1
資治通鑑第189卷卷第一百八十九
Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government, Volume 189, Scroll 189.
2
【唐紀五】起重光大荒落三月，盡十二月，不滿一年。
Tang Records 5: From the third month of the year Chongguang Dahuangluo through the twelfth month—less than a full calendar year.
3
三月，庚申，以靺鞨渠帥突地稽為燕州總管。
In the third month, on the day gengshen, the Mohe chieftain Tumoji was made regional commander of Yanzhou.
4
太子建成獲稽胡千餘人，釋其酋帥數十人，授以官爵，使還，招其餘黨，劉屳成亦降。 建成詐稱增置州縣，築城邑，命降胡年二十以上皆集，以兵圍而殺之，死者六千餘人。 屳成覺變，亡奔梁師都。
Crown Prince Li Jiancheng took more than a thousand Ji-Hu captives. He freed several dozen of their chiefs, gave them offices and titles, and sent them back to rally the rest of the band; Liu Wancheng surrendered as well. Jiancheng pretended that new prefectures and counties would be created and walled towns built, and ordered every surrendered Hu aged twenty or older to gather. He then surrounded them with troops and slaughtered them; more than six thousand died. Wancheng sensed the trap and fled to Liang Shidu.
5
行軍總管劉世讓攻竇建德黃州，拔之。 洺州嚴備，世讓不得進。 會突厥將入寇，上召世讓還。
Campaign commander Liu Shirang attacked Huangzhou, held by Dou Jiande, and captured it. Mingzhou stood on full alert, and Shirang could not push forward. As the Turks were about to raid, the emperor recalled Shirang.
6
竇建德所署普樂令平恩程名振來降，上遙除名振永寧令，使將兵徇河北。 名振夜襲鄴，俘其男女千餘人。 去鄴八十里，閱婦人乳有湩者九十餘人，悉縱遣之。 鄴人感其仁，為之飯僧。
Cheng Mingzhen of Ping'en—whom Dou Jiande had made magistrate of Pule—surrendered. The emperor appointed him magistrate of Yongning at a distance and sent him to lead troops through Hebei. Mingzhen struck Ye by night and seized more than a thousand men and women. Eighty li from Ye, he found more than ninety women whose milk showed curdling—a sign they were still nursing infants—and set them all free. The people of Ye, touched by his mercy, offered meals to monks in his honor.
7
突厥頡利可汗承父兄之資，士馬雄盛，有憑陵中國之志。 妻隋義成公主，公主從弟善經，避亂在突厥，與王世充使者王文素共說頡利曰：「昔啟民為兄弟所逼，脫身奔隋。 賴文皇帝之力，有此土宇，子孫享之。 今唐天子非文皇帝子孫，可汗宜奉楊政道以伐之，以報文皇帝之德。」 頡利然之。 上以中國未寧，待突厥甚厚，而頡利求請無厭，言辭驕慢。 甲戌，突厥寇汾陰。
The Turkic qaghan Jieli had inherited his father and brothers' strength; his warriors and horses were formidable, and he meant to dominate China. He had married the Sui Princess Yicheng. Her cousin Shanjing, who had taken refuge with the Turks during the chaos, joined Wang Shichong's envoy Wang Wensu in urging Jieli: "Long ago Qimin was driven out by his brothers and fled to the Sui. With Emperor Wen's help he won this realm, and his descendants still hold it. Today's Tang emperor is no descendant of Emperor Wen. You should set up Yang Zhengdao and march against Tang—to repay Emperor Wen's kindness." Jieli was persuaded. With China still unsettled, the emperor treated the Turks with great generosity, yet Jieli's demands never ceased and his tone grew haughty. On the day jiaxu, the Turks raided Fenyin.
8
唐兵圍洛陽，掘塹築壘而守之。 城中乏食，絹一匹直粟三升，布一匹直鹽一升，服飾珍玩，賤如土芥。 民食草根木葉皆盡，相與澄取浮泥，投米屑作餅食之，皆病，身腫腳弱，死者相枕倚於道。 皇泰主之遷民入宮城也，凡三萬家，至是無三千家。 雖貴為公卿，糠核不充，尚書郎以下，親自負戴，往往餒死。 竇建德使其將范願守曹州，悉發孟海公、徐圓朗之眾，西救洛陽。 至滑州，王世充行臺僕射韓洪開門納之。 己卯，軍於酸棗。
Tang forces besieged Luoyang, digging trenches and building ramparts to hold the lines. Food inside the city ran out. A bolt of silk bought three sheng of grain; a bolt of cloth bought one sheng of salt. Finery and jewels were worthless as weeds. The people had eaten every root and leaf. They strained mud from ponds, mixed in rice bran to bake cakes, and ate them—all fell sick, swollen and weak; corpses lined the roads. When Emperor Huangtai had moved the populace into the palace quarter, there had been thirty thousand households; now fewer than three thousand remained. Even grand ministers could not fill their bellies with chaff. Secretariat gentlemen and lower ranks carried supplies on their own backs, and many starved. Dou Jiande left his general Fan Yuan to hold Caozhou, called up every soldier of Meng Haigong and Xu Yuanlang, and marched west to save Luoyang. At Huazhou, Wang Shichong's mobile headquarters vice director Han Hong opened the gates and let them in. On the day jimao, the army encamped at Suanzao.
9
壬午，突厥寇石州，刺史王集擊卻之。
On the day renwu, the Turks raided Shizhou; Prefect Wang Ji repulsed them.
10
竇建德陷管州，殺刺史郭士安； 又陷滎陽、陽翟等縣，水陸並進，泛舟運糧，溯河西上。 王世充之弟徐州行臺世辯遣其將郭士衡，將兵數千會之，合十餘萬，號三十萬，軍於成皋之東原，築宮板渚，遣使與王世充相聞。
Dou Jiande captured Guanzhou and killed Prefect Guo Shi'an; He also seized Xingyang, Yangdi, and other counties, advancing by land and water, shipping grain by boat up the Yellow River. Wang Shichong's brother Shibian, head of the Xuzhou mobile headquarters, sent General Guo Shiheng with several thousand men to join him. Their combined host exceeded a hundred thousand; they claimed three hundred thousand, camped on the eastern plain of Chenggao, built a palace at Banzhu, and exchanged messages with Wang Shichong.
11
先是，建德遺秦王世民書，請退軍潼關，返鄭侵地，復修前好。 世民集將佐議之，皆請避其鋒，郭孝恪曰：「世充窮蹙，垂將面縛，建德遠來助之，此天意欲兩亡之也。 宜據武牢之險以拒之，伺間而動，破之必矣。」 記室薛收曰：「世充保據東都，府庫充實，所將之兵，皆江、淮精銳，即日之患，但乏糧食耳。 以是之故，為我所持，求戰不得，守則難久。 建德親帥大眾，遠來赴援，亦當極其精銳，致死於我。 若縱之至此，兩寇合從，轉河北之粟以饋洛陽，則戰爭方始，偃兵無日，混一之期，殊未有涯也。 今宜分兵守洛陽，深溝高壘，世充出兵，慎勿與戰，大王親帥驍銳，先據成皋，厲兵訓士，以待其至，以逸待勞，決可克也。 建德既破，世充自下，不過二旬，兩主就縛矣。」 世民善之。 收，道衡之子也。 蕭瑀、屈突通、封德彝皆曰：「吾兵疲老，世充憑守堅城，未易猝拔，建德席勝而來，鋒銳氣盛； 吾腹背受敵，非完策也，不若退保新安，以承其弊。」 世民曰：「世充兵摧食盡，上下離心，不煩力攻，可以坐克。 建德新破海公，將驕卒惰，吾據武牢，扼其咽喉。 彼若冒險爭鋒，吾取之甚易。 若狐疑不戰，旬月之間，世充自潰。 城破兵強，氣勢自倍，一舉兩克，在此行矣。 若不速進，賊入武牢，諸城新附，必不能守； 兩賊並力，其勢必強，何弊之承？ 吾計決矣！」 通等又請解圍據險以觀其變，世民不許。 中分麾下，使通等副齊王元吉圍守東都，世民將驍勇三千五百人東趣武牢。 時正晝出兵，歷北邙，抵河陽，趨鞏而去。 王世充登城望見，莫之測也，竟不敢出。 癸未，世民入武牢； 甲申，將驍騎五百，出武牢東二十餘里，覘建德之營。 緣道分留從騎，使李世勣、程知節、秦叔寶分將之，伏於道旁，才餘四騎，與之偕進。 世民謂尉遲敬德曰：「吾執弓矢，公執槊相隨，雖百萬眾若我何！」 又曰：「賊見我而還，上策也。」 去建德營三里所，建德遊兵遇之，以為斥候也。 世民大呼曰：「我秦王也。」 引弓射之，斃其一將。 建德軍中大驚，出五六千騎逐之； 從者咸失色，世民曰：「汝弟前行，吾自與敬德為殿。」 於是按轡徐行，追騎將至，則引弓射之，輒斃一人。 追者懼而止，止而復來，如是再三，每來必有斃者，世民前後射殺數人，敬德殺十許人，追者不敢復逼。 世民逡巡稍卻以誘之，入於伏內，世勣等奮擊，大破之，斬首三百餘級，獲其驍將殷秋、石瓚以歸。 乃為書報建德，諭以「趙魏之地，久為我有，為足下所侵奪。 但以淮安見禮，公主得歸，故相與坦懷釋怨。 世充頃與足下修好，已嘗反覆，今亡在朝夕，更飾辭相誘，足下乃以三軍之眾，仰哺他人，千金之資，坐供外費，良非上策。 今前茅相遇，彼遽崩摧，郊勞未通，能無懷愧！ 故抑止鋒銳，冀聞擇善； 若不獲命，恐雖悔難追。」
Earlier, Jiande had written to the Prince of Qin, Li Shimin, asking him to pull back to Tong Pass, return Zheng's seized lands, and renew their old friendship. Shimin called his officers to council; all urged giving way before the enemy's momentum. Guo Xiaoke said: "Shichong is cornered and about to surrender in bonds; Jiande has marched far to rescue him. Heaven means to destroy them both. Hold the passes at Wulao, strike when the moment comes, and he will surely be broken." Secretary Xue Shou said: "Shichong holds the Eastern Capital with full storehouses and Yangzi-Huai elite troops. His only trouble now is hunger. That is why we have him pinned—he cannot force a battle, and he cannot endure a siege. Jiande is coming in person with a great army from afar; he too will bring his best and fight to the death. If we let him arrive, the two enemies will unite and pipe Hebei's grain into Luoyang. War will only have begun; peace will be distant; unification will be nowhere in sight. Split your forces to hold Luoyang behind deep trenches and high walls; if Shichong sallies, do not engage. Your Highness should lead the elite to Chenggao first, drill your men, and wait for Jiande—fresh against weary, you will surely win. Break Jiande, and Shichong will collapse on his own. Within twenty days both rulers will be in bonds." Shimin approved the plan. Shou was a son of Xue Daoheng. Xiao Yu, Qu Tu Tong, and Feng Deyi all argued: "Our men are worn and old. Shichong holds a strong city and cannot be stormed quickly. Jiande comes fresh from victory, keen and bold; we would be caught between two foes. That is no safe plan. Better fall back on Xin'an and wait for them to wear themselves out." Shimin said: "Shichong's army is shattered and his granaries empty; his court and camp are divided. We need not fight hard—we can take him without stirring. Jiande has just beaten Haigong; his officers are proud and his men lax. We hold Wulao and grip his throat. If they dare to fight, we will beat them with ease. If they hesitate and hold back, Shichong will fall apart within a month. When the city falls our strength will double. Two victories in one campaign—that is what this march will bring. If we delay and the enemy seizes Wulao, every city that has just submitted will be lost; united, the two foes will only grow stronger. What exhaustion will we inherit then? My mind is made up!" Tong and the others again urged lifting the siege and holding the passes to see how events unfolded. Shimin refused. He split his army: Tong and the rest would assist Prince of Qi Li Yuanji in besieging the Eastern Capital, while Shimin led thirty-five hundred elite troops east to Wulao. He marched out in broad daylight, crossed the Northern Mang hills, reached Heyang, and pressed on toward Gong. Wang Shichong watched from the walls, unable to guess his intent, and never dared to sally. On the day guiwei, Shimin entered Wulao; on jiashen he took five hundred crack horsemen more than twenty li east of Wulao to scout Jiande's camp. Along the road he posted escorts in ambush under Li Shiji, Cheng Zhijie, and Qin Shubao, then rode on with only four companions. Shimin told Yuchi Jingde: "I will take the bow; you take the spear. Even a million men cannot touch us!" He added: "Best if they see us and turn back." Three li from Jiande's camp, patrols met them and took them for scouts. Shimin shouted: "I am the Prince of Qin." He loosed an arrow and killed one of their officers. Jiande's camp was thrown into alarm; five or six thousand horsemen galloped after them; his companions paled. Shimin said: "You go on ahead; Jingde and I will cover the rear." He slowed his horse. Whenever pursuers drew near, he shot—and each arrow dropped a man. The pursuers halted in fear, then came on again—again and again. Each charge cost them lives. Shimin killed several with his bow; Jingde killed about ten. At last they dared not close in. Shimin feigned retreat and drew them into the ambush. Li Shiji and the others charged and routed them, taking more than three hundred heads and capturing the fierce generals Yin Qiu and Shi Zan. He then wrote to Jiande: "The lands of Zhao and Wei have long been ours, yet you seized them. Because Huai'an was honored and the princess sent home, we laid our grievances aside. Shichong made peace with you not long ago and has already betrayed you. He is doomed within days, yet he still flatters you into war. You feed your whole army at another man's table and spend your treasure on a stranger—that is no wise course. Our vanguards have already met, and his front ranks have crumbled. You have not even been welcomed in the suburbs—should you not feel ashamed! I have held back my army, hoping you will choose wisely; if you refuse, regret may come too late to undo."
12
立秦王世民之子泰為衛王。
Li Shimin's son Li Tai was made Prince of Wei.
13
夏，四月，己丑，豐州總管張長遜入朝。 時言事者多雲，長遜久居豐州，為突厥所厚，非國家之利。 長遜聞之，請入朝，上許之。 會太子建成北伐稽胡，長遜帥所部會之，因入朝，拜右武候將軍。 益州行臺左僕射竇軌帥巴、蜀兵來會秦王擊王世充，以長遜檢校益州行臺右僕射。
In summer, the fourth month, on the day jichou, Fengzhou regional commander Zhang Changsun came to court. Many at court said Changsun's long tenure at Fengzhou had won him favor with the Turks, to the state's harm. Hearing this, Changsun asked to come to court, and the emperor agreed. Crown Prince Li Jiancheng was campaigning north against the Ji-Hu; Changsun brought his troops to join him, then came to court and was made General of the Right Martial Guard. Dou Gui, left vice director of the Yizhou mobile headquarters, was leading Ba and Shu troops to join the Prince of Qin against Wang Shichong; Changsun was appointed acting right vice director of the same headquarters.
14
己亥，突厥頡利可汗寇雁門，李大恩擊走之。
On the day jihai, the Turkic qaghan Jieli raided Yanmen; Li Da'en repulsed him.
15
壬寅，王世充騎將楊公卿、單雄信引兵出戰，齊王元吉擊之，不利，行軍總管盧君諤戰死。
On the day renyin, Wang Shichong's cavalry generals Yang Gongqing and Shan Xiongxin sallied. Prince of Qi Li Yuanji attacked but fared badly; campaign commander Lu Jun'e was killed in action.
16
太子還長安。
The crown prince returned to Chang'an.
17
王世充平州刺史周仲隱以城來降。
Zhou Zhongyin, Wang Shichong's prefect of Pingzhou, surrendered his city.
18
戊申，突厥寇并州。 初，處羅可汗與劉武周相表裡，寇并州； 上遣太常卿鄭元□往諭以禍福，處羅不從。 未幾，處羅遇疾卒，國人疑元□毒之，留不遣。 上又遣漢陽公瓖賂頡利可汗以金帛，頡利慾令瑰拜，瑰不從，亦留之。 又留左驍衛大將軍長孫順德。 上怒，亦留其使者。 瑰，孝恭之弟也。
On the day wushen, the Turks raided Bingzhou. Earlier, Qaghan Chuluo had joined Liu Wuzhou in raiding Bingzhou; the emperor sent Director of Imperial Sacrifices Zheng Yuankui to warn him of the consequences, but Chuluo refused to listen. Soon Chuluo fell ill and died. His people suspected Yuankui of poisoning him and held him captive. The emperor again sent Duke of Hanyang Li Gui with gold and silks to bribe Qaghan Jieli. Jieli demanded that Gui bow to him; Gui refused and was detained as well. They also detained Left Martial Guard General Zhangsun Shunde. The emperor, angered, detained their envoys in turn. Gui was a younger brother of Li Xiaogong.
19
甲寅，封皇子元方為周王，元禮為鄭王，元嘉為宋王，元則為荊王，元茂為越王。
On the day jiayin, Prince Yuanfang was made Prince of Zhou, Yuanli Prince of Zheng, Yuanjia Prince of Song, Yuanze Prince of Jing, and Yuanmao Prince of Yue.
20
竇建德迫於武牢不得進，留屯累月，戰數不利，將士思歸。 丁巳，秦王世民遣王君廓將輕騎千餘抄其糧運，又破之，獲其大將軍張青特。 凌敬言於建德曰：「大王悉兵濟河，攻取懷州、河陽，使重將守之，更鳴鼓建旗，逾太行，入上黨，徇汾、晉，趣蒲津，如此有三利：一則蹈無人之境，取勝可以萬全； 二則拓地收眾，形勢益強； 三則關中震駭，鄭圍自解。 為今之策，無以易此。」 建德將從之，而王世充遣使告急相繼於道，王琬、長孫安世朝夕涕泣，請救洛陽，又陰以金玉啖建德諸將，以撓其謀。 諸將皆曰：「凌敬書生，安知戰事，其言豈可用也！」 建德乃謝敬曰：「今眾心甚銳，天讚我也，因之決戰，必將大捷，不得從公言。」 敬固爭之，建德怒，令扶出。 其妻曹氏謂建德曰：「祭酒之言不可違也。 今大王自滏口乘唐國之虛，連營漸進，以取山北，又因突厥西抄關中，唐必還師自救，鄭圍何憂不解！ 若頓兵於此，老師費財，欲求成功，在於何日？」 建德曰：「此非女子所知！ 吾來救鄭，鄭今倒懸，亡在朝夕，吾乃捨之而去，是畏敵而棄信也，不可。」
Blocked at Wulao, Dou Jiande could not advance. He camped there for months, lost several fights, and his men yearned for home. On the day dingsi, the Prince of Qin sent Wang Junkuo with more than a thousand light cavalry to raid Jiande's grain trains. He routed them again and captured the great general Zhang Qingte. Ling Jing urged Jiande: "My lord, take your whole army across the river, seize Huaizhou and Heyang, and leave trusted generals to hold them. Then beat the drums, raise your banners, cross the Taihang, enter Shangdang, sweep Fen and Jin, and strike for Pujin. That course offers three gains: first, you march through empty country and can win without risk; second, you widen your lands and swell your ranks, and your power grows; Third, it would terrify Guanzhong, and the siege of Luoyang would lift of its own accord. For the present situation, there is no better course than this." Jiande was on the point of accepting this counsel, but Wang Shichong's messengers came one after another with cries for help; Wang Wan and Zhangsun Anshi wept day and night, begging him to save Luoyang, while secretly bribing Jiande's generals with gold and jade to thwart his strategy. The generals all said, "Ling Jing is a bookish man—what does he know of battle? His advice is worthless!" Jiande then declined Ling Jing's advice: "Our troops' spirits are high and Heaven favors us. If we fight a decisive battle now, victory is certain. I cannot take your counsel." Jing argued all the more fiercely; Jiande flew into a rage and had him removed. His wife Lady Cao said to him, "You must not disregard the Intendant's counsel. If you now march from Fankou while the Tang is overextended, advance in successive camps to seize the lands north of the mountains, and have the Turks strike Guanzhong from the west, the Tang will surely recall their armies to defend themselves—and the siege of Luoyang will lift without a fight! If you halt the army here, your soldiers will weary and your treasury drain—when do you expect to succeed?" Jiande replied, "This is beyond a woman's understanding! I came to rescue Zheng; Zheng now hangs by a thread and will perish within days. To abandon them and withdraw would be to show fear of the enemy and betray my promise—that I cannot do."
21
諜者告曰：「建德伺唐軍芻盡，牧馬於河北，將襲武牢。」 五月，戊午，秦王世民北濟河，南臨廣武，察敵形勢，因留馬千餘匹，牧於河渚以誘之，夕還武牢。 己未，建德果悉眾而至，自板渚出牛口置陳，北距大河，西薄汜水，南屬鵲山，亙二十里，鼓行而進。 諸將皆懼，世民將數騎升高丘以望之，謂諸將曰：「賊起山東，未嘗見大敵，今度險而囂，是無紀律，逼城而陳，有輕我心； 我按甲不出，彼勇氣自衰，陳久卒饑，勢將自退，追而擊之，無不克者。 與公等約，甫過日中，必破之矣！」 建德意輕唐軍，遣三百騎涉汜水，距唐營一里所止。 遣使與世民相聞曰：「請選銳士數百與之劇。」 世民遣王君廓將長槊二百以應之，相與交戰，乍進乍退，兩無勝負，各引還。 王琬乘隋煬帝□馬，鎧仗甚鮮，迥出陳前以誇眾。 世民曰：「彼所乘真良馬也！」 尉遲敬德請往取之，世民止之曰：「豈可以一馬喪猛士？」 敬德不從，與高甑生、梁建方三騎直入其陳，擒琬，引其馬以歸，眾無敢當者。 世民使召河北馬，待其至，乃出戰。
Spies reported, "Jiande, waiting until the Tang ran out of fodder, is grazing horses north of the river and plans to attack Wulao." In the fifth month, on the day wuwu, the Prince of Qin Shimin crossed the Yellow River to the north, then moved south to Guangwu to reconnoiter the enemy. He left over a thousand horses grazing on the river flats as bait, then returned to Wulao at dusk. On jiwei, Jiande arrived in full force, deploying his line from Banshu through Niukou—with the great river to the north, Sishui to the west, and Que Mountain to the south—stretching twenty li, they advanced to the beat of drums. The generals were all afraid. Shimin rode with a few men to a high hill to watch them and told his officers, "These rebels rose in the east and have never met a real foe. They shout as they come through difficult terrain—undisciplined. Drawing up lines so close to our walls shows they underestimate us. If we hold our position and refuse battle, their zeal will fade; kept long in formation, their men will hunger and the army will begin to withdraw. Then we pursue and strike—none will stand against us. I promise you—shortly after noon, we will crush them!" Jiande underestimated the Tang force. He sent three hundred horsemen across the Sishui and halted about a li from the Tang camp. He sent a messenger to Shimin: "Choose several hundred of your best men and let us fight it out." Shimin sent Wang Junkuo with two hundred long-spearmen to meet them. They traded blows, advancing and falling back by turns, with neither side gaining the upper hand, then each withdrew. Wang Wan rode Emperor Yang's □ horse, his armor and arms gleaming bright; he rode far ahead of the lines to dazzle the army. Shimin said, "That is a fine horse he rides!" Yuchi Jingde asked leave to capture it, but Shimin restrained him: "Would you risk a great warrior's life for a horse?" Jingde paid no heed. With Gao Zengsheng and Liang Jianfang, the three horsemen charged straight into the enemy line, seized Wan, and rode off with his horse—no one dared oppose them. Shimin sent for the horses grazing north of the river and waited until they arrived before committing to battle.
22
建德列陳，自辰至午，士卒饑倦，皆坐列，又爭飲水，逡巡欲退。 世民命宇文士及將三百騎經建德陳西，馳而南上，戒之曰：「賊若不動，爾宜引歸，動則引兵東出。」 士及至陳前，陳果動，世民曰：「可擊矣！」 時河渚馬亦至，乃命出戰。 世民帥輕騎先進，大軍繼之，東涉汜水，直薄其陳。 建德群臣方朝謁，唐騎猝來，朝臣趨就建德，建德召騎兵使拒唐兵，騎兵阻朝臣不得過，建德揮朝臣令卻，進退之間，唐兵已至，建德窘迫，退依東陂。 竇抗引兵擊之，戰小不利。 世民帥騎赴之，所向皆靡。 淮陽王道玄挺身陷陳，直出其後，復突陳而歸，再入再出，飛矢集其身如□胃毛，勇氣不衰，射人，皆應弦而僕。 世民給以副馬，使從己。 於是諸軍大戰，塵埃漲天。 世民帥史大柰、程知節、秦叔寶、宇文歆等卷旆而入，出其陳後，張唐旗幟，建德將士顧見之，大潰； 追奔三十里，斬首三千餘級。 建德中槊，竄匿於牛口渚。 車騎將軍白士讓、楊武威逐之，建德墜馬，士讓援槊欲刺之，建德曰：「勿殺我，我夏王也，能富貴汝。」 武威下擒之，載以從馬，來見世民。 世民讓之曰：「我自討王世充，何預汝事，而來越境，犯我兵鋒！」 建德曰：「今不自來，恐煩遠取。」 建德將士皆潰去，所俘獲五萬人，世民即日散遣之，使還鄉里。
Jiande held his men in formation from morning until noon. Hungry and exhausted, the soldiers sat down in their ranks, then fought over water; soon they began to waver and wanted to pull back. Shimin ordered Yuwen Shiji to take three hundred horsemen west of Jiande's line and ride south up the slope, telling him, "If the enemy holds steady, withdraw—but if they stir, swing your men eastward." When Shiji reached the enemy front, the line did stir. Shimin cried, "Now we can strike!" By then the horses from the river flats had also arrived, and he gave the order to attack. Shimin led the light cavalry forward with the main army close behind, crossed the Sishui to the east, and drove straight into the enemy line. Jiande's ministers were still at morning audience when Tang horsemen suddenly appeared. The officials rushed to Jiande's side; he called for cavalry to block the Tang attack, but the horsemen jammed the officials' path. Jiande waved the courtiers back—in that moment of confusion the Tang were upon them. Hard pressed, Jiande fell back toward the eastern slope. Dou Kang led a counterattack, but met a temporary setback. Shimin rode to their rescue; wherever he turned, the enemy broke before him. Prince Huaiyang Li Daixuan plunged into the enemy lines, cut through to their rear, then burst back through—again and again he rode in and out. Arrows bristled on his body like □ hair on a cuirass, yet his valor never faltered; every man he shot fell at the twang of his bow. Shimin gave him a remount and kept him at his side. Then the armies clashed in full fury, and dust blotted out the sky. Shimin led Shi Dana, Cheng Zhijie, Qin Shubao, Yuwen Xin, and others in a sweeping charge through the enemy rear, then raised the Tang banners. When Jiande's soldiers looked back and saw them, they broke and fled in panic. They pursued the fleeing army for thirty li and took more than three thousand heads. Jiande was wounded by a spear and fled to hide at Niukou shoal. The cavalry generals Bai Shirang and Yang Wuwei pursued him. Jiande fell from his horse; Shirang leveled his spear to run him through, but Jiande cried, "Spare me—I am the King of Xia! I can make you rich and noble." Wuwei dismounted and seized him, put him on a spare horse, and brought him before Shimin. Shimin rebuked him: "I came to subdue Wang Shichong—what business was it of yours to cross my borders and clash with my army?" Jiande replied, "If I had not come myself, I feared it would trouble you to fetch me from so far away." Jiande's army melted away. Of the fifty thousand taken prisoner, Shimin released them all that same day to return home.
23
封德彝入賀，世民笑曰：「不用公言，得有今日。 智者千慮，不免一失乎！」 德彝甚慚。
Feng Deyi came to offer congratulations. Shimin smiled and said, "By ignoring your advice, I have won this day. Even the wisest man, pondering a thousand times, cannot avoid one mistake!" Deyi was deeply ashamed.
24
建德妻曹氏與左僕射齊善行將數百騎遁歸洺州。
Jiande's wife Lady Cao and Left Vice Director Qi Shanxing fled with several hundred horsemen back to Mingzhou.
25
甲子，世充偃師、鞏縣皆降。
On jiazi, Yanshi and Gong counties, held by Wang Shichong, both surrendered.
26
乙丑，以太子左庶子鄭善果為山東道撫慰大使。
On the day yichou, Zheng Shanguo, Left Associate of the Heir Apparent, was made Pacification Commissioner for the Shandong region.
27
世充將王德仁棄故洛陽城而遁，亞將趙季卿以城降。 秦王世民囚竇建德、王琬、長孫安世、郭士衡等至洛陽城下，以示世充。 世充與建德語而泣，仍遣安世等入城言敗狀。 世充召諸將議突圍，南走襄陽，諸將皆曰：「吾所恃者夏王，夏王今已為擒，雖得出，終必無成。」 丙寅，世充素服帥其太子、郡臣、二千餘人詣軍門降。 世民禮接之，世充俯伏流汗。 世民曰：「卿常以童子見處，今見童子，何恭之甚邪？」 世充頓首謝罪。 於是部分諸軍，先入洛陽，分守市肆，禁止侵掠，無敢犯者。
Wang Deren, a general under Wang Shichong, abandoned Old Luoyang and fled; Deputy General Zhao Jiqing surrendered the city. The Prince of Qin, Li Shimin, marched his prisoners—Dou Jiande, Wang Wan, Changsun Anshi, Guo Shiheng, and others—to the walls of Luoyang and displayed them to Wang Shichong. Wang Shichong spoke with Dou Jiande and wept. Then he sent Anshi and the others back into the city to tell of their defeat. Wang Shichong called his generals together to discuss breaking out and fleeing south to Xiangyang. They all said, "What we counted on was the King of Xia. He is captured now. Even if we break out, we can never succeed in the end." On the day bingyin, Wang Shichong came to the army gate in mourning dress, leading his crown prince, his officials, and more than two thousand men to surrender. Li Shimin received him with courtesy. Wang Shichong prostrated himself, drenched in sweat. Li Shimin said, "You always treated me as a mere boy. Now you see the boy—why bow so low?" Wang Shichong kowtowed in apology. Li Shimin then deployed his forces, entered Luoyang first, posted guards at the markets, and forbade looting. No one dared violate the order.
28
丁卯，世民入宮城，命記室房玄齡先入中書、門下省收隋圖籍制詔，已為世充所毀，無所獲。 命蕭瑀、竇軌等封府庫，收其金帛，班賜將士。 收世充之黨罪尤大者段達、王隆、崔洪丹、薛德音、楊汪、孟孝義、單雄信、楊公卿、郭什柱、郭士衡、董睿、張童兒、王德仁、朱粲、郭善才等十餘人斬於洛水之上。
On the day dingmao, Li Shimin entered the palace city and ordered his recorder Fang Xuanling to go first to the Secretariat and Chancellery to recover the Sui archives and edicts. Wang Shichong had already destroyed them; nothing was found. He ordered Xiao Yu, Dou Gui, and others to seal the treasuries, gather the gold and silk, and distribute them among the troops. More than a dozen of Wang Shichong's followers whose crimes were gravest—among them Duan Da, Wang Long, Cui Hongdan, Xue Deyin, Yang Wang, Meng Xiaoyi, Shan Xiongxin, Yang Gongqing, Guo Shizhu, Guo Shiheng, Dong Rui, Zhang Tong'er, Wang Deren, Zhu Can, and Guo Shancai—were taken and beheaded on the bank of the Luo River.
29
初，李世勣與單雄信友善，誓同生死。 及洛陽平，世勣言雄信驍健絕倫，請盡輸己之官爵以贖之，世民不許。 世勣固請不能得，涕泣而退。 雄信曰：「我固知汝不辦事！」 世勣曰：「吾不惜餘生，與兄俱死； 但既以此身許國，事無兩遂。 且吾死之後，誰復視兄之妻子乎？」 乃割股肉以啖雄信，曰：「使此肉隨兄為土，庶幾猶不負昔誓也！」 士民疾朱粲殘忍，競投瓦礫擊其屍，須臾如塚。 囚韋節、楊續、長孫安世等十餘人送長安。 士民無罪為世充所囚者，皆釋之，所殺者祭而誄之。
Long before, Li Shiji and Shan Xiongxin had been close friends and sworn to live and die together. When Luoyang fell, Li Shiji said Shan Xiongxin was a warrior without equal and asked to give up all his own offices and honors to save him. Li Shimin refused. Li Shiji pleaded again and again, but could not move him. Weeping, he withdrew. Shan Xiongxin said, "I always knew you would never get this done!" Li Shiji said, "I would not begrudge the rest of my life—I would die with you, brother. But I have already pledged this body to the state, and both courses cannot be taken at once. And after I am dead, who will care for your wife and children?" Then he cut flesh from his thigh and fed it to Shan Xiongxin, saying, "Let this flesh go into the earth with you, brother—then perhaps I will not have broken our old oath!" The people hated Zhu Can for his cruelty and pelted his corpse with tiles and stones until, in no time, it looked like a burial mound. Wei Jie, Yang Xu, Changsun Anshi, and more than ten other prisoners were sent to Chang'an. Innocent townspeople and officials whom Wang Shichong had imprisoned were all released; those he had killed were mourned with sacrifices and eulogies.
30
初，秦王府屬杜如晦叔父淹事王世充。 淹素與如晦兄弟不協，譖如晦兄殺之，又囚其弟楚客，餓幾死，楚客終無怨色。 及洛陽平，淹當死，楚客涕泣請如晦救之，如晦不從。 楚客曰：「曩者叔已殺兄，今兄又殺叔，一門之內，自相殘而盡，豈不痛哉！」 欲自剄，如晦乃為之請於世民，淹得免死。 秦王世民坐閶闔門，蘇威請見，稱老病不能拜。 世民遣人數之曰：「公隋室宰相，危不能扶，使君弒國亡。 見李密、王世充皆拜伏舞蹈。 今既老病，無勞相見。」 及至長安，又請見，不許。 既老且貧，無復官爵，卒於家，年八十二。
Earlier, Du Yan—uncle of Du Ruhui, an officer on the Prince of Qin's staff—had served Wang Shichong. Du Yan had long been estranged from Du Ruhui and his brothers. He slandered Ruhui's elder brother until he was killed, then imprisoned the younger brother Chuke and starved him nearly to death. Chuke never showed a trace of resentment. When Luoyang fell, Du Yan was condemned to die. Chuke wept and begged Du Ruhui to save him, but Ruhui refused. Chuke said, "Before, our uncle killed our elder brother; now our elder brother would kill our uncle. One household devouring itself until nothing is left—how can that not break the heart!" On the verge of slitting his own throat, Chuke moved Du Ruhui to plead with Li Shimin, and Du Yan was spared execution. The Prince of Qin, Li Shimin, took his seat at the Changhe Gate. Su Wei asked to see him, pleading old age and illness and saying he could not bow. Li Shimin sent a messenger to rebuke him: "You were chancellor of the Sui. When the dynasty was in peril you did not save it, and the ruler was murdered and the realm lost. Yet when you saw Li Mi and Wang Shichong, you prostrated yourself and danced in submission. Now that you are old and sick, there is no need for us to meet." After he reached Chang'an, he asked to see Li Shimin again, but was refused. Old, poor, and stripped of office and rank, he died at home at eighty-two.
31
秦王世民觀隋宮殿，歎曰：「逞侈心，窮人欲，無亡得乎！」 命撤端門樓，焚乾陽殿，毀則天門及闕； 廢諸道場，城中僧尼，留有名德者各三十人，餘皆返初。
The Prince of Qin, Li Shimin, toured the Sui palaces and sighed, "To indulge every extravagance and exhaust every desire—how could ruin not follow?" He ordered the tower of the Duan Gate torn down, the Qianyang Hall burned, and the Zetian Gate and its flanking towers demolished. He closed the Buddhist halls throughout the city. Of the monks and nuns there, thirty of the most eminent were kept; the rest were sent back to lay life.
32
前真定令周法明，法尚之弟也，隋末結客，襲據黃梅，遣族子孝節攻蘄春，兄子紹則攻安陸，子紹德攻沔陽，皆拔之。 庚午，以四郡來降。
Zhou Faming, formerly magistrate of Zhending and younger brother of Fa Shang, had at the end of the Sui gathered fighting men, seized Huangmei by surprise, and sent his clansman Xiaojie against Qichun, his brother's son Shaozze against Anlu, and his own son Shaode against Mianyang—all of which fell to him. On the day gengwu, he surrendered four commanderies to Tang.
33
壬申，齊善行以洺、相、魏等州來降。 時建德餘眾走至洺州，欲立建德養子為主，徵兵以拒唐； 又欲剽掠居民，還向海隅為盜。 善行獨以為不可，曰：「隋末喪亂，故吾屬相聚草野，苟求生耳。 以夏王之英武，平定河朔，士馬精強，一朝為擒，易如反掌，豈非天命有所屬，非人力所能爭邪！ 今喪敗如此，守亦無成，逃亦不免； 等為亡國，豈可復遺毒於民！ 不若委心請命於唐。 必欲得繒帛者，當盡散府庫之物，勿復殘民也！」 於是運府庫之帛數十萬段，置萬春宮東街，以散將卒，凡三晝夜乃畢。 仍佈兵守坊巷，得物者即出，無得更入人家。 士卒散盡，然後與右僕射裴矩、行臺曹旦，帥其百官奉建德妻曹氏及傳國八璽，並破宇文化及所得珍寶，請降於唐。 上以善行為秦王左二護軍，仍厚賜之。
On the day renshen, Qi Shanxing surrendered Mo, Xiang, Wei, and other prefectures. At that time, the remnants of Dou Jiande's army had fled to Mozhou. They wanted to set up Jiande's adopted son as their leader and raise troops to resist Tang. Others wanted to plunder the people and retreat to the coast to live as bandits. Qi Shanxing alone objected. He said, "At the end of the Sui there was chaos and ruin, and we gathered in the wild merely to survive. The King of Xia was heroic and martial; he pacified Heshuo, and his men and horses were the finest in the land. Yet he was captured in a morning, as easily as turning one's hand—is that not Heaven choosing its master, beyond anything human strength can fight? Now we are broken like this. To hold out is hopeless; to flee is no escape. We are already a fallen cause in any case—how can we visit more harm on the people! Better to submit wholeheartedly and accept Tang's command. If you must have silk and cloth, take everything in the treasury and give it out—do not prey on the people again!" So they hauled several hundred thousand bolts of cloth from the treasury to East Street of Wanchun Palace and handed them out to officers and soldiers. The distribution took three days and three nights to complete. Soldiers remained posted in every lane and alley. Anyone who had looted something had to surrender it and leave immediately—no second raids into private houses. Only after his troops had fully dispersed did he go with Pei Ju, the Right Vice Director, and Cao Dan, chief of the regional headquarters, at the head of the whole court to offer up Dou Jiande's wife, Lady Cao, the eight seals of state, and the treasures seized from Yuwen Huaji—then sue for peace with Tang. The Emperor made Shanxing Left Second Protector-General under the Prince of Qin and heaped rewards upon him.
34
初，竇建德之誅宇文化及也，隋南陽公主有子曰禪師，建德虎賁郎將於士澄問之曰：「化及大逆，兄弟之子皆當從坐，若不能捨禪師，當相為留之。」 公主泣曰：「虎賁既隋室貴臣，茲事何須見問！」 建德竟殺之。 公主尋請為尼。 及建德敗，公主將歸長安，與宇文士及遇於洛陽，士及請與相見，公主不可。 士及立於戶外，請復為夫婦。 公主曰：「我與君仇家，今所以不手刃君者，但謀逆之日，察君不預知耳。」 訶令速去。 士及固請，公主怒曰：「必欲就死，可相見也！」 士及知不可屈，乃拜辭而去。
When Dou Jiande put Yuwen Huaji to death, the Sui Princess of Nanyang still had a young son, Chanshi. Yu Shicheng, a Tiger Vanguard officer in Jiande's service, asked him: "Huaji's crime was capital treason—his brothers' sons should all die with him. If you cannot bring yourself to abandon Chanshi, let us hide him together." The princess wept. "You Tiger Vanguard are honored servants of the Sui. Why do you even put such a question to me?" Jiande killed the boy anyway. Not long after, the princess asked to take the veil. After Jiande's fall, the princess was on her way back to Chang'an when she met Yuwen Shiji in Luoyang. He begged for an audience; she would not grant it. Shiji waited at the threshold and pleaded that they become husband and wife again. The princess said, "Our families are sworn enemies. The only reason I do not cut you down myself is that, when the treason was plotted, I could see you were not in on it." She scolded him and told him to be gone immediately. Shiji would not desist. The princess flared: "If you are bent on dying, come in and see me!" Seeing she would not yield, Shiji bowed his farewell and left.
35
乙亥，以周法明為黃州總管。
On the day yihai, Zhou Faming was made regional commander of Huangzhou.
36
戊寅，王世充徐州行臺杞王世辯以徐、宋等三十八州詣河南道安撫大使任□襄請降； 世充故地悉平。
On wuyin, Wang Shibian of Qi—Wang Shichong's Xuzhou headquarters chief—surrendered thirty-eight prefectures, Xu and Song among them, to Ren □xiang, Pacification Commissioner of the Henan Circuit. Every district that had belonged to Shichong was now subdued.
37
竇建德博州刺史馮士羨復推淮安王神通為慰撫山東使，徇下三十餘州； 建德之地悉平。
Feng Shixian, Dou Jiande's prefect of Bozhou, once more raised Prince Huai'an Li Shentong as Commissioner to Pacify Shandong and brought more than thirty prefectures to heel. Jiande's former domains were wholly pacified.
38
己卯，代州總管李大恩擊苑君璋，破之。
On jimao, Li Da'en, regional commander of Daizhou, routed Yuan Junzhang.
39
突厥寇邊，長平靖王叔良督五將擊之，叔良中流矢； 師旋，六月，戊子，卒於道。
Turks struck the border. Prince Changpingjing Li Shuliang took five generals against them and took an arrow in the fighting. The column was marching home when, in the sixth month on wuzi, he died on the road.
40
戊戌，孟海公餘黨蔣善合以鄆州，孟啖鬼以曹州來降。 啖鬼，海公之從兄也。 庚子，營州人石世則執總管晉文衍，舉州叛，奉靺鞨突地稽為主。
On wuxu, Jiang Shanhe—of Duke Meng Hai's lingering faction—surrendered Yanzhou, and Meng Dangui surrendered Caozhou. Dangui was a first cousin, once removed, of Duke Hai. On gengzi, a man of Yingzhou named Shize arrested its regional commander Jin Wenyian, rebelled with the entire prefecture, and set up the Mohe chieftain Tudi Ji as ruler.
41
黃州總管周法明攻蕭銑安州，拔之，獲其總管馬貴遷。
Zhou Faming of Huangzhou stormed Xiao Xuan's Anzhou, took the city, and captured its commander Ma Guiqian.
42
乙巳，以右驍衛將軍盛彥師為宋州總管，安撫河南。
On yisi, Sheng Yanshi, general of the Right Xiaowei Guard, was made regional commander of Songzhou with charge over pacifying Henan.
43
乙卯，海州賊帥臧君相以五州來降，拜海州總管。
On yimao, Zang Junxiang, rebel leader of Haizhou, submitted five prefectures and was enfeoffed as Haizhou's regional commander.
44
秋，七月，庚申，王世充行臺王弘烈、王泰、左僕射豆盧行褒、右僕射蘇世長以襄州來降。 上與行褒、世長皆有舊，先是，屢以書招之，行褒輒殺使者； 既至長安，上誅行褒而責世長。 世長曰：「隋失其鹿，天下共逐之。 陛下既得之矣，豈可復忿同獵之徒，問爭肉之罪乎！」 上笑而釋之，以為諫議大夫。 嘗從校獵高陵，大獲禽獸，上顧群臣曰：「今日畋，樂乎？」 世長對曰：「陛下遊獵，薄廢萬機，不滿十旬，未足為樂！」 上變色，既而笑曰：「狂態復發邪？」 對曰：「於臣則狂，於陛下甚忠。」 嘗侍宴披香殿，酒酣，謂上曰：「此殿煬帝之所為邪？」 上曰：「卿諫似直而實多詐，豈不知此殿朕所為，而謂之煬帝乎？」 對曰：「臣實不知，但見其華侈如傾宮、鹿臺，非興王之所為故也。 若陛下為之，誠非所宜。 臣昔侍陛下於武功，見所居宅僅庇風雨，當時亦以為足。 今因隋之宮室，已極侈矣，而又增之，將何以矯其失乎？」 上深然之。
In autumn, seventh month, gengshen: Wang Honglie and Wang Tai of Shichong's headquarters, with Left Vice Director Doulu Xingbao and Right Vice Director Su Shichang, surrendered Xiangzhou. The Emperor and both Xingbao and Shichang went back a long way. He had written again and again urging them to come over; Xingbao kept murdering the messengers. When they arrived in Chang'an, the Emperor put Xingbao to death and took Shichang to task. Shichang said, "When Sui lost the prize, the whole realm ran to hunt it. Now that Your Majesty holds it, will you still rage at those who hunted beside you and call them to account for quarreling over the kill?" The Emperor laughed, let the matter drop, and made him Remonstrance and Discussion Grand Master. On a hunt at Gaoling they bagged game in abundance. The Emperor looked at his court and asked, "Was today's sport enjoyable?" Shichang answered, "Your Majesty's hunting trips barely touch the myriad burdens of rule. Less than a hundred days in, and already you call this joy?" The Emperor's face darkened—then he laughed. "Your mad streak is back, is it?" Madness in me, perhaps—but toward Your Majesty, utmost loyalty." At another time, feasting in Pixiang Hall with wine in his blood, he asked the Emperor, "Did Emperor Yang build this hall?" The Emperor said, "You sound blunt, but this is mostly theater. You know perfectly well I built this hall—why pretend it was Yang's?" I truly did not know," he said. "I saw only that it is as lavish as the Tilted Palace and the Deer Terrace—hardly the work of a king who is raising a new age. If it was Your Majesty who built it, then it is truly unfitting. When I served you at Wugong, your house scarcely kept off wind and rain—and even then you called it enough. Today you have Sui's palaces, already extravagance itself, and you enlarge them further. How will you ever correct the old excess?" The Emperor was deeply persuaded.
45
甲子，秦王世民至長安。 世民被黃金甲，齊王元吉、李世勣等二十五將從其後，鐵騎萬匹，甲士三萬人，前後部鼓吹，俘王世充、竇建德及隋乘輿、御物獻於太廟，行飲至之禮以饗之。
On jiazi, Prince of Qin Shimin entered Chang'an. Shimin rode in golden armor, with Prince of Qi Yuanji, Li Shiji, and twenty-five other generals behind him; ten thousand iron horses and thirty thousand armored men; ceremonial music before and behind. Wang Shichong and Dou Jiande, the Sui imperial carriage and regalia, were offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and the victory feast of return was celebrated.
46
乙丑，高句麗王建武遣使入貢。 建武，元之弟也。
On yichou, King Jianwu of Goguryeo sent tribute envoys. Jianwu was the younger brother of Yuan.
47
上見王世充而數之，世充曰：「臣罪固當誅，然秦王許臣不死。」 丙寅，詔赦世充為庶人，與兄弟子侄徙處蜀； 斬竇建德於市。
When the Emperor confronted Wang Shichong, Shichong said, "I deserve death—that is certain. But the Prince of Qin promised my life." On bingyin, an edict spared Shichong's life and reduced him to commoner status; he and his brothers, nephews, and cousins were sent into exile in Shu. Dou Jiande was beheaded in public.
48
丁卯，以天下略定，大赦。 百姓給復一年。 陝、鼎、函、虢、虞、芮六州，轉輸勞費，幽州管內，久隔寇戎，並給復二年。 律、令、格、式，且用開皇舊制。 赦令既下，而王、竇餘黨尚有遠徙者，治書侍御史孫伏伽上言：「兵、食可去，信不可去，陛下已赦而復徙之，是自違本心，使臣民何所憑依？ 且世充尚蒙寬宥，況於餘黨，所宜縱釋。」 上從之。
On the dingmao day, with the empire largely settled, the court declared a grand amnesty. Taxes and labor levies were remitted for the people for one year. Shaan, Ding, Han, Guo, Yu, and Rui—the six prefectures exhausted by relay transport—and Youzhou, long isolated by enemy incursions, received two years of remission. The legal codes—statutes, orders, precedents, and administrative formulas—were for the time being restored to the Kaihuang-era framework. The amnesty had barely been promulgated when partisans of Wang and Dou were still being sent into distant exile. Supervising Secretary Sun Fuga memorialized the throne: "One may do without arms and grain, but not without good faith. Having pardoned these men, Your Majesty now banishes them again—you contradict your own intent. On what, then, may your subjects depend? If even Shichong was shown mercy, his followers ought all the more to be set free." The emperor agreed.
49
王世充以防夫未備，置雍州廨捨。 獨孤機之子定州刺史修德帥兄弟至其所，矯稱敕呼鄭王； 世充與兄世惲趨出，修德等殺之。 詔免修德官。 其餘兄弟子侄等，於道亦以謀反誅。
Wang Shichong was quartered in the Yongzhou administrative compound, as the conscript guards were not yet in place. Xiude, son of Dugu Ji and governor of Dingzhou, went with his brothers to Wang's quarters and, forging an imperial summons, called for the Prince of Zheng. Shichong and his elder brother Shiyun rushed out—and Xiude and his men cut them down. The emperor dismissed Xiude from his post. His remaining brothers, sons, and nephews were likewise put to death on the road, condemned for treason.
50
隋末錢幣濫薄，至裁皮糊紙為之，民間不勝其弊。 至是，初行開元通寶錢，逕八分，重二銖四參，積十錢重一兩，輕重大小最為折衷，遠近便之。 命給事中歐陽詢撰其文並書，迴環可讀。
By the Sui dynasty's end, currency had grown so debased that people were cutting leather and gluing paper into coins; the common folk could scarcely endure the misery of it. At this juncture the Kaiyuan Tongbao was introduced for the first time: eight fen in diameter, two zhu and four candareens in weight; ten coins stacked to one liang—a measure of weight and size judged the most practical balance, welcomed alike near and far. Ouyang Xun, a supervising secretary, was commissioned to draft and calligraph the legend—a phrase that reads the same whether traced in a circle.
51
以屈突通為陝東道大行臺右僕射，鎮洛陽； 以淮陽王道玄為洛州總管，李世勣父蓋竟無恙而還，詔復其官爵。 竇軌還益州。 軌將兵征討，或經旬月不解甲。 性嚴酷，將佐有犯，無貴賤立斬之，鞭撻吏民，常流血滿庭，所部重足屏息。
Qu Tuo was made Right Vice Director of the Eastern Shaan Grand Traveling Platform and posted to guard Luoyang. The Prince of Huaiyang, Daoxuan, was appointed Governor-General of Luozhou; Li Shiji's father Gai at last returned unharmed, and an edict restored his offices and titles. Dou Gui went back to Yizhou. When Dou Gui took the field, he sometimes went ten days or a full month without doffing his armor. Harsh by nature, he beheaded offending officers on the spot, high or low alike; he flogged officials and commoners until blood pooled in the courtyard, and all who served under him lived in dread, scarcely daring to breathe.
52
癸酉，置錢監於洛、並、幽、益等諸州，秦王世民、齊王元吉賜三爐，裴寂賜一爐，聽鑄錢。 自餘敢盜鑄者，身死，家口配沒。
On the guiyou day, mints were established at Luoyang, Bing, You, Yi, and other prefectures; the Prince of Qin, Shimin, and the Prince of Qi, Yuanji, were each granted three furnaces, Pei Ji one, and authorized to cast coin. Anyone else who dared counterfeit coin would be executed, and his household enslaved.
53
河北既平，上以陳君賓為洺州刺史。 將軍秦武通等將兵屯洺州，欲使分鎮東方諸州； 又以鄭善果等為慰撫大使，就洺州選補山東州縣官。
With Hebei pacified, the emperor named Chen Junbin governor of Mingzhou. General Qin Wutong and others encamped at Mingzhou, intending to detach forces to garrison the eastern prefectures. Zheng Shanguo and others were also appointed pacification commissioners and, operating from Mingzhou, were to select and install officials for the prefectures and counties of the east.
54
竇建德之敗也，其諸將多盜匿庫物，及居閭里，暴橫為民患，唐官吏以法繩之，或加捶撻，建德故將皆驚懼不安。 高雅賢、王小胡家在洺州，欲竊其家以逃，官吏捕之，雅賢等亡命至貝州。 會上征建德故將范願、董康買、曹湛及雅賢等，於是願等相謂曰：「王世充以洛陽降唐，其將相大臣段達、單雄信等皆夷滅； 吾屬至長安，必不免矣。 吾屬自十年以來，身經百戰，當死久矣，今何惜餘生，不以之立事。 且夏王得淮安王，遇以客禮，唐得夏王即殺之。 吾屬皆為夏王所厚，今不為之報仇，將無以見天下之士！」 乃謀作亂，卜之，以劉氏為主吉，因相與之漳南，見建德故將劉雅，以其謀告之。 雅曰：「天下適安定，吾將老於耕桑，不願復起兵！」 眾怒，且恐洩其謀，遂殺之。 故漢東公劉黑闥，時屏居漳南，諸將往詣之，告以其謀，黑闥欣然從之。 黑闥方種蔬，即殺耕牛，與之共飲食定計，聚眾得百人。 甲戌，襲漳南縣據之。 是時，諸道有事則置行臺尚書省，無事則罷之。 朝廷聞黑闥作亂，乃置山東道行臺於洺州，魏、冀、定、滄並置總管府。 丁丑，以淮安王神通為山東道臺右僕射。
After Dou Jiande's defeat, many of his generals had looted and hidden treasury goods; back among the townsfolk they bullied and preyed on the people. Tang magistrates held them to the law, sometimes with the lash—and Jiande's old commanders grew fearful and restless. Gao Yaxian and Wang Xiaohu, whose families were in Mingzhou, planned to plunder their homes and flee; officials moved to seize them, and Yaxian and his companions escaped as fugitives to Beizhou. Just then the court summoned Jiande's former generals—Fan Yuan, Dong Kangmai, Cao Zhan, Yaxian, and the rest. Yuan and his companions said to one another: "When Wang Shichong surrendered Luoyang to Tang, his generals and ministers—Duan Da, Shan Xiongxin, and the rest—were all put to the sword. If we go to Chang'an, we will not be spared. For ten years we have fought a hundred battles—we should have died long ago. Why cling to what life remains instead of risking it for a cause? When the Prince of Xia captured the Prince of Huai'an, he received him as an honored guest; when Tang took the Prince of Xia, they killed him at once. The Prince of Xia treated us all with great favor—if we fail to avenge him now, how can we ever face honorable men under heaven!" They resolved on rebellion. Divination showed that a Liu should lead them, so they went together to Zhangnan, sought out Jiande's former general Liu Ya, and confided their design. Liu Ya replied: "The realm has only just found peace. I mean to live out my days tilling fields and tending mulberry—I have no wish to take up arms again!" Enraged, and fearing he would betray them, they killed him. The former Duke of Handong, Liu Heita, was then living in retirement at Zhangnan. The generals sought him out, disclosed their plan, and Heita gladly agreed. Heita had been planting vegetables; he at once slaughtered his plow ox, feasted with them to settle their plan, and mustered a band of a hundred men. On the jiaxu day they stormed Zhangnan County and took it. At that time, whenever a circuit faced urgent affairs a Traveling Platform Secretariat was set up; when the crisis passed, it was dissolved. Learning of Heita's revolt, the court established a Shandong Circuit Traveling Platform at Mingzhou and set up governor-general offices in Wei, Ji, Ding, and Cang. On the dingchou day, the Prince of Huai'an, Shentong, was appointed Right Vice Director of the Shandong Circuit Platform.
55
辛巳，褒州道安撫使郭行方攻蕭銑鄀州，拔之。
On the xinsi day, Guo Xingfang, pacification commissioner of the Bao circuit, attacked E Prefecture, held by Xiao Xian, and took it.
56
孟海公與竇建德同伏誅，戴州刺史孟□敢鬼不自安，挾海公之子義以曹、戴二州反，以禹城令蔣善合為腹心； 善合與其左右同謀斬之。
Meng Haigong was executed along with Dou Jiande. Meng□ Gan Gui, governor of Dai Prefecture, unsettled by events, raised Cao and Dai in rebellion with Haigong's son Yi, and made Jiang Shanhe, magistrate of Yucheng, his closest adviser. Jiang Shanhe and his men plotted together and cut him down.
57
八月，丙戌朔，日有食之。
In the eighth month, on the first day of the bingxu cycle, the sun was eclipsed.
58
丁亥，命太子安撫北邊。
On the dinghai day, the crown prince was charged with pacifying the northern border.
59
丁酉，劉黑闥陷鄃縣，魏州刺史權威、貝州刺史戴元祥與戰，皆敗死，黑闥悉收其餘眾及器械。 竇建德舊黨稍稍出歸之，眾至二千人，為壇於漳南，祭建德，告以舉兵之意，自稱大將軍。 詔發關中步騎三千，使將軍秦武通、定州總管藍田李玄通擊之； 又詔幽州總管李藝引兵會擊黑闥。
On the dingyou day, Liu Heita took Yu County. Quan Wei, governor of Wei Prefecture, and Dai Yuanxiang, governor of Beizhou, gave battle and were both defeated and killed; Heita absorbed their remaining troops and arms. Dou Jiande's old followers drifted in one after another until his force reached two thousand. At Zhangnan they raised an altar, offered sacrifice to Jiande, proclaimed their intent to rebel, and Heita styled himself Grand General. An edict ordered three thousand foot and horse soldiers from Guanzhong sent out under General Qin Wutong and Li Xuantong of Lantian, governor-general of Dingzhou, to strike him down. The emperor also ordered Li Yi, governor-general of Youzhou, to march and unite with the others in striking Heita down.
60
癸卯，突厥寇代州，總管李大恩遣行軍總管王孝基拒之，舉軍皆沒。 甲辰，進圍崞縣。 乙巳，王孝基自突厥逃歸，李大恩眾少，據城自守，突厥不敢逼，月餘引去。
On the guimao day, Turks invaded Daizhou. Governor-general Li Da'en sent campaigning governor-general Wang Xiaoji to meet them, and the whole force was destroyed. On the jiachen day, the Turks pressed on to besiege Guo County. On the yisi day, Wang Xiaoji fled the Turks and got back. Li Da'en's force was too small to sally forth, so he held the city; the Turks did not dare close in and withdrew after a month and more.
61
上以南方寇盜尚多，丙午，以左武候將軍張鎮周為淮南道行軍總管，大將軍陳智略為嶺南道行軍總管，鎮撫之。
Bandits still ran riot in the south, so on the bingwu day the emperor named Left Martial Guard general Zhang Zhenzhou campaigning governor-general of Huainan and grand general Chen Zhilve campaigning governor-general of Lingnan to pacify the region.
62
丁未，劉黑闥陷歷亭，執屯衛將軍王行敏，使之拜，不可，遂殺之。
On the dingwei day, Liu Heita took Liting, seized garrison guard general Wang Xingmin, and tried to make him bow; Wang refused, and Heita had him killed.
63
初，洛陽既平，徐圓朗請降，拜兗州總管，封魯郡公。 劉黑闥作亂，陰與圓朗通謀。 上使葛公盛彥師安集河南，行至任城； 辛亥，圓朗執彥師，舉兵反。 黑闥以圓朗為大行臺元帥，兗、鄆、陳、杞、伊、洛、曹、戴等八州豪右皆應之。 圓朗厚禮彥師，使作書與其弟，令舉虞城降。 彥師為書曰：「吾奉使無狀，為賊所擒，為臣不忠，誓之以死； 汝善侍老母，勿以吾為念。」 圓朗初色動，而彥師自若。 圓朗乃笑曰：「盛將軍有壯節，不可殺也。」 待之如舊。
When Luoyang had first been pacified, Xu Yuanlang had surrendered; he was made governor-general of Yanzhou and enfeoffed as Duke of Lu. After Liu Heita rebelled, he and Yuanlang plotted together in secret. The emperor dispatched Duke of Ge Sheng Yanshi to pacify Henan; he had reached Rencheng when, on the xinhai day, Yuanlang seized Yanshi and rose in arms. Heita appointed Yuanlang grand marshal of the grand pacification headquarters, and the great families of Yan, Yun, Chen, Qi, Yi, Luo, Cao, and Dai—eight prefectures in all—rallied to them. Yuanlang honored Yanshi lavishly and made him write to his younger brother, telling him to surrender Yucheng. Yanshi wrote: "I failed shamefully in my commission and was taken by the rebels; I have been an unfaithful subject, and I swear to die for it; serve our old mother well, and do not grieve for me." At first Yuanlang's face changed color, but Yanshi was unmoved. Yuanlang then laughed and said, "General Sheng has the mettle of a hero; he must not be killed." He treated Yanshi just as he had before.
64
河南道安撫大使任瑰行至宋州，屬圓朗反，副使柳浚勸瑰退保汴州，瑰笑曰：「柳以何怯也！」 圓朗又攻陷楚丘，引兵將圍虞城，瑰遣部將崔樞、張公謹自鄢陵帥諸州豪右質子百餘人守虞城。 濬曰：「樞與公謹皆王世充將，諸州質子父兄皆反，恐必為變。」 瑰不應。 樞至虞城，分質子使與土人合隊共守城。 賊稍近，質子有叛者，樞斬其隊帥。 於是諸隊帥皆懼，各殺其質子，樞不禁，梟其首於門外，遣使白瑰。 瑰陽怒曰：「吾所以使與質子俱者，欲招其父兄耳，何罪而殺之！」 退謂濬曰：「吾固知崔樞能辦此也。 縣人既殺質子，與賊深仇，吾何患乎！」 賊攻虞城，果不克而去。
Ren Gui, commissioner for pacifying the Henan circuit, reached Songzhou just as Yuanlang rebelled. Deputy commissioner Liu Jun urged him to fall back and hold Bianzhou. Gui laughed: "Liu, why so timid?" Yuanlang also took Chuqiu and marched to encircle Yucheng. Gui sent his officers Cui Shu and Zhang Gongjin from Yanling, at the head of more than a hundred hostages—the sons of the great families of several prefectures—to defend Yucheng. Jun said, "Shu and Gongjin both served Wang Shichong, and these hostages' fathers and elder brothers have all rebelled; they are sure to turn on us." Gui gave no answer. When Shu reached Yucheng, he split the hostages among the local squads and had them defend the city together. As the rebels closed in, some hostages tried to defect; Shu beheaded their squad leader. Then every squad leader, in fear, killed his hostage. Shu did not restrain them, had the heads hung outside the gate, and sent word to Gui. Gui pretended to rage: "I sent them out with the hostages to win over their fathers and brothers—what crime had those boys committed, that you killed them!" In private he told Jun, "I always knew Cui Shu would see this through. Now that the townsfolk have killed the hostages, they are the rebels' mortal enemies—what do I have to fear?" The rebels assaulted Yucheng, failed to take it as expected, and withdrew.
65
初，竇建德以鄱陽崔元遜為深州刺史，及劉黑闥反，元遜與其黨數十人謀於野，伏甲士於車中，以禾覆其上，詐為農人，直入聽事，自禾中呼噪而出，執刺史裴晞殺之，傳首黑闥。
Earlier, Dou Jiande had made the Poyang man Cui Yuansun prefect of Shenzhou. When Liu Heita rebelled, Yuansun and several dozen followers plotted in the fields, hid armed men in carts under sheaves of grain, and came disguised as farmers straight into the prefect's hall. They burst shouting from the grain, seized prefect Pei Xi, killed him, and sent his head to Heita.
66
九月，乙卯，文登賊帥-{淳于}-難請降； 置登州，以難為刺史。
In the ninth month, on the yimao day, the Wendeng bandit chief Chunyu Nan offered surrender; Deng Prefecture was established, and Nan was appointed its prefect.
67
突厥寇并州； 遣左屯衛大將軍竇琮等擊之。 戊午，突厥寇原州； 遣行軍總管尉遲敬德等擊之。
Turks raided Bingzhou; the emperor dispatched left garrison guard grand general Dou Cong and others to drive them off. On the wuwu day, Turks invaded Yuanzhou; campaigning governor-general Yuchi Jingde and others were sent to strike them.
68
辛酉，徐圓朗自稱魯王。
On the xinyou day, Xu Yuanlang proclaimed himself King of Lu.
69
隋末，歙州賊帥汪華據黟、歙等五州，有眾一萬，自稱吳王。 甲子，遣使來降； 拜歙州總管。
At the end of the Sui, the Shezhou bandit chief Wang Hua held Yi, She, and three other prefectures—ten thousand men in all—and styled himself King of Wu. On the jiazi day, he sent envoys to surrender; he was made governor-general of Shezhou.
70
隋末，弋陽盧祖尚糾合壯士以衛鄉里，部分嚴整，群盜畏之。 及煬帝遇弒，鄉人奉之為光州刺史； 時年十九，奉表於皇泰主。 及王世充自立，祖尚來降； 丙子，以祖尚為光州總管。
At the end of the Sui, Lu Zushang of Yiyang rallied stalwart men to guard his homeland. His ranks were tightly disciplined, and the bandits feared him. When Emperor Yang was murdered, his neighbors installed him as prefect of Guangzhou; he was nineteen at the time and sent a memorial to the Prince of Huai of Tang. When Wang Shichong seized the throne, Zushang came over in surrender; on the bingzi day, Zushang was made governor-general of Guangzhou.
71
己卯，詔括天下戶口。 徐圓朗寇濟州，治中吳人及論擊走之。
On the jimao day, an edict ordered a household census across the empire. Xu Yuanlang raided Jizhou; administrative assistant Wu Renji beat him back.
72
癸未，詔以太常樂工皆前代因罪配沒，子孫相承，多歷年所，良可哀愍； 宜並蠲除為民，且令執事，若仕宦入流，勿更追集。
On the guiwei day, an edict said that the Court of Imperial Sacrifices musicians had all been condemned to penal service in earlier ages for crimes, and their descendants had borne that burden for generations—truly a thing to pity; all were to be released and made commoners, and even those who had entered office were not to be summoned back.
73
甲申，靈州總管楊師道擊突厥，破之。 師道，恭仁之弟也。
On the jiashen day, Yang Shidao, governor-general of Lingzhou, struck the Turks and routed them. Shidao was Gongren's younger brother.
74
詔發巴、蜀兵，以趙郡王孝恭為荊湘道行軍總管，李靖攝行軍長史，統十二總管，自夔州順流東下； 以廬江王瑗為荊郢道行軍元帥，出襄州道，黔州刺史田世康出辰州道，黃州總管周法明出夏口道，以擊蕭銑。 是月，孝恭發夔州。 時峽江方漲，諸將請俟水落進軍，李靖曰：「兵貴神速。 今吾兵始集，銑尚未知，若乘江漲，倏忽抵其城下，掩其不備，此必有擒； 不可失也！」 孝恭從之。
An edict called up Ba and Shu troops, made Prince of Zhao Commandery Li Xiaogong campaigning governor-general of the Jingxiang circuit, and put Li Jing in charge as acting campaigning chief of staff, commanding twelve governor-generals to sail downriver from Kuizhou; Prince of Lujiang Li Yuan was made campaigning marshal of the Jingying circuit and marched by the Xiangzhou road; Qianzhou prefect Tian Shikang by the Chenzhou road; and Huangzhou governor-general Zhou Faming by the Xiakou road—to attack Xiao Xian. That same month, Xiaogong departed from Kuizhou. The Yangtze gorges were swollen, and the generals urged waiting for the flood to recede. Li Jing said, "Speed is the soul of war. Our army has only just gathered, and Xian still does not know it. If we ride the flood and in a flash reach his city, striking before he is ready, we are bound to take him; we must not let it slip away!" Xiaogong followed his counsel.
75
淮安王神通將關內兵至冀州，與李藝兵合。 又發邢、洺、相、魏、恆、趙等州兵合五萬餘人，與劉黑闥戰於饒陽城南，布陳十餘里； 黑闥眾少，依堤單行而陳以當之。 會風雪，神通乘風擊之，既而風返，神通大敗，士馬軍資失亡三分之二。 李藝居西偏，擊高雅賢，破之，逐奔數里，聞大軍不利，退保蒿城； 黑闥就擊之，藝亦敗，薛萬均、萬徹皆為所虜，截發驅之。 萬均兄弟亡歸，藝引兵歸幽州。 黑闥兵勢大振。
Prince of Huai'an Li Shentong brought Guanzhong troops to Jizhou and united with Li Yi's army. Forces were also raised from Xing, Ming, Xiang, Wei, Heng, Zhao, and other prefectures—more than fifty thousand men—to meet Liu Heita south of Raoyang. The array stretched for more than ten li; Heita's numbers were fewer; he lined up in a single rank along the dike to hold them. A snowstorm blew up. Shentong attacked with the wind at his back, but the wind turned, and he was crushed; two-thirds of his men, horses, and stores were lost. Li Yi on the western flank struck Gao Yaxian, routed him, and chased him for several li; then, hearing the main force had failed, he fell back to hold Gaocheng; Heita pressed him there and Yi was beaten too. Xue Wanjun and Wanche were both taken captive, their hair shorn, and driven before the enemy. The Xue brothers fled back; Yi withdrew to Youzhou. Heita's momentum swelled greatly.
76
上以秦王世民功大，前代官皆不足以稱之，特置天策上將，位在王公上。 冬，十月，以世民為天策上將，領司徒、陝東道大行臺尚書令，增邑二萬戶，仍開天策府，置官屬，以齊王元吉為司空。 世民以海內浸平，乃開館於宮西，延四方文學之士，出教以王府屬杜如晦、記室房玄齡、虞世南、文學褚亮、姚思廉、主簿李玄道、參軍蔡允恭、薛元敬、顏相時、咨議典簽蘇勖、天策府從事中郎於志宇、軍咨祭酒蘇世長、記室薛收、倉曹李守素、國子助教陸德明、孔穎達、信都蓋文達、宋州總管府戶曹許敬宗，並以本官兼文學館學士，分為三番，更日直宿，供給珍膳，恩禮優厚。 世民朝謁公事之暇，輒至館中，引諸學士討論文籍，或夜分乃寢。 又使庫直閻立本圖像，褚亮為贊，號十八學士。 士大夫得預其選者，時人謂之「登瀛洲」。 允恭，大寶之弟子； 元敬，收之從子； 相時，師古之弟； 立本，毘之子也。
The Prince of Qin Shimin's feats were so great that no earlier rank could match them, so the emperor created a new office—Celestial Strategist General—above kings and dukes. In the tenth month of winter, Shimin was named Celestial Strategist General, retaining Minister over the Masses and chief minister of the Shandong grand pacification headquarters, with his fief enlarged by twenty thousand households; he opened the Celestial Strategist Office with a full staff, and Prince of Qi Yuanji was made Minister of Works. With the empire nearly at peace, Shimin opened a hall west of the palace and gathered scholars from every quarter. By edict he named Du Ruhui, Fang Xuanling, Yu Shinan, Chu Liang, Yao Silian, Li Xuandao, Cai Yungong, Xue Yuanjing, Yan Xiangshi, Su Xu, Yu Zhiyu, Su Shichang, Xue Shou, Li Shousu, Lu Deming, Kong Yingda, Gai Wenda of Xindu, and Xu Jingzong—all to serve as Literary Hall scholars while keeping their original posts—split into three watches to stand duty in rotation, with rare fare and lavish honor. Whenever Shimin was free of court business, he went to the hall, drew the scholars into discussion of the classics, and sometimes slept only after midnight. He had palace artist Yan Liben paint their likenesses and Chu Liang write the captions; they were known as the Eighteen Scholars. Gentry chosen for this company were said by their contemporaries to have "ascended to the Isle of Immortals." Yungong was a pupil of Dabao; Yuanjing was Shou's nephew; Xiangshi was Shigu's younger brother; Liben was Pi's son.
77
初，杜如晦為秦王府兵曹參軍，俄遷陝州長史。 時府僚多補外官，世民患之。 房玄齡曰：「餘人不足惜，至於杜如晦，王佐之才，大王欲經營四方，非如晦不可。」 世民驚曰：「微公言，幾失之。」 即奏為府屬。 與玄齡常從世民征伐，參謀帷幄，軍中多事，如晦剖決如流。 世民每破軍克城，諸將佐爭取寶貨，玄齡獨收采人物，致之幕府。 又將佐有勇略者，玄齡必與之深相結，使為世民盡死力。 世民每令玄齡入奏事，上歎曰：「玄齡為吾兒陳事，雖隔千里，皆如面談。」 李玄道嘗事李密，為記室，密敗，官屬為王世充所虜，懼死，皆達曙不寐。 獨玄道起居自若，曰：「死生有命，非憂可免！」 眾服其識量。
Earlier, Du Ruhui had served as a military staff officer in the Prince of Qin's household and was soon posted as chief administrator of Shanzhou. Many of the prince's staff were being sent to outside posts, and Shimin was troubled. Fang Xuanling said, "The rest are no great loss, but Du Ruhui has the talent of a king's right hand. If you mean to win the realm, you cannot do without him." Shimin started and said, "Had you not spoken, I would almost have lost him." He at once memorialized to have Ruhui made a household attache. With Xuanling he often followed Shimin to war, counseling in the command tent; though the camp was awash in business, Ruhui's judgments ran clear as a stream. Whenever Shimin routed a foe or took a city, his officers fought over loot; Xuanling alone gathered men of ability and sent them to the prince's headquarters. Whenever an officer showed courage and wit, Xuanling bound himself to him, so that the man would give Shimin his life. Whenever Shimin sent Xuanling in to report, the emperor sighed: "Xuanling lays out my son's affairs; though a thousand li divide them, it is as if they spoke face to face." Li Xuandao had once served Li Mi as secretariat director. When Mi fell, the staff were taken by Wang Shichong; fearing death, they all kept vigil till dawn. Xuandao alone kept his composure and said, "Life and death are ordained—worry cannot ward them off!" The rest admired his calm judgment.
78
庚寅，劉黑闥陷瀛州，殺刺史盧士睿。 觀州人執刺史雷德備，以城降之。
On the gengyin day, Liu Heita took Yingzhou and killed prefect Lu Shirui. The people of Guan Prefecture seized prefect Lei Debei and surrendered the city to him.
79
辛卯，蕭銑鄂州刺史雷長穎以魯山來降。
On the xinmao day, Lei Changying, Xiao Xian's prefect of Ezhou, surrendered Lushan.
80
趙郡王孝恭帥戰艦二千餘艘東下，蕭銑以江水方漲，殊不為備； 孝恭等拔其荊門、宜都二鎮，進至夷陵。 銑將文士弘將精兵數萬屯清江，癸巳，孝恭擊走之，獲戰艦三百餘艘，殺溺死者萬計； 追奔至百里洲，士弘收兵復戰，又敗之，進入北江。 銑江州總管蓋彥舉以五州來降。
Prince of Zhao Commandery Li Xiaogong sailed east with more than two thousand warships. Xiao Xian, thinking the river still in flood, was wholly unprepared; Xiaogong's force took the Jingmen and Yidu garrisons and pushed on to Yiling. Xian's general Wen Shihong held Qingjiang with tens of thousands of elite troops. On the guisi day, Xiaogong drove him off, seizing more than three hundred warships; those killed or drowned ran to the tens of thousands; the pursuit reached Baili Isle. Shihong rallied and fought again, was beaten again, and they entered the northern Yangtze. Xian's Jiangzhou governor-general Gai Yanshu surrendered five prefectures.
81
毛州刺史趙元愷，性嚴急，下不堪命。 丁卯，州民董燈明等作亂，殺元愷以應劉黑闥。
Zhao Yuankai, prefect of Maozhou, was by nature harsh and severe, and those beneath him could not bear it. On the dingmao day, the townsman Dong Dengming and others rebelled, killed Yuankai, and rallied to Liu Heita.
82
盛彥師自徐圓朗所逃歸。 王薄因說青、萊、密諸州，皆下之。
Sheng Yanshi fled Xu Yuanlang's camp and got back. Wang Bo then won over Qing, Lai, and Mi prefectures, and all came over.
83
蕭銑之罷兵營農也，才留宿衛數千人，聞唐兵至，文士弘敗，大懼，倉猝徵兵，皆在江、嶺之外，道塗阻遠，不能遽集，乃悉見兵出拒戰。 孝恭將擊之，李靖止之曰：「彼救敗之師，策非素立，勢不能久，不若且泊南岸，緩之一日，彼必分其兵，或留拒我，或歸自守； 兵分勢弱，我乘其懈而擊之，蔑不勝矣。 今若急之，彼則並力死戰，楚兵剽銳，未易當也。」 孝恭不從，留靖守營，自帥銳師出戰，果敗走，趣南岸。 銑眾委舟收掠軍資，人皆負重，靖見其眾亂，縱兵奮擊，大破之，乘勝直抵江陵，入其外郭。 又攻水城，拔之，大獲舟艦，李靖使孝恭盡散之江中。 諸將皆曰：「破敵所獲，當藉其用，奈何棄以資敵？」 靖曰：「蕭銑之地，南出嶺表，東距洞庭。 吾懸軍深入，若攻城未拔，援兵四集，吾表裡受敵，進退不獲，雖有舟楫，將安用之？ 今棄舟艦，使塞江而下，援兵見之，必謂江陵已破，未敢輕進，往來覘伺，動淹旬月，吾取之必矣。」 銑援兵見舟艦，果疑不進。 其交州總管丘和、長史高士廉、司馬杜之松等將朝江陵，聞銑敗，悉詣孝恭降。
When Xiao Xian had stood his army down to farm, he had kept only a few thousand guards. Learning that Tang forces had come and that Wen Shihong was beaten, he was terrified. He tried to raise troops in haste, but they were all beyond the rivers and southern ranges, the roads long and hard, and could not be gathered quickly; so he sent every man he had to meet the Tang army. Xiaogong was ready to strike when Li Jing stayed his hand. "They are rushing to save a broken army," he said. "Their strategy was never settled; they cannot hold long. Better to moor on the south bank and let a day pass—they will split their forces, some to hold us off, some to hurry home and defend; divide them and they weaken; catch them unguarded and we cannot fail to win. Press them now and they will mass and die fighting. Chu soldiers are swift and keen—not easily faced." Xiaogong refused. He left Jing to hold the camp, took the elite force out himself—and was beaten back, fleeing toward the south bank. Xiao's troops left their boats to loot supplies until every man staggered under the weight. Jing saw the disorder, loosed his men in a furious charge, and broke them completely; pressing the victory he drove straight to Jiangling and entered the outer wall. He next stormed the water fort, took it, and seized a vast fleet. Li Jing ordered Xiaogong to cast every vessel adrift on the river. The generals protested: "Spoils taken in victory ought to serve us—why throw them away and arm the enemy?" Jing answered, "Xiao Xuan's domain runs south into Lingnan and east to Dongting Lake. We are deep in hostile country with our line cut. Fail to storm the city quickly and relief will converge from every quarter—we will be caught inside and out, with nowhere to go. What good would a fleet do us then? Cast the ships adrift to clog the river downstream. When relief sees them they will assume Jiangling has fallen, dare not push forward, and spend weeks circling and spying—we will have the city for certain." Xiao's reinforcements sighted the drifting fleet and, as Jing had foreseen, hung back. Jiaozhou governor-general Qiu He, chief administrator Gao Shilian, vice administrator Du Zhisong, and others were en route to Jiangling to pay court. When they heard Xiao was broken, they all came to Xiaogong and submitted.
84
孝恭勒兵圍江陵，銑內外阻絕，問策於中書侍郎岑文本，文本勸銑降。 銑乃謂群下曰：「天不祚梁，不可復支矣。 若必待力屈，則百姓蒙患，奈何以我一人之故，陷百姓於塗炭乎！」 乙巳，銑以太牢告於太廟，下令開門出降，守城者皆哭。 銑帥群臣緦縗布幘詣軍門，曰：「當死者唯銑耳，百姓無罪，願不殺掠。」 孝恭入據其城，諸將欲大掠，岑文本說孝恭曰：「江南之民，自隋末以來，困於虐政，重以群雄虎爭，今之存者，皆鋒鏑之餘，跂踵延頸以望真主，是以蕭氏君臣、江陵父老決計歸命，庶幾有所息肩。 今若縱兵俘掠，使士民失望，恐自此以南，無復向化之心矣！」 孝恭稱善，遽禁止之。 諸將又言：「梁之將帥與官軍拒斗死者，其罪既深，請籍沒其家，以賞將士。」 李靖曰：「王者之師，宜使義聲先路。 彼為其主斗死，乃忠臣也，豈可同叛逆之科籍其家乎！」 於是城中安堵，秋毫無犯。 南方州縣聞之，皆望風款附。 銑降數日，援兵至者十餘萬，聞江陵不守，皆釋甲而降。
Xiaogong tightened the siege around Jiangling until Xiao was sealed off inside and out. He asked Secretariat Vice Director Cen Wenben for counsel; Wenben urged surrender. Xiao told his court, "Heaven has abandoned Liang. We cannot stand any longer. If we wait until we are broken, the people will pay the price—how can I, for one man's sake, drag them through fire and ash!" On yisi he offered the grand sacrifice at the ancestral temple, opened the gates, and surrendered. The defenders wept. Xiao came to the gate in hemp mourning and a cloth headcloth, his ministers behind him. "Let only Xiao die," he said. "The people are guiltless. Spare them looting and slaughter." Xiaogong took the city. The generals wanted a general sack. Cen Wenben pleaded with him: "Since the fall of Sui, Jiangnan has groaned under cruelty and the tiger-fights of rival warlords. Those still alive are survivors of blade and arrow—they crane their necks toward a true lord. That is why the Xiao court and Jiangling's elders chose surrender, hoping at last to breathe. Unleash the soldiers now and you crush that hope. I fear nothing south of here will ever turn toward us again!" Xiaogong agreed and stopped the looting at once. The generals pressed again: "Liang officers who fell fighting our army have sinned deeply. Confiscate their estates to reward the troops." Li Jing said, "An army of kings should let righteousness march ahead of it. They died for their master—they are loyal men. Would you punish them as rebels and strip their families!" The city grew calm; not a hair was touched. Prefectures and counties across the south heard and submitted at the first rumor of Tang justice. Within days of Xiao's surrender, more than a hundred thousand reinforcements arrived. Learning Jiangling was lost, they laid down arms and submitted.
85
孝恭送銑於長安，上數之。 銑曰：「隋失其鹿，天下共逐之。 銑無天命，故至此； 若以為罪，無所逃死！」 竟斬於都市。 詔以孝恭為荊州總管； 李靖為上柱國，賜爵永康縣公，仍使之安撫嶺南，得承制拜授。
Xiaogong escorted Xiao to Chang'an. The emperor rebuked him to his face. Xiao replied, "When Sui lost the deer, the realm ran after it. Xiao had no mandate from Heaven, and so I stand here; call it crime and death is all that remains!" He was beheaded in the public square. An edict appointed Xiaogong governor-general of Jingzhou; Li Jing was made Pillar of State and Duke of Yongkang County, then sent to pacify Lingnan with full authority to appoint and enfeoff by imperial commission.
86
先是，銑遣黃門侍郎江陵劉洎略地嶺表，得五十餘城，未還而銑敗，洎以所得城來降； 除南康州都督府長史。
Earlier Xiao had dispatched Huangmen Vice Director Liu Ji of Jiangling to conquer Lingnan; Ji had taken more than fifty cities. Before he could return, Xiao fell—Ji came in with his conquests and submitted; He was made chief administrator of the Nankang governor-general's headquarters.
87
戊申，徐圓朗昌州治中劉善行以須昌來降。
On wushen, Liu Shanxing, assistant prefect of Changzhou under Xu Yuanlang, surrendered Xuchang.
88
庚戌，詔陝東道大行臺尚書省自令、僕至郎中、主事，品秩皆與京師同，而員數差少，山東行臺及總管府、諸州並隸焉。 其益州、襄州、山東、淮南、河北等道令、僕以下，各降京師一等，員數又減焉。 行臺尚書令得承制補署。 其秦王、齊王府官之外，各置左右六護軍府，及左右親事帳內府。
On gengxu an edict fixed the Eastern Shaan grand traveling platform's secretariat—from chief and vice directors down to bureau heads and clerks—at the same ranks as the capital, though with fewer posts; the Shandong traveling platform, all governor-general headquarters, and every prefecture were placed under it. In the Yizhou, Xiangzhou, Shandong, Huainan, Hebei, and other circuits, ranks from chief and vice director downward were each lowered one grade below the capital, with still fewer posts. The traveling platform secretariat chief was authorized to appoint officials by imperial commission. Beyond the Prince of Qin and Prince of Qi's household staffs, left and right Six Guard Offices were established, together with left and right Personal Attendant Inner Household Offices.
89
閏月，乙卯，上幸稷州； 己未，幸武功舊墅； 壬戌，獵於好畤； 乙丑，獵於九嵕； 丁卯，獵於仲山； 戊辰，獵於清水谷，遂幸三原； 辛未，幸周氏陂； 壬申，還長安。
In the intercalary month, on yimao, the emperor visited Jizhou; on jiwei, his old villa at Wugong; on renxu, he hunted at Haochi; on yichou, at Jiuyu; on dingmao, at Zhongshan; on wuchen, at Qingshui Valley, then on to Sanyuan; on xinwei, the Zhou clan embankment; on renshen, he returned to Chang'an.
90
十一月，甲申，上祀圜丘。
In the eleventh month, on jiashen, the emperor offered sacrifice at the Round Altar to Heaven.
91
杜伏威使其將王雄誕擊李子通，子通以精兵守獨松嶺。 雄誕遣其裨將陳當將千餘人，乘高據險以逼之，多張旗幟，夜則縛炬火於樹，佈滿山澤。 子通懼，燒營走保杭州； 雄誕追擊之，又敗之於城下。 庚寅，子通窮蹙請降。 伏威執子通並其左僕射樂伯通送長安； 上釋之。
Du Fuwei sent his general Wang Xiongdan against Li Zitong, who barred Dusong Ridge with picked troops. Xiongdan dispatched his lieutenant Chen Dang with a thousand-odd men to take the high ground and choke the passes, pressing in close. They raised banner after banner; by night they lashed torches to the trees until hill and marsh glowed. Zitong panicked, burned his camp, and fled to Hangzhou; Xiongdan chased him down and routed him again beneath the walls. On gengyin, cornered, Zitong sued for surrender. Fuwei took Zitong and his Left Vice Director Yue Botong in custody and sent them to Chang'an; The emperor set them free.
92
先是，汪華據黟、歙，稱王十餘年。 雄誕還軍擊之，華拒之於新安洞口，甲兵甚銳。 雄誕伏精兵於山谷，帥羸弱數千犯其陳，戰才合，陽不勝，走還營； 華進攻之，不能克，會日暮，引還，伏兵已據其洞口，華不得入，窘迫請降。
Earlier Wang Hua had held Yi and She and styled himself king for more than a decade. Xiongdan wheeled his army about to strike him. Hua barred the Xinan cave mouth with armored troops in hard fighting trim. Xiongdan hid crack troops in the valleys, then led a few thousand weak men against Hua's line. Hardly had the clash begun when he feigned defeat and ran back to camp; Hua pressed the attack but could not break them. At dusk he pulled back—and found the ambush already holding his cave mouth. Shut out and trapped, he surrendered.
93
聞人遂安據昆山，無民屬，伏威使雄誕擊之。 雄誕以昆山險隘，難以力勝，乃單騎造其城下，陳國威靈，示以禍福。 遂安感悅，帥諸將出降。 於是伏威盡有淮南、江東之地，南至嶺，東距海。 雄誕以功除歙州總管，賜爵宜春郡公。
Wenren Sui'an held Kunshan with no people under him. Fuwei sent Xiongdan against him. Kunshan was steep and tight—force alone would not take it. Xiongdan rode in alone to the foot of the walls, spoke of the empire's might, and laid out blessing and ruin. Sui'an was won over and led his officers out to submit. Fuwei now held all Huainan and Jiangdong—south to the mountain ranges, east to the sea. For his service Xiongdan was made governor-general of Shezhou and enfeoffed Duke of Yichun Commandery.
94
壬辰，林州總管劉旻擊劉屳成，大破之。 屳成僅以身免，部落皆降。
On renchen, Linzhou governor-general Liu Min struck Liu Xiancheng and broke him completely. Xiancheng alone escaped with his life; every tribe came over.
95
李靖度嶺，遣使分道招撫諸州，所至皆下。 蕭銑桂州總管李襲志帥所部諸州來降，趙郡王孝恭即以襲志為桂州總管，明年入朝。 以李靖為嶺南撫慰大使，檢校桂州總管，引兵下九十六州，得戶六十餘萬。
Li Jing crossed the ranges and sent envoys by separate roads to win the prefectures over. Wherever they went, cities submitted. Li Xizhi, Xiao Xuan's Guizhou governor-general, brought the prefectures under him to surrender. Prince of Zhao Commandery Li Xiaogong at once made him Guizhou governor-general; the next year he came to court. Li Jing was named Pacification Commissioner of Lingnan and acting Guizhou governor-general. He marched through ninety-six prefectures and registered more than six hundred thousand households.
96
壬寅，劉黑闥陷定州，執總管李玄通，黑闥愛其才，欲以為大將，玄通不可。 故吏有以酒肉饋之者，玄通曰：「諸君哀吾幽辱，幸以酒肉來相開慰，當為諸君一醉。」 酒酣，謂守者曰：「吾能劍舞，願假吾刀。」 守者與之，玄通舞竟，太息曰：「大丈夫受國厚恩，鎮撫方面，不能保全所守，亦何面目視息世間哉！」 即引刀自刺，潰腹而死。 上聞，為之流涕，拜其子伏護為大將。
On renyin, Liu Heita took Dingzhou and captured governor-general Li Xuantong. Heita admired his ability and wanted him for a chief commander; Xuantong would not yield. Former aides brought him wine and meat. Xuantong said, "You pity my shame in captivity and bring wine and meat to comfort me—I ought to drink you under the table." When he was drunk he told his guards, "I can dance with a sword—lend me a blade." They gave him one. When the dance was done he sighed: "A man who has eaten the state's bounty and held a frontier—unable to keep what he was charged to keep—what face has he left to live?" He turned the blade on himself, ripped open his belly, and died. When the emperor heard, he wept and made his son Fuhu a great general.
97
庚戌，杞人周文舉殺刺史王文矩，以城應徐圓朗。
On gengxu, Zhou Wenju of Qi Prefecture killed prefect Wang Wenju and handed the city to Xu Yuanlang.
98
幽州大饑，高開道許以粟賑之。 李藝遣老弱詣開道就食，開道皆厚遇之。 藝喜，於是發民三千人，車數百乘，驢馬千餘匹，往受粟。 開道悉留之，告絕於藝。 復稱燕王，北連突厥，南與劉黑闥相結，引兵攻易州，不克，大掠而去。 又遣其將謝稜詐降於藝，請兵授接，藝出兵應之。 將至懷戎，稜襲擊破之。 開道與突厥連兵數入為寇，恆、定、幽、易咸被其患。
Youzhou was stricken with famine. Gao Kaidao offered grain for relief. Li Yi sent the old and weak to Kaidao to be fed; Kaidao treated them all handsomely. Yi was pleased and sent three thousand people, several hundred carts, and more than a thousand donkeys and horses to collect the grain. Kaidao kept them all and cut Yi off. He styled himself King of Yan again, linked north with the Turks and south with Liu Heita, marched on Yizhou, failed to take it, and withdrew after a great sack. He also sent his general Xie Ling to feign surrender to Yi and ask for troops to join him; Yi marched out to meet the ruse. Near Huairou, Ling fell on them in a surprise attack and smashed them. Kaidao and the Turks raided again and again; Heng, Ding, You, and Yi all suffered.
99
十二月，乙卯，劉黑闥陷冀州，殺刺史麴稜。 黑闥既破淮安王神通，移書趙、魏，故竇建德將卒爭殺唐官吏以應黑闥。 庚申，遣右屯衛大將軍義安王孝常將兵討黑闥。 黑闥將兵數萬進逼宗城，黎州總管李世勣先屯宗城，棄城走保洺州。 甲子，黑闥追擊世勣等，破之，殺步卒五千人，世勣僅以身免。 丙寅，洺州土豪翻城應黑闥。 黑闥築壇於城東南，告天及祭竇建德而後入； 後旬日，引兵攻拔相州，執刺史房晃，右武衛將軍張士貴潰圍走。 黑闥南取黎、衛二州，半歲之間，盡復建德舊境。 又遣使北連突厥，頡利可汗遣俟斤宋邪那帥胡騎從之。 右武衛將軍秦武通、洺州刺史陳君賓、永寧令程名振皆自河北遁歸長安。
In the twelfth month, on yimao, Liu Heita took Jizhou and killed prefect Qu Ling. After Heita broke Prince of Huai'an Shentong, he sent letters through Zhao and Wei; Dou Jiande's old officers and men vied to kill Tang officials and rally to Heita. On gengshen, Right Stationed Guard General Prince of Yi'an Xiaochang was sent with an army against Heita. Heita advanced on Zongcheng with tens of thousands of men. Lizhou governor-general Li Shiji, who had been holding Zongcheng, abandoned it and fled to Mozhou. On jiazi, Heita chased Li Shiji and the rest, broke them, and killed five thousand foot soldiers; Shiji alone got away. On bingyin, Mozhou's local strongmen opened the city to Heita. Heita raised an altar southeast of the city, announced his cause to Heaven, and sacrificed to Dou Jiande before he entered; ten days on he marched on Xiangzhou, took it, and seized prefect Fang Huang; Right Martial Guard General Zhang Shigui broke out and fled. Heita swept south through Li and Wei; within half a year he had restored all of Jiande's old domain. He also sent envoys north to the Turks; Khan Jieli dispatched yabghu Song Xiena at the head of Turkic horse to join him. Right Martial Guard General Qin Wutong, Mozhou prefect Chen Junbin, and Yongning magistrate Cheng Mingzhen all fled Hebei for Chang'an.
100
丁卯，命秦王世民、齊王元吉討黑闥。
On dingmao, Prince of Qin Shimin and Prince of Qi Yuanji were ordered to crush Heita.
101
昆彌遣使內附。 昆彌，即漢之昆明也。 巂州治中吉駐緯通南寧，至其國說之，遂來降。
Kunming sent envoys to submit. Kunming—the Kunming people of Han times. Ji Wei, assistant prefect of Xi Prefecture, traveled through Nanning to their country and won them over; they then submitted.
102
己巳，劉黑闥陷邢州、趙州； 庚午，陷魏州，殺總管潘道毅； 辛未，陷莘州。
On the day jisi, Liu Heita captured Xingzhou and Zhaozhou. On the day gengwu, he took Weizhou and killed regional commander Pan Daoyi. On the day xinwei, he captured Shenzhou.
103
壬申，徙宋王元嘉為徐王。
On the day renshen, Prince Yuanjia of Song was re-designated Prince of Xu.