1
資治通鑑第146卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 146
2
【梁紀二】起旃蒙作噩，盡強圉大淵獻，凡三年。
[Liang Records 2] From Zhanmeng Zuoe through Qiangyu Dayuanxian—three years in all.
3
高祖武皇帝二天監四年（ 乙酉，公元五零五年）
Emperor Wu of Liang, fourth year of Tianjian ( yiyou, AD 505)
4
春，正月，癸卯朔，詔曰：「二漢登賢，莫非經術，服膺雅道，名立行成。 魏、晉浮蕩，儒教淪歇，風節罔樹，抑此之由。 可置《五經》博士各一人，廣開館宇，招內後進。」 於是以賀瑒及平原明山賓、吳興沈峻、建平嚴植之補博士，各主一館，館有數百生，給其餼廩，其射策通明者即除為吏，期年之間，懷經負笈者雲會。 瑒，循之玄孫也。 又選學生，往會稽雲門山從何胤受業，命胤選門徒中經明行修者，具以名聞。 分遣博士祭酒巡州郡立學。
In spring, the first month, on guimao the new moon, an edict said: "In the Two Han dynasties, those raised to office were all scholars of the classics; embracing the refined Way, they won renown through their conduct. Wei and Jin grew dissolute; Confucian teaching fell into decay and moral integrity was no longer cultivated—and this was why. Let one Erudite for each of the Five Classics be appointed, open academies on a broad scale, and recruit promising students from within the realm." Thereupon He Chang, Ming Shanbin of Pingyuan, Shen Jun of Wuxing, and Yan Zhizhi of Jianping were appointed Erudites; each headed one academy with several hundred students, who received stipends and grain rations. Those who distinguished themselves in the written examination were immediately appointed to office. Within a year, scholars bearing the classics on their backs gathered in great numbers. Chang was the great-great-grandson of He Xun. Students were also selected to study under He Yin at Yunmen Mountain in Kuaiji. The emperor ordered Yin to choose from among his disciples those accomplished in the classics and upright in conduct and report all their names. Erudites and Libationers were dispatched throughout the provinces and commanderies to establish schools.
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初，譙國夏侯道遷以輔國將軍從裴叔業鎮壽陽，為南譙太守，與叔業有隙，單騎奔魏。 魏以道遷為驍騎將軍，從王肅鎮壽陽，使道遷守合肥。 肅卒，道遷棄戍來奔，從梁、秦二州刺史莊丘黑鎮南鄭； 以道遷為長史，領漢中太守。 黑卒，詔以都官尚書王珍國為刺史，未至，道遷陰與軍主考城江忱之等謀降魏。
Earlier, Xiahou Daoyi of Qiao, serving as General Who Assists the State under Pei Shuye at Shouyang as Administrator of Southern Qiao, had a falling-out with Shuye and fled alone on horseback to Wei. Wei appointed Daoyi General of Valiant Cavalry. He followed Wang Su in garrisoning Shouyang, and Wei had Daoyi defend Hefei. When Su died, Daoyi abandoned his post and defected to Liang, serving under Zhuangqiu Hei, Governor of Liang and Qin provinces, at Nanzheng; Daoyi was appointed Chief Clerk and concurrently Administrator of Hanzhong. When Hei died, the court appointed Wang Zhenguo, Minister of Justice, as governor, but before he arrived Daoyi secretly plotted with Army Commander Jiang Chenzhi of Kaocheng and others to surrender to Wei.
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先是，魏仇池鎮將楊靈珍叛魏來奔，朝延以為征虜將軍、假武都王，助戍漢中，有部曲六百餘人，道遷憚之。 上遣左右吳公之等使南鄭。 道遷遂殺使者，發兵擊靈珍父子、斬之，並使者首送於魏。 白馬戍主君天寶聞之，引兵擊道遷，敗其將龐樹，遂圍南鄭。 道遷求救於氐王楊紹先、楊集起、楊集義，皆不應，集義弟集郎獨引兵救道遷，擊天寶，殺之。 魏以道遷為平南將軍、豫州刺史、豐縣侯。 又以尚書刑巒為鎮西將軍、都督征梁、漢諸軍事，將兵赴之。 道遷受平南，辭豫州，且求公爵，魏主不許。
Earlier, Yang Lingzhen, the Wei garrison commander of Chouchi, had rebelled against Wei and defected. The court appointed him General Who Punishes the Barbarians and Acting King of Wudu to help garrison Hanzhong, with more than six hundred retainers. Daoyi feared him. The emperor dispatched his attendants Wu Gongzhi and others to Nanzheng. Daoyi then killed the envoys, raised troops, attacked and beheaded Lingzhen and his son, and sent their heads together with the envoys' heads to Wei. Jun Tianbao, commander of the Baima garrison, heard of this and led troops against Daoyi, defeated his general Pang Shu, and then besieged Nanzheng. Daoyi sought aid from the Di kings Yang Shaoxian, Yang Jiji, and Yang Jiyi, but none responded. Only Jiyi's younger brother Jilang led troops to rescue Daoyi, attacked Tianbao, and killed him. Wei appointed Daoyi General Who Pacifies the South, Inspector of Yuzhou, and Marquis of Feng County. Wei also appointed Xing Luan of the Secretariat General Who Guards the West and Supervisor of all military affairs for campaigns against Liang and Han, and sent him with troops to the region. Daoyi accepted the post of Pacifies the South but declined Yuzhou and also asked for a ducal title; the Wei emperor refused.
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辛亥，上祀南郊，大赦。
On xinhai the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Altar and proclaimed a general amnesty.
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乙丑，魏以驃騎大將軍高陽王雍為司空，加尚書令廣陽王嘉儀同三司。
On yichou Wei appointed the General of Agile Cavalry, the Prince of Gaoyang, Minister of Works, and granted Minister of the Secretariat Guangyang Wang Jia the privilege of Three Insignia.
9
二月，丙子，魏以宕昌世子梁彌博為宕昌王。
In the second month, on bingzi Wei made Liang Mibo, heir of Dangchang, King of Dangchang.
10
上謀伐魏，壬午，遣衛尉卿楊公則將宿衛兵塞洛口。
The emperor planned to attack Wei. On renwu he dispatched Yang Gongze, Director of the Court for the Imperial Clan, to lead the palace guard and block Luokou.
11
壬辰，交州刺史李凱據州反，長史李畟討平之。
On renchen Li Kai, Inspector of Jiaozhou, seized the province in rebellion; Chief Clerk Li Yi put down the revolt.
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魏邢巒至漢中，擊諸城戍，所向摧破。 晉壽太守王景胤據石亭，巒遣統軍李義珍擊走之。 魏以巒為梁、秦二州刺史。 巴西太守龐景民據郡不下，郡民嚴玄思聚眾自稱巴州刺史，附於魏，攻景民，斬之。 楊集起、集義聞魏克漢中而懼，閏月，帥群氐叛魏，斷漢中糧道，巒屢遣軍擊破之。
Xing Luan of Wei reached Hanzhong and attacked the various garrison towns; wherever he went he carried all before him. Wang Jingyin, Administrator of Jinshou, held Shiting; Luan sent Commander Li Yizhen, who attacked and drove him off. Wei appointed Luan Governor of Liang and Qin provinces. Pang Jingmin, Administrator of Baxi, held the commandery and refused to submit. A local man, Yan Xuan'en, gathered a force, styled himself Inspector of Bazhou, submitted to Wei, attacked Jingmin, and beheaded him. Yang Jiji and Jiyi, hearing that Wei had taken Hanzhong, were alarmed. In the intercalary month they led the Di tribes in revolt against Wei and cut Hanzhong's supply lines; Luan repeatedly sent troops and defeated them.
13
夏，四月，丁巳，以行宕昌王梁彌博為河、涼二州刺史、宕昌王。
In summer, the fourth month, on dingsi the Acting King of Dangchang, Liang Mibo, was appointed Governor of He and Liang provinces and King of Dangchang.
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冠軍將軍孔陵等將兵二萬戍深杭，魯方達戍南安，任僧褒等戍石同，以拒魏。 刑巒遣統軍王足將兵擊之，所至皆捷，遂入劍閣。 陵等退保梓潼，足又進擊破之。 梁州十四郡地，東西七百里，南北千里，皆入於魏。
Champion General Kong Ling and others led twenty thousand troops to garrison Shenhang; Lu Fangda garrisoned Nan'an; Ren Sengbao and others garrisoned Shitong to resist Wei. Xing Luan sent Commander Wang Zu with troops against them; wherever he went he was victorious, and he then entered Jiange Pass. Ling and the others fell back to defend Zitong; Zu advanced again and defeated them. The territory of Liang province's fourteen commanderies—seven hundred li east to west and a thousand li north to south—all fell to Wei.
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初，益州刺史當陽侯鄧元起以母老乞歸，詔征為右衛將軍，以西昌侯淵藻代之。 淵藻，懿之子也。 夏侯道遷之叛也，尹天寶馳使報元起。 及魏寇晉壽，王景胤等並遣告急，眾勸元起急救之，元起曰：「朝廷萬里，軍不猝至，若寇賊侵淫，方須撲討，董督之任，非我而誰，何事匆匆救之！」 詔假元起都督征討諸軍事，救漢中，而晉壽已陷。
Earlier, Deng Yuanqi, Marquis of Dangyang and Inspector of Yizhou, asked to return home because his mother was old. The court summoned him to serve as General of the Right Guard and replaced him with Xiao Yuanzao, Marquis of Xichang. Yuanzao was the son of Xiao Yi. When Xiahou Daoyi rebelled, Yin Tianbao sent a fast courier to report to Yuanqi. When Wei raided Jinshou, Wang Jingyin and others all sent urgent appeals for help. Many urged Yuanqi to rescue them at once. Yuanqi said: "The court is ten thousand li away; troops cannot arrive overnight. If the enemy spreads unchecked, someone must take charge of the suppression—and if not I, then who? Why rush off to rescue them!" An edict provisionally appointed Yuanqi Supervisor of all military affairs for punitive campaigns and ordered him to rescue Hanzhong, but Jinshou had already fallen.
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蕭淵藻將至，元起營還裝，糧儲器械，取之無遺。 淵藻入城，恨之； 又救其良馬，元起曰：「年少郎子，何用馬為！」 淵藻恚，因醉，殺之，元起麾下圍城，哭，且問故，淵藻曰：「天子有詔。」 眾乃散。 遂誣以反，上疑焉。 元起故吏廣漢羅研詣闕訟之，上曰：「果如我所量也！」 使讓淵藻曰：「元起為汝報仇，汝為仇報仇，忠孝之道如何！」 乃貶淵藻號為冠軍將軍； 贈元起征西將軍，謚曰忠侯。
When Xiao Yuanzao was about to arrive, Yuanqi packed up his camp for departure and took every scrap of grain stores and weapons, leaving nothing behind. Yuanzao entered the city and resented this; He also asked for Yuanqi's fine horses. Yuanqi said: "Young fellow, what do you need horses for!" Yuanzao was furious; while drunk he killed him. Yuanqi's subordinates surrounded the city, weeping, and demanded an explanation. Yuanzao said: "The Son of Heaven had issued an edict." The men then dispersed. He then accused Yuanqi of rebellion, and the emperor was suspicious. Yuanqi's former clerk Luo Yan of Guanghan went to the capital to bring suit. The emperor said: "It is exactly as I suspected!" He sent someone to reprove Yuanzao: "Yuanqi avenged your family—yet you took revenge on the man who avenged you. What becomes of loyalty and filial piety!" Yuanzao's title was then reduced to Champion General; Yuanqi was posthumously given the title General Who Conquers the West, with the posthumous name Loyal Marquis.
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李延壽論曰：元起勤乃胥附，功惟闢土，勞之不圖，禍機先陷。 冠軍之貶，於罰已輕。 梁之政刑，於斯為失。 私戚之端，自斯而啟。 年之不永，不亦宜乎！
Li Yanshou commented: Yuanqi's diligence lay in winning followers; his merit lay in opening new territory. His labors went unrewarded, and the seeds of disaster caught him first. The demotion of the Champion General was already a light punishment. In Liang's governance and punishments, here was a grave failure. The practice of favoring private kin began from this point. That his reign was not long—is this not only to be expected!
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益州民焦僧護聚眾數萬作亂，蕭淵藻年未弱冠，集僚佐議自擊之； 或陳不可，淵藻大怒，斬於階側。 乃乘平肩輿巡行賊壘。 賊弓亂射，矢下如雨，從者舉楯御矢，淵藻命去之。 由是人心大安，擊僧護等，皆平之。
Jiao Seng'hu of Yizhou gathered tens of thousands in rebellion. Xiao Yuanzao was not yet twenty; he assembled his staff to discuss leading the attack himself; some objected that it could not be done; Yuanzao flew into a rage and beheaded them beside the steps. He then rode in an open litter and toured the rebel camps. The rebels shot wildly; arrows fell like rain. His attendants raised shields to ward off the arrows, but Yuanzao ordered them taken away. Thereby the people's hearts were greatly reassured. He attacked Seng'hu and the others and pacified them all.
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六月，庚戌，初立孔子廟。
In the sixth month, on gengxu, the Temple of Confucius was established for the first time.
20
豫州刺史王超宗將兵圍魏小峴。 丁卯，魏揚州刺史薛真度遣兼統軍李叔仁等擊之，超宗兵大敗。
Wang Chaozong, Inspector of Yuzhou, led troops to besiege Wei's Little Xian. On dingmao Xue Zhendu, Wei's Inspector of Yangzhou, dispatched Acting Commander Li Shuren and others to attack them; Chaozong's army was routed.
21
冠軍將軍王景胤、李畎、輔國將軍魯方達等與魏王足戰，屢敗。 秋，七月，足進逼涪城。
Champion General Wang Jingyin, Li Qu, General Who Assists the State Lu Fangda, and others fought Wang Zu of Wei and were repeatedly defeated. In autumn, the seventh month, Zu advanced and pressed Fucheng.
22
八月，壬寅，魏中山王英寇雍州。
In the eighth month, on renyin the Prince of Zhongshan, Ying, of Wei invaded Yongzhou.
23
庚戌，秦、梁二州刺史魯方達與魏王足統軍紀洪雅、盧祖遷戰，敗，方達等十五將皆死。 壬子，王景胤等又與祖遷城，敗，景胤等二十四將皆死。
On gengxu Lu Fangda, Governor of Qin and Liang provinces, fought Wang Zu's commanders Ji Hongya and Lu Zuqian and was defeated; Fangda and fifteen other generals were killed. On renzi Wang Jingyin and others fought Zuqian again and were defeated; Jingyin and twenty-four other generals were killed.
24
楊公則至洛口，與魏豫州長史石榮戰，斬之。 甲寅，將軍姜慶真與魏戰於羊石，不利，公則退屯馬頭。
Yang Gongze reached Luokou, fought Shi Rong, Chief Clerk of Yuzhou in Wei, and beheaded him. On jiayin General Jiang Qingzhen fought Wei at Yangshi with an unfavorable outcome; Gongze withdrew and encamped at Matou.
25
雍州蠻沔東太守田青喜叛降魏。
Tian Qingxi, Administrator of Mian East among the Yongzhou tribes, rebelled and surrendered to Wei.
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魏有芝生於太極殿之西序，魏主以示侍中崔光。 光上表，以為：「此《莊子》所謂『氣蒸成菌』者也。 柔脆之物，生於墟落穢溫之地，不當生於殿堂高華之處； 今忽有之，厥狀扶疏，誠足異也。 夫野木生朝，野鳥入廟，古人皆以為敗亡之象，故太戊、中宗懼災修德，殷道以昌，所謂『家利而怪先，國興而妖豫』者也。 今西南二方，兵革未息，郊甸之內，大旱逾時，民勞物悴，菲此之甚，承天育民者所宜矜恤。 伏願陛下側躬聳意，惟新聖道，節夜飲之樂，養方富之年，則魏祚可以永隆，皇壽等於山嶽矣。」 於是魏主好宴樂，故光言及之。
In Wei a fungus grew in the western wing of the Hall of Supreme Pole; the Wei emperor showed it to Attendant-in-Ordinary Cui Guang. Guang submitted a memorial, stating: "This is what Zhuangzi called 'vapor steaming into fungus. A soft, fragile thing grows in ruined hamlets and foul, warm places; it ought not grow in lofty, splendid halls; yet now it has suddenly appeared here, its form luxuriant—truly strange indeed. When wild trees grow in the court and wild birds enter the temple, the ancients all took these as omens of ruin; therefore Taojia and Zhongzong feared calamity and cultivated virtue, and the Yin dynasty flourished—what is meant by 'when the house is about to prosper, monsters appear first; when the state is about to rise, portents come beforehand.' Now war has not ceased in the southwest and west; within the capital suburbs a great drought has lasted beyond its season; the people are weary and resources exhausted—nothing exceeds this in misery. Those who receive Heaven's mandate and nurture the people ought to show compassion. I humbly wish Your Majesty would humble yourself and renew your mind, refresh the sage Way, moderate the pleasures of nightly feasting, and nurture the years when the realm is just growing prosperous—then Wei's fortune may endure forever and Your Majesty's years may equal the mountains." The Wei emperor was fond of feasting and music; therefore Guang spoke of this.
27
九月，己巳，楊公則等與魏揚州刺史元嵩戰，公則敗績。
In the ninth month, on jisi, Yang Gongze and others fought Yuan Song, Wei's Inspector of Yangzhou; Gongze was defeated.
28
冬，十月，丙午，上大舉伐魏，以揚州刺史臨川王宏都督北討諸軍事，尚書右僕射柳惔為副，王公以下各上國租及田谷以助軍。 宏軍於洛口。
In winter, the tenth month, on bingwu the emperor launched a major campaign against Wei. He appointed the Prince of Linchuan, Hong, Inspector of Yangzhou, Supervisor of all northern expedition military affairs, with Liu Yan, Right Vice Director of the Secretariat, as deputy. Princes, dukes, and officials below each submitted state rents and field grain to support the army. Hong encamped at Luokou.
29
楊集起、集義立楊紹先為帝，自皆稱王。 十一月，戊辰朔，魏遣光祿大夫楊椿將兵討之。
Yang Jiji and Jiyi set up Yang Shaoxian as emperor; they themselves all took royal titles. In the eleventh month, on wuchen the new moon, Wei dispatched Yang Chun, Grandee of Splendid Happiness, with troops to suppress them.
30
魏王足圍涪城，蜀人震恐，益州城戍降魏者什二三，民自上名籍者五萬餘戶。 刑巒表於魏主，請乘勝取蜀，以為：「建康、成都，相去萬里，陸行既絕，惟資水路。 水軍西上，非同年不達，益州外無軍援，一可圖也。 頃經劉季連反，鄧元起攻圍，資儲空竭，吏民無復固守之志，二可圖也。 蕭淵藻裙屐少年，未洽治務，宿昔名將，多見囚戮，今之所任，皆左右少年，三可圖也。 蜀之所恃，唯在劍閣，今既克南安，已奪其險，據彼竟內，三分已一； 自南安向涪，方軌無礙，前軍累敗，後眾喪魄，四可圖也。 淵藻是蕭衍骨肉至親，必無處理，若克涪城，淵藻安青城中坐而受困，必將望風逃去； 若其出鬥，庸、蜀士卒駑怯，弓矢寡弱，五可圖也。 臣內省文吏，不習軍旅，賴將士竭力，頻有薄捷。 既克重阻，民心懷服，瞻望涪、益，旦夕可屠。 正以兵少糧匱，未宜前出，今若不取，後圖便難。 況益州殷實。 戶口十萬，比壽春、義陽，其利三倍。 朝廷若欲進取，時不可失； 若欲保境寧民，則臣居此無事，乞歸侍養。」 魏主詔以「平蜀之舉，當更聽後敕。 寇難未夷，何得以養親為辭！」 巒又表稱：「昔鄧艾、鐘會帥十八萬眾，傾中國資儲，僅能平蜀，所以然者，斗實力也。 況臣才非古人，何宜以二萬之眾而希平蜀！ 所以敢者，正以據得要險，士民慕義。 此往則易，彼來則難，任力而行，理有可克。 今王足已逼涪城，脫得涪，則益州乃成擒之物，但得之有早晚耳。 且梓潼已附民戶數萬，朝廷豈可不守！ 又，劍閣天險，得而棄之，良可惜矣！ 臣誠知戰伐危事，未易可為。 自軍度劍閣以來，鬢髮中白，日夜戰懼，何可為心！ 所以勉強者，既得此地而自退不守，恐負陛下之爵祿故也。 且臣之意算，正欲先取部城，以漸而進。 若得涪城，則中分益州之地，斷水陸之沖。 彼外無援軍，孤城自守，何能復持久哉！ 臣今欲使軍軍相次，聲勢連接，先為萬全之計，然後圖功； 得之則大利，不得則自全。 又，巴西、南鄭，相距千四百里，去州迢遰，恆多擾動。 昔在南之日，以其統綰勢難，曾立巴州，鎮靜夷、獠，梁州藉利，因而表罷。 彼土民望，嚴、蒲、何、楊，非唯一族，雖率居山谷，而豪右甚多，文學風流，亦為不少，但以去州既遠，不獲仕進。 至於州綱，無由廁跡，是以郁怏，多生異圖。 比道遷建義之始，嚴玄思自號巴州刺史，克城以來，仍使行事。 巴西廣袤千里，戶餘四萬，若於彼立州，鎮攝華、獠，則大貼民情，從墊江已還，不勞征伐，自為國有。」 魏主不從。
Wang Zu of Wei besieged Fucheng; the people of Shu were shaken with fear. Two or three tenths of Yizhou's garrison towns surrendered to Wei, and more than fifty thousand households voluntarily registered their names. Xing Luan memorialized the Wei emperor, urging that they seize the moment to take Shu. He argued: "Jiankang and Chengdu are ten thousand li apart; overland routes are already cut off, and only the water route remains. A fleet sailing west cannot arrive within a single year, and Yizhou has no military aid from outside—first, it can be taken. Recently Liu Jilian rebelled and Deng Yuanqi besieged the province; stores are exhausted and officials and people no longer have the will to hold firm—second, it can be taken. Xiao Yuanzao is a pampered youth who has not mastered governance; famous generals of old have mostly been imprisoned or killed; those now in office are all young favorites at his side—third, it can be taken. Shu relies only on Jiange Pass; now that Nan'an has been taken, its strategic barrier is lost, and one-third of its territory within the borders is already held; from Nan'an toward Fu the road lies open; the forward armies have been repeatedly defeated and the rear forces have lost heart—fourth, it can be taken. Yuanzao is Xiao Yan's closest kinsman and surely cannot manage affairs; if Fucheng is taken, Yuanzao will sit in Chengdu and accept encirclement—he is sure to flee at the first sign of defeat; if he comes out to fight, the soldiers of Yong and Shu are dull and timid, their bows and arrows few and weak—fifth, it can be taken. I am by nature a civil official untrained in military affairs; relying on the generals' and soldiers' full effort, we have had frequent minor victories. Having already taken the major barriers, the people's hearts are won over; looking toward Fu and Yi, they can be taken within days. It is only that with few troops and scant grain it is not yet fitting to advance; if we do not take Shu now, later plans will be far more difficult. Moreover, Yizhou is rich and substantial. It has a hundred thousand registered households; compared with Shouchun and Yiyang, its profit is three times as great. If the court wishes to advance and seize it, the moment must not be lost; if it wishes only to secure the borders and give the people peace, then I have nothing to do here and beg to return home to care for my parents." The Wei emperor issued an edict stating: "The campaign to pacify Shu shall await further orders. The enemy is not yet pacified—how can you use caring for your parents as an excuse!" Luan memorialized again, stating: "In the past Deng Ai and Zhong Hui led a hundred and eighty thousand men and exhausted the empire's stores, barely able to pacify Shu—the reason was that they matched strength for strength. Moreover, my talent falls far short of the ancients—how can I hope to pacify Shu with only twenty thousand men! The reason I dare attempt it is precisely that we hold the vital passes and the gentry and people admire our cause. Going west is easy; coming east is hard; acting according to our strength, it stands to reason that we can prevail. Now Wang Zu has already pressed Fucheng; if Fu is taken, Yizhou becomes something already in our grasp—only a question of sooner or later. Moreover, Zitong has already submitted with tens of thousands of households—how can the court fail to hold it! Again, Jiange Pass is a heaven-sent barrier—to gain it and then abandon it would be a grievous waste! I truly know that warfare is perilous and not easily undertaken. Since the army crossed Jiange Pass, my temples have turned half white; day and night I tremble with fear of battle—what peace of mind can I have! The reason I force myself to continue is that, having gained this territory, to withdraw and not hold it would mean failing the trust of Your Majesty's rank and stipend. Moreover, my plan is precisely to take Fucheng first and advance step by step. If Fucheng is taken, Yizhou's territory is cut in half and the water and land routes are severed. They will have no aid from outside; a lone city holding out—how can it endure! I now wish to have the armies follow one another in succession, their momentum linked, first making plans for complete safety and only then seeking victory; if we gain it, great profit; if not, we preserve ourselves. Again, Baxi and Nanzheng are fourteen hundred li apart, far from the provincial capital, and disturbances are constant. When I was in the south, because control was difficult over such a distance, Bazhou was once established to pacify the Yi and Liao tribes; Liang province benefited, and therefore a memorial was submitted to abolish it. The leading clans of that land—Yan, Pu, He, Yang—are not of a single family; though they mostly dwell in mountain valleys, there are many powerful houses, and men of letters and refinement are not few, yet because they are so far from the provincial capital they cannot advance in office. As for the provincial establishment, they have no way to take part in it; therefore they are resentful and often hatch rebellious designs. Recently, at the beginning of Daoyi's uprising, Yan Xuan'en styled himself Inspector of Bazhou; since the city was taken, he has continued to act in that capacity. Baxi extends a thousand li with more than forty thousand households; if a province were established there to pacify the Chinese and tribal peoples, it would greatly suit local sentiment; from Dianjiang westward, without campaigns, it would become our territory." The Wei emperor did not agree.
31
先是，魏主以王足行益州刺史。 上遣天門太守張齊將兵救益州，未至，魏主更以梁州軍司泰山羊祉為益州刺史。 王足聞之，不悅，輒引兵還，遂不能定蜀。 久之，足自魏來奔。 刑巒在梁州，接豪右以禮，撫小民以惠，州人悅之。 巒之克巴西也，使軍主李仲遷守之。 仲遷溺於酒色，費散兵儲，公事諮承，無能見者。 巒忿之切齒，仲遷懼，謀叛，城人斬其首，以城來降。
Earlier, the Wei emperor had made Wang Zu Acting Inspector of Yizhou. The emperor dispatched Zhang Qi, Administrator of Tianmen, to lead troops to rescue Yizhou; before he arrived, the Wei emperor replaced Wang Zu with Yang Zhi of Taishan, Army Supervisor of Liang province, as Inspector of Yizhou. Wang Zu heard of this, was displeased, and forthwith led his troops back; thus he could not settle Shu. After a long while, Zu defected from Wei to Liang. Xing Luan was in Liang province; he received the powerful clans with courtesy and treated the common people with kindness, and the people of the province were pleased with him. When Luan took Baxi, he had Army Commander Li Zhongqian defend it. Zhongqian was drowned in wine and women, squandered military stores, and when public business was referred to him, no one could gain an audience. Luan gnashed his teeth in anger; Zhongqian was afraid and plotted rebellion; the people of the city beheaded him and surrendered the city.
32
十二月，庚申，魏遣驃騎大將軍源懷討武興氐，刑巒等並受節度。
In the twelfth month, on gengshen, Wei dispatched Yuan Huai, General of Agile Cavalry, to suppress the Di of Wuxing; Xing Luan and others all served under his command.
33
司徒、尚書令謝朏以母憂去職。
Xie Tiao, Minister of Works and Director of the Secretariat, left office to observe mourning for his mother.
34
是歲，大穰，米斛三十錢。
This year there was a great harvest; rice sold for thirty cash per hu.
35
高祖武皇帝二天監五年（ 丙戌，公元五零六年）
Emperor Wu of Liang, fifth year of Tianjian ( bingxu, AD 506)
36
春，正月，丁卯朔，魏於後生子昌，大赦。
In spring, the first month, on dingmao the new moon, the Wei empress gave birth to a son, Chang, and a general amnesty was proclaimed.
37
楊集義圍魏關城，刑巒使建武將軍傅豎眼討之，集義逆戰，豎眼擊破之。 乘勝逐北，壬申，克武興，執楊紹先，送洛陽。 楊集起、楊集義亡走。 遂滅其國，以為武興鎮，又改為東益州。
Yang Jiyi besieged Wei's Guancheng; Xing Luan sent Fu Shuyan, General Who Establishes Martial Power, to suppress him. Jiyi met him in battle, and Shuyan routed him. Pressing the victory in pursuit, on renshen he took Wuxing, seized Yang Shaoxian, and sent him to Luoyang. Yang Jiji and Yang Jiyi fled. Their state was then destroyed; it was made the Wuxing garrison and later renamed Eastern Yizhou.
38
乙亥，以前司徒謝朏為中書監、司徒。
On yihai the former Minister of Works Xie Tiao was appointed Supervisor of the Secretariat and Minister of Works.
39
冀州刺史桓和擊魏南青州，不克。
Huan He, Inspector of Jizhou, attacked Wei's Southern Qingzhou but could not take it.
40
魏秦州屠各王灋智聚眾二千，推秦州主簿呂苟兒為主，改元建明，置百官，攻逼州郡。 涇州民陳瞻亦聚眾稱王，改元聖明。
Wang Fazhi the Tuge of Qinzhou in Wei gathered two thousand men, set up Lü Gou'er, Chief Clerk of Qinzhou, as leader, changed the era name to Jianming, established a full bureaucracy, and attacked the provinces and commanderies. Chen Zhan of Jingzhou also gathered a force and styled himself king, changing the era name to Shengming.
41
己卯，楊集起兄弟相帥降魏。
On jimao the brothers Yang Jiji surrendered to Wei together.
42
甲申，封皇子綱為晉安王。
On jiashen the imperial son Gang was enfeoffed as Prince of Jin'an.
43
二月，丙辰，魏主詔王公以上直言忠諫。 治書侍御史陽固上表，以為：「當今之務，宜親宗室，勤庶政，貴農桑，賤工賈，絕談虛窮微之論，簡桑門無用之費，以救饑寒之苦。」 時魏主委任高肇，疏薄宗室，好桑門之法，不親政事，故固言及之。
In the second month, on bingchen, the Wei emperor ordered princes, dukes, and officials of rank to speak frankly with loyal remonstrance. Yang Gu, Attending Secretary in the Secretariat for Imperial Documents, submitted a memorial, stating: "The task of the present age should be to draw close to the imperial clan, attend diligently to common administration, value agriculture and sericulture, hold craftsmen and merchants in low esteem, cut off discussions of empty subtleties, reduce the useless expenses of Buddhist monks, and relieve the suffering of hunger and cold." At the time the Wei emperor entrusted Gao Zhao, was cold toward the imperial clan, favored Buddhist practices, and did not attend to government affairs; therefore Gu spoke of these matters.
44
戊午，魏遣右衛將軍元麗都督諸軍討呂苟兒。 麗，小新成之子也。
On wuwu Wei dispatched Yuan Li, General of the Right Guard, as Supervisor of all armies to suppress Lü Gou'er. Li was the son of Xiaoxincheng.
45
乙丑，徐州刺史歷陽昌義之與魏平南將軍陳伯之戰於梁城，義之敗績。
On yichou Chang Yizhi of Liyang, Inspector of Xuzhou, fought Chen Bozhi, General Who Pacifies the South in Wei, at Liangcheng; Yizhi was defeated.
46
將軍蕭昺將兵擊魏徐州，圍淮陽。
General Xiao Bing led troops to attack Wei's Xuzhou and besieged Huaiyang.
47
三月，丙寅朔，日有食之。
In the third month, on bingyin the new moon, there was a solar eclipse.
48
己卯，魏荊州刺史趙怡、平南將軍奚康生救淮陽。
On jimao Zhao Yi, Inspector of Jingzhou in Wei, and Xi Kangsheng, General Who Pacifies the South, rescued Huaiyang.
49
魏咸陽王禧之子翼，遇赦，求葬其父。 屢泣請於魏主，魏主不許。 癸未，翼與其弟昌、曄來奔。 上以翼為咸陽王，翼以曄嫡母李妃之子也，請以爵讓之，上不許。
Yi, son of the Prince of Xianyang, Xi, encountered an amnesty and begged to bury his father. He repeatedly wept and pleaded with the Wei emperor; the Wei emperor refused. On guiwei Yi defected with his brothers Chang and Ye. The emperor made Yi Prince of Xianyang; Yi, because Ye was the son of the principal consort Lady Li, asked to yield the title to him; the emperor refused.
50
輔國將軍劉思效敗魏青州刺史元繫於膠水。
Liu Sixiao, General Who Assists the State, defeated Yuan Xi, Inspector of Qingzhou in Wei, at the Jiao River.
51
臨川王宏使記室吳興丘遲為書遺陳伯之曰：「尋君去就之際，非有它故，直以不能內審諸己，外受流言，沈迷猖蹶，以至於此。 主上屈法申恩，吞舟是漏，將軍松柏不翦，親戚安居，高台未傾，愛妾尚在。 而將軍魚游於沸鼎之中，燕巢于飛幕之上，不亦惑乎！ 想早勵良圖，自求多福。」 庚寅，伯之自壽陽梁城擁眾八千來降，魏人殺其子虎牙。 詔復以伯之為西豫州刺史； 未之任，復以為通直散騎常侍。 久之，卒於家。
The Prince of Linchuan, Hong, had his Recorder Qiu Chi of Wuxing write a letter to Chen Bozhi, saying: "Reflecting on the moment of your departure, there was no other cause—you simply could not examine yourself within and outwardly accepted slanderous talk, sinking into delusion and reckless ruin, until it came to this. Our lord has bent the law to extend grace; even great offenders are spared. Your ancestral groves have not been cut down, your kin dwell in peace, your high terrace has not fallen, and your beloved concubine is still alive. Yet you, General, swim like a fish in a boiling cauldron and nest like a swallow on a swaying curtain—is this not folly! I trust you will soon rouse yourself to a worthy plan and secure your own greater blessing." On gengyin Bozhi defected from Shouyang and Liangcheng at the head of eight thousand men; the Wei people killed his son Huya. An edict restored Bozhi as Inspector of Western Yuzhou; before he took up the post, he was again made Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry. After a long while he died at home.
52
初，魏御史中尉甄琛表稱：「《周禮》，山林川澤有虞、衡之官，為之厲禁，蓋取之以時，不使戕賊而已，故雖置有司，實為民守之也。 夫一家之長，必惠養子孫，天下之君，必惠養兆民，未有為人父母而吝其醯醢，富有群生而榷其一物者也。 今縣官鄣護河東鹽池而收其利，是專奉口腹而不及四體也。 蓋天子富有四海，何患於貧！ 乞弛鹽禁，與民共之。」 錄尚書事勰、尚書邢巒奏，以為：「琛之所陳，坐談則理高，行之則事闕。 竊惟古之善治民者，必污隆隨時，豐儉稱事，役養消息以成其性命。 若任其自生，隨其飲啄，乃是芻狗萬物，何以君為！ 是故聖人斂山澤之貨，以寬田疇之賦； 收關市之稅，以助什一之儲。 取此與彼，皆非為身，所謂資天地之產，惠天地之民也。 今鹽池之禁，為日已久，積而散之，以濟軍國，非專為供太官之膳羞，給後宮之服玩。 既利不在己，則彼我一也。 然自禁鹽以來，有司多慢，出納之間，或不如法。 是使細民嗟怨，負販輕議，此乃用之者無方，非作之者有失也。 一旦罷之，恐乖本旨。 一行一改，法若弈棋，參論理要，宜如舊式。」 魏主卒從琛議，夏，四月，乙未，罷鹽池禁。
Earlier, Zhen Chen, Imperial Inspecting Censor in Wei, memorialized, stating: "In the Rites of Zhou, mountains, forests, rivers, and marshes had officials of Yu and Heng who set strict prohibitions—essentially taking from them according to season and not allowing wanton harm; therefore, though officials were established, in truth they guarded these resources for the people. The head of a household must nourish his sons and grandsons with kindness; the ruler of all under Heaven must nourish the myriad people with kindness. Never has a parent been stingy with pickles and sauces, or a ruler possessed of all the living yet monopolized a single commodity. Now the government protects the salt ponds of Hedong and collects their profit—this is to attend only the mouth and belly and neglect the four limbs. The Son of Heaven possesses the Four Seas—what worry has he of poverty! I beg that the salt prohibition be relaxed and shared with the people." Xie, Recorder of the Secretariat, and Xing Luan, Director of the Secretariat, memorialized, stating: "What Chen has presented is lofty in theory when discussed at leisure, but impractical when carried out. I reflect that those of old who governed the people well surely adapted to the times whether foul or fair, matched abundance or scarcity to affairs, and through labor, nurture, rest, and recovery sustained their lives. If one lets them live as they will and follow their eating and pecking, this is to treat all things as straw dogs—why have a ruler at all! Therefore the sage gathers the goods of mountains and marshes to lighten the levies on fields; collects the taxes of passes and markets to aid the tithe stores. Taking from this to give to that is none of it for oneself—what is meant by drawing on the produce of Heaven and Earth to benefit the people of Heaven and Earth. Now the prohibition on the salt ponds has been in force a long time; what is gathered and dispersed supports the army and state—it is not solely to supply the Grand Provisioner's delicacies or the rear palace's ornaments. Since the profit does not go into one's own pocket, then theirs and ours are one. Yet since the salt prohibition, the officials have often been negligent; in receipts and disbursements they have sometimes not followed the law. This makes the common people sigh in resentment and peddlers speak lightly in criticism—this is that those who apply the policy lack method, not that those who made it were at fault. To abolish it at once would, I fear, go against the original intent. One act, one change—the law is like a game of chess; weighing the essentials of reason, it should remain as before." The Wei emperor in the end followed Chen's proposal; in summer, the fourth month, on yiwei, the prohibition on the salt ponds was abolished.
53
庚戌，魏以中山王英為征南將軍、都督揚、徐二州諸軍事，帥眾十餘萬以拒梁軍，指授諸節度，所至以便宜從事。
On gengxu Wei made the Prince of Zhongshan, Ying, General Who Campaigns South and Supervisor of all military affairs in Yang and Xu provinces, leading more than a hundred thousand men to resist the Liang army; he directed all commanders and wherever he went acted at his own discretion.
54
江州刺史王茂將兵數萬侵魏荊州，誘魏邊民及諸蠻更立宛州，遣其所署宛州刺史雷豹狼等襲取魏河南城。 魏遣平南將軍楊大眼都督諸軍擊茂，辛酉，茂戰敗，失亡二千餘人。 大眼進攻河南城，茂逃還； 大眼追至漢水，攻拔五城。
Wang Mao, Inspector of Jiangzhou, led tens of thousands of troops to invade Wei's Jingzhou, induced Wei's border people and various tribes to re-establish Wanzhou, and dispatched his appointed Inspector of Wanzhou, Lei Baolang, and others to seize Wei's Henancheng. Wei dispatched Yang Dayan, General Who Pacifies the South, as Supervisor of all armies to attack Mao; on xinyou Mao was defeated and lost more than two thousand men. Dayan advanced to attack Henancheng; Mao fled back; Dayan pursued to the Han River and took five cities.
55
魏徵虜將軍宇文福寇司州，俘千餘口而去。
Yuwen Fu, General Who Punishes the Barbarians in Wei, raided Sizhou, captured more than a thousand people, and withdrew.
56
五月，辛未，太子右衛率張惠紹等侵魏徐州，拔宿預，執城主馬成龍。 乙亥，北徐州刺史昌義之拔梁城。
In the fifth month, on xinwei Zhang Huishao, Right Commandant of the Crown Prince's Guard, and others invaded Wei's Xuzhou, took Suyu, and seized the city commander Ma Chenglong. On yihai Chang Yizhi, Inspector of Northern Xuzhou, took Liangcheng.
57
豫州刺史韋睿遣長史王超等攻小峴，未拔。 睿行圍柵，魏出數百人陳於門外，睿欲擊之，諸將皆曰：「向者輕來，未有戰備，徐還授甲，乃可進耳。」 睿曰：「不然。 魏城中二千餘人，足以固守，今無故出人於外，必其驍勇者也。 苟能挫之，其城自拔。」 眾猶遲疑，睿指其節曰：』朝廷授此，非以為飾，韋睿法不可犯也！」 遂進擊之，士皆殊死戰，魏兵敗走，因急攻之，中宿而拔，遂至合肥。
Wei Rui, Inspector of Yuzhou, dispatched his Chief Clerk Wang Chao and others to attack Little Xian but could not take it. Rui was building siege palisades when Wei sent out several hundred men to form ranks outside the gate. Rui wished to attack them; the generals all said: "We came lightly and have no battle preparations; let us return slowly, don armor, and then advance." Rui said: "Not so. The Wei garrison has more than two thousand men, enough to hold the city; now they come out without cause—these must be their fiercest fighters. If we can break them, the city will fall of its own accord." The others still hesitated; Rui pointed to his staff of office and said: "The court granted this not as ornament—Wei Rui's law cannot be violated!" He then advanced to attack; his soldiers fought to the death; the Wei troops were routed; he pressed the attack urgently and took the city by midnight, then proceeded to Hefei.
58
先是，右軍司馬胡景略等攻合肥，久未下，睿按山川，夜，帥眾堰肥水，頃之，堰成水通，舟艦繼至。 魏築東、西小城夾合肥，睿先攻二城，魏將楊靈胤帥眾五萬奄至。 眾懼不敵，請奏益兵，睿笑曰：「賊至城下，方求益兵，將何所及！ 且吾求益兵，彼亦益兵。 兵貴用奇，豈在眾也！」 遂擊靈胤，破之。 睿使軍主王懷靜築城於岸以守堰，魏攻拔之，城中千餘人皆沒。 魏人乘勝至堤下，兵勢甚盛，諸將欲退還漅湖，或欲保三叉，睿怒曰：「寧有此邪！」 命取傘扇麾幢，樹之堤下，示無動志。 魏人來鑿堤，睿親與之爭，魏兵卻，因築壘於堤以自固。 睿起鬥艦，高與合肥城等，四面臨之，城中人皆哭，守將社元倫登城督戰，中弩死。 辛巳，城潰，俘斬萬餘級，獲牛馬以萬數。
Earlier, Hu Jinglue, Right Army Major, and others had attacked Hefei but long failed to take it. Rui surveyed the terrain; at night he led his troops to dam the Fei River; soon the dam was complete and water flowed through; warships arrived in succession. Wei built eastern and western outworks flanking Hefei; Rui first attacked the two outworks; the Wei general Yang Lingyin led fifty thousand men and suddenly arrived. His men feared they could not match the enemy and asked to request reinforcements. Rui laughed and said: "The enemy has reached the walls and only now you ask for more troops—what good will that do! Moreover, if we ask for reinforcements, they too will add troops. In warfare what is prized is surprise—what does it matter how many men you have!" He then attacked Lingyin and defeated him. Rui had Army Commander Wang Huaijing build a fort on the bank to guard the dam; Wei attacked and took it; more than a thousand men in the fort perished. The Wei troops pressed their victory to the foot of the dam; their momentum was overwhelming; the generals wished to retreat to Chaohu Lake or hold Sancha. Rui angrily said: "How can there be such a thing!" He ordered umbrellas, fans, banners, and pennants brought and planted below the dam to show they had no intention of retreating. The Wei troops came to breach the dam; Rui personally fought them off; the Wei troops withdrew, and he then built ramparts on the dam to secure his position. Rui raised tower ships as high as the walls of Hefei and pressed in on all four sides; the people in the city all wept; the defending general Du Yuanlun mounted the wall to direct the battle and was killed by a crossbow bolt. On xinsi the city fell; more than ten thousand were captured or killed; cattle and horses were taken by the tens of thousands.
59
睿體素羸，未嘗跨馬，每戰，常乘板輿督厲將士，勇氣無敵； 晝接賓旅，夜半起，算軍書，張燈達曙。 撫扦其眾，常如不及，故投募之士爭歸之。 所至頓捨，館宇籓牆，皆應準繩。
Rui's body was always frail; he never mounted a horse; in every battle he rode in a wooden litter to urge on his generals and soldiers—his courage was unmatched; by day he received guests and travelers; at midnight he rose to reckon military documents, lamps burning until dawn. He comforted and supported his troops as though he could never do enough; therefore volunteers competed to join him. Wherever he halted, lodges and fence walls all met the standard measure.
60
諸軍進至東陵，有詔班師。 去魏城既近，諸將恐其追躡，睿悉遣輜重居前，身乘小輿殿後，魏人服睿威名，望之不敢逼，全軍而還。 於是遷豫州治合肥。
The armies advanced to Dongling; an edict ordered withdrawal. They were already close to Wei territory; the generals feared pursuit. Rui sent all baggage trains ahead and himself rode in a small litter in the rear; the Wei troops respected Rui's renown and, seeing him, did not dare press close; the whole army returned intact. Thereupon the seat of Yuzhou was moved to Hefei.
61
壬午，魏遣尚書元遙南拒梁兵。
On renwu Wei dispatched Yuan Yao of the Secretariat south to resist the Liang army.
62
癸未，魏遣征西將軍於勁節度秦、隴諸軍。
On guiwei Wei dispatched Yu Jin, General Who Campaigns West, to command all armies in Qin and Long.
63
丁亥，廬江太守聞喜裴邃克魏羊石城，庚寅，又克霍丘城。
On dinghai Pei Sui of Wenxi, Administrator of Lujiang, took Wei's Yangshi city; on gengyin he also took Huoqiu city.
64
六月，庚子，青、冀二州刺史桓和克朐山城。
In the sixth month, on gengzi Huan He, Inspector of Qing and Ji provinces, took Qushan city.
65
乙巳，魏安西將軍元麗擊王灋智，破之，斬首六千級。
On yisi Yuan Li, General Who Pacifies the West in Wei, attacked Wang Fazhi, defeated him, and beheaded six thousand.
66
張惠紹與假徐州刺史宋黑水陸俱進，趣彭城，圍高塚戍，魏武衛將軍奚康生將兵救之，丁未，惠紹兵不利，黑戰死。
Zhang Huishao and Song Hei, Acting Inspector of Xuzhou, advanced together by land and water toward Pengcheng and besieged the Gaozhong garrison; Xi Kangsheng, General of the Martial Guard in Wei, led troops to rescue it; on dingwei Huishao's army was defeated and Hei was killed in battle.
67
太子統生五歲，能遍誦《五經》； 庚戌，始自禁中山居東宮。
The Crown Prince Tong at age five could recite all the Five Classics; on gengxu he first left Zhongshan to reside in the Eastern Palace.
68
丁巳，魏以度支尚書邢巒都督東討諸軍事。
On dingsi Wei made Xing Luan, Director of the Secretariat for Revenue, Supervisor of all eastern punitive military affairs.
69
魏驃騎大將軍馮翊惠公源懷卒。 懷性寬簡，不喜煩碎，常曰：「為貴人當舉綱維，何必事事詳細！ 譬如為屋，但外望高顯，楹棟平正，基壁完牢，足矣； 斧斤不平，斫削不密，非屋之病也。」
Yuan Huai, General of Agile Cavalry and Duke of Fenyang in Wei, died. Huai's nature was broad and simple; he did not like trivial detail and often said: "As a noble one should grasp the main ropes—why must every matter be detailed! It is like building a house: outwardly it should look tall and prominent, pillars and beams level and straight, foundation and walls complete and solid—that is enough; if hatchets are uneven or hewing not tight, that is not the house's fault."
70
秋，七月，丙寅，桓和擊魏兗州，拔固城。
In autumn, the seventh month, on bingyin Huan He attacked Yanzhou in Wei and took Gucheng.
71
呂苟兒率眾十餘萬屯孤山，圍逼秦州，元麗進擊，大破之。 行秦州事李韶掩擊孤山，獲其父母妻子，庚辰，苟兒帥其徒詣麗降。
Lü Gou'er led more than a hundred thousand men and encamped at Gushan, pressing Qinzhou; Yuan Li advanced to attack and routed him. Li Shao, acting for Qinzhou affairs, made a surprise attack on Gushan and captured Gou'er's parents, wife, and children; on gengchen Gou'er led his followers to Yuan Li to surrender.
72
兼太僕卿楊椿別討陳瞻，瞻據險拒守。 諸將或請伏兵山蹊，斷其出入，待糧盡而攻之，或欲斬木焚山，然後進討。 椿曰：「皆非計也。 自官軍之至，所向輒克，賊所以深竄，正避死耳。 今約勒諸軍，勿更侵掠，賊必謂我見險不前； 待其無備，然後奮擊，可一舉平也。」 乃止屯不進。 賊果出抄掠，椿復以馬畜餌之，不加討逐。 久之，陰簡精卒，銜枚夜襲之，斬瞻，傳首。 秦、涇二州皆平。
Yang Chun, Concurrent Director of the Imperial Stud, separately suppressed Chen Zhan; Zhan held the perilous terrain and resisted. Some generals asked to set ambush on mountain paths and cut off his routes, waiting until grain was exhausted to attack; others wished to cut trees and burn the mountains, then advance to attack. Chun said: "None of these will work. Since the government army arrived, wherever it went it prevailed; the reason the rebels burrow deep is precisely to avoid death. Now restrain the armies from further raiding; the rebels will surely think we see the peril and dare not advance; wait until they are unprepared, then strike with force—they can be pacified in one blow." He then halted and did not advance. The rebels indeed came out to raid; Chun again used horses and livestock to bait them and did not pursue. After a long while he secretly selected elite troops for a night assault with gag-sticks in their mouths, beheaded Zhan, and sent his head. Qin and Jing provinces were both pacified.
73
戊子，徐州刺史王伯敖與魏中山王英戰於陰陵，伯敖兵敗，失亡五千餘人。
On wuzi Wang Bo'ao, Inspector of Xuzhou, fought the Prince of Zhongshan, Ying, of Wei at Yinling; Bo'ao's army was defeated and lost more than five thousand men.
74
己丑，魏發定、冀、瀛、相、並、肆六州十萬人以益南行之兵。 上遣將軍角念將兵一萬屯蒙山，招納兗州之民，降者甚眾。 是時，將軍蕭及屯固城，桓和屯孤山。 魏邢巒遣統軍樊魯攻和，別將元恆攻及，統軍畢祖朽攻念。 壬寅，魯大破和於孤山，恆拔固城，祖配擊念，走之。
On jichou Wei mobilized a hundred thousand men from the six provinces of Ding, Ji, Ying, Xiang, Bing, and Xi to augment the army marching south. The emperor dispatched General Jiao Nian to lead ten thousand troops to garrison Mengshan and recruit the people of Yanzhou; very many surrendered. At this time General Xiao Ji garrisoned Gucheng and Huan He garrisoned Gushan. Xing Luan of Wei dispatched Commander Fan Lu to attack He, Separate Commander Yuan Heng to attack Ji, and Commander Bi Zuxiu to attack Nian. On renyin Lu routed He at Gushan; Heng took Gucheng; Zuxiu attacked Nian and drove him off.
75
己酉，魏詔平南將軍安樂王詮督後發諸軍赴淮南。 詮，長樂之子也。 將軍藍懷恭與魏邢蠻戰於睢口，懷恭敗績，巒進圍宿預。 懷恭復於清南築城，巒與平南將軍楊大眼合攻之，九月，癸酉，拔之，斬懷恭，殺獲萬計。 張惠紹棄宿預，蕭昺棄淮陽，遁還。
On jiyou Wei ordered Yuan Xuan, General Who Pacifies the South and Prince of Anle, to supervise the later-dispatched armies going to Huainan. Xuan was the son of Changle. General Lan Huaigong fought Xing Luan of Wei at Suikou; Huaigong was defeated; Luan advanced to besiege Suyu. Huaigong again built a city at Qingnan; Luan and Yang Dayan, General Who Pacifies the South, jointly attacked it; in the ninth month, on guiyou, they took it, beheaded Huaigong, and killed or captured men by the tens of thousands. Zhang Huishao abandoned Suyu; Xiao Bing abandoned Huaiyang and fled back.
76
臨川王宏以帝弟將兵，器械精新，軍容甚盛，北人以為百數十年所未之有。 軍次洛口，前軍克梁城，諸將欲乘勝深入，宏性懦怯，部分乖方。 魏詔邢巒引兵渡淮，與中山王英合攻梁城。 宏聞之，懼，召諸將議旋師。 呂僧珍曰：「知難而退，不亦善乎！」 宏曰：「我亦以為然。」 柳惔曰：「自我大眾所臨，何城不服，何謂難乎！」 裴邃曰：「是行也，固敵是求，何難之避！」 馬仙玭曰：「王安得亡國之言！ 天子掃境內以屬王，有前死一尺，無卻生一寸！」 昌義之怒，鬚髮盡磔，曰：「呂僧珍可斬也！ 豈有百萬之師出未逢敵，望風遽退！ 何而目得見聖主乎！」 朱僧勇、胡辛生拔劍而退，曰：「欲退自退，下官當前向取死。」 議者罷出，僧珍謝諸將曰：「殿下昨來風動，意不在軍，深恐大致沮喪，故欲全師而返耳。」 宏不敢遽違群議，停軍不前。 魏人知其不武，遺以巾幗，且歌之曰：「不畏蕭娘與呂姥，但畏合肥有韋虎。」 虎，謂韋睿也。 僧珍歎曰：「使始興、吳平為帥而佐之，豈有為敵人所侮如是乎！」 欲遣裴邃分軍取壽陽，大眾停洛口，宏固執不聽，令軍中曰：「人馬有前行者斬！」 於是將士人懷憤怒。 魏奚康生馳遣楊大眼謂中山王英曰：「梁人自克梁城已後，久不進軍，其勢可見，必畏我也。 王若進據洛水，彼自奔敗。」 英曰：「蕭臨川雖騃，其下有良將韋、裴之屬，未可輕也。 宜且觀形勢，勿與交鋒。
The Prince of Linchuan, Hong, as the emperor's younger brother commanding troops, had refined new weapons and a magnificent army; northerners considered it something not seen for more than a century. The army halted at Luokou; the forward army took Liangcheng; the generals wished to press the victory in depth; Hong's nature was timid and cowardly and his dispositions were awry. Wei ordered Xing Luan to lead troops across the Huai and join the Prince of Zhongshan, Ying, in attacking Liangcheng. Hong heard of this, was afraid, and summoned the generals to discuss withdrawing the army. Lü Sengzhen said: "To know difficulty and withdraw—is this not wise!" Hong said: "I too think so." Liu Yan said: "Since our great host has arrived, what city has not submitted—what difficulty is there!" Pei Sui said: "On this expedition we surely seek the enemy—why speak of avoiding difficulty!" Ma Xianbi said: "Your Highness, how can you utter words fit for a ruined state! The Son of Heaven has swept the realm within the borders and entrusted it to Your Highness—better to die advancing a foot than retreat living an inch!" Chang Yizhi was furious, his beard and hair bristling, and said: "Lü Sengzhen should be beheaded! How can an army of a million go forth, not yet meet the enemy, and flee at the first rumor of attack! With what face can we see the sage sovereign!" Zhu Sengyong and Hu Xinsheng drew their swords and withdrew, saying: "If you wish to retreat, retreat yourselves—this subordinate will go forward to seek death." When the council dispersed, Sengzhen apologized to the generals: "Yesterday His Highness's mind was unsettled and his intent was not on the army; I deeply feared the great host would be discouraged, and therefore wished to preserve the army and return." Hong did not dare immediately defy the collective opinion and halted the army without advancing. The Wei men knew he was not martial; they sent him women's headgear and also sang: "We do not fear Lady Xiao and Old Mother Lü, but only fear that at Hefei there is Tiger Wei." Tiger means Wei Rui. Sengzhen sighed and said: "If Shixing and Wuping were commanders and assisted him, how could he be insulted by the enemy like this!" He wished to dispatch Pei Sui with a separate army to take Shouyang while the great host remained at Luokou; Hong obstinately would not listen and ordered in the army: "Whoever advances ahead—behead!" Thereupon officers and soldiers all harbored anger. Xi Kangsheng of Wei swiftly sent Yang Dayan to tell the Prince of Zhongshan, Ying: "Since the Liang men took Liangcheng they have long not advanced—their momentum shows they surely fear us. If Your Highness advances and holds the Luo River, they will flee in defeat of themselves." Ying said: "Although Xiao of Linchuan is dull, beneath him are fine generals like Wei and Pei and their kind—not to be taken lightly. It is fitting first to observe the situation and not join battle.
77
張惠紹號令嚴明，所至獨克，軍於下邳，下邳人多欲降者，惠紹諭之曰：「我若得城，諸卿皆是國人，若不能克，徒使諸卿失鄉里，非朝廷弔民之意也。 今且安堵復業，勿妄自辛苦。」 降人鹹悅。
Zhang Huishao's orders were strict and clear; wherever he went he alone prevailed. His army was at Xiapi; many of the people of Xiapi wished to surrender. Huishao instructed them: "If I take the city, you all will be citizens of our state; if I cannot take it, I would only make you lose your homelands—this is not the court's intent to comfort the people. For now settle peacefully and resume your occupations; do not trouble yourselves in vain." The surrendering people were all pleased.
78
己丑，夜，洛口暴風雨，軍中驚，臨川王宏與數騎逃去。 將士求宏不得，皆散歸，棄甲投戈，填滿水陸，捐棄病者及羸老，死者近五萬人。 宏乘小船濟江，夜至白石壘，叩城門求入。 臨汝侯淵猷登城謂曰：「百萬之師，一朝鳥散，國之存亡，未可知也。 恐奸人乘間為變，城不可夜開。」 宏無以對，乃縋食饋之。 淵猷，淵藻之弟。 時昌義之軍梁城，聞洛口敗，與張惠紹皆引兵退。
On jichou, at night, a violent storm struck Luokou; the army panicked; the Prince of Linchuan, Hong, fled with several horsemen. Officers and soldiers could not find Hong and all dispersed homeward; they cast off armor and threw down weapons, filling land and water; the sick and weak elderly were abandoned; the dead approached fifty thousand. Hong rode a small boat across the river; at night he reached the Baishi fortress and knocked on the gate seeking entry. Yuan You, Marquis of Linru, mounted the wall and said: "An army of a million dispersed in a morning like birds—the state's survival or ruin is not yet known. I fear treacherous men may seize the moment to make trouble; the gate cannot be opened at night." Hong had nothing to reply and had food lowered to feed him. Yuan You was the younger brother of Yuanzao. At the time Chang Yizhi's army was at Liangcheng; hearing of the defeat at Luokou, he and Zhang Huishao both led their troops back.
79
魏主詔中山王英乘勝平蕩東南，遂北至馬頭，攻拔之，城中糧儲，魏悉遷之歸北。 議者鹹曰：「魏運米北歸，當不復南向。」 上曰：「不然，此必欲進兵，為詐計耳。」 乃命修鐘離城，敕昌義之為戰守之備。
The Wei emperor ordered the Prince of Zhongshan, Ying, to follow up his victory and pacify the southeast; he then went north to Matou, took it, and moved all grain stores in the city back north. Those in council all said: "Wei is moving grain north—they surely will not turn south again." The emperor said: "Not so—this is surely a ruse to cover an advance." He then ordered Zhongli city repaired and instructed Chang Yizhi to prepare for battle and defense.
80
冬，十月，英進圍鐘離，魏主詔邢巒引兵會之。 巒上表，以為：「南軍雖野戰非敵，而城守有餘，今盡銳攻鐘離，得之則所利無幾，不得則虧損甚大。 且介在淮外，借使束手歸順，猶恐無糧難守，況殺士卒以攻之乎！ 又，征南士卒從戎二時，疲弊死傷，不問可知。 雖有乘勝之資，懼無可用之力。 若臣愚見，謂宜修復舊戍，撫循諸州，以俟後舉，江東之釁，不患其無。」 詔曰：「濟淮掎角，事如前敕，何容猶爾盤桓，方有此請！ 可速進軍！」 巒又表，以為：「今中山進軍鐘離，實所未解。 若為得失之計，不顧萬全，直襲廣陵，出其不備，或未可知。 若正欲以八十日糧取鐘離城者，臣未之前聞也。 彼堅城自守。 不與人戰，城塹水深，非可填塞，空坐至春，士卒自弊。 若遣臣赴彼，從何致糧！ 夏來之兵，不繼冬服，脫遇冰雪，何方取濟！ 臣寧荷怯懦不進之責，不受敗損空行之罪。 鐘離天險，朝貴所具，若有內應，則所不知； 如其無也，必無克狀。 若信臣言，願賜臣停，若謂臣憚行求還，臣所領兵盡付中山，任其處分，臣止以單騎隨之東西。 臣屢更為將，頗知可否，臣既謂難，何容強遣！」 乃召巒還，更命鎮東將軍蕭寶寅與英同圍鐘離。
In winter, the tenth month, Ying advanced to besiege Zhongli; the Wei emperor ordered Xing Luan to lead troops to join him. Luan memorialized, stating: "The southern army, though not a match in field battle, is more than adequate for defense; now to concentrate elite forces on Zhongli—if taken, the profit is slight; if not taken, the loss is very great. Moreover it lies beyond the Huai; even if they submitted willingly, I still fear it would be hard to hold without grain—how much more to kill soldiers attacking it! Again, the Campaign South soldiers have been at war two seasons; their weariness, injury, and death need no inquiry. Though we have the momentum of victory, I fear we lack usable strength. In my humble view, it is fitting to restore old garrisons, comfort and guide the provinces, and await a later campaign—the troubles of Jiangdong will surely come in time." An edict said: "Crossing the Huai in coordinated pincer attack was as in the previous order—how can you still linger and now make this request! Advance the army at once!" Luan memorialized again, stating: "Now the Prince of Zhongshan advances on Zhongli—I truly do not understand it. If for a calculation of gain and loss, disregarding complete safety, one struck straight at Guangling and caught them unprepared—that might succeed. If one truly wishes to take Zhongli city with only eighty days' grain, I have never heard of such a thing. They hold a strong city and defend themselves. They will not come out to fight; the moat and ramparts are deep with water and cannot be filled; sitting idle until spring, our soldiers will wear themselves out. If I am sent there, whence shall grain be obtained! Soldiers who came in summer have no winter clothing; if they meet ice and snow, whence shall relief come! I would rather bear the blame of cowardice in not advancing than accept the crime of defeat in a futile march. Zhongli is a heaven-sent barrier, furnished by the court's nobles; if there is internal collusion, that I do not know; if there is none, there will surely be no prospect of taking it. If Your Majesty trusts my words, I beg to be granted a halt; if you say I fear the march and seek return, I will give all the troops I command to the Prince of Zhongshan for his disposal; I will only follow on a single horse. I have repeatedly served as a general and know fairly well what can and cannot be done; since I say it is difficult, how can I be forced to go!" He then summoned Luan back and instead ordered Xiao Baoyin, General Who Guards the East, to join Ying in besieging Zhongli.
81
侍中盧昶素惡巒，與侍中、領右衛將軍元暉共譖之，使御史中尉崔亮彈巒在漢中掠人為奴婢。 巒以漢中所得美女賂暉，暉言於魏主曰：「巒新有大功，不當以赦前小事案之。」 魏主以為然，遂不問。
Lu Chang, Attendant-in-Ordinary, had long hated Luan; with Yuan Hui, Attendant-in-Ordinary and Commander of the Right Guard, he slandered him together, having Imperial Inspecting Censor Cui Liang impeach Luan for seizing people as slaves in Hanzhong. Luan used beautiful women obtained in Hanzhong to bribe Hui; Hui said to the Wei emperor: "Luan has newly achieved great merit; he should not be prosecuted for a small matter before the amnesty." The Wei emperor agreed and did not pursue the matter.
82
暉與盧昶皆有寵於魏主，而貪縱，時人謂之「餓虎將軍」、「饑鷹侍中」。 暉尋遷吏部尚書，用官皆有定價，大郡二千匹，次郡、下郡遞減其半，餘官各有等差，選者謂之「市曹」。
Hui and Lu Chang were both favored by the Wei emperor yet greedy and unrestrained; people of the time called them "the starving tiger general" and "the hungry hawk attendant." Hui soon became Director of the Secretariat for Personnel; every office had a fixed price—great commanderies two thousand bolts, middle and lower commanderies decreasing by half in succession, other offices each with graded differences; selectors called it "the market bureau."
83
丁酉，梁兵圍義陽者夜遁，魏郢州刺史婁悅追擊，破之。
On dingyou the Liang troops besieging Yiyang fled by night; Lou Yue, Inspector of Yingzhou in Wei, pursued and defeated them.
84
柔然庫者可汗卒，子伏圖立，號佗汗可汗，改元始平。 戊申，佗汗遣使者紇奚勿六跋如魏請和。 魏主不報其使，謂勿六跋曰：「蠕蠕遠祖社侖，乃魏之叛臣，往者包容，暫聽通使。 今蠕蠕衰微，不及疇昔，大魏之德，方隆周、漢，正以江南未平，少寬北略，通和之事，未容相許。 若修籓禮，款誠昭著者，當不爾孤也。」
Kekhan, khaghan of the Rouran, died; his son Futulu succeeded, styled Tuo Khan, and changed the era name to Shiping. On wushen Tuo Khan dispatched the envoy Hexi Wuliu Ba to Wei to seek peace. The Wei emperor did not reply to his embassy and said to Wuliu Ba: "The distant ancestor of the Rouran, Shelun, was a rebel minister of Wei; in the past we tolerated and briefly allowed communication. Now the Rouran are weak and do not match former times; Great Wei's virtue is just rising like Zhou and Han; precisely because Jiangnan is not yet pacified, we slightly ease the northern campaign—matters of alliance cannot yet be granted. If you observe vassal ritual and your sincere good faith is manifest, I shall not leave you thus isolated."
85
魏京兆王愉、廣平王懷國臣多驕縱，公行屬請，魏主詔中尉崔亮究治之，坐死者三十餘人，其不死者悉除名為民。 惟廣平右常侍楊昱、文學崔楷以忠諫獲免。 昱，椿之子也。
The state ministers of the Princes of Jingzhao, Yu, and Guangping, Huai, in Wei were mostly arrogant and unrestrained, openly practicing patronage requests; the Wei emperor ordered Censor Cui Liang to investigate; more than thirty were sentenced to death, and those not executed were all struck from the rolls and made commoners. Only Yang Yu, Right Regular Attendant of Guangping, and Cui Kai, Literary Scholar, were spared for loyal remonstrance. Yu was the son of Yang Chun.
86
十一月，乙丑，大赦。 詔右衛將軍曹景宗都督諸軍二十萬救鐘離。 上敕景宗頓道人洲，俟眾軍齊集俱進。 景宗固啟求先據邵陽洲尾，上不許。 景宗欲專其功，違詔而進，值暴風猝起，頗有溺者，復還守先頓。 上聞之，曰：「景宗不進，蓋天意也。 若孤軍獨往，城不時立，必致狼狽。 今破賊必矣。」 初，漢歸義侯勢之末，群獠始出，北自漢中，南至邛、笮，佈滿山谷。 勢既亡。 蜀民多東徙，山谷空地皆為獠所據。 其近郡縣與華民雜居者，頗輸租賦，遠在深山者，郡縣不能制。 梁、益二州歲伐獠以自潤，公私利之。 及邢巒為梁州，獠近者皆安堵樂業，遠者不敢為寇。 巒既罷去，魏以羊祉為梁州刺史，傅豎眼為益州刺史。 祉性酷虐，不得物情。 獠王趙清荊引梁兵入州境為寇，祉遣兵擊破之。 豎眼施恩布信，大得獠和。
In the eleventh month, on yichou, a general amnesty was proclaimed. An edict appointed Cao Jingzong, General of the Right Guard, to supervise two hundred thousand men to rescue Zhongli. The emperor ordered Jingzong to halt at Daoren Isle and wait until all armies were assembled before advancing together. Jingzong obstinately memorialized asking first to hold the tail of Shaoyang Isle; the emperor refused. Jingzong wished to monopolize the credit, disobeyed the edict and advanced, met a sudden violent storm, and many were drowned; he returned to his former encampment. The emperor heard of it and said: "Jingzong's failure to advance was surely Heaven's intent. If a lone army went alone and the city were not taken in time, disaster would surely follow. Now we are certain to defeat the enemy." Earlier, at the end of Marquis of Guyi Shi of Han, the Liao tribes first emerged; from Hanzhong in the north to Qiong and Zuo in the south, they spread through the mountain valleys. When Shi perished, many Shu people moved east; empty lands in the mountain valleys were all occupied by the Liao. Those near commanderies and counties who lived mixed with Chinese mostly paid rents and levies; those far in the deep mountains the commanderies and counties could not control. Liang and Yi provinces annually raided the Liao for profit; public and private interests alike benefited. When Xing Luan governed Liang province, nearby Liao all settled peacefully and pursued their occupations; those far off did not dare raid. After Luan was removed, Wei made Yang Zhi Inspector of Liang province and Fu Shuyan Inspector of Yizhou. Zhi's nature was cruel and tyrannical; he did not win the people's hearts. The Liao king Zhao Qingjing led Liang troops into the province as raiders; Zhi dispatched troops and defeated them. Shuyan bestowed favor and spread trust; he greatly won the Liao's goodwill.
87
十二月，癸卯，都亭靖侯謝朏卒。
In the twelfth month, on guimao, Xie Tiao, Marquis of Duting, died.
88
魏人議樂，久不決。
The Wei court debated music but long could not reach a decision.
89
高祖武皇帝二天監六年（ 丁亥，公元五零七年）
Emperor Wu of Liang, sixth year of Tianjian ( dinghai, AD 507)
90
春，正月，公孫崇請委衛軍將軍、尚書右僕射高肇監其事； 魏主知肇不學，詔太常卿劉芳佐之。
In spring, the first month, Gongsun Chong asked that Gao Zhao, General of the Guard and Right Vice Director of the Secretariat, supervise the matter; the Wei emperor knew Zhao was unlearned and ordered Liu Fang, Director of the Court for Imperial Sacrifices, to assist him.
91
魏中山王英與平東將軍楊大眼等眾數十萬攻鐘離。 鐘離城北阻淮水，魏人於邵陽洲兩岸為橋，樹柵數百步，跨淮通道。 英據南岸攻城，大眼據北岸立城，以通糧運。 城中眾才三千人，昌義之督帥將士，隨方抗禦。 魏人以車載土填塹，使其眾負土隨之，嚴騎蹙其後。 人有未及回者，因以土迮之。 俄而塹滿，沖車所撞，城土輒頹，義之用泥補之，沖車雖入而不能壞。 魏人晝夜苦攻，分番相代，墜而復升，莫有退者。 一日戰數十合，前後殺傷萬計，魏人死者與城平。
The Prince of Zhongshan, Ying, of Wei and Yang Dayan, General Who Pacifies the East, and others with several hundred thousand men attacked Zhongli. Zhongli city's north was blocked by the Huai; the Wei troops built bridges on both banks of Shaoyang Isle, set palisades for several hundred paces, and spanned the Huai for passage. Ying held the south bank to attack the city; Dayan held the north bank and built a fort to secure grain transport. The garrison numbered only three thousand; Chang Yizhi directed his officers and soldiers, resisting on every side. The Wei troops used carts to carry earth to fill the moat, made their men carry earth and follow, and strict cavalry pressed from the rear. Those who had not yet turned back were buried alive under the earth. Soon the moat was full; where battering rams struck, the wall repeatedly collapsed; Yizhi patched it with mud; though the rams entered they could not breach it. The Wei troops attacked bitterly day and night, taking turns in relays; falling they climbed again—none retreated. In one day they fought dozens of engagements; killed and wounded numbered in the tens of thousands; Wei dead piled level with the wall.
92
二月，魏主召英使還，英表稱：「臣志殄逋寇，而月初已來，霖雨不止，若三月晴霽，城必可克，願少賜寬假。」 魏主復賜詔曰：「彼土蒸濕，無宜久淹。 勢雖必取，乃將軍之深計，兵久力殆，亦朝廷之所憂也。」 英猶表稱必克，魏主遣步兵校尉范紹詣英議攻取形勢。 紹見鐘離城堅，勸英引還，英不從。
In the second month the Wei emperor summoned Ying to return; Ying memorialized: "My will is to exterminate the fleeing enemy, but since the month's beginning unceasing rain has fallen; if skies clear in the third month, the city can surely be taken—I beg a little more time." The Wei emperor again granted an edict: "That land is steamy and damp—not fitting to linger long. Though victory is surely attainable, that is the general's deep plan; troops long deployed, strength exhausted—that is also what the court worries over." Ying still memorialized that he would surely take it; the Wei emperor dispatched Fan Shao, Commandant of Footsoldiers, to Ying to discuss the situation for attack and capture. Shao saw Zhongli city was strong and urged Ying to withdraw; Ying refused.
93
上命豫州刺史韋睿將兵救鐘離，受曹景宗節度。 睿自合肥取直道，由陰陵大澤行，值澗谷，輒飛橋以濟師。 人畏魏兵盛，多勸睿緩行。 睿曰：「鐘離今鑿穴而處，負戶而汲，車馳卒奔，猶恐其後，而況緩乎！ 魏人已墮吾腹中，卿曹勿憂也。」 旬日至邵陽。 上豫敕曹景宗曰：「韋睿，卿之鄉望，宜善敬之！」 景宗見睿，禮甚謹。 上聞之，曰：「二將和，師必濟矣。」
The emperor ordered Wei Rui, Inspector of Yuzhou, to lead troops to rescue Zhongli, under Cao Jingzong's command. Rui from Hefei took the direct route, traveling through the great marsh of Yinling; when he met streams and valleys he forthwith threw bridges across to get the army through. People feared the Wei army was strong and many urged Rui to march slowly. Rui said: "Zhongli now dwells in dug caves, draws water bearing their doors on their backs; chariots gallop and soldiers run—we still fear being too late—how much more to go slowly! The Wei men are already in our grasp—you all need not worry." In ten days he reached Shaoyang. The emperor beforehand ordered Cao Jingzong: "Wei Rui is a man of honor from your homeland—you should treat him with respect!" When Jingzong met Rui, his courtesy was most deferential. The emperor heard of it and said: "The two generals are in harmony—the army will surely succeed."
94
景宗與睿進頓邵陽洲，睿於景宗營前二十里夜掘長塹，樹鹿角，截洲為城，去魏城百餘步。 南梁太守馮道根，能走馬步地，計馬足以賦功，比曉而營立。 魏中山王英大驚，以杖擊地曰：「是何神也！」 景宗等器甲精新，軍容甚盛，魏人望之奪氣。 景宗慮城中危懼，募軍士言文達等潛行水底，繼敕入城，城中始知有外援，勇氣百倍。
Jingzong and Rui advanced and halted at Shaoyang Isle; Rui at night twenty li before Jingzong's camp dug a long moat, set antlers, cut off the isle as a fort, a hundred and some paces from the Wei camp. Feng Daogen, Administrator of Nanliang, could pace the ground on horseback, calculate the work by horse paces, and by dawn the camp was established. The Prince of Zhongshan, Ying, of Wei was greatly alarmed and struck the ground with his staff, saying: "What sorcery is this!" Jingzong and the others had refined new weapons and armor and a magnificent army; the Wei troops, seeing them, lost heart. Jingzong feared panic in the city; he recruited soldiers Yan Wenda and others to travel secretly underwater with orders into the city; the garrison first learned there was external aid and their courage increased a hundredfold.
95
楊大眼勇冠軍中，將萬餘騎來戰，所向皆靡。 睿結車為陳，大眼聚騎圍之，睿以強弩二千一時俱發，洞甲穿中，殺傷甚眾。 矢貫大眼右臂，大眼退走。 明旦，英自帥眾來戰，睿乘素木輿，執白角如意以麾軍。 一日數合，英乃退。 魏師復夜來攻城，飛矢雨集。 睿子黯請下城以避箭，睿不許。 軍中驚，睿於城上厲聲呵之，乃定。 牧人過淮北伐芻稿者，皆為楊大眼所略，曹景宗募勇敢士千餘人，於大眼城南數里築壘，大眼來攻，景宗擊卻之。 壘成，使別將趙草守之，有抄掠者，皆為草所獲，是後始得縱芻牧。
Yang Dayan's courage topped the army; he led more than ten thousand horsemen to battle; wherever he went all were swept away. Rui arrayed chariots in formation; Dayan gathered cavalry and surrounded them; Rui with two thousand strong crossbows fired all at once, piercing armor; killed and wounded were very numerous. An arrow pierced Dayan's right arm; Dayan withdrew and fled. At dawn the next day Ying himself led his troops to battle; Rui rode in a plain wooden litter, holding a white-horn ruyi scepter to command the army. They fought several engagements in one day; Ying then withdrew. The Wei army again came by night to attack the city; arrows fell like rain. Rui's son An asked to leave the wall to avoid the arrows; Rui refused. The army panicked; Rui on the wall shouted sternly at them, and order was restored. Herdsmen who crossed the Huai north to cut fodder were all plundered by Yang Dayan; Cao Jingzong recruited more than a thousand brave men and built ramparts several li south of Dayan's camp; Dayan attacked and Jingzong drove him back. When the ramparts were complete, he had Separate Commander Zhao Cao defend them; any raiders were captured by Cao; thereafter they could at last let their herds graze freely.
96
上命景宗等豫裝高艦，使與魏橋等，為火攻之計。 令景宗與睿各攻一橋：睿攻其南，景宗攻其北。 三月，淮水瀑漲六七尺。 睿使馮道根與廬江太守裴邃、秦郡太守李文釗等乘鬥艦競發，擊魏洲上軍盡殪。 別以小船載草，灌之以膏，從而焚其橋。 風怒火盛，煙塵晦冥，敢死之士，拔柵斫橋，水又漂疾，倏忽之間，橋柵俱盡。 道根等皆身自搏戰，軍人奮勇，呼聲動天地，無不一當百，魏軍大潰。 英見橋絕，脫身棄城走，大眼亦燒營去，諸壘相次土崩，悉棄其器甲爭投水，死者十餘萬，斬首亦如之。 睿遣報昌義之，義之悲喜，不暇答語，但叫曰：「更生！ 更生！」 諸軍逐北至濊水上，英單騎入梁城，緣淮百餘里，屍相枕藉，生擒五萬人，收其資糧、器械山積，牛馬驢騾不可勝計。
The emperor ordered Jingzong and others to prepare tall ships in advance, matching Wei's bridges in height, for a fire attack. He ordered Jingzong and Rui each to attack one bridge: Rui the south, Jingzong the north. In the third month the Huai suddenly rose six or seven feet. Rui had Feng Daogen with Pei Sui, Administrator of Lujiang, Li Wenzhao, Administrator of Qin commandery, and others ride tower ships in a racing advance; the Wei army on the isle was annihilated. Small boats carried grass, poured fat over it, and then set fire to the bridges. Wind and flame raged; smoke blotted out the sky; death-daring warriors pulled palisades and hewed bridges; the current ran swift; in an instant bridges and palisades were all gone. Daogen and others all fought in person; the soldiers fought with fury; their cries shook heaven and earth; each man fought as a hundred; the Wei army was routed. Ying saw the bridges cut and fled, abandoning the city; Dayan also burned his camp and left; the fortifications collapsed one after another; all cast off weapons and armor and threw themselves into the water; the dead numbered more than a hundred thousand; heads cut off were likewise countless. Rui sent word to Chang Yizhi; Yizhi was overcome with joy and grief, with no leisure to reply, only crying: "Reborn! Reborn!" The armies pursued north to the Wei River; Ying fled alone on horseback into Liangcheng; along the Huai for more than a hundred li corpses lay piled upon corpses; fifty thousand were captured alive; stores, grain, and weapons were gathered in mountain heaps; cattle, horses, donkeys, and mules were beyond counting.
97
義之德景宗及睿，請二人共會，設錢二十萬，官賭之。 景宗擲得雉； 睿徐擲得盧，遽取一子反之，曰：「異事！」 遂作塞。 景宗與群帥爭先告捷，睿獨居後，世尤以此賢之。 詔增景宗、睿爵邑，義之等受賞各有差。
Yizhi was grateful to Jingzong and Rui and invited the two to meet; he set out two hundred thousand cash for an official gambling match. Jingzong threw and got the pheasant; Rui slowly threw and got the deer, then swiftly took one piece and reversed it, saying: "A strange thing!" He then made a blocking move. Jingzong and the other commanders vied to be first in reporting victory; Rui alone remained behind; posterity especially esteemed him for this. An edict increased Jingzong's and Rui's fiefs and estates; Yizhi and others received rewards according to rank.
98
夏，四月，己酉，以江州刺史王茂為尚書右僕射，安成王秀為江州刺史。 秀將發，主者求堅船以為齋舫，秀曰：「吾豈愛財而不愛士乎！」 乃以堅者給參佐，下者載齋物。 既而遭風，齋舫遂破。
In summer, the fourth month, on jiyou Wang Mao, Inspector of Jiangzhou, was appointed Right Vice Director of the Secretariat, and the Prince of Ancheng, Xiu, was appointed Inspector of Jiangzhou. When Xiu was about to depart, the steward sought sturdy boats for his vegetarian galley; Xiu said: "How could I love wealth and not love my men!" He then gave the sturdy boats to his staff and used the inferior ones to carry vegetarian supplies. Afterward they met a storm and the vegetarian galley was wrecked.
99
丁巳，以臨川王宏為驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司，建安王偉為揚州刺史，右光祿大夫沈約為尚書左僕射，左僕射王瑩為中軍將軍。
On dingsi the Prince of Linchuan, Hong, was made General of Agile Cavalry with an office equal to the Three Excellencies; the Prince of Jian'an, Wei, was appointed Inspector of Yangzhou; Shen Yue, Grandee of Splendid Happiness of the Right, was appointed Left Vice Director of the Secretariat; Wang Ying, Left Vice Director, was appointed General of the Central Army.
100
六月，丙午，馮翊等七郡叛，降魏。
In the sixth month, on bingwu seven commanderies including Fenyang rebelled and surrendered to Wei.
101
秋，七月，丁亥，以尚書右僕射王茂為中軍將軍。
In autumn, the seventh month, on dinghai Wang Mao, Right Vice Director of the Secretariat, was appointed General of the Central Army.
102
八月，戊子，大赦。
In the eighth month, on wuzi, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
103
魏有司奏：「中山王英經算失圖，齊王蕭寶寅等守橋不固，皆處以極法。」 己亥，詔英、寶寅免死，除名為民，楊大眼徙營州為兵。 以中護軍李崇為征南將軍、揚州刺史。 崇多事產業。 征南長史狄道辛琛屢諫不從，遂相糾舉。 詔並不問。 崇因置酒謂琛曰：「長史後必為刺史，但不知得上佐何如人耳。」 琛曰：「若萬一叨忝，得一方正長史，朝夕聞過，是所願也。」 崇有慚色。
Wei officials memorialized: "The Prince of Zhongshan, Ying, miscalculated and lost his plan; the Prince of Qi, Xiao Baoyin, and others failed to hold the bridges—all should be punished by death." On jihai an edict spared Ying and Baoyin from death, struck their names from the rolls and made them commoners, and banished Yang Dayan to Yingzhou as a soldier. Li Chong, General of the Central Guard, was appointed General Who Campaigns South and Inspector of Yangzhou. Chong was much engaged in estates and business ventures. Xin Chen of Didao, Chief Clerk of Campaign South, repeatedly remonstrated but was not heeded; he then impeached him. An edict took no action against either. Chong then set out wine and said to Chen: "Chief Clerk, you will surely become an inspector later, but I do not know what sort of man your senior assistant will be." Chen said: "If by chance I am favored with appointment, to get an upright chief clerk and hear of my faults morning and evening—that is my wish." Chong looked ashamed.
104
九月，己亥，魏以司空高陽王雍為太尉，尚書令廣陽王嘉為司空。 甲子，魏開斜谷舊道。
In the ninth month, on jihai Wei made the Prince of Gaoyang, Yong, Grand Minister, and Guangyang Wang Jia, Director of the Secretariat, Minister of Works. On jiazi Wei opened the old road of Xiegu.
105
冬，十月，壬寅，以五兵尚書徐勉為吏部尚書。 勉精力過人，雖文案填積，坐客充滿，應對如流，手不停筆。 又該綜百氏，皆為避諱。 嘗與門人夜集，客虞暠求詹事五官，勉正色曰：「今夕止可談風月，不可及公事。」 時人鹹服其無私。
In winter, the tenth month, on renyin Xu Mian, Director of the Secretariat for the Five Armies, was appointed Director of the Secretariat for Personnel. Mian's energy surpassed others; though documents piled up and guests filled the room, he responded effortlessly and his hand never stopped writing. He also mastered the hundred schools of thought, all for the sake of taboo avoidance. Once he gathered at night with his disciples; the guest Yu Gao sought an office in the Household Administration; Mian with stern countenance said: "This evening we may only discuss poetry and nature—we may not touch public business." People of the time all admired his integrity.
106
閏月，乙丑，以臨川王宏為司徒、行太子太傅，尚書左僕射沈約為尚書令、行太子少傅，吏部尚書昂昂為右僕射。
In the intercalary month, on yichou the Prince of Linchuan, Hong, was made Minister of Works and Acting Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent; Shen Yue, Left Vice Director of the Secretariat, was made Director of the Secretariat and Acting Junior Tutor of the Heir Apparent; Wang Ying, Director of the Secretariat for Personnel, was made Right Vice Director.
107
丁卯，魏皇后于氏殂。 是時高貴嬪有寵而妒，高肇勢傾中外，後暴疾而殂，人皆歸咎高氏。 宮禁事秘，莫能詳也。
On dingmao the Empress of Wei, née Yu, died. At this time the Noble Consort was favored yet jealous; Gao Zhao's power dominated court and realm; the empress died of sudden illness and people all blamed the Gao clan. Palace matters were secret; none could know the details.
108
甲申，以光祿大夫夏侯詳為尚書左僕射。
On jiashen Xiahou Xiang, Grandee of Splendid Happiness, was appointed Left Vice Director of the Secretariat.
109
乙酉，魏葬順皇后於永泰陵。
On yiyou Wei buried the Shun Empress at Yongtai Tomb.
110
十二月，丙辰，豐城景公夏侯詳卒。
In the twelfth month, on bingchen Xiahou Xiang, Duke of Fengcheng, died.
111
乙丑，魏淮陽鎮都軍主常邕和以城來降。」
On yichou Chang Yonghe, Army Commander of the Huaiyang garrison in Wei, surrendered the city.”