1
資治通鑑第145卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 145
2
卷第一百四十五
Volume 145
3
【梁紀一】起玄黓敦牂，盡閼逢涒灘，凡三年。
【Liang Records 1】 Spanning from 502 to 504 CE, three years in all.
4
高祖武皇帝一天監元年（ 壬午，公元五零二年）
Year 1 of Tianjian, reign of Emperor Wu, the Founding High Ancestor ( 502 CE, year of the renwu stem-branch)
5
春，正月，齊和帝遣兼侍中席闡文等慰勞建康。
In spring, during the first month, Emperor He of Qi dispatched Acting Palace Attendant Xi Chanwen and others to visit and comfort the troops at Jiankang.
6
大司馬衍下令：「凡東昏時浮費，自非可以習禮樂之容、繕甲兵之務者，餘皆禁絕。」
Grand Marshal Xiao Yan ordered: "Every extravagant expense from the Donghun period is banned, save only what is needed for ritual and music or for equipping the army."
7
戊戌，迎宣德太后入宮，臨朝稱制，衍解承製。
On the day wuxu, the Dowager Empress Xuande was brought into the palace to rule from court as regent, and Xiao Yan gave up his power to issue edicts in her name.
8
己亥，以寧朔將軍蕭昺監南兗州諸軍事。 昺，衍之從父弟也。
On the day jihai, General Pacifying the North Xiao Bing was appointed to oversee all military affairs in South Yan Province. Bing was a younger cousin of Xiao Yan on the paternal line.
9
壬寅，進大司馬衍都督中外諸軍事，劍履上殿，贊拜不名。
On the day renyin, Grand Marshal Xiao Yan was promoted to supreme commander of all armies within and beyond the realm, with the privileges of wearing sword and shoes in the audience hall and of being hailed in ceremony without his personal name being spoken.
10
己酉，以大司馬長史王亮為中書監，兼尚書令。
On the day jiyou, Grand Marshal Chief Clerk Wang Liang was appointed Director of the Secretariat and concurrently Minister President of the Masters of Writing.
11
初，大司馬與黃門侍郎范雲南清河太守沈約、司徒右長史任昉同在竟陵王西邸，意好敦密，至是，引雲為大司馬咨議參軍、領錄事，約為驃騎司馬，昉為記室參軍，與參謀議。 前吳興太守謝朏、國子祭酒何胤，先皆棄官家居，衍奏徵為軍諮祭酒，朏、胤皆不至。 大司馬內有受禪之志。 沈約微扣其端，大司馬不應； 它日，又進曰：「今與古異，不可以淳風期物。 士大夫攀龍附鳳者，皆望有尺寸之功。 今童兒牧豎皆知齊祚已終，明公當承其運； 天文讖記又復炳然。 天心不可違，人情不可失。 苟歷數所在，雖欲謙光，亦不可得已。」 大司馬曰：「吾方思之。」 約曰：「公初建牙樊、沔，此時應思； 今王業已成，何所復思！ 若不早定大業，脫有一人立異，即損威德。 且人非金玉，時事難保，豈可以建安之封遺之子孫！ 若天子還都，公卿在位，則君臣分定，無復異心。 君明於上，臣忠於下，豈復有人方更同公作賊！」 大司馬然之。 約出，大司馬召范雲告之，雲對略同約旨。」 大司馬曰：「智者乃爾暗同。 卿明早將休文更來！」 雲出，語約，約曰：「卿必待我！」 雲許諾，而約先期入。 大司馬命草具其事，約乃出懷中詔書並諸選置，大司馬初無所改。 俄而雲自外來，至殿門，不得入，徘徊壽光閣外，但云「咄咄！」 約出，問曰：「何以見處？」 約舉手向左，雲笑曰：「不乖所望。」 有頃，大司馬召雲人，歎約才智縱橫，且曰：「我起兵於今三年矣，功臣諸將實有其勞，然成帝業者，卿二人也！
Earlier, the Grand Marshal had shared the Western Residence of Prince Jingling with Yellow Gate Attendant Fan Yun, former Administrator of Nanqinghe Shen Yue, and Right Chief Clerk of the Minister of Education Ren Fang, and the three had been on intimate terms. He now appointed Fan Yun Grand Marshal Adviser with charge of clerical records, Shen Yue Rapid Cavalry Marshal, and Ren Fang Recorder Aide, all to counsel him in planning. Former Administrator of Wuxing Xie Tiao and Libationer of the Imperial Academy He Yin had both earlier left office and retired at home. Xiao Yan memorialized to summon them as army adviser libationers, but neither man accepted. In private the Grand Marshal already intended to take the throne by abdication. Shen Yue delicately sounded him out on the matter, but the Grand Marshal gave no answer. On another day he pressed further: "Our age is not antiquity; one cannot expect men to answer to the standards of a simpler age. Every gentleman who has attached himself to your rising fortune hopes for some share of merit. Even children in the lanes and boys tending flocks know that Qi's mandate is spent and that you are the one to receive the succession. Heavenly omens and written prophecies all point the same way with unmistakable clarity. Heaven's intent must not be resisted, and the people's will must not be forfeited. When the turn of the mandate has arrived, even the wish to hold back in humility can no longer be indulged." The Grand Marshal said, "I am still considering the matter." Shen Yue said, "When you first raised your standard in the Fan and Mian region, that was the time for thought. Now that the imperial enterprise is already secure, what is left to ponder! If you do not establish the great enterprise soon, the moment one man breaks ranks your prestige will suffer. Besides, no man is gold or jade, and fortunes shift; how can you leave your heirs what Cao Cao left his at the fief of Jian'an! Once the emperor returns to the capital and the chief ministers resume their offices, ruler and subject will be fixed in their places and no one will think of rebellion. With a clear sovereign above and loyal ministers below, who would still join you in the role of usurper!" The Grand Marshal assented. After Shen Yue left, the Grand Marshal summoned Fan Yun and told him what had been said; Fan Yun answered in much the same vein." The Grand Marshal said, "Wise men think alike even without conferring. Bring Xiufen back with you tomorrow morning!" When Fan Yun left, he told Shen Yue. Shen Yue said, "You must wait for me!" Fan Yun agreed, but Shen Yue went in ahead of him the next day. The Grand Marshal ordered the arrangements drafted. Shen Yue then produced from his robe the edict and the list of appointments he had prepared, and the Grand Marshal altered not a word. Soon Fan Yun arrived from outside. At the hall gate he was refused entry and paced outside the Shouguang Pavilion, muttering only, "Well, well!" When Shen Yue came out, Fan Yun asked, "How did he receive you?" Shen Yue gestured to the left. Fan Yun smiled and said, "Just as I expected." Presently the Grand Marshal summoned Fan Yun in, praised Shen Yue's resourcefulness, and said, "I have been at war for three years; my meritorious officers and generals have indeed earned their place, yet the men who secured the imperial enterprise are you two!"
12
甲寅，詔進大司馬位相國，總百揆，揚州牧，封十郡為梁公，備九錫之禮，置梁百司，去錄尚書之號，驃騎大將軍如故。 二月，辛酉，梁公始受命。
On the day jiayin, an edict promoted the Grand Marshal to Chancellor of State with authority over all government, made him Governor of Yang Province, enfeoffed him as Duke of Liang over ten commanderies with the full Nine Bestowals, established the bureaucracy of Liang, removed his title as Recorder of the Masters of Writing, and left him Rapid Cavalry General-in-Chief as before. In the second month, on the day xinyou, the Duke of Liang first accepted the mandate.
13
齊湘東王寶晊，安陸昭王緬之子也，頗好文學。 東昏侯死，寶晊望物情歸己，坐待法駕。 既而王珍國等送首梁公，梁公以寶晊為太常，寶晊心不自安。 壬戌，梁公稱寶晊謀反，並其弟江陵公寶覽、汝南公寶宏皆殺之。
Prince Xiangdong of Qi, Xiao Baozhi, son of Prince Zhao of Anlu, Xiao Mian, was a man of literary tastes. After Marquis Donghun's death, Baozhi expected the realm to turn to him and waited at home for the imperial summons. Soon Wang Zhenguo and others sent Donghun's head to the Duke of Liang, who appointed Baozhi Minister of Ceremonies; Baozhi grew uneasy. On the day renxu, the Duke of Liang charged Baozhi with rebellion and executed him together with his younger brothers, Duke of Jiangling Xiao Baolan and Duke of Runan Xiao Baohong.
14
丙寅，詔梁國選諸要職，悉依天朝之制。 於是以沈約為吏部尚書兼右僕射，范雲為侍中。
On the day bingyin, an edict directed that all major appointments in the State of Liang follow the institutions of the imperial court. Shen Yue was appointed Minister of Personnel and concurrent Right Vice Director, and Fan Yun was made Palace Attendant.
15
梁公納東昏余妃，頗妨政事，范雲以為言，梁公未之從。 雲與侍中、領軍將軍王茂同入見，雲曰：「昔沛公入關，婦女無所幸，此范增所以畏其志大也。 今明公始定建康，海內想望風聲，奈何襲亂亡之跡，以女德為累乎！」 王茂起拜曰：「范雲言是也。 公必以天下為念，無宜留此。」 梁公默然。 雲即請以余氏賚王茂，梁公賢其意而許之。 明日，賜雲、茂錢各百萬。
The Duke of Liang took Donghun's former consort into his household, to the detriment of government. Fan Yun remonstrated, but the duke would not listen. Fan Yun entered with Palace Attendant and General-in-Chief Wang Mao and said, "When the Duke of Pei entered the Pass he took no woman for himself—that is why Fan Zeng feared the scale of his ambition. You have only just secured Jiankang, and the empire watches your every move—how can you repeat the errors of a fallen house and let a woman become your burden!" Wang Mao rose and bowed. "Fan Yun is right. If you hold the realm in mind, you must not keep her." The Duke of Liang said nothing. Fan Yun immediately asked that the Yu woman be given to Wang Mao as a reward. The Duke of Liang approved the proposal and agreed. The next day he rewarded Fan Yun and Wang Mao with a million cash each.
16
丙戌，詔梁公增封十郡，進爵為王。 癸巳，受命，赦國內及府州所統殊死以下。
On the day bingxu, an edict added ten commanderies to the Duke of Liang's fief and raised him to the rank of king. On the day guisi he accepted the mandate and proclaimed amnesty within his domain and the prefectures under his authority for all crimes short of capital punishment.
17
辛丑，殺齊邵陵王寶攸、晉熙王寶嵩、桂陽王寶貞。
On the day xinchou, Prince Shaoling Xiao Baoyou, Prince Jinxi Xiao Baosong, and Prince Guiyang Xiao Baozhen were executed.
18
梁王將殺齊諸王，防守猶未急。 鄱陽王寶寅家閹人顏文智與左右麻拱等密謀，穿牆夜出寶寅。 具小船於江岸，著烏布襦，腰繫千餘錢，潛赴江側。 躡屩徒步，足無完膚。 防守者至明追之，寶寅詐為釣者，隨流上下十餘里，追者不疑。 待散，乃渡西岸投民華文榮家，文榮與其族人天龍、惠連棄家將寶寅遁匿山澗，賃驢乘之，晝伏宵行，抵壽陽之東城。 魏戍主杜元倫馳告揚州刺史任城王澄，以車馬侍衛迎之。 寶寅時年十六，徒步憔悴，見者以為掠賣生口。 澄待以客禮，寶寅請喪君斬衰之服，澄遣人曉示情禮，以喪兄劉衰之服給之。 澄帥官僚赴吊，寶寅居處有禮，一同極哀之節。 壽陽多其義故，皆受慰喭； 唯不見夏侯一族，以夏侯詳從梁王故也。 澄深器重之。
The King of Liang was preparing to execute the princes of Qi, but security was still lax. Prince Poyang Xiao Baoyin's household eunuch Yan Wenzhi and attendants including Ma Gong secretly plotted to break through a wall by night and free Baoyin. They had a small boat waiting on the bank, dressed in plain black jackets with a little over a thousand cash at their belts, and stole down to the river. They went on foot in straw sandals until their feet were raw and bleeding. When the guards gave chase at dawn, Baoyin pretended to be a fisherman and drifted up and down the stream for more than ten li without arousing suspicion. Once the pursuers had dispersed, they crossed to the west bank and sought shelter with a commoner named Hua Wenrong. Wenrong and his kinsmen Tianlong and Huilian abandoned their homes, hid Baoyin in the hills, hired donkeys, traveled by day in concealment and by night on the road, and reached the eastern quarter of Shouyang. The Wei garrison commander Du Yuanlun rode posthaste to inform Yang Province Governor Prince Rencheng Yuan Cheng, who came out with chariots, horses, and an escort to receive him. Baoyin was sixteen, on foot and worn to the bone; passersby took him for a kidnapped slave being sold on the road. Cheng received him with the courtesy due a guest. Baoyin asked for the hemp mourning dress appropriate to a fallen sovereign; Cheng had the proper rites explained to him and provided the Liu-style hemp garments worn for a deceased elder brother instead. Cheng led his officials to offer condolences. Baoyin conducted himself with full propriety, observing every rite of deepest mourning. Many of his old associates were in Shouyang, and all received his visits of condolence and gifts. He called on every clan but the Xiahous, because Xiahou Xiang had sided with the King of Liang. Cheng came to hold him in high esteem.
19
齊和帝東歸，以蕭憺為都督荊、湘等六州諸軍事、荊州刺史。 荊州軍旅之後，公私空乏，憺厲精為治，廣屯田，省力役，存問兵死之家，供其乏困。 自以少年居重任，謂佐更曰：「政之不臧，士君子所宜共惜。 吾今開懷，卿其無隱！」 於是人人得盡意，民有訟者皆立前待符教，決於俄頃，曹無留事，荊人大悅。
As Emperor He of Qi moved east, Xiao Dan was appointed commander-in-chief of all military affairs in Jing, Xiang, and four other provinces, and Governor of Jing Province. After the armies had ravaged Jing Province, public and private resources were exhausted. Dan threw himself into governing, expanded military farming, lightened labor service, visited the families of fallen soldiers, and relieved their distress. Knowing himself young yet burdened with a great office, he told his staff, "When government goes wrong, gentlemen should share the blame. I open my heart to you now—hold nothing back!" From then on his staff spoke freely. Litigants stood before him to receive his written rulings, which were handed down in moments; no case lingered in the offices, and the people of Jing rejoiced.
20
齊和帝至姑孰，丙辰，下詔禪位於梁。
When Emperor He of Qi reached Gushu, on the day bingchen he issued an edict abdicating the throne to Liang.
21
丁巳，廬陵王寶源卒。
On the day dingsi, Prince Luling Xiao Baoyuan died.
22
魯陽蠻魯北燕等起兵攻魏穎州。
Lu Beiyan of the Luyang barbarians and others rose in arms and attacked Ying Province in Wei.
23
夏，四月，辛酉，宣德太后令曰：「西詔至，帝憲章前代，敬禪神器於梁，明可臨軒，遣使恭授璽紱，未亡人歸於別宮。」 壬戌，發策，遣兼太保，尚書令亮等奉皇帝璽綬詣梁宮。 丙寅，梁王即皇帝位於南郊，大赦，改元。 是日，追贈兄懿為丞相，封長沙王，謚曰宣武，葬禮依晉安平獻王故事。
In summer, the fourth month, on the day xinyou, the Dowager Empress Xuande issued an order: "The abdication edict from the west has arrived. The Emperor, following the precedent of former dynasties, respectfully yields the imperial regalia to Liang. Tomorrow he shall face the hall and send envoys to hand over the seal and cord in ceremony. I shall retire to a separate palace." On the day renxu the abdication was proclaimed, and Acting Grand Guardian and Minister President Wang Liang and others were dispatched to present the imperial seal and cord at the Liang palace. On the day bingyin the King of Liang ascended the throne at the southern suburb, proclaimed a general amnesty, and inaugurated a new reign title. That same day his elder brother Xiao Yi was posthumously created Chancellor and Prince of Changsha with the posthumous title Xuanwu; his funeral followed the precedent set for Prince Xian of Anping of Jin.
24
丁卯，奉和帝為巴陵王，宮於姑孰，優崇之禮，皆仿齊初。 奉宣德太后為齊文帝妃，王皇后為巴陵王妃。 齊世王、侯封爵，悉從降省，唯宋汝陰王不在除例。
On the day dingmao, Emperor He was created Prince of Baling and lodged at Gushu with honors modeled on those Qi had shown its own founding abdicant. The Dowager Empress Xuande was honored as consort of Emperor Wen of Qi, and Empress Wang as consort of the Prince of Baling. Every prince and marquis enfeoffed under Qi was reduced in rank, except the Prince of Runan of Song, who was spared.
25
追尊皇考為文皇帝，廟號太祖； 皇妣為獻皇后。 追謚妃郗氏為德皇后。 封文武功臣車騎將軍夏侯詳等十五人為公、侯。 立皇弟中護軍宏為臨川王，南徐州刺史秀為安成王，雍州刺史偉為建安王，左衛將軍恢為鄱陽王，荊州刺史憺為始興王，以宏為揚州刺史。
His deceased father was posthumously honored as Emperor Wen, with the temple name Taizu. His deceased mother was honored as Empress Xian. His consort, Lady Chi of the Chi clan, was given the posthumous title Empress De. Fifteen civil and military meritorious subjects, including Rapid Cavalry General Xiahou Xiang, were enfeoffed as dukes and marquises. His younger brother Xiao Hong, General of the Center Guard, was created Prince of Linchuan; South Xuzhou Governor Xiao Xiu, Prince of Ancheng; Yong Province Governor Xiao Wei, Prince of Jian'an; Left Guard General Xiao Hui, Prince of Poyang; Jing Province Governor Xiao Dan, Prince of Shixing; and Xiao Hong was appointed Governor of Yang Province.
26
丁卯，以中書監王亮為尚書令，相國左長史王瑩為中書監，吏部尚書沈約為尚書僕射，長兼侍中范雲為散騎常侍、吏部尚書。
On the day dingmao, Director of the Secretariat Wang Liang was appointed Minister President; Chancellor of State Left Chief Clerk Wang Ying, Director of the Secretariat; Minister of Personnel Shen Yue, Vice Director of the Masters of Writing; and Chief Concurrent Palace Attendant Fan Yun, Regular Attendant at the Discretion of the Emperor and Minister of Personnel.
27
詔凡後宮、樂府、西解、暴室諸婦女一皆放遣。
An edict ordered that every woman of the inner palace, the Music Bureau, the Western Quarters, and the Detention Chamber be released and sent home.
28
戊辰，巴陵王卒。 時上欲以南海郡為巴陵國，徙王居之。 沈約曰：「古今殊事，魏武所云『不可慕虛名而受實禍』。」 上頷之，乃遣所親鄭伯禽詣姑孰，以生金進王。 王曰：「我死不須金，醇酒足矣。」 乃飲沉醉； 伯禽就折殺之。
On the day wuchen, the Prince of Baling died. The emperor then intended to make Nanhai Commandery the principality of Baling and relocate the prince there. Shen Yue said, "Past and present are not the same. As Cao Cao said, one must not covet an empty name and suffer a real calamity." The emperor nodded and sent his confidant Zheng Boqin to Gushu to present the prince with poisoned gold. The prince said, "I need no gold to die—fine wine is enough." He drank until he was thoroughly intoxicated; Then Boqin snapped his neck and killed him.
29
王之鎮荊州也，琅邪顏見遠為錄事參軍。 及即帝位，為治書侍御史兼中丞。 既禪位，見遠不食數日而卒。 上聞之，曰：「我自應天從人，何預天下士大夫事，而顏見遠乃至於此！」
When the prince held Jing Province, Yan Jianyuan of Langye was his records officer and staff adjutant. After he ascended the throne, Yan was appointed palace secretary attendant censor-in-chief and also senior censor. After the abdication, Yan Jianyuan refused food for days and died. When Emperor Wu of Liang heard, he said, "I accepted Heaven's mandate and bowed to the will of the people—what business is that of the empire's scholar-officials, that Yan Jianyuan should go to such lengths!"
30
庚午，詔：「有司依周、漢故事，議贖刑條格，凡在官身犯鞭杖之罪，悉入贖停罰，其台省令史、士卒欲贖者聽之。」
On gengwu, an edict ordered: "Let the authorities, following Zhou and Han precedent, draft rules for commuting corporal punishment by payment. All officials guilty of flogging or cudgeling may commute their sentences entirely; provincial and central clerks and soldiers who wish to do so may likewise be allowed."
31
以謝沭縣公寶義為巴陵王，奉齊祀。 寶義幼有廢疾，不能言，故獨得全。
Xiao Baoyi, Duke of Xiemu County, was made Prince of Baling to preserve the Qi ancestral rites. Baoyi had been disabled from childhood and could not speak, which is why he alone was spared.
32
齊南康侯子恪及弟祁陽侯子范嘗因事入見，上從容謂曰：「天下公器，非可力取，苟無期運，雖項籍之力終亦敗亡。 宋孝武性猜忌，兄弟粗有令名者皆鴆之，朝臣以疑似枉死者相繼。 然或疑而不能去，或不疑而卒為患，如卿祖以材略見疑，而無如之何，湘東以庸愚不疑，而子孫皆死其手。 我於時已生，彼豈知我應有今日！ 固知有天命者非人所害。 我初平建康，人皆勸我除去卿輩以壹物心，我於時依而行之，誰謂不可！ 正以江左以來，代謝之際，必相屠滅，感傷和氣，所以國祚不長。 又，齊、梁雖云革命，事異前世，我與卿兄弟雖復絕服，宗屬未遠，齊業之初亦共甘苦，情同一家，豈可遽如行路之人！ 卿兄弟果有天命，非我所殺； 若無天命，何忽行此！ 適足示無度量耳。 且建武塗炭卿門，我起義兵，非惟自雪門恥，亦為卿兄弟報仇。 卿若能在建武、永元之世拔亂反正，我豈得不釋戈推奉邪！ 我自取天下於明帝家，非取之於卿家也。 昔劉子輿自稱成帝子，光武言：『假使成帝更生，天下亦不復可得，況子輿乎！』 曹志，魏武帝之孫，為晉忠臣。 況卿今日猶是宗室，我方坦然相期，卿無復情自外之意！ 小待，自當知我寸心。」 子恪兄弟凡十六人，皆仕梁，子恪、子范、子質、子顯、子雲、子暉並以才能知名，歷官清顯，各以壽終。
When Zike, Marquis of Nankang of Qi, and his younger brother Zifan, Marquis of Qiyang, came to audience on business, the emperor spoke to them at ease: "The realm belongs to all—it cannot be taken by force. Without Heaven's favor, even Xiang Yu's strength ends in defeat and ruin. Emperor Xiaowu of Song was suspicious by nature; any brother with a respectable reputation was poisoned, and court ministers died one after another on flimsy suspicion. Yet sometimes the dangerous man cannot be removed even when suspected, and sometimes the harmless man proves deadly: your grandfather was feared for his ability yet could not be touched, while Xiangdong was dismissed as mediocre—and still his descendants perished at his hands. I was already alive then—how could they have known I was destined for this! This proves that Heaven's chosen cannot be undone by men. When I first took Jiankang, everyone urged me to eliminate your house to win the people's hearts. I could have done it—who would have stopped me! Because ever since the south had known nothing but dynastic slaughter at every handover, spoiling the nation's harmony, no regime could endure. And though the Qi-Liang change is called a revolution and unlike earlier times, your clan and mine are still close kin. We endured hardship together at the founding of Qi—we were almost family. How could I treat you like strangers on the road! If fate truly favors your house, I cannot destroy you; and if it does not, why act rashly now? That would only betray my own want of magnanimity. Besides, your house was laid waste in the Jianwu reign. When I raised my army, I was avenging my own family—and yours as well. Had you restored order in the Jianwu and Yongyuan years, I would gladly have laid down my arms and bowed to you! I took the realm from Emperor Ming's line, not from yours. When Liu Ziyu claimed to be Emperor Cheng's son, Emperor Guangwu said: "Even if Cheng himself returned from the dead, the realm would not fall to him again—how much less to Ziyu!" Cao Zhi, grandson of Cao Cao, became one of Jin's most loyal servants. You are still royalty—surely we can meet each other openly. Do not shut yourselves away from me! In time you will see my true intent." Sixteen of Zike's brothers served the Liang; Zike, Zifan, Zizhi, Zixian, Ziyun, and Zihui in particular won fame for talent, rose to honorable posts, and lived out their years in peace.
33
詔征謝朏為左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司，何胤為右光祿大夫，何點為侍中。 胤、點終不就。
The court summoned Xie Tiao as Left Grand Master of Splendid Honor with a three-director privilege, He Yin as Right Grand Master of Splendid Honor, and He Dian as palace attendant. He Yin and He Dian refused the appointments.
34
癸酉，詔：「公車府謗木、肺石傍各置一函，若肉食莫言，欲有橫議，投謗木函； 若有功勞才器冤沉莫達，投肺石函。」
On guiyou, an edict ordered: "Place a box beside the complaint post and the lung stone at the Public Chariot Office. Officials who have no voice in court and wish to speak freely may submit to the complaint post; Those whose merit or talent has been overlooked may submit to the lung stone box."
35
上身服浣濯之衣，常膳唯以菜蔬。 每簡長吏，務選廉平，皆召見於前，勖以政道。 擢尚書殿中郎到溉為建安內史，左戶侍郎劉鬷為晉安太守，二人皆以廉潔著稱。 溉，彥之曾孫也。 又著令； 「小縣令有能，遷大縣，大縣有能，遷二千石。」 以山陰令丘仲孚為長沙內史，武康令東海何遠為宣城太守。 由是廉能莫不知勸。
Emperor Wu of Liang wore plain, washed garments and ate vegetables for his daily meals. When appointing senior officials, he sought men who were honest and evenhanded, summoned each to audience, and urged them in the ways of governance. He promoted Dao Gai, a clerk in the Secretariat, to interior magistrate of Jian'an, and Liu Cong, vice-minister of the left households bureau, to governor of Jin'an—both men famous for integrity. Dao Gai was the great-grandson of Dao Yanzhi. He also decreed: "Capable magistrates of small counties shall be moved to larger ones; capable magistrates of large counties shall be promoted to two-thousand-bushel rank." Qiu Zhongfu, magistrate of Shanyin, was named interior magistrate of Changsha, and He Yuan of Donghai, magistrate of Wukang, governor of Xuancheng. Honest and capable officials across the realm took this as their model.
36
魯陽蠻圍魏湖陽，撫軍將軍李崇將兵擊破之，斬魯北燕； 徙萬餘戶於幽、并諸州及六鎮，尋叛南走，所在追討，比及河，殺之皆盡。
Ruyang tribesmen besieged Huyang in Wei territory. General Pacifying the Army Li Chong routed them and killed Lu Beiyan. More than ten thousand households were relocated to You and Bing provinces and the Six Garrisons, but they soon rebelled and fled south. Pursuers caught up with them at the river and slaughtered them to the last.
37
閏月，丁巳，魏頓丘匡公穆亮卒。
In the intercalary month, on dingsi, Mu Liang, Duke of Dunqiu of Wei, died.
38
齊東昏侯嬖臣孫文明等，雖經赦令，猶不自安。 五月，乙亥夜，帥其徒數百人，因運荻炬，束仗入南、北掖門作亂。 燒神虎門、總章觀，入衛尉府，殺衛尉洮陽愍侯張弘策。 前軍司馬呂僧珍直殿內，以宿衛兵拒之，不能卻。 上戎服御前殿，曰：「賊夜來，是其眾少，曉則走矣。」 命擊五鼓。 領軍將軍王茂、驍騎將軍張惠紹聞難，引兵赴救，盜乃散走； 討捕，悉誅之。
Sun Wenming and other favorites of the deposed Donghun Emperor remained uneasy despite the general amnesty. On the night of yihai in the fifth month, he led several hundred followers into the south and north side gates under cover of a reed-torch convoy, weapons concealed, and raised a revolt. They burned the Shenhu Gate and the Zongzhang Pavilion, stormed the commandant of guards' office, and killed Zhang Hongce, Marquis Min of Taoyang, then commandant of guards. Lü Sengzhen, chief aide of the forward army, was on palace duty. With the night guards he tried to hold them off but could not push them back. Emperor Wu of Liang put on armor and took his seat in the front hall. "They strike at night because their numbers are small," he said. "By dawn they will run." He ordered the five watches sounded. General-in-Chief Wang Mao and General of Valiant Cavalry Zhang Huishao heard the alarm and rushed troops to the rescue; the rebels scattered and fled; Pursuers rounded them up and executed every one.
39
江州刺史陳伯之，目不識書，得文牒辭訟，惟作大諾而已。 有事，典簽傳口語，與奪決於主者。 豫章人鄧繕、永興人戴永忠有舊恩於伯之，伯之以繕為別駕，永忠為記室參軍。 河南褚□居建康，素薄行，仕宦不得志，頻造尚書范雲，雲不禮之。 □怒，私謂所親曰：「建武以後，草澤下族悉化成貴人，吾何罪而見棄！ 今天下草創，饑饉不已，喪亂未可知。 陳全之擁強兵在江州，非主上舊臣，有自疑之意； 且熒惑守南斗，詎非為我出邪！ 今者一行事若無成，入魏不失作河南郡守。」 遂投伯之，大見親狎。 伯之又以鄉人朱龍符為長流參軍，並乘伯之愚闇，恣為奸利。
Chen Bozhi, governor of Jiang Province, could not read. When documents and lawsuits were brought to him, his only response was a loud yes. His clerks relayed orders verbally, and every decision rested with whichever aide controlled him. Deng Shan of Yuzhang and Dai Yongzhong of Yongxing had done Chen Bozhi favors in the past; he made Shan his assistant governor and Yongzhong his chief secretary. Chu Wei of Henan lived in Jiankang, a man of poor character who had failed in office. He often called on Minister Fan Yun, who snubbed him. Chu Wei, enraged, told his intimates in private: "Since Jianwu, every nobody from the grasslands has risen to the nobility. What did I do to deserve being cast off! The realm is still unsettled, famine has not ended, and worse chaos may lie ahead. Chen Bozhi holds a strong army in Jiang Province. He is no old retainer of the throne, and he must already doubt himself; and Mars stands at the Southern Dipper—surely that omen was meant for me! Even if this venture fails, defecting to Wei would still win me a post as governor of Henan." He went to Chen Bozhi and was warmly welcomed into his inner circle. Chen Bozhi also appointed his fellow townsman Zhu Longfu chief transport adjutant. All of them preyed on his dullness and plundered at will.
40
上聞之，使陳虎牙私戒伯之，又遣人代鄧繕為別駕。 伯之並不受命，表云：「龍符驍勇，鄧繕有績效； 台所遣別駕，請以為治中。」 繕於是日夜說伯之云：「台家府藏空竭，復無器仗，三倉無米，東境饑流，此萬世一時也，機不可失！」 □、永忠等共贊成之。 伯之謂繕：「今啟卿，若復不得，即與卿共反。」 上敕伯之以部內一郡處繕，於是伯之集府州僚佐謂曰：「奉齊建安王教，帥江北義勇十萬，已次六合，見使以江州見力運糧速下。 我荷明帝厚恩，誓死以報。」 即命纂嚴，使□詐為蕭寶寅書以示僚佐，於聽事前為壇，歃血共盟。
When Emperor Wu of Liang heard of this, he had Chen Huya warn Chen Bozhi privately and sent a man to replace Deng Shan as assistant governor. Chen Bozhi refused both orders and memorialized the throne: "Zhu Longfu is bold in battle and Deng Shan has served well; as for the assistant governor the court has sent, let him serve as chief administrator instead." Deng Shan then pressed Chen Bozhi day and night: "The imperial treasury is empty, there are no arms, the granaries are bare, and the eastern provinces starve. This chance may never come again—do not let it slip!" Chu Wei, Dai Yongzhong, and the rest urged him on. Chen Bozhi told Deng Shan, "I will petition for you once more. If I am refused again, I rebel with you." The emperor ordered Chen Bozhi to assign Deng Shan a commandery within his jurisdiction. Chen Bozhi then assembled his staff and announced: "By order of the Prince of Jian'an of Qi: one hundred thousand northern volunteers are at Liuhe, and we are commanded to mobilize Jiang Province's full strength to haul grain south at once. I owe Emperor Ming a great debt and will repay it with my life." He ordered general mobilization, had Chu Wei forge a letter from Xiao Baoyin to show his officers, built an altar before the reception hall, and they swore a blood oath together.
41
□說伯之曰：「今舉大事，宜引眾望。 長史程元沖，不與人同心； 臨川內史王觀，僧虔之孫，人身不惡，可召為長史以代元沖。」 伯之從之，仍以□為尋陽太守，永忠為輔義將軍，龍符為豫州刺史。 觀不應命。 豫章太守鄭伯倫起郡兵拒守。 程元沖既失職，於家合帥數百人，乘伯之無備，突入至聽事前； 伯之自出格鬥，元沖不勝，逃入廬山。 伯之密遣信報虎牙兄弟，皆逃奔盱眙。
Chu Wei urged Chen Bozhi: "To raise a great rebellion you must win respected allies. Chief administrator Cheng Yuanchong is not with us; Wang Guan, interior magistrate of Linchuan and grandson of Wang Sengqian, is a decent man. Summon him as chief administrator to replace Yuanchong." Chen Bozhi agreed. He made Chu Wei governor of Xunyang, Dai Yongzhong general assisting righteousness, and Zhu Longfu governor of Yu Province. Wang Guan refused. Zheng Bolun, governor of Yuzhang, raised the commandery army to hold out against him. Deposed chief administrator Cheng Yuanchong mustered several hundred men at his home, caught Chen Bozhi off guard, and broke in as far as the reception hall; Chen Bozhi fought them in person. Yuanchong was beaten and fled to Mount Lu. Chen Bozhi secretly warned the Huya brothers, and they all fled to Xuyi.
42
戊子，詔以領軍將軍王茂為征南將軍、江州刺史，帥眾討之。
On wuzi, Wang Mao was appointed general pacifying the south and governor of Jiang Province and ordered to lead an army against the rebels.
43
魏揚州小峴戍主黨法宗襲大峴戍，破之，虜龍驤將軍邾菩薩。
Dang Fazong, Wei garrison commander at Little Xian in Yang Province, stormed the Great Xian garrison, defeated its defenders, and captured General Zhu Pusa.
44
陳伯之聞王茂來，謂褚□等曰：「王觀既不就命，鄭伯倫又不肯從，便應空手受困。 今先平豫章，開通南路，多發丁力，益運資糧，然後席捲北向，以撲饑疲之眾，不憂不濟。」 六月，留鄉人唐蓋人守城，引兵趣豫章，攻伯倫，不能下。 王茂軍至，伯之表裡受敵，遂敗走，間道渡江，與虎牙等及褚□俱奔魏。
When Chen Bozhi heard Wang Mao was marching on him, he told Chu Wei and the others: "Wang Guan has refused us, and Zheng Bolun will not join. We will be trapped with nothing to show for it. First take Yuzhang, open the southern line, call up more labor, and haul in more supplies. Then sweep north and strike Wang Mao's hungry, weary troops—the outcome will take care of itself." In the sixth month he left Tang Gairen, a fellow townsman, to hold the city, marched on Yuzhang, and besieged Zheng Bolun without success. Wang Mao's army arrived. Caught between two enemies, Chen Bozhi was routed. He slipped across the Yangzi by a side road and fled to Wei with the Huya brothers and Chu Wei.
45
上遣左右陳建孫送劉季連子弟三人入蜀，使諭旨慰勞。 季連受命，飭還裝，益州刺史鄧元起始得之官。
Emperor Wu of Liang sent his attendant Chen Jiansun to escort three of Liu Jilian's sons and younger brothers into Shu with an imperial message of reassurance. Liu Jilian accepted the order and began packing to leave; Deng Yuanqi, the new governor of Yi Province, at last took up his post.
46
初，季連為南郡太守，不禮於元起。 都錄朱道琛有罪，季連欲殺之，逃匿得免。 至是，道琛為元起典簽，說元起曰：「益州亂離已久，公私虛耗。 劉益州臨歸，豈辦遠遣迎侯！ 道琛請先使檢校，緣路奉迎，不然，萬里資糧，未易可得。」 元起許之。 道琛既至，言語不恭，又歷造府州人士，見器物，輒奪之，有不獲者，語曰：「會當屬人，何須苦惜！」 於是軍府大懼，謂元起至必誅季連，禍及黨與，競言之於季連。 季連亦以為然，且懼昔之不禮於元起，乃召兵算之，有精甲十萬，歎曰：「據天險之地，握此強兵，進可以匡社稷，退不失作劉備，捨此安之？」 遂召佐史，矯稱齊宣德太后令，聚兵復反，收朱道琛，殺之。 召巴西太守朱士略及涪令李膺，並不受命。 是月，元起至巴西，士略開門納之。
Earlier, when Liu Jilian was governor of Nan Commandery, he had treated Deng Yuanqi discourteously. Chief clerk Zhu Daochan had offended Liu Jilian, who meant to execute him, but Daochan went into hiding and survived. By then Daochan was Deng Yuanqi's chief clerk. He told Yuanqi: "Yi Province has been torn by chaos for years, and public and private stores alike are exhausted. Liu Jilian can barely manage his journey home—how could he afford a grand escort to greet you! Let me go ahead to inspect the route and arrange your escort. Otherwise the supplies for a ten-thousand-li journey will not be easy to find." Deng Yuanqi agreed. Once there, Zhu Daochan spoke insolently. He visited every local notable he could find, seized whatever goods he saw, and when refused would say: "It will all belong to someone soon—why cling to it so hard!" The whole garrison was terrified, certain that Deng Yuanqi would execute Liu Jilian when he arrived and that anyone tied to him would fall too. They rushed to warn Liu Jilian. Liu Jilian agreed, and fearing his earlier rudeness to Deng Yuanqi, he mustered his troops and found a hundred thousand men in fine armor. He sighed: "We hold heaven's own fortress and a formidable army. Advancing, we could save the realm; retreating, we could still be another Liu Bei. Where else could we go?" He summoned his clerks, forged an order in the name of the Qi empress dowager Xuande, raised troops in revolt again, seized Zhu Daoqiao, and executed him. He summoned Zhu Shilue, the administrator of Baxi, and Li Ying, the magistrate of Fu, but both refused his orders. That month Deng Yuanqi reached Baxi; Zhu Shilue opened the gates and welcomed him in.
47
先是，蜀民多逃亡，聞元起至，爭出投附，皆稱起義兵應朝廷，軍士新故三萬餘人。 元起在道久，糧食乏絕，或說之曰：「蜀土政慢，民多詐疾，若檢巴西一郡籍注，因而罰之，所獲必厚。」 元起然之。 李膺諫曰：「使君前有嚴敵，後無繼援，山民始附，於我觀德。 若糾以刻薄，民必不堪； 眾心一離，雖悔無及。 何必起疾可以濟師！ 膺請出圖之，不患資糧不足也。」 元起曰：「善。 一以委卿！」 膺退，帥富民上軍資米，得三萬斛。
Earlier many people in Shu had gone into hiding. When word spread that Deng Yuanqi had arrived, they thronged out to join him, calling themselves volunteers rallying to the throne. His force, old and new, soon exceeded thirty thousand. Deng Yuanqi had been on the march so long that provisions ran out. Someone advised him: "Local government in Shu is slack, and people often dodge service by faking illness. Audit the registers of Baxi commandery and fine everyone you catch—you will gain a heavy haul." Deng Yuanqi thought that sound. Li Ying objected: "Sir, you face a formidable enemy ahead with no reinforcement behind. The mountain folk have only just joined us—they are watching what kind of leader you are. If you pounce on them with harsh penalties, the people will not stand for it; once their loyalty slips away, regret will come too late. Why hunt down feigned illness just to feed the army! Let me go out and raise what we need—I promise you will not lack for supplies." Deng Yuanqi said, "Very well. I leave it all to you!" Li Ying withdrew, rallied the wealthy families to deliver grain for the army, and raised thirty thousand hu.
48
秋，八月，丁未，命尚書刪定郎濟陽蔡法度損益王植之集注舊律，為《梁律》，仍命與尚書令王亮、侍中王瑩、尚書僕射沈約、吏部尚書范雲等九人同議定。
In the eighth month of autumn, on dingwei, the court ordered Cai Fadu of Jiyang, revision officer of the secretariat, to revise Wang Zhi's annotated code into the Liang Code, with Wang Liang, Wang Ying, Shen Yue, Fan Yun, and eight others joining him to draft it.
49
上素善鐘律，欲釐正雅樂，乃自製四器，名之為「通」。 每通施三弦，黃鐘弦用二百七十絲，長九尺，應鐘弦用一百四十二絲，長四尺七寸四分差強，中間十律，以是為差。 因以通聲轉推月氣，悉無差違，而還得相中。 又制十二笛，黃鐘笛長三尺八寸，應鐘笛長二尺三寸，中間十律以是為差，以寫通聲，飲古鐘玉律，並皆不差。 於是被以八音，施以七聲，莫不和韻。 先是，宮懸止有四鎛鐘，雜以編鐘、編磬、衡鐘凡十六虡。 上始命設十二轤鐘，各有編種、編磬，凡三十六虡，而去衡鐘，四隅植建鼓。
Emperor Wu of Liang had long been devoted to music theory and wished to restore court ritual music. He designed four instruments of his own and called them "Tong" (Universal). Each Tong carried three strings: the yellow bell string had two hundred seventy threads and was nine feet long; the responding bell string had one hundred forty-two threads and was four feet and about seven and four-tenths inches; the ten intermediate pitches were spaced accordingly. From the Tong's tones he worked out the seasonal lunar qi with no discrepancy, and every pitch still harmonized. He also made twelve flutes—three feet eight inches for yellow bell, two feet three for responding bell, with the ten intermediate pitches set in proportion—to echo the Tong. Measured against ancient bronze bells and jade pitch pipes, they matched perfectly. Set within the eightfold orchestra and deployed across the seven modes, everything fell into harmony. Until then the palace orchestra had only four large bells, together with chime bells, chime stones, and a set of balance bells—sixteen racks in all. Emperor Wu of Liang first ordered twelve rotatable bells installed, each with its own chime bells and chime stones—thirty-six racks in all. The balance bells were removed, and tower drums were placed at the four corners.
50
魏高祖之前，前太傅平陽公丕自晉陽來赴，遂留洛陽。 丕年八十餘，歷事六世，位極公輔，而還為庶人。 魏主以其宗室耆舊，矜而禮之。 乙卯，以丕為三老。
Before Emperor Xiaowen of Wei arrived, the former grand tutor, Duke Pingyang Pi, came up from Jinyang and stayed on in Luoyang. Pi was over eighty. He had served six emperors and risen to the highest offices, yet was now a private citizen once more. The Wei emperor honored him as a senior kinsman and treated him with distinguished courtesy. On yimao he was appointed state elder (sanlao).
51
魏揚州刺史任城王澄表請攻鐘離，魏主使羽林監敦煌范紹詣壽陽，共量進止。 澄曰：「當用兵十萬，往來百日，乞朝廷速辦糧仗。」 紹曰：「今秋已向末，方欲調發，兵仗可集，糧何由致！ 有兵無糧，何以克敵！」 澄沉思良久，曰：「實如卿言」。 乃止。
Prince Rencheng Cheng, Wei's governor of Yang Province, requested permission to attack Zhongli. The Wei emperor sent Fan Shao of Dunhuang, a palace guard supervisor, to Shouyang to weigh the plan with him. Cheng said: "We would need a hundred thousand men and a hundred days there and back. I ask the court to ready provisions and weapons at once." Fan Shao replied: "Autumn is almost over and mobilization has only just begun. We might scrape together weapons—but where will the grain come from? An army without grain cannot beat the enemy!" Cheng thought a long while and said, "You are quite right." The campaign was dropped.
52
九月，丁巳，魏主如鄴。 冬，十月，庚子，還至懷。 與宗室近侍射遠，帝射三百五十餘步，群臣刻銘以美之。 甲辰，還洛陽。
In the ninth month, on dingsi, the Wei emperor traveled to Ye. In the tenth month of winter, on gengzi, he returned to Huai. He held a long-distance archery contest with princes and close attendants. The emperor's shot flew more than three hundred fifty paces, and his ministers had it carved in stone to commemorate the feat. On jiachen he returned to Luoyang.
53
十一月，己未，立小廟以祭太祖之母，每祭太廟畢，以一太牢祭之。
In the eleventh month, on jiwei, a small chapel was dedicated to the founding emperor's mother; after each grand ancestral rite, a full tai-lao offering was made there as well.
54
甲子，立皇子統為太子。
On jiazi the emperor named his son Tong crown prince.
55
魏洛陽宮室始成。
Wei's Luoyang palace was finished at last.
56
十二月，將軍張囂之侵魏淮南，取木陵戍； 魏任城王澄遣輔國將軍成興擊之，甲辰，囂之敗走，魏復取木陵。
In the twelfth month General Zhang Xiaozhi raided Wei's Huainan sector and seized Muling garrison; Prince Rencheng Cheng sent Cheng Xing, general assisting the state, against him. On jiachen Zhang Xiaozhi was routed and Wei retook Muling.
57
劉季連遣其將李奉伯等拒鄧元起，元起與戰，互有勝負。 久之，奉伯等敗，還成都，元起進屯西平。 季連驅略居民，閉城固守。 元起進屯蔣橋，去成都二十里，留輜重於郫。 奉伯等間道襲郫，陷之，軍備盡沒。 元起捨郫，逕圍州城； 城局參軍江希之謀以城降，不克而死。
Liu Jilian sent Li Fengbo and other generals to block Deng Yuanqi. Their forces clashed with mixed results. After prolonged fighting Li Fengbo's army was beaten back to Chengdu, and Deng Yuanqi pressed forward to camp at Xiping. Liu Jilian forced residents inside the walls and sealed the city for a stubborn defense. Deng Yuanqi moved up to Jiangqiao, twenty li from Chengdu, and stored his baggage train at Pi. Li Fengbo slipped around by a side road, stormed Pi, and destroyed Yuanqi's entire supply dump. Deng Yuanqi gave up Pi and laid siege directly to the provincial capital; Jiang Xizhi, an officer of the city garrison, plotted to open the gates. The plot failed and he was killed.
58
魏陳留公主寡居，僕射高肇、秦州刺史張彝皆欲尚之，公主許彝而不許肇。 肇怒，譖彝於魏主，彝坐沉廢累年。
The Chenliu princess of Wei was a widow. Grand chancellor Gao Zhao and Zhang Yi, governor of Qin province, both sought to marry her. She favored Zhang Yi and rejected Gao Zhao. Gao Zhao, furious, denounced Zhang Yi to the Wei emperor, and Yi languished in disgrace for years.
59
是歲，江東大旱，米斗五千，民多餓死。
That year eastern Jiangnan was stricken by drought. Rice reached five thousand cash per dou, and famine killed many.
60
高祖武皇帝一天監二年（ 癸未，公元五零三年）
Emperor Wu of Liang, the founding emperor—second year of Tianjian ( guiwei, 503 CE)
61
春，正月，乙卯，以尚書僕射沈約為左僕射，吏部尚書范雲為右僕射，尚書令王亮為左光祿大夫。 丙辰，亮坐正旦詐疾不登殿，削爵，廢為庶人。
In spring, the first month, on yimao: Shen Yue became left vice director of the secretariat, Fan Yun right vice director, and Wang Liang left grand master of splendid happiness. On bingchen Wang Liang was stripped of his title and reduced to commoner rank for feigning illness and skipping the New Year's court audience.
62
乙亥，魏主耕籍田。
On yihai the Wei emperor performed the spring plowing rite in the sacred field.
63
魏梁州氐楊會叛，行梁州事楊椿等討之。
Yang Hui of the Di people in Liang province rebelled against Wei. Yang Chun, acting governor, led a punitive force against him.
64
成都城中食盡，升米三千，人相食。 劉季連食粥累月，計無所出。 上遣主書趙景悅宣詔受季連降，季連肉袒請罪。 鄧元起遷季連於城外，俄而造焉，待之以禮。 季連謝曰：「早知如此，豈有前日之事！」 郫城亦降。 元起誅李奉伯等，送季連詣建康。
Chengdu ran out of food. Rice hit three thousand cash per sheng, and people turned to cannibalism. Liu Jilian had lived on thin gruel for months and saw no way forward. Emperor Wu of Liang sent Zhao Jingyue, a chief clerk, with an edict accepting surrender. Liu Jilian stripped to the waist and begged for punishment. Deng Yuanqi lodged Liu Jilian outside the walls, then soon paid him a courteous visit. Liu Jilian apologized: "Had I known it would end this way, I never would have done what I did!" The city of Pi surrendered as well. Deng Yuanqi executed Li Fengbo and his fellow commanders and escorted Liu Jilian to Jiankang.
65
初，元起在道，懼事不集，無以為賞，士之至者皆許以辟命，於是受別駕、治中檄者將二千人。
Early on the march Deng Yuanqi, unsure the campaign would succeed and lacking rewards to offer, had promised every recruit an official appointment. Nearly two thousand men ended up with provisional titles as deputy governor or administrative aide.
66
季連至建康，入東掖門，數步一稽顙，以至上前。 上笑曰：「卿欲慕劉備，而曾不及公孫述，豈無臥龍之臣邪！」 赦為庶人。
When Liu Jilian reached Jiankang he entered through the East Side Gate, kowtowing every few steps until he stood before the emperor. Emperor Wu laughed and said: "You wanted to play Liu Bei, but you were not even Gongsun Shu—and where was your Zhuge Liang?" He was pardoned and left a private citizen.
67
三月，己巳，魏皇后蠶於北郊。
In the third month, on jisi, the Wei empress performed the sericulture rite at the northern suburban altar.
68
庚辰，魏揚州刺史任城王澄遣長風戍主奇道顯入寇，取陰山、白稿二戍。
On gengchen Prince Rencheng Cheng sent Qidao Xian, garrison commander at Changfeng, on a raid that captured the Yinshan and Baigao outposts.
69
蕭寶寅伏於魏闕之下，請兵伐梁，雖暴風大雨，終不暫移； 會陳伯之降魏，亦請兵自效。 魏主乃引八坐、門下入定議。 夏，四月，癸未朔，以寶寅為都督東揚等三州諸軍事、鎮東將軍、揚州刺史、丹陽公、齊王，禮賜甚厚，配兵一萬，令屯東城； 以伯之為都督淮南諸軍事、平南將軍、江州刺史，屯陽石，俟秋冬大舉。 寶寅明當拜命，自夜慟哭至晨。 魏人又聽寶寅募四方壯勇，得數千人，以顏文智、華文榮等六人皆為將軍、軍主。 寶寅志性雅重，過期猶絕酒肉，慘形悴色，蔬食粗衣，未嘗嬉笑。
Xiao Baoyin lay prostrate below the Wei palace gates, begging for an army to invade Liang. Through raging wind and rain he did not budge; around then Chen Bozhi defected to Wei and likewise offered his services if given troops. The Wei emperor gathered his top ministers and palace officials to decide the matter. In the fourth month of summer, on the first day of the cycle (guiwei), Xiao Baoyin was named commander-in-chief of the three eastern Yang provinces, general guarding the east, governor of Yang Province, duke of Danyang, and prince of Qi. Honors and gifts were lavish. He received ten thousand men and was posted at Dongcheng; Chen Bozhi became commander of Huainan, general pacifying the south, and governor of Jiang Province, stationed at Yangshi to await the major offensive in autumn and winter. The night before Xiao Baoyin was to take up his commission, he wept from dusk until dawn. Wei also allowed Baoyin to raise volunteers from across the empire. He gathered several thousand men and appointed six leaders—among them Yan Wenzhi and Hua Wenrong—as generals and battalion commanders. Grave and dignified by nature, Baoyin still abstained from meat and wine long after mourning required it. Gaunt and colorless, he ate plain food and wore rough clothing and never smiled.
70
癸卯，蔡法度上《梁律》二十卷、《令》三十卷、《科》四十卷。 詔班行之。
On guimao Cai Fadu submitted twenty scrolls of the Liang Code, thirty of administrative orders, and forty of supplementary statutes. An edict ordered them issued throughout the realm.
71
五月，丁巳，霄城文侯范雲卒。 雲盡心事上，知無不為，臨繁處劇，精力過人。 及卒，眾謂沈約宜當樞管，上以約輕易，不如尚書左丞徐勉，乃以勉及右衛將軍汝南周捨同參國政。 捨雅量不及勉，而清簡過之，兩人俱稱賢相，常留省內，罕得休下。 勉或時還宅，群犬驚吠； 每有表奏，輒焚其稿。 捨預機密二十餘年，未嘗離左右，國史、詔誥、儀體、法律、軍旅謀謨皆掌之。 與人言謔，終日不絕，而竟不漏洩機事，眾尤服之。
In the fifth month, on dingsi, Fan Yun, marquis of Xiaocheng, died. Fan Yun served the emperor with absolute devotion, leaving nothing undone. In the most tangled crises his energy outlasted everyone else's. At his death many expected Shen Yue to take the helm. Emperor Wu considered Yue too flighty and preferred Xu Mian, left director of the secretariat. He paired Mian with Zhou She of Runan, right guards general, to share governance. Zhou She lacked Xu Mian's largeness of spirit but surpassed him in clarity and restraint. Both were hailed as wise chancellors. They practically lived in the secretariat and seldom went home. When Xu Mian did go home, his dogs barked in alarm; he burned every draft of every memorial he wrote. Zhou She had handled confidential matters for twenty years without leaving the emperor's side. National history, edicts, ritual protocol, law, and military planning all passed through his hands. He would banter all day long yet never breathe a word of state secrets—a discipline people admired above all else.
72
壬申，斷諸郡縣獻奉二宮，惟諸州及會稽許貢任士，若非地產，亦不得貢。
On renshen the court forbade counties from sending tribute to the inner palaces. Only provinces—and Kuaiji—might still recommend worthy men, and even they could offer nothing that was not a local product.
73
甲戌，魏揚椿等大破叛氐，斬首數千級。
On jiaxu Yang Chun's force crushed the Di rebels and took several thousand heads.
74
六月，壬午朔，魏立皇弟悅為汝南王。
On the first day of the sixth month (renwu), Wei enfeoffed the emperor's younger brother Yue as prince of Runan.
75
魏揚州刺史任城王澄表稱：「蕭衍頻斷東關，欲令漅湖泛溢以灌淮南諸戍。 吳、楚便水，且灌且掠，淮南之地將非國有。 壽陽去江五百餘里，眾庶惶惶，並懼水害，脫乘民之願，攻敵之虛，豫勒諸州，纂集士馬，首秋大集，應機經略，雖混壹不能必果，江西自是無虞矣。」 丙戌，魏發冀、定、瀛、相、並、濟六州二萬人，馬一千五百匹，令仲秋之中畢會淮南，並壽陽先兵三萬，委澄經略； 蕭寶寅、陳伯之皆受澄節度。
Prince Rencheng Cheng, Wei's governor of Yang Province, memorialized: "Xiao Yan keeps blocking the Eastern Pass, trying to make Chao Lake overflow and flood our Huainan garrisons. Wu and Chu live by their waterways. Liang could flood and plunder at once, and Huainan would cease to belong to Wei. Shouyang lies five hundred li from the Yangzi, and the people live in dread of flooding. If we seize this moment of public anger and strike where the enemy is weak—mobilize the provinces now, muster men and horses, concentrate in early autumn, and act when the chance comes—we may not conquer all of Liang at once, but the lands west of the river will be secure." On bingxu Wei drafted twenty thousand men and fifteen hundred horses from Ji, Ding, Ying, Xiang, Bing, and Ji provinces, with orders to reach Huainan by mid-autumn; thirty thousand advance troops at Shouyang were placed under Cheng's command; Xiao Baoyin and Chen Bozhi both fell under Cheng's command.
76
謝朏輕舟出詣闕，詔以為侍中、司徒、尚書令。 朏辭腳疾不堪拜謁，角巾自輿詣雲龍門謝。 詔見於華林園，乘小車就席。 明旦，上幸朏宅，宴語盡歡。 朏固陳本志，不許； 因請自還東迎母，許之。 臨發，上復臨幸，賦詩餞別； 王人送迎，相望於道。 及還，詔起府於舊，禮遇優異。 朏素憚煩，不省職事，眾頗失望。
Xie Tiao came by light boat to court. The emperor named him palace attendant, grand tutor, and secretariat director. Citing a leg ailment that kept him from formal audience, he came in a carrying chair with a scholar's kerchief to thank the emperor at Yunlong Gate. The emperor received him in Hualin Garden, where Xie Tiao was allowed a small cart to reach his seat. The next morning Emperor Wu of Liang visited Xie Tiao at home. They feasted and talked until both were thoroughly pleased. Xie Tiao pleaded his original wish to retire and was refused; he then asked leave to go east and bring his mother back, and the emperor agreed. Before he left, the emperor came again in person and wrote a farewell poem; imperial messengers escorted him out and welcomed him home, their parties passing each other all along the road. On his return an edict restored his old office, and he was treated with exceptional honor. Xie Tiao had always shunned administrative burdens and neglected his duties, to the disappointment of many.
77
甲午，以中書監王瑩為尚書右僕射。
On jiawu Wang Ying, supervisor of the secretariat, was appointed right vice director of the secretariat.
78
秋，七月，乙卯，魏平陽平公丕卒。
In the seventh month of autumn, on yimao, Duke Pingyang Pi of Wei died.
79
魏既罷鹽池之禁，而其利皆為富強所專。 庚午，復收鹽池利入公。
After Wei lifted the ban on private salt production, the trade fell entirely into the hands of the wealthy and powerful. On gengwu the court resumed collecting salt-pond revenues for the state.
80
辛未，魏以彭城王勰為太師； 勰固辭。 魏主賜詔敦諭，又為家人書，祈請懇至； 勰不得已受命。
On xinwei Wei appointed Prince Pengcheng Xie grand tutor; Xie firmly refused. The Wei emperor sent an edict urging him on and wrote again as a kinsman, pleading with the utmost sincerity; Xie had no choice but to accept.
81
八月，庚子，魏以鎮南將軍元英都督征義陽諸軍事。 司州刺史蔡道恭聞魏軍將至，遣驍騎將軍楊由帥城外居民三千餘家保賢首山，為三柵。 冬，十月，元英勒諸軍圍賢首柵，柵民任馬駒斬由降魏。 任城王澄命統軍黨法宗、傅豎眼、太原王神念等分兵寇東關、大峴、淮陵、九山，高祖珍將兵三千騎為遊軍，澄以大軍繼其後。 堅眼，靈越之子也。 魏人拔關要、穎川、大峴三城，白塔、牽城、清溪皆潰。 徐州剌史司馬明素將三千救九山，徐州長史潘伯鄰據淮陵，寧朔將軍王燮保焦城。 黨法宗等進拔焦城，破淮陵，十一月，壬午，擒明素，斬伯鄰。
In the eighth month, on gengzi, Wei named Yuan Ying, general guarding the south, commander-in-chief of the campaign against Yiyang. When Cai Daogong, governor of Si Province, learned Wei was coming, he sent Yang You, general of valiant cavalry, to shelter more than three thousand families from outside the city on Xianshou Mountain in three fortified camps. In the tenth month of winter Yuan Ying besieged the Xianshou camps. A local man, Ren Maju, killed Yang You and defected to Wei. Prince Rencheng Cheng ordered Dang Fazong, Fu Shuyan, Wang Shennian of Taiyuan, and other commanders to raid the Eastern Pass, Great Xian, Huailing, and Jiushan in separate columns. Gao Zuzhen led three thousand horsemen as a flying column while Cheng followed with the main army. Fu Shuyan was the son of Ling Yue. Wei took the strongpoints of Guanyao, Yingchuan, and Great Xian; Baita, Qiancheng, and Qingxi all fell. Sima Mingsu, governor of Xu Province, marched three thousand men to relieve Jiushan; Pan Bolin, chief clerk of Xu Province, held Huailing; and Wang Xie, general pacifying the north, defended Jiaocheng. Dang Fazong's force took Jiaocheng and overran Huailing. In the eleventh month, on renwu, they captured Sima Mingsu and killed Pan Bolin.
82
先是，南梁太守馮道根戍阜陵，初到，修城隍，遠斥侯，如敵將至，眾頗笑之。 道根曰：「怯防勇戰，此之謂也。」 城未畢，黨法宗等眾二萬奄至城下，眾皆失色。 道根命大開門，緩服登城，選精銳二百人出與魏兵戰，破之。 魏人見其意思閒暇，戰又不利，遂引去。 道根將百騎擊高祖珍，破之。 魏諸軍糧運絕，引退。 以道根為豫州刺史。
Earlier Feng Daogen, administrator of Nanliang, had been posted at Fuling. On arrival he repaired the walls and moat and pushed out scouts as if the enemy were already at hand. Many laughed at him. Feng Daogen said: "Prepare in peacetime and fight boldly in war—that is the rule." The walls were not yet finished when Dang Fazong arrived below the city with twenty thousand men. The garrison went pale. Feng Daogen threw open the gates, climbed the wall in plain dress, sent two hundred picked men out against the Wei force, and routed them. Seeing his composure and their own defeat, the Wei troops withdrew. Feng Daogen then struck Gao Zuzhen with a hundred horsemen and defeated him. With their supply lines cut, the Wei armies pulled back. Feng Daogen was appointed governor of Yu Province.
83
武興安王楊集始卒。 己未，魏立其世子紹先為武興王。 紹先幼，國事決於二叔父集起、集義。
Yang Jishi, prince of Wuxing An, died. On jiwei Wei installed his heir Shao Xian as prince of Wuxing. Shao Xian was still a child; his uncles Jishi and Jiyi ran the state.
84
乙亥，尚書左僕射沈約以母憂去職。
On yihai Shen Yue, left vice director of the secretariat, resigned to observe mourning for his mother.
85
魏既遷洛陽，北邊荒遠，因以饑饉，百姓困弊。 魏主加尚書左僕射源懷侍中、行台，使持節巡行北邊六鎮、恆、燕、朔三州，賑給貧乏，考論殿最，事之得失皆先決後聞。 懷通濟有無，饑民賴之。 沃野鎮將於祚，皇后之世父，與懷通婚。 時於勁方用事，勢傾朝野，祚頗有受納。 懷將入鎮，祚郊迎道左，懷不與語，即劾奏免官。 懷朔鎮將元尼須與懷舊交，貪穢狼籍，置酒請懷，謂懷曰：「命之長短，系卿之口，豈可不要寬貸！」 懷曰：「今日源懷與故人飲酒之坐，非鞫獄之所也。 明日公庭始為使者檢鎮將罪狀之處耳。」 尼須揮淚無以對，竟按劾抵罪。 懷又奏：「邊鎮事少而置官猥多，沃野一鎮自將以下八百餘人； 請一切五分損二。」 魏主從之。
After Wei moved its capital to Luoyang, the northern frontier remained remote and desolate. Famine followed, and the people were worn down by hardship. The Wei emperor added the title palace attendant to Yuan Huai, left vice director, and sent him as mobile commissioner with full authority to inspect the six northern garrisons and Heng, Yan, and Shuo provinces. He was to relieve the destitute, grade officials' performance, and decide local matters on the spot before reporting to court. Yuan Huai moved supplies from where they were plentiful to where they were needed, and the starving depended on him. Yu Zuo, garrison commander at Woye and maternal uncle by marriage to the empress, was related to Yuan Huai by marriage. Yu Jin then dominated the frontier and wielded enormous influence at court; Yu Zuo was openly taking bribes. As Yuan Huai entered the garrison district, Yu Zuo came out to meet him by the road. Huai refused to speak with him and immediately impeached him and stripped him of office. Yuan Nixu, garrison commander at Huaishuo and an old friend of Yuan Huai, was notoriously corrupt. He set out wine and told Huai: "My life is in your hands—surely you will show mercy!" Yuan Huai replied: "Tonight I am drinking with an old friend, not holding court. Tomorrow, in the public hall, is where the commissioner will examine a garrison commander's crimes." Nixu wept and had no answer. He was investigated, impeached, and punished. Yuan Huai also memorialized: "Frontier garrisons have little work but far too many officials—Woye alone has more than eight hundred men from the commander down; I ask that their numbers be cut by two-fifths." The Wei emperor approved.
86
乙酉，將軍吳子陽與魏元英戰於白沙，子陽敗績。
On yiyou General Wu Ziyang fought Yuan Ying of Wei at Baisha and was defeated.
87
魏東荊州蠻樊素安作亂。 乙酉，以左衛將軍李崇為鎮南將軍、都督征蠻諸軍事，將步騎討之。
Fan Su'an, a Man chieftain in Wei's eastern Jing province, rebelled. On yiyou Li Chong, left guards general, was named general guarding the south and commander-in-chief against the Man rebels and sent with infantry and cavalry to suppress them.
88
馮翊吉翂父為原鄉令，為奸吏所誣，逮詣廷尉，罪當死。 翂年十五，□登聞鼓，乞代父命。 上以其幼，疑人教之，使廷尉卿蔡法度嚴加誘脅，取其款實。 法度盛陳拷訊之具，詰翂曰：「爾求代父，敕已相許，審能死不？ 且爾童騃，若為人所教，亦聽悔異。」 翂曰：「囚雖愚幼，豈不知死之可憚！ 顧不忍見父極刑，故求代之。 此非細故，奈何受人教邪！ 明詔聽代，不異登仙，豈有回貳！」 法度乃更和顏誘之曰：「主上知尊侯無罪，行當得釋，觀君足為佳童，今若轉辭，幸可父子同濟。」 翂曰：「父掛深劾，必正刑書； 囚瞑目引領，唯聽大戮，無言復對。」 時翂備加杻械，法度愍之，命更著小者。 翂弗聽，曰：「死罪之囚，唯宜益械，豈可減乎？」 竟不脫。 法度具以聞，上乃宥其父罪。
In Fenyang, Ji Chong's father had served as magistrate of Yuan township until corrupt officials framed him and sent him to the court of judicial review on a capital charge. Ji Chong was fifteen. He hurried to the petition drum and begged to die in his father's place. Emperor Wu of Liang, thinking him too young to act alone, suspected coaching and ordered Cai Fadu, director of the court of judicial review, to press him hard for a full confession. Cai Fadu laid out the instruments of torture and questioned Ji Chong: "You offer to die for your father—the throne has already agreed in principle. Do you truly mean to die? You are only a boy. If someone put you up to this, you may still change your mind." Ji Chong said: "I may be young and simple, but I know death is terrifying! I could not bear to watch my father face execution, so I came to take his place. This is no small thing—why would I let anyone teach me what to say! The emperor's grace in allowing substitution is like being raised to heaven itself—how could I turn back!" Cai Fadu then softened his tone: "The emperor knows your father is innocent and will soon be freed. You are a fine boy—change your story now and perhaps you and your father can both live." Ji Chong said: "My father faces a grave charge and will surely be sentenced; I close my eyes and offer my neck, waiting only for the executioner's stroke. I have nothing more to say." Ji Chong was loaded with cangue and chains. Cai Fadu took pity and ordered lighter shackles. Ji Chong refused. "A man condemned to death should wear heavier bonds, not lighter ones," he said, and would not let them be removed. Cai Fadu reported everything to the throne. Emperor Wu of Liang then pardoned Ji Chong's father.
89
丹陽尹王志求其在廷尉事，並問鄉里，欲於歲首舉充純孝。 翂曰：「異哉王尹，何量翂之薄乎！ 父辱子死，道固當然； 若翂當此舉乃是因父取名，何辱如之！」 固拒而止。
Wang Zhi, metropolitan governor of Danyang, looked up Ji Chong's case at the court of judicial review and asked around his home village, intending to nominate him at the year's opening as a model of pure filial piety. Ji Chong said: "How strange of you, Governor Wang, to think so little of me! When a father is disgraced, a son should die for him—that is only right; if you nominate me for this, you make me a man who traded on his father's shame for fame—what could be more dishonorable!" He firmly refused and put a stop to it.
90
魏主納高肇兄偃之女為貴嬪。
The Wei emperor took the daughter of Gao Zhao's elder brother Yan as a noble consort.
91
魏散騎常侍趙修，寒賤暴貴，恃寵驕恣，陵轢王公，為眾所疾。 魏主為修治第捨，擬於諸王，鄰居獻地者或超補大郡。 修請告歸葬其父，凡財役所須，並從官給。 修在道淫縱，左右乘其出外，頗發其罪惡； 及還，舊寵小衰。 高肇密構成其罪，侍中、領御史中尉甄琛、黃門郎李憑、廷尉卿陽平王顯，素皆諂附於修，至是懼相連及，爭助肇攻之。 帝命尚書元紹檢訊，下詔暴其奸惡，免死，鞭一百，徙敦煌為兵。 而修愚疏，初不之知，方在領軍於勁第樗蒲，羽林數人稱詔呼之，送詣領軍府。 甄琛、王顯臨罰，先具問事有力者五人，迭鞭之，欲令必死。 修素肥壯，堪忍楚毒，密加鞭至三百不死。 即召驛馬，促之上道，出城不自勝，舉縛置鞍中，急驅之，行八十里，乃死。 帝聞之，責元紹不重聞，紹曰：「修之佞幸，為國深蠹，臣不因釁除之，恐陛下受萬世之謗。」 帝以其言正，不罪也。 紹出，廣平王懷拜之曰：「：翁之直過於汲黯。」 紹曰：「但恨戮之稍晚，以為愧耳。」 紹，素之孫也。 明日，甄琛、李憑以修黨皆坐免官，左右與修連坐死黜者二十餘人。 散騎常侍高聰與修素親狎，而又以宗人諂事高肇，故獨得免。
Zhao Xiu, attendant-in-ordinary of Wei, had risen overnight from humble origins. Favored and insolent, he trampled princes and dukes underfoot, and everyone hated him. The Wei emperor built Zhao Xiu a mansion rivaling those of the princes. Neighbors who donated land were sometimes promoted straight to major commanderies. Zhao Xiu asked leave to bury his father; every expense and every laborer was supplied from the public purse. On the journey Zhao Xiu indulged himself without restraint. While he was away his attendants exposed many of his crimes; and when he returned his favor at court had already begun to fade. Gao Zhao secretly built a case against him. Palace attendant and chief censor Zhongwei Zhen Chen, yellow gate officer Li Ping, and Prince Xian of Yangping, director of the court of judicial review, had all fawned on Zhao Xiu. Now fearing guilt by association, they joined Gao Zhao's attack. The emperor ordered Minister Yuan Shao to investigate. An edict exposed Zhao Xiu's crimes, spared his life, sentenced him to a hundred lashes, and banished him to Dunhuang as a common soldier. Zhao Xiu was too dull to understand what was happening. He was playing liubo at General-in-Chief Yu Jin's house when palace guards arrived with an edict, summoned him out, and marched him to the general-in-chief's office. Zhen Chen and Prince Xian supervised the beating themselves. They picked five strong men to take turns with the whip, intending to kill him on the spot. Zhao Xiu was stout and tough. They secretly raised the count to three hundred lashes and still could not kill him. They called relay horses and rushed him out of the city. Unable to endure the journey, he was tied into the saddle and driven hard; eighty li out he died. When the emperor heard, he rebuked Yuan Shao for not reporting back. Shao replied: "Zhao Xiu's corrupt favor was a plague on the state. If I had not seized the chance to remove him, Your Majesty would have borne blame for ages to come." The emperor accepted the justice of his reply and did not punish him. As Yuan Shao left, Prince Guangping Huai bowed to him and said: "Your bluntness surpasses even Ji An's." Shao replied: "I only regret that he was not killed sooner—that is my shame." Yuan Shao was the grandson of Yuan Su. The next day Zhen Chen and Li Ping were dismissed as Zhao Xiu's accomplices. More than twenty of his followers and attendants were executed or demoted. Gao Cong, attendant-in-ordinary, had been close to Zhao Xiu, but because as a kinsman he had fawned on Gao Zhao, he alone escaped punishment.
92
高祖武皇帝一天監三年（ 甲申，公元五零四年）
Emperor Wu of Liang, the founding emperor—third year of Tianjian ( jiashen, 504 CE)
93
春，正月，庚戌，征虜將軍趙祖悅與魏江州刺史陳伯之戰於東關，祖悅敗績。
In spring, the first month, on gengxu: Zhao Zuyue, general campaigning against barbarians, fought Chen Bozhi, Wei's governor of Jiang Province, at the Eastern Pass and was defeated.
94
癸丑，以尚書右僕射王瑩為左僕射，太子詹事柳惔為右僕射。
On guichou Wang Ying became left vice director of the secretariat and Liu Yan, grand tutor of the crown prince, right vice director.
95
丙辰，魏東荊州刺史楊大眼擊叛蠻樊季安等，大破之。 季安，素安之弟也。
On bingchen Yang Dayan, Wei's governor of eastern Jing province, attacked the rebel Man chieftain Fan Ji'an and routed him. Fan Ji'an was Fan Su'an's younger brother.
96
丙寅，魏大赦，改元正始。
On bingyin Wei proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name to Zhengshi.
97
蕭寶寅行及汝陰，東城已為梁所取，乃屯壽陽棲賢寺。 二月，戊子，將軍姜慶真乘魏任城王澄在外，襲壽陽，據其外郭。 長史韋纘倉猝失圖； 任城太妃孟氏勒兵登陴，先守要便，激厲文武，安慰新舊，勸以賞罰，將士咸有奮志。 太妃親巡城守，不避矢石。 蕭寶寅引兵至，與州軍合擊之，自四鼓戰至下晡，慶真敗走。 韋纘坐免官。
Xiao Baoyin reached Ruyin on the march and found Dongcheng already in Liang hands. He encamped at Qixian Temple in Shouyang. In the second month, on wuzi, General Jiang Qingzhen, while Prince Rencheng Cheng was away, raided Shouyang and seized its outer city. Chief clerk Wei Zuan was caught flat-footed; Grand Consort Meng of Rencheng mustered the garrison onto the walls, seized the critical points first, rallied civil and military officials, steadied old troops and new, and drove them with rewards and punishments until every soldier burned to fight. The grand consort walked the walls herself and never flinched from arrow or stone. Xiao Baoyin arrived with his troops and joined the provincial force in counterattack. From the fourth watch until mid-afternoon they fought; Jiang Qingzhen was routed and fled. Wei Zuan was dismissed from office.
98
任城王澄攻鐘離，上遣冠軍將軍張惠紹等將兵五千送糧詣鐘離，澄遣平遠將軍劉思祖等邀之。 丁酉，戰於邵陽； 大敗梁兵，俘惠紹等十將，殺虜士卒殆盡。 思祖，芳之從子也。 尚書論思祖功，應封千戶侯； 侍中、領右衛將軍元暉求二婢于思祖，不得，事遂寢。 暉，素之孫也。
Prince Rencheng Cheng besieged Zhongli. Emperor Wu of Liang sent Zhang Huishao, general champion, and five thousand men to convoy grain to the city. Cheng sent Liu Sizu, general pacifying the distance, to intercept them. On dingyou they fought at Shaoyang; The Liang army was shattered. Zhang Huishao and ten other commanders were captured, and nearly every soldier was killed or taken. Liu Sizu was a nephew of Liu Fang. The secretariat judged Liu Sizu's merit worthy of a thousand-household marquisate; Yuan Hui, palace attendant and commander of the right guards, demanded two maidservants from Liu Sizu and was refused; the enfeoffment was dropped. Yuan Hui was the grandson of Yuan Su.
99
上遣平西將軍曹景宗、後軍王僧炳等帥步騎三萬救義陽。 僧炳將二萬人據鑿峴，景宗將萬人為後繼，元英遣冠軍將軍元逞等據樊城以拒之。 三月，壬申，大破僧炳於樊城，俘斬四千餘人。
Emperor Wu of Liang sent Cao Jingzong, general pacifying the west, Wang Sengbing of the rear army, and thirty thousand infantry and cavalry to relieve Yiyang. Wang Sengbing took twenty thousand men to hold Zuoxian while Cao Jingzong followed with ten thousand as reserve. Yuan Ying posted Yuan Cheng, general champion, at Fancheng to block them. In the third month, on renshen, Wang Sengbing was crushed at Fancheng. More than four thousand men were killed or captured.
100
魏詔任城王澄，以「四月淮水將漲，舟行無礙。 南軍得時，勿昧利以取後悔。」 會大雨，淮水暴漲，澄引兵還壽陽。 魏軍還既狼狽，失亡四千餘人。 中書侍郎劉郡賈思伯為澄軍司，居後為殿，澄以其儒者，謂之必死，及至，大喜曰：「『仁者必有勇』，於軍司見之矣。」 思伯托以失道，不伐其功。 有司奏奪澄開府，仍降三階。 上以所獲魏將士請易張惠紹於魏，魏人歸之。
Wei instructed Prince Rencheng Cheng: "In the fourth month the Huai will rise and boats will move freely. Strike while the season favors you—do not grasp at small gains you will regret later." Then torrential rain swelled the Huai, and Cheng withdrew to Shouyang. The Wei retreat turned into a rout; more than four thousand men were lost. Jia Sibo of Qiao commandery, a palace secretariat attendant, served as Cheng's army aide and covered the retreat. Cheng, expecting a scholar to fail, was delighted when Sibo returned and quoted the Analects: "The benevolent must have courage—I saw it in my army aide." Jia Sibo claimed he had merely lost his way and refused to take credit. The responsible offices recommended stripping Cheng of his privilege to open government and demoting him three ranks. Emperor Wu of Liang offered to exchange his Wei captives for Zhang Huishao; Wei agreed and sent Huishao back.
101
魏太傅、領司徒、錄尚書北海王詳，驕奢好聲色，貪冒無厭，廣營第捨，奪人居室，嬖暱左右，所在請托，中外嗟怨。 魏主以其尊親，恩禮無替，軍國大事皆與參決，所奏請無不開允。 魏主之初親政也，以兵召諸叔，詳與咸陽、彭城王共車而入，防方嚴固，高太妃大懼，乘車隨而哭之。 既得免，謂詳曰：「自念不願富貴，但使母子相保，與汝掃市為生耳。」 及詳再執政，太妃不復念前事，專助詳為貪虐。 冠軍將軍茹皓，以巧思有寵於帝，常在左右，傳可門下奏事，弄權納賄，朝野憚之，詳亦附焉。 皓娶尚書令高肇從妹，皓妻之姊為詳從父安定王燮之妃； 祥烝於燮妃，由是與皓益相暱狎。 直閣將軍劉冑，本詳所引薦，殿中將軍常委賢以善養馬，陳掃靜掌櫛，皆得幸於帝，與皓相表裡，賣權勢。
Xiang, prince of Beihai, grand tutor, concurrent grand tutor, and recorder of the secretariat, was arrogant and debauched, endlessly greedy. He built mansion after mansion, seized neighbors' homes, and packed his household with favorites who sold influence wherever they went. Court and country groaned under him. The Wei emperor treated this senior prince with undiminished honor and let him decide military and state affairs. Whatever Xiang asked for, he got. When Emperor Xiaowen first took personal rule he summoned his uncles under armed escort. Xiang rode into the palace with the princes of Xianyang and Pengcheng under heavy guard. Grand Consort Gao followed in a carriage, weeping in terror. After they survived, she told Xiang: "I never wanted riches—only that mother and son might live and that you and I could earn our bread in the marketplace." When Xiang returned to power, Grand Consort Gao forgot that fear and abetted his greed and cruelty. Ru Hao, general champion, won the emperor's favor with clever devices. Always at his side, he controlled memorials at the gate, traded in power, and took bribes. The court feared him—and Xiang clung to him. Ru Hao married a cousin of Grand Chancellor Gao Zhao; Hao's wife's elder sister was consort to Xiang's uncle, Prince Anding Xie; Xiang had an affair with Xie's consort, which drew him and Ru Hao even closer. Direct attendant general Liu Zhou had been Xiang's protégé; palace guard general Chang Weixian was prized for raising horses; Chen Saojing managed the imperial toilet—all enjoyed the emperor's favor and, with Ru Hao, sold influence in league.
102
高肇本出高麗，時望輕之。 帝既黜六輔，誅咸陽王禧，專委事於肇。 肇以在朝親族至少，乃邀結朋援，附之者旬月超擢，不附者陷以大罪。 尤忌諸王，以詳位居其上，欲去之，獨執朝政，乃譖之於帝，云「詳與皓、冑、季賢、掃靜謀為逆亂」。 夏，四月，帝夜召中尉崔亮入禁中，使彈奏詳貪淫奢縱，及皓等四人怙權貪橫，收皓等系南台，遣虎賁百人圍守詳第。 又慮詳驚懼逃逸，遣左右郭翼開金墉門馳出諭旨，示以中尉彈狀，詳曰：「審如中尉所糾，何憂也！ 正恐更有大罪橫至耳。 人與我物，我實受之。」 詰朝，有司奏處皓等罪，皆賜死。
Gao Zhao came from Goryeo stock and was held in low esteem by the elite. After the emperor removed the six regents and executed Prince Xianyang Xi, he entrusted power almost entirely to Gao Zhao. With few kinsmen at court, Gao Zhao built a faction. Allies were promoted within days; enemies were framed for capital crimes. He especially hated the princes. Xiang outranked him, and Zhao wanted sole control—so he told the emperor that Xiang, Ru Hao, Liu Zhou, Ji Xian, and Chen Saojing were plotting treason. In the fourth month of summer the emperor summoned Chief Censor Cui Liang at night, ordered an impeachment of Xiang for greed and debauchery and of Ru Hao and the other four for abusing power, and had Hao's faction arrested at the southern court while a hundred tiger guards surrounded Xiang's mansion. Fearing Xiang might bolt, he sent attendant Guo Yi out through the Jinyong Gate with the impeachment. Xiang said: "If the charges are true, what is there to fear? I only fear some greater crime will be invented on top of this. When people give me gifts, I take them—that much is true." "At the next audience the court sentenced Ru Hao and his circle—all were executed."
103
帝引高陽王雍等五王入議詳罪。 詳單車防衛，送華林園，母妻隨入，給小奴弱婢數人，圍守甚嚴，內外不通。 五月，丁未朔，下詔宥詳死，免為庶人。 頃之，徙詳於太府寺，圍禁彌急，母妻皆還南第，五日一來視之。
The emperor summoned Prince Gaoyang Yong and five other princes to judge Xiang's case. Xiang was sent under guard in a single cart to Hualin Garden with his mother and wife, given only a handful of servants, and sealed in so tightly that inside and outside could not communicate. On the first day of the fifth month (dingwei) an edict spared Xiang's life and reduced him to commoner rank. Soon he was moved to the ministry of the treasury under tighter confinement. His mother and wife returned to the southern residence and were allowed to visit once every five days.
104
初，詳取宋王劉昶女，待之疏薄。 詳既被禁，高太妃乃知安定高妃事，大怒曰：「汝妻妾盛多如此，安用彼高麗婢，陷罪至此！」 杖之百餘，被創膿潰，旬餘乃能立。 又杖劉妃數十，曰：「婦人皆妒，何獨不妒！」 劉妃笑而受罰，卒無所言。
Xiang had married the daughter of Liu Chang, prince of Song, and treated her coldly. Once Xiang was imprisoned, Grand Consort Gao learned of his affair with Consort Gao of Anding. She raged: "You have wives and concubines aplenty—why did you need that Goryeo wench and bring us to this!" She beat him more than a hundred times until his wounds festered; only after ten days could he stand. She also thrashed Consort Liu several dozen times, crying: "Every woman is jealous—why aren't you!" Consort Liu smiled through the beating and never said a word.
105
詳家奴數人陰結黨輩，欲劫出詳，密書姓名，托侍婢通於詳。 詳始得執省，而門防主司遙見，突入就詳手中攬得，奏之，詳慟哭數聲，暴卒。 詔有司以禮殯葬。
Several of Xiang's slaves secretly banded together to break him out and smuggled a list of names to him through a serving maid. Xiang had barely read the list when the gate warden saw, rushed in, and snatched it from his hand. The report went up; Xiang wailed a few times and died suddenly. An edict ordered him buried with due rite.
106
先是，典事史元顯獻雞雛，四翼四足，詔以問侍中崔光。 光上表曰：「漢元帝初元中，丞相府史家雌雞伏子，漸化為雄，冠距鳴將。 永光中，有獻雄雞生角，劉向以為『雞者小畜，主司時起居人，小臣執事為政之象也。 竟寧元年，石顯伏辜，此其效也。』 靈帝光和元年，南宮寺雌雞欲化為雄，但頭冠未變，詔以問議郎蔡邕，對曰：『頭為元首，人君之象也。 今雞一身已變，未至於頭，而上知之，是將有其事而不遂成之象也。 若應之不精，政無所改，頭冠或成，為患滋大。』 是後黃巾破壞四方，天下遂大亂。 今之雞狀雖與漢不同，而其應頗相類，誠可畏也。 臣以向、邕言推之，翼足眾多，亦群下相扇助之象； 雛而未大，足羽差小，亦其勢尚微，易制御也。 臣聞災異之見，皆所以示吉凶。 明君睹之而懼，乃能致福； 暗主睹之而慢，所以致禍。 或者今亦有自賤而貴，關預政事，如前世石顯之比者邪！ 願陛下進賢黜佞，則妖弭慶集矣。」 後數日，皓等伏誅，帝愈重光。
Earlier records clerk Shi Yuanxian had presented a chick with four wings and four legs. The emperor asked palace attendant Cui Guang to interpret it. Cui Guang memorialized: "In the chuyuan era of Emperor Yuan of Han, a hen at a chief minister's clerk's house brooded eggs that turned into roosters with combs and spurs ready to crow. In the yongguang era someone presented a horned rooster. Liu Xiang interpreted it: "The chicken is a humble domestic fowl, emblem of minor officials who keep time and handle affairs. In the first year of Jingning, Shi Xian was punished—that was the omen fulfilled." In the first year of Guanghe of Emperor Ling, a hen at Nangong Temple began turning into a rooster before its head and comb had changed. The emperor asked Consultation Officer Cai Yong, who replied: "The head is the sovereign's emblem. The body has changed but not the head, and the ruler already knows—this means a crisis forming but not yet complete. If the court does not respond and reform, once head and comb are complete the disaster will be worse." After that the Yellow Turbans ravaged the empire and the realm collapsed into chaos. Today's bird differs from Han's omen, yet the portent is much the same—it is truly alarming. Applying Liu Xiang and Cai Yong's logic: many wings and feet suggest subordinates inciting one another; the chick is still small and its wings and feet weak—the threat is still slight and can be controlled. I have heard that strange omens appear to warn of fortune or disaster. A wise ruler sees them and trembles, and so turns them to blessing; a blind ruler scoffs and brings ruin. Perhaps today as well some men of low birth have risen to power and meddle in government, like Shi Xian of old! Advance the worthy and dismiss flatterers, and this omen will fade and blessing return." Days later Ru Hao and his circle were executed, and the emperor valued Cui Guang all the more.
107
高肇說帝，使宿衛隊主帥羽林虎賁守諸王第，殆同幽禁。 彭城王勰切諫，不聽。 勰志尚高邁，不樂榮勢，避事家居，而出無山水之適，處無知己之遊，獨對妻子，常鬱鬱不樂。
Gao Zhao persuaded the emperor to post palace guard and tiger guard commanders at every prince's mansion, effectively placing them under house arrest. Prince Pengcheng Xie protested sharply; the emperor would not listen. Xie was lofty in spirit and cared nothing for rank. He stayed home to avoid politics, found no joy in landscape or friendship, and lived in gloom with only wife and children for company.
108
魏人圍義陽，城中兵不滿五千人，食才支半歲。 魏軍攻之，晝夜不息，刺史蔡道恭隨方抗禦，皆應手摧卻，相持百餘日，前後斬獲不可勝計。 魏軍憚之，將退。 會道恭疾篤，乃呼從弟驍騎將軍靈恩、兄子尚書郎僧勰及諸將佐謂曰：「吾受國厚恩，不能攘滅寇賊，今所苦轉篤，勢不支久； 汝等當以死固節，無令吾沒有遺恨！」 眾皆流涕。 道恭卒，靈恩攝行州事，代之城守。
Wei besieged Yiyang. The garrison had fewer than five thousand men and barely half a year's grain. Wei attacked day and night. Governor Cai Daogong met every assault and beat it back. For more than a hundred days the slaughter was beyond counting. The Wei army began to fear him and prepared to withdraw. Then Daogong's illness turned grave. He summoned his cousin Ling En, general of valiant cavalry, his nephew Seng Xie, a secretariat gentleman, and his officers and said: "The state honored me richly and I failed to destroy the enemy. My sickness worsens and I cannot hold out much longer. You must die before you yield and leave me no regret!" All wept. Daogong died. Ling En took provisional command and carried on the defense.
109
六月，癸未，大赦。
In the sixth month, on guiwei, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
110
魏大旱，散騎常侍兼尚書邢巒奏稱：「昔者明王重粟帛，輕金玉。 何則？ 粟帛養民而安國，金玉無用而敗德故也。 先帝深鑒奢泰，務崇節儉，至以紙絹為帳扆，銅鐵為轡勒，府藏之金，裁給而已，不復買積以費國資。 逮景明之初，承昇平之業，四境清晏，遠邇來同。 於是貢篚相繼，商估交入，諸所獻納，倍多於常，金玉常有餘，國用恆不足。 苟非為之分限，但恐歲計不充，自今請非要須者一切不受。」 魏主納之。
Wei suffered severe drought. Xing Luan, attendant-in-ordinary and concurrent minister, memorialized: "Wise kings of old valued grain and silk and scorned gold and jade. Why? Grain and silk feed the people and secure the state; gold and jade are useless and corrupt virtue. The late emperor saw through extravagance and enforced frugality—paper and silk for screens, copper and iron for harness fittings, treasury gold only for immediate needs, not hoarded to drain the state. At the opening of the Jingming era, inheriting a time of peace, the borders were quiet and tribute flowed in. Tribute poured in and merchants thronged the markets. Offerings multiplied; gold and jade piled up while ordinary state needs went short. Without limits, the yearly budget will fail. From today accept only what is truly necessary." The Wei emperor agreed.
111
秋，七月，癸丑，角城戍主柴慶宗以城降魏，魏徐州刺史元鑒遣淮陽太守吳秦生將千餘人赴之。 淮陰援軍斷其路，秦生屢戰破之，遂取角城。 甲子，立皇子綜為豫章王。
In the seventh month of autumn, on guichou, Chai Qingzong, garrison commander at Jiaocheng, surrendered to Wei. Yuan Jian, Wei's governor of Xu Province, sent Wu Qinsheng, administrator of Huaiyang, with more than a thousand men to take possession. Huaiyin relief troops cut their line; Wu Qinsheng fought them off repeatedly and secured Jiaocheng. On jiazi the emperor enfeoffed his son Zong as prince of Yuzhang.
112
魏李崇破東荊叛蠻，生擒樊素安，進討西荊諸蠻，悉降之。
Li Chong of Wei crushed the eastern Jing Man rebels, captured Fan Su'an alive, then marched against the western Jing tribes until all surrendered.
113
魏人聞蔡道恭卒，攻義陽益急，短兵日接。 曹景宗頓鑿峴不進，但耀兵遊獵而已。 上復遣寧朔將軍馬仙玭救義陽，仙玭轉戰而前，兵勢甚銳。 元英結壘於士雅山，分命諸將伏於四山，示之以弱。 仙玭乘勝直抵長圍，掩英營； 英偽北以誘之，至平地，縱兵擊之。 統軍傅永擐甲執槊，單騎先入，唯軍主蔡三虎副之，突陳橫過。 梁兵射永，洞其左股，永拔箭復入。 仙玭大敗，一子戰死，仙玭退走。 英謂永曰：「公傷矣，且還營。」 永曰：「昔漢祖捫足不欲人知，下官雖微，國家一將，奈何使賊有傷將之名！」 遂與諸軍追之，盡夜而返； 時年七十餘矣，軍中莫不壯之。 仙玭復帥萬餘人進擊英，英又破之，殺將軍陳秀之。 仙玭知義陽危急，盡銳決戰，一日三交，皆大敗而返。 蔡靈恩勢窮，八月，乙酉，降於魏。 三關戍將聞之，辛酉，亦棄城走。
When Wei heard Daogong was dead, the assault on Yiyang intensified and fighting closed to hand-to-hand every day. Cao Jingzong camped at Zuoxian and never advanced, content to parade his troops and hunt. Emperor Wu of Liang sent Ma Xianbi, general pacifying the north, to relieve Yiyang. Xianbi fought his way forward and his army's momentum was fierce. Yuan Ying fortified Shiya Mountain and hid generals on the surrounding peaks, feigning weakness. Ma Xianbi, emboldened by victory, drove straight into the siege line and struck Ying's camp; Ying feigned retreat to lure him on, then at level ground unleashed his troops. Army commander Fu Yong armored himself, took a spear, and charged in alone on horseback with only Cai Sanhu beside him, cutting straight through the enemy line. Liang archers hit Fu Yong in the left thigh. He pulled out the arrow and charged back in. Ma Xianbi was routed. One of his sons fell in battle, and Xianbi fled. Yuan Ying told Fu Yong: "You are wounded—go back to camp." Fu Yong replied: "When Emperor Gaozu of Han was wounded in the foot he hid it. I may be a minor officer, but I am still the state's general—how can we let the enemy boast of wounding one of our commanders!" He pressed the pursuit with the other units and did not return until dawn; he was already over seventy, and every man in the army admired his grit. Ma Xianbi rallied more than ten thousand men and attacked again. Yuan Ying defeated him once more and killed General Chen Xiuzhi. Knowing Yiyang was desperate, Ma Xianbi threw in every elite soldier for a decisive battle. They clashed three times in a single day; each time he was crushed and driven back. Cai Ling'en's position collapsed. In the eighth month, on yiyou, he surrendered to Wei. When the garrison commanders of the three passes heard the news, they abandoned their posts on xinyou and fled.
114
英使司馬陸希道為露板，嫌其不精，命傅永改之。 永不增文彩，直為之陳列軍事處置形要而已，英深賞之，曰：「觀此經算，雖有金城湯池，不能守矣。」 初，南安惠王以預穆泰之謀，追奪爵邑。 及英克義陽，乃復立英為中山王。
Yuan Ying had army aide Lu Xidao draft a public proclamation, found it too ornate, and ordered Fu Yong to rewrite it. Fu Yong added no rhetorical flourish—only a plain account of troop dispositions and key terrain. Yuan Ying admired it greatly and said: "From this plan alone, even a fortress of gold and boiling moats could not be held." Earlier Prince Nan'an Hui had been stripped of rank and fief for joining Mu Tai's conspiracy. After Yuan Ying took Yiyang, he was restored as prince of Zhongshan.
115
御史中丞任昉奏彈曹景宗，上以其功臣，寢而不治。
Chief censor Ren Fang impeached Cao Jingzong. Emperor Wu of Liang, treating him as a meritorious commander, shelved the case.
116
衛尉鄭紹叔忠於事上，外所聞知，纖豪無隱。 每為上言事，善則推功於上，不善則引咎歸己，上以是親之。 詔於南義陽置司州，移鎮關南，以紹督為刺史。 紹叔立城隍，繕器械，廣田積穀，招集流散，百姓安之。
Zheng Shaoshu, minister of the guard, served the emperor with absolute loyalty and never withheld the smallest report from outside. When he advised the throne, he credited the emperor with every success and took every failure on himself. The emperor grew deeply fond of him. An edict established Si province in southern Yiyang, moved the garrison south of the pass, and made Zheng Shaoshu its governor. Zheng Shaoshu rebuilt walls and moats, repaired arms, expanded farming, stockpiled grain, resettled refugees, and brought the people peace.
117
魏置郢州於義陽，以司馬悅為刺史。 上遣馬仙玭築竹敦、麻陽二城於三關南，司馬悅遣兵攻竹敦，拔之。
Wei established Ying province at Yiyang and appointed army aide Sima Yue its governor. Emperor Wu of Liang sent Ma Xianbi to build Zhudun and Mayang south of the three passes. Sima Yue attacked Zhudun and captured it.
118
九月，壬子，以吐谷渾王伏連籌為西秦、河二州刺史、河南王。
In the ninth month, on renzi, Fuliankou, king of Tuyuhun, was made governor of Xi Qin and He provinces and prince of Henan.
119
柔然侵魏之沃野及懷朔鎮，詔車騎大將軍源懷出行北邊，指授規略，隨須征發，皆以便宜從事。 懷至雲中，柔然遁去。 懷以為用夏制夷，莫如城郭。 還至恆、代，案視諸鎮左右要害之地，可以築城置戍之處，欲東西為九城，及儲糧積仗之宜，犬牙相救之勢，凡五十八條，表上之，曰：「今定鼎成周，去北遙遠，代表諸國頗或外叛，仍遭旱饑，戎馬甲兵十分闕八。 謂宜准舊鎮，東西相望，令形勢相接，築城置戍，分兵要害，勸農積粟，警急之日，隨便翦討。 彼游騎之寇，終不敢攻城，亦不敢越城南出。 如此，北方無憂矣。」 魏主從之。
Rouran raided Wei's Woye and Huaishuo garrisons. An edict sent Yuan Huai, general of chariots and cavalry, to the northern frontier with full authority to plan strategy and mobilize as needed. By the time Yuan Huai reached Yunzhong, the Rouran had withdrawn. Yuan Huai believed that to govern barbarians with civilized methods, nothing worked better than walled towns. On his return through Heng and Dai he surveyed every strategic site where new forts could rise. He proposed nine linked strongpoints east and west, with provisions for grain storage, arms stockpiles, and mutual relief in fifty-eight detailed articles. He memorialized: "The capital now sits at Luoyang, far from the north. Tribes rebel, drought and famine persist, and we lack eight tenths of the horses and armor we need. We should follow the old garrison line, link strongpoints east and west, build walled posts, garrison the passes, encourage farming, and stock grain so that when alarm comes we can strike at will. Roaming cavalry will neither dare assault our forts nor slip past them to raid the south. Then the north will be secure." The Wei emperor approved.
120
魏太和十六年，高祖詔中書監高閭與給事中公孫崇考定雅樂，久之，未就。 會高祖殂，高閭卒。 景明中，崇為太樂令，上所調金石及書。 至是，世宗始命八座已下議之。 冬，十一月，戊午，魏詔營繕國學。 時魏平寧日久，學業大盛，燕、齊、趙、魏之間，教授者不可勝數，弟子著錄多者千餘人，少者猶數百，州舉茂異，郡貢孝廉，每年逾眾。
In Wei's sixteenth year of Taihe, Emperor Xiaowen ordered Gao Lu, supervisor of the secretariat, and Gongsun Chong, chief secretariat officer, to revise court ritual music. Years passed without completion. Emperor Xiaowen died, and Gao Lu died as well. In the Jingming era Gongsun Chong became director of grand music and submitted the tuned bells, stones, and related texts. Now Emperor Xuanwu ordered the eight top ministers and others to deliberate on the project. In the eleventh month of winter, on wuwu, Wei ordered the national university rebuilt. Wei had been at peace so long that learning flourished. From Yan to Wei, teachers were beyond count; registered disciples numbered more than a thousand at the largest schools and still several hundred at the smallest. Each year more men were recommended as outstanding talent or presented as filial and incorrupt.
121
甲子，除以金贖罪之科。
On jiazi the statute allowing crimes to be redeemed with gold was abolished.
122
十二月，丙子，魏詔殿中郎陳郡袁翻等義定律令，彭城王勰等監之。
In the twelfth month, on bingzi, Wei ordered palace gentlemen Yuan Fan of Chen commandery and others to draft laws and orders under the supervision of Prince Pengcheng Xie and others.
123
己亥，魏主幸伊闕。
On jihai the Wei emperor visited Yique.
124
上雅好儒術，以東晉、宋、齊雖開置國學，不及十年輒廢之，其存亦文具而已，無講授之實。
Emperor Wu of Liang had long loved Confucian learning. Eastern Jin, Song, and Qi had each opened a national university, but none lasted ten years; what survived was paperwork without real teaching.