1
資治通鑑第220卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 220
2
卷第二百二十
Volume 220
3
【唐紀三十六】起強圍作噩九月，盡著雍閹茂，凡一年有奇。
[Tang Annals, Part 36] From the ninth month of 757 through 758, covering somewhat more than one year.
4
肅宗文明武德大聖大宣孝皇帝中之下至德二年（ 丁酉，公元七五七年）
In the latter portion of the reign of Emperor Suzong, second year of Zhide ( dingyou, 757 CE)
5
九月，丁丑，希德以輕騎至城下挑戰。 千里帥百騎開門突出，欲擒之； 會救至，千里收騎退還，橋壞，墜塹中，反為希德所擒。 仰謂從騎曰：「吾不幸至此，天也！ 歸語諸將，善為守備，寧失帥，不可失城。」 希德攻城，竟不克，送千里於洛陽，安慶緒以為特進，囚之客省。
In the ninth month, on dingchou, Cai Xide rode up before the walls with a light detachment to offer battle. Lei Qianli led a hundred horsemen out through the opened gate in a sudden charge, hoping to seize him; Rebel reinforcements then arrived; Qianli wheeled his men back, but the bridge gave way and he plunged into the ditch, where Cai Xide captured him instead. He looked up and told his escort: "That I have come to this pass is Heaven's will! Go back and tell the generals to hold the defenses firm: better to lose a commander than to lose the city." Cai Xide pressed the siege but could not take the city. He sent Qianli to Luoyang, where An Qingxu gave him the honorary rank of tejin and kept him confined in the Guest Bureau.
6
郭子儀以回紇兵精，勸上益征其兵以擊賊。 懷仁可汗遣其子葉護及將軍帝德等將精兵四千餘人來至鳳翔。 上引見葉護，宴勞賜賚，惟其所欲。 丁亥，元帥廣平王俶將朔方等軍及回紇、西域之眾十五萬，號二十萬，發鳳翔。 俶見葉護，約為兄弟，葉護大喜，謂俶為兄。 回紇至扶風，郭子儀留宴三日。 葉護曰：「國家有急，遠來相助，何以食為！」 宴畢，即行。 日給其軍羊二百口，牛二十頭，米四十斛。
Guo Ziyi, impressed by the quality of the Uyghur troops, urged the emperor to summon more of them for the campaign against the rebels. The Qaghan Yaoluoshan sent his son Yabgu, along with Generals Dide and others, with more than four thousand picked troops to Fengxiang. The emperor received Yabgu in audience, entertained him at a feast, and lavished gifts on him, granting whatever he asked. On dinghai, the supreme commander, Prince of Guangping Li Chu, marched from Fengxiang at the head of the Shuofang armies and Uyghur and Western Region allies—150,000 men in all, though the army was announced as 200,000. When Chu met Yabgu, they swore brotherhood; Yabgu was delighted and called Chu his elder brother. When the Uyghurs reached Fufeng, Guo Ziyi held them for a three-day feast. Yabgu said: "Your realm is in peril and we have come from afar to help—what time is there for feasting!" As soon as the feast ended, they marched on. Each day his troops were rationed two hundred sheep, twenty cattle, and forty hu of grain.
7
庚子，諸軍俱發； 壬寅，至長安城西，陳於香積寺北澧水之東。 李嗣業為前軍，郭子儀為中軍，王思禮為後軍。 賊眾十萬陳於其北，李歸仁出挑戰，官軍逐之，逼於其陳。 賊軍齊進，官軍卻，為賊所乘，軍中驚亂，賊爭趣輜重。 李嗣業曰：「今日不以身餌賊，軍無孑遺矣。」 乃肉袒，執長刀，立於陣前，大呼奮擊，當其刀者，人馬俱碎，殺數十人，陣乃稍定。 於是嗣業帥前軍各執長刀，如牆而進，身先士卒，所向摧靡。 都知兵馬使王難得救其裨將，賊射之中眉，皮垂鄣目。 難得自拔箭，掣去其皮，血流被面，前戰不已。 賊伏精騎於陣東，欲襲官軍之後，偵者知之，朔方左廂兵馬使僕固懷恩引回紇就擊之，翦滅殆盡，賊由是氣索。 李嗣業又與回紇出賊陣後，與大軍交擊，自午及酉，斬首六萬級，填溝塹死者甚眾，賊遂大潰。 餘眾走入城，迨夜，囂聲不止。
On gengzi, the allied armies marched out together; and on renyin they reached the western approaches to Chang'an and drew up east of the Li River, north of Xiangji Temple. Li Siye led the vanguard, Guo Ziyi the center, and Wang Simo the rear. A hundred thousand rebels stood ranged to the north. Li Guiren rode out to challenge battle, and the imperial forces chased him back against the rebel line. The rebels advanced in a body; the imperial line gave ground and was overrun. Panic spread through the ranks as the rebels surged toward the baggage train. Li Siye cried: "Unless I throw my life before the rebels today, not a man of this army will walk away alive." He stripped to the waist, seized a long saber, and planted himself before the line, roaring as he hacked his way forward. Man and horse alike shattered before his blade; he cut down dozens, and the formation at last held. Siye then led the vanguard forward with long blades in hand, advancing like a moving wall. He took the lead himself, and wherever he turned, the enemy line broke. Wang Nande, controller of army and horse, went to rescue his deputy; a rebel arrow struck him between the brows, and the flap of skin hung down over his eyes. Nande pulled out the arrow himself, ripped away the hanging skin, blood streaming over his face, and fought on without pause. The rebels had hidden picked cavalry east of their line to take the imperial army in the rear, but scouts discovered them. Pugu Huai'en of the Shuofang Left Wing led the Uyghurs against them and cut them down almost to a man, and the rebels' fighting spirit collapsed. Li Siye and the Uyghurs circled behind the rebel line and struck together with the main army. From noon until evening they took sixty thousand heads; corpses choked the ditches and moats, and the rebels broke and fled in utter rout. The survivors poured into the city, and through the night the uproar never stopped.
8
僕固懷恩言於廣平王俶曰：「賊棄城走矣，請以二百騎追之，縛取安守忠、李歸仁等。」 俶曰：「將軍戰亦疲矣，且休息，俟明日圖之。」 懷恩曰：「歸仁、守忠，賊之驍將，驟勝而敗，此天賜我也，奈何縱之！ 使復得眾，還為我患，悔之無及！ 戰尚神速，何明旦也！」 俶固止之，使還營。 懷恩固請，往而復反，一夕四五起。 遲明，諜至，守忠、歸仁與張通儒、田乾真等皆已遁矣。 癸卯，大軍入西京。
Pugu Huai'en told Prince of Guangping Li Chu: "The rebels have abandoned the city and fled. Give me two hundred horsemen to run them down and bring back An Shouzhong, Li Guiren, and the rest in bonds." Chu replied: "You are exhausted from the fight, General. Rest tonight, and we will plan tomorrow." Huai'en urged: "Guiren and Shouzhong are the rebels' boldest commanders. To win a great victory and then lose them—this is a gift from Heaven! How can we let them slip away? If they rally their forces again, they will be our trouble once more, and it will be too late for regret! War favors speed—why wait until dawn!" Chu held firm and sent him back to camp. Huai'en pleaded again and again, going to Chu and returning four or five times that night alone. At first light scouts reported that Shouzhong, Guiren, Zhang Tongru, Tian Qianzhen, and the others had already escaped. On guimao the main army entered the Western Capital.
9
初，上欲速得京師，與回紇約曰：「克城之日，土地、士庶歸唐，金帛、子女皆歸回紇。」 至是，葉護欲如約。 廣平王俶拜於葉護馬前曰：「今始得西京，若遽俘掠，則東京之人皆為賊固守，不可復取矣，願至東京乃如約。」 葉護驚躍下馬答拜，跪捧王足，曰：「當為殿下徑往東京。」 即與僕固懷恩引回紇、西域之兵自城南過，營於滻水之東。 百姓、軍士、胡虜見俶拜者，皆泣曰：「廣平王真華、夷之主！」 上聞之，喜曰：「朕不及也！」 俶整眾入城，百姓老幼夾道歡呼悲泣。 俶留長安，鎮撫三日，引大軍東出。 以太子少傅虢王巨為西京留守。
Earlier, eager to recover the capital quickly, the emperor had promised the Uyghurs: "When the city falls, the land and people revert to Tang; gold, silk, and captives are yours." Now Yabgu meant to hold him to that bargain. Prince of Guangping Li Chu bowed before Yabgu's horse and said: "We have only just taken Chang'an. If you loot the city now, the people of Luoyang will stand firm for the rebels and we will never retake it. Grant us your forbearance until Luoyang falls, and then we will honor the agreement in full." Startled, Yabgu leapt down and returned the bow. Kneeling, he took the prince's feet in his hands and said: "I shall march straight on Luoyang for Your Highness." At once he and Pugu Huai'en led the Uyghur and Western Region troops through the southern quarter and pitched camp east of the Ba River. Civilians, soldiers, and tribesmen who witnessed Chu's bow wept and said: "The Prince of Guangping is truly a lord for Chinese and barbarian alike!" When the emperor heard this, he said with delight: "He has surpassed me!" Chu formed his troops and entered the city. Old and young lined the streets, shouting for joy through their tears. Chu remained in Chang'an for three days to restore order, then marched east with the main army. He left Prince of Guo Ju, Grand Tutor to the Heir Apparent, as garrison commander of the Western Capital.
10
甲辰，捷書至鳳翔，百寮入賀。 上涕泗交頤，即日，遣中使啖庭瑤入蜀奏上皇，命左僕射裴冕入京師，告郊廟及宣慰百姓。
On jiachen the victory dispatch reached Fengxiang, and the court officials came in to offer congratulations. Tears streamed down the emperor's face. That same day he sent the palace envoy Dan Tingyao into Shu to report to the Retired Emperor, and ordered Left Vice Director Pei Mian to enter the capital to announce the victory at the suburban altars and ancestral temples and to comfort the people.
11
上以駿馬召李泌於長安。 既至，上曰：「朕已表請上皇東歸，朕當還東宮復修人子之職。」 泌曰：「表可追乎？」 上曰：「已遠矣。」 泌曰：「上皇不來矣。」 上驚，問故。 泌曰：「理勢自然」。 上曰：「為之奈何？」 泌曰：「今請更為群臣賀表，言自馬嵬請留，靈武勸進，及今成功，聖上思戀晨昏，請速還京以就孝養之意，則可矣。」 上即使泌草表。 上讀之，泣曰：「朕始以至誠願歸萬機。 今聞先生之言，乃寤其失。」 立命中使奉表入蜀，因就泌飲酒，同榻而寢。 而李輔國請取契鑰付泌，泌請使輔國掌之； 上許之。
The emperor sent a relay of swift horses to summon Li Mi from Chang'an. When he arrived, the emperor said: "I have already submitted a memorial asking the Retired Emperor to return east. I shall go back to the Eastern Palace and resume my duties as a son." Mi asked: "Can that memorial still be recalled?" The emperor said: "It is already far on its way." Mi said: "Then the Retired Emperor will not come." The emperor started and asked why. Mi said: "That is simply how reason and circumstance work." The emperor asked: "What can be done?" Mi said: "Have the officials submit a fresh congratulatory memorial. Say that from Mawei you begged him to stay, that at Lingwu the court urged your accession, and that now, with victory won, you long for him day and night and beg him to return quickly to the capital so you may care for him in filial duty. That will suffice." The emperor at once had Mi draft the memorial. Reading it, the emperor wept and said: "At first I meant in all sincerity to return the reins of government. Hearing your words now, I see my mistake." He immediately ordered a palace envoy to carry the memorial into Shu, then drank with Mi and they slept on the same couch. Li Fuguo asked to hand the seals and keys to Mi; Mi asked instead that Fuguo keep charge of them; and the emperor agreed.
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泌曰：「臣今報德足矣，復為閒人，何樂如之！」 上曰：「朕與先生累年同憂患，今方相同娛樂，奈何遽欲去乎！」 泌曰：「臣有五不可留，願陛下聽臣去，免臣於死。」 上曰：「何謂也？」 對曰：「臣遇陛下太早，陛下任臣太重，寵臣太深，臣功太高，跡太奇，此其所以不可留也。」 上曰：「且眠矣，異日議之。」 對曰：「陛下今就臣榻臥，猶不得請，況異日香案之前乎！ 陛下不聽臣去，是殺臣也。」 上曰：「不意卿疑朕如此，豈有如朕而辦殺卿邪！ 是直以朕為句踐也！」 對曰：「陛下不辦殺臣，故臣求歸； 若其既辦，臣安得復言！ 且殺臣者，非陛下也，乃『五不可』也。 陛下向日待臣如此，臣於事猶有不敢言者，況天下既安，臣敢言乎！」
Mi said: "I have repaid your grace. To become a free man again—what could bring greater joy!" The emperor said: "You and I have shared years of hardship. We have only just begun to enjoy peace together—why are you in such haste to go!" Mi said: "I have five reasons why I cannot stay. Grant me leave, Majesty, and spare my life." The emperor asked: "What do you mean?" He replied: "I met you too early; you entrusted me with too much, favored me too deeply, my achievements are too great, and my conduct too singular. That is why I cannot stay." The emperor said: "Sleep now. We will discuss it another day." He replied: "Even now, as you lie on my couch, I cannot obtain my request—how much less on some future day before the throne! If Your Majesty will not let me go, you are killing me." The emperor said: "I never thought you suspected me so. Would I, of all men, bear to kill you! You take me for Goujian himself!" He replied: "Your Majesty cannot yet bring yourself to kill me, and that is why I ask to leave now; once you can, how could I still speak! Besides, it is not Your Majesty who would kill me, but the 'five reasons why I cannot stay. Even when you favored me as you did, there were things I dared not say. Now that the realm is at peace, how could I dare speak!"
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上良久曰：「卿以朕不從卿北伐之謀乎！」 對曰：「非也，所不敢言者，乃建寧耳。」 上曰：「建寧，朕之愛子，性英果，艱難時有功，朕豈不知之！ 但因此為小人所教，欲害其兄，圖繼嗣，朕以社稷大計，不得已而除之。 卿不細知其故邪？」 對曰：「若有此心，廣平當怨之。 廣平每與臣言其冤，輒流涕嗚咽。 臣今必辭陛下去，始敢言之耳。」 上曰：「渠嘗夜捫廣平，意欲加害。」 對曰：「此皆出讒人之口，豈有建寧之孝友聰明，肯為此乎！ 且陛下昔欲用建寧為元帥，臣請用廣平。 建寧若有此心，當深憾於臣； 而以臣為忠，益相親善，陛下以此可察其心矣。」 上乃泣下曰：「先生言是也。 既往不咎，朕不欲聞之。」
After a long silence the emperor said: "Do you think this is because I refused your plan for a northern campaign!" He replied: "No. What I dared not speak of is the Prince of Jianning." The emperor said: "Jianning was my beloved son—bold, resolute, and meritorious in our darkest days. Do you think I did not know that! But petty men turned him against his elder brother and taught him to plot for the succession. For the sake of the realm I had no choice but to remove him. Do you not know the full story?" He replied: "If that were true, Guangping would resent him. Whenever Guangping speaks to me of his brother's injustice, he weeps until he can barely speak. Only because I am leaving your service do I dare say this now." The emperor said: "He once felt for Guangping in the night, meaning to kill him." He replied: "That is all slander. How could Jianning, so filial, loyal, and bright, have done such a thing! Besides, when Your Majesty once meant to make Jianning supreme commander, I urged Guangping instead. If Jianning harbored such a heart, he would have deeply resented me; yet he treated me as loyal and grew ever closer to me. By that, Majesty, you may judge his heart." The emperor wept and said: "You are right, Master. What is past is past. I do not wish to hear of it again."
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泌曰：「臣所以言之者，非咎既往，乃欲陛下慎將來耳。 昔天後有四子，長曰太子弘，天後方圖稱制，惡其聰明，鴆殺之，立次子雍王賢。 賢內憂懼，作《黃台瓜辭》，冀以感悟天後。 天後不聽，賢卒死於黔中。 其辭曰：『種瓜黃台下，瓜熟子離離。 一摘使瓜好，再摘使瓜稀，三摘猶為可，四摘抱蔓歸！』 今陛下已一摘矣，慎無再摘！」 上愕然曰：「安有是哉！」 卿錄是辭，朕當書紳。」 對曰：「陛下但識之於心，何必形於外也！」 是時廣平王有大功，良娣忌之，潛構流言，故泌言及之。 泌復固請歸山，上曰：「俟將發此議之。
Mi said: "I spoke of this not to blame the past, but to urge Your Majesty to be careful in the days ahead. Long ago Empress Wu had four sons. The eldest, Heir Apparent Hong, was so bright that she, plotting to rule in her own name, poisoned him and set up her second son, Prince of Yong Xian, instead. Xian, sick with fear, wrote the "Melons Beneath the Yellow Terrace" poem, hoping to move the empress's heart. The empress would not listen, and Xian died in exile at Qianzhong. The poem runs: "Melons planted beneath the Yellow Terrace; when ripe, the fruits hang thick. One picking leaves good melons; a second leaves few; a third is still tolerable; a fourth leaves only the vines to carry home!" Your Majesty has already plucked once. Take care not to pluck again!" The emperor said in astonishment: "Surely not!" Copy out that poem. I shall write it on my sash." He replied: "Keep it in your heart, Majesty. There is no need to wear it outwardly." The Prince of Guangping had just won great merit, and the Lady of Excellence, jealous of him, was spreading secret slanders—hence Mi's warning. Mi again begged to return to the mountains. The emperor said: "Wait until we are about to march, and we will discuss it then."
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郭子儀引蕃、漢兵追賊至潼關，斬首五千級，克華陰、弘農二郡。 關東獻俘百餘人，敕皆斬之； 監察御史李勉言於上曰：「今元惡未除，為賊所污者半天下，聞陛下龍興，鹹思洗心以承聖化，今悉誅之，是驅之使從賊也。」 上遽使赦之。
Guo Ziyi pursued the rebels to Tong Pass with allied and Han troops, took five thousand heads, and recovered Huayin and Hongnong. More than a hundred captives from east of the passes were presented; an edict ordered them all beheaded; but Investigating Censor Li Mian told the emperor: "The chief villain is not yet destroyed, and half the realm has been tainted by the rebels. When they hear that Your Majesty has risen, they all wish to cleanse their hearts and submit to your rule. Execute them all now, and you will drive them back to the rebels." The emperor at once ordered them pardoned.
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冬，十月，丁未，啖庭瑤至蜀。
In winter, the tenth month, on dingwei, Dan Tingyao reached Shu.
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壬子，興平軍奏：破賊於武關，克上洛郡。
On renzi the Xingping Army reported a victory at Wu Pass and the capture of Shangluo commandery.
18
吐蕃陷西平。
The Tibetans took Xiping.
19
尹子奇久圍睢陽，城中食盡，議棄城東走，張巡、許遠謀，以為：「睢陽，江、淮之保障，若棄之去，賊必乘勝長驅，是無江、淮也。 且我眾饑羸，走必不達。 古者戰國諸侯，尚相救恤，況密邇群帥乎！ 不如堅守以待之。」 茶紙既盡，遂食馬； 馬盡，羅雀掘鼠； 雀鼠又盡，巡出愛妾，殺以食士，遠亦殺其奴； 然後括城中婦人食之； 既盡，繼以男子老弱。 人知必死，莫有叛者，所餘才四百人。
Yin Ziqi had long besieged Suiyang. When food ran out, some urged abandoning the city and fleeing east. Zhang Xun and Xu Yuan argued: "Suiyang is the shield of the Yangzi and Huai valleys. If we leave it, the rebels will sweep south unchecked, and the lower Yangzi will be lost. Besides, our men are starving and weak; if we flee, we will not get far. Even the feudal lords of the Warring States aided one another—how much more should nearby commanders do so! Better to hold the city and wait for relief." When tea and paper were gone, they ate the horses; when the horses were gone, they netted sparrows and dug out rats; when even sparrows and rats were gone, Xun killed his beloved concubine to feed the troops, and Yuan killed his slave; then they turned to the women of the city; when they were gone, the old and weak men followed. Knowing death was certain, none deserted; only four hundred were left.
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癸丑，賊登城，將士病，不能戰。 巡西向再拜曰：「臣力竭矣，不能全城，生既無以報陛下，死當為厲鬼以殺賊！」 城遂陷，巡、遠俱被執。 尹子奇問巡曰：「聞君每戰眥裂齒碎，何也？」 巡曰：「吾志吞逆賊，但力不能耳！」 子奇以刀抉其口視之，所餘才三四。 子奇義其所為，欲活之。 其徒曰：「彼守節者也，終不為吾用。 且得士心，存之，將為後患。」 乃並南霽雲、雷萬春等三十六人皆斬之。 巡且死，顏色不亂，揚揚如常。 生致許遠於洛陽。
On guichou the rebels scaled the walls. The garrison was sick and could not fight. Xun bowed twice toward the west and said: "My strength is spent and I cannot save the city. Living, I could not repay Your Majesty; dead, I shall be a vengeful ghost and kill rebels!" The city fell. Xun and Yuan were both taken. Yin Ziqi asked Xun: "They say that in every battle your eyes split and your teeth shatter. Why?" Xun said: "My will is to destroy the rebels, but my strength falls short!" Ziqi pried open his mouth with a knife: only three or four teeth were left. Ziqi admired his conduct and wished to spare him. His followers said: "He is a man of integrity and will never serve us. Besides, if we win the soldiers' hearts by sparing him, he will become a danger later." They then beheaded Nan Jiyun, Lei Wanchun, and thirty-six others together. As Xun faced death, his face did not change; he bore himself as calmly as ever. Xu Yuan was taken alive to Luoyang.
21
巡初守睢陽時，卒僅萬人，城中居人亦且數萬，巡一見問姓名，其後無不識者。 前後大小戰凡四百餘，殺賊卒十二萬人。 巡行兵不依古法教戰陳，令本將各以其意教之。 人或問其故，巡曰：「今與胡虜戰，雲合鳥散，變態不恆。 數步之間，勢有同異。 臨機應猝，在於呼吸之間，而動詢大將，事不相及，非知兵之變者也。 故吾使兵識將意，將識士情，投之而往，如手之使指。 兵將相習，人自為戰，不亦可乎！」 自興兵，器械、甲仗皆取之於敵，未嘗自修。 每戰，將士或退散，巡立於戰所，謂將士曰：「我不離此，汝為我還決之。」 將士莫敢不還死戰，卒破敵。 又推誠待人，無所疑隱； 臨敵應變，出奇無窮； 號令明，賞罰信，與眾共甘苦寒暑，故下爭致死力。
When Xun first held Suiyang, he had barely ten thousand soldiers and tens of thousands of civilians. After one meeting in which he asked each man's name, he never forgot a face. In more than four hundred engagements, great and small, they killed a hundred and twenty thousand rebels. Xun did not drill his men in classical battle formations. He let each commander train his own men as he saw fit. When asked why, Xun said: "We fight barbarians who gather like clouds and scatter like birds, shifting without pattern. Within a few paces the situation can change. To respond on the instant takes but a breath, yet to run every move past a senior commander is too slow. That is not how war works. So I make soldiers know their commanders' intent and commanders know their men. Send them forward and they go like fingers on a hand. Officers and men know one another, and each fights on his own initiative—is that not enough!" From the day he took the field, weapons and armor all came from the enemy; he never maintained his own stores. Whenever his men broke, Xun would stand his ground and call: "I am not leaving this spot. Go back and settle it for me." None dared do otherwise; they turned back and fought to the death, and in the end broke the enemy. He also treated men with open sincerity, without suspicion; facing the enemy he adapted endlessly, his stratagems inexhaustible; his orders were clear, rewards and punishments sure, and he shared heat and cold with his men—so they fought to the death for him.
22
張鎬聞睢陽圍急，倍道亟進，檄浙東、浙西、淮南、北海諸節度及譙郡太守閭丘曉，使共救之。 曉素傲很，不受鎬命。 比鎬至，睢陽城已陷三日。 鎬召曉，杖殺之。
Hearing that Suiyang was in desperate straits, Zhang Gao forced the march and summoned the commissioners of Zhedong, Zhexi, Huainan, and Beihai, and Qiao commandery prefect Yanqiu Xiao, to relieve the city. Xiao was proud and obstinate and refused Gao's orders. By the time Gao arrived, Suiyang had fallen three days earlier. Gao summoned Xiao and had him beaten to death.
23
張通儒等收餘眾走保陝，安慶緒悉發洛陽兵，使其御史大夫嚴莊將之，就通儒以拒官軍，並舊兵步騎猶十五萬。 己未，廣平王俶至曲沃。 回紇葉護使其將軍鼻施吐撥裴羅等引軍旁南山搜伏，因駐軍嶺北。 郭子儀等與賊遇於新店，賊依山而陳。 子儀等初與之戰，不利，賊逐之下山。 回紇自南山襲其背，於黃埃中發十餘矢。 賊驚顧曰：「回紇至矣！」 遂潰。 官軍與回紇夾擊之，賊大敗，殭屍蔽野。 嚴莊、張通儒等棄陝東走，廣平王俶、郭子儀入陝城，僕固懷恩等分道追之。
Zhang Tongru and the others rallied the survivors and fell back on Shan. An Qingxu sent out every soldier in Luoyang under Censor-in-Chief Yan Zhuang to join Tongru against the imperial army. Old and new troops together still numbered a hundred and fifty thousand. On jiwei Prince of Guangping Li Chu reached Quwo. Yabgu sent Generals Bishi Tubo Peiluo and others to sweep the southern hills for ambushes and camped north of the ridge. Guo Ziyi met the rebels at Xindian, where they drew up on the hills. At first the imperial forces fought poorly and the rebels drove them down the slope. The Uyghurs struck from the southern hills into the rebels' rear, loosing a volley through the yellow dust. The rebels looked back in alarm and cried: "The Uyghurs are here!" They broke and fled. The imperial army and the Uyghurs struck them from both sides. The rebels were routed, and the fields were heaped with corpses. Yan Zhuang and Zhang Tongru abandoned Shan and fled east. Prince of Guangping Li Chu and Guo Ziyi entered the city, while Pugu Huai'en and others pursued along separate routes.
24
嚴莊先入洛陽告安慶緒。 庚申夜，慶緒帥其黨自苑門出，走河北； 殺所獲唐將哥舒翰、程千里等三十餘人而去。 許遠死於偃師。
Yan Zhuang reached Luoyang first and warned An Qingxu. On the night of gengshen, Qingxu led his followers out through the Garden Gate and fled to Hebei; killing the captured Tang generals Geshu Han, Cheng Qianli, and more than thirty others before he left. Xu Yuan was killed at Yanshi.
25
壬戌，廣平王俶入東京。 回紇意猶未厭，俶患之。 父老請率羅錦萬匹以賂回紇，回紇乃止。
On renxu Prince of Guangping Li Chu entered the Eastern Capital. The Uyghurs were still not satisfied, and Chu was troubled. The elders offered ten thousand bolts of silk and brocade to appease the Uyghurs, and they desisted.
26
成都使還，上皇誥曰：「當與我劍南一道自奉，不復來矣。」 上憂懼，不知所為。 數日後，使者至，言：「上皇初得上請歸東宮表，彷徨不能食，欲不歸； 及群臣表至，乃大喜，命食作樂，下誥定行日。」 上召李泌告之曰：「皆卿力也！」 泌求歸山不已，上固留之，不能得，乃聽歸衡山。 敕郡縣為之築室於山中，給三品料。
When the envoy from Chengdu returned, the Retired Emperor's proclamation said: "I shall keep myself on the Jiannan circuit alone and will not return. The emperor was stricken with fear and did not know what to do. Several days later another messenger arrived and said: "When the Retired Emperor first received Your Majesty's memorial asking him to return to the Eastern Palace, he was so troubled he could not eat and meant not to come back; but when the officials' memorial arrived, he was overjoyed, ordered a feast and music, and set a date for his departure." The emperor summoned Li Mi and said: "This is all your work!" Mi again begged to return to the mountains. The emperor tried to keep him but could not, and at last let him go back to Mount Heng. He ordered the local officials to build him a house on the mountain and supply him with third-rank rations.
27
癸亥，上發鳳翔，遣太子太師韋見素入蜀，奉迎上皇。
On guihai the emperor left Fengxiang and sent Grand Preceptor to the Heir Apparent Wei Jiansu into Shu to welcome the Retired Emperor.
28
乙丑，郭子儀遣左兵馬使張用濟、右武鋒使渾釋之將兵取河陽及河內； 嚴莊來降。 陳留人殺尹子奇，舉郡降。 田承嗣圍來瑱於穎川，亦遣使來降； 郭子儀應之緩，承嗣復叛，與武令珣皆走河北。 制以瑱為淮南節度使。
On yichou Guo Ziyi sent Left Army-and-Horse Commissioner Zhang Yongji and Right Martial Vanguard Commissioner Hun Shizhi to take Heyang and Henei; Yan Zhuang surrendered. The people of Chenliu killed Yin Ziqi and surrendered the commandery. Tian Chengsi, besieging Lai Tian at Yingchuan, also sent envoys to surrender; but Guo Ziyi answered too slowly. Chengsi rebelled again and fled to Hebei with Wu Lingxun. An edict appointed Lai Tian military commissioner of Huainan.
29
丙寅，上至望賢宮，得東京捷奏。 丁卯，上入西京。 百姓出國門奉迎，二十里不絕，舞躍呼萬歲，有泣者。 上入居大明宮。 御史中丞崔器令百官受賊官爵者皆脫巾徒跣立於含元殿前，搏膺頓首請罪，環之以兵，使百官臨視之。 太廟為賊所焚，上素服向廟哭三日。 是日，上皇發蜀郡。
On bingyin the emperor reached Wangxian Palace and received the victory dispatch from Luoyang. On dingmao the emperor entered the Western Capital. The people came out beyond the city gate to welcome him for twenty li without a break, dancing and shouting "Long live the emperor!"—many weeping. The emperor took up residence in the Daming Palace. Censor-in-Chief Cui Qi ordered every official who had accepted rank from the rebels to remove his cap and stand barefoot before Hanyuan Hall, beating his breast and knocking his head to beg forgiveness, ringed with soldiers while the court looked on. The Imperial Ancestral Temple had been burned by the rebels; the emperor wore plain white and mourned before it for three days. That same day the Retired Emperor left Shu.
30
安慶緒走保鄴郡，改鄴郡為安成府，改元天成； 從騎不過三百，步卒不過千人，諸將阿史那承慶等散投常山、趙郡、范陽。 旬日間，蔡希德自上黨，田承嗣自穎川，武令珣自南陽，各帥所部兵歸之。 又召募河北諸郡人，眾至六萬，軍聲復振。
An Qingxu fled to Ye, renamed it Ancheng Prefecture, and proclaimed the era name Tiancheng; with fewer than three hundred horsemen and a thousand foot soldiers. Generals such as Ashina Chengqing scattered to Changshan, Zhaojun, and Fanyang. Within ten days, Cai Xide marched down from Shangdang, Tian Chengsi from Yingchuan, and Wu Lingxun from Nanyang, each bringing his division back to his side. He also raised recruits from the Hebei commanderies until his force numbered sixty thousand, and the army's morale surged anew.
31
廣平王俶之入東京也，百官受安祿山父子官者陳希烈等三百餘人，皆素服悲泣請罪。 俶以上旨釋之，尋勒赴西京。 己巳，崔器令詣朝堂請罪，如西京百官之儀，然後收系大理、京兆獄。 其府縣所由、祗承人等受賊驅使追捕者，皆收系之。
When Li Chu, Prince of Guangping, entered the Eastern Capital, more than three hundred officials who had taken office under An Lushan and his son—including Chen Xilie—appeared in undyed mourning dress, weeping as they pleaded for pardon. Li Chu released them by imperial order and soon had them escorted on to the Western Capital. On the jisi day, Cui Qi required them to present themselves at court and perform the same rite of confession as the officials in the Western Capital, after which they were confined in the prisons of the Court of Judicial Review and the metropolitan prefecture. Local clerks and runners who had been forced by the rebels to hunt down fugitives were imprisoned as well.
32
初，汲郡甄濟，有操行，隱居青巖山，安祿山為採訪使，奏掌書記。 濟察祿山有異志，詐得風疾，舁歸家。 祿山反，使蔡希德引行刑者二人，封刀召之，濟引首待刀，希德以實病白祿山。 後安慶緒亦使人強舁至東京，月餘，會廣平王俶平東京，濟起，詣軍門上謁，俶遣詣京師，上命館之於三司，令受賊官爵者列拜以愧其心，以濟為秘書郎。 國子司業蘇源明稱病不受祿山官，上擢為考功郎中、知制誥。 壬申，上御丹鳳樓，下制：「士庶受賊官祿，為賊用者，令三司條件聞奏； 其因戰被虜，或所居密近，因與賊往來者，皆聽自首除罪； 其子女為賊所污者，勿問。」
Earlier, Zhen Ji of Jijun, a man of proven moral character, had withdrawn to Mount Qingyan. When An Lushan became regional commissioner, he recommended Ji as his secretary. Ji saw that Lushan nursed treasonous ambitions and feigned a paralytic stroke, having himself borne home on a litter. After Lushan rose in rebellion, he dispatched Cai Xide with two executioners and a sealed blade to fetch Ji. Ji bared his neck for the stroke, but Xide told Lushan that the sickness was real. Later An Qingxu had him forcibly carried to the Eastern Capital. More than a month afterward, when Li Chu, Prince of Guangping, recovered the city, Ji rose, presented himself at the camp gate, and was sent on to the capital. Emperor Suzong housed him at the Three Offices and made every official who had taken rebel rank bow before him to sear their conscience, then appointed Ji Secretary Gentleman. Su Yuanming, Vice Director of the Directorate of Education, had pleaded illness and refused Lushan's appointment; Emperor Suzong now promoted him to Director of the Bureau of Evaluations with authority to draft imperial proclamations. On the renshen day, Emperor Suzong took the Danfeng Tower and proclaimed: "Subjects who accepted rebel stipends and served the rebels shall be reported to the throne by the Three Offices with particulars; those taken captive in battle, or those who lived near rebel-held ground and had dealings with them, may all confess and be pardoned; and no inquiry shall be made where sons or daughters were violated by the rebels."
33
癸酉，回紇葉護自東京還，上命百官迎之於長樂驛，上與宴於宣政殿。 葉護奏以「軍中馬少，請留其兵於沙苑，自歸取馬，還為陛下掃除范陽餘孽。」 上賜而遣之。
On the guiyou day, the Uyghur Yabgu came back from the Eastern Capital. Emperor Suzong had the whole court receive him at Changle Post Station and entertained him in the Xuanzheng Hall. Yabgu reported that his troops were short of horses, asked to leave his soldiers at Shayuan while he went home to fetch remounts, and promised to return and scour Fanyang clean of the remaining rebels for the emperor. "Emperor Suzong granted him gifts and let him depart."
34
十一月，廣平王俶、郭子儀來自東京，上勞子儀曰：「吾之家國，由卿再造。」
In the eleventh month, Li Chu, Prince of Guangping, and Guo Ziyi arrived from the Eastern Capital. Emperor Suzong praised Guo Ziyi: "My dynasty and my realm were reborn through you."
35
張鎬帥魯炅、來瑱、吳王祗、李嗣業、李奐五節度徇河南、河東郡縣，皆下之； 惟能元皓據北海，高秀巖據大同，未下。
Zhang Hao led five commissioners—Lu Chang, Lai Tian, the Prince of Wu Zhi, Li Siye, and Li Huan—through the Henan and Hedong prefectures, and one after another they fell; only Neng Yuanhao still held Beihai and Gao Xiuyan Datong.
36
己丑，以回紇葉護為司空、忠義王； 歲遺回紇絹二萬匹，使就朔方軍受之。
On the jichou day, the Uyghur Yabgu was made Minister of Works and enfeoffed as King of Loyal Righteousness; and every year twenty thousand bolts of silk were sent to the Uyghurs, to be collected from the Shuofang command.
37
以嚴莊為司農卿。 上之在彭原也，更以栗為九廟主； 庚寅，朝享於長樂殿。
Yan Zhuang was appointed Minister of Agriculture. While Emperor Suzong was at Pengyuan, chestnuts had again served as offerings before the ancestral tablets; on the gengyin day he conducted the court sacrifice in the Changle Hall.
38
丙申，上皇至鳳翔，從兵六百餘人，上皇命悉以甲兵輸郡庫。 上發精騎三千奉迎。 十二月，丙午，上皇至咸陽，上備法駕迎於望賢宮。 上皇在宮南樓，上釋黃袍，著紫袍，望樓下馬，趨進，拜舞於樓下。 上皇降樓，撫上而泣。 上捧上皇足，嗚咽不自勝。 上皇索黃袍，自為上著之，上伏地頓首固辭。 上皇曰：「天數、人心皆歸於汝，使朕得保養餘齒，汝之孝也！」 上不得已，受之。 父老在仗外，歡呼且拜。 上令開仗，縱千餘人入謁上皇，曰：「臣等今日復睹二聖相見，死無恨矣！」 上皇不肯居正殿，曰：「此天子之位也。」 上固請，自扶上皇登殿。 尚食進食，上品嚐而薦之。 丁未，將發行宮，上親為上皇習馬而進之。 上皇上馬，上親執鞚。 行數步，上皇止之。 上乘馬前引，不敢當馳道。 上皇謂左右曰：「吾為天子五十年，未為貴； 今為天子父，乃貴耳！」 左右皆呼萬歲。 上皇自開遠門入大明宮，御含元殿，慰撫百官； 乃詣長東殿謝九廟主，慟哭久之； 即日，幸興慶宮，遂居之。 上累表請避位還東宮，上皇不許。
On the bingshen day, Retired Emperor Xuanzong reached Fengxiang with a little over six hundred attendants and ordered every weapon surrendered to the local arsenal. Emperor Suzong sent three thousand picked horsemen to meet him. In the twelfth month, on the bingwu day, Retired Emperor Xuanzong came to Xianyang, where Emperor Suzong met him at Wangxian Palace with the full imperial escort. From the palace's south tower the retired emperor looked down as Suzong stripped off his yellow imperial robe, donned a prince's purple, dismounted at sight of the tower, and rushed forward to kowtow below. Xuanzong came down the stairs, embraced him, and wept. Suzong clasped his father's feet and sobbed until he could scarcely breathe. Xuanzong called for the yellow robe and dressed him in it himself; Suzong lay prostrate, kowtowing again and again in refusal. Xuanzong said, "Heaven's mandate and the people's hearts are yours. To let me live out my old age in peace—that is filial devotion! At last Suzong could not refuse and accepted the robe. Outside the honor guard the local elders cheered and bowed. Suzong opened the ranks and admitted more than a thousand people to greet the retired emperor. They cried, "To see the Two Sages reunited today—we can die without regret! Xuanzong would not take the main hall. "That seat belongs to the Son of Heaven," he said. Suzong insisted until he himself helped his father up the steps. When the Imperial Kitchen served the meal, Suzong tasted each dish before presenting it to his father. On the dingwei day, before leaving the lodge, Suzong himself walked his father's mount in circles and led it forward. When Xuanzong mounted, Suzong held the reins with his own hands. After a few steps the retired emperor made him stop. Suzong then rode ahead to lead the way, keeping off the imperial carriage road. Xuanzong told his attendants, "I was emperor for fifty years and never felt so honored; now, as the emperor's father, I am truly exalted! His attendants shouted "Long live the emperor!" Xuanzong entered the Daming Palace through the Kaiyuan Gate, took the Hanyuan Hall, and reassured the officials; then went to the Changdong Hall to bow before the ancestral tablets and wept for a long while; that same day he moved into the Xingqing Palace and made it his residence. Suzong repeatedly asked to abdicate and return to the Eastern Palace, but Xuanzong would not hear of it."
39
辛亥，以禮部尚書李峴、兵部侍郎呂諲為詳理使，與御史大夫崔器共按陳希烈等獄。 峴以殿中侍御史李棲筠為詳理判官，棲筠多務平恕，故人皆怨諲、器之刻深，而峴獨得美譽。
On the xinhai day, Li Xian, Minister of Rites, and Lü Zhen, Vice Minister of War, were appointed commissioners for detailed review to join Censor-in-Chief Cui Qi in trying the cases of Chen Xilie and his fellows. Li Xian named Palace Censor Li Qiyun as reviewing judge. Qiyun leaned toward mercy, so public resentment fell on Lü Zhen and Cui Qi for their harshness while Li Xian alone won praise.
40
戊午，上御丹鳳樓，赦天下，惟與安祿山同反及李林甫、王鉷、楊國忠子孫不在免例。 立廣平王俶為楚王，加郭子儀司徒，李光弼司空，自餘蜀郡、靈武扈從立功之臣，皆進階，賜爵，加食邑有差。 李憕、盧奕、顏杲卿、袁履謙、許遠、張巡、張介然、蔣清、龐堅等皆加追贈，官其子孫。 戰亡之家，給復二載。 郡縣來載租、庸三分蠲一。 近所改郡名、官名，一依故事。 以蜀郡為南京，鳳翔為西京，西京為中京。 以張良娣為淑妃，立皇子南陽王人系為趙王，新城王僅為彭王，穎川王僩為兗王，東陽王侹為涇王，璜為襄王，倕為杞王，偲為召王，昭為興王，侗為定王。
On the wuwu day, Emperor Suzong took the Danfeng Tower and proclaimed a general amnesty, exempting only those who had risen with An Lushan and the descendants of Li Linfu, Wang Hong, and Yang Guozhong. Li Chu, Prince of Guangping, was created Prince of Chu; Guo Ziyi was made Minister of Education and Li Guangbi Minister of Works; and every other minister who had followed the court to Shu and Lingwu was promoted, ennobled, and granted enlarged fiefs according to merit. Li Qian, Lu Yi, Yan Gaoqing, Yuan Lüqian, Xu Yuan, Zhang Xun, Zhang Jieran, Jiang Qing, Pang Jian, and others received posthumous honors, and their sons and grandsons were given official appointments. Families of the war dead were exempted from levies for two years. Land tax and corvée payments due from the commanderies in the coming year were cut by one-third. Commandery and office titles changed during the rebellion were all restored to their former names. Shu was named the Southern Capital, Fengxiang the Western Capital, and the old Western Capital became the Central Capital. Consort Zhang Liangdi was raised to Shufei, and the imperial sons were enfeoffed: Renxi, Prince of Nanyang, as Prince of Zhao; Jin, Prince of Xincheng, as Prince of Peng; Dan, Prince of Yingchuan, as Prince of Yan; Ting, Prince of Dongyang, as Prince of Jing; Huang as Prince of Xiang; Chui as Prince of Qi; Si as Prince of Shao; Zhao as Prince of Xing; and Tong as Prince of Ding.
41
議者或罪張巡以守睢陽不去，與其食人，曷若全人。 其友人李翰為之作傳，表上之，以為：「巡以寡擊眾，以弱制強，保江、淮以待陛下之師，師至而巡死，巡之功大矣。 而議者或罪巡以食人，愚巡以守死，善遏惡揚，錄瑕棄用，臣竊痛之！ 巡所以固守者，以待諸軍之救，救不至而食盡，食既盡而及人，乖其素志。 設使巡守城之初已有食人之計，損數百之眾以全天下，臣猶曰功過相掩，況非其素志乎！ 今巡死大難，不睹休明，唯其令名是其榮祿。 若不時紀錄，恐遠而不傳，使巡生死不遇，誠可悲焉！ 臣敢撰傳一卷獻上，乞編列史官。」 眾議由是始息。 是後赦令無不及李憕等，而程千里獨以生執賊庭，不沾褒贈。 甲子，上皇御宣政殿，以傳國寶授上，上始涕泣而受之。
Some critics condemned Zhang Xun for holding Suiyang to the end: by eating the dead, they argued, he had destroyed lives he might have saved. His friend Li Han wrote his biography and presented it to the throne, arguing: "With a handful Xun fought multitudes; with the weak he mastered the strong. He shielded the Yangtze and Huai until Your Majesty's armies could come. The armies arrived only after Xun had died—his service was immense. Yet some blame him for cannibalism, as though devotion unto death were folly—suppressing virtue to broadcast vice, seizing on a stain and discarding his worth. This pains me deeply. He held the city to await relief. Relief never came; provisions ran out; when nothing remained, hunger drove men to the unthinkable—far from what he had ever intended. Even if he had planned from the first to sacrifice hundreds to save the empire, I would still call merit and fault a fair trade—how much more so when that was never his purpose! Xun perished in the catastrophe and never saw the restoration; a good name is now his only reward. Unless his deeds are set down now, they may never reach posterity, and he would be wronged in life and death alike—a grievous loss. I humbly submit this biography and ask that the historians enroll it in the official record. The controversy then began to die away. Afterward every amnesty honored men such as Li Qian, yet Cheng Qianli alone—taken alive in the rebel camp—received no posthumous praise. On the jiazi day, Retired Emperor Xuanzong presided in the Xuanzheng Hall and passed the imperial seal to Suzong, who accepted it at last with tears."
42
安慶緒之北走也，其大將北平王李歸仁及精兵曳落河、同羅、六州胡數萬人皆潰歸范陽，所過俘掠，人物無遺。 史思明厚為之備，且遣使逆招之范陽境，曳落河、六州胡皆降。 同羅不從，思明縱兵擊之，同羅大敗，悉奪其所掠，餘眾走歸其國。
As An Qingxu fled north, his general Li Guiren, Prince of Northern Ping, and tens of thousands of elite Yeluohe, Tongluo, and Six-States Hu troops broke up and streamed back toward Fanyang, plundering everything in their path until nothing remained. Shi Siming made lavish preparations and sent envoys to meet them at the Fanyang frontier; the Yeluohe and Six-States Hu submitted to him. The Tongluo refused. Siming attacked them, routed them utterly, seized all they had looted, and drove the survivors back to their homeland.
43
慶緒忌思明之強，遣阿史那承慶、安守忠往徵兵，因密圖之。 判官耿仁智說思明曰：「大夫崇重，人莫敢言，仁智願一言而死。」 思明曰：「何也？」 仁智曰：「大夫所以盡力於安氏者，迫於凶威耳，今唐室中興，天子仁聖，大夫誠帥所部歸之，此轉禍為福之計也。」 裨將烏承玼說思明曰：「今唐室再造，慶緒葉上露耳。 大夫奈何與之俱亡！ 若歸款朝廷，以自湔洗，易於反掌耳。」 思明以為然。
An Qingxu, jealous of Siming's power, sent Ashina Chengqing and An Shouzhong to summon his troops while secretly plotting his downfall. His aide Geng Renzhi urged him: "You stand too high for anyone to speak plainly. I will speak even if it costs my life. Siming asked, "What is it? Geng Renzhi replied, "You served the An clan only because their terror forced you. The Tang is rising again and the emperor is merciful. Lead your troops back to the throne—that is how you turn disaster into fortune. His deputy Wu Chengzhen added, "The Tang has been remade. Qingxu is dew on a leaf. Why should you perish with him? Submit to the court and wash yourself clean—it is easier than turning your hand over. Siming agreed."
44
承慶、守忠以五千勁騎自隨，至范陽，思明番眾數萬迎之，相距一里所，使人謂承慶等曰：「相公及王遠至，將士不勝其喜，然邊兵怯懦，懼相公之眾，不敢進，願弛弓以安之。」 承慶等從之。 思明引承慶等入內廳樂飲，別遣人收其甲兵，諸郡兵皆給糧縱遣之，願留者厚賜，分隸諸營。 明日。 囚承慶等，遣其將竇子昂奉表以所部十三郡及兵八萬來降，並帥其河東節度使高秀巖亦以所部來降。 乙丑，子昂至京師。 上大喜，以思明為歸義王、范陽節度使，子七人皆除顯官。 遣內侍李思敬與烏承恩往宣慰，使將所部兵討慶緒。
Chengqing and Shouzhong arrived with five thousand picked horsemen. At Fanyang, Siming's tribal warriors—tens of thousands strong—met them a li away and sent word: "Your lordships have come far, and our men rejoice, but the frontier troops are timid before your numbers. Unstring your bows so they may be at ease. They did so. Siming ushered them into the inner hall for a feast, while others quietly collected their arms. He fed the provincial soldiers, released those who wished to go, richly rewarded those who stayed, and assigned them to his camps. The next day, he imprisoned Chengqing and his party, and sent his general Dou Zi'ang with a memorial offering thirteen commanderies and eighty thousand men in surrender, while his Hedong commissioner Gao Xiuyan submitted his forces as well. On the yichou day, Dou Zi'ang reached the capital. Emperor Suzong was overjoyed, made Siming King of Returning Allegiance and military commissioner of Fanyang, and gave lofty posts to all seven of his sons. He sent the eunuch Li Sijing with Wu Chengen to announce the court's favor and ordered them to lead Siming's troops against An Qingxu.
45
先是，慶緒以張忠志為常山太守，思明召忠志還范陽，以其將薛萼攝恆州刺史，開井陘路，招趙郡太守陸濟，降之； 命其子朝義將兵五千人攝冀州刺史，以其將令狐彰為博州刺史。 烏承恩所至宣佈詔旨，滄、瀛、安、深、德、棣等州皆降，雖相州未下，河北率為唐有矣。
Earlier, An Qingxu had made Zhang Zhongzhi prefect of Changshan. Siming recalled Zhongzhi to Fanyang, put his general Xue E in charge of Hengzhou, opened the Jingxing route, and won over Lu Ji, prefect of Zhao Commandery; he sent his son Chaoyi with five thousand men to hold Jizhou and appointed his general Linghu Zhang prefect of Bozhou. Wherever Wu Chengen went he proclaimed the imperial edicts, and Cang, Ying, An, Shen, De, Di, and the other prefectures submitted. Although Xiangzhou still held out, Hebei was largely Tang territory again.
46
上皇加上尊號曰光天文武大聖孝感皇帝。
Retired Emperor Xuanzong was given the honorific title Emperor of Luminous Heaven, Civil and Martial, Great Sage, and Great Filial Piety.
47
郭子儀還東都，經營河北。
Guo Ziyi returned to the Eastern Capital to organize the recovery of Hebei.
48
崔器、呂諲上言：「諸陷賊官，背國從偽，准律皆應處死。」 上欲從之。 李峴以為：「賊陷兩京，天子南巡，人自逃生。 此屬皆陛下親戚或勳舊子孫，今一概以叛法處死，恐乖仁恕之道。 且河北未平，群臣陷賊者尚多，若寬之，足開自新之路； 若盡誅之，是堅其附賊之心也。 《書》曰：『殲厥渠魁，脅從罔理。』 諲、器守文，不達大體。 惟陛上圖之。」 爭之累日，上從峴議，以六等定罪，重者刑之於市，次賜自盡，次重杖一百，次三等流、貶。 壬申，斬達奚珣等十八人於城西南獨柳樹下，陳希烈等七人賜自盡於大理寺； 應受杖者於京兆府門。
Cui Qi and Lü Zhen memorialized: "Every official who served under the rebels betrayed the state and followed a usurper; by law they all deserve death. Emperor Suzong was inclined to agree. Li Xian argued: "When the rebels took both capitals and the Son of Heaven withdrew south, every man fled to save himself. They are all Your Majesty's relatives or the descendants of meritorious ministers. To execute every one of them under the law of rebellion would betray the way of mercy and forbearance. Moreover, Hebei is not yet pacified, and many officials who served under the rebels are still out there. If we show leniency, we open a path for them to reform. If we execute them all, we only harden their resolve to stay with the rebels. The Book of Documents says: "Destroy the ringleaders; do not punish those who were coerced into following them." Lü Zhen and Cui Qi cling to the letter of the law and miss the larger design. I beg Your Majesty to weigh this carefully. They argued for days. The emperor accepted Li Xian's proposal and divided the guilty into six grades: the gravest were executed in public; the next rank were permitted to take their own lives; the next received one hundred strokes of the heavy staff; and the three lowest grades were exiled or demoted. On renshen, Daxi Xun and eighteen others were beheaded beneath the Solitary Willow southwest of the city, while Chen Xilie and seven others were permitted to kill themselves at the Court of Judicial Review; those sentenced to the staff were beaten at the gate of the Jingzhao prefectural office."
49
上欲免張均、張垍死，上皇曰：「均、垍事賊，皆任權要。 均仍為賊毀吾家事，罪不可赦！」 上叩頭再拜曰：「臣非張說父子，無有今日。 臣不能活均、垍，使死者有知，何面目見說於九泉！」 因俯伏流涕。 上皇命左右扶上起，曰：「張垍為汝長流嶺表，張均必不可活，汝更勿救！」 上泣而從命。
The emperor wished to spare Zhang Jun and Zhang Ji from death. The Retired Emperor said: "Jun and Ji served the rebels and both held positions of great power. Jun even helped the rebels destroy my household—his crime cannot be forgiven! The emperor kowtowed and said: "Without Zhang Yue and his sons, I would not be emperor today. If I cannot save Jun and Ji, and the dead have awareness, how could I face Yue in the grave! He prostrated himself, weeping. The Retired Emperor had attendants raise him and said: "For your sake Zhang Ji shall be exiled to the far south, but Zhang Jun must die—do not plead for him again!" The emperor wept and obeyed."
50
安祿山所署河南尹張萬頃獨以在賊中能保庇百姓，不坐。 頃之，有自賊中來降者，言「唐群臣從安慶緒在鄴者，聞廣平王赦陳希烈等，皆自悼，恨失身賊庭； 及聞希烈等誅，乃止。」 上甚悔之。
Zhang Wanqing, whom An Lushan had appointed Henan intendant, alone escaped prosecution because he had sheltered the people while serving under the rebels. Soon afterward a man who had defected from the rebels reported: "The Tang officials with An Qingxu at Ye, hearing that Prince of Guangping Li Chu had pardoned Chen Xilie and the others, all grieved that they had thrown their lives away in the rebel court; when they heard that Xilie and the others had been executed, they abandoned the idea." The emperor deeply regretted his decision.
51
臣光曰：為人臣者，策名委質，有死無貳。 希烈等或貴為卿相，或親連肺腑，於承平之日，無一言以規人主之失，救社稷之危，迎合取容以竊富貴； 及四海橫潰，乘輿播越，偷生苟免，顧戀妻子，媚賊稱臣，為之陳力，此乃屠酤之所羞，犬馬之不如。 倘更全其首領，復其官爵，是謅諛之臣無往而不得計也。 彼顏杲卿、張巡之徒，世治則擯斥外方，沉抑下僚； 世亂則委棄孤城，齏粉寇手。 何為善者之不幸而為惡者之幸，朝廷待忠義之薄而保奸邪之厚邪！ 至於微賤之臣，巡徼之隸，謀議不預，號令不及，朝聞親征之詔，夕失警蹕之所，乃復責其不能扈從，不亦難哉！ 六等議刑，斯亦可矣，又何悔焉！
Sima Guang remarks: A minister registers his name and pledges his person to his lord; he may die, but he must not serve two masters. Men like Chen Xilie were either exalted as chancellors or bound to the throne by kinship, yet in peaceful times they never spoke to correct the ruler's faults or save the state from peril; they fawned for favor and stole rank and riches; when the realm collapsed and the Son of Heaven fled, they clung to life, doted on wives and children, fawned on the rebels and called themselves their subjects, and served them with all their strength—conduct that butchers and tavernkeepers would despise, beneath even dogs and horses. If they were spared and restored to office, every sycophant in the realm would know that treachery pays. Men like Yan Gaoqing and Zhang Xun, in times of peace, were shunted to distant posts and kept in low rank; in times of chaos they were left to defend forsaken cities and were ground to dust by the enemy. Why must the good suffer misfortune while the wicked prosper? Why does the court treat loyalty so thinly and shelter treachery so generously! As for humble officials and frontier patrolmen who had no voice in counsel and received no orders—in the morning they heard that the emperor was marching in person, and by evening the imperial guard had vanished—yet they were blamed for failing to escort him. Was that not asking the impossible! The six-grade scheme of punishments was punishment enough. Why regret it!
52
故妃韋氏既廢為尼，居禁中，是歲卒。
The former consort Lady Wei, deposed and made a nun, lived within the palace precincts; she died that year.
53
置左、右神武軍，取元從子弟充，其制皆如四軍，總謂之北牙六軍。 又擇善騎射者千人為殿前射生手，分左、右廂，號曰英武軍。
The Left and Right Divine Martial Armies were established, staffed with sons of the emperor's original followers; their organization matched the four existing armies, and together they were called the Northern Gate Six Armies. A thousand skilled horsemen and archers were also chosen as Palace Front Archery Guards, divided into left and right wings, and called the Valiant Martial Army.
54
升河中防禦使為節度，領蒲、絳等七州； 分劍南為東、西川節度，東川領梓、遂等十二州； 又置荊澧節度，領荊、澧等五州； 夔峽節度，領夔、峽等五州； 更安西曰鎮西。
The Hezhong defense commissioner was promoted to a full military commission over Pu, Jiang, and six other prefectures; Jiannan was split into Eastern and Western Chuan commissions; Eastern Chuan governed Zi, Sui, and eleven other prefectures; a Jing-Li commission was added over Jing, Li, and three other prefectures; and a Kui-Xia commission over Kui, Xia, and three other prefectures; Anxi was renamed Zhenxi.
55
肅宗文明武德大聖大宣孝皇帝中之下乾元元年（ 戊戌，公元七五八年）
In the latter portion of the reign of Emperor Suzong, first year of Qianyuan ( wuxu, 758 CE)
56
春，正月，戊寅，上皇御宣政殿，授冊，加上尊號。 上固辭「大聖」之號，上皇不許。 上尊上皇曰太上至道聖皇天帝。
In spring, the first month, on wuyin the Retired Emperor entered the Xuanzheng Hall to receive the investiture scroll and an honorific title. The emperor firmly declined the epithet "Great Sage," but the Retired Emperor would not hear of it. He honored the Retired Emperor as Supreme Sovereign, Utmost Way, Sage Emperor, Heavenly Emperor.
57
先是，官軍既克京城，宗廟之器及府庫資財多散在民間，遣使檢括，頗有煩擾； 乙酉，敕盡停之，乃命京兆尹李峴安撫坊市。
Earlier, after the imperial armies recaptured the capital, ancestral temple vessels and treasury goods had scattered among the people; envoys sent to recover them caused considerable harassment; on yiyou an edict halted the searches entirely, and Li Xian, intendant of Jingzhao, was ordered to pacify the wards and markets.
58
二月，癸卯朔，以殿中監李輔國兼太僕卿。 輔國依附張淑妃，判元帥府行軍司馬，勢傾朝野。
In the second month, on the first day guimao, Palace Director Li Fuguo was also appointed Grand Master of the Stud. Fuguo relied on Consort Zhang Shu, served as acting chief of staff of the supreme commander's headquarters, and his power dominated the court.
59
安慶緒所署北海節度使能元皓舉所部來降，以為鴻臚卿，充河北招討使。
Neng Yuanhao, whom An Qingxu had appointed Beihai military commissioner, surrendered with his entire command; he was made Minister Herald and charged with pacifying Hebei.
60
丁未，上御明鳳門，赦天下，改元。 盡免百姓今載租、庸。 復以載為年。
On dingwei the emperor appeared at the Mingfeng Gate, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the reign title. All land tax and corvée for the year were remitted. The character zai was restored for use in dating the year.
61
庚午，以安東副大都護王玄志為營州刺史，充平盧節度使。 三月，甲戌，徙楚王俶為成王。
On gengwu Wang Xuanzhi, vice protector-general of Andong, was appointed prefect of Yingzhou and military commissioner of Pinglu. In the third month, on jiaxu, Prince of Chu Li Chu was redesignated Prince of Cheng.
62
戊寅，立張淑妃為皇后。
On wuyin Consort Zhang Shu was made empress.
63
鎮西、北庭行營節度使李嗣業屯河內。 癸巳，北庭兵馬使王惟良謀作亂，嗣業與裨將荔非元禮討誅之。
Li Siye, military commissioner of the Zhenxi and Beiting field headquarters, was encamped at Henei. On guisi the Beiting army-and-horse commissioner Wang Weiliang plotted a mutiny; Li Siye and his lieutenant Lafei Yuanli suppressed and killed him.
64
安慶緒之北走也，其平原太守王暕、清河太守宇文寬皆殺其使者來降； 慶緒使其將蔡希德、安太清攻拔之，生擒以歸，咼於鄴市。 凡有謀歸者，皆誅及種、族，乃至部曲、州縣、官屬，連坐死者甚眾。 又與其群臣歃血盟於鄴南，而人心益離。 慶緒聞李嗣業在河內，夏，四月，與蔡希德、崔乾祐將步騎二萬，涉沁水攻之，不勝而還。
When An Qingxu fled north, his Pingyuan prefect Wang Yan and Qinghe prefect Yuwen Kuan killed his envoys and surrendered; Qingxu sent Cai Xide and An Taiqing to retake the cities, captured them alive, and had their noses cut off in the market at Ye. Anyone who plotted to defect was executed together with his clan, retainers, local officials, and subordinates; the dead were innumerable. He and his ministers swore a blood oath south of Ye, yet loyalty only frayed further. Hearing that Li Siye was at Henei, in the fourth month of summer Qingxu led Cai Xide and Cui Qianyou with twenty thousand infantry and cavalry across the Qin River to attack him, failed, and withdrew.
65
癸卯，以太子少師虢王巨為河南尹，充東京留守。
On guimao Prince of Guo Ju, Junior Tutor to the Heir Apparent, was appointed Henan intendant and regent of the Eastern Capital.
66
辛卯，新主入太廟。 甲寅，上享太廟，遂祀昊天上帝； 乙卯，御明鳳門，赦天下。
On xinmao the new spirit tablets were installed in the Grand Ancestral Temple. On jiayin the emperor offered in the Grand Ancestral Temple, then sacrificed to the Supreme Heavenly Emperor; on yimao he appeared at the Mingfeng Gate and proclaimed a general amnesty.
67
五月，壬午，制停採訪使，改黜陟使為觀察使。
In the fifth month, on renwu, the Investigating Commissioners were abolished and the Promotion-and-Demotion Commissioners were renamed Surveillance Commissioners.
68
張鎬性簡澹，不事中要，聞史思明請降，上言：「思明凶險，因亂竊位，力強則眾附，勢奪則人離，彼雖人面，心如野獸，難以德懷，願勿假以威權。」 又言：「滑州防禦使許叔冀，狡猾多詐，臨難必變，請征入宿衛。」 時上以寵納思明，會中使自范陽及白馬來，皆言思明、叔冀忠懇可信，上以鎬為不切事機，戊子，罷為荊州防禦使； 以禮部尚書崔光遠為河南節度使。
Zhang Gao was plain and detached by nature and would not court the powerful. When he heard that Shi Siming was offering to surrender, he memorialized: "Siming is fierce and treacherous; he seized power in the chaos. When he is strong men flock to him; when his power fades they abandon him. Though he wears a human face, his heart is that of a beast. He cannot be won by virtue. Do not grant him authority." He also said: "Xu Shuji, defense commissioner of Huazhou, is cunning and treacherous; in a crisis he will surely turn. Summon him to serve in the palace guard." The emperor was already inclined to favor Siming. Palace envoys arrived from Fanyang and Baima, all reporting that Siming and Shuji were loyal and trustworthy. The emperor judged Gao out of touch with affairs. On wuzi he was demoted to defense commissioner of Jingzhou; and Minister of Rites Cui Guangyuan was appointed Henan military commissioner.
69
張-{后}-生興王佋，才數歲，欲以為嗣。 上疑未決，從容謂考功郎中、知制誥李揆曰：「成王長，且有功，朕欲立為太子，卿意何如？」 揆再拜賀曰：「此社稷之福，臣不勝大慶！」 上喜曰：「朕意決矣。」 庚寅，立成王俶為皇太子。 揆，玄道之玄孫也。
Empress Zhang had borne Prince of Xing Li You, still only a few years old, and the emperor wished to make him heir. Still undecided, the emperor casually asked Li Kui, Director of the Bureau of Merit and drafter of edicts: "Prince of Cheng is the eldest and has won merit. I wish to make him heir apparent. What do you think? Kui bowed twice and exclaimed: "This is the fortune of the state! I cannot contain my joy!" The emperor was pleased. "My mind is made up," he said. On gengyin Prince of Cheng Li Chu was established as heir apparent. Kui was the great-great-grandson of Li Xuandao.
70
乙未，以崔圓為太子少師，李麟為少傅，皆罷政事。 上頗好鬼神，太常少卿王璵專依鬼神以求媚，每議禮儀，多雜以巫祝俚俗。 上悅之，以璵為中書侍郎、同平章事。
On yiwei Cui Yuan was made Junior Tutor to the Heir Apparent and Li Lin Junior Mentor; both were removed from governing affairs. The emperor favored spirits and omens. Wang Yu, Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, courted favor through spirit worship; whenever ritual was discussed, he larded it with shamans, invocations, and vulgar custom. The emperor was pleased and made Yu Vice Director of the Secretariat and Fellow Commissioner with the Secretariat-Chancellery.
71
贈故常山太守顏杲卿太子太保，謚曰忠節，以其子威明為太僕丞。 杲卿之死也，楊國忠用張通幽之譖，竟無褒贈。 上在鳳翔，顏真卿為御史大夫，泣訴於上。 上乃出通幽為普安太守，具奏其狀於上皇，上皇杖殺通幽。 杲卿子泉明為王承業所留，因寓居壽陽，為史思明所虜，裹以牛革，送於范陽。 會安慶緒初立，有赦，得免。 思明降，乃得歸，求其父屍於東京，得之，遂並袁履謙屍棺斂以歸。 杲卿姊妹女及泉明之子皆流落河北； 真卿時為蒲州刺史，使泉明往求之，泉明號泣求訪，哀感路人，久乃得之。 泉明詣親故乞索，隨所得多少贖之，先姑姊妹而後其子。 姑女為賊所掠，泉明錢二百緡，欲贖己女，閔其姑愁悴，先贖姑女； 比更得錢，求其女，已失所在。 遇群從姊妹及父時將吏袁履謙等妻子流落者，皆與之歸，凡五十餘家，三百餘口，均減資糧，一如親戚。 至蒲州，直卿悉加贍給，久之，隨其所適而資送之。 袁履謙妻疑履謙衣衾儉薄，發棺視之，與杲卿無異，乃始慚服。
The late Changshan prefect Yan Gaoqing was posthumously made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent with the posthumous title Loyal and Upright, and his son Weiming was appointed Assistant Master of the Stud. At the time of Gaoqing's death, Yang Guozhong had heeded Zhang Tongyou's slander, and no honors were granted. When the emperor was at Fengxiang, Censor-in-Chief Yan Zhenqing wept as he pleaded his brother's case. The emperor exiled Tongyou to Pu'an as prefect, reported the full case to the Retired Emperor, and the Retired Emperor had Tongyou beaten to death. Gaoqing's son Quanming had been detained by Wang Chengye and was living at Shouyang when Shi Siming captured him, bound him in oxhide, and sent him to Fanyang. When An Qingxu first took the throne, a general amnesty spared him. After Siming surrendered he was able to return, found his father's body in the Eastern Capital, and brought it home in a coffin together with the remains of Yuan Lüqian. Gaoqing's sisters, daughters, and Quanming's sons had all been scattered across Hebei; Yan Zhenqing was then prefect of Pu and sent Quanming to find them. Quanming searched wailing until passersby were moved to tears; only after a long search did he locate them. Quanming begged from kin and friends and ransomed whomever he could, redeeming his aunts and cousins before his own sons. When an aunt's daughter had been seized by rebels, Quanming had two hundred strings of cash and meant to ransom his own daughter, but seeing his aunt's grief, he redeemed her daughter first; by the time he raised more money to ransom his own daughter, she had vanished. He found cousins and the wives and children of his father's officers, including Yuan Lüqian's family, and brought them all home—more than fifty households, over three hundred people—sharing his provisions with them as though they were kin. When they reached Pu, Yan Zhenqing supported them all generously and, in time, furnished each household for the journey to its destination. Yuan Lüqian's wife suspected that her husband had been buried shabbily; she opened the coffin and found his shroud no less fine than Gaoqing's, and was ashamed.
72
六月，己酉，立太一壇於南郊之東，從王璵之請也。 上嘗不豫，卜雲山川為祟，璵請遣中使與女巫乘驛分禱天下名山大川。 巫恃勢，所過煩擾州縣，干求受贓。 黃州有巫，盛年美色，從無賴少年數十，為蠹尤甚，至黃州，宿於驛捨。 刺史左震晨至驛，門扃鎖，不可啟，震怒，破鎖而入，曳巫於階下斬之，所從少年悉斃之，籍其贓數十萬，具以狀聞，且請以其贓代貧民租，遣中使還京師，上無以罪也。
In the sixth month, on jiyou, the Grand Unity altar was established east of the southern suburban altar at Wang Yu's request. When the emperor fell ill, diviners blamed mountain and river spirits. Yu asked that palace envoys and shamans be sent by post relay to pray at famous mountains and rivers across the realm. The shamans abused their authority, harassing every prefecture and county they passed and extorting bribes. At Huangzhou one shaman, young and beautiful, traveled with several dozen ruffians and preyed on the region worse than most; when she reached Huangzhou she lodged at the post station. Prefect Zuo Zhen came to the station at dawn and found the gate barred. Enraged, he broke in, dragged the shaman to the steps and beheaded her, executed all her followers, seized hundreds of thousands in stolen goods, reported the case in full, and asked to apply the confiscated wealth to poor taxpayers' land dues. He sent the palace envoy back to the capital; the emperor could not punish him.
73
以開府儀同三司李嗣業為懷州刺史，充鎮西、北庭行營節度使。
Li Siye, Grand Master of the Palace with the Golden Pouch, was appointed prefect of Huaizhou and military commissioner of the Zhenxi and Beiting field headquarters.
74
山人韓穎改造新歷，丁巳，初行穎歷。
The recluse Han Ying devised a new calendar; on dingsi the Ying calendar was first adopted.
75
戊午，敕兩京陷賊官，三司推究未畢者皆釋之； 已貶、降者續處分。
On the wuwu day, the emperor decreed that officials of the Two Capitals who had served under the rebels and whose cases the Three Departments had not yet completed would be released; Those already demoted or degraded would continue to be dealt with separately.
76
太子少師房琯既失職，頗怏怏，多稱疾不朝，而賓客朝夕盈門，其黨為之揚言於朝云：「琯有文武才，宜大用。」 上聞而惡之，下制數琯罪，貶幽州刺史。 前祭酒劉秩貶閬州刺史，京兆尹嚴武貶巴州刺史； 皆琯黨也。
Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent Fang Guan, stripped of office, brooded over his fall and often pleaded illness to stay away from court, while retainers crowded his gate from dawn till dusk. His clique peddled a story at court: "Guan has both civil and military gifts and deserves a greater post." When the emperor heard of it he was revolted. He issued an edict listing Guan's offenses and banished him to be prefect of Youzhou. Former Imperial University Libationer Liu Zhi was demoted to prefect of Langzhou, and Metropolitan Governor Yan Wu to prefect of Bazhou; All were members of Guan's faction.
77
初，史思明以列將事來盧軍使烏知義，知義善待之。 知義子承恩為信都太守，以郡降思明，思明思舊恩而全之。 及安慶緒敗，承恩說思明降唐。 李光弼以思明終當叛亂，而承恩為思明所親信，陰使圖之； 又勸上以承恩為范陽節度副使，賜阿史那承慶鐵券，令共圖思明，上從之。
Earlier, Shi Siming had served under Youzhou military commissioner Wu Zhiyi as a line officer, and Zhiyi treated him kindly. Zhiyi's son Cheng'en was prefect of Xingdu and surrendered the commandery to Siming, who, remembering old favors, spared him. When An Qingxu was defeated, Cheng'en urged Siming to submit to Tang. Li Guangbi was sure Siming would rebel again. Because Cheng'en enjoyed Siming's trust, Guangbi secretly set him to plotting against his master; he also persuaded the emperor to name Cheng'en vice commissioner of Fanyang, grant Ashina Chengqing an iron certificate of mercy, and have the two of them plot against Siming together. The emperor agreed.
78
承恩多以私財募部曲，又數衣婦人服詣諸將營說誘之，諸將以白思明，思明疑未察。 會承恩入京師，上使內侍李思敬與之俱至范陽宣慰。 承恩既宣旨，思明留承恩館於府中，帷其床，伏二人於床下。 承恩少子在范陽，思明使省其父。 夜中，承恩密謂其子曰：「吾受命除此逆胡，當以吾為節度使。」 二人於床下大呼而出。 思明乃執承恩，索其裝囊，得鐵券及光弼牒，牒云：「承慶事成則付鐵券； 不然，不可付也。」 又得簿書數百紙，皆先從思明反者將士名。 思明責之曰：「我何負於汝而為此！」 承恩謝曰：「死罪，此皆李光弼之謀也。」 思明乃集將佐吏民，西向大哭曰：「臣以十三萬眾降朝廷，何負陛下，而欲殺臣！」 遂榜殺承恩父子，連坐死者二百餘人。 承恩弟承玼免。 思明囚思敬，表上其狀。 上遣中使慰諭思明曰：「此非朝廷與光弼之意，皆承恩所為，殺之甚善。」
Cheng'en spent his own money to raise private troops and repeatedly went about the generals' camps in women's dress to win them over. The generals reported this to Siming, who grew suspicious but had not yet uncovered the plot. When Cheng'en came to the capital, the emperor sent the palace attendant Li Sijing to accompany him to Fanyang on a mission of consolation. After Cheng'en had delivered the imperial message, Siming lodged him in his mansion, hung curtains around his bed, and hid two men beneath it. Cheng'en's youngest son was in Fanyang; Siming sent him to visit his father. In the night Cheng'en whispered to his son, "I have orders to remove this rebel chieftain—they mean to make me military commissioner." The two men under the bed shouted and leaped out. Siming then seized Cheng'en and searched his baggage, finding the iron certificate and a dispatch from Guangbi that read, "If Chengqing's affair succeeds, deliver the iron certificate; otherwise, do not deliver it." He also found several hundred pages of registers listing every officer and soldier who had first followed him in rebellion. Siming rebuked him: "What wrong have I done you, that you would do this!" Cheng'en pleaded, "A capital offense—but this was all Li Guangbi's doing." Siming then gathered his officers, clerks, and townspeople, faced west, and wailed, "I surrendered one hundred thirty thousand men to the court—how have I wronged Your Majesty, that you would seek my life!" He then had Cheng'en and his son executed by posted proclamation; more than two hundred others died by association. Cheng'en's younger brother Chengbi was spared. Siming imprisoned Sijing and sent a memorial reporting the whole affair. The emperor sent a palace envoy to reassure Siming: "This was not the court's intent, nor Guangbi's—it was all Cheng'en's doing. You were right to kill him."
79
會三司議陷賊官罪狀至范陽，思明謂諸將曰：「陳希烈輩皆朝廷大臣，上皇自棄之幸蜀，今猶不免於死，況吾屬本從安祿山反乎！」 諸將請思明表求誅光弼，思明從之，命判官耿仁智與其僚張不矜為表云：「陛下不為臣誅光弼，臣當自引兵就太原誅之。」 不矜草表以示思明，及將入函，仁智悉削去之。 寫表者以白思明，思明命執二人斬之。 仁智事思明久，思明憐，欲活之，復召入，謂曰：「我任使汝垂三十年，今日非我負汝。」 仁智大呼曰：「人生會有一死，得盡忠義，死之善者也。 今從大夫反，不過延歲月，豈若速死之愈乎！」 思明怒，亂捶之，腦流於地。
When the Three Departments' findings on officials who had served the rebels reached Fanyang, Siming told his generals, "Men like Chen Xilie were great ministers of the court. The Retired Emperor himself cast them off and fled to Shu, yet they still could not escape death—how much less can we, who rose with An Lushan!" The generals urged Siming to memorialize demanding Guangbi's death. Siming agreed and told his aide Geng Renzhi and colleague Zhang Bujin to draft a memorial: "If Your Majesty will not kill Guangbi for me, I shall lead my own troops to Taiyuan and kill him myself." Bujin drafted the memorial and showed it to Siming; as it was about to be sealed, Renzhi cut away every word. The copyist reported it to Siming, who ordered both men seized and beheaded. Renzhi had served Siming for many years; Siming took pity and meant to spare him, and called him back in, saying, "I have employed you for nearly thirty years—today it is not I who have failed you." Renzhi shouted, "Every man must die once—to die having fulfilled loyalty and righteousness is the good death. To follow you in rebellion buys no more than a few extra months—how is that better than dying now!" Siming flew into a rage and beat him until his brains ran on the ground.
80
烏承玼太原，李光弼表為昌化郡王，充石嶺軍使。
Wu Chengbi surrendered Taiyuan; Li Guangbi memorialized to create him Prince of Changhua and appoint him Shiling army commissioner.
81
秋，七月，丙戌，初鑄當十大錢，文曰「乾元重寶」，從御史中丞第五琦之謀也。
In autumn, the seventh month, on the bingxu day, the government first cast ten-cash heavy coins inscribed "Qianyuan Heavy Treasure," following the plan of Vice Censor-in-Chief Diwu Qi.
82
丁亥，冊命回紇可汗曰英武威遠毘伽闕可汗，以上幼女寧國公主妻之。 以監漢中王瑀為冊禮使，右司郎中李巽副之； 命左僕射裴冕送公主至境上。 戊子，又以司勳員餐郎鮮於叔明為瑀副。 叔明，仲通之弟也。 甲子，上送寧國公主至咸陽，公主辭訣曰：「國家事重，死且無恨！」 上流涕而還。
On dinghai the Uyghur qaghan was enfeoffed as Yingwu Weiyuan Pijia Que Qaghan, and the emperor gave him his youngest daughter, Princess Ningguo, in marriage. Prince of Hanzhong Wang Yu, Director of the Palace Domestic Service, was made chief enfeoffment envoy, with Vice Director of the Right Secretariat Li Xun as his deputy; Left Vice Minister of State Pei Mian was ordered to escort the princess to the frontier. On wuzi, Xianyu Shuming of the Bureau of Merit was also appointed Wang Yu's deputy. Shuming was the younger brother of Zhongtong. On jiazi the emperor escorted Princess Ningguo as far as Xianyang. Taking her leave, the princess said, "The state comes first—even death would hold no regret for me!" The emperor wept and turned back.
83
瑀等至回紇牙帳，可汗衣赭袍胡帽，坐帳中榻上，儀衛甚盛，引瑀等立於帳外，瑀不拜而立，可汗曰：「我與天可汗兩國之君，君臣有禮，何得不拜！」 瑀與叔明對曰：「向者唐與諸國為婚，皆以宗室女為公主。 今天子以可汗有功，自以所生女妻可汗。 恩禮至重，可汗奈何以子婿傲婦翁，坐榻上受冊命邪！」 可汗改容，起受冊命。 明日，立公主為可敦，舉國皆喜。
When Yu and his party reached the Uyghur royal camp, the qaghan wore a russet robe and Turkic cap and sat on a couch inside the tent, his escort magnificent in array. He had Yu and the others stand outside the tent. Yu stood without bowing. The qaghan said, "I and the Heavenly Qaghan are sovereigns of two realms—between lord and minister there is ritual propriety. How can you not bow!" Yu and Shuming answered together, "In former times, when Tang allied in marriage with foreign states, it always sent clanswomen as princesses. Today the Son of Heaven, because the qaghan has rendered great service, has given his own daughter born in the purple to be the qaghan's wife. The favor and ceremony are of the utmost weight—how can the qaghan, as son-in-law, show arrogance toward his wife's father and sit on a couch to receive the enfeoffment!" The qaghan changed countenance, rose, and received the enfeoffment standing. The next day the princess was installed as khatun, and the whole nation rejoiced.
84
乙未，郭子儀入朝。
On yiwei, Guo Ziyi came to court.
85
八月，壬寅，以青、登等五州節度使許叔冀為滑、濮等六州節度使。
In the eighth month, on the renyin day, Xu Shuji, military commissioner of Qing, Deng, and five other prefectures, was transferred to be military commissioner of Hua, Pu, and six other prefectures.
86
庚戌，李光弼入朝。 丙辰，以郭子儀為中書令，光弼為侍中。 丁巳，子儀詣行營。
On gengxu, Li Guangbi came to court. On bingchen, Guo Ziyi was made Director of the Department of State Affairs and Li Guangbi Attendant-in-Chief. On dingsi, Ziyi returned to the field headquarters.
87
回紇遣其臣骨啜特勒及帝德將驍騎三千助討安慶緒，上命朔方左武鋒使僕固懷恩領之。
The Uyghurs sent their ministers Guchuo Teli and Dide with three thousand crack horsemen to help attack An Qingxu; the emperor ordered Pugu Huai'en of the Shuofang Left Martial Vanguard to lead them.
88
九月，庚午朔，以右羽林大將軍趙泚為蒲、同、虢三州節度使。
In the ninth month, on the first day gengwu, Right General of the Feathered Forest Zhao Ci was made military commissioner of Pu, Tong, and Guo.
89
丙子，招討党項使王仲升斬党項酋長拓跋戎德，傳首。
On bingzi, Wang Zhongsheng, commissioner for suppressing the Qiang tribes, beheaded the Qiang chief Tuoba Rongde and sent his head to the capital.
90
安慶緒之初至鄴也，雖枝黨離析，猶據七郡六十餘城，甲兵資糧豐備。 慶緒不親政事，專以繕台沼樓船、酣飲為事。 其大臣高尚、張通儒等爭權不葉，無復綱紀。 蔡希德有才略，部兵精銳，而性剛，好直言，通儒譖而殺之； 麾下數千人皆逃散，諸將怨怒不為用。 以崔乾祐為天下兵馬使，總中外兵，乾祐愎戾好殺，士卒不附。
When An Qingxu first reached Ye, though his faction had splintered, he still held more than sixty cities across seven commanderies, with armor, weapons, and provisions in abundance. Qingxu paid no attention to government, devoting himself to building terraces, ponds, and tower-ships and to heavy drinking. His chief ministers Gao Shang, Zhang Tongru, and others fought for power without reconciling, and discipline collapsed. Cai Xide was capable and his troops were elite, but he was stubborn and spoke bluntly; Tongru slandered him and had him killed; Several thousand of his men fled and scattered, and the generals, resentful and angry, refused to fight. Cui Qianyou was made commissioner of all armies under heaven, commanding forces within and without; Qianyou was obstinate and bloodthirsty, and the soldiers would not follow him.
91
庚寅，命朔方郭子儀、淮西魯炅、興平李奐、滑濮許叔冀、鎮西、北庭李嗣業、鄭蔡季廣琛、河南崔光遠七節度使及平盧兵馬使董秦將步騎二十萬討慶緒； 又命河東李光弼、關內、澤潞王思禮二節度使將所部兵助之。 上以子儀、光弼皆元勳，難相統屬，故不置元帥，但以宦官開府儀同三司魚朝恩為觀軍容宣慰處置使。 觀軍容之名自此始。 癸巳，廣州奏：大食、波斯圍州城，刺史韋利見逾城走，二國兵掠倉庫，焚廬舍，浮海而去。
On gengyin, seven military commissioners—Guo Ziyi of Shuofang, Lu Huang of Huaixi, Li Huan of Xingping, Xu Shuji of Hua-Pu, Li Siye of Zhenxi and Beiting, Ji Guangchen of Zheng-Cai, and Cui Guangyuan of Henan—together with Dong Qin, infantry-cavalry commissioner of Pinglu, were ordered to lead two hundred thousand foot and horse against Qingxu; Li Guangbi of Hedong and Wang Sili of Guannei and Zelu were also ordered to bring their own troops to reinforce them. Because Ziyi and Guangbi were both founding merit-holders and neither could readily command the other, the emperor appointed no supreme commander but only the eunuch Yu Chaoen, Grand Master of the Palace with the Golden Pouch, as Army-Watching Pacification and Disposition Commissioner. The title Army-Watching Commissioner dates from this appointment. On guisi, Guangzhou reported that Arab and Persian forces had besieged the prefectural city; Prefect Wei Lijian fled over the wall; the troops of both states plundered the storehouses, burned the buildings, and sailed away by sea.
92
冬，十月，甲辰，冊太子，更名曰豫。 自中興以來，群下無復賜物，至是，始有新鑄大錢，百官、六軍沾賚有差。
In winter, the tenth month, on jiachen, the Heir Apparent was formally installed and his name changed to Yu. Since the restoration, officials had received no gifts of goods; now, with the newly cast heavy coins, the hundred officials and the Six Armies received largesse in varying amounts.
93
郭子儀引兵自杏園濟河，東至獲嘉，破安太清，斬首四千級，捕虜五百人。 太清走保衛州，子儀進圍之； 丙午，遣使告捷。 魯炅自陽武濟，季廣琛、崔光遠自酸棗濟，與李嗣業兵皆會子儀於衛州。 慶緒悉舉鄴中之眾七萬救衛州，分三軍，以崔乾祐將上軍，田承嗣將下軍，慶緒自將中軍。 子儀使善射者三千人伏於壘垣之內，令曰：「我退，賊必逐我，汝乃登壘，鼓噪而射之。」 既而與慶緒戰，偽退，賊逐之，至壘下，伏兵起射之，矢如雨注，賊還走，子儀復引兵逐之，慶緒大敗。 獲其弟慶和，殺之。 遂拔衛州。 慶緒走，子儀等追之至鄴，許叔冀、董秦、王思禮及河東兵馬使薛兼訓皆引兵繼至。 慶緒收餘眾拒戰於愁思岡，又敗。 前後斬首三萬級，捕虜千人。 慶緒乃入城固守，子儀等圍之，李光弼引兵繼至。 慶緒窘急，遣薛嵩求救於史思明，且請以位讓之。 思明發范陽兵十三萬欲救鄴，觀望未敢進，先遣李歸仁將步騎一萬軍於滏陽，遙為慶緒聲勢。
Guo Ziyi led his army across the river from Xingyuan and east to Huojia, where he defeated An Taiqing, took four thousand heads, and captured five hundred prisoners. Taiqing fled into Weizhou; Ziyi advanced to besiege it; On bingwu he sent an envoy to report victory. Lu Huang crossed from Yangwu, Ji Guangchen and Cui Guangyuan from Suanzao, and Li Siye's troops all joined Ziyi at Weizhou. Qingxu mustered all seventy thousand men in Ye to relieve Weizhou, dividing them into three armies: Cui Qianyou commanded the upper army, Tian Chengsi the lower, and Qingxu himself the center. Ziyi hid three thousand skilled archers inside the ramparts with orders: "When I fall back, the rebels will pursue—then mount the walls, raise a clamor, and shoot." They then fought Qingxu, feigned a retreat, and the rebels pursued. At the foot of the ramparts the ambush rose and shot; arrows fell like rain. The rebels turned and fled, and Ziyi pursued again. Qingxu was routed. His brother Qinghe was captured and executed. Weizhou was then taken. Qingxu fled; Ziyi and the others pursued to Ye; Xu Shuji, Dong Qin, Wang Sili, and Hedong infantry-cavalry commissioner Xue Jianxun all brought their armies up in turn. Qingxu gathered his remnant force and made a stand at Chousi Ridge, but was defeated again. In all, thirty thousand heads were taken and one thousand prisoners captured. Qingxu then shut himself in the city; Ziyi and the others besieged it, and Li Guangbi brought his army up behind them. Hard pressed, Qingxu sent Xue Song to beg Shi Siming for rescue and offered to yield his throne to him. Siming raised one hundred thirty thousand troops from Fanyang to rescue Ye but held back, daring not advance. He first sent Li Guiren with ten thousand foot and horse to camp at Fuyang, lending distant support to Qingxu's cause.
94
甲寅，上皇幸化清宮； 十一月，丁丑，還京師。
On jiayin, Retired Emperor Xuanzong visited the Huaqing Palace; In the eleventh month, on dingchou, he returned to the capital.
95
崔光遠拔魏州； 丙戌，以前兵部侍郎蕭華為魏州防禦使。 會史思明分軍為三，一出邢、洛，一出冀、貝，一自洹水趣魏州。 郭子儀奏以崔光遠代華，十二月，癸卯，敕以光遠領魏州刺史。
Cui Guangyuan captured Weizhou; On bingxu, former Vice Minister of War Xiao Hua was appointed defense commissioner of Weizhou. When Shi Siming divided his army into three—one column through Xing and Luo, one through Ji and Bei, and one from the Huan River toward Weizhou— Guo Ziyi memorialized to replace Hua with Cui Guangyuan; in the twelfth month, on guimao, an edict appointed Guangyuan prefect of Weizhou as well.
96
甲辰，置浙江西道節度使，領蘇、潤等十州，以升州刺史韋黃裳為之。 庚戌，置浙江東道節度使，領越、睦等八州，以戶部尚書李峘為之，兼淮南節度使。
On jiachen, the Zhejiang West Circuit military commissioner was established over Su, Run, and ten other prefectures; Shengzhou Prefect Wei Huangshang was appointed to the post. On gengxu, the Zhejiang East Circuit military commissioner was established over Yue, Mu, and eight other prefectures; Minister of Revenue Li Xian was appointed, with the Huainan commission added.
97
己未，群臣請上尊號曰乾元大聖光天文武孝感皇帝； 許之。
On jiwei, the officials petitioned that the emperor take the honorific title Emperor of Great Sagely Brilliance, Civil and Martial Filial Piety of the Qianyuan era; He assented.
98
史思明乘崔光遠初至，引兵大下，光遠使將軍李處崟拒之。 賊勢盛，處崟連戰不利，還趣城。 賊追至城下，揚言曰：「處崟召我來，何為不出！」 光遠信之，腰斬處崟。 處崟，驍將，眾所恃也，既死，眾無鬥志，光遠脫身走還汴州。 丁卯，思明陷魏州，所殺三萬人。
Shi Siming, while Guangyuan had only just arrived, launched a major offensive; Guangyuan sent General Li Chuyin to resist. The rebel force was overwhelming; Chuyin fought several engagements without success and fell back toward the city. The rebels pursued to the foot of the walls and shouted, "Chuyin invited us here—why won't you come out!" Guangyuan believed them and had Li Chuyin executed by severing him at the waist. Chuyin had been a dashing commander in whom the troops placed their hope; with his death they lost all will to fight, and Guangyuan escaped and fled back to Bianzhou. On dingmao, Shi Siming captured Weizhou and slaughtered thirty thousand people.
99
平盧節度使王玄志薨，上遣中使往撫慰將士，且就察軍中所欲立者，授以旌節。 高麗人李懷玉為裨將，殺玄志之子，推侯希逸為平盧軍使。 希逸之母，懷玉姑也，故懷玉立之。 朝廷因以希逸為節度副使。 節度使由軍士廢立自此始。
Pinglu military commissioner Wang Xuanzhi died. The emperor sent a palace envoy to comfort the troops and to learn whom the army wished to install, then invest that man with the commissioner's banner and tally. Li Huaiyu, a Koguryo officer serving as deputy general, killed Xuanzhi's son and installed Hou Xiyi as commander of the Pinglu army. Hou Xiyi's mother was Li Huaiyu's aunt, which was why Huaiyu chose him. The court then appointed Hou Xiyi deputy military commissioner. From this point military commissioners began to be deposed and installed by their own troops.
100
臣光曰：夫民生有欲，無主則亂。 是故聖人制禮以治之。 自天子、諸侯至於卿、大夫、士、庶人，尊卑有分，大小有倫，若綱條之相維，臂指之相使，是以民服事其上，而下無覬覦。 其在《周易》，「上天、下澤，履。」 象曰：「君子以辨上下，定民志。」 此之謂也。 凡人君所以能有其臣民者，以八柄存乎己也。 苟或捨之，則彼此之勢均，何以使其下哉！
Sima Guang remarks: Human beings are born with desires; without a ruler, chaos follows. Therefore the sages established ritual to govern them. From the Son of Heaven and feudal lords down through ministers, grandees, officers, and commoners, honor and subordination were fixed in their places, great and small ranked in proper order—like the strands of a net holding one another or arm and fingers working together—so that the people served those above and no one below cast covetous eyes upward. The Book of Changes says: "Heaven above, the Marsh below: Treading (Lü)." The Image says: "The noble man distinguishes above from below and settles the people's will." That is the meaning. A ruler can command ministers and people only because the eight handles of power rest in his own hands. If he relinquishes them, ruler and ruled stand on equal footing—how then can he command those below?
101
肅宗遭唐中衰，幸而復國，是宜正上下之禮以綱紀四方； 而偷取一時之安，不思永久之患。 彼命將帥，統籓維，國之大事也，乃委一介之使，徇行伍之情，無問賢不肖，惟其所欲與者則授之。 自是之後，積習為常，君臣循守，以為得策，謂之姑息。 乃至偏裨士卒，殺逐主帥，亦不治其罪，因以其位任授之。 然則爵祿、廢置、殺生、予奪皆不出於上而出於下，亂之生也，庸有極乎！
Emperor Suzong lived through the Tang dynasty's mid-reign collapse and by fortune restored the realm; he should have restored proper ritual between superior and subordinate to bring discipline to the four quarters; yet he grasped at immediate peace and gave no thought to lasting ruin. Appointing generals and governing the frontier circuits was a matter of supreme state importance, yet he left it to a single palace envoy who indulged the troops' wishes, never asking whether a man was worthy, but investing whoever they wanted. Thereafter the practice hardened into custom; emperors and ministers clung to it as sound policy and called it indulgent appeasement. It went so far that junior officers and common soldiers who killed or drove out their commanders went unpunished and were given the dead man's rank and command. Thus rank and stipend, appointment and dismissal, life and death, reward and punishment—all ceased to issue from the throne and issued instead from the ranks below. Was there any limit to the disorder such a system could breed?
102
且夫有國家者，賞善而誅惡，故為善者勸，為惡者懲。 彼為人下而殺逐其上，惡孰大焉！ 乃使之擁旄秉鉞，師長一方，是賞之也。 賞以勸惡，惡其何所不至乎！ 《書》云：「遠乃猷。」 《詩》云：「猷之未遠，是用大諫。」 孔子曰：「人無遠慮，必有近憂。」 為天下之政，而專事姑息，其憂患可勝校乎！ 由是為下者常眄眄焉伺其上，苟得間則攻而族之； 為上者常惴惴焉畏其下，苟得間則掩而屠之； 爭務先發以逞其志，非有相保養為俱利久存之計也。 如是而求天下之安，其可得乎！ 跡其厲階，肇於此矣。
Every state rewards the good and punishes the wicked, encouraging virtue and chastening crime. For subordinates to kill or drive out their superiors—what crime could be greater? Yet such men were allowed to bear the commissioner's banner and battle-axe and govern whole circuits—as if they were being rewarded. To reward crime is to invite it—what wickedness would not follow? The Book of Documents says: "Keep your plans far-sighted." The Book of Odes says: "Because your counsel is not far-sighted, a stern rebuke is required." Confucius said: "He who lacks foresight will soon face trouble at hand." To govern the empire yet devote oneself entirely to appeasement—is it possible even to count the disasters that will follow? Hence subordinates constantly watch their superiors with sidelong eyes, ready at the first opening to strike and wipe out their entire families; while superiors live in constant dread of those below and, given the chance, strike first to slaughter them; each side rushes to strike first and satisfy its will, with no thought of mutual protection or a shared interest in lasting survival. To seek peace under Heaven in such a world—is it possible? Trace the steps of ruin to their source, and they begin here.
103
蓋古者治軍必本於禮，故晉文公城濮之戰，見其師少長有禮，知其可用。 今唐治軍而不顧禮，使士卒得以陵偏裨，偏裨得以陵將帥，則將帥之陵天子，自然之勢也。
In antiquity, governing an army always rested on ritual. At Duke Wen of Jin's battle of Chengpu, when he saw young and old in the enemy ranks observing proper ceremony, he knew that army could be put to use. Tang now governed its armies without regard to ritual, allowing soldiers to dominate their officers, officers their commanders—and commanders dominating the Son of Heaven was the natural next step.
104
由是禍亂繼起，兵革不息，民墜塗炭，無所控訴，凡二百餘年。 然後宋受命。 太祖始制軍法，使以階級相承，小有違犯，鹹伏斧質。 是以上下有敘，令行禁止，四征不庭，無思不服，宇內乂安，兆民允殖，以迄於今，皆由治軍以禮故也。 豈非詒謀之遠哉！
Disaster followed disaster; war never ceased; the people were ground to ash with nowhere to plead for justice—for more than two hundred years. Only then did the Song receive Heaven's mandate. Taizu first codified military law so that ranks succeeded one another in strict order and even minor violations brought the executioner's block. Hence superior and subordinate were ordered, commands ran and prohibitions held, rebels were punished on every frontier until none dared refuse submission, the realm was pacified, and the people flourished—down to the present day, all because armies were governed through ritual. Was this not foresight of extraordinary reach!
105
是歲，置振武節度使，領鎮北大都護府、麟、勝二州； 又置陝虢華及豫許汝二節度使。 安南經略使為節度使，領交、陸等十一州。
That year the court established the Zhenwu military commission, governing the Great Protectorate-General of the Pacified North and the prefectures of Lin and Sheng; and also created the Shan-Guo-Hua and Yu-Xu-Ru military commissions. The Annan pacification commissioner was elevated to military commissioner, governing Jiao, Lu, and eleven other prefectures.
106
吐蕃陷河源軍。
The Tibetans captured Heyuan Army.