1
資治通鑑第217卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 217
2
卷第二百一十七
Volume 217
3
【唐紀三十三】起閼逢敦牂，盡柔兆涒灘四月，凡二年有奇。
[Tang Records 33] From Yanmen Dunzang through the fourth month of Rouzhao Youtan—a little more than two years in all.
4
玄宗至道大聖大明孝皇帝下之下天寶十三年（ 甲午，公元七五四年）
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, Latter Part of the Lower Scroll, Tianbao year 13 ( jiawu, AD 754)
5
春，正月，己亥，安祿山入朝。 是時楊國忠言祿山必反，且曰：「陛下試召之，必不來。」 上使召之，祿山聞命即至。 庚子，見上於華清宮，泣曰：「臣本胡人，陛下寵擢至此，為國忠所疾，臣死無日矣！」 上憐之，賞賜巨萬，由是益親信祿山，國忠之言不能入矣。 太子亦知祿山必反，言於上，上不聽。
In spring, the first month, on yihai, An Lushan came to court. At this time Yang Guozhong insisted that An Lushan would surely rebel, and said, "Your Majesty, try summoning him—he will certainly not come." The emperor sent to summon him; on hearing the order, Lushan came at once. On gengzi he saw the emperor at Huaqing Palace and wept, saying, "I am only a foreigner whom Your Majesty raised to such heights; Guozhong hates me for it—I may die any day now!" The emperor took pity on him and lavished rewards worth tens of thousands of strings of cash; from then on he trusted Lushan all the more, and Guozhong's warnings could no longer get through. The crown prince too knew Lushan would rebel and told the emperor, but the emperor would not listen.
6
甲辰，太清宮奏：「學士李琪見玄元皇帝乘紫雲，告以國祚延昌。」
On jiachen the Supreme Ultimate Palace reported that Academician Li Qi had seen the Mysterious Prime Emperor riding purple clouds and had been told the dynasty's fortune would endure."
7
唐初，詔敕皆書、門下官有文者為之。 乾封以後，始召文士元萬頃、范履冰等草諸文辭，常於北門候進止，時人謂之「北門學士」。 中宗之世，上官昭容專其事。 上即位，始置翰林院，密邇禁廷，延文章之士，下至僧、道、書、畫、琴、棋、數術之工皆處之，謂之「待詔」。 刑部尚書張均及弟太常卿□皆翰林院供奉。 上欲加安祿山同平章事，已令張□草制。 楊國忠諫曰：「祿山雖有軍功，目不知書，豈可為宰相！ 制書若下，恐四夷輕唐。」 上乃止。 乙巳，加祿山左僕射，賜一子三品、一子四品官。 丙午，上還宮。
In early Tang, edicts and rescripts were drafted by literate officials of the Secretariat and Chancellery. After the Qianfeng era, literary men such as Yuan Wanshu and Fan Lübing were summoned to draft court compositions; they often waited at the north gate for the emperor's word, and contemporaries called them the "Northern Gate Academicians." Under Emperor Zhongzong, Shangguan Zhaorong monopolized the work. When Xuanzong took the throne he established the Hanlin Academy beside the inner court, gathering men of letters and even monks, Daoists, calligraphers, painters, musicians, chess masters, and experts in calculation and the arts; they were called "awaiting imperial command." Minister of Justice Zhang Jun and his younger brother, Grand Master of Ceremonies □, both served as Hanlin retainers. The emperor wished to appoint An Lushan Associate Grand Councillor and had already ordered Zhang □ to draft the edict. Yang Guozhong remonstrated: "Lushan may have won battles, but he cannot even read—how can he be made chief minister! If that edict goes out, the four quarters will surely despise the Tang." The emperor dropped the matter. On yisi Lushan was made Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, and one son was given third rank and another fourth rank. On bingwu the emperor returned to the palace.
8
安祿山求兼領閒廄、群牧； 庚申，以祿山為閒廄、隴右群牧等使。 祿山又求兼總監； 壬戌，兼知總監事。 祿山奏以御史中丞吉溫為武部侍郎，充閒廄逼使，楊國忠由是惡溫。 祿山密遣親信選健馬堪戰者數千匹，別飼之。
An Lushan asked to take charge of the Imperial Stud and the herd offices as well. On gengshen he was appointed commissioner of the Imperial Stud and the Longyou herd offices, among other posts. Lushan also asked to hold the directorate concurrently. On renxu he was given concurrent charge of the directorate. Lushan memorialized that Censor-in-Chief Ji Wen be made Vice Minister of War and deputy commissioner of the Imperial Stud; from this Yang Guozhong came to hate Wen. Lushan secretly sent trusted men to pick out several thousand sturdy war horses and had them fed apart from the rest.
9
二月，壬申，上朝獻太清宮，上聖祖尊號曰大聖祖高上大道金闕玄元大皇太帝。 癸酉，享太廟，上高祖謚曰神堯大聖光孝皇帝，太宗謚曰文武大聖大廣孝皇帝，高宗謚曰天皇大聖大弘孝皇帝，中宗謚曰孝和大聖大昭孝皇帝，睿宗謚曰玄真大聖大興孝皇帝，以漢家諸帝皆謚孝故也。 甲戌，群臣上尊號曰開元天地大寶聖文神武證道孝德皇帝。 赦天下。
In the second month, on renshen, the emperor attended court at the Supreme Ultimate Palace and raised his sage ancestor's honorific to Great Sage Ancestor, Exalted Supreme Great Way, Golden Portal, Mysterious Prime Great August Emperor. On guiyou he sacrificed at the Imperial Ancestral Temple, raising Gaozu's posthumous name to Divine Yao Great Sage Luminous Filial Emperor, Taizong's to Civil and Martial Great Sage Great Expansive Filial Emperor, Gaozong's to Heavenly Sovereign Great Sage Great Magnificent Filial Emperor, Zhongzong's to Filial Harmony Great Sage Great Illustrious Filial Emperor, and Ruizong's to Mysterious Perfection Great Sage Great Flourishing Filial Emperor—for Han emperors had all taken "Filial" in their posthumous names. On jiaxu the officials presented the honorific Kaiyuan Heaven and Earth Great Treasure Sage Culture Divine Martial Proving the Way Filial Virtue Emperor. A general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm.
10
丁丑，楊國忠進位司空； 甲申，臨軒冊命。
On dingchou Yang Guozhong was promoted to Minister of Works. On jiashen the investiture ceremony was held at the throne hall.
11
己丑，安祿山奏：「臣所部將士討奚、契丹、九姓、同羅等，勳效甚多，乞不拘常格，超資加賞，仍好寫告身付臣軍授之。」 於是除將軍者五百餘人，中郎將者二千餘人。 祿山欲反，故先以此收眾心也。
On jichou An Lushan memorialized: "My officers and men who fought the Xi, Khitan, Nine Surnames, Tongluo, and others have won great merit; I ask that they be rewarded beyond the usual rules and that blank commissions be sent to my army for me to fill and award." More than five hundred were made generals and more than two thousand commandants of the palace guards. Lushan was already planning rebellion and used this first to win the troops' loyalty.
12
三月，丁酉朔，祿山辭歸范陽。 上解御衣以賜之，祿山受之驚喜。 恐楊國忠奏留之，疾驅出關。 乘船沿河而下，令船夫執繩板立於岸側，十五里一更，晝夜兼行，日數百里，過郡縣不下船。 自是有言祿山反者，上皆縛送之。 由是人皆知其將反，無敢言者。
In the third month, on the dingyou new moon, Lushan took his leave and returned to Fanyang. The emperor took off his own robe and gave it to him; Lushan accepted it in startled delight. Fearing Yang Guozhong would ask the court to keep him, he whipped his horses and raced out through the pass. He went by boat downriver, with tow-teams stationed on the banks every fifteen li; traveling day and night without pause he covered several hundred li a day and never left the boat even when passing through prefectures and counties. From then on, anyone who said Lushan would rebel was bound and handed over to the authorities. Everyone knew he would rebel, yet no one dared say so.
13
祿山之發長安也，上令高力士餞之長樂坡，及還，上問：「祿山慰意乎？」 對曰：「觀其意怏怏，必知欲命為相而中止故也。」 上以告國忠，曰：「此議他人不知，必張□兄弟告之也。」 上怒，貶張均為建安太守，□為盧溪司馬，□弟給事中埱為宜春司馬。
When Lushan left Chang'an, the emperor sent Gao Lishi to see him off at Changle Slope; on his return the emperor asked, "Did Lushan seem content?" He replied, "He looked sullen—he must know he was to be made chief minister and that the appointment was stopped." The emperor told Guozhong, "No one else knew of this—it must have been the Zhang □ brothers who told him." In anger the emperor demoted Zhang Jun to prefect of Jian'an, □ to Lixi Sima, and □'s younger brother Attendant-in-Ordinary Wang to Yichun Sima.
14
哥舒翰亦為其部將論功，敕以隴右十將、特進、火拔州都督、燕山郡王火拔歸仁為驃騎大將軍，河源軍使王思禮加特進，臨洮太守成如璆、討擊副使范陽魯炅、皋蘭府都督渾惟明並加雲麾將軍，隴右討擊副使郭英乂為左羽林將軍。 英乂，知運之子也。 翰又奏嚴挺之之子武為節度判官，河東呂諲為度支判官，前封丘尉高適為掌書記，安邑曲環為別將。
Geshu Han too had his subordinates' merits argued; by edict Huoba Guiren of the ten Longyou generals—Special Advancement Holder, Huoba prefect, and King of Yanshan—was made General of Agile Cavalry; Heyuan army commissioner Wang Silun received Special Advancement; Lintao prefect Cheng Ruqiu, campaign vice-commissioner Lu Jiong of Fanyang, and Gaolan protectorate protector Hun Weiming were all made Cloud-Banner Generals; and Longyou campaign vice-commissioner Guo Yingyi was made Left General of the Forest of Feathers. Yingyi was the son of Guo Zhiyun. Han also memorialized that Yan Tingzhi's son Wu be made military commissioner aide, Lü Shen of Hedong revenue commissioner aide, former Fengqiu magistrate Gao Shi chief secretary, and Qu Huan of Anyi deputy general.
15
程千里執阿布思，獻於闕下，斬之。 甲子，以千里為金吾大將軍，以封常清權北庭都護、伊西節度使。
Cheng Qianli captured Ashina Busi, presented him at court, and had him beheaded. On jiazi Qianli was made General of the Golden Guards, and Feng Changqing acting Protector-General of Beiting and Yixi military commissioner.
16
夏，四月，癸巳，安祿山奏擊奚破之，虜其王李日越。
In summer, the fourth month, on guisi, An Lushan reported that he had defeated the Xi and captured their king Li Riyue.
17
六月，乙丑朔，日有食之，不盡如鉤。
In the sixth month, on the yichou new moon, there was a partial solar eclipse shaped like a hook.
18
侍御史、俞南留後李宓將兵七萬擊南詔。 閣羅鳳誘之深入，至太和城，閉壁不戰。 宓糧盡，士卒罹瘴疫及饑死什七八，乃引還； 蠻追擊之，宓被擒，全軍皆沒。 楊國忠隱其敗，更以捷聞，益發中國兵討之，前後死者幾二十萬人，無敢言者。 上嘗謂高力士曰：「朕今老矣，朝事付之宰相，邊事付之諸將，夫復何憂！」 力士對曰：「臣聞雲南數喪師，又邊將擁兵太盛，陛下將何以制之！ 臣恐一旦禍發，不可復救，何謂無憂也！」 上曰：「卿勿言，朕徐思之。」
Investigating censor and Yunnan rear-commissioner Li Mi led seventy thousand men against Nanzhao. Piluoge lured them deep inland; when they reached Taihe he shut the walls and refused battle. When Mi's supplies ran out, seven or eight soldiers in ten died of miasma, disease, and hunger, and he turned back. The tribesmen pursued them; Mi was captured and the entire army was lost. Yang Guozhong hid the defeat and reported a victory instead; he sent more central troops to campaign, and nearly two hundred thousand died in all—yet no one dared speak of it. The emperor once told Gao Lishi, "I am old now; I leave court affairs to the chief ministers and frontier affairs to the generals—what is left to worry about!" Lishi replied, "I hear Yunnan has lost army after army, and the frontier generals' armies are too strong—how will Your Majesty control them? I fear that once disaster strikes it cannot be undone—how can you say there is nothing to worry about!" The emperor said, "Say no more; I will think on it in time."
19
秋，七月，癸丑，哥舒翰奏，於所開九曲之地置洮陽、澆河二郡及神策軍，以臨洮太守成如璆兼洮陽太守，充神策軍使。
In autumn, the seventh month, on guichou, Geshu Han memorialized that in the Nine Bends territory he had set up Taoyang and Jiaohe commanderies and the Divine Strategy Army, with Lintao prefect Cheng Ruqiu also Taoyang prefect and commissioner of that army.
20
楊國忠忌陳希烈，希烈累表辭位； 上欲以武部侍郎吉溫代之，國忠以溫附安祿山，奏言不可； 以文部侍郎韋見素和雅易制，薦之。 八月，丙戌，以希烈為太子太師，罷政事； 以見素為武部尚書、同平章事。
Yang Guozhong resented Chen Xilie, who repeatedly asked to resign. The emperor wished to replace him with Vice Minister of War Ji Wen, but Guozhong, because Wen was close to An Lushan, memorialized against it. He recommended Vice Minister of Rites Wei Jiansu as mild, refined, and easy to control. In the eighth month, on bingxu, Xilie was made Grand Preceptor of the Heir Apparent and removed from office. Jiansu was made Minister of War and Associate Grand Councillor.
21
自去歲水旱相繼，關中大饑。 楊國忠惡京兆尹李峴不附己，以災沴歸咎於峴，九月，貶長沙太守。 峴，禕之子也。 上憂雨傷稼，國忠取禾之善者獻之，曰：「雨雖多，不害稼也。」 上以為然。 扶風太守房琯言所部水災，國忠使御史推之。 是歲，天下無敢言災者。 高力士侍側，上曰：「淫雨不已，卿可盡言。」 對曰：「自陛下以權假宰相，賞罰無章，陰陽失度，臣何敢言！」 上默然。
Since the previous year floods and droughts had followed one another, and Guanzhong was in severe famine. Yang Guozhong hated Metropolitan Magistrate Li Xian for refusing to follow him; he blamed the disasters on Xian and in the ninth month demoted him to prefect of Changsha. Xian was the son of Li Yi. The emperor worried the rains were ruining the harvest; Guozhong brought him fine grain and said, "Heavy as the rain is, it has not harmed the crops." The emperor believed him. Fufeng prefect Fang Guan reported flooding in his district; Guozhong sent censors to investigate him. That year no one in the realm dared report disasters. Gao Lishi was in attendance; the emperor said, "The rains will not stop—you may speak freely." He replied, "Since Your Majesty has given the chief minister such power, rewards and punishments have no rule and heaven and earth are out of balance—how dare I speak!" The emperor fell silent.
22
冬，十月，乙酉，上幸華清宮。
In winter, the tenth month, on yiyou, the emperor went to Huaqing Palace.
23
十一月，己未，置內侍監二員，正三品。
In the eleventh month, on jiwei, two Directors of Palace Attendants of the third rank were established.
24
河東太守兼本道採訪使韋陟，斌之兄也，文雅有盛名，楊國忠恐其入相，使人告陟贓污事，下御史按問。 陟賂中丞吉溫，使求救於安祿山，復為國忠所發。 閏月，壬寅，貶陟桂嶺尉，溫澧陽長史。 安祿山為溫訟冤，且言國忠讒疾。 上兩無所問。
Hedong prefect and circuit investigating commissioner Wei Zhi—elder brother of Wei Bin—was refined and famous; Yang Guozhong, fearing he would become chief minister, had someone accuse him of corruption, and censors were sent to investigate. Zhi bribed Chief Censor Ji Wen to ask An Lushan for help, but Guozhong exposed that as well. In the intercalary month, on renyin, Zhi was demoted to Guiling commandant and Wen to Liyang chief administrator. An Lushan pleaded Wen's case and accused Guozhong of slander and malice. The emperor questioned neither side.
25
戊午，上還宮。
On wuwu the emperor returned to the palace.
26
是歲，戶部奏天下郡三百二十一，縣千五百三十八，鄉萬六千八百二十九，戶九百六萬九千一百五十四，口五千二百八十八萬四百八十八。
That year the Ministry of Revenue reported 321 commanderies, 1,538 counties, 16,829 townships, 9,069,154 households, and a population of 52,880,488.
27
玄宗至道大聖大明孝皇帝下之下天寶十四年（ 乙未，公元七五五年）
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, Latter Part of the Lower Scroll, Tianbao year 14 ( yiwei, AD 755)
28
春，正月，蘇毘王子悉諾邏去吐蕃來降。
In spring, the first month, the Suibi prince Xinuoluo left Tibet and surrendered.
29
二月，辛亥，安祿山使副將何千年入奏，請以蕃將三十二人代漢將，上命立進畫，給告身。 韋見素謂楊國忠曰：「祿山久有異志，今又有此請，其反明矣。 明日見素當極言； 上未允，公其繼之。」 國忠許諾。 壬子，國忠、見素入見，上迎謂曰：「卿等有疑祿山之意邪？」 見素因極言祿山反已有跡，所請不可許，上不悅，國忠逡巡不敢言，上竟從祿山之請。 他日，國忠、見素言於上曰：「臣有策可坐消祿山之謀。 今若除祿山平章事，召詣闕，以賈循為范陽節度使，呂知誨為平盧節度使，楊光翽為河東節度使，則勢自分矣。」 上從之。 已草制，上留不發，更遣中使輔璆琳以珍果賜祿山，潛察其變。 璆琳受祿山厚賂，還，盛言祿山竭忠奉國，無有二心。 上謂國忠等曰：「祿山，朕推心待之，必無異志。 東北二虜，藉其鎮遏。 朕自保之，卿等勿憂也！」 事遂寢。 循，華原人也，時為節度副使。
In the second month, on xinhai, An Lushan sent his deputy He Qiannian to court to ask that thirty-two non-Han generals replace Han commanders; the emperor ordered their immediate promotion, portraits, and commissions issued. Wei Jiansu told Yang Guozhong, "Lushan has long had rebellious designs; with this request his intent is plain. Tomorrow I will speak out fully; if the emperor does not agree, you must follow with your support." Guozhong agreed. On renzi Guozhong and Jiansu came to audience; the emperor met them and said, "Do you doubt Lushan?" Jiansu then spoke out fully that Lushan's rebellion already showed clear signs and that the request must be refused; the emperor was displeased, Guozhong hung back and dared not speak, and in the end the emperor granted Lushan's request. On another day Guozhong and Jiansu told the emperor, "We have a plan that can quietly undo Lushan's scheme. If Lushan is removed as Grand Councillor and summoned to court, with Jia Xun made Fanyang military commissioner, Lü Zhihui Pinglu military commissioner, and Yang Guangbi Hedong military commissioner, his power will split of itself." The emperor agreed. The edict was drafted, but the emperor held it back and sent palace envoy Fu Yuolin with rare fruits to Lushan, secretly to watch for trouble. Yuolin took heavy bribes from Lushan; on his return he insisted that Lushan was utterly loyal and had no second thoughts. The emperor told Guozhong and the others, "I have given Lushan my full trust; he cannot have rebellious intent. The two northeastern tribes depend on him to keep them in check. I will keep him in hand myself—you need not worry!" The matter was dropped. Xun was from Huayuan and was then military vice-commissioner.
30
隴右、河西節度使哥舒翰入朝，道得風疾，遂留京師，家居不出。
Longyou and Hexi military commissioner Geshu Han came to court but fell ill with paralysis on the road; he remained in the capital and stayed home, never going out.
31
三月，辛巳，命給事中裴士淹宣慰河北。
In the third month, on xinsi, Attendant-in-Ordinary Pei Shiyan was sent to comfort Hebei.
32
夏，四月，安祿山奏破奚、契丹。
In summer, the fourth month, An Lushan reported victories over the Xi and Khitan.
33
癸巳，以蘇毘王子悉諾邏為懷義王，賜姓名李忠信。
On guisi the Suibi prince Xinuoluo was made Prince of Huaiyi and given the name Li Zhongxin.
34
安祿山歸至范陽，朝廷每遣使者至，皆稱疾不出迎，盛陳武備，然後見之。 裴士淹至范陽，二十餘日乃得見，無復人臣禮。 楊國忠日夜求祿山反狀，使京兆尹圍其第，捕祿山客李超等，送御史台獄，潛殺之。 祿山子慶宗尚宗女榮義郡主，供奉在京師，密報祿山，祿山愈懼。 六月，上以其子成婚，於詔召祿山觀禮，祿山辭疾不至。 秋，七月，祿山表獻馬三千匹，每匹執控夫二人，遣蕃將二十二人部送。 河南尹達奚珣疑有變，奏請「諭祿山以進車馬宜俟至冬，官自給夫，無煩本軍。」 於是上稍寤，始有疑祿山之意。 會輔璆琳受賂事亦洩，上托以他事撲殺之。 上遣中使馮神威繼手詔諭祿山，如珣策； 且曰：朕新為卿作一湯，十月於華清宮待卿。」 神威至范陽宣旨，祿山踞床微起，亦不拜，曰：「聖人安隱。」 又曰：「馬不獻亦可，十月灼然詣京師。」 即令左右引神威置館舍，不復見； 數日，遣還，亦無表。 神威還，見上，泣曰：「臣幾不得見大家！
When An Lushan returned to Fanyang, he claimed illness whenever court envoys arrived, paraded his forces, and only then received them. Pei Shiyan reached Fanyang and waited more than twenty days for an audience, and Lushan no longer observed the rites of a subject. Yang Guozhong searched day and night for proof of rebellion, had the metropolitan magistrate surround Lushan's residence, arrested clients such as Li Chao, sent them to the censorate prison, and secretly killed them. Lushan's son Qingzong, who had married Princess Rongyi and served at court, secretly warned his father, and Lushan grew more afraid. In the sixth month the emperor summoned Lushan to attend his son's wedding, but Lushan pleaded illness and did not come. In autumn, the seventh month, Lushan offered three thousand horses, each with two handlers, escorted by twenty-two non-Han generals. Henan metropolitan magistrate Daxi Xun suspected a plot and memorialized that Lushan should be told to wait until winter to present the horses, with the government supplying the handlers so his army need not come. The emperor began to wake to the danger and first doubted Lushan. When Fu Yuolin's bribes also came to light, the emperor had him beaten to death on another charge. The emperor sent palace envoy Feng Shenwei with a handwritten edict to Lushan along the lines Xun had proposed. He also added, "I have just had a hot spring prepared for you; in the tenth month I shall await you at Huaqing Palace." When Shenwei reached Fanyang and announced the decree, Lushan sat on his bed and barely rose, did not bow, and said only, "The Sage is well." He added, "The horses need not be sent; in the tenth month I shall certainly come to the capital." He had attendants lodge Shenwei and did not see him again. After several days he sent him back without a memorial of thanks. On his return Shenwei saw the emperor and wept, "I nearly never came back to see Your Majesty!"
35
八月，辛卯，免今載百姓租庸。
In the eighth month, on xinmao, land tax and corvée for the year were remitted.
36
冬，十月，庚寅，上幸華清宮。
In winter, the tenth month, on gengyin, the emperor went to Huaqing Palace.
37
安祿山專制三道，陰蓄異志，殆將十年，以上待之厚，欲俟上晏駕然後作亂。 會楊國忠與祿山不相悅，屢言祿山且反，上不聽； 國忠數以事激之，欲其速反以取信於上。 祿山由是決意遽反，獨與孔目官、太僕丞嚴莊、掌書記、屯田員外郎高尚、將軍阿史那承慶密謀，自餘將佐皆莫之知，但怪其自八月以來，屢饗士卒，秣馬厲兵而已。 會有奏事官自京師還，祿山詐為敕書，悉召諸將示之曰：「有密旨，令祿山將兵入朝討楊國忠，諸君宜即從軍。」 眾愕然相顧，莫敢異言。 十一月，甲子，祿山發所部兵及同羅、奚、契丹、室韋凡十五萬眾，號二十萬，反於范陽。 命范陽節度副使賈循守范陽，平盧節度副使呂知誨守平盧，別將高秀巖守大同； 諸將皆引兵夜發。
An Lushan had controlled three circuits and nursed rebellious designs for nearly ten years; because the emperor treated him so generously, he had meant to wait until Xuanzong died before rising. But Yang Guozhong and Lushan were at odds; Guozhong kept saying Lushan would rebel soon, and the emperor would not listen. Guozhong kept provoking him, hoping to force an early rebellion and thereby win the emperor's trust. Lushan therefore decided to rebel at once. He plotted secretly only with registry officer Yan Zhuang, chief secretary Gao Shang, and general Ashina Chengqing; the other officers knew nothing and only wondered why, since the eighth month, he had been feasting the troops and readying horses and arms. When a court messenger returned from the capital, Lushan forged an imperial edict, summoned his generals, and said, "There is a secret order for me to lead troops to court to punish Yang Guozhong—you must all march at once." The men looked at one another in alarm and none dared object. In the eleventh month, on jiazi, Lushan mobilized his own troops with Tongluo, Xi, Khitan, and Shiwei allies—one hundred fifty thousand men in all, called two hundred thousand—and rebelled at Fanyang. He left Fanyang vice-commissioner Jia Xun to hold Fanyang, Pinglu vice-commissioner Lü Zhihui to hold Pinglu, and detached general Gao Xiuyan to hold Datong. All the generals marched out by night.
38
詰朝，祿山出薊城南，大閱誓眾，以討楊國忠為名，榜軍中曰：「有異議扇動軍人者，斬及三族！」 於是引兵而南。 祿山乘鐵輿，步騎精銳，煙塵千里，鼓噪震地。 時海內久承平，百姓累世不識兵革，猝聞范陽兵起，遠近震駭。 河北皆祿山統內，所過州縣，望風瓦解。 守令或開門出迎，或棄城竄匿，或為所擒戮，無敢拒之者。 祿山先遣將軍何千年、高邈將奚騎二十，聲言獻射生手，乘驛詣太原。 乙丑，北京副留守楊光翽出迎，因劫之以去。 太原具言其狀。 東受降城亦奏祿山反。 上猶以為惡祿山者詐為之，未之信也。
At dawn Lushan marched out south of Ji, reviewed the army, and swore them to punish Yang Guozhong; he posted a notice: "Anyone who stirs dissent among the troops will be executed, together with three generations of his family." Then he led the army south. Lushan rode in an iron carriage at the head of crack infantry and cavalry; dust filled the horizon for a thousand li and the drums shook the earth. The empire had been at peace so long that generations had never known war; when word came that the army of Fanyang had risen, terror spread far and wide. Hebei lay entirely within Lushan's command; the prefectures and counties he passed melted away without a fight. Some magistrates opened their gates to welcome him, others abandoned their cities and fled, and others were captured and killed—none dared resist. Lushan first sent generals He Qiannian and Gao Miao with twenty Xi horsemen, claiming to present hunting archers, and they rode post relays to Taiyuan. On yichou Northern Capital vice-commissioner Yang Guangbi came out to welcome them and was seized and carried off. Taiyuan reported the whole affair in detail. Eastern Surrender-Receiving City also reported that Lushan had rebelled. The emperor still thought Lushan's enemies had fabricated the reports and would not believe them.
39
庚午，上聞祿山定反，乃召宰相謀之。 楊國忠揚揚有得色，曰：「今反者獨祿山耳，將士皆不欲也。 不過旬日，必傳首詣行在。」 上以為然，大臣相顧失色。 上遣特進畢思琛詣東京，金吾將軍程千里詣河東，各簡募數萬人，隨便團結以拒之。 辛未，安西節度使封常清入朝，上問以討賊方略，常清大言曰：「今太平積久，故人望風憚賊。 然事有逆順，勢有奇變，臣請走馬詣東京，開府庫，募驍勇，挑馬棰渡河，計日取逆胡之首獻闕下！」 上悅。 壬申，以常清為范陽、平盧節度使。 常清即日乘驛詣東京募兵，旬日，得六萬人； 乃斷河陽橋，為守禦之備。
On gengwu the emperor learned that Lushan had indeed rebelled and summoned the chief ministers to plan. Yang Guozhong looked triumphant and said, "Only Lushan has rebelled; his soldiers do not want this. Within ten days his head will be sent to Your Majesty's camp." The emperor believed him; the ministers looked at one another in dismay. The emperor sent Special Advancement Holder Bi Sichen to the Eastern Capital and General of the Golden Guards Cheng Qianli to Hedong, each to raise tens of thousands of men wherever they could to resist. On xinwei Anxi military commissioner Feng Changqing came to court; asked for a plan against the rebels, he said boldly, "Peace has lasted so long that men flee at the mere report of the rebels. Yet fortune turns, and war has its surprises. Let me ride to the Eastern Capital, open the treasuries, raise brave men, cross the river at a gallop, and within days bring the rebel's head to court!" The emperor was delighted. On renshen Changqing was made Fanyang and Pinglu military commissioner. Changqing rode post that same day to the Eastern Capital to raise troops; within ten days he had sixty thousand men. He then destroyed the Heyang Bridge and prepared to defend.
40
甲戌，祿山至博陵南，何千年等執楊光翽見祿山，責光翽以附楊國忠，斬之以徇。 祿山使其將安忠志將精兵軍土門，忠志，奚人，祿山養為假子； 又以張獻誠攝博陵太守，獻誠，守珪之子也。
On jiaxu Lushan reached south of Boling; He Qiannian and the others brought Yang Guangbi before him, accused him of siding with Yang Guozhong, and beheaded him as a warning. Lushan sent his general An Zhongzhi, a Xi man he had adopted, to garrison Tumen with elite troops. He also put Zhang Xiancheng, son of Zhang Shougui, in charge as Boling prefect.
41
祿山至蒿城，常山太守顏杲卿力不能拒，與長史袁履謙往迎之。 祿山輒賜杲卿金紫，質其子弟，使仍守常山； 又使其將李欽湊將兵數千人守井陘口，以備西來諸軍。 杲卿歸，途中指其衣謂履謙曰：「何為著此？」 履謙悟其意，乃陰與杲卿謀起兵討祿山。 杲卿，思魯之玄孫也。
When Lushan reached Hao city, Changshan prefect Yan Gaoqing, unable to resist, went with chief administrator Yuan Lüqian to welcome him. Lushan at once gave Gaoqing gold and purple insignia, took his sons as hostages, and left him in charge of Changshan. He also sent his general Li Qincou with several thousand men to hold Jingxing Pass against armies from the west. On the way back Gaoqing pointed to his robes and asked Lüqian, "Why am I wearing these?" Lüqian understood, and the two secretly plotted to raise troops against Lushan. Gaoqing was the great-great-grandson of Yan Silu.
42
丙子，上還宮。 斬太僕卿安慶宗，賜榮義郡主自盡。 以朔方節度使安思順為戶部尚書，思順弟元貞為太僕卿。 以朔方右廂兵馬使、九原太守郭子儀為朔方節度使，右羽林大將軍王承業為太原尹。 置河南節度使，領陳留等十三郡，以衛尉卿猗氏張介然為之。 以程千里為潞州長史。 諸郡當賊沖者，始置防禦使。 丁丑，以榮王琬為元帥，右金吾大將軍高仙芝副之，統諸軍東征。 出內府錢帛，於京師募兵十一萬，號曰天武軍，旬日而集，皆市井子弟也。
On bingzi the emperor returned to the palace. Grand Master of the Stud An Qingzong was beheaded, and Princess Rongyi was ordered to kill herself. Shuofang military commissioner An Sishun was made Minister of Revenue, and his brother Yuanzhen Grand Master of the Stud. Shuofang Right Wing army commissioner and Jiuyuan prefect Guo Ziyi was made Shuofang military commissioner, and Right General of the Forest of Feathers Wang Chengye metropolitan magistrate of Taiyuan. A Henan military commissioner was created over thirteen commanderies including Chenliu, and Minister of the Guard Zhang Jieran of Yishi was appointed. Cheng Qianli was made chief administrator of Luzhou. Defense commissioners were first appointed in commanderies in the rebels' path. On dingchou Prince Rong Wan was made commander-in-chief with Right General of the Golden Guards Gao Xianzhi as deputy to lead the eastern campaign. Money and silk from the inner treasury were used to raise one hundred ten thousand men in the capital, called the Heavenly Martial Army; they assembled within ten days—all townsmen and market youths.
43
十二月，丙戌，高仙芝將飛騎、擴騎及新募兵、邊兵在京師者合五萬人，發長安。 上遣宦者監門將軍邊令誠監其軍，屯於陝。
In the twelfth month, on bingxu, Gao Xianzhi led fifty thousand Flying Cavalry, expanded cavalry, new recruits, and frontier troops stationed in the capital out of Chang'an. The emperor sent eunuch Gate Guard General Bian Lingcheng to supervise the army, which encamped at Shan.
44
丁亥，安祿山自靈昌渡河，以絲亙約敗船及草木橫絕河流，一夕，冰合如浮梁，遂陷炅昌郡。 祿山步騎散漫，人莫知其數，所過殘滅。 張介然至陳留才數日，祿山至，授兵乘城。 眾忷懼，不能守。 庚寅，太守郭納以城降。 祿山入北郭，聞安慶宗死，慟哭曰：「我何罪，而殺我子！」 時陳留將士降者夾道近萬人，祿山皆殺之以快其忿； 斬張介然於軍門。 以其將李庭望為節度使，守陳留。
On dinghai An Lushan crossed the Yellow River from Lingchang, binding wrecked boats and brush into the current; overnight the ice formed a bridge, and he took Lingchang commandery. His infantry and cavalry spread out in a vast host whose numbers no one could tell, ravaging everything in their path. Zhang Jieran had been in Chenliu only a few days when Lushan arrived; he armed the men and manned the walls. The troops panicked and could not hold the city. On gengyin prefect Guo Na surrendered the city. Lushan entered the northern quarter; when he heard Qingzong was dead, he wailed, "What crime did I commit, that you killed my son!" Nearly ten thousand Chenliu soldiers who had surrendered lined the road; Lushan killed them all to vent his rage. He beheaded Zhang Jieran before the army gate. He made his general Li Tingwang military commissioner to hold Chenliu.
45
壬辰，上下制欲親征，其朔方、河西、隴右兵留守城堡之外，皆赴行營，令節度使自將之，期二十日畢集。
On renchen the emperor announced he would campaign in person; Shuofang, Hexi, and Longyou troops, except garrisons left to hold the fortresses, were to march to the field camp under their commissioners' command, all to assemble within twenty days.
46
初，平原太守顏真卿知祿山且反，因霖雨，完城浚壕，料丁壯，實倉廩。 祿山以其書生，易之。 及祿山反，牒真卿以平原、博平兵七千人防河津，真卿遣平原司兵李平間道奏之。 上始聞祿山反，河北郡縣皆風靡，歎曰：「二十四郡，曾無一人義士邪！」 及平至，大喜，曰：「朕不識顏真卿作何狀，乃能如是！」 真卿使親客密懷購賊牒詣諸郡，由是諸郡多應者。 真卿，杲卿之從弟也。
Earlier, Pingyuan prefect Yan Zhenqing had known Lushan would rebel; during the rains he repaired the walls, deepened the moats, mustered able-bodied men, and filled the granaries. Lushan, thinking him only a scholar, underestimated him. When Lushan rebelled he ordered Zhenqing to guard the river crossings with seven thousand men from Pingyuan and Boping; Zhenqing sent registrar Li Ping by a secret route to report to court. When the emperor first heard of the rebellion, every Hebei commandery and county had collapsed, and he sighed, "Of twenty-four commanderies, was there not one loyal man!" When Ping arrived he was overjoyed and said, "I do not even know what Yan Zhenqing looks like, yet he could do this!" Zhenqing sent trusted agents secretly bearing reward notices for the capture of rebels to neighboring commanderies; many answered the call. Zhenqing was the younger cousin of Yan Gaoqing.
47
安祿山引兵向滎陽，太守崔無詖拒之； 士卒乘城者，聞鼓角聲，自墜如雨。 癸巳，祿山陷滎陽，殺無詖，以其將武令珣守之。 祿山聲勢益張，以其將田承嗣、安忠志、張孝忠為前鋒。 封常清所募兵皆白徒，未更訓練，屯武牢以拒賊； 賊以鐵騎蹂之，官軍大敗。 常清收餘眾，戰於葵園，又敗； 戰上東門內，又敗。 丁酉，祿山陷東京，賊鼓噪自四門入，縱兵殺掠。 常清戰於都亭驛，又敗； 退守宣仁門，又敗； 乃自苑西壞牆西走。
An Lushan marched on Xingyang, but prefect Cui Wubi barred his way. Soldiers manning the walls, at the first sound of drums and horns, leapt from the battlements like rain. On guisi Lushan captured Xingyang, killed Wubi, and left his general Wu Lingxun as garrison commander. Lushan's power swelled daily; he put Tian Chengsi, An Zhongzhi, and Zhang Xiaozhong at the head of his advance. Feng Changqing's recruits were untrained civilians, whom he had stationed at Wulao to hold back the rebels. Rebel iron cavalry rode them down, and the imperial troops broke in ruin. Changqing rallied the remnants and gave battle at Kuai Garden—again he was beaten. He fought again inside the Upper East Gate, and once more was routed. On dingyou Lushan took the Eastern Capital; rebels stormed in through all four gates to the clamor of drums and went on a rampage of slaughter and looting. Changqing fought at Duting Post and lost again. He fell back to defend the Xuanren Gate—and was beaten yet again. At last he broke through the ruined wall west of the imperial park and fled westward.
48
河南尹達奚珣降於祿山。 留守李□謂御史中丞盧奕曰：「吾曹荷國重任，雖知力不敵，必死之！」 奕許諾。 □收殘兵數百，欲戰，皆棄□潰去； □獨坐府中。 弈先遣妻子懷印間道走長安，朝服坐台中，左右皆散。 祿山屯於閒廄，使人執□、奕及採訪判官蔣清，皆殺之。 奕罵祿山，數其罪，顧賊黨曰：「凡為人當知逆順。 我死不失節，夫復何恨！」 □，文水人； 奕，懷慎之子； 清，欽緒之子也。 祿山以其黨張萬頃為河南尹。
Dadao Xun, governor of Henan, surrendered to Lushan. Acting governor Li □ told Censor-in-Chief Lu Yi, "The empire has laid a grave burden on us; though we cannot match the enemy, we must die trying!" Yi promised he would. □ rallied a few hundred survivors and tried to make a stand, but the men bolted and scattered. □ sat alone in the administrative hall. Yi had sent his family ahead with the official seal by a hidden route to Chang'an; now, clad in court robes, he sat alone on the dais as his attendants melted away. Lushan camped in the spare imperial stables and had his men seize □, Yi, and investigating commissioner Jiang Qing—all were put to death. Yi railed at Lushan, reciting his crimes, then turned to the rebel throng and declared, "Every man must know the difference between loyalty and treason. I shall die with my honor intact—what is there to regret! □ was from Wenshui. Yi was the son of Lu Huai Shen. Jiang Qing was the son of Jiang Qin Xu. Lushan installed his follower Zhang Wanqing as governor of Henan."
49
封常清帥餘眾至峽，陝郡太守竇廷芝已奔河東，吏民皆散。 常清謂高仙芝曰：「常清連日血戰，賊鋒不可當。 且潼關無兵，若賊豕突入關，則長安危矣。 陝不可守，不如引兵先據潼關以拒之。」 仙芝乃帥見兵西趣潼關。 賊尋至，官軍狼狽走，無復部伍，士馬相騰踐，死者甚眾。 至潼關，修完守備，賊至，不得入而去。 祿山使其將崔乾祐屯陝，臨汝、弘農、濟陰、濮陽、雲中郡皆降於祿山。 是時，朝廷徵兵諸道，皆未至，關中忷懼。 會祿山方謀稱帝，留東京不進，故朝廷得為之備，兵亦稍集。
Feng Changqing led the battered remnant to Xia Pass, but Shan commandery prefect Dou Tingzhi had already fled to Hedong and the officials and populace had melted away. Changqing told Gao Xianzhi, "I have fought bloody battle after bloody battle—the rebels' assault is unstoppable. And Tong Pass stands empty; if the rebels burst through like charging boars, Chang'an itself will be lost. We cannot hold Shan—better withdraw now and seize Tong Pass before they do. Xianzhi at once marched west with every man he had left toward Tong Pass. The rebels soon caught up; imperial troops fled in chaos, ranks dissolved, horses and men trampling one another—the dead were beyond count. Reaching Tong Pass they restored the fortifications; when the rebels arrived they could not break through and turned back. Lushan posted Cui Qian You at Shan, while Linru, Hongnong, Jiyin, Puyang, and Yunzhong all submitted to him. The court had called up troops from every circuit, yet none had arrived; terror gripped the Guanzhong region. Fortune favored the court: Lushan was preparing to declare himself emperor and lingered in the Eastern Capital, giving the government time to regroup as reinforcements slowly gathered."
50
祿山以張通儒之弟通晤為睢陽太守，與陳留長史楊朝宗將胡騎千餘東略地，郡縣官多望風降走，惟東平太守嗣吳王祗、濟南太守李隨起兵拒之。 祗，禕之弟也。 郡縣之不從賊者，皆倚吳王為名。 單父尉賈賁帥吏民南擊睢陽，斬張通晤。 李庭望引兵欲東徇地，聞之，不敢進而還。 庚子，以永王璘為山南節度使，江陵長史源洧為之副； 穎王□為劍南節度使，蜀郡長史崔圓為之副。 二王皆不出閣。 洧，光裕之子也。
Lushan made Zhang Tongwu, younger brother of Zhang Tongru, prefect of Suiyang; with Chenliu chief administrator Yang Chaozong he led a thousand Hu horsemen eastward to conquer the countryside. Officials everywhere surrendered or fled—only Eastern Peace prefect Prince of Wu Di and Ji'nan prefect Li Sui took up arms against them. Di was the younger brother of Prince Yi. Every commandery and county that held out against the rebels did so under the banner of the Prince of Wu. Jia Fen, magistrate of Danfu, led local officials and militia south against Suiyang and struck down Zhang Tongwu. Li Tingwang, who had been marching east to expand rebel territory, turned back when he heard the news. On gengzi Prince Yong Lin was appointed military commissioner of Shannan, with Jiangling chief administrator Yuan Wei as his deputy. Prince of Ying □ was named military commissioner of Jiannan, with Shu commandery chief administrator Cui Yuan as deputy. Neither prince ever left the palace confines—both appointments were nominal. Yuan Wei was the son of Yuan Guang Yu.
51
上議親征，辛丑，制太子臨國，謂宰相曰：「朕在位垂五十載，倦於憂勤，去秋已欲傳位太子； 值水旱相仍，不欲以餘災遺子孫，淹留俟稍豐。 不意逆胡橫發，朕當親征，且使之監國。 事平之日，朕將高枕無為矣。」 楊國忠大懼，退謂韓、虢、秦三夫人曰：「太子素惡吾家專橫久矣，若一旦得天下，吾與姊妹並命在旦暮矣！」 相與聚哭，使三夫人說貴妃，銜土請命於上； 事遂寢。
The emperor contemplated leading the army himself; on xinchou he decreed that the crown prince would govern in his stead and told his chief ministers, "Near fifty years on the throne have wearied me with ceaseless care; as early as last autumn I meant to abdicate in favor of the crown prince. Floods and drought struck in succession, and I refused to leave such misfortune as my legacy—I stayed on, waiting for better days. I never imagined the rebel would erupt so suddenly; I must take the field myself and leave him to govern the realm in my absence. When peace returns, I shall finally lay down the burden and rest. Yang Guozhong was terrified. He withdrew and told the Ladies of Han, Guo, and Qin, "The crown prince has hated our family's arrogance for years—if he ever takes the throne, my sisters and I are dead by morning!" They wept together and sent the three ladies to plead with the Noble Consort, who in turn begged the emperor on bended knee as though holding earth in her mouth. The plan was quietly abandoned."
52
顏真卿召募勇士，旬日至萬餘人，諭以舉兵討安祿山，繼以涕泣，士皆感憤。 祿山使其黨段子光繼李□、盧奕、蔣清首徇河北諸郡，至平原，壬寅，真卿執子光，腰斬以徇； 取三人首，續以蒲身，棺斂葬之，祭哭受吊。 祿山以海運使劉道玄攝景城太守，清池尉賈載、鹽山尉河內穆寧共斬道玄，得其甲仗五十餘船； 攜道玄首謁長史李□，□收嚴莊宗族，悉誅之。 是日，送道玄首至平原，真卿召載、寧及清河尉張澹詣平原計事。 饒陽太守盧全誠據城不受代； 河間司法李奐殺祿山所署長史王懷忠； 李隨遣游弈將訾嗣賢濟河，殺祿山所署博平太守馬冀； 各有眾數千或萬人，共推真卿為盟主，軍事皆稟焉。 祿山使張獻誠將上谷、博陵、常山、趙郡、文安五郡團結兵萬人圍饒陽。
Yan Zhenqing raised a force of brave men; within ten days more than ten thousand had gathered. He called on them to take up arms against An Lushan, weeping as he spoke, and every man burned with righteous fury. Lushan sent his follower Duan Ziguang to parade the heads of Li □, Lu Yi, and Jiang Qing through Hebei as a warning; when he reached Pingyuan on renyin, Zhenqing seized him and had him cut in half at the waist for all to see. He recovered the three heads, fashioned rush bodies to complete the corpses, gave them proper burial, and mourned them with rites while accepting the condolences of the people. Lushan had placed maritime transport commissioner Liu Daoxuan in charge of Jingcheng; magistrate Jia Zai of Qingchi and magistrate Mu Ning of Yanshan in Henei joined forces to kill Daoxuan and capture more than fifty boatloads of arms and armor. They brought Daoxuan's head to chief administrator Li □, who rounded up the entire clan of Yan Zhuang and put them all to death. That same day Daoxuan's head reached Pingyuan; Zhenqing called together Zai, Ning, and Qinghe magistrate Zhang Tan to counsel on strategy. Raoyang prefect Lu Quancheng held his city and refused to yield to the rebel appointee. Li Huan, judicial officer of Hejian, killed Wang Huaizhong, the chief administrator Lushan had installed. Li Sui sent roaming inspector Zi Sixian across the Yellow River to kill Ma Ji, Lushan's appointee as prefect of Boping. Each commanded thousands or even ten thousand men; together they chose Zhenqing as their alliance chief, and every military decision passed through him. Lushan dispatched Zhang Xiancheng with ten thousand levies from Shanggu, Boling, Changshan, Zhao, and Wen'an to lay siege to Raoyang.
53
高仙芝之東征也，監軍邊令誠數以事幹之，仙芝多不從。 令誠入奏事，具言仙芝、常清橈敗之狀，且云：「常清以賊搖眾，而仙芝棄陝地數百里，又盜減軍士糧賜。」 上大怒，癸卯，遣令誠繼敕即軍中斬仙芝及常清。 初，常清既敗，三遣使奉表陳賊形勢，上皆不之見。 常清乃自馳詣闕，至渭南，敕削其官爵，令還仙芝軍，白衣自效。 常清草遺表曰：「臣死之後，望陛下不輕此賊，無忘臣言！」 時朝議皆以為祿山狂悖，不日授首，故常清云然。 令誠至潼關，先引常清，宣敕示之； 常清以表附令誠上之。 常清既死，陳屍蘧蒢。 仙芝還，至聽事，令誠索陌刀手百餘人自隨，乃謂仙芝曰：「大夫亦有恩命。」 仙芝遽下，令誠宣敕。 仙芝曰：「我遇敵而退，死則宜矣。 今上戴天，下履地，謂我盜減糧賜則誣也。」 時士卒在前，皆大呼稱枉，其聲振地； 遂斬之，以將軍李承光攝領其眾。
During Gao Xianzhi's eastern campaign, army supervisor Bian Lingcheng meddled at every turn, and Xianzhi largely ignored him. Lingcheng went to court and laid out the full story of Xianzhi's and Changqing's routs, adding, "Changqing inflated the rebel threat to panic the army, while Xianzhi abandoned hundreds of li in Shan—and embezzled the soldiers' rations and pay besides." The emperor flew into a rage; on guimao he dispatched Lingcheng with orders to behead Xianzhi and Changqing on the spot in camp. After his defeat Changqing had three times sent memorials detailing the rebel threat, and the emperor refused even to read them. Changqing then galloped to court himself; at Weinan an edict stripped him of rank and sent him back to Xianzhi's army in commoner's dress to redeem himself. Changqing wrote a death memorial: "When I am gone, Your Majesty, do not take this rebel lightly—and do not forget what I tell you now!" Court opinion then held that Lushan was a reckless madman who would be beheaded any day—which was why Changqing wrote as he did. Lingcheng arrived at Tong Pass and first summoned Changqing to read the imperial decree. Changqing handed his memorial to Lingcheng to deliver to the throne. After Changqing was killed, his body was laid out on a straw mat for all to see. Xianzhi returned to headquarters; Lingcheng appeared with more than a hundred saber-wielding executioners at his back and told Xianzhi, "You have an edict as well, Grand Marshal." Xianzhi stepped down at once; Lingcheng read the decree aloud. Xianzhi said, "I retreated before the enemy—if I must die, so be it. I stand under heaven and upon the earth—the charge that I stole the soldiers' rations is a lie. The soldiers massed before him, roaring that he had been wronged until the ground itself seemed to shake. He was beheaded on the spot, and General Li Chengguang was placed in temporary command of the army."
54
河西、隴右節度使哥舒翰病廢在家，上藉其威名，且素與祿山不協，召見，拜兵馬副元帥，將兵八萬以討祿山； 仍敕天下四面進兵，會攻洛陽。 翰以病固辭，上不許，以田良丘為御史中丞，充行軍司馬，起居郎蕭昕為判官，蕃將火拔歸仁等各將部落以從，並仙芝舊卒，號二十萬，軍於潼關。 翰病，不能治事，悉以軍政委田良丘； 良丘復不敢專決，使王思禮主騎，李承光主步，二人爭長，無所統一。 翰用法嚴而不恤，士卒皆懈弛，無鬥志。
Geshu Han, military commissioner of Hexi and Longyou, lay ill and infirm at home; the emperor, trusting in his renown and knowing his old enmity with Lushan, summoned him, made him vice marshal of armies and cavalry, and gave him eighty thousand men to crush the rebellion. He also decreed a converging attack on Luoyang from every direction. Han pleaded illness and refused, but the emperor would not hear of it. Tian Liangqiu became censor-in-chief and army secretary; palace attendant Xiao Xin served as adjutant; tribal commanders such as Huoba Guiren brought their warriors; together with Xianzhi's veterans they mustered two hundred thousand men and encamped at Tong Pass. Geshu Han was too ill to command; he delegated all military authority to Tian Liangqiu. But Liangqiu dared make no decision on his own, splitting command between Wang Sili for cavalry and Li Chengguang for infantry—two rivals with no unified leadership. Han enforced discipline with pitiless severity; morale collapsed and the men lost all will to fight.
55
安祿山大同軍使高秀巖寇振武軍，朔方節度使郭子儀擊敗之，子儀乘勝拔靜邊軍。 大同兵馬使薛忠義寇靜邊軍，子儀使左兵馬使李光弼、右兵馬使高浚、左武鋒使僕固懷恩、右武鋒使渾釋之等逆擊，大破之，坑其騎七千。 進圍雲中，使別將公孫瓊巖將二千騎擊馬邑，拔之，開東陘關。 甲辰，加子儀御史大夫。 懷恩，哥濫拔延之曾孫也，世為金微都督。 釋之，渾部酋長，世為皋蘭都督。
An Lushan's Datong army commissioner Gao Xiuyan struck at Zhenwu Army; Guo Ziyi, military commissioner of Shuofang, routed him and drove on to capture Jingbian Army. Datong cavalry commander Xue Zhongyi attacked Jingbian Army; Guo Ziyi sent Li Guangbi, Gao Jun, Pugu Huai'en, Hun Shizhi, and others to intercept them, crushing the rebel force and burying seven thousand horsemen alive. He pressed on to besiege Yunzhong, dispatched Gongsun Qiongyan with two thousand horsemen to seize Mayi, and reopened Dongxing Pass. On jiachen Guo Ziyi was promoted to censor-in-chief. Pugu Huai'en was great-grandson of Gelan Bayan; his family had held the Jinwei governorship for generations. Hun Shizhi was a chieftain of the Hun people; his clan had governed Gao Lan for generations.
56
顏杲卿將起兵，參軍馮虔、前真定令賈深、蒿城尉崔安石、郡人翟萬德、內丘丞張通幽等皆預其謀； 又遣人語太原尹王承業，密與相應。 會顏真卿自平原遣杲卿甥盧逖潛告杲卿，欲連兵斷祿山歸路，以緩其西入之謀。 時祿山遣其金吾將軍高邈詣幽州徵兵，未還，杲卿以祿山命召李欽湊，使帥眾詣群受犒賚； 丙午，薄暮，欽湊至，杲卿使袁履謙、馮虔等攜酒食妓樂往勞之，並其黨皆大醉，乃斷欽湊首，收其甲兵，盡縛其黨，明日，斬之，悉散井陘之眾。 有頃，高邈自幽州還，且至蒿城，杲卿使馮虔往擒之。 南境又白何千年自東京來，崔安石與崔萬德馳詣醴泉驛迎千年，又擒之，同日致於郡下。 千年謂杲卿曰：「今太守欲輸力王室，既善其始，當慎其終。 此郡應募烏合，難以臨敵，宜深溝高壘，勿與爭鋒。 俟朔方軍至，並力齊進，傳檄趙、魏、斷燕、薊要膂，彼則成擒矣。 今且宜聲云『李光弼引步騎一萬出井陘』，因使人說張獻誠云：『足下所將多團練之人，無堅甲利兵，難以當山西勁兵』，獻誠必解圍遁去。 此亦一奇也。」 杲卿悅，用其策，獻誠果遁去，其團練兵皆潰。 杲卿乃使人入饒陽城，慰勞將士。 命崔安石等徇諸郡云：「大軍已下井陘，朝夕當至，先平河北諸郡。 先下者賞，後至者誅！」 於是河北諸郡響應，凡十七郡皆歸朝廷，兵合二十餘萬； 其附祿山者，惟范陽、盧龍、密雲、漁陽、汲、鄴六郡而已。
Yan Gaoqing prepared to rise in arms; staff officer Feng Qian, former magistrate Jia Shen of Zhending, magistrate Cui Anshi of Haocheng, local leader Zhai Wande, Neiqiu assistant magistrate Zhang Tongyou, and others all joined the conspiracy. He also sent secret word to Taiyuan governor Wang Chengye, urging him to act in concert. Meanwhile Yan Zhenqing sent Gaoqing's nephew Lu Su by a secret route from Pingyuan with word that they should unite to sever Lushan's retreat and delay his westward advance. Lushan had sent Gold Crow Guard general Gao Miao to Youzhou to raise troops and had not yet returned; Gaoqing forged Lushan's summons for Li Qincou and had him march his men to the commandery to collect their reward. On bingwu at dusk Li Qincou arrived; Gaoqing sent Yuan Lüqian and Feng Qian with wine, feasts, and entertainers to welcome him. Qincou and his men drank themselves senseless; Gaoqing's men struck off Qincou's head, seized their arms, bound the rest, executed them the next day, and scattered the garrison at Jingxing Pass. Soon Gao Miao returned from Youzhou and was nearing Haocheng; Gaoqing dispatched Feng Qian to take him. Word came from the south that He Qiannian was marching from the Eastern Capital; Cui Anshi and Cui Wande rode out to Lichuan Post to greet him—and seized him as well. Both prisoners reached the commandery capital that same day. He Qiannian told Gaoqing, "You mean to serve the throne—that is well begun. See that you finish as wisely as you start. The men this commandery has mustered are a disorderly mob, unfit to meet the enemy in the field; dig deep moats, raise high walls, and do not try to win the first clash. Wait for the Shuofang army to arrive, then advance in concert; issue proclamations across Zhao and Wei and sever the rebel lifeline through Yan and Ji—and they will be taken alive. For the moment, spread word that Li Guangbi is marching ten thousand foot and horse out of Jingxing Pass, then send an envoy to Zhang Xiancheng: 'Your force is mostly local militia, poorly armed—they cannot stand against the hard fighters of Shanxi.' Xiancheng will lift the siege and run. That too would be a bold stroke." Gaoqing was delighted and adopted the plan. Xiancheng fled as predicted, and his militia scattered in rout. Gaoqing then sent envoys into Raoyang to hearten the garrison. He had Cui Anshi and others ride through the commanderies proclaiming: 'The main army has already come down through Jingxing Pass and will arrive within days—Hebei will be pacified first. Submit first and be rewarded; hold out and be put to death!' At that, commanderies across Hebei answered the call; seventeen in all returned to the throne, and their combined strength exceeded two hundred thousand men. Only six commanderies still held for Lushan: Fanyang, Lulong, Miyun, Yuyang, Ji, and Ye.
57
杲卿又密使人入漁陽招賈循，郟城人馬燧說循曰：「祿山負恩悖逆，雖得洛陽，終歸夷滅。 公若誅諸將之不從命者，以范陽歸國，傾其根柢，此不世之功也。」 循然之，猶豫不時發。 別將牛潤容知之，以告祿山，祿山使其黨韓朝陽召循。 朝陽至漁陽，引循屏語，使壯士縊殺之，滅其族； 以別將牛廷玠知范陽軍事。 史思明、李立節將蕃、漢步騎萬人擊博陵、常山。 馬燧亡入西山； 隱者徐遇匿之，得免。
Gaoqing also sent secret envoys to Yuyang to recruit Jia Xun. Ma Sui of Jia Cheng urged him: 'Lushan has betrayed the throne; though he holds Luoyang now, he will be destroyed in the end. If you kill the officers who refuse your orders and return Fanyang to the dynasty, you will uproot the rebellion at its source—a feat for the ages.' Xun agreed, but hesitated and never moved when he should have. Deputy commander Niu Runrong learned of the plot and informed Lushan, who sent his follower Han Chaoyang to summon Xun. When Chaoyang reached Yuyang he drew Xun aside for a private word, then had strong men strangle him and wiped out his entire family. He put deputy commander Niu Tingjie in charge of Fanyang's military affairs. Shi Siming and Li Lijie marched ten thousand mixed barbarian and Han foot and horse against Boling and Changshan. Ma Sui fled into the Western Mountains. The hermit Xu Yu sheltered him, and he survived.
58
初，祿山自將欲攻潼關，至新安，聞河北有變而還。 蔡希德將兵萬人自河內北擊常山。
Earlier Lushan had led his army in person toward Tong Pass; when he reached Xin'an and heard that Hebei had risen against him, he turned back. Cai Xide led ten thousand men north from Henei to attack Changshan.
59
戊申，榮王琬薨，贈謚靖恭太子。
On wushen Prince Rong Wan died and was posthumously honored as Prince Jinggong.
60
是歲，吐蕃贊普乞梨蘇籠獵贊卒，子娑悉籠獵贊立。
That year the Tibetan emperor Qili Sulungliezan died, and his son Suoxi Sulungliezan succeeded him.
61
肅宗文明武德大聖大宣孝皇帝上之上
Emperor Suzong of Tang, Upper Part of the Upper Scroll
62
玄宗至道大聖大明孝皇帝下之下至德元年（ 丙申，公元七五六年）
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, Latter Part of the Lower Scroll, Zhide year 1 ( bingshen, AD 756)
63
春，正月，乙卯朔，祿山自稱大燕皇帝，改元聖武，以達奚珣為侍中，張通儒為中書令，高尚、嚴莊為中書侍郎。
In spring, the first month, on the yimao new moon, Lushan declared himself Emperor of Great Yan and adopted the era name Shengwu. He made Daxi Xun Palace Attendant, Zhang Tongru Director of the Secretariat, and Gao Shang and Yan Zhuang Vice Directors of the Secretariat.
64
李隨至睢陽，有眾數萬。 丙辰，以隨為河南節度使，以前高要尉許遠為睢陽太守兼防禦使。 濮陽客尚衡起兵討祿山，以郡人王棲曜為衙前總管，攻拔濟陰，殺祿山將邢超然。
Li Sui reached Suiyang at the head of several tens of thousands of men. On bingchen Li Sui was appointed Henan military commissioner, and the former magistrate of Gaoyao, Xu Yuan, was made prefect of Suiyang and defense commissioner. Shang Heng of Puyang took up arms against Lushan, made the local man Wang Qiyao his front commander, captured Jiyin, and killed Lushan's general Xing Chaoran.
65
顏杲卿使其子泉明、賈深、翟萬德獻李欽湊首及何千年、高邈於京師。 張通幽泣請曰：「通幽兄陷賊，乞與泉明偕行，以救宗族。」 杲卿哀而許之。 至太原，通幽欲自托於王承業，乃教之留泉明等，更其表，多自為功，毀短杲卿，別遣使獻之。 杲卿起兵才八日，守備未完，史思明、蔡希德引兵皆至城下。 杲卿告急於承業。 承業既竊其功，利於城陷，遂擁兵不救。 杲卿晝夜拒戰，糧盡矢竭； 壬戌，城陷。 賊縱兵殺萬餘人，執杲卿及袁履謙等送洛陽。 王承業使者至京師，玄宗大喜，拜承業羽林大將軍，麾下受官爵者以百數。 征顏杲卿為衛尉卿，朝命未至，常山已陷。
Yan Gaoqing sent his son Quanming, together with Jia Shen and Zhai Wande, to the capital with Li Qincou's head and the captives He Qiannian and Gao Miao. Zhang Tongyou wept and pleaded: 'My elder brother is trapped with the rebels—let me go with Quanming to save our family.' Moved, Gaoqing granted his request. At Taiyuan, Tongyou sought favor with Wang Chengye. He persuaded Chengye to hold Quanming and the others, rewrite the memorial to credit himself, slander Gaoqing, and send a separate envoy to present the trophies. Gaoqing had been in arms only eight days and his defenses were still unfinished when Shi Siming and Cai Xide marched up and encamped beneath the walls. Gaoqing sent urgent appeals to Chengye for relief. Chengye had already stolen the credit and stood to gain if the city fell, so he kept his army idle and refused to help. Gaoqing fought on day and night until food ran out and arrows were gone. On renxu the city fell. The rebels slaughtered more than ten thousand people, seized Gaoqing, Yuan Lüqian, and the rest, and sent them to Luoyang. When Wang Chengye's envoy reached the capital, Emperor Xuanzong was overjoyed. He made Chengye General of the Feathered Forest and ennobled hundreds of his followers. The court summoned Yan Gaoqing to be Minister of the Guard for the Emperor, but the decree had not yet arrived when Changshan fell.
66
杲卿至洛陽，祿山數之曰：「汝自范陽戶曹，我奏汝為判官，不數年超至太守，何負於汝而反邪？」 杲卿瞋目罵曰：「汝本營州牧羊羯奴，天子擢汝為三道節度使，恩幸無比，何負於汝而反？ 我世為唐臣，祿位皆唐有，雖為汝所奏，豈從汝反邪！ 我為國討賊，恨不斬汝，何謂反也！ 臊羯狗，何不速殺我！」 祿山大怒，並袁履謙等縛於中橋之柱而冎之。 杲卿、履謙比死，罵不虛口。 顏氏一門死於刀鋸者三十餘人。
When Gaoqing reached Luoyang, Lushan berated him: 'You were a mere clerk in Fanyang; I had you made my aide and within a few years raised you to prefect. What did I ever do to you that you turned against me?' Gaoqing glared and shouted back: 'You were a Jie shepherd-slave from Yingzhou! The Son of Heaven made you commissioner of three circuits and favored you beyond measure—what did he ever do to you that you rebelled? My family has served Tang for generations; every rank I hold comes from the throne. You may have recommended me, but I would never follow you in rebellion! I took up arms to destroy a traitor to the realm—I only regret that I did not cut off your head. How dare you call me a rebel! Filthy Jie cur—kill me now!' Lushan flew into a rage, had them bound to the pillars of the Central Bridge together with Yuan Lüqian and the others, and cut them to pieces. Gaoqing and Lüqian went to their deaths side by side, cursing without pause. More than thirty members of the Yan clan died by the executioner's blade.
67
史思明、李立節、蔡希德既克常山，引兵擊諸郡之不從者，所過殘滅，於是鄴、廣平、巨鹿、趙、上谷、博陵、文安、魏、信都等郡復為賊守。 饒陽太守盧全誠獨不從，思明等圍之。 河間司法李奐將七千人、景城長史李□遣其子祀將八千人救之，皆為思明所敗。
After Shi Siming, Li Lijie, and Cai Xide captured Changshan, they marched against every commandery that still held out, leaving devastation in their wake. Ye, Guangping, Julu, Zhao, Shanggu, Boling, Wen'an, Wei, Xindu, and others fell back into rebel hands. Only Raoyang prefect Lu Quancheng refused to yield, and Siming's forces laid siege to the city. Li Huan, judicial officer of Hejian, marched seven thousand men to the relief, and Li Min, chief administrator of Jingcheng, sent his son Si with eight thousand more—but Siming defeated them both.
68
上命郭子儀罷圍雲中，還朔方，益發兵進取東京； 選良將一人分兵先出井陘，定河北。 子儀薦李光弼，癸亥，以光弼為河東節度使，分朔方兵萬人與之。
The emperor ordered Guo Ziyi to lift the siege of Yunzhong, return to Shuofang, and send more troops to retake the Eastern Capital. He was to choose a capable general to lead a detached force through Jingxing Pass and pacify Hebei. Guo Ziyi recommended Li Guangbi. On guihai Guangbi was appointed Hedong military commissioner and given ten thousand men from the Shuofang army.
69
甲子，加哥舒翰左僕射、同平章事，餘如故。
On jiazi Geshu Han was made Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Associate Grand Councillor; his other offices were unchanged.
70
置南陽節度使，以南陽太守魯炅為之，將嶺南、黔中、襄陽子弟五萬人屯葉北，以備安祿山。 炅表薛願為穎川太守兼防禦使，龐堅為副使。 願，故太子瑛之妃兄； 堅，玉之玄孫也。 乙丑，安祿山遣其子慶緒寇潼關，哥舒翰擊卻之。
A Nanyang military commission was created, with Nanyang prefect Lu Cong in command. He led fifty thousand recruits from Lingnan, Qianzhong, and Xiangyang to camp north of Ye and block An Lushan's advance. Lu Cong recommended Xue Yuan as prefect of Yingchuan and defense commissioner, with Pang Jian as his deputy. Xue Yuan was the elder brother of the former crown prince Ying's consort. Pang Jian was the great-great-grandson of Pang Yu. On yichou An Lushan sent his son Qingxu against Tong Pass; Geshu Han drove him back.
71
己巳，加顏真卿戶部侍郎兼本郡防禦使； 真卿以李□為副。
On jisi Yan Zhenqing was made Vice Minister of Revenue and defense commissioner of his own commandery. Zhenqing appointed Li Min as his deputy.
72
二月，丙戌，加李光弼魏郡太守、河北道採訪史。
In the second month, on bingxu, Li Guangbi was also made prefect of Wei commandery and investigating commissioner of the Hebei circuit.
73
史思明等圍饒陽二十九日，不下，李光弼將蕃、漢步騎萬餘人、太原弩手三千人出井陘。 己亥，至常山，常山團練兵三千人殺胡兵，執安思義出降。 光弼謂思義曰：「汝自知當死否？」 思義不應。 光弼曰：「汝久更陳行，視吾此眾，可敵思明否？ 今為我計當如何？ 汝策可取，當不殺汝。」 思義曰：「大夫士馬遠來疲弊，猝遇大敵，恐未易當； 不如移軍入城，早為備御，先料勝負，然後出兵。 胡騎雖銳，不能持重，苟不獲利，氣沮心離，於時乃可圖矣。 思明今在饒陽，去此不二百里。 昨暮羽書已去，計其先鋒來晨必至，而大軍繼之，不可不留意也。」 光弼悅，釋其縛，即移軍入城。 史思明聞常山不守，立解饒陽之圍； 明日未旦，先鋒已至，思明等繼之，合二萬餘騎，直抵城下。 光弼遣步卒五千自東門出戰，賊守門不退。 光弼命五百弩於城上齊發射之，賊稍卻； 乃出弩手千人分為四隊，使其矢發發相繼，賊不能當，斂軍道北。 光弼出兵五千為槍城於道南，夾呼沱水而陳； 賊數以騎兵搏戰，光弼之兵射之，人馬中矢者太半，乃退，小憩以俟步兵。 有村民告賊步兵五千自饒陽來，晝夜行百七十里，至九門南逢壁，度憩息。 光弼遣步騎各二千，匿旗鼓，並水潛行，至逢壁，賊方飯，縱兵掩擊，殺之無遺。 思明聞之，失勢，退入九門。 時常山九縣，七附官軍，惟九門、蒿城為賊所據。 光弼遣裨將張奉璋以兵五百戍石邑，餘皆三百人戍之。
Shi Siming had besieged Raoyang for twenty-nine days without success when Li Guangbi marched out of Jingxing Pass with more than ten thousand mixed foot and horse and three thousand Taiyuan crossbowmen. On jihai he reached Changshan, where three thousand local militiamen killed the rebel garrison, seized An Siyi, and surrendered the city. Guangbi asked Siyi, 'Do you know you deserve death?' Siyi said nothing. Guangbi said, 'You are a veteran of many campaigns—look at my army. Can it stand against Siming? Tell me what you would do in my place. Give me sound counsel, and I will spare your life.' Siyi said, 'Your men and horses have marched a long way and are exhausted; if they meet the main rebel force suddenly, they may not hold. Better to withdraw into the city, fortify your position, weigh the odds, and only then give battle. The rebel horsemen are fierce but cannot sustain a long fight; if they gain nothing, their spirit will break and their ranks will scatter—then you can strike. Siming is at Raoyang now, less than two hundred li away. He sent urgent dispatches last night; his vanguard will reach us by dawn tomorrow and the main body will follow. You must be ready.' Guangbi was pleased, freed him, and immediately withdrew his army into the city. When Shi Siming learned that Changshan had fallen, he immediately abandoned the siege of Raoyang. Before dawn the next day the rebel vanguard was already at the walls; Siming followed with more than twenty thousand horsemen. Guangbi sent five thousand infantry out the east gate to fight, but the rebels held their ground at the gate. Guangbi had five hundred crossbowmen on the wall fire together, and the rebels fell back a little. He then sent out a thousand crossbowmen in four ranks, their volleys rolling on without pause until the rebels could not stand it and pulled back north along the road. Guangbi sent five thousand men to build a palisade south of the road and drew up his line along the Hutuo River. The rebels charged again and again with cavalry, but Guangbi's archers cut them down until more than half of men and horses were hit; the rebels withdrew to rest and wait for their foot soldiers. A villager reported that five thousand rebel infantry were hurrying from Raoyang—they had marched a hundred and seventy li without pause and were resting at Fengbi, south of Jiumen. Guangbi sent two thousand foot and two thousand horse, hiding their banners and drums and stealing along the riverbank. They reached Fengbi while the rebels were at their meal and fell on them, slaughtering every man. When Siming heard the news, his force lost heart and he fell back into Jiumen. Of Changshan's nine counties, seven now stood with the imperial army; only Jiumen and Haocheng remained in rebel hands. Guangbi posted lieutenant Zhang Fengzhang with five hundred men at Shiyi and stationed three hundred at each of the other counties.
74
上以吳王祗為靈昌太守、河南都知兵馬使。 賈賁前至雍丘，有眾二千。 先是譙郡太守楊萬石以郡降安祿山，逼真源令河東張巡使為長史，西迎賊。 巡至真源，帥吏民哭於玄元皇帝廟，起兵討賊，吏民樂從者數千人； 巡選精兵千人西至雍丘，與賈賁合。
The emperor appointed Prince Wu Zhi prefect of Lingchang and overall commander of Henan's military affairs. Jia Ben had already reached Yongqiu with two thousand men. Earlier, Qiao commandery prefect Yang Wanshi had surrendered to An Lushan and forced Zhenyuan magistrate Zhang Xun of Hedong to serve as his chief administrator and march west to meet the rebels. When Xun reached Zhenyuan he led officials and commoners to weep before the Temple of the Mysterious Prime Emperor, then raised a force to fight the rebels; several thousand men rallied to him. Xun picked a thousand seasoned fighters and marched west to Yongqiu, where he joined Jia Ben.
75
初，雍丘令令狐潮以縣降賊，賊以為將，使東擊淮陽救兵於襄邑，破之，俘百餘人，拘於雍丘，將殺之，往見李庭望； 淮陽兵遂殺守者，潮棄妻子走，故賈賁得以其間入雍丘。 庚子，潮引賊精兵攻雍丘； 賁出戰，敗死。 張巡力戰卻賊，因兼領賁眾，自稱吳王先鋒使。
Earlier Yongqiu magistrate Linghu Chao had surrendered his county to the rebels and been made a general. Sent east to intercept Huaiyang relief troops at Xiangyi, he routed them, took more than a hundred prisoners back to Yongqiu, and was about to execute them when he went to see Li Tingwang. The Huaiyang prisoners killed their guards; Chao abandoned his family and fled, and in that opening Jia Ben slipped into Yongqiu. On gengzi Chao returned with rebel crack troops to assault Yongqiu. Jia Ben went out to fight, was defeated, and was killed. Zhang Xun fought hard and drove the rebels back, took command of Ben's men, and styled himself vanguard commissioner of Prince Wu.
76
三月，乙卯，潮復與賊將李懷仙、楊朝宗、謝元同等四萬餘眾奄至城下； 眾懼，莫有固志。 巡曰：「賊兵精銳，有輕我心。 今出其不意擊之，彼必驚潰。 賊勢小折，然後城可守也。」 乃使千人乘城； 自帥千人，分數隊，開門突出。 巡身先士卒，直衝賊陳，人馬辟易，賊遂退。 明日，復進攻城，設百砲環城，樓堞皆盡； 巡於城上立木柵以拒之。 賊蟻附而登，巡束蒿灌脂，焚而投之，賊不得上。 時同賊隙，出兵擊之，或夜縋斫營。 積六十餘日，大小三百餘戰，帶甲而食，裹瘡復戰，賊遂敗走。 巡乘勝追之，獲胡兵二千人而還，軍聲大振。
In the third month, on yimao, Chao returned with rebel generals Li Huaixian, Yang Chaozong, Xie Yuantong, and others, more than forty thousand men in all, and suddenly appeared before the city. The men were terrified, and morale collapsed. Xun said, "The rebels are crack troops—they think little of us. If we hit them where they do not expect it, they will panic and break. Once we blunt their attack, the city can be held. He then posted a thousand men on the walls. He personally led a thousand men in several squads and sallied out through the gates. Xun led from the front, drove straight into the rebel line, and men and horses scattered before him; the rebels fell back. The next day the rebels returned and assaulted the walls, ringing the city with a hundred catapults until every tower and battlement was smashed. Xun put up wooden barricades on the ramparts to hold them off. The rebels swarmed up the walls like ants; Xun bound reeds, soaked them in oil, set them ablaze, and hurled them down, and the rebels could not climb. Whenever an opening appeared, he sent troops against them, and at night men were lowered by rope to raid their camps. After more than sixty days and over three hundred battles, eating in armor and fighting on with bound wounds, the rebels were finally driven off. Xun pressed the pursuit, took two thousand foreign troops prisoner, and returned; his army's fame soared."
77
初，戶部尚書安思順知祿山反謀，因入朝奏之。 及祿山反，上以思順先奏，不之罪也。 哥舒翰素與之有隙，使人詐為祿山遺思順書，於關門擒之以獻，且數思順七罪，請誅之。 丙辰，思順及弟太僕卿元貞皆坐死，家屬徙嶺外。 楊國忠不能救，由是始畏翰。
Earlier, Minister of Revenue An Sishun had learned of An Lushan's plot to rebel and reported it when he came to court. When Lushan rebelled, the emperor held that Sishun had warned him first and did not punish him. Geshu Han had long borne a grudge against him. He had a man forge a letter from Lushan to Sishun, seized Sishun at Tong Pass and handed him over, listed seven charges against him, and asked that he be put to death. On bingchen Sishun and his brother Yuanzhen, Grand Master of the Stud, were executed, and their families were sent into exile beyond the Ling. Yang Guozhong was unable to save them, and from that time he began to fear Geshu Han.
78
郭子儀至朔方，益選精兵，戊午，進軍於代。
Guo Ziyi reached Shuofang, picked more crack troops, and on wuwu marched toward Dai.
79
戊辰，吳王祗擊謝元同，走之，拜陳留太守、河南節度使。
On wuchen Prince Wu Zhi routed Xie Yuantong and was made prefect of Chenliu and military commissioner of Henan.
80
壬午，以河東節度使李光弼為范陽長史、河北節度使，加顏真卿河北採訪使。 真卿以張澹為支使。
On renwu Li Guangbi, Hedong military commissioner, was made chief administrator of Fanyang and military commissioner of Hebei, and Yan Zhenqing was also made investigating commissioner for Hebei. Zhenqing appointed Zhang Dan as his aide commissioner.
81
先是清河客李萼，年二十餘，為郡人乞師於真卿曰：「公首唱大義，河北諸郡恃公以為長城。 今清河，公之西鄰，國家平日聚江、淮、河南錢帛於彼以贍北軍，謂之『天下北庫』； 今有布三百餘萬匹，帛八十餘萬匹，錢三十餘萬緡，糧三十餘萬斛。 昔討默啜，甲兵皆貯清河庫，今有五十餘萬事； 戶七萬，口十餘萬。 竊計財足以三平原之富，兵足以倍平原之強。 公誠資以士卒，撫而有之，以二郡為腹心，則餘郡如四支，無不隨所使矣。」 真卿曰：「平原兵新集，尚未訓練，自保恐不足，何暇及鄰！ 雖然，借若諾子之請，則將何為乎？」 萼曰：「清河遣僕銜命於公者，非力不足而借公之師以嘗寇也，亦欲觀大賢之明義耳。 今仰瞻高意，未有決辭定色，僕何敢遽言所為哉！」 真卿奇之，欲與之兵。 眾以為萼年少輕虜，徒分兵力，必無所成，真卿不得已辭之。 萼就館，復為書說真卿，以為：「清河去逆效順，奉粟帛器械以資軍，公乃不納而疑之。 僕回轅之後，清河不能孤立，必有所繫托，將為公西面之強敵，公能無悔乎？」 真卿大驚，遽詣其館，以兵六千借之； 送至境，執手別。 真卿問曰：「兵已行矣，可以言子之所為乎？」 萼曰：「聞朝廷遣程千里將精兵十萬出崞口討賊，賊據險拒之，不得前。 今當引兵先擊魏郡，執祿山所署太守袁之泰，納舊太守司馬垂，使為西南主人； 分兵開崞口，出千里之師，因討汲、鄴以北至於幽陵郡縣之未下者； 平原、清河帥諸同盟，合兵十萬，南臨孟津，分兵循河，據守要害，制其北走之路。 計官軍東討者不下二十萬，河南義兵西向者亦不減十萬。 公但當表朝廷堅壁勿戰，不過月餘，賊必有內潰相圖之變矣。」 真卿曰「善！」 命錄事參軍李擇交及平原令范冬馥將其兵，會清河兵四千及博平兵千人軍於堂邑西南。 袁知泰遣其將白嗣恭等將二萬餘人來逆戰，三郡兵力戰盡日，魏兵大敗，斬首萬餘級，捕虜千餘人，得馬千匹，軍資甚眾，知泰奔汲郡。 遂克魏郡，軍聲大振。 時北海太守賀蘭進明亦起兵，真卿以書召之並力，進明將步騎五千渡河，真卿陳兵逆之，相揖，哭於馬上，哀動行伍。 進明屯平原城南，休養士馬，真卿每事咨之，由是軍權稍移於進明矣，真卿不以為嫌。 真卿以堂邑之功讓進明，進明奏其狀，取捨任意。 敕加進明河北招討使，擇交、冬馥微進資級，清河、博平有功者皆不錄。 進明攻信都郡，久之，不克； 錄事參軍長安第五琦勸進明厚以金帛募勇士，遂克之。
Earlier, a visitor to Qinghe named Li E, just over twenty, had come on the county's behalf to ask Zhenqing for troops. He said, "Your Excellency was the first to raise the banner of loyalty; every commandery in Hebei looks to you as its bulwark. Qinghe lies just west of you. In peacetime the court stored the revenue of the Jiang, Huai, and Henan regions there to supply the northern armies—it was called the 'Northern Storehouse of the Realm.' It now holds more than three million bolts of cloth, eight hundred thousand bolts of silk, three hundred thousand strings of cash, and three hundred thousand piculs of grain. When the court campaigned against Mohechuo, arms and armor were stored in Qinghe's depots; more than five hundred thousand pieces remain there now. There are seventy thousand households and more than one hundred thousand people. By my reckoning, its wealth is triple that of Pingyuan, and its armed strength twice as great. If you supply troops and take both counties as your core, the rest of Hebei will follow like limbs on a body—every county will do your bidding. Zhenqing replied, "My forces at Pingyuan are newly raised and barely trained. I can scarcely defend myself—how can I spare troops for a neighbor? Even so, if I agreed to your request—what would you do? Li E said, "Qinghe did not send me because we lacked strength and needed your troops to probe the enemy. We wanted to see whether a man of your stature would act on principle. Yet I look to you now and find no firm word or clear intent—how dare I speak of my plan before you commit? Zhenqing was impressed and wanted to lend him troops. His staff thought Li E too young and too dismissive of the enemy; splitting their strength would achieve nothing. Zhenqing reluctantly refused. Li E went to his lodgings and wrote again, arguing that Qinghe had turned against the rebels and offered grain, silk, and weapons to support the cause—and yet Zhenqing had not only refused but treated them with suspicion. Once I return, Qinghe cannot stand alone. It will have to seek another patron—and become a formidable enemy on your western flank. Will you not regret this? Alarmed, Zhenqing hurried to his lodgings and lent him six thousand troops. He escorted Li E to the border and parted with a handclasp. As they were leaving, Zhenqing asked, "Now that the troops are on their way—may I hear your plan? Li E said, "I hear the court has sent Cheng Qianli with one hundred thousand elite troops through Gu Pass against the rebels, but the rebels hold the passes and he cannot get through. I plan to strike Wei commandery first, seize Yuan Zhita, the prefect An Lushan appointed, restore the old prefect Sima Chui, and make him our base on the southwest. Then split our force to open Gu Pass and unleash Cheng Qianli's army, and sweep north from Ji and Ye through every county as far as Youling that still holds out. Pingyuan and Qinghe will lead the allied forces—one hundred thousand men—to the Meng Ford, with detachments along the Yellow River holding the key crossings and cutting off any northern retreat. Between imperial armies marching east and Henan loyalists facing west, there will be at least three hundred thousand men. You need only urge the court to stand on the defensive. Within a month the rebels will turn on one another. Zhenqing said, "Excellent! He ordered Li Zejiao, his recorder-assistant, and Fan Dongfu, magistrate of Pingyuan, to lead the force; they joined four thousand Qinghe troops and one thousand from Boping and encamped southwest of Tangyi. Yuan Zhita sent his generals Bai Sigong and others with more than twenty thousand men to meet them. The armies of the three counties fought all day; the Wei force was routed—more than ten thousand heads taken, more than a thousand prisoners, a thousand horses captured, and vast stores of supplies. Zhita fled to Ji commandery. They took Wei commandery, and their fame spread far. Beihai prefect Helan Jinming had also raised troops. Zhenqing summoned him by letter to join forces. Jinming crossed the river with five thousand foot and horse. Zhenqing lined up his men to meet him; they bowed to each other and wept on horseback until the whole column was moved. Jinming camped south of Pingyuan city and rested his men. Zhenqing consulted him on every decision, and military authority gradually shifted to Jinming—but Zhenqing held no grudge. Zhenqing gave Jinming credit for the victory at Tangyi. Jinming reported to the throne and doled out rewards as he saw fit. An edict made Jinming commissioner for recruiting and punishing in Hebei. Zejiao and Dongfu received modest promotions; the men of Qinghe and Boping who had fought were passed over entirely. Jinming besieged Xindu commandery for a long time without success. "His recorder-assistant, Diwu Qi of Chang'an, urged Jinming to offer gold and silk to recruit fierce fighters—and Xindu fell.
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李光弼與史思明相守四十餘日，思明絕常山糧道。 城中乏草，馬食薦籍。 光弼以車五百乘之石邑取草，將車者皆衣甲，弩手千人衛之，為方陳而行，賊不能奪。 蔡希德引兵攻石邑，張奉璋拒卻之。 光弼遣使告急於郭子儀，子儀引兵自井陘出，夏，四月，壬辰，至常山，與光弼合，蕃、漢步騎共十餘萬。 甲午，子儀、光弼與史思明等戰於九門城南，思明大敗。 中郎將渾瑊射李立節，殺之。 瑊，釋之之子也。 思明收餘眾奔趙郡，蔡希德奔鉅鹿。 思明自趙郡如博陵，時博陵已降官軍，思明盡殺郡官。 河朔之民苦賊殘暴，所在屯結，多至二萬人，少者萬人，各為營以拒賊； 及郭、李軍至，爭出自效。 庚子，攻趙郡； 一日，城降。 士卒多虜掠，光弼坐城門，收所獲，悉歸之，民大悅。 子儀生擒四千人，皆捨之，斬祿山太守郭獻璆。 光弼進圍博陵，十日，不拔，引兵還恆陽就食。
Li Guangbi and Shi Siming had faced each other for more than forty days when Siming cut Changshan's supply lines. Fodder ran short inside the city, and the horses ate bedding straw. Guangbi sent five hundred carts to Shiyi for fodder. The drivers wore armor, a thousand crossbowmen escorted them in square formation, and the rebels could not intercept them. Cai Xide attacked Shiyi, but Zhang Fengzhang drove him off. Guangbi sent an urgent appeal to Guo Ziyi. Ziyi marched out of Jingxing Pass; in summer, the fourth month, on renchen he reached Changshan and joined Guangbi—more than one hundred thousand mixed foot and horse between them. On jiawu Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi met Shi Siming and the others south of Jiumen city and crushed them. Palace Guard General Hun Jian shot Li Lijie dead. Jian was the son of Hun Shizhi. Siming rallied his remnants and fled to Zhao commandery; Cai Xide fled to Julu. Siming went from Zhao commandery toward Boling, which had already surrendered to the imperial army. He slaughtered every official in the county. The people of Heshuo, ground down by rebel brutality, had banded together everywhere—some twenty thousand strong, others ten thousand—and built camps to resist the rebels. When Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi arrived, they all rushed to serve. On gengzi they attacked Zhao commandery. The city fell in a single day. Soldiers had looted heavily. Guangbi sat at the city gate, collected everything they had taken, and returned it all—the people were overjoyed. Guo Ziyi took four thousand prisoners alive and released them all, but executed Guo Xianqiu, the prefect An Lushan had appointed. Guangbi moved on to besiege Boling, but after ten days could not take it and withdrew to Hengyang for supplies.
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楊國忠問士之可為將者於左拾遺博平張鎬及蕭昕，鎬、昕薦左贊善大夫永壽來瑱。 丙午，以瑱為穎川太守。 賊屢攻之，瑱前後破賊甚眾，加本郡防禦使，人謂之「來嚼鐵」。
Yang Guozhong asked Left Remonstrance Zhang Hao of Boping and Xiao Xin to name men fit for command. They recommended Left Palace Companion Lai Tian of Yongshou. On bingwu Lai Tian was made prefect of Yingchuan. Rebels attacked him again and again; Lai Tian defeated them repeatedly in large numbers. He was made defense commissioner of his commandery, and people called him "Lai Chews Iron."
84
安祿山使平盧節度使呂知誨誘安東副大都護馬靈察，殺之。 平盧游弈使武陟劉客奴、先鋒使董秦及安東將王玄志同謀討誅知誨，遣使逾海與顏真卿相聞，請取范陽以自效。 真卿遣判官賈載繼糧及戰士衣助之。 真卿時惟一子頗，才十餘歲，使詣客奴為質。 朝廷聞之，以客奴為平盧節度使，賜名正臣； 玄志為安東副大都護，董秦為平盧兵馬使。
An Lushan sent Pinglu military commissioner Lü Zhihui to lure Andong deputy grand protector Ma Lingcha to his death. Pinglu roving commissioner Liu Kenú of Wuzhi, vanguard commissioner Dong Qin, and Andong general Wang Xuanzhi plotted together to kill Zhihui. They sent messengers across the sea to Yan Zhenqing, offering to seize Fanyang in the court's service. Zhenqing sent his aide-administrator Jia Zai after them with grain and clothing for the troops. Zhenqing had only one son, Po, barely in his teens; he sent the boy to Kenú as a hostage. When the court learned of this, it made Kenú Pinglu military commissioner and gave him the name Zhengchen. Wang Xuanzhi was made Andong deputy grand protector, and Dong Qin Pinglu army commissioner.
85
南陽節度使魯炅立柵於滍水之南，安祿山將武令珣、畢思琛攻之。
Nanyang military commissioner Lu Gui built a fortified camp south of the Zhi River. An Lushan's generals Wu Lingxun and Bi Sichen attacked it.