1
資治通鑑第135卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 135.
2
【齊紀一】起屠維協洽，盡昭陽大淵獻，凡五年。
[Qi Records 1] From the year 479 through 483, five years in all.
3
春，正月，甲辰，以江州刺史蕭嶷爲都督荊、湘等八州諸軍事、荊州刺史，尚書左僕射王延之爲江州刺史，安南長史蕭子良爲督會稽等五郡諸軍事、會稽太守。
In spring, on the first month's jiachen day, Xiao Yan was appointed to command the armies of eight provinces including Jing and Xiang and to govern Jingzhou; Wang Yanzhi became governor of Jiangzhou; and Xiao Ziliang was made military commander over five commanderies around Kuaiji and named its administrator.
4
初，沈攸之欲聚眾，開民相告，士民坐執役者甚眾，嶷至鎮，一日罷遣三千餘人。 府州儀物，務存儉約，輕刑薄斂，所部大悅。
When Shen Youzhi had been raising troops, he had encouraged citizens to inform on one another, and a great many people had been pressed into corvée. On reaching his command, Yan released more than three thousand of them in a single day. He kept provincial regalia plain, lightened punishments and taxes, and his jurisdiction rejoiced.
5
辛亥，以竟陵世子賾爲尚書僕射，進號中軍大將軍、開府儀同三司。
On xinhai, Ze, heir of the Prince of Jingling, was appointed Vice Director of the Secretariat and promoted to Grand General of the Central Army with an office equal in honor to the Three Excellencies.
6
太傅道成以謝朏有重名，必欲引參佐命，以爲左長史。 嘗置酒與論魏、晉故事，因曰：「石苞不早勸晉文，死文慟哭，方之馮異，非知機也。」 朏曰：「晉文世事魏寶，必將身終北面； 借使魏依康、虞故事，亦當三讓彌高。」 道成不悅。 甲寅，以朏爲侍中，更以王儉爲左長史。
Grand Tutor Daocheng, eager to enlist the celebrated Xie Tiao in the founding of the new order, made him his Left Chief of Staff. Over wine he once discussed Wei and Jin history and remarked, "Shi Bao failed to press Sima Zhao in time; when Zhao died, Bao wept at his bier. Beside Feng Yi, that was not knowing when to act." Tiao replied, "Sima Zhao had served Wei all his life and would surely have died facing north as its subject. Even had Wei followed the abdication of Yao and Shun, he would still have declined the throne three times and risen all the higher." Daocheng was displeased. On jiayin, Tiao was made Palace Attendant, and Wang Jian took his place as Left Chief of Staff.
7
丙辰，以給事黃門侍郎蕭長懋爲雍州刺史。
On bingchen, Xiao Changmao was appointed governor of Yongzhou.
8
二月，丙子，邵陵殤王友卒。 辛巳，魏太皇太后及魏主如代郡溫泉。
In the second month, on bingzi, the Prince of Shaoling, You, died. On xinsi, the Northern Wei empress dowager and emperor visited the hot springs in Dai.
9
甲午，詔申前命，命太傅贊拜不名。
On jiawu, an edict renewed a prior privilege: at court the Grand Tutor was to be announced without his personal name being spoken.
10
己亥，魏太皇太后及魏主如西宮。
On jihai, the Wei empress dowager and emperor went to the Western Palace.
11
三月，癸卯朔，日有食之。
On the first day of the third month there was a solar eclipse.
12
甲辰，以太傅爲相國，總百揆，封十郡，爲齊公，加九錫； 其驃騎大將軍、揚州牧、南徐州刺史如故。 乙巳，詔齊國官爵禮儀，並仿天朝。 丙午，以世子賾領南豫州刺史。
On jiachen, the Grand Tutor was made chancellor, given charge of all affairs, enfeoffed as Duke of Qi over ten commanderies, and granted the Nine Bestowals; while he retained his titles as General of Agile Cavalry, governor of Yangzhou, and inspector of South Xuzhou. On yisi, an edict declared that Qi's offices, ranks, and ceremonies were to mirror those of the imperial court. On bingwu, the heir Ze was made acting inspector of South Yuzhou.
13
楊運長去宜城郡還家，齊公遣人殺之。 凌源令潘智與運長厚善； 臨川王綽，義慶之孫也。 綽遣腹心陳言贊説智曰：「君先帝舊人，身是宗室近屬，如此形勢，豈得久全！ 若招合內外，計多有從者。 台城內人常有此心，正苦無人建意耳！」 智即以告齊公。 庚戌，誅綽兄弟及共黨與。
Yang Yunchang, who had left his post in Yicheng and gone home, was assassinated on the Duke of Qi's orders. Pan Zhi, magistrate of Lingyuan, had been a close friend of Yunchang; Prince Chuo of Linchuan was a grandson of Liu Yiqing. Chuo sent a confidant named Chen to flatter and win over Zhi: "You served the late emperor and are near kin to the house of Liu — in the present situation, how can you hope to survive? Rally supporters inside and outside the palace, and many will join you. Many inside the capital already feel the same — they only lack someone to lead them!" Zhi immediately informed the Duke of Qi. On gengxu, Chuo, his brothers, and their accomplices were put to death.
14
甲寅，齊公受策命，赦其境內，以石頭爲世子宮，一如東宮。 褚淵引何曾自魏司徒爲晉丞相故事，求爲齊官，齊公不許。 以王儉爲齊尚書右僕射，領吏部； 儉時年二十八。
On jiayin, the Duke of Qi accepted the formal mandate, pardoned his territories, and established Stone City as the crown prince's residence, matching the imperial Eastern Palace. Chu Yuan cited He Zeng's move from Wei minister to Jin chancellor and asked to take office under Qi; the duke refused. Wang Jian was appointed Right Vice Director of Qi's Secretariat and head of the Ministry of Personnel; Jian was only twenty-eight.
15
甲戌，武陵王贊卒，非疾也。
On jiaxu, the Prince of Wuling, Zan, died — not of natural causes.
16
丙戌，加齊王殊禮，進世子爲太子。
On bingxu, the King of Qi was granted extraordinary honors, and his heir was named crown prince.
17
辛卯，宋順帝下詔禪位於齊。 壬辰，帝當臨軒，不肯出，逃於佛蓋之下，王敬則勒兵殿庭，以板輿入迎帝。 太后懼，自帥閹人索得之，敬則啟譬令出，引令升車。 帝收淚謂敬則曰：「欲見殺乎？」 敬則曰：「出居別宮耳。 官先取司馬家亦如此。」 帝泣而彈指曰：「願後身世世勿復生天王家！」 宮中皆哭。 帝拍敬則手曰：「必無過慮，當餉輔國十萬錢。」 是日，百僚陪位。 侍中謝朏在直，當解璽綬，陽爲不知，曰：「有何公事？」 傳詔云：「解璽綬授齊王。」 朏曰：「齊自應有侍中。」 乃引枕臥。 傳詔懼，使朏稱疾，欲取兼人，朏曰：「我無疾，何所道！」 遂朝服步出東掖門，仍登車還宅。 乃以王儉爲侍中，解璽綬。 禮畢，帝乘畫輪車，出東掖門就東邸，問：「今日何不奏鼓吹？」 左右莫有應者。 右光祿大夫王琨，華之從父弟也，在晉世已爲郎中，至是，攀車獺尾慟哭曰：「人以壽爲歡，老臣以壽爲戚。 既不能先驅螻蟻，乃復頻見此事！」 嗚咽不自勝，百官雨泣。
On xinmao, Emperor Shun of Liu Song issued an edict abdicating in favor of Qi. On renchen, when the emperor was due to take the throne for the abdication, he refused to appear and hid under a Buddhist canopy. Wang Jingze drew up troops in the courtyard and sent a palanquin to bring him out. The terrified empress dowager led eunuchs to find him; Jingze coaxed him out and helped him into the litter. Wiping his tears, the boy emperor asked Jingze, "Are you going to kill me?" Jingze replied, "You are only being moved to another palace. We did the same with the Sima family." Weeping, the emperor snapped his fingers and cried, "May I never be born into an emperor's house again!" The whole palace wept with him. The emperor patted Jingze's hand and said, "Do not worry — I will give you a hundred thousand cash as Defender of the State." That day the officials took their places for the ceremony. Palace Attendant Xie Tiao, on duty to receive the imperial seal, pretended not to understand and asked, "What business brings you?" The messenger said, "Remove the seal and cord and give them to the King of Qi." Tiao answered, "Qi should have its own palace attendant for that." He pulled over a pillow and lay down. Alarmed, the messenger urged Tiao to plead illness and find a substitute; Tiao said, "I am not ill — what excuse should I give?" He walked out through the Eastern Side Gate in full court dress, boarded his carriage, and went home. Wang Jian was appointed Palace Attendant and took the seal and cord instead. After the ceremony the emperor rode out through the Eastern Side Gate to his eastern residence and asked, "Why is there no ceremonial music today?" No one beside him answered. Wang Kun, Right Grandee of Splendid Happiness and a cousin of Wang Hua, had served as a court gentleman under Jin; now he seized the otter-tail fringe on the imperial carriage and sobbed, "Others rejoice in long life — I grieve in it. I could not die before my sovereign, and now I must witness this again and again!" He could not stop weeping, and the officials wept with him like rain.
18
司空兼太保褚淵等奉璽綬，帥百官詣齊宮勸進； 王辭讓未受。 淵從弟前安成太守炤謂淵子賁曰：「司空今日何在？」 賁曰：「奉璽綬在齊大司馬門。」 □召曰：「不知汝家司空將一家物與一家，亦復何謂！」 甲午，王即皇帝位於南郊。 還宮，大赦，改元。 奉宋順帝爲汝陰王，優崇之禮，皆仿宋初。 築宮丹楊，置兵守衛之。 宋神主遷汝陰廟，諸王皆降爲公； 自非宣力齊室，餘皆除國，獨置南康、華容、萍鄉三國，以奉劉穆之、王弘、何無忌之後，除國者凡百二十人。 二台官僚，依任攝職，名號不同、員限盈長者，別更詳議。
Chu Yuan, Minister of Works and Grand Tutor, and others carried the seal and cord and led the officials to the Qi palace to urge the duke to accept the throne; but he declined and would not yet accept. Yuan's cousin Chu Zhao, former administrator of Ancheng, asked Yuan's son Ben, "Where is the Minister of Works today?" Ben replied, "Presenting the seal and cord at the Great Marshal's gate of Qi." Zhao said, "So your family's Minister of Works is handing one dynasty's possessions to another — what sort of conduct is that?" On jiawu, he ascended the throne at the Southern Altar. Returning to the palace, he proclaimed a general amnesty and adopted a new reign title. He ennobled Emperor Shun as Prince of Ruyin with honors modeled on those Song had granted the deposed Jin emperor. A residence was built for him in Danyang and garrisoned with troops. The Song imperial ancestral tablets were moved to the Ruyin shrine, and all princes were reduced to dukes; and except for men who had openly served Qi, every other fief was abolished. Only the states of Nankang, Huarong, and Pingxiang were kept, for the descendants of Liu Muzhi, Wang Hong, and He Wuji; one hundred twenty men lost their fiefs altogether. Officials of the two secretariats kept their provisional posts for the time being; titles that no longer matched or establishments that had grown too large were to be reviewed separately.
19
以褚淵爲司徒。 賓客賀者滿座，褚炤歎曰：「彥回少立名行，何意披猖至此！ 門戶不幸，乃復有今日之拜。 使彥回作中書郎而死，不當爲一名士邪！ 名德不昌，用復有期頤之壽！」 淵固辭不拜。
Chu Yuan was appointed Minister of Works. When congratulatory guests filled the hall, Chu Zhao sighed, "Yanhui built his reputation young — who would have thought he would come to this! Our family is ill-fated to see this appointment today. Had Yanhui died as a Secretariat Gentleman, would he not have been remembered as a gentleman of note? His fame never flourished, yet he lives on to a ripe old age!" Yuan firmly refused the post.
20
奉朝請河東裴覬上表，數帝過惡，掛冠徑去； 帝怒，殺之。 太子賾請殺謝朏，帝曰：「殺之遂成其名，正應容之度外耳。」 久之，因事廢於家。
Pei Gui of Hedong, a court attendant, submitted a memorial listing the emperor's crimes, resigned his office, and left; the emperor had him executed in anger. Crown Prince Ze asked that Xie Tiao be killed; the emperor said, "To kill him would only glorify him — better to ignore him entirely." Eventually, on another charge, Tiao was dismissed and confined at home.
21
帝問爲政於前撫軍行參軍沛國劉□獻，對曰：「政在《孝經》。 凡宋氏所以亡，陛下所以得者，皆是也。 陛下若戒前車之失，加之以寬厚，雖危可安； 若循其覆轍，雖安必危矣！」 帝歎曰：「儒者之言，可寶萬世！」
The emperor asked Liu Xian of Pei, formerly a staff officer on the Pacifying Army staff, about government; he answered, "Government lies in the Classic of Filial Piety. Everything that destroyed Song and brought Your Majesty to power is there. If Your Majesty learns from the fallen cart ahead and rules with leniency, even danger can be made safe; but if you follow their tracks, even security will end in peril!" The emperor sighed and said, "A Confucian's words are a treasure for ten thousand generations!"1
22
丙申，魏主如崞山。
On bingshen, the Northern Wei emperor went to Mount Guo.
23
丁酉，以太子詹事張緒爲中書令，齊國左衛將軍陳顯達爲中護軍，右衛將軍李安民爲中領軍。 緒，岱之兄子也。
On dingyou, Zhang Xu became Director of the Secretariat; Chen Xianda, Qi's Left Guard General, became General Protecting the Army; and Li Anmin, Right Guard General, became General Commanding the Army. Xu was a nephew of Zhang Dai.
24
戊戌，以荊州刺史嶷爲尚書令、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、揚州刺史。
On wuxu, Xiao Yan was made Director of the Secretariat, General of Agile Cavalry with an office equal to the Three Excellencies, and governor of Yangzhou.
25
帝命群臣各言得失。 淮南、宣城二郡太守劉善明，請除宋氏大明、泰始以來諸苛政細制，以崇簡易。 又以爲：「交州險遠，宋末政苛，遂至怨叛。 今大化創始，宜懷以恩德。 且彼土所出，唯有珠寶，實非聖朝所須之急。 討伐之事，謂宜且停。」 給事黃門郎清河崔祖思亦上言，以爲：「人不學則不知道，此悖逆禍亂所由生也。 今無員之官，空受祿秩，凋耗民財。 宜開文武二學，課台、府、州、國限外之人各從所樂，依方習業，若有廢惰者，遣還故郡； 經藝優殊者，待以不次。 又，今陛下雖履節儉，而群下猶安習侈靡。 宜褒進朝士之約素清修者，貶退其驕奢荒淫者，則風俗可移矣。」 宋元嘉之世，凡事皆責成郡縣。 世祖徵求急速，以郡縣遲緩，始遣台使督之。 自是使者所在旁午，競作威福，營私納賂，公私勞擾。 會稽太守聞喜公子良上表極陳其弊，以爲：「台有求須，但明下詔敕，爲之期會，則人思自竭； 若有稽遲，自依糾坐之科。 今雖台使盈湊，會取正屬所辦，徒相疑憤，反更淹懈，宜悉停台使。」 員外散騎郎劉思效上言：「宋自大明以來，漸見凋弊，徵賦有加而天府尤貧。 小民嗷嗷，殆無生意； 而貴族富室，以侈麗相高，乃至山澤之民，不敢採食其水草。 陛下宜一新王度，革正其失。」 上皆加褒賞，或以表付外，使有司詳擇所宜，奏行之。 己亥，詔：「二宮諸王，悉不得營立屯邸，封略山湖。」
The emperor asked his ministers each to speak on the strengths and failings of government. Liu Shanming, administrator of Huainan and Xuancheng, urged abolition of the harsh laws and petty regulations dating from Emperor Xiaowu's and Emperor Ming's reigns, in favor of simpler government. He also argued, "Jiaozhou is remote and difficult; under the late Song its harsh rule provoked rebellion. With a new dynasty just begun, they should be won over with kindness. Besides, that region yields only pearls and jewels — nothing the court urgently needs. Military expeditions there should be suspended for now." Cui Zusi of Qinghe, an Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate, also memorialized the throne: "Without learning, people do not know the Way — and from that come rebellion and disorder. Today supernumerary officials draw salaries without posts, draining the people's wealth. Establish civil and military schools, enroll men beyond the regular quotas from the capital, prefectures, provinces, and princedoms to study as they choose, and send the idle back to their home districts; those who excel in the classics should be promoted without regard to seniority. Moreover, though Your Majesty practices frugality, your officials still cling to lavish habits. Reward plain, upright courtiers and demote the arrogant and dissolute, and customs will change." Under Emperor Wen of Song, every task was entrusted to the local commanderies and counties. Emperor Xiaowu demanded rapid collection; when the localities lagged, he began sending capital inspectors to supervise them. From then on capital envoys swarmed everywhere, abusing their power, taking bribes, and exhausting both government and people. Xiao Ziliang, administrator of Kuaiji, memorialized at length against the abuse, arguing, "When the court needs something, it should issue clear orders with deadlines — then people will exert themselves; if there is delay, let the regular penalties apply. Today, though envoys crowd in, they ultimately rely on what local officials have done — breeding only suspicion and delay. All such envoys should be abolished." Liu Sixiao, a supernumerary cavalier attendant, also memorialized: "Since the Daming era, the dynasty has declined; taxes have risen while the treasury has grown poorer still. The common people cry out in misery, barely able to survive; while the rich compete in luxury, until even mountain folk dare not gather wild plants or fish from the streams. Your Majesty should renew the norms of kingship and correct these abuses." The emperor praised and rewarded each man, and referred some memorials to the ministries to select what was suitable and put into practice. “On jihai, an edict declared that princes of both palaces and all other princes were forbidden to build private estates or seize mountains and lakes.”2
26
魏主還平城。
The Northern Wei emperor returned to Pingcheng.
27
魏秦州刺史尉洛侯、雍州刺史宜都王目辰、長安鎮將陳提等皆坐貪殘不法，洛侯、目辰伏誅，提徙邊。
The Wei governors Wei Luohou of Qinzhou and Prince Muchen of Yidu, and the Chang'an garrison commander Chen Ti, were all convicted of corruption and cruelty; Luohou and Muchen were executed, and Ti was exiled.
28
又詔以「候官千數，重罪受賕不列，輕罪吹毛髮舉，宜悉罷之。」 更置謹直者數百人，使防邏街衢，執喧斗而已。 自是吏民始得安業。
“Another edict declared that the thousands of secret police who ignored major crimes for bribes yet prosecuted trivial offenses should all be dismissed.” Several hundred honest patrolmen were appointed instead, to guard the streets and deal only with brawls. From then on officials and commoners could live in peace.
29
自泰始以來，內外多虞，將帥各募部曲，屯聚建康。 李安民上表，以爲：「自非淮北常備外，餘軍悉皆輸遣； 若親近宜立隨身者，聽限人數。」 上從之； 五月，辛亥，詔斷眾募。
Since the Taishi era, turmoil at home and abroad had led every general to recruit private troops and concentrate them at Jiankang. “Li Anmin memorialized that except for the standing army north of the Huai, all other troops should be sent home; and if commanders needed personal guards, their numbers should be strictly limited." The emperor agreed; and in the fifth month, on xinhai, he forbade private recruitment.
30
壬子，上賞佐命之功，褚淵、王儉等進增爵、戶各有差。 處士何點謂人曰：「我作《齊書》已竟，贊云：『淵既世族，儉亦國華； 不賴舅氏，遑恤國家！』」 點，尚之之孫也。 淵母宋始安公主，繼母吳郡公主； 又尚巴西公主。 儉母武康公主； 又尚陽羨公主。 故點云然。
On renzi, the emperor rewarded those who had helped him seize power; Chu Yuan, Wang Jian, and others received increased ranks and fiefs according to their merit. The recluse He Dian remarked, "I have finished my Book of Qi; its encomium runs: 'Yuan is of a great clan, Jian a jewel of the state; relying not on their own merit but on their imperial in-laws — how could they care for the realm!' Dian was a grandson of He Shangzhi.' Yuan's mother had been the Princess of Shian; his stepmother was the Princess of Wu; and he himself married the Princess of Baxi. Jian's mother was the Princess of Wukang; and he married the Princess of Yangxian. Hence Dian's remark.
31
己未，或走馬過汝陰王之門，衛士恐有爲亂者奔入殺王，而以疾聞，上不罪而賞之。 辛酉，殺宋宗室陰安公燮等，無少長皆死。 前豫州刺史劉澄之，遵考之子也，與褚淵善，淵爲之固請曰：「澄之兄弟不武，且於劉宗又疏。」 故遵考之族獨得免。
On jiwei, a horseman rode past the Prince of Ruyin's gate; the guards, fearing a plot, rushed in and killed the deposed emperor, reporting that he had died of illness. The emperor not only spared them but rewarded them. On xinyou, the Liu princes including the Duke of Yin'an, Xie, were slaughtered to the last man, young and old alike. Liu Chengzhi, former inspector of Yuzhou and son of Liu Zunkao, was a friend of Chu Yuan, who pleaded for him: "Chengzhi and his brothers are not warriors and are only distantly related to the Liu house." Only Zunkao's branch of the family was spared.
32
丙寅，追尊皇考曰宣皇帝，皇妣陳氏曰孝皇后。
On bingyin, the emperor posthumously honored his father as Emperor Xuan and his mother, Lady Chen, as Empress Xiao.
33
丁卯，封皇子鈞爲衡陽王。
On dingmao, the prince Jun was enfeoffed as Prince of Hengyang.
34
上謂兗州刺史垣崇祖曰：「吾新得天下，索虜必以納劉昶爲辭，侵犯邊鄙。 壽陽當虜之沖，非卿無以制此虜也。」 乃徙崇祖爲豫州刺史。
The emperor told Yuan Chongzu, inspector of Yanzhou, "I have only just taken the throne; the northerners will surely use their sheltering of Liu Chang as a pretext to raid the frontier. Shouyang lies in their path — only you can hold them back." He transferred Chongzu to Yuzhou as inspector.
35
六月，丙子，誅游擊將軍姚道和，以其貳於沈攸之也。
In the sixth month, on bingzi, Mobile General Yao Daohe was executed for having sided with Shen Youzhi.
36
甲子，立太子賾爲皇太子； 皇子嶷爲豫章王，映爲臨川王，暠爲安成王，鏘爲鄱陽王，鑠爲桂陽王，鑒爲廣陵王； 皇孫長懋爲南郡王。
On jiazi, Ze was formally invested as crown prince; and his sons Yan, Ying, Gao, Qiang, Shuo, and Jian were made princes of Yuzhang, Linchuan, Ancheng, Poyang, Guiyang, and Guangling; while his grandson Changmao was made Prince of Nan Commandery.
37
乙酉，葬宋順帝於遂寧陵。
On yiyou, the deposed Emperor Shun of Song was buried at Suining Mausoleum.
38
帝以建康居民舛雜，多奸盜，欲立符伍以相檢括，右僕射王儉諫曰：「京師之地，四方輻湊，必也持符，於事既煩，理成不曠； 謝安所謂『不爾何以爲京師』也。」 乃止。
Because Jiankang's population was mixed and crime rampant, the emperor wished to impose household registration and mutual surveillance. Wang Jian, Right Vice Director, objected: "The capital draws people from every quarter — requiring passes at every turn would burden everyone and defeat its own purpose; as Xie An said, 'if it were not so, how could it be the capital.'" The emperor abandoned the plan.
39
初，交州刺史李長仁卒，從弟叔獻代領州事，以號令未行，遣使求刺史於宋。 宋以南海太守沈煥爲交州刺史，以叔獻爲煥寧遠司馬、武平、新昌二郡太守。 叔獻既得朝命，人情服從，遂發兵守險，不納煥。 煥停鬱林，病卒。
When Li Changren, inspector of Jiaozhou, died, his cousin Shuxian took over the province but, lacking imperial authority, asked Song to appoint a governor. Song named Shen Huan of Nanhai inspector of Jiaozhou and made Shuxian his deputy with command over Wuping and Xinchang. Once Shuxian held the court's commission, he won local support, garrisoned the passes, and refused to admit Huan. Huan halted at Yulin and died there of illness.
40
秋，七月，丁未，詔曰：「交趾、比景獨隔書朔，斯乃前運方季，因迷遂往。 宜曲赦交州，即以叔獻爲刺史，撫安南土。」
In autumn, on the seventh month's dingwei day, an edict declared, "Jiaozhi and Bijing alone have been cut off from the court's calendar — a legacy of the previous dynasty's decline and their own confusion. Grant a special amnesty in Jiaozhou, appoint Shuxian inspector, and pacify the south."3
41
魏葭蘆鎮主楊廣香請降，丙辰，以廣香爲沙州刺史。
Yang Guangxiang, the Wei garrison commander at Jialu, surrendered; on bingchen he was made governor of Shazhou.
42
八月，乙亥，魏主如方山； 丁丑，還宮。
In the eighth month, on yihai, the Wei emperor visited Mount Fang; and on dingchou returned to the palace.
43
上聞魏將入寇，九月，乙巳，復以豫章王嶷爲荊、湘二州刺史，都督如故； 以臨川王映爲揚州刺史。
Hearing that Wei would invade, in the ninth month, on yisi, the emperor again made Prince Yan of Yuzhang inspector of Jing and Xiang with his former command; and Prince Ying of Linchuan governor of Yangzhou.
44
丙午，以司空褚淵領尚書令。
On bingwu, Chu Yuan, Minister of Works, was made acting Director of the Secretariat.
45
壬子，魏以侍中、司徒、東陽王丕爲太尉，侍中、尚書右僕射陳建爲司徒，侍中、尚書代人苟頹爲司空。
On renzi, Wei appointed Prince Pi of Dongyang Grand Marshal, Chen Jian Minister of Works, and Gou Tui Minister of the Masses.
46
己未，魏安樂厲王長樂謀反，賜死。
On jiwei, Prince Changle of Anle plotted rebellion and was ordered to take his own life.
47
庚申，魏隴西宣王源賀卒。
On gengshen, Yuan He, Prince Xuan of Longxi, died.
48
冬，十月，己巳朔，魏大赦。
In winter, on the first day of the tenth month, Wei proclaimed a general amnesty.
49
癸未，汝陰太妃王氏卒，謚曰宋恭皇后。
On guiwei, the Dowager Consort Wang of Ruyin died and was posthumously titled Empress Gong of Song.
50
初，晉壽民李烏奴與白水氐楊成等寇梁州，梁州刺史范柏年説降烏奴，擊楊成等，破之。 及沈攸之事起，柏年遣兵出魏興，聲雲入援，實候望形勢。 事平，朝廷遣王玄邈代之。 詔柏年與烏奴俱下，烏奴勸柏年不受代； 柏年計未決，玄邈已至。 柏年乃留烏奴於漢中，還至魏興，盤桓不進。 左衛率豫章胡諧之嘗就柏年求馬，柏年曰：「馬非狗也，安能應無已之求！」 待使者甚薄； 使者還，語諧之曰：「柏年云：『胡諧之何物狗！ 所求無厭！』」 諧之恨之，譖於上曰：「柏年恃險聚眾，欲專據一州。」 上使雍州刺史南郡王長懋誘柏年，啟爲府長史。 柏年至襄陽，上欲不問，諧之曰：「見虎格得，而縱上山乎？」 甲午，賜柏年死。 李烏奴叛入氐，依楊文弘，引氐兵千餘人寇梁州，陷白馬戍。 王玄邈使人詐降誘烏奴，烏奴輕兵襲州城，玄邈伏兵邀擊，大破之，烏奴挺身復走入氐。
Earlier, Li Wunu of Jinshou and the Di chieftain Yang Cheng had raided Liangzhou; Inspector Fan Bonian persuaded Wunu to submit and defeated Yang Cheng's forces. When Shen Youzhi rebelled, Bonian marched out of Weixing claiming to aid the court while in fact waiting to see which side would win. After the rebellion was crushed, the court sent Wang Xuanmiao to replace him. An edict ordered Bonian and Wunu to leave the region; Wunu urged Bonian to refuse replacement; but before Bonian could decide, Xuanmiao had already arrived. Bonian left Wunu at Hanzhong, returned to Weixing, and lingered without proceeding to the capital. Hu Xiezhi of the Left Guard once asked Bonian for horses; Bonian refused: "Horses are not dogs — I cannot satisfy endless demands!" He treated the envoy contemptuously; the envoy reported to Xiezhi that Bonian had called him "some sort of cur whose "demands know no end." Xiezhi bore a grudge and slandered Bonian to the emperor, saying he was gathering troops in the mountains to seize the province for himself." The emperor had Prince Changmao of Nankang lure Bonian to his staff as chief of staff. When Bonian reached Xiangyang, the emperor wished to spare him; Xiezhi said, "When you have caught a tiger, do you let it back up the mountain?" On jiawu, Bonian was ordered to take his own life. Li Wunu rebelled, joined the Di under Yang Wenhong, and with more than a thousand Di warriors raided Liangzhou and captured Baima Garrison. Wang Xuanmiao feigned surrender to lure Wunu into a light attack on the capital; his ambush routed the raiders, and Wunu alone fled back to the Di.
51
初，玄邈爲青州刺史，上在淮陰，爲宋太宗所疑，欲北附魏，遣書結玄邈，玄邈長史清河房叔安曰：「將軍居方州之重，無故舉忠孝而棄之，三齊之土，寧蹈東海而死耳，不敢隨將軍也！」 玄邈乃不答上書。 及罷州還，至淮陰，嚴軍直過； 至建康，啟太宗，稱上有異志。 及上爲驃騎，引爲司馬，玄邈甚懼，而上待之如初。 及破烏奴，上曰：「玄邈果不負吾意遇也。」 叔安爲寧蜀太守，上賞其忠正，欲用爲梁州，會病卒。
Years before, when Xuanmiao was inspector of Qingzhou, the future emperor at Huaiyin, suspect in the eyes of Emperor Ming, had written inviting him to defect to Wei. Xuanmiao's chief of staff Fang Shuan protested: "You hold a great provincial command — the people of the Three Qis would drown themselves in the Eastern Sea rather than follow you in abandoning loyalty!" Xuanmiao ignored the letter. When he later passed through Huaiyin on his way home, he marched past in full battle order; and at Jiankang reported to Emperor Ming that the man had treasonous designs. When the emperor became General of Agile Cavalry, he summoned Xuanmiao as his marshal; Xuanmiao was terrified, but the emperor treated him as before. After defeating Wunu, the emperor said, "Xuanmiao has indeed proved worthy of how I treated him." Shuan became administrator of Ningshu; the emperor wished to reward his loyalty with Liangzhou, but he died of illness before the appointment.
52
十一月，辛亥，立皇太子妃斐氏。
In the eleventh month, on xinhai, the crown prince's consort, Lady Pei, was formally invested.
53
癸丑，魏遣假梁郡王嘉督二將出淮陰，隴西公琛督三將出廣陵，河東公薛虎子督三將出壽陽，奉丹楊王劉昶入寇； 許昶以克復舊業，世胙江南，稱籓於魏。 蠻酋桓誕請爲前驅，以誕爲南征西道大都督。 義陽民謝天蓋自稱司州刺史，欲以州附魏，魏樂陵鎮將韋珍引兵渡淮應接。 豫章王嶷遣中兵參軍蕭惠朗將二千人，助司州刺史蕭景先討天蓋，韋珍略七千餘戶而去。 景先，上之從子也。 南兗州刺史王敬則聞魏將濟淮，委鎮還建康，士民驚散，既而魏竟不至。 上以其功臣，不問。
On guichou, Wei sent Prince Jia of Liang with two generals from Huaiyin, Duke Chen of Longxi with three from Guangling, and Duke Xue Huzi of Hedong with three from Shouyang, escorting Liu Chang of Danyang in an invasion; Chang was promised restoration to the throne south of the Yangtze and acknowledged Wei as his suzerain. The tribal chieftain Huan Dan volunteered as vanguard and was made grand commander of the western wing of the southern expedition. Xie Tiangai of Yiyang declared himself inspector of Sizhou and offered to defect to Wei; Wei Zhen of Leling crossed the Huai to support him. Prince Yan sent Xiao Huilang with two thousand men to aid Inspector Xiao Jingxian against Tiangai; Wei Zhen carried off more than seven thousand households and withdrew. Jingxian was the emperor's nephew. Wang Jingze, inspector of South Yanzhou, hearing that Wei would cross the Huai, abandoned his post and fled to Jiankang, throwing the region into panic — yet in the end the northerners never came. The emperor let the matter pass, treating Wang Jingze as a servant who had earned his grace.
54
上之輔宋也，遣驍騎將軍王洪範使柔然，約與共攻魏。 洪範自蜀出吐谷渾，歷西域，乃得達。 至是，柔然十餘萬騎寇魏，至塞上而還。
When the future emperor was still serving Song, he had sent Wang Hongfan as envoy to Rouran to arrange a joint campaign against Wei. Hongfan had left through Shu, crossed Tuyuhun and the Western Regions, and only then reached them. By then the Rouran had sent more than a hundred thousand horsemen against Wei, who reached the border and withdrew.
55
是歲，魏詔中書監高允議定律令。 允雖篤老，而志識不衰。 詔以允家貧養薄，令樂部絲竹十人五日一詣允以娛其志，朝晡給膳，朔望致牛酒，月給衣服綿絹； 入見則備幾杖，問以政治。
That year Wei ordered Gao Yun, director of the Secretariat, to draft revised laws. Though Gao Yun was very old, his mind remained sharp. The court, finding his household poor and his stipend meager, sent ten musicians from the Music Office every five days for his pleasure, supplied two meals daily, beef and wine on the first and fifteenth, and monthly rations of cloth and silk; At imperial audiences he was given a seat and staff and consulted on state affairs.
56
契丹莫賀弗勿干帥部落萬餘口入附於魏，居白狼水東。
Wugan, mohuo-fu of the Khitan, led more than ten thousand tribesmen to submit to Wei and settle east of the White Wolf River.
57
春，正月，戊戌朔，大赦。
On the new moon of the first month in spring, a general amnesty was declared.
58
以司空褚淵爲司徒，尚書右僕射王儉爲左僕射； 淵不受。
Chu Yuan was promoted from minister of works to minister of education, and Wang Jian from right to left vice director of the Secretariat; Chu Yuan declined the appointment.
59
辛丑，上祀南郊。
On xinchou the emperor sacrificed at the southern suburb.
60
魏隴西公琛等攻拔馬頭戍，殺太守劉從。 乙卯，詔內外纂嚴，發兵拒魏，征南郡王長懋爲中軍將軍，鎮石頭。
Wei's Duke Chen of Longxi and others captured Matou Garrison and killed its administrator Liu Cong. On yimao the court mobilized for war, summoned troops against Wei, and posted Prince Changmao of Nankang at Shitou as general of the central army.
61
魏廣川王略卒。
Wei's Prince Lüe of Guangchuan died.
62
魏師攻鐘離，徐州刺史崔文仲擊破之。 文仲遣軍主崔孝伯渡淮，攻魏茌眉戍主龍得侯等，殺之。 文仲，祖思之族人也。
When Wei attacked Zhongli, Xuzhou inspector Cui Wenzhong routed them. Wenzhong sent Cui Xiaobo across the Huai to attack the Chimei garrison and kill its commander Long Dehou and his men. Cui Wenzhong was a kinsman of the Cui clan of Qinghe, to which Zusi belonged.
63
群蠻依阻山谷，連帶荊、湘、雍、郢、司五州之境，聞魏師入寇，官盡發民丁，南襄城蠻秦遠乘虛寇潼陽，殺縣令。 司州蠻引魏兵寇平昌，平昌戍主苟元賓擊破之。 北上黃蠻文勉德寇汶陽，汶陽太守戴元賓棄城奔江陵，豫章王嶷遣中兵參軍劉伾緒將千人討之，至當陽，勉德請降，秦遠遁去。
Tribal peoples held the mountain valleys across five provinces; when Wei invaded, the state drafted every able man; Qin Yuan of the Nanxiang barbarians seized the chance to raid Tongyang and kill its magistrate. Si province tribes guided Wei raiders against Pingchang, but garrison chief Gou Yuanbin beat them off. Wen Miande of the Beishanghuang tribes raided Wenyang; Administrator Dai Yuanbin fled to Jiangling; Prince Yan sent Liu Pixu with a thousand men; at Dangyang Miande submitted and Qin Yuan escaped.
64
魏將薛道標引兵趣壽陽，上使齊郡太守劉懷慰作冠軍將軍薛淵書以招道標； 魏人聞之，召道標還，使梁郡王嘉代之。 懷慰，乘民之子也。 二月，丁卯朔，嘉與劉昶寇壽陽。 將戰，昶四向拜將士，流涕縱橫，曰：「願同戮力，以雪仇恥！」
As Xue Daobiao of Wei marched on Shouyang, the emperor had Liu Huaiwei forge a letter in the name of Xue Yuan to entice him to defect; Wei heard of the ruse, recalled Daobiao, and sent Prince Jia of Liang in his place. Liu Huaiwei was the son of Chen Min. At the new moon of the second month, Jia and Liu Chang attacked Shouyang. Before battle Liu Chang bowed to his troops on every side, weeping, and said, "Let us fight as one to avenge our disgrace!4
65
魏步騎號二十萬，豫州刺史垣崇祖集文武議之，欲治外城，堰肥水以自固。 皆曰：「昔佛狸入寇，南平王士卒完盛，數倍於今，猶以郭大難守，退保內城。 且自有肥水，未嘗堰也，恐勞而無益。」 崇祖曰：「若棄外城，虜必據之，外修樓櫓，內築長圍，則坐成擒矣。 守郭築堰，是吾不諫之策也。」 乃於城西北堰肥水，堰北築小城，周爲深塹，使數千人守之，曰：「虜見城小，以爲一舉可取，必悉力攻之，以謀破堰； 吾縱水沖之，皆爲流屍矣。」 魏人果蟻附攻小城，崇祖著白紗帽，肩輿上城，晡時，決堰下水； 魏攻城之眾漂墜塹中，人馬溺死以千數。 魏師退走。
With two hundred thousand Wei foot and horse at hand, Yuzhou inspector Yuan Chongzu consulted his staff on damming the Fei River and holding the outer walls. All said, "When Bulai invaded, Nanping had several times our present force yet still abandoned the outer city for the inner citadel. And the Fei has never been dammed — the work may be wasted." Chongzu replied, "Yield the outer city and they will fortify it and ring the inner walls — we would be caught without a fight. Defend the walls and dam the river — that is the plan I mean to follow." He dammed the Fei northwest of the city, built a small fort north of the dam with a deep trench, manned it with thousands, and said, "They will see a small target, think it easy prey, and throw everything at it to break the dam — then I will flood them and leave nothing but corpses in the ditch." The northerners did swarm the small fort; Chongzu, in a white gauze cap, was carried aloft on the walls; in late afternoon he broke the dam. Thousands of men and horses were swept into the moat and drowned. The Wei army retreated.
66
謝天蓋部曲殺天蓋以降。
Xie Tiangai's own troops killed him and defected.
67
宋自孝建以來，政綱弛紊，簿籍訛謬，上詔黃門郎會稽虞玩之等更加檢定，曰：「黃籍，民之大紀，國之治端。 自頃巧偽日甚，何以釐革？」 玩之上表，以爲：「元嘉中，故光祿大夫傅隆年出七十，猶手自書籍，躬加隱校。 今欲求治取正，必在勤明令長。 愚謂宜以元嘉二十七年籍爲正，更立明科，一聽首悔； 迷而不返，依制必戮； 若有虛昧，州縣同科。」 上從之。
Since Emperor Xiaojian's day Song's registers had decayed; the emperor ordered Yu Wanzi and others to audit them, declaring, "The yellow registers are the people's charter and the foundation of rule. Fraud grows worse daily — how shall we reform it?" “Yu Wanzi replied that in Yuannian even Fu Long at seventy had still copied and checked the rolls by hand. True reform depends on diligent, conscientious magistrates. I propose taking the Yuannian 27 register as the standard, offering amnesty to those who confess, and executing those who persist in fraud; holding provinces and districts equally liable for concealed fraud." The emperor approved.
68
上以群蠻數爲叛亂，分荊、益置巴州以鎮之。 壬申，以三巴校尉明慧昭爲巴州刺史，領巴東太守。 是時，齊之境內，有州二十三，郡三百九十，縣千四百八十五。
To suppress recurring tribal revolts, the emperor carved Bazhou out of Jing and Yi. On renshen Ming Huizhao became inspector of Bazhou and administrator of Badong. Qi at this time comprised twenty-three provinces, 390 commanderies, and 1,485 counties.
69
乙酉，崔文仲遣軍主陳靖拔魏竹邑，殺戍主白仲都； 崔叔延破魏睢陵，殺淮陽太守梁惡。
On yiyou Cui Wenzhong's Chen Jing captured Wei's Zhuyi and killed its garrison chief Bai Zhongdu; while Cui Shuyan took Suiling and killed Huaiyang administrator Liang E.
70
三月，丁酉朔，以侍中西昌侯鸞爲郢州刺史。 鸞，帝兄始安貞王道生之子也，早孤，爲帝所養，恩過諸子。
At the third month's new moon, Luan, marquis of Xichang and attendant-in-ordinary, became inspector of Yingzhou. Luan was the orphaned son of the emperor's elder brother Prince Daosheng; the emperor had raised him with more affection than his own sons.
71
魏劉昶以雨水方降，表請還師，魏人許之； 丙午，遣車騎大將軍馮熙將兵迎之。
Liu Chang, citing the rains, asked Wei to let him withdraw; permission was granted; and on bingwu Feng Xi marched out to escort him home.
72
夏，四月，辛巳，魏主如白登山； 五月，丙申朔，如火山； 壬寅，還平城。
In the fourth month of summer the Wei emperor visited White Horse Mountain; at the fifth month's new moon he went to Fire Mountain; and on renyin returned to Pingcheng.
73
自晉以來，建康宮之外城唯設竹籬，而有六門。 會有發白虎樽者，言「白門三重關，竹籬穿不完」。 上感其言，命改立都牆。
Since Jin times Jiankang's outer palace had been fenced with bamboo, with only six gates. Someone opening a white-tiger offering-vessel found a prophecy: "Three gates at White Gate — bamboo fences will not hold." Moved by the omen, the emperor ordered a proper city wall built.
74
李烏奴數乘間出寇梁州，豫章王嶷遣中兵參軍王圖南，將益州兵從劍閣掩擊之； 梁、南秦二州刺史崔慧景發梁州兵屯白馬，與圖南覆背擊烏奴，大破之，烏奴走保武興。 慧景，祖思之族人也。
Li Wunu kept raiding Liangzhou; Prince Yan sent Wang Tunan through Jian'ge with Yi troops in a flank attack; Cui Huijing camped at Baima and, with Tunan attacking front and rear, routed Wunu, who fled to Wuxing. Cui Huijing was another kinsman of Zusi's clan.
75
秋，七月，辛亥，魏主如火山。
In the seventh month the Wei emperor again visited Fire Mountain.
76
戊午，皇太子穆妃裴氏卒。
On wuwu Lady Pei, consort of the crown prince, died.
77
詔南郡王長懋移鎮西州。
Prince Changmao of Nankang was ordered to shift his command to West Province.
78
角城戍主舉城降魏； 秋，八月，丁酉，魏遣徐州刺史梁郡王嘉迎之。 又遣平南將軍郎大檀等三將出朐城，將軍白吐頭等二將出海西，將軍元泰等二將出連口，將軍封延等三將出角城，鎮南將軍賀羅出下蔡，同入寇。
Jiaocheng's garrison chief surrendered to Wei; and in the eighth month Prince Jia of Liang, Wei's inspector of Xuzhou, came to take possession. Wei also sent five columns — Lang Datan from Jucheng, Bai Tutou from Haixi, Yuan Tai from Lian Pass, Feng Yan from Jiaocheng, Heluo from Xia'ai — in a coordinated invasion.
79
甲辰，魏主如方山； 戊申，游武州山石窟寺。 庚戌，還平城。
On jiachen the Wei emperor went to Square Mountain; on wushen toured the cave temples at Wuzhou Mountain; and on gengxu returned to Pingcheng.
80
崔慧景遣長史裴叔保攻李烏奴於武興，爲氐王楊文弘所敗。 九月，甲午朔，日有食之。
Cui Huijing's Pei Shubao besieged Wunu at Wuxing but was beaten by the Di king Yang Wenhong. At the ninth month's new moon there was an eclipse of the sun.
81
丙午，柔然遣使來聘。
On bingwu Rouran sent envoys.
82
汝南太守常元真、龍驤將軍胡青苟降於魏。
Runan administrator Chang Yuanzhen and General Hu Qinggou defected to Wei.
83
閏月，辛巳，遣領軍李安民循行清、泗諸戍以備魏。
In the leap month Li Anmin was dispatched to inspect Qing and Si garrisons against Wei.
84
魏梁郡王嘉帥眾十萬圍朐山，朐山戍主玄元度嬰城固守，青、冀二州刺史范陽盧紹之遣子奐將兵助之。 庚寅，元度大破魏師。 台遣軍主崔靈建等將萬餘人自淮入海，夜至，各舉兩炬； 魏師望見，遁去。
Prince Jia besieged Qushan with a hundred thousand men; Xuan Yuandu held the city; inspectors Lu Shaozhi's son Huan marched to relieve him. On gengyin Yuandu routed the Wei besiegers. The court sent Cui Lingjian with ten thousand men by sea from the Huai; they arrived by night, each man carrying two torches; and at the sight the Wei army fled.
85
冬，十月，王儉固請解選職，許之； 加儉侍中，以太子詹事何戢領選。 上以戢資重，欲加常待，褚淵曰：「聖旨每以蟬冕不宜過多。 臣與王儉既已左珥，若復加戢，則八座遂有三貂； 若帖以驍、游，亦爲不少。」 乃以戢爲吏部尚書，加驍騎將軍。
In the tenth month Wang Jian repeatedly asked to be relieved of personnel selection; the emperor agreed; made him attendant-in-ordinary, and put He Yan in charge of appointments. The emperor wished to give He Yan the attendant title as well; Chu Yuan objected, "Your Majesty has always held that there should not be too many cicada-crowned courtiers. Wang Jian and I already wear one; a third on the eight chief ministers would be excessive; and swift-cavalry and palace posts would still leave the senior ranks crowded." He Yan was made director of the Board of Civil Office and general of swift cavalry instead.
86
甲辰，以沙州刺史楊廣香爲西秦州刺史，又以其子炅爲武都太守。
On jiachen Yang Guangxiang became inspector of West Qinzhou and his son Jiong administrator of Wudou.
87
丁未，魏以昌黎王馮熙爲西道都督，與征南將軍桓誕出義陽，鎮南將軍賀羅出鐘離，同入寇。
On dingwei Wei launched another invasion: Feng Xi commanded the western route with Huan Dan from Yiyang, Heluo from Zhongli.
88
淮北四州民不樂屬魏，常思歸江南，上多遣間諜誘之。 於是，徐州民桓標之、兗州民徐猛子等所在蜂起爲寇盜，聚眾保伍固，推司馬朗之爲主。 魏遣淮陽王尉元、平南將軍薛虎子等討之。
North Huai peoples chafed under Wei and longed for the south; the emperor sent agents to stir them up. Then Xuzhou's Huan Biaozhi, Yanzhou's Xu Mengzi, and others rose across the region, seized Wu Fort, and made Sima Langzhi their chief. Wei sent Prince Yuanyuan of Huaiyang and Xue Huzi to suppress them.
89
十一月，戊寅，丹陽尹王僧虔上言：「郡縣獄相承有上湯殺囚，名爲救疾，實行冤暴。 豈有死生大命，而潛制下邑！ 愚謂囚病必先刺郡，求職司與醫對共診驗，遠縣家人省視，然後處治。」 上從之。
On wuyin Danyang prefect Wang Sengqian protested that local jails routinely boiled sick prisoners alive, calling it "urgent relief" but practicing gross injustice. Life and death are the state's prerogative — no county may usurp them in secret! Sick prisoners should be reported to the commandery, jointly diagnosed, and seen by kin before any sentence is carried out." The emperor accepted his proposal.
90
戊子，以楊難當之孫後起爲北秦州刺史、武都王，鎮武興。
On wuzi Houqi, grandson of Yang Nandang, became prince of Wudou and inspector of North Qinzhou at Wuxing.
91
十二月，戊戌，以司空褚淵爲司徒。 淵入朝，以腰扇障日，征虜功曹劉祥從側過，曰：「作如上舉止，羞面見人，扇障何益！」 淵曰：「寒士不遜！」 祥曰：「不能殺袁、劉，安得免寒士！」 祥，穆之之孫也。 祥好文學，而性韻剛疏，撰《宋書》，譏斥禪代； 王儉密以聞，坐徙廣州而卒。
In the twelfth month Chu Yuan at last accepted appointment as minister of education. When Chu Yuan came to court shading his face with a waist fan, Liu Xiang of the Conquering Barbarians staff passed beside him and said, "Act like that and you ought to be ashamed to show your face—what good is hiding behind a fan?" You impudent clerk!" Yuan snapped." If you could not kill Yuan and Liu, how are you anything but a petty clerk!" Xiang retorted. Xiang was a grandson of Liu Muzhi. Xiang was a literary man, blunt and unrestrained by nature; in his History of Song he mocked the abdication that had brought Qi to power; Wang Jian reported him in secret, and he was exiled to Guangzhou, where he died.
92
太子宴朝臣於玄圃，右衛率沈文季與褚淵語相失，文季怒曰：「淵自謂忠臣，不知死之日何面目見宋明帝！」 太子笑曰：「沈率醉矣」
At a banquet for the court in the Mystic Orchard, Right Guard Commander Shen Wenji quarreled bitterly with Chu Yuan and cried out, "Yuan calls himself loyal—when he dies, what face will he show Emperor Ming of Song?" The crown prince laughed and said, "Commander Shen is drunk."
93
壬子，以豫章王嶷爲中書監、司空、揚州刺史，以臨川王映爲都督荊、雍等九州諸軍事、荊州刺史。
On renzi Prince Liao of Yuzhang was made director of the Secretariat, minister of works, and inspector of Yangzhou; Prince Ying of Linchuan was made commander over nine provinces including Jing and Yong and inspector of Jingzhou.
94
是歲，魏尚書令王睿進爵中山王，加鎮東大將軍； 置王官二十二人，以中書侍郎鄭羲爲傅，郎中令以下皆當時名士。 又拜睿妻丁氏爲妃。
That year Wei's director of the masters of writing, Wang Rui, was enfeoffed as prince of Zhongshan and made grand general who guards the east; twenty-two princely household officers were appointed, with Zheng Xi as tutor and every post from chief of palace attendants down filled by celebrated men. Lady Ding, Rui's wife, was also enfeoffed as princess consort.
95
春，正月，封皇子鋒爲江夏王。
In the first month of spring the emperor enfeoffed his son Feng as prince of Jiangxia.
96
魏人寇淮陽，圍軍主成買於甬城，上遣領軍將軍李安民爲都督，與軍主周盤龍等救之。 魏人緣淮大掠，江北民皆驚走，渡江，成買力戰而死。 盤龍之子奉叔以二百人陷陳深入，魏以萬餘騎張左右翼圍之。 或告盤龍云「奉叔已沒」，盤龍馳馬奮槊，直突魏陳，所向披靡。 奉叔已出，復入求盤龍。 父子兩騎縈擾，魏數萬之眾莫敢當者； 魏師遂敗，殺傷萬計。 魏師退，李安民等引兵追之，戰於孫溪渚，又破之。
Wei raided Huaiyang and besieged Cheng Mai at Yongcheng; the emperor sent Li Anmin, general of the palace guard, as commander with Zhou Panlong and others to relieve the city. Wei forces plundered the Huai line; civilians north of the river fled in terror across the water while Cheng Mai fought to the death. Panlong's son Fengshu drove two hundred men deep into the Wei lines; Wei answered with more than ten thousand horsemen spreading wings to surround them. “When word reached Panlong that Fengshu had fallen, he spurred his horse, levelled his spear, and charged straight through the Wei formation, scattering all before him.” Fengshu had already broken free but turned back into the fight searching for his father. The two riders, father and son, wheeled through the field, and none among Wei's tens of thousands dared stand against them; The Wei army broke; killed and wounded numbered in the tens of thousands. When the Wei army retreated, Li Anmin pursued and defeated them again at Sunxi Islet.
97
己卯，魏主南巡，司空苟頹留守； 丁亥，魏主至中山。
On jimao the Wei emperor toured south, leaving Minister of Works Gou Ti to govern; On dinghai he reached Zhongshan.
98
二月，辛卯朔，魏大赦。
At the second month's new moon on xinmao, Wei proclaimed a general amnesty.
99
丁酉，游擊將軍桓康覆敗魏師於淮陽，進攻樊諧城，拔之。
On dingyou Swift-Cavalry General Huan Kang crushed Wei at Huaiyang and took Fanyu City.
100
魏主自中山如信都； 癸卯，復如中山； 庚戌，還，至肆州。
From Zhongshan the Wei emperor went on to Xindu; On guimao he went back to Zhongshan; On gengxu he turned back and reached Sizhou.
101
沙門法秀以妖術惑眾，謀作亂於平城； 苟頹帥禁兵收掩，悉擒之。 魏主還平城，有司囚法秀，加以籠頭，鐵鎖無故自解。 魏人穿其頸骨，祝之曰：「若果有神，當令穿肉不入。」 遂穿以徇，三日乃死。 議者或欲盡殺道人，馮太后不可，乃止。
The monk Faxiu used sorcery to beguile the people and plotted rebellion at Pingcheng; Gou Ti led the palace guard in a roundup and took them all. When the Wei emperor returned to Pingcheng, Faxiu was imprisoned and fitted with a cangue, yet his iron chains came loose of themselves. They pierced his neck bone and prayed, "If he truly has divine power, let the iron not bite into the flesh." They ran him through for public display, and after three days he died. Some urged killing every monk, but Empress Dowager Feng forbade it and the matter ended.
102
垣崇祖之敗魏師也，恐魏復寇淮北，乃徙下蔡戍於淮東。 既而魏師果至，欲攻下蔡； 聞其內徙，欲夷其故城。 己酉，崇祖引兵渡淮擊魏，大破之，殺獲千計。
After Yuan Chongzu defeated Wei, fearing another raid on the north Huai he moved the Xiakai garrison east of the river. Wei forces soon arrived intending to strike Xiakai; Learning the post had been withdrawn, they meant to raze the old fort. On jiyou Chongzu crossed the Huai and routed Wei, killing or capturing more than a thousand.
103
晉、宋之際，荊州刺史多不領南蠻校尉，別以重人居之。 豫章王嶷爲荊、湘二州刺史，領南蠻。 嶷罷，更以侍中王奐爲之，奐固辭，曰：「西土戎燼之後，痍毀難復。 今復割撤太府，制置偏校，崇望不足助強，語實交能相弊。 且資力既分，職司增廣，眾勞務倍，文案滋煩，竊以爲國計非允。」 癸丑，罷南蠻校尉官。
Under Jin and Song the inspector of Jingzhou often did not hold the southern Man colonelcy; a separate senior officer usually did. Prince Liao of Yuzhang had served as inspector of Jing and Xiang while also holding the southern Man colonelcy. When Liao was relieved, Attendant-in-Ordinary Wang Huan was named to succeed him; Huan firmly declined, saying, "The west has been burned by war and cannot quickly be rebuilt. To split off the grand prefecture again and set up a separate subordinate command adds title without strength and in practice only lets the two offices work against each other. Once resources and manpower are divided, duties multiply, labor doubles, and paperwork swells—I submit this does not serve the state." On guichou the southern Man colonelcy was abolished.
104
三月，辛酉朔，魏主如肆州； 己巳，還平城。
At the third month's new moon on xinyou the Wei emperor went to Sizhou; On jisi he was back at Pingcheng.
105
魏法秀之亂，事連蘭台御史張求等百餘人，皆以反，法當族。 尚書令王睿請誅首惡，宥其餘黨。 乃詔：「應誅五族者，降爲三族； 三族者，門誅； 門誅，止其身。」 所免千餘人。
In the Faxiu affair more than a hundred people, including palace archivist censor Zhang Qiu, were implicated; all were charged with rebellion and liable to clan execution. Director of the masters of writing Wang Rui asked to execute the ringleaders and spare the rest. An edict followed: "Where five clans are to be executed, reduce the sentence to three; where three clans are prescribed, reduce it to execution of the offender's household at the gate; and for household execution, apply the penalty only to the offender himself." More than a thousand people were spared.
106
夏，四月，己亥，魏主如方山。 馮太后樂其山川，曰：「它日必葬我於是，不必祔山陵也。」 乃爲太后作壽陵，又建永固石室於山上，欲以爲廟。
In the fourth month of summer, on jihai, the Wei emperor went to Fangshan. Empress Dowager Feng delighted in its mountains and waters and said, "Bury me here one day; there is no need to join the imperial tombs. A longevity tomb was built for her, and on the mountain the Eternal Firmness stone hall was raised as a shrine.
107
桓標之等有眾數萬，寨險求援； 庚子，詔李安民督諸將往迎之，又使兗州刺史周山圖自淮入清，倍道應接。 淮北民桓磊磈破魏師於抱犢固。 李安民赴救遲留，標之等皆爲魏所滅，餘眾得南歸者尚數千家； 魏人亦掠三萬餘口歸平城。
Huan Biaozhi and others, tens of thousands strong, held fortified positions and sought relief; On gengzi Li Anmin was ordered to lead the generals to meet them, and Inspector of Yanzhou Zhou Shantu was sent from the Huai into the Qing by forced march to link up. Huan Leikui of north Huai defeated Wei at Baodugu. Li Anmin arrived too late; Biaozhi and the rest were destroyed by Wei, though several thousand households among the survivors reached the south; Wei also carried more than thirty thousand captives back to Pingcheng.
108
魏任城康王雲卒。 五月，壬戌，鄧至王像舒遣使入貢於魏。 鄧至者，羌之別種，國於宕昌之南。
Prince Kang of Rencheng, Yun of Wei, died. In the fifth month, on renxu, King Xiangshu of Dengzhi sent envoys with tribute to Wei. The Dengzhi were a Qiang offshoot whose state lay south of Dangchang.
109
六月，壬子，大赦。
In the sixth month, on renzi, the court proclaimed a general amnesty.
110
甲辰，魏中山宣王王睿卒。 睿疾病，太皇太后、魏主累至其家視疾。 及卒，贈太宰，立廟於平城南。 文士爲睿作哀詩及言耒者百餘人，及葬，自稱親姻、義舊，縗絰哭送者千餘人。 魏主以睿子中散大夫襲代睿爲尚書令，領吏部曹。
On jiachen Prince Xuan of Zhongshan, Wang Rui of Wei, died. When Rui fell ill, the grand empress dowager and the Wei emperor repeatedly visited his home. At his death he was posthumously made grand mentor, and a temple was established south of Pingcheng. More than a hundred literati wrote elegies and dirges for him; at the burial more than a thousand who called themselves kin by marriage or old friends followed in mourning dress, weeping. The Wei emperor had Rui's son Xi, a gentleman attendant at the palace library, succeed him as director of the masters of writing, overseeing personnel.
111
戊午，魏封皇叔簡爲齊郡王，猛爲安豐王。
On wuwu Wei enfeoffed the emperor's uncle Jian as prince of Qijun and Meng as prince of Anfeng.
112
秋，七月，己未朔，日有食之。
At the seventh month's new moon on jiwei there was a solar eclipse.
113
上使後軍參軍車僧朗使於魏。 甲子，僧朗至平城，魏主問曰：「齊輔宋日淺，何故遽登大位？」 對曰：「虞、夏登庸，身陟元後，魏、晉匡輔，貽厥子孫，時宜各異耳。」
The emperor dispatched Rear Army Attendant Che Senglang as envoy to Wei. On jiazi Senglang reached Pingcheng. The Wei emperor asked, "Qi assisted Song for so brief a time—why did you suddenly take the throne? He replied, "Yu and Xia rose by promotion and took the throne themselves; Wei and Jin assisted others and bequeathed power to their descendants—each age has its proper way.5
114
辛酉，柔然別帥他稽帥眾降魏。
On xinyou Taji, a separate Rouran chief, led his followers in surrender to Wei.
115
楊文弘遣使請降，詔復以爲北秦州刺史。 先是，楊廣香卒，其眾半奔文弘，半奔梁州。 文弘遣楊後起據白水。 上雖授以官爵，而陰敕晉壽太守楊公則使伺便圖之。
Yang Wenhong sent envoys requesting surrender, and an edict restored him as inspector of North Qinzhou. Earlier Yang Guangxiang had died; half his followers fled to Wenhong, half to Liangzhou. Wenhong sent Yang Houqi to occupy Baishui. Though the emperor invested him with office and rank, he secretly ordered Yang Gongze, administrator of Jinshou, to watch for a chance to destroy him.
116
宋升明中，遣使者殷靈誕、苟昭先如魏，聞上受禪，靈誕謂魏典客曰：「宋、魏通好，憂患是同。 宋今滅亡，魏不相救，何用和親！」 及劉昶入寇，靈誕請爲昶司馬，不許。 九月，庚午，魏閱武於南郊，因宴群臣，置車僧朗於靈誕下，僧朗不肯就席，曰：「靈誕昔爲宋使，今爲齊民。 乞魏主以禮見處。」 靈誕遂與相忿詈。 劉昶賂宋降人解奉君於會刺殺僧朗，魏人收奉君，誅之； 厚送僧朗之喪，放靈誕等南歸。 及世祖即位，昭先具以靈誕之語啟聞，靈誕坐下獄死。
During Song's Shengming era envoys Yin Lingdan and Gou Zhaoxian were sent to Wei; when they learned the emperor had received the abdication, Lingdan told Wei's director of guests, "Song and Wei were allies and shared the same anxieties. Song is destroyed and Wei did not rescue it—what use is alliance by marriage!" When Liu Chang invaded, Lingdan asked to serve as his chief of staff but was refused. In the ninth month, on gengwu, Wei reviewed troops at the southern suburb and feasted the court, seating Che Senglang below Lingdan. Senglang refused his seat and said, "Lingdan was once Song's envoy; he is now a subject of Qi. I ask the Wei emperor to seat us according to proper ritual." Lingdan and he then cursed each other in fury. Liu Chang bribed the Song defector Xie Fengjun to assassinate Senglang at the gathering; Wei seized Fengjun and executed him; Senglang's body was sent back with full honors, and Lingdan and the rest were released to return south. When Shizu took the throne, Zhaoxian reported Lingdan's words in full, and Lingdan was imprisoned and died.
117
辛未，柔然主遣使來聘，與上書，謂上爲「足下」，自稱曰「吾」，遣上師子皮褲褶，約共伐魏。
On xinwei the Rouran ruler sent envoys and wrote addressing the emperor as "below your feet," calling himself "I," sending a lion-skin jacket and trousers and proposing a joint campaign against Wei.
118
魏尉元、薛虎子克五固，斬司馬朗之，東南諸州皆平。 尉元入爲侍中、都曹尚書，薛虎子爲彭城鎮將，遷徐州刺史。 時州鎮戍兵，資絹自隨，不入公庫。 虎子上表，以爲：「國家欲取江東，先須積穀彭城。 切惟在鎮之兵，不減數萬，資糧之絹，人十二匹； 用度無准，未及代下，不免饑寒，公私損費。 今徐州良田十萬餘頃，水陸肥沃，清、汴通流，足以溉灌。 若以兵絹市牛，可得萬頭，興置屯田，一歲之中，且給官食。 半兵芸殖，餘兵屯戍，且耕且守，不妨捍邊。 一年之收，過於十倍之絹； 暫時之耕，足充數載之食。 於後兵資皆貯公庫，五稔之後，谷帛俱溢，非直戍卒豐飽，亦有吞敵之勢。」 魏人從之。 虎子爲政有惠愛，兵民懷之。 會沛郡太守邵安、下邳太守張攀以贓污爲虎子所案，各遣子上書，告虎子與江南通，魏主曰：「虎子必不然。」 推按，果虛，詔安、攀皆賜死，二子各鞭一百。 吐谷渾王拾寅卒，世子度易侯立。 冬，十月，戊子朔，以度易侯爲西秦、河二州刺史、河南王。
Wei's Yu Yuan and Xue Huzi captured Wugu, beheaded Sima Langzhi, and pacified the southeastern provinces. Yu Yuan entered court as attendant-in-ordinary and director of the central secretariat; Xue Huzi became garrison general of Pengcheng and was transferred to inspector of Xuzhou. At this time provincial and garrison troops carried their own silk rations and did not deposit them in the public storehouse. Huzi submitted a memorial: "If the state intends to take the lands east of the Yangtze, it must first accumulate grain at Pengcheng. The garrison holds no fewer than tens of thousands of men; each man's ration is twelve bolts of silk; expenditures have no fixed standard, and before reliefs arrive the men cannot avoid hunger and cold—waste for public and private alike. Xuzhou has more than a hundred thousand qing of fine farmland, fertile by land and water; the Qing and Bian rivers flow through it and can irrigate. If the troops' silk were used to buy oxen, ten thousand head could be obtained; establish military colonies, and within one year the court could feed itself. Half the soldiers would till and plant, the rest garrison and defend—farming and guarding at once without weakening the frontier. A single year's harvest would be worth more than ten years of silk rations; A season's planting would supply food for several years. Thereafter all military supplies would go into public storehouses; after five harvests grain and cloth would overflow—not only would the garrison troops eat their fill, but the state would also gain the strength to overwhelm its foes." The Wei court adopted the plan. Huzi governed with kindness and compassion, and soldiers and civilians alike held him in affection. When Shao An, prefect of Pei, and Zhang Pan, prefect of Xiapi, were investigated by Huzi for corruption, each sent his son to memorial the throne, accusing Huzi of colluding with the Southern dynasties. The Wei emperor said, "Huzi would never do such a thing. An investigation found the charges baseless. An and Pan were both ordered to take their own lives, and each son was flogged one hundred strokes. Shibin, king of Tuyuhun, died, and his heir Duyihou succeeded him. In winter, the tenth month, on the first day of the cycle (wuzi), Duyihou was appointed governor of Western Qin and He provinces and enfeoffed as Prince of Henan.
119
魏中書令高閭等更定新律成，凡八百三十二章； 門房之誅十有六，大辟二百三十五，雜刑三百七十七。
Gao Lu, Director of the Secretariat of Wei, and others completed the revision of the new legal code—eight hundred thirty-two articles in all; sixteen articles on clan-extinction punishments, two hundred thirty-five capital offenses, and three hundred seventy-seven miscellaneous penalties.
120
初，高昌王闞伯周卒，子義成立； 是歲，其從兄首歸殺義成自立。 高車王可至羅殺首歸兄弟，以敦煌張明爲高昌王。 國人殺明，立馬儒爲王。
Earlier, Kan Bozhou, king of Gaochang, had died, and his son Yicheng succeeded him; That year his older cousin Shougui killed Yicheng and seized the throne. Kezhiluo, king of the Gaoche, killed Shougui and his brothers and installed Zhang Ming of Dunhuang as king of Gaochang. The people of Gaochang killed Ming and enthroned Ma Ru as king.
121
春，正月，壬戌，詔置學生二百人，以中書令張緒爲國子祭酒。
In spring, the first month, on renxu, an edict enrolled two hundred students at the Imperial Academy and appointed Zhang Xu, Director of the Secretariat, as its director.
122
甲戌，魏大赦。
On jiaxu, Wei proclaimed a general amnesty.
123
三月，庚申，上召司徒褚淵、尚書左僕射王儉受遺詔輔太子； 壬戌，殂於臨光殿。 太子即位，大赦。
In the third month, on gengshen, the Emperor summoned Minister over the Masses Chu Yuan and Left Vice Director of the Secretariat Wang Jian to receive his deathbed edict and assist the Crown Prince; On renxu, he died in the Lin'guang Hall. The Crown Prince ascended the throne and proclaimed a general amnesty.
124
高帝沉深有大量，博學能文。 性清儉，主衣中有玉導，上敕中書曰：「留此正是興長病源！」 即命擊碎； 仍案檢有何異物，皆隨此例。 每曰：「使我治天下十年，當使黃金與土同價。」
The High Emperor was deep and reserved, possessed of great forbearance, broadly learned, and skilled in letters. By nature he was austere and frugal. In the wardrobe office he found a jade belt clasp and ordered the Secretariat: "Keeping such things is exactly how one breeds lasting corruption!" He immediately ordered it smashed; then had the wardrobe searched for other luxuries, all of which were destroyed in the same way. He often said, "Give me ten years to govern the realm, and I will make gold worth no more than dirt."
125
乙丑，以褚淵錄尚書事，王儉爲侍中、尚書令，車騎將軍張敬兒開府儀同三司。 丁卯，以前將軍王奐爲尚書左僕射。 庚午，以豫章王嶷爲太尉。
On yichou, Chu Yuan was appointed to oversee the Secretariat; Wang Jian became Palace Attendant and Director of the Secretariat; and General of Chariots and Cavalry Zhang Jinger was granted a grand general's staff with protocol equal to the Three Dukes. On dingmao, former General Wang Huan was appointed Left Vice Director of the Secretariat. On gengwu, Prince Yi of Yuzhang was appointed Grand Commandant.
126
庚辰，魏主臨虎圈，詔曰：「虎狼猛暴，取捕之日，每多傷害； 既無所益，損費良多，從今勿復捕貢。」
On gengchen, the Wei emperor visited the tiger park and issued an edict: "Tigers and wolves are fierce and savage, and capturing them often injures many men; they serve no useful purpose and the cost is great. Henceforth, do not capture them for tribute."
127
夏，四月，庚寅，上大行謚曰高皇帝，廟號太祖。 丙午，葬泰安陵。
In summer, the fourth month, on gengyin, the late emperor was given the posthumous title High Emperor and the temple name Taizu. On bingwu, he was buried at Tai'an Mausoleum.
128
辛卯，追尊穆妃爲皇后。 六月，甲申朔，立南郡王長懋爲皇太子。 丙申，立太子妃王氏。 妃，琅邪人也。 封皇子聞喜公子良爲竟陵王，臨汝公子卿爲廬陵王，應城公子敬爲安陸王，江陵公子懋爲晉安王，枝江公子隆爲隨郡王，子真爲建安王，皇孫昭業爲南郡王。
On xinmao, Consort Mu was posthumously honored as empress. In the sixth month, on the first day of the cycle (jiashen), Prince Changmao of Nanjun was installed as crown prince. On bingshen, Lady Wang was installed as crown princess. The crown princess was a native of Langya. Princes were enfeoffed: Ziliang, son of the Prince of Wenxi, as Prince of Jingling; Ziqing, son of the Prince of Linru, as Prince of Luling; Zijing, son of the Prince of Yingcheng, as Prince of Anlu; Zimao, son of the Prince of Jiangling, as Prince of Jin'an; Zilong, son of the Prince of Zhijiang, as Prince of Suijun; Zizhen as Prince of Jian'an; and the imperial grandson Zhaoye as Prince of Nanjun.
129
司徒褚淵寢疾，自表遜位，世祖不許，淵固請懇切，癸卯，以淵爲司空，領驃騎將軍。 侍中、錄尚書如故。
Minister over the Masses Chu Yuan fell gravely ill and memorialized to resign; Emperor Shizu refused, but Yuan pleaded earnestly. On guimao, he was made Minister of Works and concurrently General of Agile Cavalry. He retained his posts as Palace Attendant and overseer of the Secretariat.
130
秋，七月，魏發州郡五萬人治靈丘道。
In autumn, the seventh month, Wei mobilized fifty thousand men from the provinces and commanderies to repair the Lingqiu road.
131
吏部尚書濟陽江謐，性諂躁，太祖殂，謐恨不豫顧命； 上即位，謐又不遷官； 以此怨望、誹謗。 會上不豫，謐詣豫章王嶷請問，曰：「至尊非起疾東宮又非才，公今欲作何計？」 上知雲，使御史中丞沈沖奏謐前後罪惡，庚寅，賜謐死。
Jiang Mi of Jiyang, Director of the Ministry of Personnel, was fawning and impetuous by nature. When Taizu died, Mi resented being left out of the deathbed testament; when the new emperor took the throne, Mi was passed over for promotion again; and he nursed resentment and spread slander. When the emperor fell ill, Mi went to Prince Yi of Yuzhang and asked, "The sovereign is gravely ill, and the heir in the Eastern Palace lacks ability—what does Your Highness intend to do?" The emperor learned of this and had Censor-in-Chief Shen Chong memorialize Mi's crimes. On gengyin, Mi was ordered to take his own life.
132
癸卯，南康文簡公褚淵卒，世子侍中賁恥其父失節，服除，遂不仕，以爵讓其弟蓁，屏居墓下終身。
On guimao, Wenjian Duke of Nankang Chu Yuan died. His heir Ben, a palace attendant, was ashamed that his father had compromised himself during the dynastic transition; when mourning ended he refused office, ceded his title to his younger brother Zhen, and lived out his days in seclusion beside the tomb.
133
九月，丁巳，以國哀罷國子學。
In the ninth month, on dingsi, the Imperial Academy was closed for national mourning.
134
氐王楊文弘卒。 諸子皆幼，乃以兄子後起爲嗣。 九月，辛酉，魏以後起爲武都王，文弘子集始爲白水太守。 既而集始自立爲王，後起擊破之。
Wenhong, king of the Di, died. All his sons were still young, so he named his elder brother's son Houqi as his successor. In the ninth month, on xinyou, Wei enfeoffed Houqi as Prince of Wudu and appointed Wenhong's son Jishi prefect of Baishui. Soon afterward Jishi declared himself king, but Houqi defeated him.
135
魏以荊州巴、氐擾亂，以鎮西大將軍李崇爲荊州刺史。 崇，顯祖之舅子也。 將之鎮，敕發陝、秦二州兵送之，崇辭曰：「邊人失和，本怨刺史。 今奉詔代之，自然安靖； 但須一詔而已，不煩發兵自防，使之懷懼也。」 魏朝從之。 崇遂輕將數十騎馳至上洛，宣詔慰渝，民夷貼然。 崇命邊戍掠得齊人者悉還之，由是齊人亦還其生口二百許人，二境交和，無復烽燧之警。 久之，徙兗州刺史。
Because the Ba and Di peoples in Jing Province were in revolt, Wei appointed Grand General Who Guards the West Li Chong governor of Jing Province. Li Chong was a nephew by marriage of Emperor Xianzu. As he prepared to take up his post, an edict ordered troops from Shaan and Qin provinces to escort him. Li Chong declined, saying, "The frontier peoples are unsettled because they resented the previous governor. Now that I come by imperial order to replace him, they will naturally be pacified; an edict alone will suffice. There is no need to send troops to protect me and frighten them further." The Wei court agreed. Li Chong then rode lightly with several dozen horsemen to Shangluo, proclaimed the edict, and reassured the people; Han and tribal subjects alike were calmed. Li Chong ordered that all Qi subjects captured on the frontier be returned; in response Qi returned some two hundred captives, the two realms restored peaceful relations, and beacon-fire alarms ceased. After some time he was transferred to governor of Yan Province.
136
兗土舊多劫盜，崇命村置一樓，樓皆懸鼓，盜發之處，亂擊之； 旁村始聞者，以一擊爲節，次二，次三，俄頃之間，聲布百里； 皆發人守險要。 由是盜發無不擒獲。 其後諸州皆效之，自崇始也。
Yan Province had long been plagued by bandits. Li Chong ordered every village to erect a tower with a drum; wherever bandits struck, the drums were beaten in alarm; neighboring villages relayed the alarm—one beat, then two, then three—and within moments the signal spread a hundred li; and men were dispatched to guard every strategic pass. Thereafter no bandit raid went unpunished. Later every province adopted the system; Li Chong was its originator.
137
辛未，以征南將軍王僧虔爲左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司，以尚書右僕射王奐爲湘州刺史。
On xinwei, General Who Conquers the South Wang Sengqian was appointed Left Grandee of Splendid Happiness with a grand general's staff equal to the Three Dukes, and Right Vice Director of the Secretariat Wang Huan was made governor of Xiang Province.
138
宋故建平王景素主簿何昌□、記室王摛及所舉秀才劉璡，前後上書陳景素德美，爲之訟冤。 冬，十月，辛丑，詔聽以士禮還葬舊塋。 璡，□獻之弟也。
He Changyu, former chief clerk to the late Prince Jingsu of Pingping; Wang Chi, his recorder; and Liu Zun, a presented scholar he had recommended—all submitted memorials praising Jingsu's character and pleading his innocence. In winter, the tenth month, on xinchou, an edict permitted Jingsu to be reburied in his original tomb with the rites due a gentleman. Liu Zun was the younger brother of Liu Xian.
139
十一月，魏高祖將親祀七廟，命有司具儀法，依古制備牲牢、器服及樂章； 自是四時常祀皆舉之。
In the eleventh month, the Wei High Ancestor prepared to sacrifice personally at the seven ancestral temples. He ordered the officials to prepare the rites and, following ancient custom, to ready sacrificial offerings, vessels and vestments, and ceremonial music; thereafter the regular seasonal sacrifices were all performed.
140
世祖武皇帝上之上
Emperor Wu of Shizu, Part One (Upper)
141
春，正月，辛亥，上祀南郊，大赦，改元。
In spring, the first month, on xinhai, the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Altar, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the reign title.
142
詔以邊境寧晏，治民之官，普復田秩。
An edict declared that because the frontiers were at peace, local officials should have their field stipends restored.
143
以太尉豫章王嶷領太子太傅。 嶷不參朝務，而常密獻謀畫，上多從之。
Grand Commandant Prince Yi of Yuzhang was appointed Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince. Yi did not attend to routine court business, but often submitted confidential counsel, which the emperor usually accepted.
144
壬戌，立皇弟銳爲南平王，鏗爲宜都王，皇子子明爲武昌王，子罕爲南海王。
On renxu, the emperor's younger brothers Rui and Keng were enfeoffed as Prince of Nanping and Prince of Yidu, and his sons Ziming and Zihan as Prince of Wuchang and Prince of Nanhai.
145
二月，辛巳，以征虜將軍楊炅爲沙州刺史、陰平王。
In the second month, on xinsi, General Who Conquers the Barbarians Yang Jiong was appointed governor of Sha Province and enfeoffed as Prince of Yinping.
146
辛丑，以宕昌王梁彌機爲河、涼二州刺史，鄧至王像舒爲西涼州刺史。
On xinchou, King Miji of Dangchang was appointed governor of He and Liang provinces, and King Xiangshu of Dengzhi governor of Western Liang Province.
147
宋末，以治民之官六年過久，乃以三年爲斷，謂之小滿； 而遷換去來，又不能依三年之制。 三月，癸丑，詔：「自今一以小滿爲限。」
Late in the Song dynasty, because six-year terms for local officials were deemed too long, a three-year limit was set, called xiaoman; yet in practice transfers and replacements rarely adhered to the three-year rule. In the third month, on guichou, an edict declared, "Henceforth the three-year xiaoman term shall be strictly enforced."
148
有司以天文失度，請禳之。 上曰：「應天以實不以文。 我克己求治，思隆惠政； 若災眚在我，禳之何益！」 夏，四月，壬午，昭：「袁粲、劉秉、沈攸之，雖末節不終，而始誠可靈。」 皆命以禮改葬。
Because the heavens showed irregular portents, the officials requested exorcistic rites. The emperor said, "Heaven is answered with deeds, not with ceremony. I restrain myself and seek good governance, striving to extend benevolent rule; if the fault lies with me, what good would exorcism do!" In summer, the fourth month, on renwu, a proclamation declared, "Yuan Can, Liu Bing, and Shen Youzhi—though their final conduct did not end well, their initial loyalty was genuine and deserves to be remembered. All three were ordered reburied with proper honors.
149
上之爲太子也，自以年長，與太祖同創大業，朝事大小，率皆專斷，多違制度。 信任左右張景真，景真驕侈，被服什物，僭擬乘輿； 內外畏之，莫敢言者。 司空咨議荀伯玉，素爲太祖所親厚，歎曰：「太子所爲，官終不知，豈得畏死，蔽官耳目！ 我不啟聞，誰當啟者！」 因太子拜陵，密以啟太祖。 太祖怒，命檢校東宮。
As crown prince, he considered himself senior in years and a co-founder of the dynasty with Taizu. He decided most court affairs on his own, often in defiance of established rules. He placed his trust in his attendant Zhang Jingzhen, who grew arrogant and extravagant, dressing and furnishing himself in styles reserved for the emperor; court and palace alike feared him, and no one dared speak out. Xun Boyu, consultant to the Minister of Works, had long been favored by Taizu. He sighed and said, "The crown prince's conduct is unknown to the court. How can I fear death and blind the emperor's eyes and ears! If I do not report it, who will!" When the crown prince went to pay respects at the imperial tombs, Boyu secretly reported the matter to Taizu. Taizu was enraged and ordered an investigation of the Eastern Palace.
150
太子拜陵還，至方山，晚，將泊舟，豫章王嶷自東府乘飛燕東迎太子，告以上怒之意。 太子夜歸，入宮，太祖亦停門籥待之。 明日，太祖使南郡王長懋、聞喜公子良宣敕詰責，並示以景真罪狀，使以太子令收景真，殺之。 太子憂懼，稱疾。
The crown prince was returning from the tombs when, reaching Fangshan at evening and about to moor, Prince Yi of Yuzhang rode the swift vessel Feiyan from the Eastern Palace to meet him and warn him of Taizu's wrath. The crown prince returned that night and entered the palace; Taizu waited for him at the barred gate. The next day Taizu sent Prince Changmao of Nanjun and Ziliang, son of the Prince of Wenxi, to deliver an imperial rebuke, present Zhang Jingzhen's crimes, and by the crown prince's order seize and execute him. The crown prince, anxious and afraid, feigned illness.
151
月餘，太祖怒不解，晝臥太陽殿，王敬則直入，叩頭啟太祖曰：「官有天下日淺，太子無事被責，人情恐懼； 願官往東宮解釋之。」 太祖無言。 敬則因大聲宣旨，裝束往東宮，又敕太官設饌，呼左右索輿，太祖了無動意。 敬則索衣被太祖，乃牽強登輿。 太祖不得已至東宮，召諸王宴於玄圃。 長沙王晃捉華蓋，臨川王映執雉尾扇，聞喜公子良持酒鎗，南郡王長懋行酒，太子及豫章王嶷、王敬則自捧酒饌，至暮，盡醉乃還。
For more than a month Taizu's wrath did not abate. He spent his days resting in the Hall of the Grand Sun. Wang Jingze went straight in, kowtowed, and pleaded with Taizu: "Your Majesty has held the realm only a short while; the crown prince has been punished without cause, and people everywhere are afraid. I beg Your Majesty to visit the Eastern Palace and set matters right." Taizu said nothing. Jingze then proclaimed the imperial intent in a loud voice, dressed himself, and set out for the Eastern Palace. He ordered the imperial kitchen to prepare a feast and summoned attendants to bring the carriage, but Taizu showed no sign of moving. Jingze fetched clothes and dressed Taizu, then practically dragged him into the carriage. Taizu reluctantly went to the Eastern Palace and summoned the princes to a banquet in the Mystic Garden. Prince Huang of Changsha held the imperial canopy; Prince Ying of Linchuan carried the pheasant-tail fan; Ziliang, son of the Prince of Wenxi, bore the wine ladle; Prince Changmao of Nanjun poured the wine; and the crown prince, Prince Yi of Yuzhang, and Wang Jingze personally served the food and drink. They feasted until evening and returned utterly drunk.
152
太祖嘉伯玉忠藎，愈見親信，軍國密事，多委使之，權動朝右。 遭母憂，去宅二里許，冠蓋已塞路。 左率蕭景先、侍中王晏共吊之，自旦至暮，始得前。 比出，饑乏，氣息惙然，憤悒形於聲貌。 明日，言於太祖曰：「臣等所見二宮門庭，比荀伯玉宅可張雀羅矣。」 晏，敬弘之從子也。
Taizu praised Boyu for his loyal devotion and trusted him all the more. He entrusted him with many secret matters of war and state, and Boyu's power came to rival the highest ministers at court. When his mother died, the road was already choked with officials' carriages less than two li from his home. Left Guard Commander Xiao Jingxian and Palace Attendant Wang Yan went together to offer condolences. From dawn until dusk they could barely get through to him. When they finally got out, they were hungry and exhausted, barely able to catch their breath; their anger and dismay showed plainly in voice and face. The next day they told Taizu: "The courtyards at both palaces were so empty you could spread nets for birds there—unlike the crush at Xun Boyu's house." Wang Yan was a nephew of Wang Jinghong.
153
驍騎將軍陳胤叔，先亦白景真及太子得失，而語太子皆云「伯玉以聞」。 太子由是深怨伯玉。
Cavalry General Chen Yinshu had also reported Jingzhen's misconduct and the crown prince's failings to the emperor, yet whenever he spoke to the crown prince he said only, "Boyu reported it." From this the crown prince came to hate Boyu bitterly.
154
太祖陰有以豫章王嶷代太子之意，而嶷事太子愈謹，故太子友愛不衰。
Taizu secretly considered replacing the crown prince with Prince Yi of Yuzhang, but Yi grew ever more devoted in serving the crown prince, so their bond of affection never weakened.
155
豫州刺史垣崇祖不親附太子，會崇祖破魏兵，太祖召還朝，與之密謀。 太子疑之，曲加禮待，謂曰：「世間流言，我已豁懷； 自今以富貴相付。」 崇祖拜謝。 會太祖復遣荀伯玉，敕以邊事，受旨夜發，不得辭東宮； 太子以爲不盡誠，益銜之。
Yuan Chongzu, provincial inspector of Yuzhou, had never been close to the crown prince. After Chongzu defeated Wei forces, Taizu recalled him to court and took him into his confidence. The crown prince suspected him but treated him with elaborate courtesy, saying, "As for the rumors in the world, I have put them out of my mind. From now on I entrust wealth and honor to you." Chongzu bowed his thanks. Just then Taizu again dispatched Xun Boyu with orders on frontier affairs. Boyu received the edict and set out that very night without taking leave at the Eastern Palace; The crown prince took this as a lack of sincerity and resented him all the more.
156
太祖臨終，指伯玉以屬太子。 上即位，崇祖累遷五兵尚書，伯玉累遷散騎常侍。 伯玉內懷憂懼，上以伯玉與崇祖善，恐其爲變，加意撫之。 丁亥，下詔誣崇祖招結江北荒人，欲與伯玉作亂，皆收殺之。
On his deathbed Taizu pointed to Boyu and commended him to the crown prince. When the emperor took the throne, Chongzu rose to Minister of the Five Arms, and Boyu rose to Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry. Boyu was inwardly anxious and afraid. The emperor knew Boyu was close to Chongzu and feared they might rise in rebellion, so he treated Boyu with extra care. On dinghai the emperor issued an edict falsely accusing Chongzu of recruiting refugees north of the Yangzi to rebel with Boyu. Both men were seized and executed.
157
庚子，魏主如崞山； 壬寅，還宮。
On gengzi the Wei emperor went to Mount Guo; On renyin he returned to the palace.
158
閏月，癸丑，魏主後宮平涼林氏生子恂，大赦。 文明太后以恂當爲太子，賜林氏死，自撫養恂。 五月，戊寅朔，魏主如武州山石窟佛寺。 車騎將軍張敬兒好信夢。 初爲南陽太守，其妻尚氏夢一手熱如火； 及爲雍州，夢一胛熱； 爲開府，夢半身熱。 敬兒意欲無限，當謂所親曰：「吾妻復夢舉體熱矣。」 又自言夢舊村社樹高至天，上聞而惡之。 垣崇祖死，敬兒內自疑，會有人告敬兒遣人至蠻中貨易，上疑其有異志。 會上於華林園設八關齋，朝臣皆預，於坐收敬兒。 敬兒脫冠貂投地曰：「此物誤我！」 丁酉，殺敬兒，並其四子。
In the intercalary month, on guichou, Consort Lin of Pingliang in the Wei emperor's harem gave birth to a son named Xun, and a general amnesty was proclaimed. Empress Dowager Wenming, intending Xun as heir, ordered Lin put to death and raised the child herself. In the fifth month, on the first day wuyin, the Wei emperor visited the cliff-temple at Mount Wuzhou. Chariots-and-Cavalry General Zhang Jinger was a great believer in dreams. When he was first administrator of Nanyang, his wife Lady Shang dreamed that one of her hands burned hot as fire; When he became governor of Yongzhou, she dreamed one shoulder blade was burning; When he opened a grand headquarters, she dreamed half her body was hot. Jinger's ambitions knew no limit. He once told his intimates, "My wife has dreamed her whole body was hot again." He also said he had dreamed the village altar tree of his hometown reached to the sky. When the emperor heard this he took offense. After Yuan Chongzu's death Jinger grew uneasy. Someone then reported that he had sent men into the tribal lands to trade, and the emperor suspected him of rebellious intent. The emperor happened to be holding an Eight Precepts assembly at Hualin Garden with all the ministers present. Jinger was seized on the spot. Jinger tore off his official cap trimmed with sable and flung it to the ground. "This thing ruined me!" On dingyou Jinger was executed, together with his four sons.
159
敬兒弟恭兒，常慮爲兄禍所及，居於冠軍，未常出襄陽，村落深阻，牆垣重複。 敬兒每遣信，輒上馬屬鞬，然後見之。 敬兒敗問至，席捲入蠻； 後自出，上恕之。
Jinger's younger brother Gong'er always feared being caught up in his brother's downfall. He lived at Guanjun and never left Xiangyang. His hamlet lay in deep country, ringed with repeated walls. Whenever Jinger sent a messenger, Gong'er would mount his horse with bow at the saddle before he would receive him. When news of Jinger's downfall arrived, he packed up and fled into the tribal lands; He later came out of hiding on his own, and the emperor pardoned him.
160
敬兒女爲征北咨議參軍謝超宗子婦，超宗謂丹陽尹李安民曰：「『往年殺韓信，今年殺彭越。』 尹欲何計！」 安民具啟之。 上素惡超宗輕慢，使兼御史中丞袁彖奏彈超宗，丁巳，收付廷尉，徙越巂，於道賜死。 以彖語不刻切，又使左丞王逡之奏彈彖輕文略奏，撓法容非，彖坐免官，禁錮十年。 超宗，靈運之孫； 彖，顗之弟子也。
Jinger's daughter was married to the son of Xie Chaozong, advisor to the northern campaign staff. Chaozong said to Li Anmin, prefect of Danyang, "Last year they killed Han Xin; this year they kill Peng Yue. Prefect, what do you plan to do!" Anmin reported the whole matter to the emperor. The emperor had long disliked Chaozong's insolence. He had Supervising Censor Yuan Tan impeach him. On dingsi Chaozong was arrested and handed to the Court of Justice, exiled to Yuexi, and ordered to die on the road. Because Tan's wording was not cutting enough, the emperor had Left Assistant Wang Xunzhi impeach Tan for a lenient, perfunctory memorial that indulged wrongdoing. Tan was dismissed from office and placed under confinement for ten years. Chaozong was the grandson of Xie Lingyun; Tan was a nephew-disciple of Yuan Yi.
161
秋，七月，丁丑，魏主及太后如神淵池。 甲申，如方山。
In autumn, in the seventh month, on dingchou, the Wei emperor and the empress dowager went to Shenyuan Pool. On jiashen they went to Mount Fang.
162
魏使假員外散騎常侍頓丘李彪來聘。
Wei sent Li Biao of Dunqiu, acting regular attendant of the scattered cavalry, on a diplomatic visit.
163
侍中、左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司王僧虔固辭開府，謂兄子儉曰：「汝任重於朝，行登三事； 我若復有此授，乃是一門有二台司，吾實懼焉。」 累年不拜，上乃許之，戊戌，加僧虔特進。 儉作長梁齋，制度小過，僧虔視之，不悅，竟不入戶； 儉即日毀之。
Palace Attendant Wang Sengqian, left grand master of the Brilliant Hall and grand general with staff equal to the three dukes, firmly declined to open a grand headquarters. He told his nephew Jian, "You bear heavy duties at court and are on your way to the three highest offices. If I were given such an appointment as well, our house would hold two of the highest posts. That frightens me." For years he refused to accept. The emperor finally allowed it, and on wuxu Sengqian was granted the rank of special advancement. Jian built a Long Beam Study whose dimensions exceeded proper bounds. Sengqian looked it over, displeased, and would not step inside; Jian demolished it that very day.
164
初，王弘與兄弟集會，任子孫戲適。 僧達跳下地作虎子； 僧綽正坐，采蠟燭珠爲鳳皇，僧達奪取打壞，亦復不惜； 僧虔累十二博棋，既不墜落，亦不重作。 弘歎曰：「僧達俊爽，當不減人，然恐終危吾家； 僧綽當以名義見美； 僧虔必爲長者，位至公台。」 已而皆如其言。
Long ago, when Wang Hong gathered with his brothers, he let the grandchildren play as they pleased. Sengda leapt to the floor and crouched like a tiger cub; Sengchuo sat properly, gathering wax beads from candles to shape a phoenix. Sengda snatched it away and smashed it, yet Sengchuo did not care in the least; Sengqian stacked twelve game pieces without letting them fall, and never tried to rebuild a fallen stack. Hong sighed and said, "Sengda is brilliant and bold and will not fall short of others, yet I fear he will bring ruin to our house in the end. Sengchuo will be honored for his reputation and integrity; Sengqian will surely become the steady elder of the clan and rise to the highest offices." In time everything happened just as he had said.
165
八月，庚申，驍騎將軍王洪範自柔然還，經塗三萬餘里。
In the eighth month, on gengshen, Cavalry General Wang Hongfan returned from the Rouran, having traveled more than thirty thousand li.
166
冬，十月，丙寅，遭驍騎將軍劉纘聘於魏，魏主客令李安世主之。 魏人出內藏之寶，使賈人鬻之於市。 纘曰：「魏金玉大賤，當由山川所出。」 安世曰：「聖朝不貴金玉，故賤同瓦礫。」 纘初欲多市，聞其言，內慚而止。 纘屢奉使至魏，馮太后遂私幸之。
In winter, in the tenth month, on bingyin, the court dispatched Cavalry General Liu Zuan as envoy to Wei. Li Anshi, chief of reception for foreign envoys, hosted him. The Wei brought treasures from the imperial vaults and had merchants sell them in the markets. Zuan said, "Gold and jade are so cheap in Wei—it must be because they come straight from the mountains and rivers." Anshi said, "Our sacred court does not value gold and jade, so they are priced no higher than tiles and rubble." Zuan had meant to buy heavily, but hearing this he felt ashamed and gave up the idea. Liu Zuan served repeatedly as envoy to Wei, and Empress Dowager Feng took him as her private lover.
167
十二月，乙巳朔，日有食之。
In the twelfth month, on the first day yisi, there was a solar eclipse.
168
癸丑，魏始禁同姓爲婚。
On guichou Wei first prohibited marriage between people of the same clan name.
169
王儉進號衛將軍，參掌選事。
Wang Jian was promoted to Guards General and given a share in appointments.
170
是歲，省巴州。
That year the court abolished Bazhou province.
171
魏秦州刺史於洛侯，性殘酷，刑人或斷腕，拔舌，分懸四體。 合州驚駭，州民王元壽等一時俱反。 有司劾奏之，魏主遣使至州，於洛侯常刑人處宣告吏民，然後斬之。 齊州刺史韓麒麟，爲政尚寬，從事劉普慶説麒麟曰：「公杖節方夏，而無所誅斬，何以示威！」 麒麟曰：「刑罰所以止惡，仁者不得已而用之。 今民不犯法，又何誅乎？ 若必斷斬然後可以立威，當以卿應之！」 普慶慚懼而起。
Yu Luohou, Wei inspector of Qin province, was cruel by nature. He punished people by severing wrists, pulling out tongues, or hanging the four limbs apart. The whole province was horrified. Wang Yuanshou and other locals rose in rebellion at once. The authorities impeached him. The Wei emperor sent an envoy to the province, proclaimed Luohou's crimes to officials and people at the place where he usually executed men, and then had him beheaded. Han Qilin, inspector of Qi province, governed with leniency. A staff officer Liu Puqing urged him, "Sir, you hold imperial authority in the height of summer yet have executed no one—how can you show your power!" Qilin said, "Punishment exists to stop wrongdoing. Humane men use it only when they must. The people are not breaking the law—why should I execute anyone? If beheadings are what it takes to establish authority, then you should supply the example!" Puqing rose, ashamed and afraid.
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