1
資治通鑑第242卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 242
2
【唐紀五十八】起重光赤奮若七月，盡玄黓攝提格，凡一年有奇。
[Tang Records 58] From the seventh month of the Chongguang Chifenruo cycle year through the end of the Xuanq Shetige cycle year, spanning a little more than one year.
3
長慶元年（ 辛丑，公元八二一年）
First year of Changqing ( xinchou, AD 821)
4
秋，七月，甲辰，韋雍出，逢小將策馬沖其前導。 雍命曳下，欲於街中杖之。 河朔軍士不貫受杖，不服。 雍以白弘靖，弘靖命軍虞候系治之。 是夕，士卒連營呼噪作亂，將校不能制，遂入府捨，掠弘靖貨財、婦女，囚弘靖於薊門館，殺幕僚韋雍、張宗元、崔仲卿、鄭塤、都虞候劉操、押牙張抱元。 明日，軍士稍稍自悔，悉詣館謝弘靖，請改心事之，凡三請，弘靖不應，軍士乃相謂曰：「相公無言，是不赦吾曹。 軍中豈可一日無帥！」 乃相與迎舊將朱洄，奉以為留後。 洄，克融之父也，時以疾臥家，自辭老病，請使克融為之，眾從之。 眾以判官張徹長者，不殺。 徹罵曰：「汝何敢反，行且族滅！」 眾共殺之。
In autumn, on the seventh month's jiachen day, Wei Yong was abroad when a junior officer spurred his horse into Yong's advance escort. Yong ordered the man pulled from his horse and meant to have him beaten in the street. The Hebei soldiers were unused to being beaten with the staff and refused to accept it. Yong reported the matter to Zhang Hongjing, who ordered the army adjutant to take the man into custody. That night the troops rioted camp to camp, shouting in revolt until their officers could not restrain them. They stormed the headquarters, looted Hongjing's property and seized his women, shut Hongjing up in the Jimen guesthouse, and killed his staff Wei Yong, Zhang Zongyuan, Cui Zhongqing, Zheng Kun, chief adjutant Liu Cao, and aide Zhang Baoyuan. The next day the troops, beginning to regret their actions, went in a body to the guesthouse to apologize to Hongjing and beg to serve him faithfully again. Three times they asked; Hongjing did not answer. The soldiers then said among themselves, "The Chancellor will not speak — he means not to forgive us. The army cannot go a single day without a commander!" Together they brought back the former general Zhu Hui and installed him as acting military governor. Hui was Kerong's father. Ill at home, he pleaded old age and infirmity and asked that Kerong take the post instead; the troops agreed. Because the judge Zhang Che was respected as a man of integrity, they did not kill him. Che cursed them: "How dare you rebel — your whole clan will soon be wiped out!" The mob then killed him.
5
壬子，群臣上尊號曰文武孝德皇帝。 赦天下。
On the renzi day the court presented the honorific title Emperor Wenwu Xiaode. A general amnesty was proclaimed.
6
甲寅，幽州監軍奏軍亂。 丁巳，貶張弘靖為賓客、分司。 己未，再貶吉州刺史。 庚申，以昭義節度使劉悟為盧龍節度使。 悟以朱克融方強，奏請「且授克融節鉞，徐圖之。」 乃復以悟為昭義節度使。
On the jiayin day the Youzhou army supervisor reported a military mutiny. On the dingsi day Zhang Hongjing was demoted to honorary attendant of the heir apparent with a branch-office post. On the jiwei day he was demoted again, to prefect of Jizhou. On the gengshen day Liu Wu, military governor of Zhaoyi, was appointed military governor of Lulong. Because Zhu Kerong was then at the height of his power, Wu memorialized, "Grant Kerong the command baton for now and work against him gradually." Wu was then restored to his post as military governor of Zhaoyi.
7
辛酉，太和公主發長安。
On the xinyou day Princess Taihe set out from Chang'an.
8
初，田弘正受詔鎮成德，自以久與鎮人戰，有父兄之仇，乃以魏兵二千從赴鎮，因留以自衛，奏請度支供其糧賜。 戶部侍郎、判度支崔倰，性剛褊，無遠慮，以為魏、鎮各自有兵，恐開事例，不肯給。 弘正四上表，不報； 不得已，遣魏兵歸。 倰，沔之孫也。 弘正厚於骨肉，兄弟子侄在兩都者數十人，競為侈靡，日費約二十萬，弘正輦魏、鎮之貨以供之，相屬於道。 河北將士頗不平。 詔以錢百萬緡賜成德軍，度支輦運不時至，軍士益不悅。 都知兵馬使王庭湊，本回鶻阿布思之種也，性果悍陰狡，潛謀作亂，每抉其細故以激怒之，尚以魏兵故，不敢發。 及魏兵去，壬戌夜，庭湊結牙兵噪於府署，殺弘正及僚佐、元從將吏並家屬三百餘人。 庭水奏自稱留後，逼監軍宋惟澄奏求節鉞。 八月，癸巳，惟澄以聞，朝廷震駭。 崔倰於崔植為再從兄，故時人莫敢言其罪。 初，朝廷易置魏、鎮帥臣，左金吾將軍楊元卿上言，以為非便，又詣宰相深陳利害。 及鎮州亂，上賜元卿白玉帶。 辛未，以元卿為涇原節度使。
When Tian Hongzheng first received orders to take command of Chengde, he knew he had fought the locals for years and that many bore the blood-debts of fathers and brothers. He took two thousand Wei troops with him to the post and kept them as a personal guard, asking the treasury to pay their rations and rewards. Cui Tong, vice minister of revenue and acting treasury director, was rigid and shortsighted. He argued that Wei and Zhen each already had their own armies and that paying Hongzheng's guard would set a bad precedent, and he refused. Hongzheng submitted four memorials without reply; and with no alternative sent the Wei troops home. Tong was a grandson of Cui Mian. Hongzheng indulged his kin lavishly. Dozens of brothers, sons, and nephews in the two capitals competed in extravagance, spending roughly two hundred thousand cash a day. Hongzheng shipped goods from Wei and Zhen to sustain them, convoys unending on the roads. The Hebei officers and soldiers were deeply resentful. The court granted the Chengde army one million strings of cash, but treasury deliveries did not arrive on schedule, and the troops grew still angrier. Wang Tingcou, chief army commander, was descended from the Uyghur chieftain Abusi. Bold, brutal, and secretly cunning, he plotted rebellion and constantly harped on petty grievances to inflame the troops, but he still held back while the Wei guard remained. Once the Wei troops were gone, on the night of the renxu day Tingcou rallied the guard troops in a riot at headquarters and killed Hongzheng, his staff, his longtime officers, and their families — more than three hundred people in all. Tingcou memorialized declaring himself acting military governor and forced army supervisor Song Weicheng to request the command baton on his behalf. In the eighth month, on the guisi day, Weicheng reported the news, and the court was shaken. Because Cui Tong was a distant cousin of Chancellor Cui Zhi, no one at court dared speak of his responsibility. When the court had first replaced the Wei and Zhen commanders, Left Golden Crow general Yang Yuanqing had warned that the move was unwise and had gone in person to the chancellors to explain the risks at length. When Zhenzhou rebelled, the emperor rewarded Yuanqing with a white jade belt. On the xinwei day Yuanqing was appointed military governor of Jingyuan.
9
瀛莫將士家屬多在幽州，壬申，莫州都虞候張良佐潛引朱克融兵入城，刺史吳暉不知所在。
Because the families of Ying and Mo troops were mostly held in Youzhou, on the renshen day Mozhou chief adjutant Zhang Liangzuo secretly admitted Zhu Kerong's troops into the city; Prefect Wu Hui could not be found.
10
癸酉，王庭湊遣人殺冀州刺史王進岌，分兵據其州。
On the guiyou day Wang Tingcou had Jizhou prefect Wang Jinji killed and sent detachments to occupy the prefecture.
11
魏博節度使李愬聞田弘正遇害，素服令將士曰：「魏人所以得通聖化，至今安寧富樂者，田公之力也。 今鎮人不道，輒敢害之，是輕魏以為無人也。 諸君受田公恩，宜如何報之？」 眾皆慟哭。 深州刺史牛元翼，成德良將也，愬使以寶劍、玉帶遺之，曰：「昔吾先人以此劍創立大勳，吾又以之平蔡州，今以授公，努力翦庭湊！」 元翼以劍，帶徇於軍，報曰：「願盡死！」 愬將出兵，會疾作，不果。 元翼，趙州人也。
When Li Su, military governor of Weibo, heard that Tian Hongzheng had been murdered, he put on mourning dress and told his troops, "It was Lord Tian who brought the Wei people under the court's civilizing rule and kept them safe and prosperous until now. Now the Chengde men, abandoning all decency, have dared to kill him — as if they thought Wei had no one left to answer. You have all received Lord Tian's kindness — how will you repay it?" The men all broke into bitter weeping. Niu Yuanji of Shenzhou was one of Chengde's best generals. Su sent him a treasured sword and jade belt, saying, "My forebear won his greatest glory with this sword; I used it to pacify Caizhou. I give them to you now — bring down Tingcou!" Yuanji paraded the sword and belt before his troops and answered, "I will fight to the death!" Su was about to march out when illness struck him, and the campaign never took place. Yuanji was a native of Zhaozhou.
12
乙亥，起復前涇原節度使田布為魏博節度使，令乘驛之鎮。 布固辭不獲，與妻子賓客訣曰：「吾不還矣！」 悉屏去旌節導從而行，未至魏州三十里，被發徒跣，號哭而入，居於堊室。 月俸千緡，一無所取，賣舊產，得錢十餘萬緡，皆以頒士卒，舊將老者兄事之。
On the yihai day Tian Bu, former military governor of Jingyuan, was recalled from mourning to take command of Weibo and ordered to ride post-horses to his post. Bu tried hard to decline but could not. Taking leave of wife, children, and guests, he said, "I will not come back." He left behind every banner, insignia, and escort. Thirty li short of Weizhou he let his hair down, went barefoot, and entered the city wailing; he lodged in a rough plasterless mourning hut. He took none of his thousand-string monthly salary, sold his old estates for more than a hundred thousand strings, and gave it all to the troops. Veteran officers he honored like elder brothers.
13
丙子，瀛州軍亂，執觀察使盧士玫及監軍僚佐送幽州，囚於客館。
On the bingzi day the Yingzhou troops mutinied, seized observation commissioner Lu Shimei and the army supervisor's staff, sent them to Youzhou, and held them in a guesthouse.
14
王庭湊遣其將王立攻深州，不克。
Wang Tingcou sent his general Wang Li against Shenzhou but failed to capture it.
15
丁丑，詔魏博、橫海、昭義、河東、義武諸軍各出兵臨成德之境，若王庭湊執迷不復，宜即進討。 成德大將王儉等五人謀殺王庭湊，事洩，並部兵三千人皆死。
On the dingchou day an edict ordered Weibo, Henghai, Zhaoyi, Hedong, and Yiwu each to march to the Chengde frontier. If Wang Tingcou refused to repent, they were to attack immediately. Five Chengde senior generals, including Wang Jian, plotted to kill Wang Tingcou; when the plot leaked, they and their three thousand troops were all executed.
16
己卯，以深州刺史牛元翼為深冀節度使。 丁亥，以殿中侍御史溫造為起居舍人，充鎮州四面諸軍宣慰使，歷澤潞、河東、魏博、橫海、深冀、易定等道，諭以軍期。 造，大雅之五世孫也。 己丑，以裴度為幽、鎮兩道招撫使。
On the jimao day Niu Yuanji, prefect of Shenzhou, was appointed military governor of Shen-Ji. On the dinghai day censor Wen Zao was made palace recorder and appointed pacification commissioner for the armies surrounding Zhenzhou. He toured Zelu, Hedong, Weibo, Henghai, Shen-Ji, Yiding, and other circuits to set the campaign timetable. Zao was a fifth-generation descendant of Wen Daya. On the jichou day Pei Du was appointed commissioner to win over the You and Zhen circuits.
17
癸已，王庭湊引幽州兵圍深州。
On the guisi day Wang Tingcou brought Youzhou troops to besiege Shenzhou.
18
九月，乙已，相州軍亂，殺刺史邢濋。
In the ninth month, on the yisi day, the Xiangzhou troops mutinied and killed prefect Xing Li.
19
吐蕃遣其禮部尚書論訥羅來求盟。 庚戌，以大理卿劉元鼎為吐蕃會盟使。
Tibet sent its minister of rites Lun Neluo to seek a treaty alliance. On the gengxu day chief justice Liu Yuanding was appointed envoy to negotiate the Tibetan alliance.
20
壬子，朱克融焚掠易州、淶水、遂城、滿城。
On the renzi day Zhu Kerong burned and looted Yizhou, Laishui, Suicheng, and Mancheng.
21
自定兩稅法以來，錢日重，物日輕，民所輸三倍其初，詔百官議革其弊。 戶部尚書楊於陵以為：「錢者所以權百貨，留遷有無，所宜流散，不應蓄聚。 今稅百姓錢藏之公府。 又，開元中天下鑄錢七十餘爐，歲入百萬，今才十餘爐，歲入十五萬，又積於商賈之室及流入四夷。 又，大歷以前淄青、太原、魏博貿易雜用鉛鐵，嶺南雜用金、銀、丹砂、象齒，今一用錢。 如此，則錢焉得不重，物焉得不輕！ 今宜使天下輸稅課者皆用谷、帛，廣鑄錢而禁滯積及出塞者，則錢日滋矣。」 朝廷從之，始令兩稅皆輸布、絲、纊； 獨鹽、酒課用錢。
Since the two-tax system was established, money had grown steadily scarcer and goods cheaper, until the people's payments were three times what they had been at first. The emperor ordered the officials to debate how to remedy the abuse. Minister of Revenue Yang Yuling argued, "Money exists to balance trade and move goods between surplus and shortage. It should circulate freely, not be hoarded. Yet we tax the people in cash and lock it in government treasuries. Under Kaiyuan there were more than seventy mints nationwide, producing a million strings a year; today there are barely a dozen, yielding only a hundred fifty thousand, while coin piles up in merchants' vaults and drains into foreign lands. Before Dali, Ziqing, Taiyuan, and Weibo still traded partly in lead and iron, and Lingnan in gold, silver, cinnabar, and ivory; now everything is paid in coin alone. Under these conditions, how could money not grow scarce and goods not grow cheap! We should require tax payments in grain and cloth, expand minting, and forbid hoarding and export beyond the frontier — then the supply of coin would steadily recover." The court adopted his plan and ordered the two-tax levies paid in cloth, silk, and floss; only the salt and wine levies remained payable in cash.
22
冬，十月，丙寅，以鹽鐵轉運使、刑部尚書王播為中書侍郎、同平章事，使職如故。 播為相，專以承迎為事，未嘗言國家安危。
In winter, the tenth month, on the bingyin day Wang Bo, salt-and-iron transport commissioner and minister of justice, was appointed vice director of the Secretariat and fellow chancellor while retaining his transport post. As chancellor, Bo devoted himself entirely to flattery and never spoke of the empire's safety or peril.
23
以裴度為鎮州四面行營都招討使。 左領軍大將軍杜叔良，以善事權幸得進； 時幽、鎮兵勢方盛，諸道兵未敢進，上欲功速成，宦官薦叔良，以為深州諸道行營節度使。 以牛元翼為成德節度使。
Pei Du was appointed supreme commander of the campaign armies surrounding Zhenzhou. Du Shuliang, great general of the Left Palace Guards, had risen by currying favor with powerful eunuchs; while You and Zhen were at the height of their power and allied armies hesitated to advance. Wanting a quick victory, the emperor accepted eunuchs' recommendation of Shuliang and made him military governor of the multi-circuit campaign at Shenzhou. Niu Yuanji was appointed military governor of Chengde.
24
癸酉，命宰相及大臣凡十七人與吐蕃論訥羅盟於城西。 遣劉元鼎與訥羅入吐蕃，亦與其宰相以下盟。
On the guiyou day the emperor ordered seventeen chancellors and senior ministers to conclude the alliance with Tibet's Lun Neluo west of the city. Liu Yuanding was sent with Neluo into Tibet to conclude a matching alliance with the Tibetan chancellors and their subordinates.
25
乙亥，以沂州刺史王智興為武寧節度副使。 先是，副使皆以文吏為之，上聞智興有勇略，欲用之於河北，故是以寵之。
On the yihai day Wang Zhixing, prefect of Yizhou, was appointed deputy military governor of Wuning. Deputy governors had always been civil officials. Hearing that Zhixing was bold and resourceful and intending to use him in Hebei, the emperor singled him out for this honor.
26
丁丑，裴度自將兵出承天軍故關以討王庭湊。
On the dingchou day Pei Du personally led troops through the old Chengtian Army pass to attack Wang Tingcou.
27
朱克融遣兵寇蔚州。
Zhu Kerong sent troops to raid Weizhou.
28
戊寅，王庭湊遣兵寇貝州。
On the wuyin day Wang Tingcou sent troops to raid Beizhou.
29
己卯，易州刺史柳公濟敗幽州兵於白石嶺，殺千餘人。
On the jimao day Yizhou prefect Liu Gongji routed Youzhou troops at Baishi Ridge, killing more than a thousand.
30
庚辰，橫海軍節度使烏重胤奏敗成德兵於饒陽。
On the gengchen day Henghai military governor Wu Chongyin reported defeating Chengde troops at Raoyang.
31
辛巳，魏博節度使田布將全軍三萬人討王庭湊，屯於南宮之南，拔其二柵。
On the xinsi day Weibo military governor Tian Bu led his full force of thirty thousand against Wang Tingcou, camped south of Nangong, and captured two enemy stockades.
32
翰林學士元稹與知樞密魏弘簡深相結，求為宰相，由是有寵於上，每事咨訪焉。 稹無怨於裴度，但以度先達重望，恐其復有功大用，妨己進取，故度所奏畫軍事，多與弘簡從中沮壞之。 度乃上表極陳其朋比奸蠹之狀，以為：「逆豎構亂，震驚山東，奸臣作朋，撓敗國政。 陛下欲掃蕩幽、鎮，先宜肅清朝廷。 何者？ 為患有大小，議事有先後。 河朔逆賊，只亂山東； 禁闈奸臣，必亂天下； 是則河朔患小，禁闈患大。 小者臣與諸將必能翦滅，大者非陛下覺寤制斷無以驅除。 今文武百寮，中外萬品，有心者無不憤忿，有口者無不咨嗟，直以獎用方深，不敢抵觸，恐事未行而禍已及，不為國計，且為身謀。 臣自兵興以來，所陳章疏，事皆要切，所奉書詔，多有參差，蒙陛下委付之意不輕，遭奸臣抑損之事不少。 臣素與佞幸亦無仇嫌，正以臣前請乘傳詣闕，面陳軍事，奸臣最所畏憚，恐臣發其過惡，百計止臣。 臣又請與諸軍齊進，隨便攻討，奸臣恐臣或有成功，曲加阻礙，逗遛日時。 進退皆受羈牽，意見悉遭蔽塞。 但欲令臣失所，臣無成，則天下理亂，山東勝負，悉不顧矣。 為臣事君，一至於此！ 若朝中奸臣盡去，則河朔逆賊不討自平； 若朝中奸臣尚存，則逆賊縱平無益。 陛下倘未信臣言，乞出臣表，使百官集議，彼不受責，臣當伏辜。」 表三上，上雖不悅，以度大臣，不得已，癸未，以弘簡為弓箭庫使，稹為工部侍郎。 稹雖解翰林，恩遇如故。
Hanlin academician Yuan Zhen and palace secretariat director Wei Hongjian were closely allied in a bid for the chancellorship. They won the emperor's favor and were consulted on nearly every matter. Zhen bore Du no personal grudge, but Du's senior standing and prestige made Zhen fear that fresh military success would block his own rise. Zhen and Hongjian therefore repeatedly sabotaged Du's campaign proposals. Du then memorialized at length on their factional corruption, writing, "Rebel leaders have thrown Shandong into turmoil, while treacherous ministers form cliques that sabotage the government. If Your Majesty means to pacify You and Zhen, you must first put the court in order. Why? Threats differ in scale, and policy must be sequenced. The Hebei rebels trouble only the east; court favorites at the palace gates will surely throw the realm into chaos; thus the Hebei problem is the lesser threat; corruption at court is the greater. The lesser threat your servant and the generals can surely crush; the greater cannot be removed unless Your Majesty awakens and acts decisively. Today every official at court and across the empire who cares is furious; everyone who can speak sighs with anger. Yet those in favor dare not oppose the favored, fearing retribution before any reform succeeds—they look to their own safety, not the realm's. Since the war began, every memorial I submitted addressed urgent matters, yet the orders I received often contradicted one another. Your Majesty entrusted me heavily, but treacherous ministers obstructed me time and again. I bear the flatterers no personal grudge. They dread above all my request to come to court by fast courier and report on the war in person, lest I expose their crimes; they used every device to stop me. I also asked to advance in concert with the other armies and strike wherever opportunity offered. The flatterers feared I might succeed and deliberately obstructed me, dragging out day after day. My every move was tied down; every suggestion was blocked. They cared only to see me fail; once I could not succeed, they cared nothing for the realm's order or Shandong's outcome. This is what service to one's sovereign has come to! If the court traitors were all removed, the Hebei rebels would submit without a campaign; if they remained, pacifying the rebels would do no good. If Your Majesty still doubts me, publish my memorial for the full court to debate. If I am wrong, I will accept punishment." He submitted the memorial three times. The emperor was displeased but, considering Du a senior minister, yielded; on guimao day he made Xiao Hongjian commissioner of the bow-and-arrow storehouse and Yuan Zhen vice minister of works. Though Yuan Zhen left the Hanlin Academy, imperial favor toward him was unchanged.
33
宿州刺史李直臣坐贓當死，宦官受其賂，為之請，御史中丞牛僧孺固請誅之。 上曰：「直臣有才，可惜！」 僧孺對曰：「彼不才者，無過溫衣飽食以足妻子，安足慮！ 本設法令，所以擒制有才之人。 安祿山、朱泚皆才過於人，法不能制者也。」 上從之。
Li Zhichen, prefect of Suzhou, was convicted of embezzlement and sentenced to death. Eunuchs who had taken bribes pleaded for him, but Vice Censor-in-Chief Niu Sengru insisted he be executed. The emperor said, "Zhichen has talent. It would be a waste!" Niu replied, "Men without talent need only warm clothes and full bellies for their families. Why worry about them! Laws exist precisely to restrain men of talent. An Lushan and Zhu Ci were both gifted beyond ordinary men—men the law could not hold." The emperor agreed.
34
橫海節度使烏重胤將全軍救深州，諸軍倚重胤獨當幽、鎮東南，重胤宿將，知賊未可破，按兵觀釁。 上怒，丙戌，以杜叔良為橫海節度使，徙重胤為山南西道節度使。
Wu Chongyin, military governor of Henghai, marched his entire force to relieve Shen Prefecture. The allied armies counted on him to hold the southeast against You and Zhen. A veteran, Chongyin knew the rebels could not yet be crushed and held back to watch for an opening. The emperor was furious. On bingxu day he appointed Du Shuliang military governor of Henghai and transferred Chongyin to Southwest Mountain Circuit.
35
靈武節度使李進誠奏敗吐蕃三千騎於大石山下。
Li Jincheng, military governor of Lingwu, reported defeating three thousand Tibetan horsemen below Great Stone Mountain.
36
十一月，辛酉，淄青節度使薛平奏突將馬廷崟作亂，伏誅。 時幽、鎮兵攻棣州，平遣大將李叔佐將兵救之。 刺史王稷供饋稍薄，軍士怨怒，宵潰，推廷崟為主，行且收兵至七千餘人，逕逼青州。 城中兵少，不敵，平悉發府庫及家財召募，得精兵二千人，逆戰，大破之，斬廷崟，其黨死者數千人。 橫海節度使杜叔良將諸道兵與鎮人戰，遇敵輒北。 鎮人知其無勇，常先犯之。 十二月，庚午，監軍謝良通奏叔良大敗於博野，失亡七千餘人。 叔良脫身還營，喪其旌節。
In the eleventh month, on xinyou day, Xue Ping, military governor of Ziqing, reported that assault officer Ma Tingyun had mutinied and been executed. You and Zhen forces were besieging Di Prefecture. Xue sent the general Li Shuzuo with troops to relieve it. The prefect Wang Ji provided scant rations. The troops mutinied at night and made Tingyun their leader. As they marched they swelled to more than seven thousand and drove straight on Qing Prefecture. Qing Prefecture had too few defenders to resist. Xue emptied the treasury and his private fortune to raise two thousand elite troops, met them in battle, and routed them. Tingyun was beheaded and thousands of his followers were killed. Du Shuliang of Henghai led coalition troops against the Zhen rebels; whenever they met the enemy they fled north. The rebels knew he lacked courage and usually struck him first. In the twelfth month, on gengwu day, the army supervisor Xie Liangtong reported that Shuliang had been routed at Boye with losses exceeding seven thousand. Shuliang fled back to camp alive but lost his command insignia.
37
丁丑，義武節度使陳楚奏敗朱克融兵於望都及北平，斬獲萬餘人。
On dingchou day Chen Chu of Yiwu reported defeating Zhu Kerong's forces at Wangdu and Beiping, killing and capturing more than ten thousand.
38
戊寅，以鳳翔節度使李光顏為忠武節度使、兼深州行營節度使，代杜叔良。
On wuyin day Li Guangyan, military governor of Fengxiang, was named military governor of Zhongwu and field commander at Shen Prefecture, replacing Du Shuliang.
39
自憲宗征伐四方，國用已虛，上即位，賞賜左右及宿衛諸軍無節，及幽、鎮用兵久無功，府藏空竭，勢不能支。 執政乃議：「王庭湊殺田弘正而朱克融全張弘靖，罪有重輕，請赦克融，專討庭湊。」 上從之。 乙酉，以朱克融為平盧節度使。
Since Xianzong's campaigns the treasury was already drained. The new emperor lavished gifts on his attendants and the palace guards without limit. The long war against You and Zhen had produced no victory; the coffers were empty and the state could no longer sustain the effort. The chief ministers proposed, "Wang Tingzong murdered Tian Hongzheng, but Zhu Kerong spared Zhang Hongjing. Their crimes differ in weight. Pardon Kerong and concentrate on Tingzong alone." The emperor agreed. On yiyou day Zhu Kerong was appointed military governor of Pinglu.
40
戊子，義武奏破莫州清源等三柵，斬獲千餘人。
On wuzi day Yiwu reported capturing three fortified camps at Qingyuan in Mo Prefecture, with more than a thousand killed or taken.
41
長慶二年（ 壬寅，公元八二二年）
The second year of Changqing ( renyin, CE 822)
42
春，正月，丁酉，幽州兵陷弓高。 先是，弓高守備甚嚴，有中使夜至，守將不內，旦，乃得入，中使大詬怒。 賊諜知之，他日，偽遣人為中使，投夜至城下，守將遽內之，賊眾隨之，遂陷弓高。 又圍下博。 中書舍人白居易上言，以為：「自幽、鎮逆命，朝廷征諸道兵，計十七八萬，四面攻圍，已逾半年，王師無功，賊勢猶盛。 弓高既陷，糧道不通，下博、深州，饑窮日急。 蓋由節將太眾，其心不齊，莫肯率先，遞相顧望。 又，朝廷賞罰，近日不行，未立功者或已拜官，已敗衄者不聞得罪。 既無懲勸，以至遷延，若不改張，必無所望。 請令李光顏將諸道勁兵約三四萬人從東速進，開弓高糧路，合下博諸軍解深、邢重圍，與元翼合勢。 令裴度將太原全軍兼招討舊職，西面壓境，觀釁而動。 若乘虛得便，即令同力翦除； 若戰勝賊窮，亦許受降納款。 如此，則夾攻以分其力，招諭以動其心，必未及誅夷，自生變故。 又請詔光顏選諸道兵精銳者留之，其餘不可用者悉遣歸本道，自守土疆。 蓋兵多而不精，豈唯虛費資糧，兼恐撓敗軍陳故也。 今既只留東西二帥，請各置都監一人，諸道監軍，一時停罷。 如此，則眾齊令一，必有成功。 又，朝廷本用田布，令報父仇，今領全師出界，供給度支，數月已來，都不進討，非田布固欲如此，抑有其由。 聞魏博一軍，屢經優賞，兵驕將富，莫肯為用。 況其軍一月之費，計實錢二十八萬緡，若更遷延，將何供給？ 此尤宜早令退軍者也。 若兩道止共留兵六萬，所費無多，既易支持，自然豐足。 今事宜日急，其間變故遠不可知。 苟兵數不抽，軍費不減，食既不足，眾何以安！ 不安之中，何事不有！ 況有司迫於供軍，百端斂率，不許即用度交闕，盡許則人心無憀。 自古安危皆繫於此，伏乞聖慮察而念之。」 疏奏，不省。 己亥，度支饋滄州糧車六百乘，至下博，盡為成德軍所掠。 時諸軍匱乏，供軍院所運衣糧，往往不得至院，在塗為諸軍邀奪，其懸軍深入者，皆凍餒無所得。
In spring, the first month, on dingyou day, Youzhou forces captured Gonggao. Earlier the garrison at Gonggao had been on strict alert. When an imperial messenger arrived at night, the commander refused entry until dawn. The messenger berated him furiously. Rebel scouts learned of this. On another night they sent men disguised as imperial messengers. The commander admitted them at once; rebel troops followed and took the city. They also besieged Xiabo. Bai Juyi, drafting attendant at the Secretariat, memorialized, "Since You and Zhen rebelled, the court has raised some 170,000 to 180,000 troops from the circuits. For more than half a year they have besieged the rebels from four sides, yet our armies have achieved nothing while rebel strength remains high. With Gonggao lost, supply lines are cut. Xiabo and Shen Prefecture grow hungrier and more desperate by the day. This is because there are too many commanders, their hearts are not united, and none will lead—each waits on the others. Moreover, rewards and punishments are no longer enforced. Men who have not won battles are promoted, while those who have been defeated go unpunished. Without discipline or incentive, delay is inevitable. Unless we change course, there is no hope. I ask that Li Guangyan lead some 30,000 to 40,000 elite troops from the eastern circuits in a rapid advance to reopen the Gonggao supply route, unite with the Xiabo forces to lift the sieges of Shen and Xing, and join strength with Niu Yuanyi. Order Pei Du to lead the full Taiyuan army with his former pacification title, press the western frontier, and strike when opportunity appears. If he finds an opening, let both armies strike together; and if the rebels are beaten and cornered, permit them to surrender. A pincer would divide their strength; offers of clemency would shake their resolve. Before we had to exterminate them, they would turn on one another. I also ask that Guangyan keep the best troops from each circuit and send the rest home to defend their own territories. Large but undisciplined armies waste supplies and disrupt the battle line. With only the eastern and western commanders left in place, appoint one chief overseer for each and suspend all the circuit army supervisors at once. Then command would be unified and success assured. Furthermore, the court appointed Tian Bu to avenge his father's murder, yet for months his entire army has drawn imperial supplies beyond its borders without advancing. This is not simply Bu's choice; there are reasons. I hear the Weibo army has been lavishly rewarded until the troops are insolent and the generals rich; they refuse to obey. A single month costs them 280,000 strings of cash. How long can the treasury sustain that? They should be ordered home as soon as possible. If the two field commands kept only 60,000 men between them, costs would be manageable and supplies ample. The crisis grows more urgent daily; unforeseen turns may lie ahead. If troop numbers are not cut and expenses are not reduced, when food runs short, how will the men stay loyal? In unrest, anything can happen! Officials under pressure to feed the armies levy taxes by every possible means, refusing to spend current revenue on shortfalls. If they take everything, the people will have nothing left to live on. The fate of dynasties has always hinged on such matters. I beg Your Majesty to weigh them carefully." The memorial was submitted and ignored. On jihai day the Revenue Bureau sent six hundred grain carts to Cangzhou. At Xiabo the entire convoy was seized by the Chengde army. The allied armies were starving. Supplies from the commissary often never reached headquarters; en route other units seized them. Troops deep in enemy territory froze and starved without relief.
43
初，田布從其父弘正在魏，善視牙將史憲誠，屢稱薦，至右職。 及為節度使，遂寄以腹心，以為先鋒兵馬使，軍中精銳，悉以委之。 憲誠之先，奚人也，世為魏將。 魏與幽、鎮本相表裡，及幽、鎮叛，魏人固搖心。 布以魏兵討鎮，軍於南宮，上屢遣中使督戰，而將士驕惰，無鬥志，又屬大雪，度支饋運不繼。 布發六州租賦以供軍，將士不悅，曰：「故事，軍出境，皆給朝廷。 今尚書刮六州肌肉以奉軍，雖尚書瘠己肥國，六州之人何罪乎！」 憲誠陰蓄異志，因眾心不悅，離間鼓扇之。 會有詔分魏博軍與李光顏，使救深州。 庚子，布軍大潰，多歸憲誠，布獨與中軍八千人還魏。 壬寅，至魏州。 癸卯，布復召諸將議出兵，諸將益偃蹇，曰：「尚書能行河朔舊事，則死生以之。 若使復戰，則不能也！」 布無如之何，歎曰：「功不成矣！」 即日，作遺表具其狀，略曰：「臣觀眾意，終負國恩。 臣既無功，敢忘即死。 伏願陛下速救光顏、元翼，不然者，義士忠臣皆為河朔屠害矣！」 奉表號器，拜授幕僚李石，乃入啟父靈，抽刀而言曰：「上以謝君父，下以示三軍。」 遂刺心而死。 憲誠聞布已死，乃諭其眾，遵河北舊事。 眾悅，擁憲誠還魏，奉為留後。 戊申，魏州奏布自殺。 己酉，以憲誠為魏博節度使。 憲誠雖喜得旄鉞，外奉朝廷，然內實與幽、鎮連結。
Earlier, when Tian Bu had served with his father Hongzheng in Weibo, he had favored the guards officer Shi Xiancheng, repeatedly commended him, and advanced him to senior rank. As military governor Bu entrusted him completely, making him vanguard commander and giving him all the army's elite troops. Xiancheng's people were Xianbei; his family had served Weibo as generals for generations. Weibo and You-Zhen had long been allies. When they rebelled, Weibo's soldiers were bound to waver. Bu led Weibo troops against Zhen and camped at Nangong. The emperor repeatedly sent eunuchs to urge battle, but the troops were arrogant and unwilling to fight. Heavy snow interrupted supply convoys. Bu levied the six prefectures' taxes to feed the army. The troops protested, "By custom, when armies leave the circuit, the court pays their costs. Now the Governor-in-Chief strips our six prefectures to the bone for the army. Even if he starves himself to enrich the state, what crime did the six prefectures commit!" Xiancheng harbored his own designs and exploited their discontent to sow division. An edict then ordered part of the Weibo army transferred to Li Guangyan to relieve Shen Prefecture. On gengzi day Bu's army disintegrated. Most troops went over to Xiancheng. Bu fled back to Wei with only eight thousand men of his central command. On renyin day he reached Wei Prefecture. On guimao day Bu again called his generals to discuss campaigning. They grew more defiant and said, "If the Governor-in-Chief will restore the old Hebei ways, we will follow him to death. But if he means to fight again, we cannot." Bu was helpless and sighed, "Success is impossible!" That day he wrote a final memorial outlining his situation, saying, "I see my troops will ultimately betray the dynasty. Having failed, I dare not linger alive. I beg Your Majesty to rescue Guangyan and Yuanyi quickly, or loyal men throughout Hebei will be slaughtered!" He submitted the memorial with cries of grief and handed it to his aide Li Shi. He entered his father's shrine, drew his sword, and said, "Above, to repay my sovereign and father; below, to show the army." Then he drove the blade into his heart and died. When Xiancheng learned Bu was dead, he told the troops to restore the old Hebei ways. The soldiers were pleased, escorted Xiancheng back to Wei, and acclaimed him acting military governor. On wushen day Wei Prefecture reported that Bu had taken his own life. On jiyou day Shi Xiancheng was appointed military governor of Weibo. Though pleased to receive the commission, he outwardly obeyed the court while secretly allying with You and Zhen.
44
庚戌，以德州刺史王日簡為橫海節度使。 日簡，本成德牙將也。 壬子，貶杜叔良為歸州刺史。
On gengxu day Wang Rijian, prefect of De Prefecture, was named military governor of Henghai. Rijian had been a guards officer under Chengde. On renzi day Du Shuliang was demoted to prefect of Gui Prefecture.
45
王庭湊圍牛元翼於深州，官軍三面救之，皆以乏糧不能進。 雖李光顏亦閉壁自守而已。 軍士自采薪芻，日給不過陳米一勺。 深州圍益急，朝廷不得已，二月，甲子，以庭湊為成德節度使，軍中將士官爵皆復其舊； 以兵部侍郎韓愈為宣慰使。
Wang Tingzong besieged Niu Yuanyi at Shen Prefecture. Relief forces approached from three sides but, lacking grain, could not advance. Even Li Guangyan could do no more than hold his walls and sit tight. The troops gathered their own firewood and fodder; their daily ration was a single ladle of stale rice. As the siege of Shen Prefecture tightened and the court saw no alternative, in the second month, on jiazi day, Wang Tingcou was appointed military commissioner of Chengde and every officer in his army had rank and titles restored. Han Yu, vice minister of war, was sent as imperial commissioner to console and reassure the troops.
46
上之初即位也，兩河略定，蕭俛、段文昌以為「天下已太平，漸宜消兵，請密詔天下，軍鎮有兵處，每歲百人之中限八人逃、死。」 上方荒宴，不以國事為意，遂可其奏。 軍士落籍者眾，皆聚山澤為盜。 及朱克融、王庭湊作亂，一呼而亡卒皆集。 詔征諸道兵討之，諸道兵既少，皆臨時召募，烏合之眾。 又，諸節度既有監軍，其領偏師者亦置中使監陳，主將不得專號令，戰小勝則飛驛奏捷，自以為功，不勝則迫脅主將，以罪歸之。 悉擇軍中驍勇以自衛，遣贏懦者就戰，故每戰多敗。 又凡用兵，舉動皆自禁中授以方略，朝令夕改，不知所從。 不度可否，惟督令速戰。 中使道路如織，驛馬不足，掠行人馬以繼之，人不敢由驛路行。 故雖以諸道十五萬之眾，裴度元臣宿望，烏重胤、李光顏皆當時名將，討幽、鎮萬餘之眾，屯守逾年，竟無成功，財竭力盡。
“Early in his reign, with the Two Rivers largely subdued, Xiao Fu and Duan Wenchang argued that the empire was at peace and arms should be reduced. They asked for a secret decree to all circuits: wherever garrison troops were stationed, each circuit might annually strike from its rolls eight men per hundred—whether by desertion or death.” The emperor, absorbed in lavish revelry and heedless of affairs of state, approved the proposal. Vast numbers of discharged soldiers drifted into the hills and marshes and turned to banditry. When Zhu Kerong and Wang Tingcou rebelled, a single summons rallied every discharged soldier in the region. The court ordered armies from every circuit to suppress them, but those forces were thin; most men were pressed into service on the spot—a ragtag host. Moreover, every circuit army already had a palace eunuch as supervisor; commanders of detached columns had eunuch overseers as well, so field generals could not command freely. After a minor success the eunuchs galloped off courier relays to claim credit; after a defeat they browbeat the general and shifted guilt onto him. They kept the army's best fighters for their own bodyguards and sent the weak and timid into battle—hence defeat after defeat. Every campaign move was dictated by strategy from the palace; orders shifted from day to day until no one knew what to obey. No one weighed whether action was feasible—only harried the armies to fight at once. Eunuch envoys thronged the highways like threads in a loom; when post horses ran short they seized mounts from wayfarers, so travelers dared not use the imperial roads. Thus one hundred fifty thousand men from every circuit, led by the veteran statesman Pei Du and the renowned generals Wu Chongyin and Li Guangyan, besieged fewer than ten thousand rebels in You and Zhen for more than a year without victory, until the treasury was drained and the armies spent.
47
崔植、杜元穎、王播為相，皆庸才，無遠略。 史憲誠既逼殺田布，朝廷不能討，遂並朱克融、王庭湊以節鉞授之。 由是再失河朔，訖於唐亡，不能復取。 朱克融既得旌節，乃出張弘靖及盧士玫。
Chancellors Cui Zhi, Du Yuanying, and Wang Bo were mediocrities, devoid of long-range vision. After Shi Xiancheng had forced Tian Bu to his death and the court lacked the strength to punish him, it likewise invested Zhu Kerong and Wang Tingcou with the commissioner's seal. Hebei was thus lost a second time and would not be recovered before the dynasty fell. Once Zhu Kerong held his commission, he released Zhang Hongjing and Lu Shimei.
48
丙寅，以牛元翼為山南東道節度使，以左神策行營樂壽鎮兵馬使清河傅良弼為沂州刺史，以瀛州博野鎮遏使李寰為忻州刺史。 良弼、寰所戍在幽、鎮之間，朱克融、王庭水奏互加誘脅，良弼、寰不從，各以其眾堅壁，賊竟不能取，故賞之。
On bingyin day Niu Yuanyi was appointed military commissioner of Shannan East Circuit; Fu Liangbi of Qinghe, horse-and-arms commissioner at Leyshou for the Left Shence campaign, was made prefect of Yi Prefecture; and Li Huan, suppression commissioner at Boye in Ying Prefecture, was made prefect of Xin. Fu Liangbi and Li Huan held posts between the rebel territories of You and Zhen. Zhu Kerong and Wang Tingcou alternately cajoled and threatened them, but both men refused, each holding his fortress; the rebels could not dislodge them, and the court rewarded them.
49
丙子，賜橫海節度使王日簡姓名為李全略。
On bingzi day the emperor bestowed the name Li Quanlue on Wang Rijian, military commissioner of the Horizontal Sea circuit.
50
辛已，中書侍郎、同平章事崔植罷為刑部尚書，以工部侍郎元稹同平章事。 癸未，加李光顏橫海節度、滄景觀察使，其忠武、深州行營節度如故。 以橫海節度使李全略為德棣節度使。 時朝廷以光顏懸軍深入，饋運難通，故割滄景以隸之。
On xinsi day Cui Zhi stepped down from the chancellorship to become minister of justice, and Yuan Zhen, vice minister of works, joined the grand council. On guiwei day Li Guangyan was additionally appointed commissioner of the Horizontal Sea circuit and observer of Cang and Jing, while retaining his posts over the Zhongwu and Shenzhou campaign forces. Li Quanlue was transferred from Horizontal Sea to command the De-Di circuit. The court had detached Cang and Jing to his command so his deep salient could be supplied.
51
王庭湊雖受旌節，不解深州之圍。 丙戌，以知制誥東陽馮宿為山南東道節度副使，權知留後，仍遣中使入深州督牛元翼赴鎮。 裴度亦與幽、鎮書，責以大義。 朱克融即解圍去，王庭湊雖引兵少退，猶守之不去。
Though Wang Tingcou accepted the imperial commission, he did not lift the siege of Shen Prefecture. On bingxu day Feng Su of Dongyang, drafter for the Secretariat, was named deputy commissioner of Shannan East with authority as acting administrator, and a palace emissary was sent into Shen Prefecture to hurry Niu Yuanyi to his new post. Pei Du wrote as well to the rebels in You and Zhen, rebuking them in the name of dynastic duty. Zhu Kerong at once withdrew; Wang Tingcou pulled his lines back slightly but kept the siege in place.
52
元稹怨裴度，欲解其兵柄，故勸上雪王庭湊而罷兵。 丁亥，以度為司空、東都留守，平章事如故。 諫官爭上言：「時未偃兵，度有將相全才，不宜置之散地。」 上乃命度入朝，然後赴東都。 以靈武節度使李聽為河東節度使。 初，聽為羽林將軍，有良馬，上為太子，遣左右諷求之，聽以職總親軍，不敢獻。 及河東缺帥，上曰：「李聽不與朕馬，是必可任。」 遂用之。
Yuan Zhen, nursing a grudge against Pei Du, sought to remove him from command and urged the emperor to pardon Wang Tingcou and end the campaign. On dinghai day Pei Du was named minister of works and administrator of the eastern capital while keeping his seat on the grand council. Censors and remonstrators protested in a body: "The war is not over, and Pei Du possesses the full talents of a general and minister—it is wrong to set him aside in an honorary post. The emperor ordered Pei Du to report to court first, then proceed to Luoyang. Li Ting, commissioner of Lingwu, was appointed to command Hedong. Earlier, while Li Ting was a general of the Feathered Forest guard, he owned a superb horse. When Muzong was still heir apparent, he sent aides to hint that he wanted it, but Li Ting, as commander of the palace guard, refused to offer it up. When the Hedong post fell vacant, the emperor remarked, "Li Ting would not give me his horse—he is surely fit for the post. And appointed him.
53
昭義監軍劉承偕恃恩，陵轢節度使劉悟，數眾辱之，又縱其下亂法。 陰與磁州刺史張汶謀縛悟送闕下，以汶代之。 悟知之，諷其軍士作亂，殺汶。 圍承偕，欲殺之，幕僚賈直言入，責悟曰：「公所為如是，欲效李司空邪！ 此軍中安知無如公者，使李司空有知，得無笑公於地下乎！」 悟遂謝直言，救免承偕，囚之府捨。
Liu Chengxie, the Zhaoyi circuit eunuch supervisor, traded on imperial favor to bully Commissioner Liu Wu, repeatedly humiliating him before the troops and letting his men run riot against army law. In secret he plotted with Zhang Wen, prefect of Ci Prefecture, to seize Wu, send him to the capital, and install Zhang Wen in his place. Wu learned of the plot and incited his troops to mutiny, killing Zhang Wen. They besieged Chengxie and meant to kill him. Staff officer Jia Zhiyan entered and rebuked Wu: "By acting this way, are you trying to follow in Li Xulie's footsteps? Who is to say this army holds no man like you? If Li Xulie could see you from the grave, would he not laugh at you?" Wu apologized to Zhiyan, spared Chengxie, and held him under guard in the commissioner's residence.
54
初，上在東宮，聞天下厭苦憲宗用兵，故即位，務優假將卒以求姑息。 三月，壬辰朔，詔：「神策六軍使及南牙常參武官具由歷、功績，牒送中書，量加獎擢。 其諸道大將久次及有功者，悉奏聞，與除官。 應天下諸軍，各委本道據守舊額，不得輒有減省。」 於是商賈、胥吏爭賂籓鎮，牒補列將而薦之，即升朝籍。 奏章委職，士大夫皆扼腕歎息。
While still heir apparent, Muzong had heard how the realm wearied of Emperor Xianzong's wars; on his accession he therefore indulged officers and troops in hopes of buying their goodwill. In the third month, on the first day (renchen), an edict declared: "Commissioners of the six Shence armies and military officers regularly attending at the southern gate shall submit their service records and achievements to the Secretariat for graded promotion and reward. Senior generals in the provinces who have served long or performed notable service shall likewise be reported and granted office. Every army in the empire shall keep its established quotas; no circuit may cut them without authorization." Merchants and petty officials then rushed to bribe frontier commissioners, buying nominations as column generals that vaulted them straight onto the court rolls. Memorials flooded the ministries, and the literati could only wring their hands in dismay.
55
武寧節度副使王智興將軍中精兵三千討幽、鎮，節度使崔群忌之，奏請即用智興為節度使，不則召詣闕，除以他官。 事未報，智興亦自疑。 會有詔赦王庭湊，諸道皆罷兵，智興引兵先期入境。 群懼，遣使迎勞，且使軍士釋甲而入。 智興不從。 乙巳，引兵直進，徐人開門待之，智興殺不同己者十餘人，乃入府牙，見群及監軍，拜伏曰：「軍眾之情，不可如何！」 為群及判官、從吏具人馬及治裝，皆素所辦也，遣兵衛送群，至埇橋而返。 遂掠鹽鐵院錢帛，及諸道進奉在汴中者，並商旅之物，皆三分取二。
Wang Zhixing, deputy commissioner of Wuning, was preparing to lead three thousand picked troops against You and Zhen. Commissioner Cui Qun, jealous of his standing, memorialized that Zhixing should either be made commissioner at once or summoned to court and reassigned. Before the court replied, Zhixing too began to suspect his position. An edict then pardoned Wang Tingcou and ordered every circuit to stand down, but Zhixing marched his men home ahead of the rest and crossed into his own territory first. Cui Qun, alarmed, sent envoys to welcome him and ordered his troops to enter the city unarmed. Zhixing refused. On yisi day he marched straight in. The people of Xu opened the gates to receive him. Zhixing killed more than ten who opposed him, then entered the commissioner's yamen, confronted Qun and the eunuch supervisor, and kowtowed, saying, "The troops will not be denied—I could not stop them! He had already prepared horses, escorts, and traveling gear for Qun and his staff, sent armed guards to convey him away, and turned back once Qun reached Yongqiao. He then looted the Salt and Iron Commission's cash and silks, tribute goods from every circuit held at Bian, and merchants' wares alike, seizing two shares of every three.
56
丙午，加朱克融、王庭湊檢校工部尚書。 上聞其解深州之圍，故褒之，然庭湊之兵實猶在深州城下。 韓愈既行，眾皆危之。 詔愈至境更觀事勢，勿遽入，愈曰：「止，君之仁； 死，臣之義。」 遂往，至鎮，庭湊拔刃弦弓以逆之，及館，甲士羅於庭。 庭湊言曰：「所以紛紛者，乃此曹所為，非庭湊心。」 愈厲聲曰：「天子以尚書有將師材，故賜之節鉞，不知尚書乃不能與健兒語邪！」 甲士前曰：「先太師為國擊走朱滔，血衣猶在，此軍何負朝廷，乃以為賊乎！」 愈曰：「汝曹尚能記先太師則善矣。 夫逆順之為禍福豈遠邪！ 自祿山、思明以來，至元濟、師道，其子孫有今尚存仕宦者乎！ 田令公以魏博歸朝廷，子孫雖在孩提，皆為美官； 王承元以此軍歸朝廷，弱冠為節度使； 劉悟、李祐，今皆為節度使； 汝曹亦聞之乎！」 庭湊恐眾心動，麾之使出，謂愈曰：「侍郎來，欲使庭湊何為？」 愈曰：「神策六軍之六如牛元翼者不少，但朝廷顧大體，不可棄之耳！ 尚書何為圍之不置。」 庭湊曰：「即當出之。 因與愈宴，禮而歸之。 未幾，牛元翼將十騎突圍出，深州大將藏平等舉城降，庭湊責其久堅守，殺平等將吏百八十餘人。
On bingwu day Zhu Kerong and Wang Tingcou were given the honorary title of minister of works. The emperor rewarded them for lifting the siege of Shen Prefecture, though Wang Tingcou's men in fact still camped beneath the city walls. Once Han Yu departed, everyone feared for his life. The court instructed Han Yu to assess conditions at the frontier and not enter rashly. Han Yu replied, "To halt me would be the emperor's mercy; to go forward and die would be a minister's duty." He pressed on. At Wang Tingcou's headquarters the rebel drew his sword and strung his bow to receive him; inside the guest hall armored men packed the courtyard. Wang Tingcou said, "These men here caused all the trouble—it was never my wish. Han Yu thundered, "The Son of Heaven believed you had the makings of a commander and gave you the commissioner's seal—can you not even command your own soldiers?" A soldier stepped forward: "Our late lord drove Zhu Tao from the realm; his blood-stained coat still hangs here. What debt does this army owe the court, that you call us rebels?" Han Yu answered, "If you still remember your late lord, so much the better. The distance between loyalty and ruin, fortune and disaster, is not great! From An Lushan and Shi Siming down to Wu Yuanji and Li Shidao—do any of their line still serve in office? Tian Hongzheng surrendered Weibo to the throne; even infants in his line received fine appointments; Wang Chengyuan brought this army back to the court and at twenty became a commissioner; Liu Wu and Li You now command circuits of their own; have you heard of them?" Fearing his men might waver, Wang Tingcou waved them out and asked Han Yu, "What do you want of me, Vice Director?" Han Yu said, "The six Shence armies have many officers like Niu Yuanyi, but the court, for the sake of its honor, cannot abandon this one. Why do you keep him under siege?" Wang Tingcou said, "I will release him immediately. He then entertained Han Yu with ceremony and sent him on his way. Soon afterward Niu Yuanyi broke out with ten horsemen. Zang Ping and other senior officers of Shen Prefecture surrendered the city. Wang Tingcou, furious at their long resistance, executed Zang Ping and more than one hundred eighty officers and officials.
57
戊申，裴度至長安，見上，謝討賊無功。 先是，上詔劉悟送劉承偕詣京師，悟托以軍情，不時奉詔。 上問度：「宜如何處置？」 度對曰：「承偕在昭義，驕縱不法，臣盡知之，悟在行營與臣書，具論其事。 時有中使趙弘亮在臣軍中，持悟書去，云『欲自奏之』，不知嘗奏不？」 上曰：「朕殊不知也，且悟大臣，何不自奏！」 對曰：「悟武臣，不知事體。 然今事狀藉藉如此，臣等面論，陛下猶不能決，況悟當日單辭，豈能動聖聽哉！」 上曰：「前事勿論，直言此時如何處置？」 對曰：「陛下必欲收天下心，止應下半紙詔書，具陳承偕驕縱之罪，令悟集將士斬之，則籓鎮之臣。 孰不思為陛下效死！ 非獨悟也。」 上俯首良久，曰：「朕不惜承偕，然太后以為養子，今茲囚縶，太后尚未知之，況殺之乎； 卿更思其次。」 度乃與王播等奏請「流承偕於遠州，必得出。」 上從之。 後月餘，悟乃釋承偕。
On wushen day Pei Du reached Chang'an, had an audience with the emperor, and apologized for failing to suppress the rebels. Earlier the emperor had ordered Liu Wu to send Liu Chengxie to the capital, but Wu pleaded military unrest and delayed compliance. The emperor asked Pei Du how the matter should be handled. Pei Du answered, "Chengxie was insolent and lawless at Zhaoyi—I know it well. While I was in the field Liu Wu wrote me detailing the whole affair. The eunuch Zhao Hongliang was then with my army and carried off Wu's letter, saying he would present it himself. I do not know whether he ever did." The emperor said, "I never knew. And Wu is a senior minister—why did he not report it himself?" Pei Du replied, "Wu is a soldier and does not understand court procedure. Yet even now, with the scandal plain before you, Your Majesty hesitates when we argue face to face—how could a lone petition from Wu have moved you then?" The emperor said, "Leave the past aside. Tell me plainly what to do now." Pei Du answered, "If Your Majesty wishes to win the allegiance of the empire, issue a brief decree setting forth Chengxie's crimes and ordering Wu to assemble his officers and execute him. Every frontier commissioner would vie to die in Your Majesty's service! And not Wu alone." The emperor lowered his head for a long while and said, "I would not miss Chengxie, but the empress dowager adopted him as a son. He is now a prisoner she does not even know of—how could I have him killed? Think of another course." Pei Du then joined Wang Bo and others in memorializing to exile Chengxie to a distant prefecture, assuring the emperor that Wu would then release him. The emperor agreed. More than a month later Liu Wu finally freed Chengxie.
58
李光顏所將兵聞當留滄景，皆大呼西走，光顏不能制，因驚懼成疾。 己酉，上表固辭橫海節，乞歸許州。 許之。
Li Guangyan's soldiers, hearing they were to be left in Cang and Jing, shouted and bolted westward. Li Guangyan could not restrain them and, shaken with alarm, fell ill. On jiyou day he memorialized firmly refusing the Horizontal Sea post and begging to return to Xu Prefecture. The request was granted.
59
壬子，以裴度為淮南節度使，餘如故。
On renzi day Pei Du was appointed military commissioner of Huainan; his other offices were unchanged.
60
加劉悟檢校司徒，餘如故。 自是悟浸驕，欲效河北三鎮，招聚不逞，章表多不遜。
Liu Wu was granted the honorary rank of grand mentor; his other titles stood unchanged. Thereafter Liu Wu grew steadily more arrogant, seeking to imitate the three Hebei circuits by gathering malcontents; his memorials to the throne were often insolent.
61
裴度之討幽、鎮也，回鶻請以兵從。 朝議以為不可，遣中使止之。 回鶻遣其臣李義節將三千人已至豐州北，卻之，不從。 詔發繒帛七萬匹以賜之，甲寅，始還。
While Pei Du was suppressing You and Zhen, the Uyghurs offered to march with him. Court opinion held this unacceptable, and a palace envoy was dispatched to forbid it. The Uyghurs had already sent their minister Li Yijie with three thousand men to a point north of Feng Prefecture; the court ordered them turned back, but they refused. The court issued seventy thousand bolts of silk brocade as a gift; on jiayin day the Uyghurs finally withdrew.
62
王智興遣輕兵二千襲濠州。 丙辰，刺史侯弘度棄城奔壽州。
Wang Zhixing sent two thousand light troops in a surprise attack on Hao Prefecture. On bingchen day the prefect, Hou Hongdu, abandoned the city and fled to Shou Prefecture.
63
言事者皆謂裴度不宜出外，上亦自重之。 戊午，制留度輔政，以中書侍郎、同平章事王播同平章事，代度鎮淮南，仍兼諸道鹽鐵轉運使。
Every memorialist argued that Pei Du ought not leave the capital, and the emperor himself held him in high regard. On wuwu day an edict retained Pei Du at court to assist in government; Wang Bo, vice director of the Secretariat and associate grand councillor, was ordered to Huainan in his stead while remaining superintendent of salt and iron transport for all circuits.
64
李寰帥其眾三千出博野，王庭湊遣兵追之。 寰與戰，殺三百餘人，庭湊兵乃還，餘眾二千猶固守博野。
Li Huan led his three thousand men out of Boye, and Wang Tingcou sent troops in pursuit. Huan gave battle and killed more than three hundred; Tingcou's force then withdrew, while two thousand of Huan's men still held Boye.
65
朝廷以新罷兵，力不能討徐州，己未，以王智興為武寧節度使。
The court, having just stood down its armies and lacking the strength to subdue Xuzhou, on jiwei day invested Wang Zhixing as military commissioner of Wuning.
66
復以德棣節度使李全略為橫海節度使。 夏，四月，辛酉朔，日有食之。
Li Quanlue, military commissioner of De and Di, was also restored to the Henghai commission. In summer, the fourth month, on the first day xinyou, there was a solar eclipse.
67
甲戌，以傅良弼、李寰為神策都知兵馬使。
On jiaxu day Fu Liangbi and Li Huan were appointed commanders-in-chief of horse and arms for the Shence armies.
68
戶部侍郎、判度支張平叔上言：「官自糶鹽，可以獲利一倍。」 又請「令所由將鹽就村糶易。」 又乞「令宰相領鹽鐵使。」 又請「以糶鹽多少為刺史、縣令殿最。」 又乞「檢責所在實戶，據口團保，給一年鹽，使其四季輸價。」 又「行此策後，富商大賈或行財賄，邀截喧訴，其為首者所在杖殺，連狀人皆杖脊。」 詔百官議其可否。 兵部侍郎韓愈上言，以為：「城郭之外，少有見錢糴鹽，多用雜物貿易。 鹽商則無物不取，或賒貸徐還，用此取濟，兩得利便。 今令人吏坐舖自糶，非得見錢，必不敢受。 如此，貧者無從得鹽，自然坐失常課，如何更有倍利！ 又若令人吏將鹽家至戶到而糶之，必索百姓供應，騷擾極多。 又，刺史、縣令職在分憂，豈可惟以鹽利多少為之升黜，不復考其理行！ 又，貧家食鹽至少，或有淡食動經旬月，若據口給鹽，依時征價，官吏畏罪，必用威刑，臣恐因此所在不安，此尤不可之大者也。」 中書舍人韋處厚議，以為：「宰相處論道之地，雜以鹺務，實非所宜。 竇參、皇甫鎛皆以錢穀為相，名利難兼，卒蹈禍敗。 又欲以重法禁人喧訴，夫強人之所不能，事必不立； 禁人之所必犯，法必不得矣。」 事遂寢。 平叔又奏征遠年逋欠。 江州刺史李渤上言：「度支征當州貞元二年逃戶所欠錢四千餘緡，當州今歲旱災，田損什九。 陛下奈何於大旱中征三十六年前逋負！」 詔悉免之。
Zhang Pingshu, vice minister of revenue and acting director of the treasury, memorialized: "If the state itself retails salt, revenue can be doubled." He also asked that local agents carry salt into villages to barter and sell it." He also petitioned that the chancellor head the Salt and Iron Commission." He further proposed that the volume of salt sold determine the merit ranking of prefects and county magistrates." He also asked that actual households be verified locally, that salt be allotted by head count within mutual-guarantee groups for a full year, and that payment be collected in four installments." He added that once the policy was in force, wealthy merchants who bribed officials or waylaid the process with noisy petitions were to be crushed: ringleaders were to be beaten to death on the spot, and everyone who signed a joint petition was to be flogged across the back." The emperor ordered the full bureaucracy to debate whether the plan was workable. Vice Minister of War Han Yu objected: "Beyond the walls cash is scarce for buying salt; people mostly trade in kind. Salt merchants accept almost anything in payment, or extend credit to be repaid later—both parties benefit from the arrangement. If clerks are made to sit in government shops and sell salt themselves, they will demand cash and dare accept nothing else. The poor would then have no way to obtain salt, quotas would naturally go unmet, and how could revenue possibly double! Moreover, if clerks carry salt door to door, they will demand lodging and supplies from every household—the harassment would be intolerable. Prefects and magistrates exist to share the people's burdens—how can promotion and demotion depend solely on salt receipts, with no regard for how they govern! Poor households use very little salt, and some go weeks without seasoning their food; if salt were allotted by head and collected on a fixed schedule, terrified clerks would resort to harsh punishments—I fear the realm would be thrown into turmoil. Of all his objections, this was the gravest." Drafting secretary Wei Chuhou argued that the chancellor's proper station was to discourse on principle, not to be entangled in salt administration. Dou Can and Huangfu Bo had both made fiscal profit their path to the chancellorship; fame and gain cannot be pursued together, and both ended in ruin. He also meant to silence petitioners by draconian law—but to compel what people cannot endure is to ensure failure; to outlaw what people are bound to violate is to make the law itself unenforceable." The proposal was dropped. Zhang Pingshu then memorialized for collection of ancient arrears. Li Bo, prefect of Jiangzhou, wrote: "The treasury is demanding more than four thousand strings from this prefecture for debts left by fugitive households in the second year of Zhenyuan; this year drought has ruined nine-tenths of our fields. How can Your Majesty, in the midst of severe drought, collect debts thirty-six years old!" The emperor ordered the levies remitted in full.
69
邕州人不樂屬容管，刺史李元宗以吏人狀授御史，使奏之。 容管經略使嚴公素聞之，遣吏按元宗擅以羅陽縣歸蠻酋黃少度。 五月，壬寅，元宗將兵百人并州印奔黃洞。
The people of Yong Prefecture resented being placed under Rongguan jurisdiction; Prefect Li Yuanzong handed a petition from officials and clerks to the censorate for memorialization. Yan Gongsu, pacification commissioner of Rongguan, learned of this and sent officers to investigate Yuanzong for having ceded Luoyang County on his own authority to the tribal chieftain Huang Shaodu. In the fifth month, on renyin day, Yuanzong fled with a hundred soldiers and the prefectural seal to Huang's stronghold.
70
王庭湊之圍牛元翼也，和王傅-{于}-方欲以奇策於進，言於元稹，請「遣客王昭、-{于}-友明間說賊黨，使出元翼。 仍賂兵、吏部令史偽出告身二十通，令以便宜給賜。」 稹皆然之，有李賞者，知其謀，乃告裴度，雲方為稹結客刺度，度隱而不發。 賞詣左神策告其事。 丁巳，詔左僕射韓皋等鞫之。
While Wang Tingcou besieged Niu Yuanyi, the prince's tutor Wang Yufang sought a clever stroke for advancement and told Yuan Zhen he should "send agents Wang Zhao and Yu Youming to work secretly on the rebel camp and secure Yuanyi's release. He also bribed clerks of the ministries of war and personnel to forge twenty commission patents, to be distributed as rewards at discretion." Zhen approved everything. A man named Li Shang, learning of the scheme, informed Pei Du that Yufang was hiring bravos with Zhen to murder him; Du kept silent and took no action. Li Shang then went to the Left Shence Army to lodge his accusation. On dingsi day the emperor ordered Han Gao, left vice director of the Department of State Affairs, and others to conduct a formal inquiry.
71
戊午，幽州節度使朱克融進馬萬匹，羊十萬口，而表雲先請其直充犒賞。
On wuwu day Zhu Kerong, military commissioner of Youzhou, presented ten thousand horses and one hundred thousand sheep, explaining in his memorial that he had asked payment in advance to cover rewards for his men.
72
三司按於方刺裴度事，皆無驗。 六月，甲子，度及元稹皆罷相，度為右僕射，稹為同州刺史。 以兵部尚書李逢吉為門下侍郎、同平章事。
The Three Commissions investigated Yufang's alleged plot against Pei Du and found no proof. In the sixth month, on jiazi day, both Pei Du and Yuan Zhen were removed from the grand council; Du became right vice director of the Department of State Affairs, and Zhen was made prefect of Tong. Li Fengji, minister of war, was appointed vice director of the Chancellery and associate grand councillor.
73
党項寇靈州、渭北，掠官馬。
Tangut forces raided Ling Prefecture and the country north of the Wei River, seizing government horses.
74
諫官上言：「裴度無罪，不當免相。 元稹與於方為邪謀，責之太輕。 上不得已，壬申，削稹長春宮使。
Remonstrance officials wrote: "Pei Du is innocent and ought not to have been dismissed from the chancellorship. Yuan Zhen conspired wickedly with Wang Yufang, yet his punishment was far too lenient. The emperor, yielding reluctantly, on renshen stripped Zhen of his commission as commissioner of the Changchun Palace.
75
吐蕃寇靈武。 庚辰，鹽州奏党項都督拔跋萬誠請降。
Tibetan forces raided Lingwu. On gengchen day Yan Prefecture reported that the Tangut commissioner Bobo Wancheng had offered to submit.
76
壬午，吐蕃寇鹽州。
On renwu day Tibet raided Yan Prefecture.
77
戊子，復置邕管經略使。
On wuzi day the office of pacification commissioner for Yongguan was restored.
78
初，張弘靖為宣武節度使，屢賞以悅軍士，府庫虛竭。 李願繼之，性奢侈，賞勞既薄於弘靖時，又峻威刑，軍士不悅，願以其妻弟竇瑗典宿直兵； 瑗驕貪，軍中惡之。 牙將李臣則等作亂，秋，七月，壬辰夜，即帳中斬瑗頭，因大呼，府中響應。 願與一子逾城奔鄭州。 亂兵殺其妻，推都押牙李㝏為留後。
Earlier, as military commissioner of Xuanwu, Zhang Hongjing had lavished rewards on the troops until the circuit treasury was exhausted. Li Yuan succeeded him. Extravagant by nature, he paid out less than Hongjing had while enforcing harsh discipline; the soldiers grew resentful. Yuan put his wife's younger brother Dou Yuan in charge of the night-watch guard; Dou Yuan was arrogant and grasping, and the army loathed him. The adjutant Li Chenze and others mutinied. On the night of renchen in the seventh month of autumn they struck off Dou Yuan's head in his tent and raised a great cry; the whole headquarters rose with them. Li Yuan fled over the wall with one son to Zheng Prefecture. The mutineers killed his wife and installed the chief adjutant Li Min as acting military commissioner.
79
丙申，宋王結薨。
On bingshen day Prince Jie of Song died.
80
戊戌，宣武監軍奏軍亂。 庚子，李㝏自奏已權知留後。
On wuxu day the army supervisor at Xuanwu reported a military mutiny. On gengzi day Li Min memorialized that he was already acting military commissioner.
81
乙已，詔三省官與宰相議汴州事，皆以為宜如河北故事，授李㝏節。 李逢吉曰：「河北之事，蓋非獲已。 今若並汴州棄之，則是江、淮以南皆非國家有也。」 杜元穎、張平叔爭之曰：「奈何惜數尺之節，不愛一方之死乎！」 議未決，會宋、毫、穎三州刺史各上奏，請別命帥。 上大喜，以逢吉議為然，遣中使詣三州宣慰。 逢吉因請「以將軍征㝏入朝，以義成節度使韓充鎮宣武。 充，弘之弟，素寬厚得眾心。 脫㝏旅拒，則命徐、許兩軍攻其左右而滑軍蹙其北，充必得入矣。」 上皆從之。
On yisi day the emperor ordered officials of the Three Departments and the chancellor to discuss the Bianzhou crisis; all agreed that the Hebei precedent should be followed and Li Min should receive the commissioner's seal. Li Fengji said: "What happened in Hebei was doubtless not what we wanted. But if we now surrender Bianzhou as well, everything south of the Yangzi and Huai will cease to belong to the dynasty." Du Yuanying and Zhang Pingshu objected: "How can we cling to a few feet of commissioner's ribbon and refuse to spend lives to recover a whole region!" Before a decision was reached, the prefects of Song, Bo, and Ying each memorialized asking that a new commander be appointed. The emperor was delighted, accepted Fengji's view, and sent palace envoys to reassure the three prefectures. Fengji then proposed "summoning Li Min to court as a general and sending Han Chong, military commissioner of Yicheng, to take command at Xuanwu. Chong is Hongjing's younger brother, known for his lenience and already trusted by the troops. If Li Min defies the summons, Xu and Xu armies can strike his flanks while Hua troops press him from the north—then Chong will surely be able to enter Bianzhou." The emperor approved every point.
82
丙午，貶李願為隨州刺史，以韓充為宣武節度兼義成節度使。 征李㝏為右金吾將軍，㝏不奉詔。 宋州刺史高承簡斬其使者，㝏遣兵二千攻之，陷寧陵、襄邑。 宋州有三城，賊已陷其南城，承簡保北二城，與賊十餘戰。 癸丑，忠武節度使李光顏將兵二萬五千討李㝏，屯尉氏。 兗海節度使曹華聞㝏作亂，不俟詔，即發兵討之。 㝏遣兵三千人攻宋州，適至城下，丙辰，華逆擊，破之。 丁已，李光顏敗宣武兵於尉氏，斬獲二千餘人。
On bingwu day Li Yuan was demoted to prefect of Sui, and Han Chong was appointed military commissioner of Xuanwu while retaining Yicheng. Li Min was summoned to court as general of the Right Gold Crow Guard, but he refused the edict. Gao Chengjian, prefect of Song, executed Li Min's envoy; Min sent two thousand men against him and seized Ningling and Xiangyi. Song Prefecture had three walled quarters; the rebels had taken the southern city, and Chengjian held the northern two, fighting more than ten engagements. On guichou day Li Guangyan, military commissioner of Zhongwu, marched twenty-five thousand men against Li Min and encamped at Weishi. Cao Hua, military commissioner of Yanhai, heard of Li Min's revolt and, without waiting for orders, marched against him. Li Min sent three thousand men against Song Prefecture; as they reached the walls, on bingchen day Cao Hua counterattacked and routed them. On dingsi day Li Guangyan defeated the Xuanwu army at Weishi, killing and capturing more than two thousand men.
83
八月，辛酉，大理卿劉元鼎自吐蕃還。
In the eighth month, on xinyou day, Liu Yuanding, grand court justice, returned from Tibet.
84
甲子，韓充入汴境，軍於千塔。 武寧節度使王智興與高承簡共破宣武兵，斬首千餘級，餘眾遁去。 壬申，韓充敗宣武兵於郭橋，斬首千餘級，進軍萬勝。 初，李㝏既為留後，以都知兵馬使李質為腹心。 及㝏除將軍，不奉詔，質屢諫不聽，會㝏疽發於首，遣李臣則等將兵拒李光顏於尉氏。 既而官軍四集，兵屢敗，㝏疾甚，悉以軍事屬李質，臥於家。 丙子，質與監軍姚文壽擒㝏，殺之。 詐為㝏牒，追臣則等，至，皆斬之。 執㝏四子送京師。 韓充未至，質權知軍務，時牙兵三千人，日給酒食，物力不能支。 質曰：「若韓公始至而罷之，則人情大去矣！ 不可留此弊以遺吾帥。」 即命罷給而後迎充。 丁丑，充入汴。 癸未，以韓充專為宣武節度使。 以曹華為義成節度使，高承簡為兗、海、沂、密節度使，加李光顏兼侍中，以李質為右金吾將軍。 韓充既視事，人心粗定，乃密籍軍中為惡者千餘人，一朝，並父母妻子悉逐之，曰：「敢少留境內者斬。」 於是軍政大治。
On jiazi day Han Chong entered Bianzhou territory and encamped at Qian Pagoda. Wang Zhixing of Wuning and Gao Chengjian jointly defeated the Xuanwu force, taking more than a thousand heads; the rest fled. On renshen day Han Chong routed the Xuanwu army at Guo Bridge, taking more than a thousand heads, and advanced to Wansheng. When Li Min first became acting commissioner he had made Li Zhi, commander of horse and arms, his closest confidant. When Li Min was summoned as a general and refused the edict, Li Zhi remonstrated again and again in vain. Li Min's head broke out in abscesses; he sent Li Chenze and others to hold Li Guangyan at Weishi. Soon imperial armies converged from every side; Li Min's forces suffered repeated defeats; his illness grew grave, and he entrusted all military affairs to Li Zhi while he lay at home. On bingzi day Li Zhi and the army supervisor Yao Wenshou seized Li Min and put him to death. He forged an order in Li Min's name recalling Li Chenze and the others; when they arrived, all were executed. Li Min's four sons were seized and sent to the capital. Before Han Chong arrived, Li Zhi provisionally directed military affairs. Three thousand guard troops were receiving daily rations of food and wine, and the treasury could not sustain the expense. Li Zhi said: "If Lord Han cuts off these rations the moment he arrives, the troops' goodwill will collapse entirely! We must not hand this burden on to our new commander." They halted the ration payments and only then welcomed Han Chong in. On the dingchou day Han Chong entered Bian. On the guiwei day Han Chong was appointed sole military governor of Xuanwu. Cao Hua was named military governor of Yicheng; Gao Chengjian took Yan, Hai, Yi, and Mi; Li Guangyan was also made chief minister of the palace; and Li Zhi was appointed general of the Right Golden Crow Guard. Once Han Chong took office and order was roughly restored, he secretly listed more than a thousand troublemakers in the ranks. One morning he expelled them all, with parents, wives, and children, declaring, "Anyone who remains within the circuit will be executed." Army discipline was thereafter thoroughly restored.
85
九月，戊子朔，浙西觀察使京兆竇易直奏大將王國清作亂，伏誅。 初，易直聞汴州亂而懼，欲散金帛以賞軍士，或曰：「賞之無名，恐益生疑。」 乃止。 而外已有知之者，故國清作亂，易直討擒之，並殺其黨二百餘人。
In the ninth month, on the first wuzi day, Zhexi observation commissioner Dou Yizhi of Jingzhao reported that senior general Wang Guoqing had mutinied and been executed. Earlier, hearing of the Bianzhou mutiny, Yizhi grew fearful and wanted to hand out gold and silk to the troops. An adviser said, "Rewards without cause may only deepen suspicion." He dropped the plan. Word had already leaked outside, and Guoqing duly rebelled. Yizhi suppressed him, captured him, and executed more than two hundred of his followers.
86
德州刺史王稷，承父鍔餘貲，家富厚。 橫海節度使李景略利其財，丙申，密教軍士殺稷，屠其家，納其女為妾，以軍亂聞。
Wang Ji, prefect of Dezhou, had inherited his father Wang E's fortune and lived in great wealth. Henghai military governor Li Jinglüe coveted Ji's wealth. On the bingshen day he secretly ordered soldiers to kill Ji, massacre his family, take his daughter as a concubine, and report the affair as a troop mutiny.
87
朝廷之討李㝏也，遣司門郎中韋文恪宣慰魏博，史憲誠表請授㝏旌節，又於黎陽築馬頭，為渡河之勢，見文恪，辭禮倨慢； 及聞㝏死，辭禮頓恭，曰：「憲誠，胡人，譬如狗，雖被捶擊，終不離主耳。」
While the court campaigned against Li Min, it sent Director Wei Wenke to reassure Weibo. Shi Xiancheng memorialized asking that Min receive a commission, built a pontoon head at Liyang as if to cross the Yellow River, and received Wenke with arrogant discourtesy; but once he heard Min was dead, his manner turned instantly deferential. He said, "I am a barbarian — like a dog: beat me as you will, I never leave my master."
88
冬，十一月，庚午，皇太后幸華清宮。 辛未，上自復道幸華清宮，遂畋於驪山，即日還宮。 太后數日乃返。
In winter, the eleventh month, on the gengwu day the empress dowager visited Huaqing Palace. On the xinwei day the emperor went by the covered walkway to Huaqing Palace, hunted on Mount Li, and returned to the palace the same day. The empress dowager did not return until several days later.
89
丙子，集王緗薨。
On the bingzi day Prince Ji Wang Xiang died.
90
庚辰，上與宦者擊球於禁中，有宦者墜馬，上驚，因得風疾，不能履地，自是人不聞上起居。 宰相屢乞入見，不報。 裴度三上疏請立太子，且請入見。 十二月，辛卯，上見群臣於紫宸殿，御大繩床，悉去左右衛官，獨宦者十餘人侍側，人情稍安。 李逢吉進言：「景王已長，請立為太子。」 裴度請速下詔，副天下望。 上無言。 既而兩省官亦繼有請立太子者。 癸巳，詔立景王湛為皇太子。 上疾浸瘳。
On the gengchen day the emperor played polo with eunuchs in the palace. When a eunuch fell from his horse, the shock brought on a paralytic stroke; the emperor could no longer walk. After that no word of his condition reached the outside world. The chancellors repeatedly asked for an audience and received no answer. Pei Du memorialized three times asking that a crown prince be named and requesting an audience. In the twelfth month, on the xinmao day, the emperor received the court at Zichen Hall from a large rope bed, dismissed the Left and Right Guard attendants, and kept only a dozen eunuchs at his side. The court's anxiety eased somewhat. Li Fengji urged, "Prince Jing is grown — establish him as crown prince." Pei Du asked that an edict be issued at once to satisfy the empire's expectation. The emperor did not speak. Officials of both secretariats then joined in asking that a crown prince be named. On the guisi day an edict named Prince Jing Li Zhan crown prince. The emperor's illness slowly improved.
91
是歲，初行《宣明歷》。」」
That year the court first adopted the Xuaming Calendar.””