1
資治通鑑第132卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 132
2
卷第一百三十二
Volume 132
3
【宋紀十四】起強圉協洽，盡上章閹茂，凡四年。
[Song Records 14] From Qiangyu Xieqia through Shangzhang Yanmao—four years in all.
4
太宗明皇帝中泰始三年（ 丁未，公元四六七年）
Third year of the Taishi reign of Emperor Ming of Northern Wei ( dingwei, 467 CE)
5
春，正月，張永等棄城夜遁。 會天大雪，泗水冰合，永等棄船步走，士卒凍死者太半，手足斷者什七八。 尉元邀其前，薛安都乘其後，大破永等於呂梁之東，死者以萬數，枕屍六十餘里，委棄軍資器械不可勝計； 永足指亦墮，與沈攸之僅以身免，梁、南秦二州刺史垣恭祖等為魏所虜。 上聞之，召蔡興宗，以敗書示之，曰：「我愧卿甚！」 永降號左將軍； 攸之免官，以貞陽公領職還屯淮陰。 由是失淮北四州及豫州淮西之地。
In spring, the first month, Zhang Yong and his colleagues abandoned the city and fled under cover of night. Heavy snow fell, the Si froze over, and Yong's men left their ships to march on foot. More than half the troops froze to death, and seven or eight in ten lost hands or feet to the cold. Wei Yuan blocked their path ahead while Xue Andu hit them from the rear and routed them east of Lüliang. Tens of thousands were killed, the dead lay heaped for more than sixty li, and abandoned supplies and arms were beyond reckoning. Yong lost his toes as well; he and Shen Youzhi barely got away alive. Yuan Gongzu, inspector of Liang and Southern Qin, and others were taken prisoner by Wei. When the emperor heard the news, he summoned Cai Xingzong, showed him the defeat report, and said, "I have failed you badly!" Zhang Yong was reduced in rank to Left General; Shen Youzhi was dismissed from office but kept his duties as Duke of Zhenyang and withdrew to camp at Huaiyin. As a result the Song lost the four prefectures north of the Huai and the Huai-western districts of Yuzhou.
6
裴子野論曰：昔齊桓矜於葵丘而九國叛，曹公不禮張松而天下分。 一失毫釐，其差遠矣。 太宗之初，威令所被，不滿百里，卒有離心，士無固色，而能開誠心，布款實，莫不感恩服德，致命效死，故西摧北蕩，寓內褰開。 既而六軍獻捷，方隅束手，天子欲賈其餘威，師出無名，長淮以北，倏忽為戎。 惜乎！ 若以向之虛懷，不驕不伐，則三叛奚為而起哉！ 高祖蟣虱生介冑，經啟疆場； 後之子孫，日蹙百里。 播獲堂構，豈雲易哉！ 魏尉元以彭城兵荒之後，公私困竭，請發冀、相、濟、兗四州粟，取張永所棄船九百艘，沿清運載，以賑新民； 魏朝從之。
Pei Ziye wrote: Once Duke Huan of Qi grew arrogant at Kuiqiu and the nine states turned against him; Cao Cao slighted Zhang Song and the empire broke apart. A single misstep no wider than a hair, and the consequences stretch far indeed. At the outset Taizong's authority extended less than a hundred li; troops were divided in loyalty and officers lacked firm resolve. Yet by opening his heart and dealing in good faith he won such gratitude and willing service that men gave their lives for him—westward he broke his foes, northward he swept them aside, and the heartland opened before him. Then his armies brought repeated victories and the borderlands were at his mercy; the emperor sought to spend his remaining prestige, but campaigns launched without just cause turned everything north of the Huai, in an instant, into enemy territory. What a pity! Had he kept his earlier humility, free of pride and boasting, what cause would the three rebellions have had to rise! The founding emperor wore lice in his mail as he carved out the realm; yet his descendants now lose a hundred li a day. To win an empire in battle and then hold it in peace—how can that be easy! After war and famine had drained Pengcheng, Wei's Wei Yuan asked that grain be levied from Ji, Xiang, Ji, and Yan, that Zhang Yong's nine hundred abandoned ships be used to haul it down the Qing, and that the supplies be used to succor the newly submitted population. The Wei court approved his plan.
7
魏東平王道符反於長安，殺副將駙馬都尉萬古真等； 丙午，司空和其奴等將殿中兵討之。 丁未，道符司馬段太陽攻道符，斬之； 以安西將軍陸真為長安鎮將以撫之。 道符，翰之子也。
Wei's Prince of Dongping, Daofu, rose in rebellion at Chang'an and killed the deputy commander, Commandant of the Horse for the Imperial Son-in-Law Wan Guzhen, and others; On bingwu the Minister of Works He Qinu and others marched with the Palace Army to suppress him. On dingwei Daofu's major Duan Taiyang attacked him and cut off his head; and General Who Pacifies the West Lu Zhen was appointed garrison commander of Chang'an to restore order. Daofu was a son of Han.
8
閏月，魏以頓丘王李峻為太宰。
In the intercalary month Wei appointed Prince of Dunqiu Li Jun Grand Preceptor.
9
沈文秀、崔道固為土人所攻，遣使乞降於魏，且請兵自救。
Under attack by local forces, Shen Wenxiu and Cui Daogu sent envoys to offer surrender to Wei and to ask for troops to rescue them.
10
二月，魏西河公石自懸瓠引兵攻汝陰太守張超，不克； 退屯陳項，議還長社，待秋擊之。 鄭羲曰：「張超蟻聚窮命，糧食已盡，不降當走，可翹足而待也。 今棄之遠去，超修城浚隍，積薪儲谷，更來恐難圖矣。」 石不從，遂還長社。
In the second month Wei's Duke of Xihe, Shi, marched from Xuanhu against Zhang Chao, administrator of Ruyin, but failed to capture the city; he withdrew to Chenxiang and proposed returning to Changshe to wait until autumn before striking again. Zheng Xi said, "Zhang Chao is cornered like ants in a nest; his grain is gone. If he does not surrender he will run—we need only wait with folded arms. If we leave him now, Chao will repair his walls, deepen his moat, and stock fuel and grain—and when we return he will be far harder to take." Shi refused and marched back to Changshe.
11
初，尋陽既平，帝遣沈文秀弟文炳以詔書諭文秀，又遣輔國將軍劉懷珍將馬步三千人與文炳偕行。 未至，值張永等敗退，懷珍還鎮山陽。 文秀攻青州刺史明僧暠，帝使懷珍帥龍驤將軍王廣之將五百騎、步卒二千人浮海救之，至東海，僧暠已退保東萊。 懷珍進據朐城，眾心兇懼，欲且保郁洲，懷珍曰：「文秀欲以青州歸索虜，計齊之士民，安肯甘心左衽邪！ 今揚兵直前，宣佈威德，諸城可飛書而下。 奈何守此不進，自為沮撓乎！」 遂進，至黔陬，文秀所署高密、平昌二郡太守棄城走。 懷珍送致文炳，達朝廷意，文秀猶不降； 百姓聞懷珍至，皆喜。 文秀所署長廣太守劉桃根將數千人戍不其城。 懷珍軍於洋水，眾謂且宜堅壁伺隙，懷珍曰：「今眾少糧竭，懸軍深入，正當以精兵速進，掩其不備耳。」 乃遣王廣之將百騎襲不其城，拔之。 文秀聞諸城皆敗，乃遣使請降； 帝復以為青州刺史。 崔道固亦請降，復以為冀州刺史。 懷珍引還。
Earlier, after Xunyang had been pacified, the emperor sent Shen Wenxiu's younger brother Wenbing with an edict to reason with him, and dispatched General Who Assists the State Liu Huaizhen with three thousand cavalry and infantry to accompany Wenbing. Before they arrived, Zhang Yong's army was beaten and driven back, and Huaizhen returned to his post at Shanyang. When Wenxiu attacked Qingzhou inspector Ming Seng'ao, the emperor ordered Huaizhen, with Dragon Cavalry General Wang Guangzhi and five hundred horse plus two thousand foot, to sail to his relief; by the time they reached Donghai, Seng'ao had already fallen back to Donglai. Huaizhen advanced and seized Qucheng, but his men were afraid and wanted to fall back to Yuzhou. He said, "Wenxiu means to hand Qingzhou to the northern invaders—do you think the people of Qi will willingly wear barbarian dress! March straight ahead, proclaim our power and justice, and the cities will surrender at the first message we send. Why sit here and hold ourselves back!" He pushed on to Qianzou, and the Gaomi and Pingchang prefects Wenxiu had appointed abandoned their cities and fled. Huaizhen sent Wenbing ahead to deliver the court's message, yet Wenxiu still refused to submit; but when the people heard Huaizhen had arrived, they rejoiced. Liu Taogen, Wenxiu's appointee as administrator of Changguang, held Bucheng with several thousand men. Huaizhen camped on the Yang River; his officers urged him to stand on the defensive and wait for an opening. He said, "We are few, our grain is gone, and we are deep in hostile country—the only course is to strike fast with elite troops while they are off guard." He sent Wang Guangzhi with a hundred horse to storm Bucheng and captured it. When Wenxiu learned that his outposts had fallen, he sent envoys to offer surrender; and the emperor restored him as inspector of Qingzhou. Cui Daogu submitted as well and was reappointed inspector of Jizhou. Huaizhen then withdrew.
12
魏濟陰王小新成卒。
Xiaoxincheng, Prince of Jiyin of Wei, died.
13
沈攸之之自彭城還也，留長水校尉王玄載守下邳，積射將軍沈韶守宿豫，睢陵、淮陽皆留兵戌之。 玄載，玄謨之從弟也。 時東平太守申纂守無鹽，幽州刺史劉休賓守梁鄒，并州刺史清河房崇吉守升城，輔國將軍清河張讜守團城，及兗州刺史王整、蘭陵太守桓忻、肥城、糜溝、垣苗等戍皆不附於魏。 休賓，乘民之兄子也。
On his return from Pengcheng, Shen Youzhi left Chief Commandant of the Chang River Wang Xuanzai at Xiapi, General of Accumulated Archery Shen Shao at Suyu, and garrisons at Suiling and Huaiyang. Xuanzai was a younger cousin of Wang Xuanmo. Shen Zuan, administrator of Dongping, held Wuyan; Liu Xiubin of Youzhou held Liangzou; Bingzhou inspector Fang Chongji of Qinghe held Shengcheng; Zhang Dan of Qinghe, General Who Assists the State, held Tuancheng; and Yanzhou inspector Wang Zheng, Lanling administrator Huan Xin, and the garrisons at Feicheng, Migou, Yuan Miao, and elsewhere still refused to submit to Wei. Xiubin was a nephew of Liu Chengmin.
14
魏遣平東將軍長孫陵等將兵赴青州，征南大將軍慕容白曜將騎五萬為之繼援。 白曜，燕太祖之玄孫也。 白曜至無鹽，欲攻之。 將佐皆以為攻具未備，不宜遽進。 左司馬范陽酈范曰：「今輕軍遠襲，深入敵境，豈宜淹緩！ 且申纂必謂我軍來速，不暇攻圍，將不為備； 今若出其不意，可一鼓而克。」 白曜曰：「司馬策是也。」 乃引兵偽退。 申纂不復設備，白曜夜中部分，三月，甲寅旦，攻城，食時，克之； 纂走，追擒，殺之。 白曜欲盡以無鹽人為軍賞，酈范曰：「齊，形勝之地，宜遠為經略。 今王師始入其境，人心未洽，連城相望，鹹有拒守之志，苟非以德信懷之，未易平也。」 白曜曰：「善！」 皆免之。
Wei dispatched General Who Pacifies the East Changsun Ling and others toward Qingzhou, with General-in-Chief Who Conquers the South Murong Baiyao and fifty thousand horse as reinforcements. Baiyao was a great-great-grandson of the founding emperor of Yan. When Baiyao reached Wuyan he intended to assault it at once. His officers argued that siege equipment was not ready and that a hasty advance was unwise. Left Major Li Fan of Fanyang said, "We are a light force on a deep raid into enemy country—how can we afford to linger! Shen Zuan will assume we came too fast to mount a siege and will leave his defenses slack; strike now by surprise and we can take the city in a single assault." Baiyao said, "The Major is right." He marched away as if in retreat. Zuan let his guard down. Baiyao divided his forces in the night; on jiayin at dawn in the third month he assaulted the walls and had the city by midmorning; Zuan fled, was overtaken, captured, and executed. Baiyao wanted to hand over the entire population of Wuyan as booty to his troops. Li Fan said, "Qi is a land of strategic strength; we must think in terms of long-term conquest. Our army has only just entered; the people are not yet won over; city after city still means to resist. Unless we win them with virtue and trust, pacification will not come easily." Baiyao said, "Well said!" He spared them all.
15
白曜將攻肥城，酈范曰：「肥城雖小，攻之引日，勝之不能益軍勢，不勝足以挫軍威。 彼見無鹽之破，死傷塗地，不敢不懼； 若飛書告諭，縱使不降，亦當逃散。」 白曜從之，肥城果潰，獲粟三十萬斛。 白曜謂范曰：「此行得卿，三齊不足定也。」 遂取垣苗、麋溝二戍。 一旬中連拔四城，威震齊土。
As Baiyao prepared to attack Feicheng, Li Fan said, "Feicheng is small, but a siege will drag on; victory there will not strengthen our momentum, and defeat would shame the army. They have seen Wuyan fall and the ground strewn with dead—they will be terrified; send a proclamation and even if they do not surrender they will flee." Baiyao took his advice; Feicheng collapsed, and they seized three hundred thousand hu of grain. Baiyao told Fan, "With you on this campaign, the Three Qi will not be hard to subdue." He then took the garrisons at Yuan Miao and Migou. Within ten days he captured four cities in a row, and his fame shook all Qi.
16
丙子，以尚書左僕射蔡興守為郢州刺史。
On bingzi Cai Xingshou, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, was appointed inspector of Yingzhou.
17
房崇吉守升城，勝兵者不過七百人。 慕容白曜築長圍以攻之，自二月至於夏四月，乃克之。 白曜忿其不降，欲盡坑城中人，參軍事昌黎韓麒麟諫曰：「今勍敵在前而坑其民，自此以東，諸城人自為守，不可克也。 師老糧盡，外寇乘之，此危道也。」 白曜乃慰撫其民，各使復業。
Fang Chongji defended Shengcheng with no more than seven hundred fit troops. Murong Baiyao invested it with a long siege; from the second month until the fourth month of summer he finally took the city. Angry at their refusal to submit, Baiyao meant to slaughter every soul in the city. Staff officer Han Qilin of Changli objected: "With strong foes still ahead, massacring these people will make every city east of here fight to the last man. Our army will tire, our grain run out, and outside enemies will strike—that is the road to ruin." Baiyao relented, comforted the people, and let them return to their livelihoods.
18
崇吉脫身走。 崇吉母傅氏，申纂妻賈氏，與濟州刺史盧度世有中表親，然已疏遠。 及為魏所虜，度世奉事甚恭，贍給優厚。 度世閨門之內，和而有禮。 雖世有屯夷，家有貧富，百口怡怡，豐儉同之。
Chongji slipped away and escaped. Chongji's mother Lady Fu and Shen Zuan's wife Lady Jia were cousins by marriage of Jizhou inspector Lu Dushi, though the families had long been estranged. After they were taken by Wei, Dushi treated them with great respect and supported them generously. Within his household harmony and courtesy prevailed. Though the times were harsh and households differed in wealth, his clan of a hundred souls lived in contentment, sharing alike in plenty and want.
19
崔道固閉門抿魏。 沈文秀遣使迎降於魏，請兵援接。 白曜欲遣兵赴之，酈范曰：「文秀室家墳墓皆在江南，擁兵數萬，城固甲堅。 強則拒戰，屈則遁去。 我師未逼其城，無朝夕之急，何所畏忌，而遽求援軍！ 且觀其使者，視下而色愧，語煩而志怯。 此必挾詐以誘我，不可從也。 不若先取歷城，克盤陽，下梁鄒，平樂陵，然後按兵徐進，不患其不服也。」 白曜曰； 「崔道固等兵力單弱，不敢出戰； 吾通行無礙，直抵東陽，彼自知必亡，故望風求服，夫又何疑！」 范曰：「歷城兵多糧足，非朝夕可拔。 文秀坐據東陽，為諸城根本。 今多遣兵則無以攻歷城，少遣兵則不足以制東陽； 若進為文秀所拒，退為諸城所邀，腹背受敵，必無全理。 願更審計，無墮賊彀中。」 白曜乃止。 文秀果不降。
Cui Daogu shut his gates and held out against Wei. Shen Wenxiu sent envoys to offer surrender to Wei and to ask for reinforcements. Baiyao wanted to send troops to their aid. Li Fan said, "Wenxiu's family and ancestral graves lie south of the Yangtze; he commands tens of thousands of men behind strong walls and stout armor. While he is strong he will fight; if pressed he will flee. Our army has not yet threatened his walls; he faces no immediate peril—what has he to fear that he rushes to beg for reinforcements! Watch his envoys: their eyes are downcast, their faces ashamed; their words are many and their spirit faint. This is surely a ruse to lure us—we must not heed it. Better to take Licheng first, capture Panyang, reduce Liangzou, pacify Leling, and only then advance at leisure—then we need not fear that they will refuse to submit." Baiyao said, "Cui Daogu and the rest are too weak to dare give battle; Our march is unblocked—we can strike straight for Dongyang. They know they are doomed and come begging at the first rumor of our approach—what is there to doubt!" Li Fan replied, "Licheng is strong in men and grain and cannot be taken overnight. Wenxiu holds Dongyang as the anchor of all these cities. Send a large force and we cannot take Licheng; send a small one and we cannot hold Dongyang in check; if we advance and Wenxiu blocks us, then retreat and the other cities cut us off, we will be caught front and rear with no hope of escape. Please reconsider and do not walk into their trap." Baiyao held back. Wenxiu, as Fan had predicted, did not submit.
20
魏尉元上表稱：「彭城賊之要籓，不有重兵積粟，則不可固守； 若資儲既廣，雖劉彧師徒悉起，不敢窺淮北之地。」 又言：「若賊向彭城，必由清、泗過宿豫，歷下邳； 趨青州，亦由下邳、沂水經東安。 此數者，皆為賊用師之要。 今若先定下邳，平宿豫，鎮淮陽，戍東安，則青、冀諸鎮可不攻而克； 若四城不服，青、冀雖拔，百姓狼顧，猶懷僥倖之心。 臣愚以為，宜釋青、冀之師，先定東南之地，斷劉彧北顧之意，絕愚民南望之心； 夏水雖盛，無津途可由，冬路雖通，無高城可固。 如此，則淮北自舉，暫勞永逸。 兵貴神速，久則生變，若天雨既降，彼或因水通，運糧益眾，規為進取，恐近淮之民翻然改圖，青、冀二州猝未可拔也。」
Wei's Wei Yuan memorialized: "Pengcheng is the enemy's key stronghold; without a large garrison and stored grain it cannot be held; once our supplies are ample, even if Liu Yu musters every soldier he has, he will not dare look north of the Huai again." He added, "If the enemy marches on Pengcheng he must pass Suqian along the Qing and Si and come by Xiapi; and if he aims for Qingzhou he will likewise go from Xiapi along the Yi through Dong'an. All these are vital lines for the enemy's armies. If we first take Xiapi, pacify Suqian, hold Huaiyang, and garrison Dong'an, the Qing and Ji strongholds will fall without a fight; if those four cities hold out, even after Qing and Ji are taken the people will look over their shoulders and still hope for rescue. I believe we should leave off Qing and Ji for now, secure the southeast first, break Liu Yu's hope of looking north, and cut off the common people's longing for the south; in summer the rivers run high and there is no crossing; in winter the roads are open but there are no strong walls to shelter them. Then the Huai north will submit of itself—brief effort, lasting gain. War favors speed; delay breeds trouble. Once the rains come they may use the waterways, bring up grain and reinforcements, and strike back—I fear the Huai-border people will turn on us, and Qing and Ji will not fall quickly."
21
五月，壬戌，以太子詹事袁粲為尚書右僕射。
In the fifth month, on renxu, Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent Yuan Can was appointed Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
22
沈攸之自送運米至下邳，魏人遣清、泗間人詐攸之云：「薛安都欲降，求軍迎接。」 軍副吳喜請遣千人赴之，攸之不許。 既而來者益多，喜固請不已，攸之乃集來者告之曰：「君諸人既有誠心，若能與薛徐州子弟俱來者，皆即假君以本鄉縣，唯意所欲； 如其不爾，無為空勞往還。」 自是一去不返。 攸之使軍主彭城陳顯達將千人助戍下邳而還。
Shen Youzhi personally convoyed grain to Xiapi. Wei agents from the Qing-Si region told him falsely that Xue Andu wished to surrender and begged for troops to escort him." Deputy commander Wu Xi asked to send a thousand men; Youzhi refused. More messengers kept coming and Xi pressed hard. Youzhi assembled them and said, "If you are sincere, bring the sons and brothers of Xue of Xuzhou with you and I will grant each of you his home district as you desire; otherwise do not waste your time running back and forth." After that not one came back. Youzhi left army commander Chen Xianda of Pengcheng with a thousand men to reinforce Xiapi and marched back.
23
薛安都子伯令亡命梁、雍之間，聚黨數千人，攻陷郡縣。 秋，七月，雍州刺史巴陵王休若遣南陽太守張敬兒等擊斬之。
Xue Andu's son Boling fled into the Liang and Yong region, raised several thousand followers, and overran districts and counties. In autumn, the seventh month, Yongzhou inspector Prince of Baling Xiuruo sent Nanyang administrator Zhang Jinger and others to attack and kill him.
24
上復遣中領軍沈攸之等擊彭城。 攸之以為清、泗方涸，糧運不繼，固執以為不可。 使者七返，上怒，強遣之。 八月，壬寅，以攸之行南兗州刺史，將兵北出； 使行徐州事蕭道成將千人鎮淮陰。 道成收養豪俊，賓客始盛。
The emperor again dispatched Central Army Commander Shen Youzhi and others against Pengcheng. Youzhi argued that the Qing and Si were drying up, grain could not be supplied, and the campaign was impossible. His envoys came back seven times; the emperor grew furious and ordered him out by force. In the eighth month, on renyin, Youzhi was appointed acting inspector of Southern Yanzhou and marched north; and Xiao Daocheng, acting administrator of Xuzhou, was sent with a thousand men to hold Huaiyin. Daocheng began gathering bold and able men, and his following of clients grew.
25
魏之入彭城也，垣崇祖將部曲奔朐山，據之，遣使來降； 蕭道成以為朐山戍主。 朐山濱海孤絕，人情未安，崇祖浮舟水側，欲有急則逃入海。 魏東徐州刺史成固公戍固城，崇祖部將有罪，亡降魏。 成固公遣步騎二萬襲朐山，去城二十里； 崇祖方出送客，城中人驚懼，皆下船欲去。 崇祖還，謂腹心曰：「虜非有宿謀，承叛者之言而來耳，易誑也。 今得百餘人還，事必濟矣。 但人情一駭，不可斂集，卿等可亟去此一里外，大呼而來云：『艾塘義人已得破虜，須戍軍速往，相助逐之。』」 舟中人果喜，爭上岸。 崇祖引入，據城； 遣羸弱入島，人持兩炬火，登山鼓噪。 魏參騎以為軍備甚盛，乃退。 上以崇祖為北琅邪、蘭陵二郡太守。
When Wei took Pengcheng, Yuan Chongzu led his household troops to Qushan, seized it, and sent envoys to submit; Xiao Daocheng appointed him commandant of Qushan. Qushan stood alone on the coast and the people were uneasy; Chongzu kept boats moored offshore so that in an emergency he could escape by sea. Wei's Eastern Xuzhou inspector Duke Cheng held Gucheng. One of Chongzu's officers who had committed a crime defected to Wei. Duke Cheng sent twenty thousand infantry and cavalry against Qushan, halting twenty li from the walls; Chongzu was seeing a guest off when panic spread through the city and everyone rushed for the boats. Chongzu came back and told his confidants, "The enemy have no real plan—they came on the defector's word and can be fooled. Bring back a hundred men and we can still win. But panic cannot be rallied at once—go a li beyond the walls, come back shouting that the men of Aitang have already routed the barbarians and the garrison must hurry to help pursue them.' The men on the boats rejoiced and scrambled ashore. Chongzu brought them inside and held the walls; sent the weaker men to an islet, each with two torches, to climb the heights and beat drums and shout. The Wei scouts thought a great host was at hand and withdrew. The emperor appointed Chongzu administrator of Northern Langye and Lanling.
26
垣榮祖亦自彭城奔朐山，以奉使不效，畏罪不敢出，往依蕭道成於淮陰。 榮祖少學騎射，或謂之曰：「武事可畏，何不學書！」 榮祖曰：「昔曹公父子上馬橫槊，下馬談詠，此於天下，可不負飲食矣。 君輩無自全之伎，何異犬羊乎！」 劉善明從弟僧副將部曲二千人，避魏居海島，道成亦召而撫之。
Yuan Rongzu also fled from Pengcheng to Qushan; his mission had failed and fearing punishment he did not dare show himself, and went to join Xiao Daocheng at Huaiyin. Rongzu had trained in riding and archery from youth; someone said to him, "War is a grim trade—why not study the classics!" Rongzu replied, "Cao Cao and his sons could mount with spear in hand and dismount to recite poetry—that was enough to earn their bread under heaven. You have no skill to save yourselves—you might as well be sheep!" Liu Shanming's cousin Sengfu led two thousand household troops, took refuge from Wei on a coastal islet, and Daocheng summoned and comforted him as well.
27
魏於天宮寺作大像，高四十三尺，用銅十萬斤，黃金六百斤。
Wei cast a great Buddha at the Temple of the Heavenly Palace, forty-three chi tall, using one hundred thousand jin of copper and six hundred jin of gold.
28
魏尉元遣孔伯恭帥步騎一萬拒沈攸之，又以攸之前敗所喪士卒瘃墮膝行者悉還攸之，以沮其氣。 上尋悔遣攸之等，復召使還。 攸之至焦墟，去下邳五十餘里，陳顯達引兵迎攸之至睢清口，伯恭擊破之。 攸之引兵退，伯恭追擊之，攸之大敗，龍驤將軍姜彥之等戰沒。 攸之創重，入保顯達營； 丁酉夜，眾潰，攸之輕騎南走，委棄軍資器械以萬計，還屯淮陰。 尉元以書諭徐州刺史王玄載，玄載棄下邳走，魏以隴西辛紹先為下邳太守。 紹先不尚苛察，務舉大綱，教民治生禦寇而已； 由是下邳安之。
Wei's Wei Yuan sent Kong Bogong with ten thousand foot and horse to block Shen Youzhi, and returned to him every soldier crippled by frostbite from his earlier defeat—to break his morale. The emperor soon regretted dispatching Youzhi and recalled him. Youzhi reached Jiaoxu, fifty-odd li from Xiapi; Chen Xianda marched to meet him at Suiqingkou, and Bogong routed them. Youzhi withdrew; Bogong pursued and crushed him. Dragon Cavalry General Jiang Yanzhi and others were killed. Badly wounded, Youzhi took refuge in Xianda's camp; that night on dingyou the army broke; Youzhi fled south with a light escort, leaving tens of thousands of weapons and supplies behind, and withdrew to Huaiyin. Wei Yuan wrote to Xuzhou inspector Wang Xuanzai, who abandoned Xiapi and fled. Wei appointed Xin Shaoxian of Longxi as administrator of Xiapi. Shaoxian was no stickler for petty rules; he laid down broad principles, taught the people to make a living and guard against raiders, and nothing more; and so Xiapi was pacified.
29
孔伯恭進攻宿豫，宿豫戍將魯僧遵亦棄城走。 魏將孔大恆等將千騎南攻淮陽，淮陽太守崔武仲焚城走。
Kong Bogong attacked Suqian, and its garrison commander Lu Sengzun fled as well. Wei generals Kong Daheng and others led a thousand horse south against Huaiyang; administrator Cui Wuzhong burned the city and fled.
30
慕容白曜進屯瑕丘。 崔道固之未降也，綏邊將軍房法壽為王玄邈司馬，屢破道固軍，歷城人畏之。 及道固降，皆罷兵。 道固畏法壽扇動百姓，迫遣法壽使還建康。 會從弟崇吉自升城來，以母妻為魏所獲，謀於法壽。 法壽雅不欲南行，怨道固迫之。 時道固遣兼治中房靈賓督清河、廣川二郡事，戍磐陽，法壽乃與崇吉謀襲磐陽，據之，降於慕容白曜，以贖崇吉母妻。 道固遣兵攻之，白曜自瑕丘遣將軍長孫觀救磐陽，道固兵退。 白曜表冠軍將軍韓麒麟與法壽對為冀州刺史，以法壽從弟靈民、思順、靈悅、伯憐、伯玉、叔玉、思安、幼安等八人皆為郡守。
Murong Baiyao advanced and camped at Xiaqiu. Before Cui Daogu submitted, Border-Pacifying General Fang Fashou, as Wang Xuanmiao's major, had repeatedly beaten Daogu's forces, and the people of Licheng stood in awe of him. When Daogu surrendered, the militias were disbanded. Daogu feared Fashou would rouse the populace and forced him to go to Jiankang. His cousin Chongji arrived from Shengcheng; his mother and wife had been taken by Wei, and he plotted with Fashou. Fashou had never wanted to go south and resented Daogu for pushing him. Daogu had sent concurrent Supervisor Fang Lingbin to oversee Qinghe and Guangchuan and garrison Panyang. Fashou and Chongji seized Panyang by surprise, held it, and surrendered to Murong Baiyao to ransom Chongji's family. Daogu sent troops against them; Baiyao dispatched General Changsun Guan from Xiaqiu to relieve Panyang, and Daogu's men withdrew. Baiyao recommended that General Who Conquers Champions Han Qilin and Fashou serve jointly as inspectors of Jizhou, and appointed eight of Fashou's cousins—Lingmin, Sishun, Lingyue, Bolian, Boyu, Shuyu, Si'an, and You'an—as commandery administrators.
31
白曜自瑕丘引兵攻崔道固於歷城，遣平東將軍長孫陵等攻沈文秀於東陽。 道固拒守不降，白曜築長圍守之。 陵等至東陽，文秀請降； 陵等入其西郭，縱士卒暴掠。 文秀悔怒，閉城拒守，擊陵等，破之。 陵等退屯清西，屢進攻城，不克。
Baiyao marched from Xiaqiu against Cui Daogu at Licheng and sent General Who Pacifies the East Changsun Ling and others against Shen Wenxiu at Dongyang. Daogu held out; Baiyao invested the city with a long siege. Ling reached Dongyang and Wenxiu offered to surrender; Ling entered the western suburb and let his men loot at will. Wenxiu, furious at the looting, shut the gates, fought back, and routed Ling. Ling withdrew west of Qing and assaulted the city again and again without success.
32
癸卯，大赦。
On guimao a general amnesty was proclaimed.
33
戊申，魏主李夫人生子宏。 夫人，惠之女也。 馮太后自撫養宏； 頃之，還政於魏主。 魏主始親國事，勤於為治，賞罰嚴明，拔清節，黜貪污，於是魏之牧守始有以廉潔著聞者。
On wushen Lady Li, consort of the Wei emperor, bore a son named Hong. Lady Li was a daughter of Li Hui. Empress Dowager Feng raised the child herself; and soon restored rule to the Wei emperor. The Wei emperor now took up state affairs in person, governed diligently, rewarded and punished without favor, promoted the upright and removed the corrupt—and for the first time Wei's provincial officials became known for integrity.
34
太中大夫徐爰，自太祖時用事，素不禮於上。 上銜之，詔數其奸佞之罪，徙交州。
Grandee of Splendid Happiness Xu Ai had held power since the founding emperor's day and had never shown the present emperor proper respect. The emperor resented him, issued an edict listing his crimes of treachery and flattery, and exiled him to Jiaozhou.
35
冬，十月，辛巳，詔徙義陽王昶為晉熙王，使員外郎李豐以金千兩贖昶於魏。 魏人弗許，使昶與上書，為兄弟之儀。 上責其不稱臣，不答。 魏主復使昶與上書，昶辭曰：「臣本實彧兄，未經為臣。 若改前書，事為二敬； 敬或不改，彼所不納。 臣不敢奉詔。」 乃止。 魏人愛重昶，凡三尚公主。
In winter, the tenth month, on xinsi an edict transferred Prince of Yiyang Chang to the title Prince of Jinxi and sent staff officer Li Feng with a thousand liang of gold to ransom him from Wei. Wei refused and had Chang write to the Song emperor as a brother would. The emperor rebuked him for not addressing him as sovereign and sent no answer. The Wei emperor had Chang write again; Chang refused, saying, "I was in truth Emperor Yu's elder brother and was never his subject. To change my earlier letter would be to offer two kinds of deference; whether I change it or not, he will not accept it. I dare not obey this command." The matter was dropped. Wei held Chang in high regard; he married three imperial princesses in succession.
36
十一月，乙卯，分徐州置東徐州，以輔國將軍張讜為刺史。
In the eleventh month, on yimao, Eastern Xuzhou was carved out of Xuzhou and General Who Assists the State Zhang Dan was made its inspector.
37
十二月，庚戌，以幽州刺史劉休賓為兗州刺史。 休賓之妻，崔邪利之女也，生子文曄，與邪利皆沒於魏。 慕容白曜將其妻子至梁鄒城下示之。 休賓密遣主簿尹文達至歷城見白曜，且視其妻子； 休賓欲降，而兄子聞慰不可。 白曜使人至城下呼曰：「劉休賓數遣人來見僕射約降，何故違期不至！」 由是城中皆知之，共禁制休賓不得降，魏兵圍之。
In the twelfth month, on gengxu Youzhou inspector Liu Xiubin was appointed inspector of Yanzhou. Xiubin's wife was Cui Xieli's daughter; she bore a son named Wenyue, and she and Xieli were both taken by Wei. Murong Baiyao brought them beneath the walls of Liangzou and displayed them to Xiubin. Xiubin secretly sent his registrar Yin Wenda to Licheng to see Baiyao and look upon his family; Xiubin wished to surrender, but his nephew Wen Wei forbade it. Baiyao had a man call from below the walls, "Liu Xiubin has sent envoys again and again to arrange surrender with the Vice Director—why do you fail to keep your word!" The whole city heard; together they prevented Xiubin from surrendering, and Wei troops invested the city.
38
魏西河公石復攻汝陰，汝陰有備，無功而還。 常珍奇雖降於魏，實懷貳心； 劉勉復以書招之。 會西河公石攻汝陰，珍奇乘虛燒劫懸瓠，驅掠上蔡、安成、平輿三縣民，屯於灌水。
Wei's Duke of Xihe, Shi, attacked Ruyin again, but the city was ready and he withdrew without success. Although Chang Zhenqi had submitted to Wei, he still harbored divided loyalties; Liu Mian again wrote to win him back. When Duke of Xihe Shi attacked Ruyin, Zhenqi seized the chance to raid Xuanhu, drove off the people of Shangcai, Ancheng, and Pingyu, and encamped at Guanshui.
39
太宗明皇帝中泰始四年（ 戊申，公元四六八年）
Fourth year of the Taishi reign of Emperor Ming of Northern Wei ( wushen, 468 CE)
40
春，正月，己未，上祀南郊，大赦。
In spring, the first month, on jiwei the emperor sacrificed at the southern suburb and proclaimed a general amnesty.
41
魏汝陽司馬趙懷仁帥眾寇武津，豫州刺史劉勉遣龍驤將軍申元德擊破之，又斬魏於都公閼於拔於汝陽台東，獲運車千三百乘。 魏復寇義陽，勉使司徒參軍孫台瓘擊破之。
Wei's Ruyang major Zhao Huairen raided Wujin; Yuzhou inspector Liu Mian sent Dragon Cavalry General Shen Yuande to rout him and beheaded Wei's Duke of Yudu, Yubaba, east of the Ruyang terrace, seizing thirteen hundred supply wagons. Wei raided Yiyang again; Mian's staff officer Sun Taiguan defeated them.
42
淮西民賈元友上書，陳伐魏取陳、蔡之策，上以其書示劉勉。 勉上言：「元友稱『虜主幼弱，內外多難，天亡有期』。 臣以為虜自去冬蹈藉王土，磐據數郡，百姓殘亡； 今春以來，連城圍逼，國家未能復境，何暇滅虜！ 元友所陳，率多夸誕狂謀，皆非實。 言之甚易，行之甚難。 臣竊尋元嘉以來，傖荒遠人，多干國議，負擔歸闕，皆勸討虜，從來信納，皆貽後悔。 境上之人，唯視強弱：王師至彼，必壺漿候塗； 裁見退軍，便抄截蜂起。 此前後所見，明驗非一也。」 上乃止。
A Huai-western commoner named Jia Yuanyou memorialized with a plan to attack Wei and recover Chen and Cai; the emperor showed it to Liu Mian. Mian replied, "Yuanyou claims that 'the barbarian ruler is young and weak, troubles abound within and without, and their doom is near. I believe that since last winter the barbarians have trampled our soil, seized several commanderies, and slaughtered the people; this spring city after city has been besieged, and we have not even recovered our borders—how can we talk of destroying the barbarians! Yuanyou's proposals are mostly boastful fantasies, none of them true. Easy to say, hard to do. Since the Yuanjia era, men from the northern frontier have come to court laden with advice to attack the barbarians—and every time such counsel was heeded, we lived to regret it. Border people follow strength alone: when our armies arrive they greet us with wine along the road; the moment our troops withdraw they swarm out to cut us off. We have seen this proved again and again." The emperor dropped the plan.
43
魏尉元遣使說東徐州刺史張讜，讜以團城降魏。 魏以中書侍郎高閭與讜對為東徐州刺史，李璨與畢眾敬對為東兗州刺史。 無又說兗州刺史王整、蘭陵太守桓忻，整、忻皆降於魏。 魏以元為開府儀同三司、都督徐、南、北兗三州諸軍事、徐州刺史，鎮彭城。 召薛安都、畢眾敬入朝，至平城，魏以上客待之，群從皆封侯，賜第宅，資給甚厚。
Wei's Wei Yuan sent envoys to win over Eastern Xuzhou inspector Zhang Dan, who surrendered Tuancheng to Wei. Wei paired Secretariat Gentleman Gao Lu with Dan as joint inspectors of Eastern Xuzhou, and Li Can with Bi Zhongjing as joint inspectors of Eastern Yanzhou. Yuan also won over Yanzhou inspector Wang Zheng and Lanling administrator Huan Xin, and both submitted to Wei. Wei appointed Yuan Grand Master with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, commander of military affairs in Xu, Southern Yan, and Northern Yan, inspector of Xuzhou, with his seat at Pengcheng. Xue Andu and Bi Zhongjing were summoned to court; at Pingcheng Wei received them as honored guests, enfeoffed their followers as marquises, granted them mansions, and lavished gifts upon them.
44
慕容白曜圍歷城經年，二月，庚寅，拔其東郭； 癸巳，崔道固面縛出降。 白曜遣道固之子景業與劉文曄同至梁鄒，劉休賓亦出降。 白曜送道固、休賓及其僚屬於平城。
Murong Baiyao had besieged Licheng for a year; in the second month, on gengyin, he took the eastern suburb; on guisi Cui Daogu came out with hands bound and face bare to surrender. Baiyao sent Daogu's son Jingye and Liu Wenyue to Liangzou, and Liu Xiubin surrendered as well. Baiyao sent Daogu, Xiubin, and their staffs to Pingcheng.
45
辛丑，以前龍驤將軍常珍奇為都督司、北豫二州諸軍事、司州刺史。 魏西河公石攻之，珍奇單騎奔壽陽。
On xinchou former Dragon Cavalry General Chang Zhenqi was appointed commander of military affairs in Si and Northern Yu and inspector of Sizhou. Wei's Duke of Xihe, Shi, attacked him, and Zhenqi fled alone to Shouyang.
46
乙巳，車騎大將軍、曲江莊公王玄謨卒。
On yisi General of Chariots and Cavalry, Duke of Qujiang Zhuang Wang Xuanmo, died.
47
三月，魏慕容白曜進圍東陽。
In the third month Murong Baiyao of Wei advanced to besiege Dongyang.
48
上以崔道固兄子僧祐為輔國將軍，將兵數千從海道救歷城，至不其，聞歷城已沒，遂降於魏。
The emperor appointed Daogu's nephew Sengyou General Who Assists the State and sent him with several thousand men by sea to relieve Licheng; at Buqi he learned the city had fallen and surrendered to Wei.
49
交州刺史劉牧卒。 州人李長仁殺牧北來部曲，據州反，自稱刺史。
Jiaozhou inspector Liu Mu died. A local man named Li Changren killed Mu's northern troops, seized the province, rebelled, and styled himself inspector.
50
廣州刺史羊希使晉康太守沛郡劉思道伐俚。 思道違節度，失利，希遣收之； 思道自帥所領攻州，希兵敗而死。 龍驤將軍陳伯紹將兵伐俚，還，擊思道，擒斬之。 希，玄保之兄子也。
Guangzhou inspector Yang Xi sent Jinkang administrator Liu Sidao of Pei against the Li. Sidao disobeyed orders, was defeated, and Xi sent to arrest him; Sidao turned his own troops against the province; Xi's force was beaten and he was killed. Dragon Cavalry General Chen Bozhao, returning from campaigning against the Li, attacked Sidao, captured him, and executed him. Xi was a nephew of Yang Xuanbao.
51
夏，四月，己卯，復減郡縣田租之半。
In summer, the fourth month, on jimao the land tax of commanderies and counties was again cut by half.
52
徙東海王禕為廬江王，山陽王休祐為晉平王。 上以廢帝謂禕為驢王，故以廬江封之。
Prince of Donghai Yi was transferred to Prince of Lujiang; Prince of Shanyang Xiuyou was made Prince of Jinping. Because the deposed emperor had called Yi the Donkey Prince, the present emperor enfeoffed him with Lujiang.
53
劉勉敗魏兵於許昌。
Liu Mian defeated Wei forces at Xuchang.
54
魏以南郡公李惠為征南大將軍、儀同三司、都督關右諸軍事、雍州刺史，進爵為王。
Wei appointed Duke of Nanjun Li Hui General-in-Chief Who Conquers the South, Grand Master with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, commander of military affairs west of the passes, inspector of Yongzhou, and raised him to king.
55
五月，乙卯，魏主畋於崞山，道如繁畤，辛酉，還宮。
In the fifth month, on yimao the Wei emperor hunted at Mount Guo, traveled by way of Fanzhi, and on xinyou returned to the palace.
56
六月，魏以昌黎王馮熙為太傅。 熙，太后之兄也。
In the sixth month Wei appointed Prince of Changli Feng Xi Grand Tutor. Xi was the empress dowager's elder brother.
57
秋，七月，庚申，以驍騎將軍蕭道成為南兗州刺史。
In autumn, the seventh month, on gengshen Valiant Cavalry General Xiao Daocheng was appointed inspector of Southern Yanzhou.
58
八月，戊子，以南康相劉勃為交州刺史。
In the eighth month, on wuzi Nankang chancellor Liu Bo was appointed inspector of Jiaozhou.
59
上以沈文秀之弟征北中兵參軍文靜為輔國將軍，統高密等五郡軍事，自海道救東陽。 至不其城，為魏所斷，因保城自固。 魏人攻之，不克。
The emperor appointed Wenxiu's younger brother Wenjing, a major in the Army of the North, as General Who Assists the State to command five commanderies including Gaomi and sail to relieve Dongyang. At Bucheng he was cut off by Wei and held the city to defend himself. Wei attacked but could not take it.
60
辛卯，分青州置東青州，以文靜為刺史。
On xinmao Eastern Qingzhou was carved out of Qingzhou and Wenjing was made its inspector.
61
九月，辛亥，魏立皇叔楨為南安王，長壽為城陽王，太洛為章武王，休為安定王。
In the ninth month, on xinhai Wei enfeoffed the emperor's uncle Zhen as Prince of Nan'an, Changshou as Prince of Chengyang, Tailuo as Prince of Zhangwu, and Xiu as Prince of Anding.
62
冬，十月，癸酉朔，日有食之。 發諸州兵北伐。
In winter, the tenth month, on the new moon of guiyou, there was a solar eclipse. Troops from the provinces were mobilized for a northern campaign.
63
十一月，李長仁遣使請降，自貶行州事； 許之。
In the eleventh month Li Changren sent envoys to offer surrender and demoted himself to acting inspector; the court accepted.
64
十二月，魏人拔不其城，殺沈文靜，入東陽西郭。
In the twelfth month Wei took Bucheng, killed Shen Wenjing, and entered the western suburb of Dongyang.
65
義嘉之亂，巫師請發修寧陵，戮玄宮為厭勝。 是歲，改葬昭太后。
During the turmoil of Yijia, shamans asked to open the Xiuning tomb and desecrate the inner chamber as a charm against evil. That year Empress Dowager Zhao was reburied.
66
先是，中書侍郎、舍人皆以名流為之。 太祖始用寒士秋當，世祖猶雜選士庶，巢尚之、戴法興皆用事。 及上即位，盡用左右細人，游擊將軍阮佃夫、中書通事舍人王道隆、員外散騎侍郎楊運長等，並參預政事，權亞人主，巢、戴所不及也。 佃夫尤恣橫，人有順迕，禍福立至。 大納貨賂，所餉減二百匹絹，則不報書。 園宅飲饌，過於諸王； 妓樂服飾，宮掖不如也。 朝士貴賤，莫不自結。 僕隸皆不次除官，捉車人至虎賁中郎部，馬士至員外郎。
Formerly, Secretariat Gentlemen and Masters of Writing Attendants had been drawn from eminent families. The founding emperor first employed the humble scholar Qiu Dang; the succeeding emperor still mixed gentry and commoners in office—Chao Shangzhi and Dai Faxing both wielded power. When the present emperor took the throne he relied entirely on petty favorites at his side—Mobile General Ruan Tianfu, Secretariat Attendant for Current Affairs Wang Daolong, staff gentleman Yang Yunchang, and others—all sharing in government with power second only to the throne, far beyond what Chao and Dai had enjoyed. Tianfu was the most overbearing of all; comply with him and prosper, cross him and perish at once. He took bribes on a vast scale; gifts short by two hundred bolts of silk earned no acknowledgment. His estates, feasts, and luxuries surpassed those of the princes; his courtesans, music, and dress outshone even the inner palace. Court officials high and low all sought his favor. His servants were promoted out of turn—cart drivers to the Tiger Guard, grooms to staff officer.
67
太宗明皇帝中泰始五年（ 己酉，公元四六九年）
Fifth year of the Taishi reign of Emperor Ming of Northern Wei ( jiyou, 469 CE)
68
春，正月，癸亥，上耕籍田，大赦。
In spring, the first month, on guihai the emperor plowed the sacred field and proclaimed a general amnesty.
69
沈文秀守東陽，魏人圍之三年，外無救援，士卒晝夜拒戰，甲冑生蟣虱，無離叛之志。 乙丑，魏人拔東陽，文秀解戎服，正衣冠，取所持節坐齋內。 魏兵交至，問：「沈文秀何在？」 文秀厲聲曰：「身是！」 魏人執之，去其衣，縛送慕容白曜，使之拜，文秀曰：「各兩國大臣，何拜之有！」 白曜還其衣，為之設饌，鎖送平城。 魏主數其罪而宥之，待為下客，給惡衣、疏食； 既而重其不屈，稍嘉禮之，拜外都下大夫。 於是青、冀之地盡入於魏矣。 二月，己卯，魏以慕容白曜為都督青、齊、東徐三州諸軍事、征南大將軍、開府儀同三司、青州刺史，進爵濟南王。 白曜撫御有方，東人安之。
Shen Wenxiu held Dongyang while Wei besieged it for three years without relief; his men fought day and night until lice bred in their armor, yet none deserted. On yichou Wei took Dongyang; Wenxiu laid aside his armor, straightened his robes, took his staff of office, and sat in his study. Wei soldiers crowded in and asked, "Where is Shen Wenxiu?" Wenxiu answered in a stern voice, "I am he!" They seized him, stripped him, bound him, and sent him to Murong Baiyao, who ordered him to bow. Wenxiu said, "We are ministers of two states alike—why should I bow!" Baiyao restored his clothes, set food before him, and sent him under guard to Pingcheng. The Wei emperor listed his crimes yet spared him, treated him as an inferior guest, and gave him poor clothes and coarse food; then, respecting his unyielding spirit, gradually honored him and appointed him Outer Metropolitan Grandee. With that, the lands of Qing and Ji passed entirely to Wei. In the second month, on jimao Wei appointed Murong Baiyao commander of military affairs in Qing, Qi, and Eastern Xu, General-in-Chief Who Conquers the South, Grand Master with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, inspector of Qingzhou, and raised him to Prince of Jinan. Baiyao governed wisely and the eastern people lived in peace under him.
70
魏自天安以來，比歲旱饑，重以青、徐用兵，山東之民疲於賦役。 顯祖命因民貧富，為三等輸租之法，等為三品：上三品輸平城，中輸它州，下輸本州。 又，魏舊制：常賦之外，有雜調十五； 至是悉罷之，由是民稍贍給。
Since the Tian'an era Wei had suffered drought and famine year after year; war in Qing and Xu added to the burden, and the people of Shandong were worn out by taxes and labor. Emperor Xianzu ordered rent graded by wealth into three classes: the wealthiest paid to Pingcheng, the middle rank to other provinces, the poorest to their home province. Wei also abolished the fifteen miscellaneous levies beyond the regular tax; and the people gradually recovered their livelihood.
71
河東柳欣慰等謀反，欲立太尉廬江王禕。 禕自以於帝為兄，而帝及諸兄弟皆輕之，遂與欣慰等通謀相酬和。 征北咨議參軍杜幼文告之，丙申，詔降禕為車騎將軍、開府儀同三司、南豫州刺史，出鎮宣城，帝遣腹心楊運長領兵防衛。 欣慰等並伏誅。
Liu Xinwei of Hedong and others plotted rebellion, intending to set up Grand Marshal Prince of Lujiang Yi. Yi considered himself the emperor's elder brother, yet the emperor and his brothers all slighted him; he therefore conspired with Xinwei and his fellows. Consulting staff officer Du Youwen of the Army of the North reported the plot; on bingshen an edict demoted Yi to General of Chariots and Cavalry, Grand Master with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, and inspector of Southern Yuzhou, sent to garrison Xuancheng under guard of the emperor's favorite Yang Yunchang. Xinwei and the others were all executed.
72
三月，魏人寇汝陰，太守楊文萇擊卻之。
In the third month, Northern Wei troops attacked Ruyin, but Grand Administrator Yang Wenchang repelled them.
73
夏，四月，丙申，魏大赦。
In summer, on the bingshen day of the fourth month, Northern Wei issued a general amnesty.
74
五月，魏徙青、齊民於平城，置升城、歷城民望於桑干，立平齊郡以居之； 自餘悉為奴婢，分賜百官。
In the fifth month, Northern Wei moved the populace of Qing and Qi to Pingcheng, resettled the leading families of Shengcheng and Licheng along the Sanggan River, and created Pingqi Commandery to receive them; the remainder were all reduced to bondage and parceled out as gifts to officials throughout the court.
75
魏沙門統曇曜奏：「平齊戶及諸民有能歲輸谷六十斛入僧曹者，即為僧祇戶，粟為僧祇粟，遇凶歲，賑給饑民。」 又請：「民犯重罪及官奴，以為佛圖戶，以供諸寺掃灑。」 魏主並許之。 於是僧祇戶、粟及寺戶遍於州鎮矣。
Tanyao, Northern Wei's superintendent of the Buddhist clergy, submitted a memorial: "Let any household from the relocated Pingqi population or elsewhere that can pay sixty hu of grain annually into the monastic treasury be registered as a sangha-treasury household; that grain shall be held as sangha reserve grain and, in years of dearth, used to feed the starving." He also asked that "criminals convicted of serious offenses, together with official slaves, be assigned as Buddha-households to perform menial labor for the temples." The Wei emperor granted both proposals. From that point on, sangha-treasury households, reserve grain, and temple bondsmen appeared in garrisons and provinces across the realm.
76
六月，魏立皇子宏為太子。
In the sixth month, Northern Wei named the emperor's son Hong crown prince.
77
癸酉，以左衛將軍沈攸之為郢州刺史。
On guiyou, Left Guard General Shen Youzhi was appointed inspector of Yingzhou.
78
上又令有司奏廬江王禕忿懟有怨言，請窮治； 不許。 丁丑，免禕官爵，遣大鴻臚持節奉詔責禕，因逼令自殺，子輔國將軍充明廢徙新安。
The emperor again had the authorities report that Prince of Lujiang Yi, embittered and resentful, had spoken words of complaint, and ask that the matter be pursued to the end; he refused. On dingchou, Yi was stripped of rank and title; the Grand Herald was sent with imperial credentials to rebuke him and force him to commit suicide, while his son Chongming, a general who assists the state, was removed from office and exiled to Xin'an.
79
冬，十月，丁卯朔，日有食之。
In winter, on the first day of the tenth month, dingmao, a solar eclipse occurred.
80
魏頓丘王李峻卒。
Li Jun, Prince of Dunqiu in Northern Wei, died.
81
十一月，丁未，魏復遣使來修和親，自是信使歲通。
In the eleventh month, on dingwei, Northern Wei once again sent envoys to restore friendly relations, and thereafter diplomatic couriers traveled between the two courts every year.
82
閏月，戊子，以輔師將軍猛陽為兗州刺史，始治淮陰。
In the intercalary month, on wuzi, General Who Assists the Army Meng Yang was appointed inspector of Yanzhou and established his seat at Huaiyin for the first time.
83
十二月，戊戌，司徒建安王休仁解揚州。 休仁年與上鄰亞，素相友愛，景和之世，上賴其力以脫禍。 及泰始初，四方兵起，休仁親當矢石，克成大功，任總百揆，親寄甚隆； 由是朝野輻湊，上漸不悅。 休仁悟其旨，故表解揚州。 己未，以桂陽王休范為揚州刺史。
In the twelfth month, on wuxu, Grand Marshal Prince of Jian'an Xiuren resigned his post as inspector of Yangzhou. Xiuren was nearly the emperor's age and had long been on close, affectionate terms with him; during the Jinghe reign the emperor had depended on him to survive the crisis. At the opening of the Taishi era, when rebellion flared on every side, Xiuren had personally braved battle, won great victories, and come to oversee the whole government, enjoying the emperor's deepest trust; as a result, officials and commoners alike flocked to him, and the emperor slowly grew uneasy. Reading the emperor's mind, Xiuren petitioned to surrender the Yangzhou post. On jiwei, Prince of Guiyang Xiufan was appointed inspector of Yangzhou.
84
分荊州之巴東、建平，益州之巴西、梓潼郡，置三巴校尉，治白帝。 先是，三峽蠻、獠歲為抄暴，故立府以鎮之。 上以司徒參軍東莞孫謙為巴東、建平二郡太守。 謙將之官，敕募千人自隨，謙曰：「亦夷不賓，蓋待之失節耳，何煩兵役以為國費！」 固辭不受。 至郡，開布恩信，蠻、獠翕然懷之，競餉金寶； 謙皆慰諭，不受。
Badong and Jianping in Jingzhou together with Brazil and Zitong in Yizhou were carved out to form a Three Ba commandery, headed by a commandant stationed at Baidi. The post had been created because the tribal peoples of the Three Gorges had been raiding the region year after year. The emperor named Sun Qian of Dongguan, an aide on the grand marshal's staff, administrator of the twin commanderies of Badong and Jianping. As Qian prepared to take office, the court ordered him to raise a thousand troops for his escort, but he replied: "When tribes refuse allegiance, it is usually because we have failed them in courtesy—why waste soldiers and drain the treasury on account of it!" He steadfastly refused. Once in office, he governed with openness and trust, and the tribal peoples quickly warmed to him, competing to bring him gifts of gold and jewels; Qian thanked them kindly each time and declined every gift.
85
臨海賊帥田流自稱東海王，剽掠海鹽，殺鄞令，東土大震。
Tian Liu, a bandit leader in Linhai, proclaimed himself King of the Eastern Sea, raided the coastal salt trade, murdered the magistrate of Yin, and threw the eastern provinces into alarm.
86
太宗明皇帝中泰始六年（ 庚戌，公元四七零年）
The sixth year of Taishi under Emperor Ming the Filial and Bright ( gengxu, 470 CE)
87
春，正月，乙亥，初制間二年一祭南郊，間一年一祭明堂。
In spring, on yihai, the first day of the first month, a new schedule was set: sacrifices at the Southern Altar every two years and at the Bright Hall in the intervening years.
88
二月，壬寅，以司徒休仁為太尉，領司徒； 固辭。
In the second month, on renyin, Grand Marshal Xiuren was promoted to grand commandant while retaining the grand marshalship; he firmly declined the appointment.
89
癸丑，納江智淵孫女為太子妃。 甲寅，大赦。 令百官皆獻物； 始興太守孫奉伯止獻琴、書，上大怒，封藥賜死，既而原之。
On guichou, the crown prince wed the granddaughter of Jiang Zhiyuan. On jiayin, the court proclaimed a general amnesty. All officials were ordered to present tribute gifts; Sun Fengbo, administrator of Shixing, offered only a zither and some books; the emperor flew into a rage and sent sealed poison with orders that he die, but later relented and spared him.
90
魏以東郡王陸定國為司空。 定國，麗之子也。
Northern Wei appointed Lu Dingguo, Prince of the Eastern Region, minister of works. Dingguo was a son of Li.
91
魏主遣征西大將軍上黨王長孫觀擊吐谷渾。
The Wei emperor sent Campaigning Western Grand General Changsun Guan, Prince of Shangdang, against Tuyuhun.
92
夏，四月，辛丑，魏大赦。
In summer, on the xinchou day of the fourth month, Northern Wei issued a general amnesty.
93
戊申，魏長孫觀與葉欲渾王拾寅戰於曼頭山，拾寅敗走，遣別駕康盤龍入貢，魏主囚之。
On wushen, Changsun Guan of Northern Wei battled Tuyuhun King Shibin at Mantou Mountain; Shibin was routed and fled, then sent his aide Kang Panlong with tribute, but the Wei emperor had him detained.
94
癸亥，立皇子燮為晉熙王，奉晉熙王昶後。
On guihai, the emperor's son Xie was enfeoffed as Prince of Jinxi to carry on the house of the former Prince of Jinxi Chang.
95
五月，魏立皇弟長樂為建昌王。
In the fifth month, Northern Wei enfeoffed the emperor's younger brother Changle as Prince of Jianchang.
96
六月，癸卯，以江州刺史王景文為尚書左僕射、揚州刺史，以尚書僕射袁粲為右僕射。
In the sixth month, on guimao, Wang Jingwen, inspector of Jiangzhou, was appointed left vice director of the Masters of Writing and inspector of Yangzhou, while Yuan Can, vice director of the Masters of Writing, became right vice director.
97
上宮中大宴，裸婦人而觀之，王后以戶扇障面。 上怒曰：「外捨寒乞！ 今共為樂，何獨不視！」 後曰：「為樂之事，其方自多； 豈有姑姊妹集，而裸婦人以為笑！ 外捨之樂，雅異於此。」 上大怒，遣後起。 後兄景文聞之，曰：「後在家劣弱，今段遂能剛正如此！」
At a grand palace feast the emperor set naked women on display for amusement, and the empress hid her face behind a door screen. The emperor snapped in anger: "You in-laws are nothing but paupers from outside! We are all here to enjoy ourselves—why won't you look like everyone else!" The empress replied: "There are many ways to take one's pleasure; surely it is not fitting for aunts and sisters to gather while naked women are put on display for sport! The diversions of an outsider's household are quite unlike this." The emperor flew into a rage and had the empress dismissed from the hall. When the empress's brother Jingwen heard what had happened, he said: "At home she was always meek and mild—who would have thought she could stand up to him like this!"1
98
南兗州刺史蕭道成在軍中久，民間或言道成有異相，當為天子。 上疑之，征為黃門侍郎、越騎校尉。 道成懼，不欲內遷，而無計得留。 冠軍參軍廣陵荀伯玉勸道成遣數十騎入魏境，安置標榜，魏果遣游騎數百履行境上； 道成以聞，上使道成復本任。 秋，九月，命道成遷鎮淮陰。 以侍中、中領軍劉勉為都督南徐、兗等五州諸軍事，鎮廣陵。
Xiao Daocheng, inspector of Southern Yanzhou, had been in the field for a long time, and among the people there were whispers that he bore the marks of emperorship and was destined to rule. The emperor grew suspicious and recalled him to court as gentleman at the yellow gate and commandant of the rapid cavalry. Daocheng was alarmed; he did not want to be pulled back to the capital, but he could see no way to stay where he was. Xun Boyu of Guangling, an aide on Daocheng's staff, urged him to send a few dozen horsemen into Wei territory to plant boundary markers, and Wei promptly dispatched hundreds of patrol riders to ride the frontier; Daocheng reported the incursion, and the emperor sent him back to his original command. In autumn, in the ninth month, Daocheng was ordered to shift his headquarters to Huaiyin. Liu Mian, palace attendant and central army commander, was made area commander over five provinces including Southern Xu and Yan, with his seat at Guangling.
99
戊寅，立總明觀，置祭酒一人，儒、玄、文、史學士各十人。
On wuyin, the court founded the Zongming Observatory, appointing one libationer and ten scholars each in Confucian, Daoist, literary, and historical learning.
100
柔然部真可汗侵魏，魏主引郡臣議之。 尚書右僕射南平公目辰日：「若車駕親征，京師危懼，不如持重固守。 虜懸軍深入，糧運無繼，不久自退； 遣將追擊，破之必矣。」 給事中張白澤曰：「蠢爾荒愚，輕犯王略，若鑾輿親行，必望麾崩散，豈可坐而縱敵！ 以萬乘之尊，嬰城自守，非所以威服四夷也。」 魏主從之。 白澤，袞之孫也。 魏主使京兆王子推等督諸軍出西道，任城王雲等督諸軍出東道，汝陰王天賜等督諸軍為前鋒，隴西王源賀等督諸軍為後斷，鎮西將軍呂羅漢等掌留台事。 諸將會魏主於女水之濱，與柔然戰，柔然大敗。 乘勝逐北，斬首五萬級，降者萬餘人，猶戎馬器械不可勝計。 旬有九日，往返六千餘里。 改女水曰武川。 司徒東安王劉尼坐昏醉，軍陳不整，免官。 壬申，還至平城。
Buyegu Khan of the Rouran invaded Northern Wei, and the emperor convened his ministers to deliberate. Mu Chen, right vice director of the Masters of Writing and Duke of Nanping, argued: "If Your Majesty leads the campaign in person, the capital will be left exposed and terrified; it would be safer to hold the city and wait. The enemy has marched deep with no secure supply line; before long they will withdraw on their own; then we can send generals in pursuit and crush them with certainty." Supervising gentleman Zhang Baize countered: "These crude barbarians have rashly violated the imperial domain; if Your Majesty marches in person, they will break and flee at the sight of the imperial standard—how can we sit idle and let them escape! For the sovereign of an empire to cower behind city walls is no way to overawe the peoples of the four directions." The Wei emperor accepted his counsel. Baize was a grandson of Gun. The emperor ordered Wang Zitui of Jingzhao and others to command the western column, Prince of Rencheng Yun and others the eastern column, Prince of Ruyin Tianci and others the vanguard, Wang Yuanhe of Longxi and others the rearguard, and General Who Pacifies the West Lü Luohan and others to govern the capital in his absence. The commanders rendezvoused with the emperor on the banks of the Nü River, gave battle to the Rouran, and routed them completely. Pressing the pursuit, they took fifty thousand heads, accepted more than ten thousand surrenders, and captured horses and arms beyond reckoning. The entire campaign lasted nineteen days and covered more than six thousand li there and back. The Nü River was renamed the Wuchuan. Grand Marshal Liu Ni, Prince of Dong'an, was dismissed for taking the field while drunk and leaving his ranks in disorder. On renshen, the emperor returned to Pingcheng.
101
是時，魏百官不給祿，少能以廉白自立者。 魏主詔：「吏受所監臨羊一口、酒一斛者，死； 與者以從坐論。 有能糾告尚書已下罪狀者，隨所糾官輕重授之。」 張白澤諫曰：「昔周之下士，尚有代耕之祿。 今皇朝貴臣，服勤無報； 若使受禮者刑身，糾之者代職，臣恐奸人窺望，忠臣懈節，如此而求事簡民安，不亦難乎！ 請依律令舊法，仍班祿以酬廉吏。」 魏主乃為之罷新法。
At that time Northern Wei's officials received no salaries, and few could remain honest on their own. The Wei emperor issued an edict: "Any official who accepts so much as one sheep or one hu of wine from those under his supervision shall be put to death; those who offer such gifts shall be punished as accomplices. Anyone who exposed wrongdoing by an official of vice-director rank or below would be promoted to fill the vacant post, commensurate with the offender's rank." Zhang Baize remonstrated: "Even the lowest officers of the Zhou received grain salaries in lieu of farming. Today the empire's highest ministers serve without compensation; if accepting a gift means death and denouncing a colleague means taking his post, I fear schemers will watch for openings while honest men lose heart; under such conditions, how can government be kept simple and the people kept at peace! I beg that the old statutes be restored and salaries paid again to reward upright service." On his advice, the Wei emperor revoked the new measure.
102
冬，十月，辛卯，詔以世祖繼體，陷憲無遺，以皇子智隨為世祖子，立為武陵王。
In winter, on xinmao in the tenth month, an edict declared that because Emperor Shizu had continued the dynastic line and no descendant of his should be left without heirs, the emperor's son Zhisui was adopted as Shizu's son and enfeoffed as Prince of Wuling.
103
初，魏乙渾專政，慕容白曜頗附之。 魏主追以為憾，遂稱白曜謀反，誅之，及其弟如意。
Earlier, when Yi Hun had dominated the Wei court, Murong Baiyao had closely aligned himself with him. The Wei emperor still resented that association and therefore charged Baiyao with treason, executed him, and put his younger brother Ruyi to death as well.
104
初，魏南部尚書李敷，儀曹尚書李言斤，少相親善，與中書侍郎盧度世皆以才能為世祖、顯祖所寵任，參豫機密，出納詔命。 其後言斤出為相州刺史，受納貨賂，為人所告，敷掩蔽之。 顯祖聞之，檻車征言斤，案驗服罪，當死。 是時敷弟弈得幸於馮太后，帝意已疏之。 有司以中旨諷言斤告敷兄弟陰事，可以得免。 言斤謂其婿裴攸曰：「吾與敷族世雖遠，恩逾同生，今在事勸吾為此，吾情所不忍。 每引簪自刺，解帶自絞，終不得死。 且吾安能知其陰事！ 將若之何？」 攸曰：「何為為人死也！ 有馮闡者，先為敷所敗，其家深怨之。 今詢其弟，敷之陰事可得也。」 言斤從之。 又趙郡范檦條列敷兄弟事狀凡三十餘條。 有司以聞，帝大怒，誅敷兄弟。 言斤得減死，鞭髡配役。 未幾，復為太倉尚書，攝南部事。 敷，順之子也。
Earlier, Li Fu, minister of the southern branch, and Li Yanjin, minister of the bureau of rites, had been close friends since youth; they and Secretariat Gentleman Lu Dushi, all men of proven ability, had been favored by Emperors Shizu and Xianzu, entrusted with state secrets, and charged with drafting and transmitting imperial orders. Later Yanjin was sent out as inspector of Xiangzhou, where he took bribes; when someone reported him, Fu covered up the offense. When Emperor Xianzu learned of it, he had Yanjin brought back in a prison cart; the inquiry confirmed his guilt, and the sentence was death. By then Fu's younger brother Yi had won favor with Empress Dowager Feng, and the emperor had already begun to keep his distance from the family. On a hint from the palace, the authorities suggested to Yanjin that if he denounced the Fu brothers' secret crimes, he might escape punishment. Yanjin told his son-in-law Pei You: "Though Fu and I are only distant kinsmen, our bond is closer than that of brothers; now the officials urge me to betray him, and my heart will not allow it. Again and again he tried to stab himself with his hairpin or hang himself with his belt, but he could not succeed in dying. Besides, how would I even know their secret crimes! What can be done?" Pei You said, "Why die for someone else! There was a man named Feng Chan whom Fu had once defeated; his family bore a deep grudge. Question his younger brother now and we can obtain Fu's hidden crimes." Yanjin took his advice. Fan Biao of Zhao Commandery also listed more than thirty charges against Fu and his brothers. The authorities reported this to the throne; the emperor flew into a rage and executed Fu and his brothers. Yanjin escaped death but was flogged, shorn, and sentenced to penal labor. Before long he was restored as Minister of the Grand Granary with acting charge of the southern branch. Fu was a son of Li Shun.
105
魏陽平王新成卒。
Xincheng, Prince of Yangping of Wei, died.
106
是歲，命龍驤將軍義興周山圖將兵屯浹口討田流，平之。
That year Dragon Cavalry General Zhou Shantu of Yixing was ordered to camp at Jiakou against Tian Liu and pacified the rebellion.
107
柔然攻于闐，于闐遣使者素目伽奉表詣魏求救。 魏主命公卿議之，畢曰：「于闐去京師幾萬里，蠕蠕唯習野掠，不能攻城； 若其可攻，尋已亡矣。 雖欲遣師，勢無所及。」 魏主以議示使者，使者亦以為然。 乃詔之曰：「朕應仇敕諸軍以拯汝難。 但去汝遐阻，必不能救當時之急，汝宜知之。 朕今練甲養士，一二歲間，當躬帥猛將，為汝除患。 汝其謹修警候，以待大舉。」
Rouran attacked Yutian; Yutian sent the envoy Sumujia with a memorial to Wei begging for aid. The Wei emperor ordered his ministers to debate the matter. Bi said, "Yutian lies tens of thousands of li from the capital; the Rouran know only raiding in the open country and cannot take walled cities; if they could storm it, the kingdom would already be gone. Even if we wished to send troops, we could not reach them in time." The Wei emperor showed the deliberation to the envoy, who agreed. He then told him by edict, "We shall command our armies to answer your call and deliver you from disaster. But you are far away, and we cannot relieve your immediate peril—you must understand this. We are now training troops; within a year or two we shall lead our best generals in person to destroy your enemy. Keep your defenses in order and await our great expedition."
Footnotes
- He finished speaking