1
資治通鑑第227卷
Volume 227 of the Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance
2
【唐紀四十三】起重光作噩六月，盡玄黓閹茂，凡一年有奇。
[Tang Records, 43] Covering from the sixth month of Chongguang-Zuoe through Xuanque-Yanmao—a little more than one year in all.
3
德宗神武聖文皇帝二建中二年（ 辛酉，公元七八一年）
In the second year of Jianzhong under Emperor Dezong, the Sagacious Martial and Literarily Accomplished Emperor ( the xinyou year, equivalent to 781 CE)
4
六月，庚寅，以浙江東、西觀察使、蘇州刺史韓滉為潤州刺史、浙江東、西節度使，名其軍曰鎮海。
In the sixth month, on the gengyin day, Han Huang—observer of eastern and western Zhejiang and prefect of Suzhou—was made prefect of Runzhou and military commissioner for both Zhejiang circuits, and his command was titled the Zhenhai Army.
5
張著至襄陽，梁崇義益懼，陳兵而見之。 藺杲得詔不敢發，馳見崇義，請命。 崇義對著號泣，竟不受詔。 著覆命。 癸巳，進李希烈爵南平郡王，加漢南、漢北兵馬招討使，督諸道兵討之。 楊炎諫曰：「希烈為董秦養子，親任無比，卒逐秦而奪其位。 為人狼戾無親，無功猶屈強不法，使平崇義，何以制之！」 上不聽。 炎固爭之，上益不平。 荊南牙門將吳少誠以取梁崇義之策干李希烈，希烈以少誠為前鋒。 少誠，幽州潞人也。
When Zhang Zhu reached Xiangyang, Liang Chongyi became still more afraid; he drew up his troops and went out to meet him. Lin Gao had received the edict but did not dare issue it; he rode in haste to Chongyi to seek instructions. Chongyi wept before Zhu and ultimately refused to accept the edict. Zhu returned to make his report. On the guisi day, Li Xilie was promoted to Prince of Nanping and appointed pacification commissioner for Han South and Han North, with authority to direct the forces of every circuit against Liang Chongyi. Yang Yan urged against it, saying, "Li Xilie was Dong Qin's adopted son and enjoyed unparalleled favor; in the end he expelled Qin and usurped his post. He is by nature brutal and without loyalty; though he has won no merit he already bullies others and flouts the law—if we set him to crush Chongyi, how will we restrain him afterward!" The emperor would not heed him. Yan argued all the more insistently, and the emperor's resentment deepened. Wu Shaocheng, a staff officer of Jingnan, offered Li Xilie a plan to capture Liang Chongyi, and Xilie appointed him vanguard commander. Shaocheng was a man of Lu in Youzhou.
6
時內自關中，西暨蜀、漢，南盡江、淮、閩、越，北至太原，所在出兵，而李正己遣兵扼徐州甬橋、渦口，梁崇義阻兵襄陽，運路皆絕，人心震恐。 江、淮進奉船千餘艘，泊渦口不敢進。 上以和州刺史張萬福為濠州刺史。 萬福馳至渦口，立馬岸上，發進奉船，淄青將士停岸睥睨不敢動。 辛丑，汾陽忠武王郭子儀薨。 子儀為上將，擁強兵，程元振、魚朝恩讒謗百端； 詔書一紙徵之，無不即日就道，由是讒謗不行。 嘗遣使至田承嗣所，承嗣西望拜之曰：「此膝不屈於人若干年矣！」 李靈曜據汴州作亂，公私物過汴者皆留之，惟子儀物不敢近，遣兵衛送出境。 校中書令考凡二十四，月入俸錢二萬緡，私產不在焉； 府庫珍貨山積。 家人三千人，八子、七婿皆為朝廷顯官； 諸孫數十人，每問安，不能盡辯，頷之而已。 僕固懷恩、李懷光、渾瑊輩皆出麾下，雖貴為王公，常頤指役使，趨走於前，家人亦以僕隸視之。 天下以其身為安危者殆三十年，功蓋天下而主不疑，位極人臣而眾不疾，窮奢極欲而人不非之，年八十五而終。 其將佐至大官、為名臣者甚眾。
Throughout the empire—from Guanzhong westward through Shu and Han, south to the Yangtze, Huai, Min, and Yue regions, and north to Taiyuan—armies were mobilized on every side; yet Li Zhengji held Yongqiao near Xuzhou and Wokou with his troops, and Liang Chongyi blocked the routes at Xiangyang, severing all transport lines and spreading panic among the people. Over a thousand tribute vessels from the Jiang and Huai circuits lay moored at Wokou, afraid to proceed. The emperor appointed Zhang Wanfu, prefect of Hezhou, to be prefect of Haozhou. Wanfu rode at full speed to Wokou, reined up on the bank, and sent the tribute fleet on its way; the Ziqing troops on shore glared but did not dare stir. On the xinchou day, Guo Ziyi, the Loyal and Martial Prince of Fenyang, passed away. As the empire's preeminent commander with a formidable army at his back, Guo Ziyi was slandered from every quarter by Cheng Yuanzhen and Yu Chao'en; yet whenever a single edict summoned him, he would set out that very day—so the calumny never took hold. He once sent an envoy to Tian Chengsi, who bowed toward the west and said, "These knees have not bowed to any man for many years!" When Li Lingyao held Bianzhou in revolt, every public and private shipment passing through was seized—only Guo Ziyi's property no one dared approach; soldiers were dispatched to guard it safely out of the region. He had been rated as Grand Counselor on twenty-four occasions; his monthly stipend was twenty thousand strings of cash, apart from his private holdings; and his storehouses overflowed with treasure. His household numbered three thousand souls; his eight sons and seven sons-in-law all held high office at court; he had dozens of grandsons; when they came to greet him he could not tell them apart and would merely nod in reply. Pugu Huai'en, Li Huaiguang, Hun Jian, and others had all served under him; though raised to princely rank, he would snap his chin to command them and they would run to obey—his own family regarded them as household servants. For nearly thirty years the empire's fate seemed bound to his person; his achievements overshadowed the realm yet the throne never mistrusted him, he stood at the pinnacle of subjecthood yet aroused no envy, he lived in the utmost extravagance yet drew no blame—and he died at eighty-five. Many of his lieutenants rose to high rank and became celebrated statesmen.
7
壬子，以懷、鄭、河陽節度副使李艽為河陽、懷州節度使，割東畿五縣隸焉。
On the renzi day, Li Wan, deputy commissioner of the Huai, Zheng, and Heyang circuits, was appointed military commissioner of Heyang and Huaizhou, with five eastern capital counties assigned to his command.
8
北庭、安西自吐蕃陷河、隴，隔絕不通，伊西、北庭節度使李元忠、四鎮留後郭昕帥將士閉境拒守，數遣使奉表，皆不達，聲問絕者十餘年。 至是，遣使間道歷諸胡自回紇中來，上嘉之。 秋，七月，戊午朔，加元忠北庭大都護，賜爵寧塞郡王； 以昕為安西大都護、四鎮節度使，賜爵武威郡王； 將士皆遷七資。 元忠姓名，朝廷所賜也，本姓曹，名令忠； 昕，子儀弟之子也。
Since the Tibetans had overrun He and Long, Beiting and Anxi had been severed from the empire; Li Yuanzhong, commissioner of Yixi and Beiting, and Guo Xin, acting commissioner of the Four Garrisons, held their frontiers shut and defended them, sending memorial after memorial that never reached the court—for more than ten years no news came through. At last they dispatched envoys by hidden paths through the frontier peoples, emerging from Uyghur territory; the emperor commended them. In autumn, on the first day of the seventh month (wuwu), Yuanzhong was promoted to Grand Protector of Beiting and created Prince of Ningsai; Xin was appointed Grand Protector of Anxi and military commissioner of the Four Garrisons, and created Prince of Wuwei; and all officers and soldiers were promoted seven steps in rank. The name Yuanzhong had been granted by the court; his original surname was Cao and his given name Lingzhong; Xin was a son of Guo Ziyi's younger brother.
9
李希烈以久雨未進軍，上怪之，盧杞密言於上曰：「希烈遷延，以楊炎故也。 陛下何愛炎一日之名而墮大功？ 不若暫免炎相以悅之。 事平復用，無傷也。」 上以為然。 庚申，以炎為左僕射，罷政事。 以前永平節度使張鎰為中書侍郎、同平章事。 鎰，齊丘之子也。 以朔方節度使崔寧為右僕射。
Li Xilie had not marched because of unending rain, and the emperor was puzzled. Lu Qi said privately to him, "Xilie is stalling on account of Yang Yan. Why cling to Yan's title for one day and sacrifice a great victory? Better to remove Yan from the chancellorship for the moment and placate him. When the campaign is over, restore him—no harm done." The emperor agreed. On the gengshen day, Yan was appointed Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and dismissed from the chancellery. Zhang Yi, former military commissioner of Yongping, was appointed Vice Director of the Secretariat and Associate Chief Councilor. Yi was a son of Qiqiu. Cui Ning, military commissioner of Shuofang, was appointed Right Vice Director.
10
丙子，贈故伊州刺史袁光庭工部尚書。 光庭天寶末為伊州刺史，吐蕃陷河、隴，光庭堅守累年，吐蕃百方誘之，不下。 糧竭兵盡，城且陷，光庭先殺妻子，然後自焚。 郭昕使至，朝廷始知之，故贈官。
On the bingzi day, Yuan Guangting, former prefect of Yizhou, was posthumously honored as Minister of Works. In the late Tianbao period Guangting served as prefect of Yizhou; when the Tibetans overran He and Long, he held the city for years while they tried every inducement to win him over—he would not surrender. When supplies ran out and his men were spent, with the city on the verge of capture, Guangting killed his wife and children and then burned himself alive. Only when Guo Xin's envoy reached the capital did the court learn of his fate, and the posthumous honor was granted.
11
辛巳，以邠寧節度使李懷光兼朔方節度使。
On the xinsi day, Li Huaiguang, commissioner of Binning, was also given command of Shuofang.
12
癸未，河東節度使馬燧，昭義節度使李抱真，神策先鋒都知兵馬使李晟，大破田悅於臨洺。 時悅攻臨洺，累月不拔，城中食且盡，府庫竭，士卒多死傷。 張伾飾其愛女，使出拜將士曰：「諸群守戰甚苦，伾家無它物，請鬻此女為將士一日之費。」 眾皆哭，曰：「願盡死力，不敢言賞！」 李抱真告急於朝，詔馬燧將步騎二萬與抱真討悅，又遣李晟將神策兵與之俱； 又詔幽州留後朱滔討惟岳。 燧等軍未出險，先遣使持書諭悅，為好語。 悅謂燧畏之，不設備，又與抱真合兵八萬，東下壺關，軍於邯鄲，擊悅支軍，破之。 悅方急攻臨洺，分李惟岳兵五千助楊朝光。 明日，燧等進攻朝光柵，悅將萬餘人救之，燧命大將李自良等御之於雙岡，令之曰：「悅得過，必斬爾！」 自良等力戰，悅軍卻。 燧推火車焚朝光柵，斬朝光，獲首虜五千餘級。 居五日，燧等進軍至臨洺，悅悉眾力戰，凡百餘合，悅兵大敗，斬首萬餘級。 悅引兵夜遁，邢州圍亦解。
On the guiwei day, Ma Sui of Hedong, Li Baozhen of Zhaoyi, and Li Sheng, forward commander of the Shence forces, won a crushing victory over Tian Yue at Linzhou. Yue had besieged Linzhou for months without success; provisions were running out, the treasury was bare, and casualties mounted among the defenders. Zhang Pi dressed his beloved daughter and brought her before the troops, saying, "You have borne great hardship in this defense; my household has nothing else—I beg you to sell my daughter to pay one day's rations for the garrison." All wept and cried, "We will fight to the death—we want no reward!" Li Baozhen sent urgent word to the capital; the emperor ordered Ma Sui to march twenty thousand foot and horse to join Baozhen against Yue, and dispatched Li Sheng with the Shence army as well; and ordered Zhu Tao, acting commissioner of Youzhou, to move against Li Weiyue. Before Ma Sui's army had even left the mountain passes, he sent envoys bearing conciliatory messages to Tian Yue. Yue concluded that Ma Sui was afraid of him and took no precautions; Ma Sui then united with Baozhen for eighty thousand men, descended east through Huguan, encamped at Handan, and routed Yue's detached column. While Yue was pressing the siege of Linzhou, he detached five thousand of Li Weiyue's troops to reinforce Yang Chaoguang. The next day Ma Sui attacked Chaoguang's camp; Yue brought more than ten thousand men to relieve it, and Ma Sui ordered Li Ziliang and other senior commanders to hold Shuanggang, saying, "If Yue breaks through, I will behead you all!" Ziliang and his men fought hard and drove Yue's forces back. Ma Sui rolled up fire wagons to burn the camp, killed Chaoguang, and took more than five thousand heads and prisoners. Five days later Ma Sui marched on Linzhou; Yue threw in his entire army and fought through more than a hundred clashes—his force was shattered and over ten thousand heads were taken. Yue fled by night with his army, and the siege of Xingzhou was raised.
13
時平盧節度使李正己已薨，子納秘之，擅領軍務。 悅求救於納及李惟岳，納遣大將衛俊將兵萬人，惟岳遣兵三千人救之。 悅收合散卒，得二萬餘人，軍於洹水； 淄青軍其東，成德軍其西，首尾相應。 馬燧帥諸軍進屯鄴，奏求河陽兵自助； 詔河陽節度使李艽將兵會之。
Li Zhengji, military commissioner of Pinglu, had already died; his son Li Na concealed the death and took command on his own authority. Yue appealed to Li Na and Li Weiyue for help; Na dispatched Wei Jun with ten thousand men, and Weiyue sent three thousand. Yue rallied his broken forces to more than twenty thousand and encamped on the Huan River; with the Ziqing army to his east and the Chengde army to his west, the two wings supporting each other. Ma Sui advanced and encamped at Ye, requesting Heyang reinforcements in a memorial; the emperor ordered Li Wan, commissioner of Heyang, to march and join him.
14
八月，李納始發喪，奏請襲父位，上不許。
In the eighth month Li Na finally announced his father's death and petitioned to succeed him; the emperor refused.
15
梁崇義發兵至江陵，至四望，大敗而歸，乃收兵襄、鄧。 李希烈引軍循漢而上，與諸道兵會； 崇義遣其將翟暉、杜少誠逆戰於蠻水，希烈大破之； 追至疏口，又破之。 二將請降，希烈使將其眾先入襄陽慰諭軍民。 崇義閉城拒守，守者開門爭出，不可禁。 崇義與妻赴井死，傳首京師。
Liang Chongyi marched toward Jiangling but was routed at Siwang and withdrew, concentrating his forces at Xiangyang and Dengzhou. Li Xilie marched up the Han and united with the armies of the other circuits; Chongyi sent Zhai Hui and Du Shaoqian to meet them at Manshui; Xilie crushed them; pursued them to Shukou and defeated them again. Both generals offered to surrender; Xilie sent them ahead with their men into Xiangyang to reassure the garrison and populace. Chongyi barred the gates to resist, but the defenders threw them open and rushed out in a panic that no one could halt. Chongyi and his wife drowned themselves in a well; his head was sent to the capital.
16
范陽節度使朱滔將討李惟岳，軍於莫州。 張孝忠將精兵八千守易州，滔遣判官蔡雄說孝忠曰：「惟岳乳臭兒，敢拒朝命； 今昭義、河東軍已破田悅，淮寧李僕射克襄陽，計河南諸軍，朝夕北向，恆、魏之亡，可佇立而須也。 使君誠能首舉易州以歸朝廷，則破惟岳之功自使君始，此轉禍為福之策也。」 孝忠然之，遣牙官程華詣滔，遣錄事參軍董稹奉表詣闕，滔又上表薦之。 上悅。 九月，辛酉，以孝忠為成德節度使。 命惟岳護喪歸朝，惟岳不從。 孝忠德滔，為子茂和娶滔女，深相結。
Zhu Tao, military commissioner of Fanyang, prepared to attack Li Weiyue and encamped at Mozhou. Zhang Xiaozhong garrisoned Yizhou with eight thousand picked troops; Zhu Tao sent his aide Cai Xiong to win him over, saying, "Weiyue is a callow boy who dares defy the throne; the Zhaoyi and Hedong armies have already broken Tian Yue, and Vice Minister Li of Huaining has taken Xiangyang; the Henan forces will march north any day now—the fall of Heng and Wei is only a matter of time. If you would be first to surrender Yizhou to the court, the credit for destroying Weiyue will be yours—this is how you turn disaster into advantage." Xiaozhong agreed; he sent Cheng Hua to Zhu Tao and Dong Zhi to the capital with a submission of allegiance; Zhu Tao also memorialized in his favor. The emperor was pleased. In the ninth month, on the xinyou day, Zhang Xiaozhong was appointed military commissioner of Chengde. Li Weiyue was ordered to bring his father's coffin to court; he refused. Grateful to Zhu Tao, Xiaozhong had his son Maohe marry Tao's daughter, and the two men became close allies.
17
壬戌，加李希烈同平章事。
On the renxu day, Li Xilie was made Associate Chief Councilor.
18
初，李希烈請討梁崇義，上對朝士亟稱其忠。 黜陟使李承自淮西還，言於上曰：「希烈必立微功； 但恐有功之後，偃蹇不臣，更煩朝廷用兵耳。」 上不以為然。 希烈既得襄陽，遂據之為己有，上乃思承言。 時承為河中尹，甲子，以承為山南東道節度使。 上欲以禁兵送上，承請單騎赴鎮。 至襄陽，希烈置之外館，迫脅萬方，承誓死不屈，希烈乃大掠闔境所有而去。 承治之期年，軍府稍完。 希烈留牙將於襄州，守其所掠財，由是數有使者往來。 承亦遣其腹心臧叔雅往來許、蔡，厚結希烈腹心周曾等，與之陰圖希烈。
When Li Xilie had first volunteered to attack Liang Chongyi, the emperor had repeatedly praised his loyalty before the court. Li Cheng, the inspection commissioner, returning from Huaixi, told the emperor, "Xilie will no doubt win some modest success; but I fear that once he has a victory he will grow insolent and defiant, and the court will have to fight him all over again." The emperor dismissed the warning. When Xilie took Xiangyang he kept it for himself, and the emperor remembered what Li Cheng had said. Cheng was then prefect of Hezhong; on the jiazi day he was appointed military commissioner of Shannan East Circuit. The emperor offered him an imperial guard escort, but Cheng asked to ride to his post alone. At Xiangyang, Xilie quartered him in an outer lodge and tried every form of coercion; Cheng vowed to die rather than submit, whereupon Xilie looted the entire circuit and marched away. Within a year of Li Cheng's rule, the military administration was largely restored. Xilie left a deputy at Xiangzhou to guard his plunder, and envoys shuttled between them with increasing frequency. Cheng sent his trusted agent Zang Shuya to travel between Xu and Cai, winning over Xilie's confidants such as Zhou Zeng and plotting with them to bring Xilie down.
19
初，蕭嵩家廟臨曲江，玄宗以娛游之地，非神靈所宅，命徙之。 楊炎為相，惡京兆尹嚴郢，左遷大理卿。 盧杞欲陷炎，引郢為御史大夫。 先是，炎將營家廟，有宅在東都，憑河南尹趙惠伯賣之，惠伯買以為官廨，郢按之，以為有羨利。 杞召大理正田晉議法，晉以為：「律，監臨官市買有羨利，以乞取論，當奪官。」 杞怒，貶晉衡州司馬。 更召它吏議法，以為：「監主自盜，罪當絞。」 炎廟正直蕭嵩廟地，杞因譖炎，云「茲地有王氣，故玄宗令嵩徙之。 炎有異志，故於其地建廟。」 冬，十月，乙未，炎自左僕射貶崖州司馬。 遣中使護送，未至崖州百里，縊殺之。 惠伯自河中尹貶費州多田尉。 尋亦殺之。
Long before, Xiao Song's ancestral temple had stood above Qujiang; Emperor Xuanzong, deeming a pleasure ground unfit for the spirits, ordered it relocated. While Yang Yan was chancellor he took against Yan Ying, the metropolitan prefect, and transferred him to chief judge of the Grand Court. Lu Qi, seeking to ruin Yang Yan, recalled Yan Ying as Censor-in-Chief. Yan had been preparing to build a family temple and had a house in the eastern capital that he asked Henan Prefect Zhao Huibo to sell; Huibo bought it for official use, and Yan Ying's investigation found illicit profit. Qi called in Grand Court reviewer Tian Jin to interpret the law; Jin argued that when a supervisory official profited on a purchase, the statute treated it as extortion and required removal from office." Qi was furious and demoted Jin to adjutant of Hengzhou. He called in other officials, who ruled that a supervising official who stole on his own authority should be strangled." Yan's temple stood on the former site of Xiao Song's shrine; Qi denounced him, saying, "This ground bears royal qi—that is why Xuanzong made Song move away. Yan harbors treasonous designs and built his temple there on purpose." In winter, the tenth month, on the yimao day, Yan was demoted from Left Vice Director to adjutant of Yazhou. A palace envoy escorted him; a hundred li short of Yazhou he was strangled. Huibo was demoted from prefect of Hezhong to captain of Duotian in Feizhou. He too was killed shortly afterward.
20
辛丑，冊太子妃蕭氏。
On the xinchou day, Lady Xiao was formally installed as crown princess.
21
癸卯，祫太廟。 先是，太祖既正東向之位，獻、懿二祖皆藏西夾室，不饗。 至是，復奉獻祖東向而饗之。
On the guimao day, the subsumption rite was held at the Grand Temple. Previously, after Taizu was given the east-facing seat, the Xian and Yi ancestors had been placed in the western side chambers and went without offerings. Now the Xian ancestor was restored to the east-facing place and honored once more.
22
徐州刺史李洧，正己之從父兄也。 李納寇宋州，彭城令太原白季庚說洧舉州歸國。 洧從之，遣攝巡官崔程奉表詣闕，且使口奏，並白宰相，以「徐州不能獨抗納，乞領徐、海、沂三州觀察使，況海、沂二州，今皆為納有。 洧與刺史王涉、馬萬通素有約，苟得朝廷詔書，必能成功。」 程自外來，以為宰相一也，先白張鎰，鎰以告盧杞。 杞怒其不先白己，不從其請。 戊申，加洧御史大夫，充招諭使。
Li Wei, prefect of Xuzhou, was a paternal cousin of Li Zhengji. When Li Na attacked Songzhou, Pengcheng magistrate Bai Jigeng urged Li Wei to bring the entire prefecture back to imperial allegiance. Wei agreed and sent Cui Cheng with a memorial to the capital and an oral message to the chancellors: "Xuzhou cannot stand alone against Li Na; I ask to be made observer of Xu, Hai, and Yi—Hai and Yi are already in Na's hands. Wei had long been in league with the prefects Wang She and Ma Wantong; with an imperial edict in hand, he was confident of success." Cheng, arriving from the provinces, assumed all chancellors were alike and reported first to Zhang Yi, who passed the word to Lu Qi. Qi was furious that Cheng had not come to him first and rejected the petition. On the wushen day, Li Wei was made Censor-in-Chief and imperial pacification commissioner.
23
十一月，戊午，以永樂公主適檢校比部郎中田華，上不欲違先志故也。
In the eleventh month, on the wuwu day, Princess Yongle was married to Tian Hua of the Bureau of Review—the emperor would not go against his father's wish.
24
蜀王傀，更名遂。
The Prince of Shu, Kui, took the new name Sui.
25
辛酉，宣武節度使劉洽，神策都知兵馬使曲環，滑州刺史襄平李澄，朔方大將唐朝臣，大破淄青、魏博之兵於徐州。
On the xinyou day, Liu He of Xuanwu, Qu Huan of the Shence Army, Li Cheng of Huazhou, and Tang Chaochen of Shuofang won a crushing victory over the Ziqing and Weibo forces at Xuzhou.
26
先是，李納遣其將王溫會魏博將信都崇慶共攻徐州，李洧遣牙官溫人王智興詣闕告急。 智興善走，不五日而至。 上為之發朔方兵五千人，以朝臣將之，與洽、環、澄共救之。 時朔方軍資裝不至，旗服弊惡。 宣武人嗤之曰：「乞子能破賊乎！」 朝臣以其言激怒士卒，且曰：「都統有令，先破賊營者，營中物悉與之。」 士皆憤怒爭奮。
Li Na had sent Wang Wen and the Weibo commander Xindu Chongqing to besiege Xuzhou; Li Wei dispatched Wang Zhixing of Wen to the capital for help. Zhixing was famed for his speed and reached the capital in under five days. The emperor sent five thousand Shuofang troops under Tang Chaochen to join Liu He, Qu Huan, and Li Cheng in the relief. The Shuofang column had not yet received its supplies; their banners and uniforms were ragged. The Xuanwu troops mocked them: "Can beggars beat an army?" Chaochen, stung by the taunt on behalf of his men, added, "The commander has promised: whoever breaks the enemy camp first keeps everything in it." The Shuofang soldiers burned with anger and fought all the harder.
27
崇慶、溫攻彭城，二旬不能下，請益兵於納。 納遣其將石隱金將萬人助之，與劉洽等相拒於七里溝。 日向暮，洽引軍稍卻。 朔方馬軍使楊朝晟言於唐朝臣曰：「公以步兵負山而陳，以待兩軍。 我以騎兵伏於山曲，賊見懸軍勢孤，必搏之。 我以伏兵絕其腰，必敗之。」 朝臣從之。 崇慶等果將騎二千逾橋而西，追擊官軍，伏兵發，橫擊之。 崇慶等兵中斷，狼狽而返，阻橋以拒官軍。 其兵有爭橋不得，涉水而度者。 朝晟指之曰：「彼可涉，吾何為不涉！」 遂涉水擊，據橋者皆走，崇慶等兵大潰。 洽等乘之，斬首八千級，溺死過半。 朔方軍士盡得其輜重，旗服鮮華，乃謂宣武人曰：「乞子之功，孰與宋多？」 宣武人皆慚。 官軍乘勝逐北，至徐州城下，魏博、淄青軍解圍走，江、淮漕運始通。
Chongqing and Wen besieged Pengcheng for twenty days without success and asked Li Na for reinforcements. Li Na sent Shi Yinjian with ten thousand men; the two sides faced off at Qiligou against Liu He and his allies. Near dusk, Liu He pulled his line back a little. Yang Chaosheng, the Shuofang cavalry commander, told Tang Chaochen, "Post your infantry with the mountain behind them and hold both wings. I will hide the cavalry in the bend of the hills; when they see a lone force they will charge. My ambush will cut them in half—we are sure to win." Chaochen agreed. Chongqing duly led two thousand horsemen west over the bridge in pursuit; the ambush rose and struck them from the side. Their column was cut in two and fled in disorder, holding the bridge against the imperial troops. Some who could not reach the bridge waded the stream instead. Chaosheng pointed and cried, "If they can cross, why can't we!" He waded across and charged; the men on the bridge scattered, and Chongqing's army collapsed. Liu He pressed the pursuit, taking eight thousand heads; more than half drowned in the stream. The Shuofang troops took all the enemy baggage and now rode under bright banners; they asked the Xuanwu men, "Whose victory was greater—beggars or Song men?" The Xuanwu troops were shamed into silence. The imperial army pursued to the walls of Xuzhou; the Weibo and Ziqing forces broke off the siege and fled, and the Jiang-Huai grain route was open again.
28
己巳，詔削李惟岳官爵； 募所部降者，赦而賞之。
On the jisi day, an edict stripped Li Weiyue of his titles and offices; and promised pardon and reward to any of his followers who surrendered.
29
甲申，淮南節度使陳少游遣兵擊海州，其刺史王涉以州降。 十二月，李納密州刺史馬萬通乞降； 丁酉，以為密州刺史。
On the jiashen day, Chen Shaoyou of Huainan attacked Haizhou, and prefect Wang She surrendered the city. In the twelfth month, Ma Wantong, Li Na's prefect of Mizhou, offered to surrender; and on the dingyou day was confirmed as prefect of Mizhou.
30
崔漢衡至吐蕃，贊普以敕書稱貢獻及賜，全以臣禮見處。 又，雲州之西，當以賀蘭山為境，邀漢衡更請之。 丁未，漢衡遣判官與吐蕃使者入奏。 上為之改敕書、境土，皆如其請。
When Cui Hanheng reached Tibet, the khan treated the imperial edicts—which spoke of tribute and gifts—as if he were receiving a subject, using the full ritual of lord and vassal. He also insisted that the border west of Yunzhou should follow the Helan Mountains and pressed Hanheng to petition the court again. On the dingwei day, Hanheng sent his aide with Tibetan envoys to the capital. The emperor revised the edicts and the frontier boundaries to match every demand.
31
加馬燧魏博招討使。
Ma Sui was also appointed pacification commissioner for Weibo.
32
德宗神武聖文皇帝二建中三年（ 壬戌，公元七八二年）
In the third year of Jianzhong under Emperor Dezong, the Sagacious Martial and Literarily Accomplished Emperor ( the renxu year, equivalent to 782 CE)
33
春，正月，河陽節度使李艽引兵逼衛州，田悅守將任履虛詐降，既而復叛。
In spring, the first month, Li Wan of Heyang advanced on Weizhou; Tian Yue's garrison commander Ren Lüxu pretended to surrender and then rebelled again.
34
馬燧等諸軍屯於漳濱。 田悅遣其將王光進築月城以守長橋，諸軍不得渡。 燧以鐵鎖連車數百乘，實以土囊，塞其下流，水淺，諸軍涉渡。 時軍中乏糧，悅等深壁不戰。 燧命諸軍持十日糧，進屯倉口，與悅夾洹水而軍。 李抱真、李艽問曰：「糧少而深入，何也？」 燧曰：「糧少則利速戰，今三鎮連兵不戰，欲以老我師。 我若分軍擊其左右，悅必救之，則我腹背受敵，戰必不利。 故進軍逼悅，所謂攻其所必救也。 彼苟出戰，必為諸君破之。」 乃為三橋逾洹水，日往挑戰，悅不出。 燧令諸軍夜半起食，潛師循洹水直趨魏州，令曰：「賊至，則止為陳。」 留百騎擊鼓鳴角於營中，仍抱薪持火，俟諸軍畢，則止鼓角匿其旁。 伺悅軍畢渡，焚其橋。 軍行十里所，悅聞之，帥淄青、成德步騎四萬逾橋掩其後，乘風縱火，鼓噪而進。 燧按兵不動，先除其前草莽百步為戰場，結陳以待之，募勇士五千餘人為前列。 悅軍至，火止，氣衰，燧縱岳擊之，悅軍大敗。 神策、昭義、河陽軍小卻，見河東軍捷，還鬥，又破之。 追奔至，三橋已焚，悅軍亂，赴水溺死不可勝紀，斬首二萬餘級，捕虜三千餘人，屍相枕藉三十餘里。
Ma Sui and the allied armies encamped along the Zhang River. Tian Yue sent Wang Guangjin to build crescent ramparts defending the long bridge, blocking the imperial crossing. Ma Sui chained hundreds of carts with iron cables, filled them with earth bags, and dammed the lower stream until the water fell low enough for the armies to ford. Supplies were short in the imperial camp; Yue and his allies stayed behind their walls and refused battle. Ma Sui ordered each army to carry ten days' grain, advanced to Cangkou, and encamped facing Yue across the Huan River. Li Baozhen and Li Wan asked, "Why advance so deep with so little grain?" Ma Sui replied, "Scant grain forces a quick fight. The three rebel circuits are united and refuse battle—they mean to wear us down. If we split to strike their flanks, Yue will relieve them and catch us between two fires—that is how we lose. So I march straight at Yue—attack what they must defend. If they come out, you will break them for me." He built three bridges over the Huan and challenged Yue every day; Yue would not emerge. “Ma Sui had the armies eat at midnight and march secretly along the Huan toward Weizhou, with orders to halt and form line if the enemy appeared.” He left a hundred horsemen to drum and blow horns in the camp, with firewood and torches; when the main body had gone, they fell silent and hid nearby. When Yue's army had finished crossing, they burned the bridges. Ten li into the march Yue learned of it and led forty thousand Ziqing and Chengde foot and horse over the bridges to strike the rear, fanning the wind to spread fire and charging with drums and shouts. Ma Sui held his line steady, cleared a hundred paces of brush for a battlefield, formed up to receive them, and picked five thousand stalwarts for the front rank. When Yue's men arrived the flames died and their momentum faded; Ma Sui unleashed his attack and shattered them. The Shence, Zhaoyi, and Heyang columns wavered; seeing the Hedong wing win, they rallied and broke the enemy again. The pursuit reached the burned bridges; Yue's army broke in panic and countless men drowned; over twenty thousand heads were taken and three thousand prisoners; corpses lay heaped for thirty li.
35
悅收餘兵千餘人走魏州。 馬燧與李抱真不協，頓兵平邑浮圖，遷延不進。 悅夜至南郭，大將李長春閉關不內，以俟官軍，久之，天且明，長春乃開門納之。 悅殺長春，嬰城拒守。 城中士卒不滿數千，死者親戚，號哭滿街。 悅憂懼，乃持佩刀，乘馬立府門外，悉集軍民，流涕言曰：「悅不肖，蒙淄青、成德二丈人大恩，不量其力，輒拒朝命，喪敗至此，使士大夫肝腦塗地，皆悅之罪也。 悅有老母，不能自殺，願諸公以此刀斷悅首，提出城降馬僕射，自取富貴，無為與悅俱死也！」 因從馬上自投地。 將士爭前抱持悅曰：「尚書舉兵徇義，非私己也。 一勝一負，兵家之常。 某輩累世受恩，何忍聞此！ 願奉尚書一戰，不勝則以死繼之。」 悅曰：「諸公不以悅喪敗而棄之，悅雖死，敢忘厚意於地下！」 乃與諸將各斷髮，約為兄弟，誓同生死。 悉出府庫所有及斂富民之財，得百餘萬，以賞士卒，眾心始定。 復召貝州刺史刑曹俊，使之整部伍，繕守備，軍勢復振。 李納軍於濮陽，為河南軍所逼，奔還濮州，征援兵於魏州。 田悅遣軍使符璘將三百騎送之，璘父令奇謂璘曰：「吾老矣，歷觀安、史輩叛亂者，今皆安在！ 田氏能久乎！ 汝因此棄逆從順，是汝揚父名於後世也。」 嚙臂而別。 璘遂與其副李瑤帥眾降於馬燧。 悅收族其家，令奇慢罵而死。 瑤父再春以博州降，悅從兄昂以洺州降，王光進以長橋降。 悅入城旬餘日，馬燧等諸軍始至城下，攻之，不克。
Yue rallied barely a thousand survivors and fled to Weizhou. Ma Sui and Li Baozhen were at odds; Ma Sui halted at the Pingyi pagoda and lingered without advancing. Yue reached the south gate by night; Li Changchun barred the gate, hoping the imperial army would arrive first; only as dawn neared did he let Yue in. Yue killed Changchun and shut himself in the city for a last stand. The garrison numbered fewer than a few thousand; kin of the dead filled the streets with wailing. Desperate, Yue took his sword, mounted, and stood before the government gate; he gathered soldiers and civilians alike and wept aloud: "I have been unworthy. The lords of Ziqing and Chengde favored me; I overestimated my strength and defied the throne, and now defeat has left our best men dead in the streets—all my fault. I have an aged mother and cannot kill myself—take this sword, cut off my head, carry it out, and surrender to Vice Minister Ma. Win your own fortune; do not die with me!" He flung himself from the saddle to the ground. Officers and men rushed to hold him up, crying, "Minister, you took up arms for a just cause, not for yourself. Victory and defeat are the way of war. Our families have owed you favor for generations—we cannot bear to hear this! Give us one more battle under your command; if we fail, we die with you." Yue said, "You do not abandon me in defeat; though I die, I shall not forget your loyalty below ground!" He and his generals each cut a lock of hair, swore brotherhood, and pledged to live or die together. He emptied the treasury and levied the rich for more than a million in cash, paid it out to the troops, and at last the garrison steadied. Tian Yue recalled Xing Caojun, prefect of Beizhou, to reorganize the ranks and shore up the defenses, and the army's fighting spirit returned. Li Na had been camped at Puyang; driven back by the Henan forces, he withdrew to Puzhou and appealed to Weizhou for reinforcements. Tian Yue sent Fu Lin, an army commissioner, with three hundred cavalry to escort the column; Lin's father Lingqi told him, "I am old enough to have watched every rebel of the An Lushan and Shi Siming generation—where are they now? Can the House of Tian endure? Use this moment to turn from rebellion to obedience, and you will bring your father's name honor in generations to come." They bit their arms in farewell and parted. Fu Lin and his second Li Yao brought their men over to Ma Sui. Yue wiped out the entire family and had Lingqi abused and reviled until he died. Li Yao's father Zaichun yielded Bozhou; Yue's kinsman Ang gave up Mingzhou; and Wang Guangjin handed over the Changqiao bridgehead. After Yue had been inside the city for a fortnight, Ma Sui and the allied armies at last arrived and assaulted the walls without success.
36
丙寅，李惟岳遣兵與孟祐守束鹿，朱滔、張孝忠攻拔之，進圍深州。 惟岳憂懼，掌書記邵真復說惟岳，密為表，先遣弟惟簡入朝； 然後誅諸將之不從命者，身自入朝，使妻父冀州刺史鄭詵權知節度事，以待朝命。 惟簡既行，孟祐知其謀，密遣告田悅。 悅大怒，使衙官扈岌往見惟岳，讓之曰：「尚書舉兵，正為大夫求旌節耳，非為己也。 今大夫乃信邵真之言，遣弟奉表，悉以反逆之罪歸尚書，自求雪身，尚書何負於大夫而至此邪！ 若相為斬邵真，則相待如初； 不然，當與大夫絕矣。」 判官畢華言於惟岳曰：「田尚書以大夫之故陷身重圍，大夫一旦負之，不義甚矣。 且魏博、淄青兵強食富，足抗天下，事未可知，奈何遽為二三之計乎！」 惟岳素怯，不能守前計，乃引邵真，對扈岌斬之。 發成德兵萬人，與孟祐俱圍束鹿。 丙寅，朱滔、張孝忠與戰於束鹿城下，惟岳大敗，燒營而遁。 兵馬使王武俊為左右所構，惟岳疑之，惜其才，未忍除也。 束鹿之戰，使武俊為前鋒，私自謀曰：「我破朱滔，則惟岳軍勢大振，歸，殺我必矣。」 故戰不甚力而敗。
On the bingyin day, Li Weiyue sent Meng You to hold Shulu; Zhu Tao and Zhang Xiaozhong stormed the town and marched on to besiege Shenzhou. Weiyue was shaken with fear; his secretary Shao Zhen urged him again, drafted a secret memorial, and sent his younger brother Weijian to the capital first; then execute the disobedient generals, go to court in person, and leave his father-in-law Zheng Shen, prefect of Jizhou, as acting military commissioner until the throne decided his fate. As soon as Weijian was on the road, Meng You learned of the plot and secretly informed Tian Yue. Yue was furious and sent his yamen officer Hu Ji to confront Weiyue: "Senior Minister Tian took up arms solely to win you a commission—not for his own sake. Now you heed Shao Zhen, send your brother with a memorial, and lay every charge of rebellion on the Senior Minister to save your own skin—what has Tian done to deserve this from you! If you will behead Shao Zhen with me, we can stand together as before; otherwise I break with you entirely." Recorder Bi Hua told Weiyue, "Senior Minister Tian is trapped in a siege because of you; to turn on him now would be a gross betrayal. Weibo and Ziqing are strong and well supplied—enough to defy the empire. The outcome is still in doubt; why rush into half measures?" Weiyue had always been timid; he could not hold to his earlier plan, summoned Shao Zhen, and beheaded him before Hu Ji. He raised ten thousand Chengde troops and with Meng You laid siege to Shulu again. On the bingyin day, Zhu Tao and Zhang Xiaozhong met Weiyue below Shulu; he was routed, burned his camp, and fled. Those around him had turned Weiyue against his cavalry commander Wang Wujun; he suspected Wujun but valued his ability and could not bring himself to dismiss him. At Shulu he put Wujun in the van; Wujun privately reasoned, "If I defeat Zhu Tao, Weiyue's armies will rally—and when I come home he will surely have me killed." So he held back in the fight and lost.
37
朱滔欲乘勝攻恆州，張孝忠引兵西北，軍於義豐。 滔大驚，孝忠將佐皆怪之，孝忠曰：「恆州宿將尚多，未易可輕。 迫之則並力死鬥，緩之則自相圖。 諸君第觀之，吾軍義豐，坐待惟岳之殄滅耳。 且朱司徒言大而識淺，可與共始，難與共終也！」 於是滔亦屯束鹿，不敢進。
Zhu Tao meant to press on to Hengzhou, but Zhang Xiaozhong marched northwest and encamped at Yifeng. Tao was alarmed; Xiaozhong's officers were baffled. Xiaozhong said, "Hengzhou still has many seasoned commanders—it must not be taken lightly. Press them and they will unite and fight to the death; ease off and they will turn on one another. Watch and wait: with our army at Yifeng we can sit out Weiyue's ruin. Besides, Steward Zhu talks big but sees little—you can begin with him, but not end with him!" Tao thereupon also halted at Shulu and dared not advance.
38
惟岳將康日知以趙州歸國，惟岳益疑王武俊，武俊甚懼。 或謂惟岳曰：「先相公委腹心於武俊，使之輔佐大夫，又有骨肉之親。 武俊勇冠三軍，今危難之際，復加猜阻。 若無武俊，欲使誰為大夫卻敵乎！」 惟岳以為然，乃使步軍使衛常寧與武俊共擊趙州，又使王士真將兵宿府中以自衛。
Weiyue's general Kang Rizhi surrendered Zhaozhou to the throne; Weiyue grew still more suspicious of Wang Wujun, and Wujun was deeply afraid. Someone told Weiyue, "Your late father entrusted Wujun to assist you, and you are kin besides. Wujun's courage is unmatched in the army; now, in crisis, you add suspicion on top of it. Without Wujun, who will fight the enemy back for you?" Weiyue agreed, sent the infantry commander Wei Changning with Wujun to attack Zhaozhou, and posted Wang Shizhen with troops in the headquarters compound as a guard.
39
癸未，蜀王遂更名溯。
On the guiwei day, the Prince of Shu changed his name to Su.
40
淮南節度使陳少游拔海、密二州，李納復攻陷之。
Chen Shaoyou, military commissioner of Huainan, recovered Hai and Mi; Li Na attacked and seized them again.
41
王武俊既出恆州，謂衛常寧曰：「武俊今幸出虎口，不復歸矣！ 當北歸張尚書。」 常寧曰：「大夫闇弱，信任左右，觀其勢終為朱滔所滅。 今天子有詔，得大夫首者，以其官爵與之。 中丞素為眾所服，與其出亡，曷若倒戈以取大夫，轉禍為福，特反掌耳。 事苟不捷，歸張尚書，未晚也。」 武俊深以為然。 會惟岳使要藉謝遵至趙州城下，武俊引遵同謀取惟岳。 遵還，密告王士真。 閏月，甲辰，武俊、常寧自趙州引兵還襲惟岳。 遵與士真矯惟岳命，啟城門納之。 黎明，武俊帥數百騎突入府門。 士真應之於內，殺十餘人。 武俊令曰：「大夫叛逆，將士歸順，敢違拒者族！」 眾莫敢動。 遂執惟岳，收鄭詵、畢華、王它奴等，皆殺之。 武俊以惟岳舊使之子，欲生送之長安。 常寧曰：「彼見天子，將復以叛逆之罪歸咎於中丞。」 乃縊殺之，傳首京師。 深州刺史楊榮國，惟岳姊夫也，降於朱滔，滔使復其位。
Once Wang Wujun was out of Hengzhou, he told Wei Changning, "I have escaped the tiger's jaws and will not go back! I should march north to Senior Minister Zhang." Changning said, "The Lord is weak and trusts his flatterers; in the end Zhu Tao will destroy him. The Son of Heaven has promised the Lord's rank and office to whoever brings in his head. You, Commissioner, have long commanded the troops' respect. Rather than flee, why not turn your blades on the Lord and trade ruin for reward—it is no harder than turning your hand over. If the plan fails, you can still go to Zhang—it will not be too late." Wujun was fully persuaded. Weiyue's supply officer Xie Zun came to the walls of Zhaozhou; Wujun drew him into a plot to seize Weiyue. Zun returned and secretly informed Wang Shizhen. In the intercalary month, on the jiachen day, Wujun and Changning marched back from Zhaozhou and struck at Weiyue. Zun and Shizhen forged an order in Weiyue's name and opened the gates to let them in. At dawn Wujun led several hundred horsemen in a sudden charge through the headquarters gate. Shizhen answered from within and cut down more than ten men. Wujun proclaimed, "The Lord has rebelled; the troops are to submit to the throne. Whoever resists will have his clan wiped out!" No one stirred. They seized Weiyue, arrested Zheng Shen, Bi Hua, Wang Tanu, and the rest, and put them all to death. Wujun, remembering that Weiyue had been the son of his old master, wished to deliver him alive to Chang'an. Changning said, "Once he sees the Son of Heaven he will lay the whole rebellion at your door again." So they garroted him and forwarded his head to Chang'an. Yang Rongguo, prefect of Shenzhou and Weiyue's brother-in-law, submitted to Zhu Tao, who restored him to his post.
42
復榷天下酒，惟西京不榷。
The court restored the wine monopoly empire-wide, exempting only the Western Capital.
43
二月，戊午，李惟岳所署定州刺史楊政義降。 時河北略定，惟魏州未下。 河南諸軍攻李納於濮州，納勢日蹙。 朝廷謂天下不日可平。 甲子，以張孝忠為易、定、滄三州節度使，王武俊為恆冀都團練觀察使，康日知為深趙都團練觀察使，以德、林二州隸朱滔，令還鎮。 滔固請深州，不許，由是怨望，留屯深州。 王武俊素輕張孝忠，自以手誅李惟岳，功在康日知上，而孝忠為節度使，己與康日知俱為都團練使，又失趙、定二州，亦不悅。 又詔以糧三千石給朱滔，馬五百匹給馬燧。 武俊以為朝廷不欲使故人為節度使，魏博既下，必取恆冀，故先分其糧馬以弱之，疑，未肯奉詔。
In the second month, on the wuwu day, Yang Zhengyi, the Dingzhou prefect Li Weiyue had appointed, surrendered. By then Hebei was largely pacified; only Weizhou still held out. The Henan armies pressed Li Na at Puzhou, and his position grew tighter by the day. At court men spoke as though the empire would be at peace in a matter of days. On the jiazi day, Zhang Xiaozhong was made military commissioner of Yi, Ding, and Cang; Wang Wujun regimental-training commissioner of Heng and Ji; Kang Rizhi of Shen and Zhao; De and Lin were assigned to Zhu Tao, who was ordered back to his command. Zhu Tao pressed for Shenzhou and was refused; resentful, he kept his army at Shenzhou. Wang Wujun had always despised Zhang Xiaozhong; he had killed Li Weiyue with his own hand and outranked Kang Rizhi in merit, yet Xiaozhong received a full commission while he and Kang Rizhi were only regimental-training commissioners—and he had lost Zhao and Ding besides. He was bitter. Another edict assigned three thousand piculs of grain to Zhu Tao and five hundred horses to Ma Sui. Wujun concluded that the court would not let an old retainer hold a full commission: once Weibo fell, Heng and Ji would be next, and the grain and horses were being stripped away in advance to weaken him. Suspicious, he refused the order.
44
田悅聞之，遣判官王侑、許士則間道至深州，說朱滔曰：「司徒奉詔討李惟岳，旬朔之間，拔束鹿，下深州，惟岳勢蹙，故王大夫因司徒勝勢，得以梟惟岳之首，此皆司徒之功也。 又天子明下詔書，令司徒得惟岳城邑，皆隸本鎮。 今乃割深州以與日知，是自棄其信也。 且今上志欲掃清河朔，不使蕃鎮承襲，將悉以文臣代武臣。 魏亡，則燕、趙為之次矣； 若魏存，則燕、趙無患。 然則司徒果有意矜魏博之危而救之，非徒得存亡繼絕之義，亦子孫萬世之利也。」 又許以貝州賂滔。 滔素有異志，聞之，大喜，即遣王侑歸報魏州，使將士知有外援，各自堅。 又遣判官王郅與許士則俱詣恆州，說王武俊曰：「大夫出萬死之計，誅逆首，拔亂根，康日知不出趙州，豈得與大夫同日論功！ 而朝廷褒賞略同，誰不為大夫憤邑者！ 今又聞有詔支糧馬與鄰道，朝廷之意，蓋以大夫善戰無敵，恐為後患，先欲貧弱軍府，俟平魏之日，使馬僕射北首，朱司徒南向，共相滅耳。 朱司徒亦不敢自保，使郅等效愚計，欲與大夫共救田尚書而存之。 大夫自留糧馬以供軍； 朱司徒不欲以深州與康日知，願以與大夫，請早定刺史以守之。 三鎮連後，若耳目手足之相救，則它日永無患矣！」 武俊亦喜，許諾，即遣判官王巨源使於滔，且令知深州事，相與刻日舉兵南向。 滔又遣人說張孝忠，孝忠不從。
When Tian Yue heard, he sent his recorders Wang You and Xu Shize by a hidden route to Shenzhou to tell Zhu Tao, "Steward, you were ordered to attack Li Weiyue. Within a month you took Shulu and Shenzhou; Weiyue was cornered, and Lord Wang used your victory to take Weiyue's head—all of it your doing, Steward. The Son of Heaven plainly decreed that every city you took from Weiyue should remain under your command. Now Shenzhou is handed to Kang Rizhi—you are throwing away your own credibility. Moreover the present emperor means to sweep Qinghe and the north clean, end hereditary frontier commands, and replace every military commissioner with a civil official. If Wei falls, Yan and Zhao are next; if Wei survives, Yan and Zhao have nothing to fear. If you, Steward, truly mean to pity Weibo in its peril and save it, you win not only the credit of preserving the dying, but profit for your house for ten thousand generations." They also offered Beizhou as a bribe to Zhu Tao. Zhu Tao had long nursed ambitions of his own; delighted, he sent Wang You back to Weizhou so the garrison would know outside aid was coming and stand firmer. He also sent Wang Zhi and Xu Shize to Hengzhou to persuade Wang Wujun: "Lord, you risked death ten thousand times over, slew the rebel leader, and uprooted the rebellion—Kang Rizhi never left Zhaozhou; how can he be ranked with you for merit! Yet the court's rewards are nearly the same—who does not burn with outrage on your behalf! Now we hear an edict diverting your grain and horses to neighboring circuits. The court fears you are invincible in battle and means to weaken your prefecture first; when Wei is pacified, Vice Minister Ma will march north and Steward Zhu south to destroy each other—and you with them. Steward Zhu dares not trust his own safety either; he sent Zhi with this plan, hoping with you to rescue Senior Minister Tian and keep him alive. Keep the grain and horses for your own army; Steward Zhu will not give Shenzhou to Kang Rizhi but to you—appoint a prefect at once to hold it. With the three commands linked like ear, eye, hand, and foot, you will never have trouble again!" Wujun was pleased in turn, agreed, and at once sent Wang Juyuan to Zhu Tao, put him in charge of Shenzhou, and set a day to march south together. Zhu Tao also sent envoys to win over Zhang Xiaozhong, but Xiaozhong would not listen.
45
宣武節度使劉洽攻李納於濮州，克其外城。 納於城上涕泣求自新，李勉又遣人說之。 癸卯，納遣其判官房說以其母弟經及子成務入見。 會中使宋鳳朝稱納勢窮蹙，不可捨，上乃因說等於禁中，納遂歸鄆州，復與田悅等合。 朝廷以納勢未衰，三月，乙未，始以徐州刺史李洧兼徐、海、沂都團練觀察使，海、沂已為納所據，洧競無所得。
Liu Qia, military commissioner of Xuanwu, besieged Li Na at Puzhou and took the outer city. Li Na wept on the walls and begged to reform; Li Mian also sent envoys to urge him. On the guimao day, Li Na sent his recorder Fang Shuo with his younger brother Jing and his son Chengwu to court. The palace envoy Song Fengchao declared that Li Na was cornered and must not be spared; the emperor detained Fang Shuo and the rest in the palace, and Na returned to Yanzhou and rejoined Tian Yue and the others. Because Li Na's strength had not yet broken, in the third month on the yiwei day the court first named Li Wei of Xuzhou regimental-training commissioner of Xu, Hai, and Yi as well—but Hai and Yi were already in Na's hands, and Wei gained nothing for the title.
46
李納之初反也，其所署德州刺史李西華備守甚嚴，都虞候李士真密毀西華於納，納召西華還府，以士真代之。 士真又以詐召棣州刺史李長卿，長卿過德州，士真劫之，與同歸國。 夏，四月，戊午，以士真、長卿為二州刺史。 士真求援於朱滔，滔已有異志，遣大將李濟時將三千人聲言助士真守德州，且召士真詣深州議軍事，至則留之，使濟時領州事。
When Li Na first rebelled, his Dezhou prefect Li Xihua held the city with strict discipline; the chief marshal Li Shizhen secretly slandered him to Na, who recalled Xihua to headquarters and replaced him with Shizhen. Shizhen also lured Di prefect Li Changqing by fraud; when Changqing passed through Dezhou, Shizhen seized him and they submitted together to the throne. In summer, the fourth month, on the wuwu day, Shizhen and Changqing were confirmed as the two prefects. Shizhen sought aid from Zhu Tao, who already nursed separate ambitions; he sent Li Jishi with three thousand men, claiming to help hold Dezhou, summoned Shizhen to Shenzhou to discuss strategy, detained him on arrival, and put Jishi in charge of the prefecture.
47
庚申，吐蕃歸曏日所俘掠兵民八百人。
On the gengshen day, Tibet returned eight hundred soldiers and civilians taken in a recent raid.
48
上遣中使發盧龍、恆冀、易定兵萬人詣魏州討田悅。 王武俊不受詔，執使者送朱滔。 滔言於眾曰：「將士有功者，吾奏求官勳，皆不遂。 今欲與諸君敕裝共趨魏州，擊破馬燧以取溫飽，何如？」 皆不應。 三問，乃曰：「幽州之人，自安、史之反，從而南者無一人得還，今其遺人痛入骨髓。 況太尉、司徒皆受國寵榮，將士亦各蒙官勳，誠且願保目前，不敢復有僥冀。」 滔默然而罷。 乃誅大將數十人，厚撫循其士卒。 康日知聞其謀，以告馬燧，燧以聞。 上以魏州未下，王武俊復叛，力未能制滔。 壬戌，賜滔爵通義郡王，冀以安之。 滔反謀益甚，分兵營於趙州以逼康日知，以深州授王巨源。 武俊以其子士真為恆、冀、深三州留後，將兵圍趙州。
The emperor sent a palace envoy to raise ten thousand men from Lulong, Heng-Ji, and Yi-Ding and march on Weizhou against Tian Yue. Wang Wujun refused the order, seized the envoy, and handed him over to Zhu Tao. Zhu Tao told the troops, "Every officer and soldier with merit—I have petitioned for rank and rewards, and not one has been granted. I mean for all of you to arm up and march with me on Weizhou, break Ma Sui, and win ourselves food and warm clothes—what say you?" No one answered. He asked three times before they spoke: "Since the An Lushan rebellion, every Youzhou man who marched south has failed to come home. Those left behind carry that grief in their bones. Besides, you and the Situ already enjoy the court's highest honors, and we have our own ranks and rewards. We mean to hold what we have and dare not gamble for more." Tao said nothing more and dropped the plan. He executed several dozen senior commanders, then lavished care on the ranks to steady them. Kang Rizhi learned of the scheme, told Ma Sui, and Sui reported it to the throne. Weizhou still held out, Wang Wujun had turned rebel again, and the court lacked the strength to bring Zhu Tao to heel. On the renxu day the throne made Tao Prince of Tongyi, hoping the honor would keep him loyal. Tao's defiance only deepened. He posted troops at Zhaozhou to squeeze Kang Rizhi and handed Shenzhou to Wang Juyuan. Wujun installed his son Shizhen as acting governor of Heng, Ji, and Shen, then marched to besiege Zhaozhou.
49
涿州刺史劉怦與滔同縣人，其母，滔之姑也，滔使知幽州留後，聞滔欲救田悅，以書諫之曰：「今昌平故里，朝廷改為太尉鄉、司徒裡，此亦大夫不朽之名也。 但以忠順自持，則事無不濟。 竊思近日務大樂戰，不顧成敗而家滅身屠者，安、史是也。 怦忝密親，默而無告，是負重知。 惟司徒圖之，無貽後悔。」 滔雖不用其言，亦嘉其盡忠，卒無疑貳。
Liu Zheng of Zhuo prefecture came from Tao's home county; his mother was Tao's aunt. Tao had left him in charge at Youzhou. When he heard Tao meant to march south for Tian Yue, he wrote in protest: "The court has renamed your old home at Changping Grand Preceptor Village and Situ Lane—that is glory enough for any man. Hold to loyalty and obedience, and every undertaking will prosper. I think of men who lately chased grand ambitions and loved battle, never weighing victory or ruin until their houses were destroyed and they themselves were slain—An Lushan and Shi Siming were such men. As one bound to you by close kin, I would betray your trust were I to keep silent. Please weigh this, Situ, and spare yourself regret." Tao ignored the advice but honored his loyalty and never doubted him afterward.
50
滔將起兵，恐張孝忠為後患，復遣牙官蔡雄往說之。 孝忠曰：「昔者司徒發幽州，遣人語孝忠曰：『李惟岳負恩為逆』，謂孝忠歸國即為忠臣。 孝忠性直，用司徒之教。 今既為忠臣矣，不復助逆也。 且孝忠與武俊皆出夷落，深知其心最喜翻覆。 司徒勿忘鄙言，它日必相念矣！」 雄復欲以巧辭說之，孝忠怒，欲執送京師。 雄懼，逃歸。 滔乃使劉怦將兵屯要害以備之。 孝忠完城礪兵，獨居強寇之間，莫之能屈。 滔將步騎二萬五千發深州，至束鹿。 詰旦將行，吹角未畢，士卒忽大亂，喧噪曰：「天子令司徒歸幽州，奈何違敕南救田悅！」 滔大懼，走入驛後堂避匿。 蔡雄與兵馬使宗頊等矯謂士卒曰：「汝輩勿喧，聽司徒傳令。」 眾稍止。 雄又曰：「司徒將發范陽，恩旨令得李惟岳州縣即有之，司徒以幽州少絲纊，故與汝曹竭力血戰以取深州，冀得其絲纊以寬汝曹賦率，不意國家無信，復以深州與康日知。 又，朝廷以汝曹有功，賜絹人十匹，至魏州西境，盡為馬僕射所奪。 司徒但處范陽，富貴足矣，今茲南行，乃為汝曹，非自為也。 汝曹不欲南行，任自歸北，何用喧悖，乖失軍禮！」 眾聞言，不知所為，乃曰：「敕使何得不為軍士守護賞物！」 遂入敕使院，擘裂殺之。 又呼曰：「雖知司徒此行為士卒，終不如且奉詔歸鎮。」 雄曰：「然則汝曹各還部伍，詰朝復往深州，休息數日，相與歸鎮耳。」 眾然後定。 滔即引軍還深州，密令諸將訪察唱率為亂者，得二百餘人，悉斬之，餘眾股慄。 乃復舉兵而南，眾莫敢前卻。 進，取寧晉，留屯以待王武俊。 武俊將步騎萬五千取元氏，東趣寧晉。
Before Tao took the field he feared Zhang Xiaozhong might strike from behind and sent his aide Cai Xiong to win him over. Xiaozhong replied: "When you first marched from Youzhou you told me Li Weiyue had betrayed the throne and that if I returned to the empire I would be counted loyal. I am a plain man and took your counsel. I am already the emperor's man and will not aid rebellion again. Wujun and I both come from the frontier tribes—I know how fond he is of changing sides. Do not forget what I tell you now, Situ—you will remember it one day!" When Xiong tried more smooth talk, Xiaozhong flew into a rage and meant to seize him and send him to Chang'an. Xiong fled for his life. Tao posted Liu Zheng with troops at the key passes to guard against him. Xiaozhong repaired his walls, trained his men, and held his ground amid powerful enemies—none could break him. Tao marched twenty-five thousand infantry and cavalry from Shenzhou as far as Shulu. At dawn, before the reveille had finished, the troops erupted in uproar: "The Son of Heaven ordered the Situ home to Youzhou—why disobey and march south for Tian Yue!" Tao was terrified and hid in the back hall of the post station. Cai Xiong and the troop commander Zong Xu stepped in with a false announcement: "Quiet—all of you. Hear the Situ's order." The uproar subsided a little. Xiong went on: "When we left Fan Yang the throne promised us Li Weiyue's districts. Youzhou lacks cloth, so the Situ bled beside you to seize Shenzhou so its hemp and silk could lighten your taxes. Then the court broke faith and handed Shenzhou back to Kang Rizhi. The court also granted each of you ten bolts of silk for your service, but at the western border of Weizhou Vice Censor Ma seized every bolt. The Situ could live in wealth at Fan Yang. He marches south for you, not for himself. If you refuse to march south, go north on your own—but why riot and break discipline?" The men were at a loss, then cried: "Why didn't the imperial envoy protect our reward goods!" They stormed the envoy's quarters, tore him limb from limb, and killed him. They shouted again: "Even if this march is for us, we had better obey the edict and go home to our posts." Xiong said: "Fall back into your units. Tomorrow we march again to Shenzhou, rest a few days, then all return to our posts together." Only then did the troops calm down. Tao withdrew to Shenzhou and secretly had his officers find the ringleaders—more than two hundred were beheaded, and the rest shook with fear. He marched south again, and no soldier dared hang back or press ahead on his own. He advanced, seized Ningjin, and camped there to await Wang Wujun. Wujun led fifteen thousand foot and horse to take Yuanshi and hurried east toward Ningjin.
51
武俊之始誅李惟岳也，遣判官孟華入見。 上問以河朔利害，華性忠直，有才略，應對慷慨。 上悅，以為恆冀團練副使。 會武俊與朱滔有異謀，上遽遣華歸諭旨。 華至，武俊已出師，華諫曰：「聖意於大夫甚厚，苟盡忠義，何患官爵之不崇，土地之不廣，不日天子必移康中丞於它鎮，深、趙終為大夫之有，何苦遽自同於逆亂乎！ 異日無成，悔之何及！」 華曏在李寶臣幕府，以直道已為同列所忌，至是為副使，同列尤疾之，言於武俊曰：「華以軍中陰事奏天子，請為內應，故得超遷。 是將覆大夫之軍，大夫宜備之。」 武俊以其舊人，不忍殺，奪職，使歸私第。
After Wujun killed Li Weiyue he sent his registrar Meng Hua to court. The emperor questioned him on the strategic situation north of the Yellow River. Loyal, capable, and forthright, Hua answered with force and clarity. The emperor was pleased and made him deputy commissioner for Heng and Ji. When Wujun and Zhu Tao began to plot separately, the emperor hurried Hua back to deliver the court's message. Hua arrived to find Wujun already on campaign. He pleaded: "The throne favors you deeply. Serve with loyalty and rank and lands will follow. Kang will soon be transferred; Shen and Zhao will be yours in time. Why throw in with rebels now? If you fail, regret will come too late!" Hua had once served Li Baochen and his honesty had already earned jealousy. As deputy commissioner the staff hated him worse and told Wujun: "He reported our secrets to the emperor and offered to be his spy inside the army—that is why he was promoted so fast. He means to destroy your army, my lord—you should guard against him." Wujun, remembering their old tie, would not kill him but stripped his post and sent him home.
52
田悅恃援兵將至，遣其將康愔萬餘人出城西，與馬燧等戰於御河上，大敗而還。
Counting on reinforcements, Tian Yue sent Kang Yin with ten thousand men west of the city to meet Ma Sui on the Yu River. They were crushed and driven back.
53
時兩河用兵，月費百餘萬緡，府庫不支數月。 太常博士韋都賓、陳京建議，以為：「貨利所聚，皆在富商，請括富商錢，出萬緡者，借其餘以供軍。 計天下不過借一二千商，則數年之用足矣。」 上從之。 甲子，詔借商人錢，令度支條上。 判度支杜佑大索長安中商賈所有貨，意其不實，輒加搒捶。 帛粟麥者，皆借四分之一，封其櫃窖。 百姓為之罷市，相帥遮宰相馬自訴，以千萬數。 盧杞始慰諭之，勢不可遏，乃疾驅自他道歸。 計並借商所得，才二百萬緡，人已竭矣。 京，叔明之五世孫也。
The two Hebei fronts now cost more than a million strings a month, and the treasury could not last many months. Grand Academy doctors Wei Dubin and Chen Jing urged: "Wealth pools among the great merchants. Register their assets—let each man who holds ten thousand strings lend the rest to the army. A loan from one or two thousand merchants across the empire would fund the war for years." The emperor agreed. On the jiazi day an edict ordered loans from merchants and told the Revenue Bureau to draw up the lists. Revenue Vice Minister Du You scoured Chang'an for merchant goods and beat any man he thought had lied about his holdings. A quarter of every stock of cloth, grain, and wheat was seized and the storerooms sealed. The people shut the markets in protest and massed by the thousands to block the chief ministers' carriages and plead their case. Lu Qi tried to calm them, but the crowd could not be checked, so he galloped home by a back street. In all, the levy raised only two million strings, while the people were drained dry. Chen Jing was a fifth-generation descendant of Li Shuming.
54
甲戌，以昭義節度副使、磁州刺史盧玄卿為洺州刺史兼魏博招討副使。
On the jiaxu day Lu Xuanqing, deputy commissioner of Zhao-Yi and prefect of Ci, was made prefect of Luo and deputy commander of the campaign against Wei-Bo.
55
初，李抱真為澤潞節度使，馬燧領河陽三城。 抱真欲殺懷州刺史楊鉥，鉥奔燧。 燧納之，且奏其無罪，抱真怒。 及同討田悅，數以事相恨望，二人怨隙遂深，不復相見。 由是諸軍逗橈，久無成功，上數遣中使和解之。 及王武俊逼趙州，抱真分麾下二千人戍邢州，燧大怒曰：「餘賊未除，宜相與戮力，乃分兵自守其地，我寧得獨戰邪！」 欲引兵歸。 李晟說燧曰：「李尚書以邢、趙連壤，分兵守之，誠未有害。 今公遽自引去，眾謂公何！」 燧悅，乃單騎造抱真壘，相與釋憾結歡。 會洺州刺史田昂請入朝，燧奏以洺州隸抱真，請玄卿為刺史，兼充招討之副。 李晟軍先隸抱真，又請兼隸燧，以示協和。 上皆從之。
Earlier Li Baozhen had been military commissioner of Ze and Lu, while Ma Sui held the three Heyang cities. Baozhen meant to kill Yang Chu, prefect of Huai, and Chu fled to Ma Sui. Sui sheltered him and memorialized that he was innocent. Baozhen was furious. Campaigning together against Tian Yue, they nursed grievance after grievance until the breach between them was deep and they refused to meet. The allied armies stalled and victory eluded them for months, and the emperor repeatedly sent palace envoys to reconcile the two. When Wang Wujun pressed Zhaozhou, Baozhen detached two thousand men to hold Xing. Ma Sui raged: "The rebels are not beaten yet—we should fight as one, and you peel off troops to guard your own ground. Am I to fight alone?" He meant to pull his army out. Li Sheng urged him: "Minister Li posted men at Xing because it borders Zhao—that is no real injury to us. If you march away now, what will the army say of you?" Sui took the counsel to heart, rode alone into Baozhen's camp, and the two cleared their grudges and made peace. When Tian Ang, prefect of Luo, asked to come to court, Sui proposed placing Luo under Baozhen, with Xuanqing as prefect and deputy commander of the campaign. Li Sheng's force had first served under Baozhen; he now asked that it answer to Sui as well, as a gesture of unity. The emperor approved every proposal.
56
盧龍節度行軍司馬蔡廷玉惡判官鄭雲逵，言於朱泚，奏貶莫州參軍。 雲逵妻，朱滔之女也，滔復奏為掌書記。 雲逵深構廷玉於滔，廷玉又與檢校大理少卿朱體微言於泚曰：「滔在幽鎮，事多專擅，其性非長者，不可以兵權付之。」 滔知之，大怒，數與泚書，請殺二人者，泚不從。 由是兄弟頗有隙。 及滔拒命，上欲歸罪於廷玉等以悅滔，甲子，貶廷玉柳州司戶，體微萬州南浦尉。
Cai Tingyu, campaign adjutant of Lu-Long, hated the registrar Zheng Yunkui and persuaded Zhu Ci to have him demoted to a post in Mo prefecture. Yunkui's wife was Zhu Tao's daughter, and Tao had him restored as chief secretary. Yunkui slandered Tingyu to Tao, while Tingyu and the acting Grand Court Judge Zhu Tiwi told Ci: "Tao runs You-zhou on his own whim. He is no steady elder—do not leave him the army." When Tao learned of it he was furious and wrote Ci again and again demanding their deaths. Ci refused. From that time the brothers were badly estranged. When Tao defied the throne the emperor sought to appease him by punishing Tingyu and the rest. On jiazi, Tingyu was sent to Lizhou as registrar and Tiwi to Nanpu in Wanzhou as adjutant.
57
宣武節度使劉洽攻李納之濮陽，降其守將高彥昭。
Liu Qia of Xuan-Wu attacked Li Na's Puyang and won the surrender of its commander Gao Yanzhao.
58
朱滔遣人以蠟書置髻中遺朱泚，欲與同反。 馬燧獲之，並使者送長安，泚不之知。 上驛召泚於鳳翔，至，以蠟書並使者示之，泚惶恐頓首請罪。 上曰：「相去千里，初不同謀，非卿之罪也。」 因留之長安私第，賜名園、腴田、錦彩、金銀甚厚，以安其意； 其幽州、盧龍節度、太尉、中書令並如故。
Zhu Tao sent a man with a wax-sealed letter hidden in his topknot to Zhu Ci, urging a joint rebellion. Ma Sui seized the letter and the courier and sent both to Chang'an while Ci remained unaware. The emperor summoned Ci posthaste from Fengxiang. When he arrived the letter and courier were shown him, and Ci prostrated himself in terror to beg pardon. The emperor said: "You were a thousand li apart and never plotted together. This is not your fault." He kept Ci at a private house in Chang'an and heaped on him famous gardens, rich fields, brocades, gold, and silver to ease his mind; his posts in Youzhou and Lu-Long, his rank as Grand Preceptor, and his seat as Grand Councilor all remained unchanged.
59
上以幽州兵在鳳翔，思得重臣代之。 盧杞忌張鎰忠直，為上所重，欲出之於外，己得專總朝政，乃對曰：「朱泚名位素崇，鳳翔將校班秩已高，非宰相信臣，無以鎮撫，臣請自行。」 上俯首未言，□巳又曰：「陛下必以臣貌寢，不為三軍所伏，固惟陛下神算。」 上乃顧鎰曰：「才兼文武，望重內外，無以易卿。」 鎰知為杞所排而無辭以免，因再拜受命。 戊寅，以鎰兼鳳翔尹、隴右節度等使。
With Youzhou troops still at Fengxiang, the emperor wanted a senior minister to take Ci's place there. Lu Qi resented Zhang Yin's upright loyalty and the favor the emperor showed him. Qi wanted Yin sent away so he could rule the court alone. He answered: "Zhu Ci's standing is too high and Fengxiang's officers too senior—only a chief minister or trusted minister can hold them. I beg to go myself." The emperor bowed his head in silence. Lu Qi added: "If Your Majesty thinks my looks too slight for the troops to respect, that is for Your Majesty's wisdom alone to decide." The emperor turned to Yin and said: "Civil and military talent, renown at court and in the field—no one can take your place." Yin knew Qi had maneuvered him out and had no excuse to refuse. He bowed twice and accepted. On the wuyin day Yin was appointed concurrently prefect of Fengxiang, commissioner of Longyou, and related commands.
60
初，盧杞與御史大夫嚴郢共構楊炎、趙惠伯之獄，炎死，杞復忌郢。 會蔡廷玉等貶官，殿中侍御史鄭詹誤遞文符至昭應送之，廷玉等行已至藍田，召還而東，廷玉等以為執己送朱滔，至靈寶西，赴河死。 上聞之，駭異，盧杞因奏：「朱泚必疑以為詔旨，請遣三司使案詹。」 又言：「御史所為，必稟大夫，請並郢案之。」 獄未具，壬午，杞奏杖殺詹於京兆府； 貶郢費州刺史，卒於貶所。
Earlier Lu Qi and the censor-in-chief Yan Yan had together framed Yang Yan and Zhao Huibo. After Yang Yan died, Qi came to resent Yan Yan as well. Just then Cai Tingyu and other demoted officials were in transit. Palace Attendant Censor Zheng Zhan mistakenly routed the escort papers to Zhaoying. Tingyu's party had already reached Lantian when they were recalled and ordered east. Believing they were being seized and handed over to Zhu Tao, they drowned themselves in the river west of Lingbao. When the emperor heard of it he was appalled. Lu Qi thereupon memorialized: "Zhu Ci is sure to suspect this was an imperial order. Please send a Three Agencies commissioner to investigate Zhan." He added: "Whatever a censor does, the chief censor must have been told. Please investigate Yan Yan as well." Before the trial was finished, on the renwu day Qi memorialized to have Zhan beaten to death in the Jingzhao prefecture office; Yan Yan was demoted to prefect of Feizhou and died on the way to exile.
61
上初即位，崔祐甫為相，務崇寬大，故當時政聲藹然，以為有貞觀之風。 及盧杞為相，知上性多忌，因以疑似離間群臣，始勸上以嚴刻御下，中外失望。
When the emperor first ascended the throne, Cui Youfu served as chancellor and pursued a policy of leniency. Government at the time won a glowing reputation; many thought the Zhenguan spirit had returned. Once Lu Qi became chancellor, knowing how suspicious the emperor was, he sowed doubt among the ministers and began urging harsh rule. Court and country alike lost hope.
62
淮南節度使陳少游奏，本道稅錢每千請增二百。 五月，丙戌，詔增它道稅錢皆如淮南； 又鹽每斗價皆增百錢。
Huainan military commissioner Chen Shaoyou memorialized that taxes in his circuit should rise by two hundred cash per thousand collected. In the fifth month, on the bingxu day, an edict ordered every other circuit to raise taxes to match Huainan; and the price of salt was raised by a hundred cash per dou everywhere as well.
63
朱滔、王武俊自寧晉南救魏州，辛卯，詔朔方節度使李懷光將朔方及神策步騎萬五千人東討田悅，且拒滔等。 滔行至宗城，掌書記鄭雲逵、參謀田景仙棄滔來降。
Zhu Tao and Wang Wujun marched south from Ningjin to relieve Weizhou. On the xinmao day an edict ordered Shuofang commissioner Li Huaiguang to lead fifteen thousand Shuofang and Shence foot and horse east against Tian Yue and to hold off Tao and his allies. When Tao reached Zongcheng, his registrar Zheng Yunkui and staff adviser Tian Jingxian deserted him and surrendered.
64
丁酉，加河東節度使馬燧同平章事。
On the dingyou day Ma Sui, commissioner of Hedong, was made a chief minister as well.
65
辛亥，置義武軍節度於定州，以易、定、滄三州隸之。 張光晟之殺突董也，上欲遂絕回紇，召冊可汗使源休還太原。 久之，乃復遣休送突董及翳密施、大、小梅錄等四喪還其國，可汗遣其宰相頡子思迦等迎之。 頡子思迦坐大帳，立休等於帳前雪中，詰以殺突董之狀，欲殺者數四，供待甚薄。 留五十餘日，乃得歸。 可汗使人謂之曰：「國人皆欲殺汝以償怨，我意則不然。 汝國已殺突董等，我又殺汝，如以血洗血，污益甚耳！ 今吾以水洗血，不亦善乎！ 唐負我馬直絹百八十萬匹，當速歸之。」 遣其散支將軍康赤心隨休入見，休竟不得見可汗而還。 六月，己卯，至長安，詔以帛十萬匹、金銀十萬兩償其馬直。 休有口辯，盧杞恐其見上得幸，乘其未至，先除光祿卿。
On the xinhai day the Yiwu Army command was established at Dingzhou, with Yi, Ding, and Cang prefectures placed under it. After Zhang Guangcheng killed Tudun, the emperor wanted to cut ties with the Uyghurs altogether and recalled enfeoffment envoy Yuan Xiu to Taiyuan. After a long delay he again sent Xiu to return the four coffins—Tudun, Yimishi, Da Mei, and Xiao Mei Lu—to the Uyghur realm. The qaghan sent his chancellor Ezesik and others to meet them. Ezesik sat in a great tent and made Xiu and his party stand in the snow outside, interrogating them about Tudun's death. Several times he nearly had them killed, and their rations were miserably thin. They were held more than fifty days before they were allowed to leave. The qaghan sent word: "My people all want to kill you to settle the score. I do not agree. Your country has already killed Tudun and the rest. If I kill you as well, that is washing blood with blood—the stain only deepens! Better to wash the blood away with water—is that not wiser? Tang still owes me one million eight hundred thousand bolts of silk for our horses. Return them at once." He sent his Sanzhi general Kang Chixin to accompany Xiu to court. Xiu never obtained an audience with the qaghan and turned back. In the sixth month, on the jimao day, he reached Chang'an. An edict ordered a hundred thousand bolts of silk and a hundred thousand taels of gold and silver sent as payment for the horses. Xiu was a gifted speaker. Lu Qi feared he would win the emperor's favor if he appeared at court, and before Xiu arrived had him appointed Director of the Imperial Household.
66
朱滔、王武俊軍至魏州，田悅具牛酒出迎，魏人歡呼動地。 滔營於愜山，是日，李懷光軍亦至，馬燧等盛軍容迎之。 滔以為襲己，遽出陳。 懷光勇而無謀，欲乘其營壘未就擊之。 燧請且休將士，觀釁而動，懷光曰：「彼營壘既立，將為後患，此時不可失也。」 遂擊滔於愜山之西，殺步卒千餘人，滔軍崩沮。 懷光按轡觀之，有喜色。 士卒爭入滔營取寶貨，王武俊引二千騎橫衝懷光軍，軍分為二。 滔引後繼之，官軍大敗，蹙入永濟渠溺死者不可勝數，人相蹈藉，其積如山，水為之不流，馬燧等各收軍保壘。 是夕，滔等堰永濟渠入王莽故河，絕官軍糧道及歸路。 明日，水深三尺餘。 馬燧懼，遣使卑辭謝滔，求與諸節度歸本道，奏天子，請以河北事委五郎處之。 滔欲許之，王武俊以為不可。 滔不從。 秋七月，燧與諸軍涉水而西，退保魏縣以拒滔，滔乃謝武俊，武俊由是恨滔。 後數日，滔等亦引兵營魏縣東南，與官軍隔水相拒。
When Zhu Tao and Wang Wujun's armies reached Weizhou, Tian Yue went out with oxen and wine to welcome them. The people of Wei cheered until the earth seemed to tremble. Tao encamped at Qieshan. That same day Li Huaiguang's army arrived, and Ma Sui and the others turned out their full strength in ceremony to welcome him. Tao thought he was under attack and rushed his men into battle formation. Huaiguang was brave but rash. He wanted to strike before the rebels' camp was fully built. Sui urged resting the men and waiting for an opening. Huaiguang said, "Once their ramparts stand they will plague us later. We cannot miss this chance." He attacked Tao west of Qieshan, killing more than a thousand foot soldiers. Tao's army broke and fled in panic. Huaiguang reined in his horse to watch, his face bright with satisfaction. The soldiers rushed into Tao's camp to loot. Wang Wujun led two thousand horsemen in a flanking charge through Huaiguang's ranks and cut his army in half. Tao brought up reinforcements and pressed the attack. The imperial army was routed and driven into the Yongji Canal; the drowned were beyond count. Men trampled one another until the bodies piled like hills and the water stopped moving. Ma Sui and the others each pulled their forces back behind their walls. That night Tao and his allies dammed the Yongji Canal into Wang Mang's old channel, severing the imperial army's supply line and retreat. By the next day the water stood more than three chi deep. Ma Sui was terrified. He sent an envoy with abject apologies to Tao, asking that all the commissioners be allowed to return to their circuits and report to the throne, and offering to leave affairs north of the Yellow River entirely to the Fifth Lord's discretion. Tao was inclined to accept. Wang Wujun said he must not. Tao would not heed him. In the seventh month of autumn Sui and the allied armies waded west through the flood and fell back to Weixian to hold off Tao. Tao then apologized to Wujun, who from that day bore a grudge against him. A few days later Tao and his allies also withdrew to camp southeast of Weixian, facing the imperial army across the water in stalemate.
67
李納求援於滔等，滔遣魏博兵馬使信都承慶將兵助之。 納攻宋州，不克，遣兵馬使李克信、李欽遙戍濮陽、南華以拒劉洽。
Li Na asked Tao and the others for help. Tao sent Weibo army-and-horse commissioner Xindu Chengqing with troops to reinforce him. Na attacked Songzhou but failed to take it. He sent army-and-horse commissioners Li Kexin and Li Qinyao to hold Puyang and Nanhua against Liu Qia.
68
甲辰，以淮寧節度使李希烈兼平盧、淄青、兗鄆、登萊、齊州節度使，討李納。 又以河東節度使馬燧兼魏博、澶相節度使。 加朔方、邠寧節度使李懷光同平章事。
On the jiachen day Li Xilie, pacification commissioner of Huaining, was made concurrently commissioner of Pinglu, Ziqing, Yan-Ji, Deng-Lai, and Qi to campaign against Li Na. Ma Sui, commissioner of Hedong, was also made concurrently commissioner of Weibo and Cao-Xiang. Li Huaiguang, commissioner of Shuofang and Bin-Ning, was made a chief minister as well.
69
神策行營招討使李晟請以所將兵北解趙州之圍，與張孝忠合勢圖范陽，上許之，晟自魏州引兵北趨趙州，王士真解圍去。 晟留趙州三日，與孝忠合兵北略恆州。
Li Sheng, pacification commissioner of the Shence mobile camp, asked to march north with his troops to lift the siege of Zhaozhou and join Zhang Xiaozhong against Fanyang. The emperor agreed. Sheng led his army north from Weizhou toward Zhaozhou, and Wang Shizhen broke off the siege and withdrew. Sheng stayed at Zhaozhou three days, then united with Xiaozhong and marched north to threaten Hengzhou.
70
演州司馬李孟秋舉兵反，自稱安南節度使。 安南都護輔良交討斬之。
Yanzhou acting prefect Li Mengqiu raised troops in rebellion and styled himself military commissioner of Annan. Annan protector Fu Liangjiao campaigned against him and beheaded him.
71
八月，丁未，置汴東、西水陸運、兩稅、鹽鐵使二人，度支總其大要而已。
In the eighth month, on the dingwei day, two commissioners were appointed for Bian east and west water-and-land transport, the two taxes, and salt and iron; the Ministry of Revenue would retain only overall supervision.
72
辛酉，以涇原留後姚令言為節度使。
On the xinyou day Yao Lingyan, acting commissioner of Jingyuan, was made full military commissioner.
73
盧杞惡太子太師顏真卿，欲出之於外。 真卿謂杞曰：「先中丞傳首至平原，真卿以舌舐面血。 今相公忍不相容乎！」 杞矍然起拜，然恨之益甚。
Lu Qi hated Grand Preceptor of the Heir Apparent Yan Zhenqing and wanted to post him outside the capital. Zhenqing told Qi, "When my late brother's severed head reached Pingyuan, I licked the blood from his face with my own tongue. Can the Chancellor truly bear not to make room for me now!" Qi started up and bowed in alarm, yet hated him all the more deeply.
74
九月，癸卯，殿中少監崔漢衡自吐蕃歸，贊普遣其臣區頰贊隨漢衡入見。 冬，十月，辛亥，以湖南觀察使曹王皋為江南西道節度使。 皋至洪州，悉集將佐，簡閱其才，得牙將伊慎、王鍔等，擢為大將，引荊襄判官許孟容置幕府。 慎，兗州人； 孟容，長安人也。 慎常從李希烈討梁崇義，希烈愛其才，欲留之，慎逃歸。 希烈聞皋用慎，恐為己患，遺慎七屬甲，詐為復書，墜之境上。 上聞之，遣中使即軍中斬慎，皋為之論雪； 未報。 會江賊三千餘眾入寇，皋遣慎擊賊自贖； 慎擊破之，斬首數百級而還，由是得免。
In the ninth month, on the guimao day, Palace Attendant-in-ordinary Cui Hanheng returned from Tibet. The tsenpo sent his minister Qupozhan to accompany Hanheng to court. In winter, the tenth month, on the xinhai day, Cao Wang Gao, observer of Hunan, was made military commissioner of Jiangnan West Circuit. When Gao reached Hongzhou he gathered every officer and aide, sifted their abilities, found military adjutants Yi Shen and Wang E among others and promoted them to senior commanders, and brought Jing-Xiang judge Xu Mengrong onto his staff. Shen was from Yanzhou; Mengrong was from Chang'an. Shen had often campaigned under Li Xilie against Liang Chongyi. Xilie admired his ability and wanted to keep him, but Shen escaped and returned. When Xilie heard Gao had taken Shen into service, fearing a future threat he sent Shen a suit of seven-layer armor with a forged letter of reply and had it dropped inside the border. When the emperor heard of it he sent a palace envoy to the army to execute Shen on the spot. Gao pleaded his case; but no answer came. Just then more than three thousand river pirates raided the district. Gao sent Shen against them to win his life back; Shen routed them, returned with several hundred heads, and was spared.
75
盧杞秉政，知上必更立相，恐其分己權，乘間薦吏部侍郎關播儒厚，可以鎮風俗。 丙辰，以播為中書侍郎、同平章事。 政事皆決於杞，播等斂衽無所可否。 上嘗從容與宰相論事，播意有所不可，起立欲言，杞目之而止。 還至中書，杞謂播曰：「以足下端愨少言，故相引至此，曏者奈何發口欲言邪！」 播自是不復敢言。
Lu Qi held the reins of government and knew the emperor would soon name another chancellor. Fearful of sharing power, he seized a chance to recommend Vice Minister of Personnel Guan Bo as a cultured, steady man who could steady public morals. On the bingchen day Bo was appointed Vice Director of the Secretariat and chief minister. All government business was decided by Qi. Bo and the others sat with hands folded and never assented or objected. Once the emperor discussed policy at ease with his chancellors. Bo disagreed inwardly, rose to speak, and Qi shot him a look that silenced him. Back at the Secretariat, Qi told Bo, "I brought you here because you are upright and keep quiet. Why did you just now open your mouth to speak!" From that day Bo never dared speak again.
76
戊辰，遣都官員外郎河中樊澤使於吐蕃，告以結盟之期。
On the wuchen day Fan Ze of Hexia, Director of Court Ceremonies, was sent as envoy to Tibet to announce the date set for the alliance.
77
丙子，肅王詳薨。
On the bingzi day Prince Su Xiang died.
78
十一月，己卯朔，加淮南節度使陳少游同平章事。
In the eleventh month, on the first day jimao, Huainan commissioner Chen Shaoyou was made a chief minister as well.
79
田悅德朱滔之救，與王武俊議奉滔為主，稱臣事之，滔不可，曰：「愜山之捷，皆大夫二兄之力，滔何敢獨居尊位！」 於是幽州判官李子千、恆冀判官鄭濡等共議：「請與鄆州李大夫為四國，俱稱王而不改年號，如昔諸侯奉周家正朔。 築壇同盟，有不如約者，眾共伐之。 不然，豈得常為叛臣，茫然無主，用兵既無名，有功無官爵為賞，使將吏何所依歸乎！」 滔等皆以為然。 滔乃自稱冀王，田悅稱魏王，王武俊稱趙王，仍請李納稱齊王。 是日，滔等築壇於軍中，告天而受之。 滔為盟主，稱孤； 武俊、悅、納稱寡人。 所居堂曰殿，處分曰令，群下上書曰箋，妻曰妃，長子曰世子。 各以其所治州為府，置留守兼元帥，以軍政委之； 又置東西曹，視門下、中書省； 左右內史，視侍中、中書令； 餘官皆仿天朝而易其名。
Grateful for Zhu Tao's rescue, Tian Yue discussed with Wang Wujun making Tao their sovereign and serving him as vassals. Tao refused, saying, "The victory at Qieshan was won by you two elder brothers, Great Physicians—how could I alone take the highest seat!" Thereupon Youzhou judge Li Ziqian, Heng-Ji judge Zheng Ru, and others jointly proposed: "Let us join Yanzhou's Lord Li as four kingdoms, each take the title of king without changing the reign era, as feudal lords once did under the Zhou calendar. Let us build an altar and swear alliance: whoever breaks the pact, all the rest shall attack him together. Otherwise we remain rebels without a lord forever, fighting wars without a proper name, winning battles with no ranks or rewards to give—what can our officers and clerks look to for their future!" Tao and the others all agreed. Tao styled himself King of Ji, Tian Yue King of Wei, Wang Wujun King of Zhao, and asked Li Na to take the title King of Qi. That day they built an altar in camp, reported to Heaven, and received their investiture. As covenant lord Tao used the royal "I"; Wujun, Yue, and Na used the humbler "this unworthy one." Their halls were called palaces, their orders called commands, subordinates' reports called memorials, their wives consorts, and their eldest sons heirs apparent. Each made his governing prefecture a capital "prefecture," appointed resident deputies who were also marshals, and entrusted military affairs to them; they also set east and west bureaus modeled on the Gate Department and Secretariat; left and right inner secretaries modeled on Attendant-in-chief and Secretariat Director; all other offices copied the imperial court but under new names.
80
武俊以孟華為司禮尚書，華竟不受，嘔血死。 以兵馬使衛常寧為內史監，委以軍事。 常寧謀殺武俊，武俊腰斬之。 武俊遣其將張終葵寇趙州，康日知擊斬之。
Wujun appointed Meng Hua Minister of Rites. Hua refused to serve and died vomiting blood. He made army-and-horse commissioner Wei Changning Director of the Inner Secretariat and entrusted him with military affairs. Changning plotted to assassinate Wujun. Wujun had him cut in two at the waist. Wujun sent his general Zhang Zhongkui to raid Zhaozhou. Kang Rizhi struck back and beheaded him.
81
李希烈帥所部兵三萬徙鎮許州，遣所親詣李納，與謀共襲汴州。 遣使告李勉，云已兼領淄青，欲假道之官。 勉為之治橋、具饌以待之，而嚴為之備。 希烈竟不至，又密與朱滔等交通，納亦數遣遊兵渡汴以迎希烈。 由是東南轉輸者皆不敢由汴渠，自蔡水而上。
Li Xilie led thirty thousand of his own troops to transfer his command to Xuzhou and sent a close associate to Li Na to plot a joint strike on Bianzhou. He sent envoys to Li Mian saying he had been made commissioner of Ziqing as well and wished to pass through on his way to take office. Mian built bridges and laid out a feast to welcome him, but also made strict defensive preparations. Xilie never came. He also communicated secretly with Zhu Tao and the others, and Na repeatedly sent roving troops across the Bian River to meet him. Because of this supply convoys from the southeast dared not use the Bian Canal and went up the Cai River instead.
82
十二月，丁丑，李希烈自稱天下都元帥、太尉、建興王。 時朱滔等與官軍相拒累月，官軍有度支饋糧，諸道益兵，而滔與王武俊孤軍深入，專仰給於田悅，客主日益困弊。 聞李希烈軍勢甚盛，頗怨望，乃相與謀遣使詣許州，勸希烈稱帝，希烈由是自稱天下都元帥。
In the twelfth month, on the dingchou day, Li Xilie styled himself Supreme Commander of All Under Heaven, Grand Marshal, and King of Jianxing. Zhu Tao and his allies had been locked with the imperial armies for months; the court fed its troops through the Revenue Commission and poured in reinforcements from every circuit, while Tao and Wang Wujun, cut off deep in hostile territory, depended entirely on Tian Yue for supplies—both sides wore thinner by the day. When they heard how powerful Li Xilie's forces had become, resentment turned to conspiracy: they would send envoys to Xuzhou to urge him to take the throne—and Xilie thereupon proclaimed himself supreme commander of all the realm.
83
司天少監徐承嗣請更造《建中正元曆》； 從之。
Xu Chengsi, vice director of the Directorate of Astronomy, petitioned to compile a new Jianzhong-Zhengyuan calendar; the emperor approved.