1
資治通鑑第190卷卷第一百九十
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 190.
2
【唐紀六】起玄黓敦牂，盡閼逢涒灘五月，凡二年有奇。
[Tang Records 6] This section runs from the year Xuanhei Dunzhang through the fifth month of Yanfeng Youtan—a span of a little more than two years.
3
春，正月，劉黑闥自稱漢東王，改元天造，定都洺州。 以范願為左僕射，董康買為兵部尚書，高雅賢為右領軍； 征王琮為中書令，劉斌為中書侍郎； 竇建德時文武悉復本位。 其設法行政，悉師建德，而攻戰勇決過之。
In the first month of spring, Liu Heita declared himself King of Eastern Han, adopted the era name Tiancao, and made Mozhou his capital. He appointed Fan Yuan as Left Vice Director, Dong Kangmai as Minister of War, and Gao Yaxian as Right Army Inspector; he recalled Wang Cong as Director of the Secretariat and Liu Bin as Vice Director of the Secretariat; and restored all of Dou Jiande's former civil and military officials to their previous ranks. He modeled his laws and administration entirely on Dou Jiande's, but in combat he proved bolder and more decisive than his predecessor.
4
丙戌，同安賊帥殷恭邃以舒州來降。
On bingxu, Yin Gongsui, the rebel leader of Tong'an, surrendered Shuzhou.
5
丁亥，濟州別駕劉伯通執刺史竇務本，以州附徐圓朗。
On dinghai, Liu Botong, vice prefect of Jizhou, arrested Prefect Dou Wuben and handed the prefecture over to Xu Yuanlang.
6
庚寅，東鹽州治中王才藝殺刺史田華，以城應劉黑闥。
On gengyin, Wang Caiyi, chief administrator of Eastern Yanzhou, killed Prefect Tian Hua and opened the city to Liu Heita.
7
秦王世民軍至獲嘉，劉黑闥棄相州，退保洺州。 丙申，世民復取相州，進軍肥鄉，列營洺水之上以逼之。
When Prince Qin Li Shimin's army reached Huojia, Liu Heita abandoned Xiangzhou and fell back to defend Mozhou. On bingshen, Li Shimin retook Xiangzhou, marched on to Feixiang, and encamped along the Mozhui River to hem Liu Heita in.
8
蕭銑既敗，散兵多歸林士弘，軍勢復振。
After Xiao Xian's defeat, many of his scattered troops rallied to Lin Shihong, and his forces grew strong again.
9
己酉，嶺南俚帥楊世略以循、潮二州來降。
On jiyou, Yang Shilue, a Li chieftain in Lingnan, surrendered the prefectures of Xun and Chao.
10
唐使者王義童下泉、睦、建三州。 幽州總管李藝將所部兵數萬會秦王世民討劉黑闥，黑闥聞之，留兵萬人，使范願守洺州，自將兵拒藝。 夜，宿沙河，程名振載鼓六十具，於城西二里堤上急擊之，城中地皆震動。 范願驚懼，馳告黑闥； 黑闥遽還，遣其弟十善與行台張君立將兵一萬擊藝於鼓城。 壬子，戰於徐河，十善、君立大敗，所失亡八千人。
The Tang envoy Wang Yitong brought the three prefectures of Quan, Mu, and Jian under control. Li Yi, regional commander of Youzhou, marched tens of thousands of his men to join Prince Qin in the campaign against Liu Heita. Hearing this, Heita left ten thousand troops under Fan Yuan to hold Mozhou and led his main force out to block Li Yi. That night he camped at Shahe. Cheng Mingzhen hauled sixty drums to a levee two li west of the city and struck them in a furious roll; the ground inside the walls trembled. Panicked, Fan Yuan sent a rider to warn Heita; Heita turned back at once and dispatched his brother Shishan and regional commissioner Zhang Junli with ten thousand men to attack Li Yi at Gucheng. On renzi they fought along the Xu River. Shishan and Junli suffered a crushing defeat and lost eight thousand men.
11
洺水人李去惑據城來降，秦王世民遣彭公王君廓將千五百騎赴之，入城共守。 二月，劉黑闥引兵還攻洺水，癸亥，行至列人，秦王世民使秦叔寶邀擊破之。
Li Quhuo of Mozhui took the city and defected. Prince Qin sent Duke of Peng Wang Junguo with fifteen hundred horsemen to reinforce him, and they entered the city to hold it together. In the second month Liu Heita marched back to besiege Mozhui. On guihai, as he reached Lieren, Prince Qin sent Qin Shubao to ambush and rout him.
12
豫章賊帥張善安以虔、吉等五州來降，拜洪州總管。
Zhang Shan'an, rebel leader of Yuzhang, surrendered five prefectures including Qian and Ji and was appointed regional commander of Hongzhou.
13
戊辰，金鄉人陽孝誠叛徐圓朗，以城來降。
On wuchen, Yang Xiaocheng of Jinxiang turned against Xu Yuanlang and surrendered his city.
14
己巳，秦王世民復取邢州。 辛未，并州人馮伯讓以城來降。
On jisi, Prince Qin retook Xingzhou. On xinwei, Feng Borang of Bingzhou surrendered his city.
15
丙子，李藝取劉黑闥定、欒、廉、趙四州，獲黑闥尚書劉希道，引兵與秦王世民會洺州。
On bingzi, Li Yi seized the four prefectures of Ding, Luan, Lian, and Zhao from Liu Heita, captured Heita's minister Liu Xidao, and marched to join Prince Qin at Mozhou.
16
劉黑闥攻洺水甚急。 城四旁皆有水，廣五十餘步，黑闥於城東北築二甬道以攻之； 世民三引兵救之，黑闥拒之，不得進。 世民恐王君廓不能守，召諸將謀之，李世勣曰：「若甬道達城下，城必不守。」 行軍總管郯勇公羅士信請代君廓守之。 世民乃登城西南高塚，以旗招君廓，君廓帥其徒力戰，潰圍而出。 士信帥左右二百人乘之入城，代君廓固守。 黑闥晝夜急攻，會大雪，救兵不得往，凡八日，丁丑，城陷。 黑闥素聞其勇，欲生之，士信詞色不屈，乃殺之，時年二十。
Liu Heita pressed the siege of Mozhui with ferocious intensity. Water ringed the city on every side, fifty paces wide or more; Heita built two covered approaches from the northeast to assault the walls; three times Li Shimin led relief columns, but Heita held him off and none could get through. Fearing Wang Junguo could not hold the city, Li Shimin called his generals into council. Li Shiji said, "If those approaches reach the wall, the city is lost." Campaign general Duke of Yongluo Luo Shixin volunteered to take Junguo's place in the defense. Li Shimin climbed a mound southwest of the city and waved a banner to summon Junguo. Junguo fought his way out through the encirclement. Luo Shixin charged in with two hundred men at his side, entered the city, and took over the defense from Junguo. Heita assaulted the city day and night without pause. Heavy snow blocked the relief columns. On the eighth day, dingchou, the city fell. Heita had long admired his courage and wanted him alive, but Luo Shixin refused to submit in word or bearing, so Heita had him executed. He was twenty years old.
17
戊寅，汴州總管王要漢攻徐圓朗杞州，拔之，獲其將周文舉。
On wuyin, Wang Yaohan, regional commander of Bianzhou, attacked Xu Yuanlang's Qizhou, captured it, and took his general Zhou Wenju prisoner.
18
庚辰，延州道行軍總管段德操擊梁師都石堡城，師都自將救之； 德操與戰，大破之，師都以十六騎遁去。 上益其兵，使乘勝進攻夏州，克其東城，師都以數百人保西城。 會突厥救至，詔德操引還。
On gengchen, Duan Decao, campaign general on the Yanzhou circuit, attacked Liang Shidu's fortress at Shibao. Shidu marched out in person to relieve it; Duan Decao routed him, and Shidu escaped with only sixteen horsemen. The emperor reinforced his army and ordered him to press on to Xiazhou. He seized the eastern city while Shidu held the western quarter with a few hundred men. Turkic reinforcements then arrived, and the emperor ordered Duan Decao to withdraw.
19
辛巳，秦王世民拔洺水。 三月，世民與李藝營於洺水之南，分兵屯水北。 黑闥數挑戰，世民堅壁不應，別遣奇兵絕其糧道。 壬辰，黑闥以高雅賢為左僕射，軍中高會。 李世勣引兵逼其營，雅賢乘醉，單騎逐之，世勣部將潘毛刺之墜馬； 左右繼至，扶歸，未至營而卒。 甲午，諸將復往逼其營，潘毛為王小胡所擒。 黑闥運糧於冀、貝、滄、瀛諸州，水陸俱進，程名振以千餘人邀之，沉其舟，焚其車。
On xinsi, Prince Qin captured Mozhui. In the third month Li Shimin and Li Yi encamped south of the Mozhui River and posted detachments along the north bank. Heita repeatedly challenged him to battle, but Li Shimin kept his men behind the walls and sent raiding parties to sever the enemy's supply lines. On renchen, Liu Heita named Gao Yaxian Left Vice Director, and the army held a grand banquet. Li Shiji advanced on the enemy camp. Gao Yaxian, drunk, galloped out alone in pursuit. Li Shiji's officer Pan Mao speared him and knocked him from his horse; his escort caught up and helped him back, but he died before reaching camp. On jiawu the generals pressed the camp again, and Wang Xiaohu captured Pan Mao. Liu Heita moved supplies from Ji, Bei, Cang, and Ying by land and water alike. Cheng Mingzhen ambushed the convoy with a thousand men, sank the boats, and burned the wagons.
20
宋州總管盛彥師帥齊州總管王薄攻須昌，征軍糧於潭州； 刺史李義滿與薄有隙，閉倉不與。 及須昌降，彥師收義滿，系齊州獄，詔釋之。 使者未至，義滿憂憤，死獄中。 薄還，過潭州，戊戌夜，義滿兄子武意執薄，殺之； 彥師亦坐死。
Sheng Yanshi, regional commander of Songzhou, joined Qi regional commander Wang Bo in an attack on Xuchang and requisitioned army grain from Tanzhou; but Prefect Li Yiman, who bore a grudge against Wang Bo, shut the granaries and refused. After Xuchang fell, Sheng Yanshi arrested Li Yiman and threw him into the jail at Qi prefecture. An edict then ordered his release. The messenger had not yet arrived when Li Yiman died in prison, consumed by grief and rage. On his way back Wang Bo passed through Tanzhou. On the night of wuxu, Li Yiman's nephew Wuyi seized him and killed him; and Sheng Yanshi was executed as well.
21
上遣使賂突厥頡利可汗，且許結婚。 頡利乃遣漢陽公瑰、鄭元□、長孫順德等還，庚子，復遣使來修好，上亦遣其使者特勒熱寒、阿史那德等還。 并州總管劉世讓屯雁門，頡利與高開道、苑君璋合眾攻之，月餘，乃退。
The emperor sent envoys to bribe the Turkic qaghan Jieli and offered a marriage alliance. Jieli then released Duke of Hanyang Gui, Zheng Yuanshu, Zhangsun Shunde, and the rest. On gengzi he sent envoys again to restore friendly relations, and the emperor in turn sent back the Turkic envoys Teli Rehan, Ashina De, and their party. Liu Shirang, regional commander of Bingzhou, held Yanmen. Jieli joined Gao Kaidao and Yuan Junzhang in a combined assault that lasted more than a month before they withdrew.
22
甲辰，以隋交趾太守丘和為交州總管。 和遣司馬高士廉奉表請入朝，詔許之，遣其子師利迎之。
On jiachen, Qiu He, the former Sui administrator of Jiaozhi, was appointed regional commander of Jiaozhou. Qiu He sent his chief clerk Gao Shilian with a memorial asking to come to court. The emperor assented and dispatched Qiu He's son Shili to escort him.
23
秦王世民與劉黑闥相持六十餘日。 黑闥潛師襲李世勣營，世民引兵掩其後以救之，為黑闥所圍。 尉遲敬德帥壯士犯圍而入，世民與略陽公道宗乘之得出。 道宗，帝之從子也。 世民度黑闥糧盡，必來決戰，乃使人堰洺水上流，謂守吏曰：「待我與賊戰，乃決之。」 丁未，黑闥帥步騎二萬南度洺水，壓唐營而陳。 世民自將精騎擊其騎兵，破之，乘勝蹂其步兵。 黑闥帥眾殊死戰，自午至昏，戰數合，黑闥勢不能支。 王小胡謂黑闥曰：「智力盡矣，宜早亡去。」 遂與黑闥先遁，餘眾不知，猶格戰。 守吏決堰，洺水大至，深丈餘，黑闥眾大潰，斬首萬餘級，溺死數千人，黑闥與范願等二百騎奔突厥，山東悉平。
Prince Qin and Liu Heita faced each other in stalemate for more than sixty days. Heita launched a night attack on Li Shiji's camp. Li Shimin marched to hit the enemy rear in relief and was himself surrounded. Yuchi Jingde led a band of warriors through the encirclement to reach them, and Li Shimin and Duke of Lueyang Li Daozong broke out on their heels. Daozong was the emperor's cousin. Li Shimin reckoned that once Heita's supplies ran out he would force a decisive battle, so he had the upper Mozhui River dammed and told the keepers, "Do not breach the dam until I am fighting the enemy." On dingwei, Liu Heita led twenty thousand foot and horse south across the Mozhui and drew up in battle order hard against the Tang camp. Li Shimin personally led his best cavalry against the enemy horse, broke them, and drove the rout straight through the infantry. Liu Heita's men fought to the death from noon until dusk in several fierce clashes, but his line could no longer hold. Wang Xiaohu told Heita, "We have spent our last strength—you should flee while you can." He and Heita slipped away first. The rest of the army did not know and kept fighting. The keepers breached the dam, and the Mozhui rose more than ten feet deep. Liu Heita's army collapsed. More than ten thousand heads were taken and several thousand men drowned. Heita fled to the Turks with Fan Yuan and two hundred horsemen, and all of Shandong was pacified.
24
高開道寇易州，殺刺史慕容孝幹。
Gao Kaidao raided Yizhou and killed Prefect Murong Xiaogan.
25
夏，四月，己未，隋鴻臚卿寧長真以寧越、鬱林之地請降於李靖，交、愛之道始通； 以長真為欽州總管。
In summer, the fourth month, on jiwei, the former Sui director of guests Ning Changzhen offered to surrender the territories of Ningyue and Yulin to Li Jing, opening the routes to Jiao and Aizhou for the first time; and Ning Changzhen was appointed regional commander of Qinzhou.
26
以夔州總管趙郡王孝恭為荊州總管。
Prince of Zhao Commandery Li Xiaogong, regional commander of Kuizhou, was transferred to regional commander of Jingzhou.
27
徐圓朗聞劉黑闥敗，大懼，不知所出。 河間人劉復禮說圓朗曰：「有劉世徹者，其人才略不世出，名高東夏，且有非常之相，真帝王之器。 將軍若自立，恐終無成； 若迎世徹而奉之，天下指揮可定。」 圓朗然之，使復禮迎世徹於浚儀。 或說圓朗曰：「將軍為人所惑，欲迎劉世徹而奉之，世徹若得志，將軍豈有全地乎！ 僕不敢遠引前古，將軍獨不見翟讓之於李密乎？」 圓朗復以為然。 世徹至，已有眾數千人，頓於城外，以待圓朗出迎； 圓朗不出，使人召之。 世徹知事變，欲亡走，恐不免，乃入謁； 圓朗悉奪其兵，以為司馬，使徇譙、杞二州。 東人素聞其名，所向皆下，圓朗遂殺之。
When Xu Yuanlang heard of Liu Heita's defeat, he was terrified and could see no way forward. Liu Fuli of Hejian urged Yuanlang, "There is a man named Liu Shiche whose talent is unmatched in this age, whose fame towers across the eastern lands, and who bears the look of something greater than an ordinary man—truly material for an emperor. If you proclaim yourself ruler, I fear you will never succeed; but if you welcome Liu Shiche and set him at the head, the realm could be won at a wave of the hand." Xu Yuanlang agreed and sent Liu Fuli to bring Liu Shiche from Junyi. Someone else warned Yuanlang, "You have been led astray. If Liu Shiche rises to power, what place will be left for you? I need not reach back to distant antiquity—have you forgotten what became of Zhai Rang once Li Mi took charge?" Xu Yuanlang was persuaded once more. When Liu Shiche arrived he already had several thousand followers and camped outside the walls, waiting for Xu Yuanlang to come out and welcome him; Xu Yuanlang stayed inside and sent men to summon him in. Liu Shiche sensed the trap and thought of fleeing, but fearing he could not escape, he went in to pay his respects; Xu Yuanlang stripped him of his troops, named him chief of staff, and sent him to subdue Qiao and Qi prefectures. His fame had long preceded him in the east, and every place he marched on submitted—so Xu Yuanlang had him killed.
28
秦王世民自河北引兵將擊圓朗，會上召之，使馳傳入朝，乃以兵屬齊王元吉。 庚申，世民至長安，上迎之於長樂。 世民具陳取圓朗形勢，上復遣之詣黎陽，會大軍趨濟陰。
Prince Qin was marching from Hebei to attack Xu Yuanlang when the emperor recalled him by urgent dispatch to court and handed the army over to Prince of Qi Li Yuanji. On gengshen, Li Shimin reached Chang'an, and the emperor received him at Changle. Li Shimin laid out the plan for taking Xu Yuanlang in full, and the emperor sent him back to Liyang to join the main force advancing on Jiyin.
29
丁卯，廢山東行台。
On dingmao, the Eastern Shandong regional headquarters was abolished.
30
壬申，代州總管定襄王李大恩為突厥所殺。 先是，大恩奏稱突厥饑饉，馬邑可取，詔殿內少監獨孤晟將兵與大恩共擊苑郡璋，期以二月會馬邑； 失期不至，大恩不能獨進，頓兵新城。 頡利可汗遣數萬騎與劉黑闥共圍大恩，上遣右驍衛大將軍李高遷救之。 未至，大恩糧盡，夜遁，突厥邀之，眾潰而死，上惜之。 獨孤晟坐減死徙邊。
On renshen, Li Daen, Prince of Dingxiang and regional commander of Daizhou, was killed by the Turks. Earlier Li Daen had reported that famine had weakened the Turks and that Mayi could be taken. The emperor ordered palace vice director Dugu Sheng to join him in an attack on Yuan Junzhang, with a rendezvous at Mayi in the second month; Dugu Sheng missed the rendezvous, and Li Daen, unable to advance alone, halted at Xincheng. Qaghan Jieli sent tens of thousands of horsemen with Liu Heita to besiege Li Daen. The emperor dispatched Right Valiant Cavalry General Li Gaoqian to relieve him. Relief had not arrived when Li Daen's supplies ran out. He broke out by night, was intercepted by the Turks, and perished when his force collapsed. The emperor mourned the loss. Dugu Sheng's sentence was commuted from death to exile on the frontier.
31
丙子，行台民部尚書史萬寶攻徐圓朗陳州，拔之。
On bingzi, Shi Wanbao, minister of the household on the regional staff, attacked Xu Yuanlang's Chenzhou and captured it.
32
戊寅，廣州賊帥鄧文進、隋合浦太守寧宣、日南太守李晙並來降。
On wuyin, Deng Wenjin, rebel leader of Guangzhou, together with the former Sui administrators of Hepu and Rinan, Ning Xuan and Li Jun, all surrendered.
33
五月，庚寅，瓜州士豪王幹斬賀拔行威以降，瓜州平。
In the fifth month, on gengyin, Wang Gan, a local magnate of Guazhou, killed Heba Xingwei and submitted. Guazhou was brought to order.
34
突厥寇忻州，李高遷擊破之。
Turkic forces raided Xinzhou, and Li Gaoqian routed them.
35
六月，辛亥，劉黑闥引突厥寇山東，詔燕郡王李藝擊之。
In the sixth month, on xinhai, Liu Heita brought Turkic allies to raid Shandong. The emperor ordered Li Yi, Prince of Yann Commandery, to repel the invasion.
36
癸丑，吐谷渾寇洮、旭、疊三州，岷州總管李長卿擊破之。
On guichou, the Tuyuhun raided Tao, Xu, and Die prefectures. Li Changqing, regional commander of Minzhou, drove them back.
37
乙卯，遣淮安王神通擊徐圓朗。
On yimao, Prince of Huai'an Li Shentong was sent to attack Xu Yuanlang.
38
丁卯，劉黑闥引突厥寇定州。
On dingmao, Liu Heita again raided Dingzhou with Turkic support.
39
秋，七月，甲申，為秦王世民營弘義宮，使居之。 世民擊徐圓朗，下十餘城，聲震淮、泗，杜伏威懼，請入朝。 世民以淮、濟之間略定，使淮安王神通、行軍總管任瑰、李世勣攻圓朗； 乙酉，班師。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiashen, Hongyi Palace was built for Prince Qin Li Shimin, and he took up residence there. Li Shimin attacked Xu Yuanlang, seized more than ten cities, and his renown shook the Huai and Si region. Du Fuwei, unnerved, petitioned to come to court. With the Huai and Ji corridor largely secured, Li Shimin left Prince of Huai'an Li Shentong, campaign general Ren Gui, and Li Shiji to continue the campaign against Yuanlang; On yiyou, he marched the main army home.
40
丁亥，杜伏威入朝，延升御榻，拜太子太保，仍兼行台尚書令，留長安，位在齊王元吉上，以寵異之。 以闞稜為左領軍將軍。 李子通謂樂伯通曰：「伏威既來，江東未定，我往收舊兵，可以立大功。」 遂相與亡至藍田關，為吏所獲，俱伏誅。
On dinghai, Du Fuwei arrived at court. The emperor seated him on the imperial couch, made him Grand Mentor of the Crown Prince while retaining his post as director of the secretariat on the mobile commandery staff, and kept him in Chang'an with precedence above Prince of Qi Li Yuanji—a mark of extraordinary favor. Kan Ling was appointed general of the Left Elite Guard. Li Zitong said to Le Botong, "With Fuwei at court, the east of the Yangtze is still unsettled. If I go back and rally our old soldiers, we could win a great victory." They fled together toward Lantian Pass, were captured by the authorities, and both were executed.
41
劉黑闥至定州，其故將曹湛、董康買亡命在鮮虞，復聚兵應之。 甲午，以淮陽王道玄為河北道行軍總管以討之。
When Liu Heita reached Dingzhou, his former generals Cao Zhan and Dong Kangmai, hiding out at Xianyu, rallied their forces to join him again. On jiawu, Prince of Huaiyang Li Daoxuan was appointed campaign general on the Hebei circuit and sent to suppress him.
42
丙申，遷州人鄧士政執刺史李敬昂以反。
On bingshen, Deng Shizheng of Qianzhou seized the prefect, Li Jing'ang, and rose in revolt.
43
丁酉，隋漢陽太守馮盎承李靖檄，帥所部來降，以其地為高、羅、春、白、崖、儋、林、振八州，以盎為高州總管，封耿國公。 先是，或說盎曰：「唐始定中原，未能及遠，公所領二十餘州地，已廣於趙佗，宜自稱南越王。」 盎曰：「吾家居此五世矣，為牧伯者不出吾門，富貴極矣。 常懼不克負荷，為先人羞，敢效趙佗自王一方乎！」 遂來降。 於是嶺南悉平。
On dingyou, Feng Ang, Sui-era administrator of Hanyang, answered Li Jing's summons and submitted with his forces. His territories were organized into eight prefectures—Gao, Luo, Chun, Bai, Ya, Dan, Lin, and Zhen. He was appointed regional commander of Gaozhou and enfeoffed as Duke of Geng. Earlier someone had urged Feng Ang: "The Tang has only just pacified the heartland and cannot yet reach this far. Your territory of more than twenty prefectures is already larger than Zhao Tuo's domain. You should proclaim yourself King of Southern Yue." Feng Ang replied, "My family has lived here for five generations. Every regional lord has come from our house. We have already reached the summit of wealth and honor. I have always feared I would fail to live up to that legacy and disgrace our ancestors. How could I imitate Zhao Tuo and set myself up as a regional king!" So he submitted to the Tang. With that, Lingnan was fully brought under control.
44
八月，辛亥，以洺、荊、交、并、幽五州為大總管府。
In the eighth month, on xinhai, Ming, Jing, Jiao, Bing, and You were made grand regional headquarters.
45
改葬隋煬帝於揚州雷塘。
Emperor Yang of the Sui was reburied at Leitang in Yangzhou.
46
甲戌，吐谷渾寇岷州，敗總管李長卿。 詔益州行台右僕射竇軌、渭州刺史且洛生救之。
On jiaxu, the Tuyuhun raided Minzhou and defeated Li Changqing, regional commander of the circuit. The emperor ordered Dou Gui, right vice director on the Yizhou mobile staff, and Qieluosheng, prefect of Weizhou, to relieve him.
47
乙卯，突厥頡利可汗寇邊，遣左武衛將軍段德操、雲州總管李子和將兵拒之。 子和本姓郭，以討劉黑闥有功，賜姓。 丙辰，頡利十五萬騎入雁門，己未，寇并州，別遣兵寇原州； 庚申，命太子出幽州道，秦王世民出秦州道以御之。 李子和趨雲中，掩擊可汗，段德操趨夏州，邀其歸路。
On yimao, the Turkic qaghan Jieli raided the frontier. Duan Decao, general of the Left Martial Guard, and Li Zihe, regional commander of Yunzhou, were sent with troops to oppose him. Li Zihe's original surname was Guo; he was granted the imperial surname Li for his service against Liu Heita. On bingchen, Jieli entered Yanmen with 150,000 horsemen. On jiwei he struck Bingzhou and sent a separate column against Yuanzhou. On gengshen, the crown prince was ordered out along the Youzhou corridor and Prince Qin Li Shimin along the Qinzhou corridor to meet the invasion. Li Zihe rushed toward Yunzhong to strike the qaghan by surprise while Duan Decao drove toward Xiazhou to block the retreat.
48
辛酉，上謂群臣曰：「突厥入寇而復求和，和與戰孰利？」 太常卿鄭元璹曰：「戰則怨深，不如和利。」 中書令封德彝曰：「突厥恃犬羊之眾，有輕中國之意，若不戰而和，示之以弱，明年將復來。 臣愚以為不如擊之，既勝而後與和，則恩威兼著矣。」 上從之。
On xinyou, the emperor asked his ministers, "The Turks have invaded and are now suing for peace. Which course serves us better—peace or war?" Zheng Yuansu, minister of ceremonies, said, "War will only deepen their resentment. Peace is the better course." Grand councilor Feng Deyi said, "The Turks rely on sheer numbers and hold China in contempt. If we make peace without fighting, we show weakness and they will be back next year. I believe we should fight. Once we have won, peace will display both magnanimity and power." The emperor agreed.
49
己巳，并州大總管襄邑王神符破突厥於汾東； 汾州刺史蕭顗破突厥，斬首五千餘級。
On jisi, Shen Fu, Prince of Xiangyi and grand regional commander of Bingzhou, defeated the Turks east of the Fen. Xiao Yi, prefect of Fenzhou, routed the Turks and took more than five thousand heads.
50
吐谷渾陷洮州，遣武州刺史賀拔亮御之。
The Tuyuhun took Taozhou. Heluo Liang, prefect of Wuzhou, was sent to drive them back.
51
丙子，突厥寇廉州； 戊寅，陷大震關。 上遣鄭元璹詣頡利。 是時，突厥精騎數十萬，自介休至晉州，數百里間，填溢山谷。 元璹見頡利，責以負約，與相辨詰，頡利頗慚。 元璹因說頡利曰：「唐與突厥，風俗不同，突厥雖得唐地，不能居也。 今虜掠所得，皆入國人，於可汗何有？ 不如旋師，復修和親，可無跋涉之勞，坐受金幣，又皆入可汗府庫，孰與棄昆弟積年之歡，而結子孫無窮之怨乎！」 頡利悅，引兵還。 元璹自義寧以來，五使突厥，幾死者數焉。
On bingzi, the Turks raided Lianzhou; On wuyin, they seized Dazhen Pass. The emperor sent Zheng Yuansu to negotiate with Jieli. At the time, several hundred thousand Turkic cavalry stretched from Jiexiu to Jinzhou, filling the valleys for hundreds of li. Zheng Yuansu confronted Jieli, accusing him of breaking their agreements. As they debated, Jieli was visibly abashed. Zheng Yuansu then pressed his case: "Tang and the Turks live by different customs. Even if you take Tang land, you cannot hold it. Everything you loot goes to your followers. What does it profit you? Withdraw now, renew the marriage alliance, and you can avoid this march, receive gold and silk while it all flows into your treasury. Is that not better than throwing away years of brotherly goodwill and bequeathing endless hatred to your descendants?" Jieli was persuaded and marched his army home. Since the Yining era, Zheng Yuansu had been envoy to the Turks five times and had nearly lost his life on several occasions.
52
九月，癸巳，交州刺史權士通、弘州總管宇文歆、靈州總管楊師道擊突厥於三觀山，破之。 乙未，太子班師。 丙申，宇文歆邀突厥於崇崗鎮，大破之，斬首千餘級。 壬寅，定州總管雙士洛等擊突厥於恆山之南，丙午，領軍將軍安興貴擊突厥於甘州，皆破之。
In the ninth month, on guisi, Quan Shitong of Jiaozhou, Yuwen Xin of Hong circuit, and Yang Shidao of Ling circuit defeated the Turks at Sanguan Mountain. On yiwei, the crown prince withdrew his army. On bingshen, Yuwen Xin intercepted the Turks at Chonggang and routed them, taking more than a thousand heads. On renyin, Shuang Shiluo and others defeated the Turks south of Mount Heng. On bingwu, General-in-Chief An Xinggui routed them at Ganzhou.
53
劉黑闥陷瀛州，殺刺史馬匡武。 鹽州人馬君德以城叛附黑闥。
Liu Heita took Yingzhou and killed its prefect, Ma Kuangwu. Ma Junde of Yanzhou surrendered the city and defected to Heita.
54
高開道寇蠡州。
Gao Kaidao raided Lizhou.
55
冬，十月，己酉，詔齊王元吉討劉黑闥於山東。 壬子，以元吉為領軍大將軍、并州大總管。 癸丑，貝州刺史許善護與黑闥弟十善戰於鄃縣，善護全軍皆沒。 甲寅，右武候將軍桑顯和擊黑闥於晏城，破之。 觀州刺史劉會以城叛附黑闥。
In the tenth month of winter, on jiyou, Prince of Qi Li Yuanji was ordered to campaign against Liu Heita in Shandong. On renzi, Li Yuanji was appointed grand general-in-chief and grand regional commander of Bingzhou. On guichou, Xu Shanhu, prefect of Beizhou, fought Heita's brother Shishan at Shuxian. Xu Shanhu's entire force was wiped out. On jiayin, Sang Xianhe, general of the Right Martial Guard, defeated Liu Heita at Yancheng. Liu Hui, prefect of Guanzhou, surrendered his city to Heita.
56
契丹寇北平。
The Khitan raided Beiping.
57
甲子，以秦王世民領左、右十二衛大將軍。
On jiazi, Prince Qin Li Shimin was made grand general of the Left and Right Twelve Guards.
58
乙丑，行軍總管淮陽壯王道玄與劉黑闥戰於下博，軍敗，為黑闥所殺。 時道玄將兵三萬，與副將史萬寶不協； 道玄帥輕騎先出犯陳，使萬寶將大軍繼之。 萬寶擁兵不進，謂所親曰：「我奉手敕雲，淮陽小兒，軍事皆委老夫。 今王輕脫妄進，若與之俱，必同敗沒，不如以王餌賊，王敗，賊必爭進，我堅陳以待之，破之必矣。」 由是道玄獨進敗沒。 萬寶勒兵將戰，士卒皆無鬥志，軍遂大潰，萬寶逃歸。 道玄數從秦王世民征伐，死時年十九，世民深惜之，謂人曰：「道玄常從吾征伐，見吾深入賊陳，心慕效之，以至於此。」 為之流涕。 世民自起兵以來，前後數十戰，常身先士卒，輕騎深入，雖屢危殆而未嘗為矢刃所傷。
On yichou, Prince of Huaiyang Li Daoxuan fought Liu Heita at Xiabo. His army was defeated and Heita killed him. Daoxuan commanded thirty thousand men but was at odds with his deputy, Shi Wanbao; Daoxuan led his light cavalry forward to engage the enemy and ordered Wanbao to follow with the main force. Wanbao held his troops back and told his confidants, "I have a personal edict saying that this boy from Huaiyang is nominal commander only—the real authority is mine. The prince is reckless. If I go with him we will both be destroyed. Better to let him be bait. When he falls, the enemy will rush forward in pursuit. I will hold a solid line and crush them." Daoxuan advanced alone and was cut down. Wanbao tried to bring his men into battle, but they had lost all will to fight. The army broke and fled, and Wanbao escaped. Li Daoxuan had fought beside Prince Qin on many campaigns. He was nineteen when he died. Li Shimin grieved deeply and said, "Daoxuan had seen me charge deep into enemy lines and wanted to do the same. That is how this happened." He wept openly for him. Since raising his army, Li Shimin had fought dozens of battles, always leading from the front and riding deep into enemy lines. He had been in grave danger many times but had never been struck by arrow or blade.
59
林士弘遣其弟鄱陽王藥師攻循州，刺史楊略與戰，斬之，其將王戎以南昌州降。 士弘懼，己巳，請降。 尋復走保安成山洞，袁州人相聚應之； 洪州總管若干則遣兵擊破之。 會士弘死，其眾遂散。
Lin Shihong sent his brother, Prince of Poyang Yaoshi, to attack Xunzhou. Prefect Yang Lue fought and killed him. His general Wang Rong then surrendered Nanchang. Lin Shihong, unnerved, submitted on jisi. He soon fled again to the caves at Baocheng Mountain, where people of Yuanzhou rallied to him; Moze Jiang, regional commander of Hongzhou, sent troops and crushed the uprising. Lin Shihong then died, and his followers scattered.
60
淮陽王道玄之敗也，山東震駭，洺州總管廬江王瑗棄城西走，州縣皆叛附於劉黑闥，旬日間，黑闥盡復故地，乙亥，進據洺州。 十一月，庚辰，滄州刺史程大買為黑闥所迫，棄城走。 齊王元吉畏黑闥兵強，不敢進。
When Li Daoxuan was defeated, Shandong was shaken. Prince of Lujiang Wang Yuan, regional commander of Mingzhou, abandoned the city and fled west. Prefectures and counties defected to Liu Heita. Within ten days Heita had recovered his old domain, and on yihai he took Mingzhou. In the eleventh month, on gengchen, Cheng Daimai, prefect of Cangzhou, forced by Heita, abandoned the city and fled. Prince of Qi Li Yuanji, intimidated by Heita's strength, refused to advance.
61
上之起兵晉陽也，皆秦王世民之謀，上謂世民曰：「若事成，則天下皆汝所致，當以汝為太子。」 世民拜且辭。 及為唐王，將佐亦請以世民為世子，上將立之，世民固辭而止。 太子建成，性寬簡，喜酒色游畋； 齊王元吉，多過失； 皆無寵於上。 世民功名日盛，上常有意以代建成，建成內不自安，乃與元吉協謀，共傾世民，各引樹黨友。
When the emperor raised his banner at Jinyang, the plan had been Li Shimin's. The emperor told him, "If we succeed, the realm will be yours. You shall be crown prince." Li Shimin bowed and declined the offer. When Li Yuan became King of Tang, his officers also pressed for Li Shimin as heir. The emperor was ready to name him, but Li Shimin refused again and the matter rested. Crown Prince Li Jiancheng was easygoing by nature, fond of wine, women, and the hunt; Prince of Qi Li Yuanji was prone to misconduct; Neither enjoyed the emperor's favor. Li Shimin's fame and achievements grew daily, and the emperor often thought of replacing Jiancheng with him. Jiancheng grew uneasy and conspired with Yuanji to bring Shimin down, each building a faction of allies.
62
上晚年多內寵，小王且二十人，其母競交結諸長子以自固。 建成與元吉曲意事諸妃嬪，諂諛賂遺，無所不至，以求媚於上。 或言蒸於張婕妤、尹德妃，宮禁深秘，莫能明也。 是時，東宮、諸王公、妃主之家及後宮親戚橫長安中，恣為非法，有司不敢詰。 世民居承乾殿，元吉居武德殿後院，與上台、東宮晝夜通行，無復禁限。 太子、二王出入上台，皆乘馬、攜弓刀雜物，相遇如家人禮。 太子令、秦、齊王教與詔敕並行，有司莫知所從，唯據得之先後為定。 世民獨不奉事諸妃嬪，諸妃嬪爭譽建成、元吉而短世民。
In his later years the emperor favored many consorts. He had nearly twenty younger sons, and their mothers competed to ally with the elder princes for protection. Jiancheng and Yuanji courted the consorts with flattery and lavish gifts, doing whatever it took to win the emperor's affection. Some said they had illicit relations with Lady Zhang and Lady Yin. The inner palace was too closely guarded for anyone to confirm it. At the time, the Eastern Palace, the princes, imperial princesses' households, and consorts' relatives ran roughshod over Chang'an, breaking the law at will while officials dared not intervene. Li Shimin lived in Chengqian Hall and Li Yuanji in the rear court of Wude Hall. They came and went to the main palace and Eastern Palace day and night without restriction. The crown prince and the two princes entered the main palace on horseback, bearing bows, blades, and all manner of gear, and greeted one another with the ease of family. Orders from the crown prince, directives from the Princes of Qin and Qi, and imperial edicts all circulated at once. Officials had no way to know which took precedence and could only obey whichever arrived first. Li Shimin alone refused to court the consorts. They in turn praised Jiancheng and Yuanji at every turn and slandered Li Shimin.
63
世民平洛陽，上使貴妃等數人詣洛陽選閱隋宮人及收府庫珍物。 貴妃等私從世民求寶貨及為其親屬求官，世民曰：「寶貨皆已籍奏，官當授賢才有功者。」 皆不許，由是益怨。 世民以淮安王神通有功，給田數十頃。 張婕妤之父因婕妤求之於上，上手敕賜之，神通以教給在先，不與。 婕妤訴於上曰：「敕賜妾父田，秦王奪之以與神通。」 上遂發怒，責世民曰：「我手敕不如汝教邪！」 他日，謂左僕射裴寂曰：「此兒久典兵在外，為書生所教，非復昔日子也。」 尹德妃父阿鼠驕橫，秦王府屬杜如晦過其門，阿鼠家童數人曳如晦墜馬，毆之，折一指，曰：「汝何人，敢過我門而不下馬！」 阿鼠恐世民訴於上，先使德妃奏云：「秦王左右陵暴妾家。」 上復怒責世民曰：「我妃嬪家猶為汝左右所陵，況小民乎！」 世民深自辯析，上終不信。
After Li Shimin took Luoyang, the emperor sent several high-ranking consorts to select Sui palace women and claim treasures from the storehouses. The consorts privately asked Li Shimin for treasures and for appointments for their relatives. He replied, "The treasures have all been inventoried and reported to the throne. Offices belong to the worthy and the meritorious." He refused every request, and their resentment deepened. Li Shimin rewarded Prince of Huai'an Li Shengtong for his service with several dozen qing of farmland. Lady Zhang Jieyu's father asked the emperor through her for the land; the emperor issued a personal edict granting it. Shengtong refused, saying his own order to award the tract had come first. Lady Jieyu complained to the emperor: "You granted my father that land by edict, but Prince Qin took it and gave it to Shengtong." The emperor flew into a rage and scolded Li Shimin: "So my own hand-edict counts for less than one of your orders!" On another occasion he told left vice director Pei Ji, "That boy has commanded armies in the field for years and now listens to every word his scholar-advisers whisper. He is not the son I once knew." Yin Defei's father Ashu was insufferably arrogant. When Du Ruhui, an officer of Prince Qin's household, rode past his gate, several of Ashu's servants yanked him from his saddle, beat him, and broke a finger. "Who do you think you are," they shouted, "riding past my gate without dismounting!" Fearing Li Shimin would appeal to the emperor, Ashu had Consort Defei report first: "Prince Qin's attendants have been bullying my family." The emperor turned on Li Shimin in anger: "If even my consorts' families are bullied by your men, what hope is there for ordinary people!" Li Shimin defended himself at length, but the emperor would not believe him.
64
世民每侍宴宮中，對諸妃嬪，思太穆皇后早終，不得見上有天下，或歔欷流涕，上顧之不樂。 諸妃嬪因密共譖世民曰：「海內幸無事，陛下春秋高，唯宜相娛樂，而秦王每獨涕泣，正是憎疾妾等。 陛下萬歲後，妾母子必不為秦王所容，無孑遺矣！」 因相與泣，且曰：「皇太子仁孝，陛下以妾母子屬之，必能保全。」 上為之愴然。 由是無易太子意，待世民浸疏，而建成、元吉日親矣。
At palace banquets, seated among the Emperor's consorts, Shimin would sometimes remember that Empress Taimu had died too soon to see her husband win the empire—and he would sigh and weep. The sight displeased the Emperor. The consorts whispered together in secret to slander him: "The realm is at last at peace and Your Majesty's years are many—you ought to be enjoying yourself. Yet the Prince of Qin weeps by himself at every feast. He plainly despises us. When Your Majesty is gone, we and our sons will never survive under the Prince of Qin—not one of us will be left alive!" They wept together and went on: "The Crown Prince is kind and dutiful. Entrust us to him, and he will surely keep us safe." The Emperor was deeply moved. From that point he abandoned any thought of changing the heir, grew steadily colder toward Shimin, and drew Jiancheng and Yuanji closer day by day.
65
太子中允王珪、洗馬魏徵說太子曰：「秦王功蓋天下，中外歸心； 殿下但以年長位居東宮，無大功以鎮服海內。 今劉黑闥散亡之餘，眾不滿萬，資糧匱乏，以大軍臨之，勢如拉朽，殿下宜自擊之以取功名，因結納山東豪傑，庶可自安。」 太子乃請行於上，上許之。 珪，頍之兄子也。 甲申，詔太子建成將兵討黑闥，其陝東道大行台及山東道行軍元帥、河南、河北諸州並受建成處分，得以便宜從事。
Crown Prince Attendant Wang Gui and Palace Aide Wei Zheng urged the Crown Prince: "The Prince of Qin's deeds outshine everyone under heaven, and the realm's loyalty runs to him. Your Highness holds the Eastern Palace only because you are the elder son—you have no great victory to command the realm's respect. Liu Heita's broken army now numbers fewer than ten thousand men and his stores are empty. A major force sent against him would snap his resistance like rotten timber. Your Highness should take the field yourself, win glory in battle, and win over the great families of the east—that is how you may secure your own position." The Crown Prince asked the Emperor for leave to campaign, and the Emperor granted it. Wang Gui was a nephew of Wang Zhi. On jiashen the Emperor ordered Crown Prince Jiancheng to take command against Liu Heita. The Eastern Shaanxi Grand Secretariat, the Shandong campaign headquarters, and every prefecture in Henan and Hebei were placed under his authority, with full power to act as he saw fit.
66
乙酉，封宗室略陽公道宗等十八人為郡王。 道宗，道玄從父弟也，為靈州總管，梁師都遣弟洛兒引突厥數萬圍之，道宗乘間出擊，大破之。 突厥與師都連結，遣其郁射設入居故五原，道宗逐出之，斥地千餘里。 上以道宗武干如魏任城王彰，乃立為任城郡王。
On yiyou eighteen members of the imperial clan, including Prince of Lueyang Li Dao Zong, were enfeoffed as princes of commanderies. Dao Zong was a younger cousin of Li Dao Xuan. While serving as regional commander of Lingzhou, he was besieged by tens of thousands of Turks led by Liang Shidu's brother Luo'er. Dao Zong found an opening, sallied out, and crushed them. The Turks joined forces with Shidu and sent their Yueshe she to occupy the old territory of Wuyuan. Dao Zong expelled them and extended Tang control more than a thousand li. The Emperor judged Dao Zong's martial prowess equal to that of Cao Zhang, Prince of Rencheng of Wei, and enfeoffed him as Prince of Rencheng commandery.
67
丙申，上幸宜州。
On bingshen the Emperor traveled to Yizhou.
68
己亥，齊王元吉遣兵擊劉十善於魏州，破之。
On jihai Prince of Qi Li Yuanji sent troops against Liu Shishan at Weizhou and routed him.
69
癸卯，上校獵於富平。
On guimao the Emperor held a hunting expedition at Fuping.
70
劉黑闥擁兵而南，自相州以北州縣皆附之，唯魏州總管田留安勒兵拒守。 黑闥攻之，不下，引兵南拔元城，復還攻之。
Liu Heita marched south at the head of his army. From Xiangzhou northward, prefecture after prefecture and county after county went over to him—only Tian Liu'an, regional commander of Weizhou, gathered his forces and held firm. Heita attacked but could not take the city. He marched south, captured Yuancheng, then turned back to besiege Weizhou once more.
71
十二月，庚戌，立宗室孝友等八人為郡王。 孝友，神通之子也。
In the twelfth month, on gengxu, eight members of the imperial clan, including Li Xiaoyou, were enfeoffed as princes of commanderies. Xiaoyou was the son of Li Shengtong.
72
丙辰，上校獵於華池。
On bingchen the Emperor held a hunting expedition at Huachi.
73
戊午，劉黑闥陷恆州，殺刺史王公政。
On wuwu Liu Heita captured Hengzhou and executed Prefect Wang Gongzheng.
74
庚申，車駕至長安。
On gengshen the Emperor returned to Chang'an.
75
癸亥，幽州大總管李藝復廉、定二州。
On guihai Li Yi, grand regional commander of Youzhou, recaptured the prefectures of Lian and Ding.
76
甲子，田留安擊劉黑闥，破之，獲其莘州刺史孟柱，降將卒六千人。 是時，山東豪傑多殺長吏以應黑闥，上下相猜，人益離怨； 留安待吏民獨坦然無疑，白事者無問親疏，皆聽直入臥內，每謂吏民曰：「吾與爾曹俱為國御賊，固宜同心協力，必欲棄順從逆者，但自斬吾首去。」 吏民皆相戒曰：「田公推至誠以待人，當共竭死力報之，必不可負。」 有苑竹林者，本黑闥之黨，潛有異志。 留安知之，不發其事，引置左右，委以管鑰； 竹林感激，遂更歸心，卒收其用。 以功進封道國公。
On jiazi Tian Liu'an struck Liu Heita, routed his army, captured Heita's prefect of Shenzhou Meng Zhu, and accepted the surrender of six thousand officers and men. At that time many of the great families of the east were killing their magistrates to rally to Heita. Distrust ran between officials and people, and resentment only spread. Liu'an alone treated officials and commoners with unguarded trust. Petitioners, whether friend or stranger, were admitted straight into his bedchamber. He told them again and again: "We are all fighting for the realm against these bandits and ought to stand as one. If any of you mean to turn rebel, then take my head first." Officials and commoners warned one another: "Lord Tian meets us with perfect sincerity. We must repay him with our lives—not one of us may betray him." One Yuan Zhulin, formerly a follower of Heita, secretly nursed other ambitions. Liu'an knew of it but said nothing. He drew Zhulin close, kept him at his side, and entrusted him with the keys to the gates. Deeply moved, Zhulin gave Liu'an his full loyalty and in the end proved invaluable. For his service he was promoted and enfeoffed as Duke of Daoguo.
77
乙丑，并州刺史成仁重擊范願，破之。
On yichou Cheng Renzhong, governor of Bingzhou, attacked Fan Yuan and defeated him.
78
劉黑闥攻魏州未下，太子建成、齊王元吉大軍至昌樂，黑闥引兵拒之，再陳，皆不戰而罷。 魏徵言於太子曰：「前破黑闥，其將帥皆懸名處死，妻子系虜； 故齊王之來，雖有詔書赦其黨與之罪，皆莫之信。 今宜悉解其囚俘，慰諭遣之，則可坐視其離散矣！」 太子從之。 黑闥食盡，眾多亡，或縛其渠帥以降。 黑闥恐城中兵出，與大軍表裡擊之，遂夜遁。 至館陶，永濟橋未成，不得度。 壬申，太子、齊王以大軍至，黑闥使王小胡背水而陳，自視作橋成，即過橋西，眾遂大潰，捨仗來降。 大軍度橋追黑闥，度者才千餘騎，橋壞，由是黑闥得與數百騎亡去。
Liu Heita was still besieging Weizhou without success when Crown Prince Jiancheng and Prince of Qi Yuanji arrived at Changle with a great army. Heita drew up his troops to meet them. Twice the two sides formed for battle, and twice they withdrew without fighting. Wei Zheng told the Crown Prince: "When Heita was beaten before, his commanders were all sentenced to death by name, and their wives and children were taken prisoner. That is why, when the Prince of Qi arrived with an edict pardoning Heita's followers, none of them believed it. Release every prisoner now, reassure them, and send them home—then you can simply watch Heita's forces melt away!" The Crown Prince took his advice. Heita's food ran out. Many of his men deserted, and some even bound their own commanders and surrendered. Fearing that the garrison would sally out and crush him between city and field army, Heita fled under cover of night. At Guantao he found the Yongji Bridge still unfinished and could not get across. On renshen the Crown Prince and Prince of Qi arrived with the main army. Heita had Wang Xiaohu draw up his men with the river at their backs, planning to cross west as soon as the bridge was finished—but his army suddenly broke apart, casting down their weapons and surrendering. The main army crossed the bridge in pursuit, but only a little over a thousand horsemen had made it across when the bridge gave way—allowing Heita to escape with a few hundred riders.
79
上以隋末戰士多沒於高麗，是歲，賜高麗王建武書，使悉遣還； 亦使州縣索高麗人在中土者，遣歸其國。 建武奉詔，遣還中國民前後以萬數。
Because so many soldiers of the late Sui had died in Goguryeo, that year the Emperor wrote to King Gwangmu of Goguryeo demanding the return of all who remained there; he also ordered prefectures and counties to find Goguryeo subjects living in the Central Plains and send them back to their country. Gwangmu obeyed, and over time sent back Chinese subjects numbering in the tens of thousands.
80
春，正月，己卯，劉黑闥所署饒州刺史諸葛德威執黑闥，舉城降。 時太子遣騎將劉弘基追黑闥，黑闥為官軍所迫，奔走不得休息，至饒陽，從者才百餘人，餒甚。 德威出迎，延黑闥入城，黑闥不可； 德威涕泣固請，黑闥乃從之。 至城旁市中憩止，德威饋之食； 食未畢，德威勒兵執之，送詣太子，並其弟十善斬於洺州。 黑闥臨刑歎曰：「我幸在家鉏菜，為高雅賢罪所誤至此！」
In spring, in the first month, on jimao Zhuge Dewei, the prefect of Raozhou appointed by Liu Heita, seized Heita and surrendered the city. The Crown Prince had sent cavalry general Liu Hongji in pursuit. Harried by government troops and unable to rest, Heita reached Raoyang with barely a hundred men left and was starving. Dewei came out to meet him and urged him to enter the city, but Heita would not. Dewei wept and pleaded until Heita at last consented. They halted in the market outside the walls, and Dewei brought them food. Before they had finished eating, Dewei called up his troops, seized Heita, and sent him to the Crown Prince. He and his brother Shishan were beheaded at Mozhou. Facing execution, Heita sighed: "I was content hoeing vegetables at home—Gao Yaxian's folly is what brought me to this!"
81
壬午，巂州人王摩沙舉兵，自稱元帥，改元進通； 遣驃騎將軍衛彥討之。
On renwu Wang Mosha of Qizhou raised an army, proclaimed himself commander-in-chief, and adopted the era name Jintong; The Emperor sent General of Agile Cavalry Wei Yan to suppress him.
82
庚子，以吳王杜伏威為太保。
On gengzi Du Fuwei, Prince of Wu, was appointed Grand Mentor.
83
二月，庚戌，上幸驪山溫湯； 甲寅，還宮。
In the second month, on gengxu, the Emperor visited the hot springs at Mount Li; On jiayin he returned to the palace.
84
平陽昭公主薨。 戊午，葬公主。 詔加前後部鼓吹、班劍四十人，武賁甲卒。 太常奏：「禮，婦人無鼓吹。」 上曰：「鼓吹，軍樂也。 公主親執金鼓，興義兵以輔成大業，豈與常婦人比乎！」
Princess Zhao of Pingyang died. On wuwu the princess was buried. An edict granted her funeral honors of front and rear military bands, forty ceremonial sword-bearers, and armored Tiger Guard soldiers. The Minister of Ceremonies objected: "By ritual, no woman is granted military bands." The Emperor replied: "Military bands are the music of war. The princess herself took up drum and gong and raised righteous troops to help win the empire—how can she be compared to ordinary women!"
85
丙寅，徐圓朗窮蹙，與數騎棄城走，為野人所殺，其地悉平。
On bingyin Xu Yuanlang, driven to desperation, abandoned his city with a few horsemen and was killed by villagers. His territory was fully pacified.
86
林邑王梵志遣使入貢。 初，隋人破林邑，分其地為三郡。 及中原喪亂，林邑復國，至是始入貢。
King Fan Zhi of Linyi sent envoys to pay tribute at court. Earlier, when the Sui had conquered Linyi, they divided its territory into three commanderies. When the Central Plains fell into chaos, Linyi restored its kingdom. Only now did it send tribute again.
87
幽州總管李藝請入朝； 庚午，以藝為左翊衛大將軍。
Li Yi, regional commander of Youzhou, asked leave to come to court; On gengwu he was appointed Grand General of the Left Wing Guard.
88
廢參旗等十二軍。
The twelve armies, including Canqi, were abolished.
89
三月，癸未，高開道掠文安、魯城，驃騎將軍平善政邀擊，破之。
In the third month, on guiwei, Gao Kaidao raided Wen'an and Lucheng. General of Agile Cavalry Ping Shanzheng intercepted him and routed his force.
90
庚子，梁師都將賀遂、索同以所部十二州來降。
On gengzi Liang Shidu's generals He Sui and Suo Tong surrendered the twelve prefectures under their command.
91
乙巳，前洪州總管張善安反，遣舒州總管張鎮周等擊之。
On yisi former regional commander Zhang Shan'an rebelled. The Emperor sent Zhang Zhenzhou, regional commander of Shuzhou, and others against him.
92
夏，四月，吐谷渾寇芳州，刺史房當樹奔松州。
In summer, in the fourth month, Tuyuhun raided Fangzhou. Prefect Fang Dangshu fled to Songzhou.
93
張善安陷孫州，執總管王戎而去。 乙丑，鄜州道行軍總管段德操擊梁師都，至夏州，俘其民畜而還。
Zhang Shan'an captured Sunzhou and took regional commander Wang Rong away as his prisoner. On yichou Duan Decao, campaign commander of the Fuzhou circuit, attacked Liang Shidu, reached Xizhou, seized its people and livestock, and withdrew.
94
丙寅，吐谷渾寇洮、岷二州。
On bingyin Tuyuhun raided the prefectures of Tao and Min.
95
丁卯，南州刺史龐孝恭、南越州民寧道明、高州首領馮暄俱反，陷南越州，進攻姜州； 合州刺史寧純引兵救之。
On dingmao Prefect Pang Xiaogong of Nanzhou, the commoner Ning Daoming of Nanyuezhou, and the chieftain Feng Xuan of Gaozhou all rebelled together, captured Nanyuezhou, and advanced against Jiangzhou; Ning Chun, prefect of Hezhou, led troops to the relief.
96
壬申，立皇子元軌為蜀王、鳳為豳王、元慶為漢王。
On renshen the princes Yuan Gui, Feng, and Yuanqing were enfeoffed as Princes of Shu, Bin, and Han respectively.
97
癸酉，以裴寂為左僕射，蕭瑀為右僕射，楊恭仁為吏部尚書兼中書令，封德彝為中書令。
On guiyou Pei Ji was made Left Censor-in-Chief, Xiao Yu Right Censor-in-Chief, Yang Gongren Minister of Personnel and concurrent Director of the Secretariat, and Feng Deyi Director of the Secretariat.
98
五月，庚辰，遣岐州刺史柴紹救岷州。
In the fifth month, on gengchen the Emperor sent Chai Shao, governor of Qizhou, to relieve Minzhou.
99
庚寅，吐谷渾及党項寇河州，刺史盧士良擊破之。
On gengyin Tuyuhun and the Tangut raided Hezhou. Prefect Lu Shiliang defeated them.
100
丙申，梁師都將辛獠兒引突厥寇林州。
On bingshen Liang Shidu's general Xin Laor led Turks in a raid on Linzhou.
101
戊戌，苑君彰將高滿政寇代州，驃騎將軍李寶言擊走之。
On wuxu Gao Manzheng, a general under Yuan Junzhang, raided Daizhou. General of Agile Cavalry Li Baoyan drove him off.
102
癸卯，高開道引奚騎寇幽州，長史王詵擊破之。 劉黑闥之叛也，突地稽引兵助唐，徙其部落於幽州之昌平城； 高開道引突厥寇幽州，突地稽將兵邀擊，破之。
On guimao, Gao Kaidao led Xi horsemen against Youzhou; the chief administrator Wang Shen defeated and drove them off. During Liu Heita's rebellion, Tudu Ji had marched to aid the Tang and resettled his people at Changping, near Youzhou; when Gao Kaidao led Turks against Youzhou, Tudu Ji intercepted him with his troops and broke his force.
103
六月，戊午，高滿政以馬邑來降。 先是，前并州總管劉世讓除廣州總管，將之官，上問以備邊之策，世讓對曰：「突厥比數為寇，良以馬邑為之中頓故也。 請以勇將戍崞城，多貯金帛，募有降者厚賞之，數出騎兵掠其城下，蹂其禾稼，敗其生業，不出歲餘，彼無所食，必降矣。」 上然其計，曰：「非公，誰為勇將！」 即命世讓戍崞城，馬邑病之。 是時，馬邑人多不願屬突厥，上復遣人招諭苑君璋。 高滿政說君璋盡殺突厥戍兵降唐，君璋不從。 滿政因眾心所欲，夜襲君璋，君璋覺之，亡奔突厥，滿政殺君璋之子及突厥戍兵二百人而降。
In the sixth month, on wuwu, Gao Manzheng surrendered Mayi to the Tang. Earlier, Liu Shirang, the former military governor of Bingzhou, had been appointed governor of Guangzhou and was preparing to take up his post when the Emperor asked him how best to secure the frontier. Shirang answered: "The Turks raid us again and again chiefly because Mayi is their midway supply base. Send a bold commander to hold Gao City, stockpile gold and silk, richly reward anyone who defects, and send cavalry out often to harry the countryside below their walls—trampling crops and ruining their livelihood. In little more than a year they will have nothing to eat and must surrender. The Emperor approved the plan and said: "If not you, who else could fill that role! He at once ordered Shirang to garrison Gao City—a move that alarmed Mayi. By then many in Mayi no longer wished to remain under Turk rule, and the Emperor again sent envoys to win over Yuan Junzhang. Gao Manzheng urged Junzhang to slaughter the Turk garrison and surrender to the Tang, but Junzhang refused. Riding the tide of popular sentiment, Manzheng attacked Junzhang by night. Junzhang discovered the plot and fled to the Turks. Manzheng killed Junzhang's son and two hundred Turk garrison troops, then surrendered to the Tang."
104
壬戌，梁師都以突厥寇匡州。
On renxu, Liang Shidu led Turk forces against Kuang Prefecture.
105
丁卯，苑君璋與突厥吐屯設寇馬邑，高滿政與戰，破之。 以滿政為朔州總管，封榮國公。
On dingmao, Yuan Junzhang joined the Turk commander Tutun She in an attack on Mayi; Gao Manzheng met them in battle and routed them. Gao Manzheng was made military governor of Shuozhou and enfeoffed as Duke of Rong.
106
瓜州總管賀若懷廣按部至沙州，值州人張護、李通反，懷廣以數百人保子城； 涼州總管楊恭仁遣兵救之，為護等所敗。
Heluo Huaiguang, military governor of Guazhou, was on an inspection tour in Shazhou when Zhang Hu and Li Tong of that prefecture rose in revolt. Huaiguang held the inner citadel with a few hundred men; Yang Gongren, military governor of Liangzhou, sent a relief force, but Zhang Hu and his followers defeated it.
107
癸酉，柴紹與吐谷渾戰，為其所圍，虜乘高射之，矢下如雨。 紹遣人彈胡琵琶，二女子對舞。 虜怪之，駐弓矢相與聚觀，紹察其無備，潛遣精騎出虜陳後，擊之，虜眾大潰。
On guiyou, Chai Shao clashed with the Tuyuhun and was hemmed in. The enemy, holding the heights, rained arrows down upon him. Chai Shao ordered a musician to play the pipa while two women danced in paired formation. The Tuyuhun, astonished, lowered their bows and crowded forward to watch. Chai Shao saw his opening and quietly sent picked horsemen around behind the enemy line. When they struck, the Tuyuhun army broke and fled in disorder.
108
秋，七月，丙子，苑君璋以突厥寇馬邑，右武候大將軍李高遷及高滿政御之，戰於臘河谷，破之。 張護、李通殺賀若懷廣，立汝州別駕竇伏明為主，進逼瓜州； 長史趙孝倫擊卻之。
In autumn, the seventh month, on bingzi, Yuan Junzhang led Turks against Mayi. Li Gaoqian, grand general of the Right Wuhou Guard, and Gao Manzheng met them at Lagu River and put them to flight. Zhang Hu and Li Tong killed Heluo Huaiguang, set up Dou Fuming, vice prefect of Ru Prefecture, as their leader, and marched on Guazhou; Chief Administrator Zhao Xiaolun attacked and drove them back.
109
高開道掠赤岸鎮及靈壽、九門、行唐三縣而去。
Gao Kaidao raided Chi'an Fort and the counties of Lingshou, Jiumen, and Xingtang, then withdrew.
110
丁丑，崗州刺史馮士翽據新會反，廣州總管劉感討降之，使復其位。
On dingchou, Feng Shirong, prefect of Gangzhou, seized Xinhui and rebelled. Liu Gan, military governor of Guangzhou, suppressed him, accepted his surrender, and restored him to office.
111
辛巳，高開道所部弘陽、統漢二鎮來降。
On xinsi, the Hongyang and Tonghan garrisons under Gao Kaidao surrendered.
112
癸未，突厥寇原州； 乙酉，寇朔州。 李高遷為虜所敗，行軍總管尉遲敬德將兵救之。 巳亥，遣太子將兵屯北邊，秦王世民屯并州，以備突厥。 八月，甲辰，突厥寇真州，又寇馬邑。
On guwei, the Turks raided Yuan Prefecture; On yiyou, they raided Shuozhou. Li Gaoqian was beaten by the enemy; Mobile-Campaign General Yuchi Jingde marched to his relief. On sihai, the Crown Prince was ordered north with an army; Prince Qin Li Shimin took up position at Bingzhou to guard against the Turks. In the eighth month, on jiachen, the Turks struck Zhen Prefecture and Mayi.
113
壬子，淮南道行台僕射輔公祏反。 初，杜伏威與公祏相友善，公祏年長，伏威兄事之，軍中謂之伯父，畏敬與伏威等。 伏威浸忌之，乃署其養子闞稜為左將軍，王雄誕為右將軍，潛奪其兵權。 公祏知之，怏怏不平，與其故人左遊仙陽為學道辟谷以自晦。 及伏威入朝，留公祏守丹楊，令雄誕典兵為之副，陰謂雄誕曰：「吾至長安，苟不失職，勿令公祏為變。」 伏威既行，左遊仙說公祏謀反； 而雄誕握兵，公祏不得發。 乃詐稱得伏威書，疑雄誕有貳心，雄誕聞之不悅，稱疾不視事； 公祏因奪其兵，使其黨西門君儀諭以反計。 雄誕始寤而悔之，曰：「今天下方平定，吳王又在京師，大唐兵威，所向無敵，奈何無故自求族滅乎！ 雄誕有死而已，不敢聞命。 今從公為逆，不過延百日之命耳，大丈夫安能愛斯須之死，而自陷於不義乎！」 公祏知不可屈，縊殺之。 雄誕善撫士卒，得其死力，又約束嚴整，每破城邑，秋毫無犯。 死之日，江南軍中及民間皆為之流涕。 公祏又詐稱伏威不得還江南，貽書令其起兵，大修鎧仗，運糧儲。 尋稱帝於丹楊，國號宋，修陳故宮室而居之。 署置百官，以左遊仙為兵部尚書、東南道大使、越州總管，與張善安連兵，以善安為西南道大行台。
On renzi, Fu Gongshi, vice director of the Huainan circuit executive office, rose in rebellion. Du Fuwei and Fu Gongshi had long been close. Gongshi was the elder; Fuwei treated him as an elder brother, and in camp he was called "Uncle," held in the same awe as Fuwei himself. Fuwei gradually came to distrust him. He appointed his adopted son Kan Ling as left general and Wang Xiongdan as right general, quietly stripping Gongshi of command. Gongshi knew it and brooded in sullen resentment. With his old friend Zuo Youxian he pretended to pursue the Way and practice grain abstention, keeping himself out of sight. When Fuwei went to the capital, he left Gongshi to hold Danyang and put Wang Xiongdan in charge of the army as his deputy, telling him in private: "Once I reach Chang'an, if I keep my post, do not let Gongshi make trouble. After Fuwei had left, Zuo Youxian urged Gongshi to rebel; but with Xiongdan holding the army, Gongshi could not move. Gongshi then forged a letter purportedly from Fuwei accusing Xiongdan of disloyalty. Xiongdan, hearing of it, took offense and pleaded illness, refusing to command; Gongshi seized his troops and sent his follower Ximen Junyi to lay the rebellion plan before him. Only then did Xiongdan see what was happening, and he repented, saying: "The realm has only just been pacified, the Prince of Wu is in the capital, and Tang arms are irresistible—why court the annihilation of your house for nothing! I, Xiongdan, have only my death to give; I cannot obey you. Even if I followed you, I would buy no more than another hundred days. What man worthy of the name would cling to a few breaths of life and throw himself into treason! Knowing he could not be moved, Gongshi had him strangled. Xiongdan had a gift for winning soldiers' hearts and commanded their utmost devotion. His discipline was severe; whenever he took a city, not the smallest thing was touched. When he died, soldiers across Jiangnan and the people alike wept for him. Gongshi spread word that Fuwei could not return to Jiangnan, forged a letter calling up the army, and set about repairing armor and stockpiling grain on a large scale. Before long he declared himself emperor at Danyang, named his state Song, restored the old Chen palace, and moved in. He set up a full court, made Zuo Youxian minister of war, grand envoy of the southeast circuit, and governor of Yue Prefecture, joined forces with Zhang Shan'an, and appointed Shan'an grand executive of the southwest circuit."
114
己未，突厥寇原州。
On jiwei, the Turks raided Yuan Prefecture.
115
乙丑，詔襄州道行台僕射趙郡王孝恭以舟師趣江州，嶺南道大使李靖以交、廣、泉、桂之眾趣宣州，懷州總管黃君漢出譙、亳，齊州總管李世勣出淮、泗，以討輔公祏。 孝恭將發，與諸將宴集，命取水，忽變為血，在坐皆失色，孝恭舉止自若，曰：「此乃公祏授首之征也！」 飲而盡之，眾皆悅服。
On yichou, an edict dispatched Prince Xiaogong of Zhao Commandery, vice director of the Xiangzhou circuit executive office, with a fleet toward Jiang Prefecture; Li Jing, envoy of the Lingnan circuit, with troops from Jiao, Guang, Quan, and Gui toward Xuan Prefecture; Huang Junhan, governor of Huaizhou, from Qiao and Bo; and Li Shiji, governor of Qizhou, from the Huai and Si—all to suppress Fu Gongshi. As Li Xiaogong was about to set out, he feasted his generals and called for water; it suddenly turned to blood. Every man at the table blanched, but Xiaogong was unperturbed and said: "This is the sign that Gongshi will lose his head! He drank it down at a gulp, and the company was reassured.
116
丙寅，吐谷渾內附。
On bingyin, the Tuyuhun submitted to the Tang court.
117
辛未，突厥陷原州之善和鎮； 癸酉，又寇渭州。
On xinwei, the Turks took Shanhe Fort in Yuan Prefecture; on guiyou they raided Wei Prefecture.
118
高開道以奚侵幽州，州兵擊卻之。
Gao Kaidao led Xi forces against Youzhou; the local garrison drove them off.
119
九月，丙子，太子班師。
In the ninth month, on bingzi, the Crown Prince withdrew his army.
120
戊子，輔公祏遣其將徐紹宗寇海州，陳政通寇壽陽。 邛州獠反，遣沛公鄭元□討之。
On wuzi, Fu Gongshi sent Xu Shaozong against Haizhou and Chen Zhengtong against Shouyang. The Liao of Qiong Prefecture rebelled; the Emperor sent Duke of Pei Zheng Yuan□ to put them down.
121
庚寅，突厥寇幽州。
On gengyin, the Turks raided Youzhou.
122
壬辰，詔以秦王世民為江州道行軍元帥。
On renchen, an edict made Prince Qin Li Shimin supreme commander of the Jiangzhou circuit campaign.
123
乙未，竇伏明以沙州降。
On yiwei, Dou Fuming surrendered Shazhou.
124
高昌王麴伯雅卒，子文泰立。
Qu Boya, king of Gaochang, died; his son Wenshu succeeded him.
125
丙申，渝州人張大智反，刺史薛敬仁棄城走。
On bingshen, Zhang Dazhi of Yu Prefecture rebelled; Prefect Xue Jingren abandoned the city and fled.
126
壬寅，高開道引突厥二萬騎寇幽州。
On renyin, Gao Kaidao led twenty thousand Turk horsemen against Youzhou.
127
突厥惡弘農公劉世讓為己患，遣其臣曹般阤來，言世讓與可汗通謀，欲為亂，上信之。 冬，十月，丙午，殺世讓，籍其家。
The Turks hated Liu Shirang, Duke of Hongnong, as a threat and sent their minister Cao Banduo to claim that Shirang was conspiring with the qaghan to rebel. The Emperor believed him. In winter, the tenth month, on bingwu, Liu Shirang was executed and his property confiscated.
128
秦王世民猶在并州，己未，詔世民引軍還。
Prince Qin Li Shimin was still at Bingzhou when, on jiwei, an edict ordered him to withdraw.
129
上幸華陰。
The Emperor traveled to Huayin.
130
張大智侵涪州，刺史田世康等討之，大智以眾降。
Zhang Dazhi raided Fu Prefecture; Prefect Tian Shikang and others attacked him, and Dazhi surrendered with his force.
131
初，上遣右武候大將軍李高遷助朔州總管高滿政守馬邑，苑君璋引突厥萬餘騎至城下，滿政擊破之。 頡利可汗怒，大發兵攻馬邑。 高遷懼，帥所部二千人斬關宵遁，虜邀之，失亡者半。 頡利自帥眾攻城，滿政出兵御之，或一日戰十餘合。 上命行軍總管劉世讓救之，至松子嶺，不敢進，還保崞城。 會頡利遣使求婚，上曰：「釋馬邑之圍，乃可議婚。」 頡利慾解兵，義成公主固請攻之。 頡利以高開道善為攻具，召開道，與之攻馬邑甚急。 頡利誘滿政使降，滿政罵之。 糧且盡，救兵未至，滿政欲潰圍走朔州，右虞候杜士遠以虜兵盛，恐不免，壬戌，殺滿政降於突厥，苑君璋復殺城中豪傑與滿政同謀者三十餘人。 上以滿政子玄積為上柱國，襲爵。 丁卯，突厥復請和親，以馬邑歸唐； 上以將軍秦武通為朔州總管。
Earlier the Emperor had sent Li Gaoqian, grand general of the Right Wuhou Guard, to help Gao Manzheng, governor of Shuozhou, hold Mayi. Yuan Junzhang brought more than ten thousand Turk horsemen to the walls; Manzheng beat them off. Qaghan Jieli was furious and raised a great army to besiege Mayi. Terrified, Gaoqian broke out at night with his two thousand men. The Turks cut off their retreat; half his force was lost. Jieli himself led the siege. Manzheng sallied forth to meet him; some days they fought more than ten times. The Emperor ordered Liu Shirang, mobile-campaign general, to relieve the city. At Songzi Ridge he halted and would not go forward, falling back to hold Gao City. At that moment Jieli sent envoys to propose a marriage alliance. The Emperor replied: "Raise the siege of Mayi, and then we may speak of marriage. Jieli was inclined to withdraw, but Princess Yicheng pressed him hard to continue the assault. Knowing Gao Kaidao's skill with siege engines, Jieli summoned him and together they pressed the attack on Mayi with terrible force. Jieli tried to win Manzheng over; Manzheng cursed him. Grain was running out and no relief came. Manzheng planned to break out toward Shuozhou. Du Shiyuan, right yuhou, fearing that with the enemy so strong escape was impossible, on renxu killed Manzheng and surrendered to the Turks. Yuan Junzhang then executed more than thirty leading men in the city who had plotted with him. The Emperor made Manzheng's son Xuanji a supreme pillar of state, allowing him to inherit the title. On dingmao, the Turks again sought peace by marriage and restored Mayi to the Tang; the Emperor appointed General Qin Wutong military governor of Shuozhou.
132
突厥數為邊患，并州大總管府長史竇靜表請於太原置屯田，以省饋運； 議者以為煩擾，不許。 靜切論不已，敕征靜入朝，使與裴寂、蕭瑀、封德彝相論難於上前，寂等不能屈，乃從靜議，歲收數千斛，上善之，命檢校并州大總管。 靜，抗之子也。 十一月，辛巳，秦王世民復請增置屯田於并州之境，從之。
With the Turks raiding the frontier again and again, Dou Jing, chief secretary of the Bingzhou grand inspectorate, memorialized to establish military colonies at Taiyuan and cut supply transport; critics called the plan too disruptive, and it was rejected. Dou Jing pressed his case relentlessly. The Emperor summoned him to court and had him debate Pei Ji, Xiao Yu, and Feng Deyi before the throne. None could overcome his arguments, and the plan was adopted; each year several thousand hu of grain were harvested. The Emperor was pleased and made him acting grand inspector of Bingzhou. Dou Jing was the son of Dou Kang. In the eleventh month, on xinsi, Prince Qin Li Shimin again asked to expand military colonies in Bingzhou; the request was granted.
133
黃州總管周法明將兵擊輔公祏，張善安據夏口，拒之。 法明屯荊口鎮，壬午，法明登戰艦飲酒，善安遣刺客數人詐乘魚鰈而至，見者不以為虞，遂殺法明而去。
Zhou Faming, military governor of Huang Prefecture, marched against Fu Gongshi. Zhang Shan'an held Xiakou and barred his way. Faming encamped at Jingkou Fort. On renwu he went aboard a warship to drink. Shan'an sent several assassins disguised in boats laden with salted fish; no one thought anything of it, and they killed Faming and slipped away.
134
甲申，舒州總管張鎮周等擊輔公祏將陳當世於猷州之黃沙，大破之。
On jiashen, Zhang Zhenzhou, military governor of Shu Prefecture, and others defeated Fu Gongshi's general Chen Dangshi at Huangsha in You Prefecture.
135
丁亥，上校獵於華陰。 己丑，迎勞秦王世民於忠武頓。
On dinghai, the Emperor held a hunting review at Huayin. On jichou, he went to Zhongwu Post to welcome Prince Qin Li Shimin.
136
十二月，癸卯，安撫使李大亮誘張善安，執之。 大亮擊善安於洪州，與善安隔水而陳，遙相與語。 大亮諭以禍福，善安曰：「善安初無反心，正為將士所誤； 欲降又恐不免。」 大亮曰：「張總管有降心，則與我一家耳。」 因單騎渡水入其陳，與善安執手共語，示無猜間。 善安大悅，遂許之降。 既而善安將數十騎詣大亮營，大亮止其騎於門外，引善安入，與語，久之，善安辭去，大亮命武士執之，從騎皆走。 善安營中聞之，大怒，悉眾而來，將攻大亮。 大亮使人諭之曰：「吾不留總管。 總管赤心歸國，謂我曰：『若還營，恐將士或有異同，為其所制。』 故自留不去耳，卿輩何怒於我！」 其黨復大罵曰：「張總管賣我以自媚於人。」 遂皆潰去。 大亮追擊，多所虜獲。 送善安於長安，善安自稱不與輔公祏交通，上赦其罪，善遇之； 及公祏敗，得所與往還書，乃殺之。
In the twelfth month, on guimao, pacification commissioner Li Daliang lured Zhang Shannan into his hands and arrested him. Daliang pressed Shannan at Hongzhou. They encamped on opposite banks and called back and forth across the river. Daliang laid out the stakes. Shannan replied, "I never meant to rebel in the first place—my officers and men led me astray; I want to submit, but I am afraid I will not escape punishment." Daliang said, "If Commandant Zhang is ready to surrender, then he and I are on the same side." He then rode across the river alone into the enemy camp, took Shannan's hand, and spoke with him openly to show he had no mistrust. Shannan was delighted and agreed to submit. Soon Shannan rode to Daliang's camp with several dozen men. Daliang kept the escort outside the gate and led Shannan in to talk. After a long conversation Shannan rose to leave—but Daliang ordered his guards to seize him, and the horsemen fled. When Shannan's troops learned what had happened, they flew into a rage, mustered their full strength, and marched to attack Daliang. Daliang sent a messenger to explain: "I am not holding the Commandant against his will. The Commandant is returning to the Tang in good faith and told me, 'If I go back to camp, my men may not all agree, and I will be at their mercy.' That is why he chose to stay here himself—why are you furious with me!" His men cried out in outrage: "Commandant Zhang has sold us out to win favor with the Tang!" With that they all broke up and scattered. Daliang gave chase and took many prisoners and spoils. Daliang sent Shannan to Chang'an. Shannan insisted he had never colluded with Fu Gongshi, and the emperor pardoned him and treated him kindly; but when Gongshi fell, letters exchanged between them came to light, and the emperor had him executed.
137
甲寅，車駕至長安。
On jiayin the Emperor entered Chang'an.
138
己巳，突厥寇定州，州兵擊走之。
On jisi Turks raided Dingzhou; local forces beat them back.
139
庚申，白簡、白狗羌並遣使入貢。
On gengshen the Baijian and Baigou Qiang sent envoys bearing tribute.
140
春，正月，依周、齊舊制，每州置大中正一人，掌知州內人物，品量望第，以本州門望高者領之，無品秩。
In the first month of spring, following the old Zhou and Qi practice, the court appointed one Chief Rectifier in each prefecture to assess the standing and pedigree of local families. The post went to men of the highest local prestige and carried no official rank.
141
壬午，趙郡王孝恭擊輔公祏別將於樅陽，破之。
On renwu Prince of Zhao Commandery Li Xiaogong defeated a lieutenant of Fu Gongshi at Zongyang.
142
庚寅，鄒州人鄧同穎殺刺史李士衡反。
On gengyin Deng Tongying of Zouzhou killed Prefect Li Shiheng and rose in rebellion.
143
丙申，以白狗等羌地置維、恭二州。
On bingshen the court created the prefectures of Wei and Gong from Baigou Qiang territory.
144
二月，辛丑，輔公祏遣兵圍猷州，刺史左難當嬰城自守。 安撫使李大亮引兵擊公祏，破之。 趙郡王孝恭攻公祏鵲頭鎮，拔之。
In the second month, on xinchou, Fu Gongshi sent troops to besiege Youzhou; Prefect Zuo Nandang locked the gates and held out. Pacification Commissioner Li Daliang marched against Gongshi and routed him. Prince of Zhao Commandery Li Xiaogong captured Gongshi's Queshi garrison.
145
丁未，高麗王建武遣使來請班歷。 遣使冊建武為遼東郡王、高麗王； 以百濟王夫餘璋為帶方郡王，新羅王金真平為樂浪郡王。
On dingwei King Jianwu of Goryeo sent envoys asking to receive the Tang calendar. The court sent envoys to invest Jianwu as Prince of Liaodong Commandery and King of Goryeo; Buyeo Jang of Baekje was named Prince of Daifang Commandery, and Kim Jeongpyeong of Silla was named Prince of Lelang Commandery.
146
始州獠反，遣行台僕射竇軌討之。
The Liao of Shizhou rose in revolt, and the court sent Regional Secretariat Vice Director Dou Gui to suppress them.
147
己酉，詔：「諸州有明一經以上未仕者，鹹以名聞； 州縣及鄉皆置學。」
On jiyou an edict declared: "In every prefecture, report the names of all men who have mastered at least one Classic but have not yet entered office; and establish schools in every prefecture, county, and township."
148
壬子，行軍副總管權文誕破輔公祏之黨於猷州，拔其枚洄等四鎮。
On renzi Deputy Campaign Commander Quan Wengan defeated Fu Gongshi's forces at Youzhou and captured four garrisons, including Meihui.
149
丁巳，上幸國子學，釋奠； 詔諸王公子弟各就學。
On dingsi the Emperor visited the Imperial Academy and offered libations to Confucius; and ordered all princes' sons and younger brothers to enroll in school.
150
戊午，改大總管為大都督府。
On wuwu the court renamed Great Regional Commanders as Grand Area Commander Headquarters.
151
己未，高開道將張金樹殺開道來降。 開道見天下皆定，欲降，自以數反覆，不敢； 且恃突厥之眾，遂無降意。 其將卒皆山東人，思鄉里，咸有離心。 開道選勇敢士數百，謂之假子，常直閣內，使金樹領之。 故劉黑闥將張君立亡在開道所，與金樹密謀取開道。 金樹遣其黨數人入閣內，與假子遊戲，向夕，潛斷其弓弦，藏刀槊於床下，合暝，抱之趨出，金樹帥其黨大噪，攻開道閣，假子將御之，而弓弦皆絕，刀槊已失，爭出降； 君立亦舉火於外與相應，內外惶擾。 開道知不免，乃擐甲持兵坐堂上，與妻妾奏樂酣飲，眾憚其勇，不敢逼。 天且明，開道縊妻妾及諸子，乃自殺。 金樹陳兵，悉收假子斬之，並殺君立，死者五百餘人。 遣使來降，詔以其地置媯州。 壬戌，以金樹為北燕州都督。
On jiwei Gao Kaidao's general Zhang Jinshu killed Kaidao and submitted to the Tang. Kaidao saw the realm at peace and wanted to surrender, but having switched allegiance so many times, he did not dare; moreover he counted on Turkic support, and so put surrender out of his mind. His officers and soldiers were all men from Shandong, homesick and restless, and all nursed thoughts of leaving. Kaidao picked several hundred brave warriors, called them his foster sons, and kept them on constant guard inside his pavilion under Jinshu's command. Zhang Junli, a former general of Liu Heita who had taken refuge with Kaidao, secretly plotted with Jinshu to kill him. Jinshu sent several of his men into the pavilion to play with the foster sons. Toward evening they secretly cut the bowstrings and hid blades and spears under the beds. At dusk they seized the foster sons and rushed out. Jinshu led his followers in a great clamor and stormed Kaidao's pavilion. The foster sons tried to fight back, but their bowstrings were all cut and their weapons gone; they scrambled out to surrender; Junli also lit fires outside in concert, and panic spread within and without. Knowing he could not escape, Kaidao donned armor, took up his weapons, and sat in the hall drinking heavily while his wives and concubines played music. The men feared his ferocity and did not dare close in. As dawn neared, Kaidao strangled his wives, concubines, and sons, then killed himself. Jinshu deployed his troops, rounded up all the foster sons and beheaded them, and killed Junli as well; more than five hundred died. He sent envoys to surrender, and an edict established his territory as Gui Prefecture. On renxu Jinshu was appointed Area Commander of Beiyan Prefecture.
152
戊辰，洋、集二州獠反，陷隆州晉城。
On wuchen the Liao of Yang and Ji prefectures rebelled and captured Jincheng in Longzhou.
153
是月，太保吳王杜伏威薨。 輔公祏之反也，詐稱伏威之命以紿其眾。 及公祏平，趙郡王孝恭不知其詐，以狀聞； 詔追除伏威名，籍沒其妻子。 及太宗即位，知其冤，赦之，復其官爵。
That month Grand Preceptor Prince Wu Du Fuwei died. When Fu Gongshi rebelled, he falsely claimed to be acting on Fuwei's orders to deceive his followers. When Gongshi was defeated, Prince of Zhao Commandery Li Xiaogong, not knowing it was a fraud, reported the matter; and an edict posthumously stripped Fuwei of his rank and confiscated his wife and children. When Emperor Taizong took the throne, he recognized the injustice, pardoned Fuwei, and restored his rank and titles.
154
三月，初定令，以太尉、司徒、司空為三公，次尚書、門下、中書、秘書、殿中、內侍為六省，次御史台，次太常至太府為九寺，次將作監，次國子學，次天策上將府，次左、右衛至左、右領衛為十四衛； 東宮置三師、三少、詹事及兩坊、三寺、十率府； 王、公置府佐、國官，公主置邑司，並為京職事官。 州、縣、鎮、戌為外職事官。 自開府議同三司至將仕郎二十八隊，為文散官； 驃騎大將軍至陪戎副尉三十一階，為武散官； 上柱國至武騎尉十二等，為勳官。
In the third month the court first established the new statutes. The Grand Minister, Minister of Education, and Minister of Works became the Three Excellencies. Next came the six departments—the Secretariat, Chancellery, Palace Secretariat, Imperial Library, Palace Administration, and Inner Attendants—followed by the Censorate, the nine directorates from Grand Ritual Master to Grand Treasury, the Directorate of Imperial Works, the Imperial Academy, the Heavenly Stratagem General-in-Chief Headquarters, and the fourteen guards from Left and Right Guard to Left and Right Palace Guard. The Eastern Palace was given Three Preceptors, Three Junior Preceptors, a Grand Mentor, two workshops, three offices, and ten command offices; princes and dukes were given household aides and state officials, and princesses were given fief administrators—all counted as capital duty officials. Prefectures, counties, garrison towns, and frontier posts were external duty officials. From Opener of the Government with Equal Privilege to the Three Excellencies through Expectant Gentleman, twenty-eight ranks were civil honorary offices; from General of Fast Cavalry through Assistant Frontier Guard, thirty-one grades were military honorary offices; from Supreme Pillar of State to Martial Cavalry Officer, twelve grades were merit offices.
155
丙戌，趙郡王孝恭破輔公祏於蕪湖，拔梁山等三鎮。 辛卯，安撫使任瑰拔揚子城，廣陵城主龍龕降。
On bingxu Prince of Zhao Commandery Li Xiaogong defeated Fu Gongshi at Wuhu and captured three garrisons, including Liangshan. On xinmao Pacification Commissioner Ren Gui captured Yangzi City, and Long Kan, lord of Guangling, surrendered.
156
丁酉，突厥寇原州。
On dingyou the Turks raided Yuanzhou.
157
戊戌，趙郡王孝恭克丹楊。
On wuxu Prince of Zhao Commandery Li Xiaogong captured Danyang.
158
先是，輔公祏遣其將馮慧亮、陳當世將舟師三萬屯博望山，陳正通、徐紹宗將步騎二萬屯青林山，仍於梁山連鐵鎖以斷江路，築卻月城，延袤十餘里，又結壘江西以拒官軍。 孝恭與李靖帥舟師次舒州，李世勣帥步卒一萬渡淮，拔壽陽，次硤石。 慧亮等堅壁不戰，孝恭遣奇兵絕其糧道，慧亮等軍乏食，夜，遣兵薄孝恭營，孝恭安臥不動。 孝恭集諸將議軍事，皆曰：「慧亮等擁強兵，據水陸之險，攻之不可猝拔，不如直指丹楊，掩其巢穴。 丹楊既潰，慧亮等自降矣！」 孝恭將從其議，李靖曰：「公祏精兵雖在此水陸二軍，然後自將亦為不少，今博望諸柵尚不能拔，公祏保據石頭，豈易取哉！ 進攻丹楊，旬月不下，慧亮等躡吾後，腹背受敵，此危道也。 慧亮、正通皆百戰餘賊，其心非不欲戰，正以公祏立計使之持重，欲以老我師耳。 我今攻其城以挑之，一舉可破也！」 孝恭然之，使羸兵先攻賊壘而勒精兵結陳以待之。 攻壘者不勝而走，賊出兵追之，行數里，遇大軍，與戰，大破之。 闞稜免冑謂賊眾曰：「汝曹不識我邪？ 何敢來與我戰！」 賊眾多稜故部曲，皆無鬥志，或有拜者，由是遂敗。 孝恭、靖乘勝逐北，轉戰百餘里，博山、青林兩戍皆潰，慧亮、正通等遁歸，殺傷及溺死者萬餘人。 李靖兵先至丹楊，公祏大懼，擁兵數萬，棄城東走，欲就左遊仙於會稽，李世勣追之。 公祏至句容，從兵能屬者才五百人，夜，宿常州，其將吳騷等謀執之。 公祏覺之，棄妻子，獨將腹心數十人，斬關走。 至武康，為野人所攻，西門君儀戰死。 執公祏，送丹楊梟首，分捕餘黨，悉誅之，江南皆平。
Earlier, Fu Gongshi had posted Feng Huiliang and Chen Dangshi with thirty thousand naval troops at Bowang Mountain, and Chen Zhengtong and Xu Shaozong with twenty thousand infantry and cavalry at Qinglin Mountain. They further stretched iron chains across the Yangtze at Liangshan to block the river, built a crescent-shaped fort more than ten li long, and raised fortifications west of the river to hold off the imperial army. Xiaogong and Li Jing led the fleet to Shuzhou. Li Shiji crossed the Huai with ten thousand foot soldiers, captured Shouyang, and encamped at Xiashi. Huiliang and the others held their fortifications and refused battle. Xiaogong sent picked troops to cut their supply lines. When their army ran short of food, they sent troops by night to probe Xiaogong's camp; Xiaogong lay still and did not stir. Xiaogong gathered his generals to discuss strategy. All said, "Huiliang and the others hold strong forces and the advantages of land and water. We cannot take them quickly. Better to march straight on Danyang and strike at their nest. Once Danyang falls, Huiliang and the others will surrender of their own accord!" Xiaogong was about to follow this plan when Li Jing said, "Although Gongshi's best troops are in these two armies, the force he leads in person is also considerable. If we cannot even take the fortifications at Bowang, how easily can we seize Gongshi entrenched at Shitou? If we march on Danyang and fail to take it within a month, Huiliang and the others will follow at our rear and we will be caught between two enemies. That is the road to ruin. Huiliang and Zhengtong are both battle-hardened rebels. It is not that they do not want to fight; Gongshi's plan deliberately keeps them steady so they can wear our army down. If we assault their fort now and provoke them into battle, we can break them in one stroke!" Xiaogong agreed. He sent weak troops to attack the rebel fort first while keeping his elite forces in battle formation to await them. The attackers failed and fled. The rebels sallied out in pursuit; after several li they ran into the main army, fought, and were utterly routed. Kan Ling removed his helmet and shouted to the rebel ranks, "Don't you know who I am? How dare you come fight me!" Many in the rebel ranks had once served under Kan; they lost all will to fight, and some even bowed to him—thus the rebels were defeated. Xiaogong and Jing pressed the victory in pursuit, fighting for more than a hundred li. The garrisons at Boshan and Qinglin both collapsed. Huiliang, Zhengtong, and the others fled back. Killed, wounded, and drowned numbered more than ten thousand. Li Jing's troops reached Danyang first. Gongshi was terrified. Leading tens of thousands of men, he abandoned the city and fled east toward Zuo Youxian at Kuaiji; Li Shiji pursued him. By the time Gongshi reached Jurong, only about five hundred followers could keep up. That night he lodged at Changzhou, where his generals Wu Sao and others plotted to seize him. Gongshi detected the plot, abandoned his wife and children, and with only several dozen trusted men broke through the gate and fled. At Wukang he was attacked by locals; Ximen Junyi died fighting. Gongshi was captured, sent to Danyang, and beheaded. The remaining partisans were hunted down and all executed. Jiangnan was fully pacified.
159
己亥，以孝恭為東南道行台右僕射，李靖為兵部尚書。 頃之，廢行台，以孝恭為楊州大都督，靖為府長史。 上深美靖功，曰：「靖，蕭、輔之膏肓也。」
On jihai Li Xiaogong was appointed Right Vice Director of the Southeast Route Regional Secretariat and Li Jing Minister of War. Before long the regional secretariat was abolished; Xiaogong was made Grand Area Commander of Yangzhou and Jing Grand Administrator of the headquarters. The Emperor praised Jing's achievement at length, saying, "Jing was the fatal disease festering in Xiao and Fu's flesh."
160
闞稜功多，頗自矜伐。 公祏誣稜與己通謀。 會趙郡王孝恭籍沒賊黨田宅，稜及杜伏威、王雄誕田宅在賊境者，孝恭並籍沒之； 稜自訴理，忤孝恭，孝恭怒，以謀反誅之。
Kan Ling had won many victories and was rather proud and boastful. Gongshi falsely claimed that Kan had conspired with him. When Prince of Zhao Commandery Li Xiaogong confiscated rebel partisans' fields and residences, the holdings of Kan, Du Fuwei, and Wang Xiongna that lay in rebel territory were confiscated as well; Kan pleaded his case and offended Xiaogong; Xiaogong grew angry and executed him on charges of plotting rebellion.
161
夏，四月，庚子朔，赦天下。
In the fourth month of summer, on the first day gengzi, a general amnesty was declared throughout the realm.
162
是日，頒新律令，比開皇舊制增新格五十三條。
That same day new statutes and ordinances were promulgated, adding fifty-three new regulations to the old Kaihuang system.
163
初定均田租、庸、調法：丁、中之民，給田一頃，篤疾減什之六，寡妻妾減七； 皆以什之二為世業，八為口分。 每丁歲入租粟二石。 調隨土地所宜，綾、絹、絁、布。 歲役二旬； 不役則收其傭，日三尺； 有事而加役者，旬有五日，免其調； 三旬，租、調俱免。 水旱蟲霜為災，什損四以上免租，損六以上免調，損七已上課役俱免。 凡民貲業分九等。 百戶為里，五里為鄉，四家為鄰，四鄰為保。 在城邑者為坊，田野者為村。 食祿之家，無得與民爭利； 工商雜類，無預士伍。 男女始生為黃，四歲為小，十六為中，二十為丁，六十為老。 歲造計帳，三年造戶籍。
The equal-field, land-tax, corvée, and household-tax system was first established: adult and middle-aged males were granted one qing of land; the severely ill received six-tenths less; widows and concubines received seven-tenths less; of which two-tenths were hereditary property and eight-tenths were allotted fields. Each adult male paid two shi of grain in land tax each year. The cloth levy varied with local conditions—damask, silk gauze, coarse silk, or plain cloth. Corvée labor was twenty days a year; those who did not serve paid a commutation fee of three chi of cloth per day; for extra labor on special projects, fifteen days of service exempted the cloth levy; thirty days exempted both grain rent and the cloth levy. After flood, drought, pests, or frost, losses of forty percent or more exempted grain rent; sixty percent or more exempted the cloth levy; seventy percent or more exempted all taxes and labor. All households were ranked in nine grades according to wealth. A hundred households formed a li; five li formed a township; four households formed a neighborhood; four neighborhoods formed a mutual-security group. Urban residents were grouped into wards; rural residents into villages. Officials on state stipends were forbidden to compete with commoners for profit; merchants, artisans, and other commoners of that kind were excluded from militia service. Newborns were classed as infants; at four years as minors; at sixteen as youths; at twenty as adult males liable for service; at sixty as elderly. Annual registers were compiled; household registers were revised every three years.
164
丁未，党項寇松州。
On dingwei, the Tangut raided Songzhou.
165
庚申，通事舍人李鳳起擊萬州反獠，平之。
On gengshen, master of communications Li Fengqi suppressed a Lao rebellion in Wanzhou.
166
五月，辛未，突厥寇朔州。
In the fifth month, on xinwei, the Turks raided Shuozhou.
167
甲戌，羌與吐谷渾同寇松州。 遣益州行台左僕射竇軌自翼州道，扶州刺史蔣善合自芳州道擊之。
On jiaxu, the Qiang and Tuyuhun jointly raided Songzhou. Dou Gui, left vice director on the Yizhou mobile staff, was sent along the Yizhou corridor and Jiang Shanhe, prefect of Fuzhou, along the Fangzhou corridor to drive them back.
168
丙戌，作仁智宮於宜君。
On bingxu, Renzhi Palace was built at Yijun.
169
丁亥，竇軌破反獠於方山，俘二萬餘口。
On dinghai, Dou Gui routed the rebel Lao at Fang Mountain and took more than twenty thousand prisoners.