄯善、焉耆、車師、粟持九國入貢於魏。 魏主以漢世雖通西域，有求則卑辭而來，無求則驕慢不服。 蓋自知去中國絕遠，大兵不能至故也。 今報使往來，徒為勞費，終無所益，欲不遣使。 有司固請，以為：「九國不憚險遠，慕義入貢，不宜拒絕，以抑將來。」 乃遣使者王恩生等二十輩使西域。 恩生等始度流沙，為柔然所執，恩生所敕連可汗，持魏節不屈。 魏主聞之，切責敕連，敕連乃遣恩生等還。 竟不能達西域。
The nine states of Kucha, Shule, Wusun, Yueban, Kapisi, Shanshan, Yanqi, Cheshi, and Sute presented tribute to Northern Wei. The emperor held that although the Han dynasty had communicated with the Western Regions, when they wanted something they came with humble words, and when they wanted nothing they were arrogant and would not submit. This was because they knew themselves to be utterly distant from China and that great armies could not reach them. Now reciprocal envoys would only waste labor and expense with no benefit in the end; he wished not to send envoys. The responsible officials firmly petitioned, holding, "The nine states did not fear hardship and distance but came admiring righteousness to present tribute; they should not be refused, lest future comers be discouraged." Thereupon he sent envoys Wang Ensheng and twenty others on a mission to the Western Regions. Ensheng and the others had just crossed the drifting sands when they were seized by the Rouran; Ensheng saw Khan Chilelian and, holding the Northern Wei credentials, would not yield. When the emperor heard of it, he sternly rebuked Chilelian, and Chilelian then sent Ensheng and the others back. In the end they could not reach the Western Regions.
142
甲戌，魏主如雲中。
On jiaxu, the Northern Wei emperor went to Yunzhong.
143
六月，甲午，魏主以時和年豐，嘉瑞沓臻，詔大酺五日，遍祭百神，用答天貺。
In the sixth month, on jiawu, because the seasons were harmonious, the harvest abundant, and auspicious omens arrived in succession, the Northern Wei emperor ordered a great feast of five days and sacrifices to the hundred spirits everywhere, to respond to Heaven's gift.
144
丙午，高句麗王璉遣使入貢於魏，且請國諱。 魏主使錄帝系及諱以與之； 拜璉都督遼海諸軍事、征東將軍、遼東郡公、高句麗王。 璉，釗之曾孫也。
On bingwu, King Lian of Goguryeo sent envoys to present tribute to Northern Wei and also requested the state's taboo names. The emperor had the imperial genealogy and taboo names recorded and given to them; and appointed Lian commander of all military affairs in Liaohai, General Who Conquers the East, Duke of Liaodong Commandery, and King of Goguryeo. Lian was a great-grandson of Zhao.
145
戊申，魏主命驃騎大將軍樂平王丕、鎮東大將軍徒河屈垣等帥騎四萬伐燕。
On wushen, the emperor ordered General of Agile Cavalry Prince of Leping Pi, General Who Pacifies the East Qu Yuan of Tuhe, and others to lead forty thousand horsemen to attack Yan.
146
揚州諸郡大水，己酉，運徐、豫、南兗谷以賑之。 揚州西曹主簿沈亮建議，以為酒糜谷而不足療饑，請權禁止； 詔從之。 亮，林子之子也。
The commanderies of Yangzhou suffered great floods; on jiyou, grain from Xu, Yu, and Southern Yan was transported to relieve them. Shen Liang, Chief Clerk of the Western Section of Yangzhou, proposed that wine wasted grain and could not relieve famine, and requested a provisional ban; an edict assented. Liang was a son of Linzi.
147
秋，七月，魏主畋於稒陽。
In autumn, the seventh month, the Northern Wei emperor hunted at Fuyang.
148
己卯，魏樂平王丕等至和龍。 燕王以牛酒犒軍，獻甲三千。 屈垣責其不送侍子，掠男女六千口而還。
On jimao, Prince of Leping Pi and the other Northern Wei commanders reached Helong. The Yan king presented cattle and wine to comfort the army and offered three thousand suits of armor. Qu Yuan rebuked him for not sending a hostage prince and carried off six thousand men and women on the return march.
149
八月，丙戌，魏主如河西。 九月，甲戌，還宮。
In the eighth month, on bingxu, the Northern Wei emperor went to Hexi. In the ninth month, on jiaxu, he returned to the palace.
150
魏左僕射河間公安原，恃寵驕恣； 或告原謀為逆，冬，十月，癸卯，原坐族誅。
Left Vice Director Anyuan of Hejian relied on imperial favor and was arrogant and unrestrained; someone reported that Anyuan plotted rebellion; in winter, the tenth month, on guimao, Anyuan was executed and his clan destroyed.
151
甲辰，魏主如定州； 十一月，乙丑，如冀州； 己巳，敗於廣州； 丙子，如鄴。
On jiachen, the Northern Wei emperor went to Dingzhou; in the eleventh month, on yichou, he went to Jizhou; on jisi, he hunted at Guangzhou; on bingzi, he went to Ye.
152
魏人數伐燕，燕日危蹙，上下憂懼。 太常楊□昏復勸燕王速遣太子入侍。 燕王曰：「吾未忍為此。 若事急，且東依高麗以圖後舉。」 □昏曰：「魏舉天下以擊一隅，理無不克。 高麗無信，始雖相親，終恐為變。」 燕王不聽，密遣尚書陽伊請迎於高麗。
The Northern Wei attacked Yan again and again; Yan grew daily more desperate, and court and people alike were anxious and afraid. Grandee of Splendid Happiness Yang Hui again urged the Yan king quickly to send the crown prince to the Northern Wei court as hostage. The Yan king said, "I cannot yet bear to do this. If matters grow urgent, for the time being we shall rely on Goguryeo to the east and plan a later effort." Yang Hui said, "Northern Wei is mobilizing the whole realm to strike one corner—by reason it cannot fail to conquer. Goguryeo is faithless; though at first they seem friendly, in the end I fear they will turn against us." The Yan king would not listen and secretly sent Director of the Imperial Secretariat Yang Yi to request aid from Goguryeo.
153
丹陽尹蕭摹之上言：「佛化被於中國，已歷四代，形像塔寺，所在千數。 自頃以來，情敬浮末，不以精誠為至，更為奢競為重，材竹銅彩，糜損無極； 無關神祇，有累人事，不為之防，流遁未息。 請自今欲鑄銅像及造塔寺者，皆當列言，須報乃得為之。」 詔從之。 摹之，思話從叔也。
Xiao Mo, Intendant of Danyang, submitted a memorial: "Buddhist teaching has spread over China for four dynasties already; images, pagodas, and temples number in the thousands wherever one goes. In recent times devotional feeling has grown superficial, sincerity is no longer held supreme, and extravagant competition is prized instead; timber, bamboo, bronze, and colored ornament are wasted without limit; this does nothing for the spirits, yet burdens human affairs; if it is not checked, the drain will not cease. I request that from now on anyone wishing to cast bronze images or build pagodas and temples must report in detail and may do so only after approval." An edict assented. Mo was a cousin of Sihua on the father's side.
154
魏秦州刺史薛謹擊吐沒骨，滅之。
Xue Jin, Northern Wei inspector of Qinzhou, attacked Tumoguli and destroyed them.
155
楊難當釋楊保宗之囚，使鎮童亭。
Yang Nandang released Yang Baozong from prison and had him garrison Tongting.