1
資治通鑑第248卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 248
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【唐紀六十四】起閼逢困敦閏月，盡屠維大荒落，凡五年有奇。
Tang Annals 64: from the intercalary month of the jiazi year through the xinyou year, covering a little more than five years in all.
3
武宗至道昭肅孝皇帝下會昌四年（ 甲子，公元八四四年）
Emperor Wuzong, the Filial and Sagely, Huichang year 4 ( jiazi, 844 CE)
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閏月，壬戌，以中書侍郎、同平章事李紳同平章事，充淮南節度使。
In the intercalary month, on the day renxu, Li Shen—Vice Director of the Secretariat and Associate Director of the Chancellery—was confirmed as Associate Director of the Chancellery and assigned as military governor of Huainan.
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李德裕奏：「鎮州奏事官高迪密陳意見二事：其一，以為『賊中好為偷兵術，潛抽諸處兵聚於一處，官軍多就迫逐，以致失利； 經一兩月，又偷兵詣他處。 官軍須知此情，自非來攻城柵，慎勿與戰。 彼淹留不過三日，須散歸舊屯，如此數四空歸，自然喪氣。 官軍密遣諜者詗其抽兵之處，乘虛襲之，無不捷矣。』 其二，『鎮、魏屯兵雖多，終不能分賊勢。 何則？ 下營不離故處，每三兩月一深入，燒掠而去。 賊但固守城柵，城外百姓，賊亦不惜。 宜令進營據其要害，以漸逼之。 若止如今日，賊中殊不以為懼。』 望詔諸將各使知之！」
Li Deyu memorialized: "Gao Di, the Zhenzhou liaison officer, privately offered two suggestions. First: the rebels favor a 'stolen troops' stratagem—they quietly strip men from scattered garrisons and concentrate them in one place. Our armies habitually chase after them and come to grief. After a month or two they shift the same trick to another sector. Our commanders must understand this pattern: unless the rebels are actually assaulting a fort, they should avoid engaging them. They cannot stay more than three days before scattering back to their old camps. After three or four fruitless marches their spirit will break of itself. Send spies to learn where they have stripped troops, then strike the weakened post—every such blow will succeed.' Second: 'though the Zhen and Wei armies are large, they never really split the rebel force. Why is that? Their camps never move from the same spots; every two or three months they make one deep raid, burn and loot, and withdraw. The rebels simply sit behind their walls; they do not even spare the countryside populace. Order them to advance camps onto the rebels' vital ground and press inward step by step. If things stay as they are today, the rebels will feel scarcely any fear.' I beg that an edict be sent so every commander is informed of this."
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劉稹腹心將高文端降，言賊中乏食，令婦人挼穗舂之以給軍。 德裕訪文端破賊之策，文端以為：「官軍今真攻澤州，恐多殺士卒，城未易得。 澤州兵約萬五千人，賊常分兵太半，潛伏山谷，伺官軍攻城疲弊，則四集救之，官軍必失利。 今請令陳許軍過乾河立寨，自寨城連延築為夾城，環繞澤州，日遣大軍布陳於外以扞救兵。 賊見圍城將合，必出大戰； 待其敗北，然後乘勢可取。」 德裕奏請詔示王宰。 文端又言：「固鎮寨四崖懸絕，勢不可攻。 然寨中無水，皆飲澗水，在寨東南約一里許。 宜令王逢進兵逼之，絕其水道，不過三日，賊必棄寨遁去，官軍即可追躡。 前十五里至青龍寨，亦四崖懸絕，水在寨外，可以前法取也。 其東十五里則沁州城。」 德裕奏請詔示王逢。 文端又言：「都頭王釗將萬兵戍洺州，劉稹既族薛茂卿，又誅刑洺救援兵馬使談朝義兄弟三人，釗自是疑懼。 稹遣使召之，釗不肯入，士卒皆嘩噪，釗必不為稹用。 但釗及士卒家屬皆在潞州，又士卒恐己降為官軍所殺，招之必不肯來。 惟有諭意於釗，使引兵入潞州取稹。 事成之日，許除別道節度使，仍厚有賜與，庶幾肯從。」 德裕奏請詔何弘潛遣人諭以此意。
Gao Wenduan, a trusted Liu Zhen commander, defected and reported that the rebels were short of food and had women thresh grain by hand to feed the troops. Deyu asked Wenduan how to break the rebels. Wenduan said: "If our army assaults Ze Prefecture head-on, we will lose many men and still may not take the city. Ze holds about fifteen thousand men. The rebels habitually keep more than half their force hidden in the hills, waiting until our siege troops are exhausted, then converge from every direction—the assault will fail. Instead, have the Chenxu army cross the Gan River and build a camp, then extend linked walls in a double enclosure all around Ze. Each day station a large force outside to block relief columns. Seeing the ring about to close, the rebels will surely sally out for a decisive fight; once they are beaten and retreating, we can take the city at a stroke." Deyu memorialized that this plan be sent to Wang Zai by imperial order. Wenduan added: "The Guzhen stockade sits on sheer cliffs on all four sides and cannot be stormed. But the camp has no water of its own; everyone drinks from a stream about a li to the southeast. Have Wang Feng advance and seize the stream. Within three days the rebels will abandon the camp; our troops can then run them down. Fifteen li farther on lies Qinglong Camp, equally cliff-bound with its water outside—the same method will work there. Fifteen li east of that stands Qin Prefecture city." Deyu memorialized that these instructions be sent to Wang Feng by imperial order. Wenduan also said: "Commander Wang Zhao holds Ming Prefecture with ten thousand men. Liu Zhen had already wiped out the Xue Maqing clan and executed Tan Chaoyi, the Ming relief commander, together with his three brothers. Zhao has been fearful and suspicious ever since. Zhen sent to summon him, but Zhao would not come in; his troops are in an uproar. He will not fight for Zhen. Yet Zhao's and his men's families are all in Lu Prefecture, and the troops fear that surrender means execution. They will not come if we merely call. We should instead make our terms clear to Zhao: lead your men into Lu Prefecture and seize Liu Zhen. Promise him a military governorship on another circuit and rich rewards when he succeeds—then he may agree." Deyu memorialized that He Hongjing be ordered by edict to send an envoy with this proposal.
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劉稹年少懦弱，押牙王協、宅內兵馬使李士貴用事，專聚貨財，府庫充溢，而將士有功無賞，由是人心離怨。 劉從諫妻裴氏，冕之支孫也，憂稹將敗，其弟問典兵在山東，欲召之使掌軍政。 士貴恐問至奪己權，且洩其奸狀，乃曰：「山東之事仰成於五舅，若召之，是無三州也。」 乃上。
Liu Zhen was young and timid. Wang Xie, his yamen guard, and Li Shigui, commander of the household troops, ran affairs, hoarding wealth until the vaults brimmed while meritorious officers went unrewarded. Disaffection spread through the ranks. Lady Pei, Liu Congjian's widow and a collateral descendant of Pei Mian, feared Zhen's fall. Her younger brother Wen commanded troops in Shandong; she wanted to recall him to take charge of the army. Shigui feared Wen would displace him and expose his corruption. He said: "Shandong has been entrusted to the Fifth Uncle; recall him and we lose the three prefectures." He then withdrew.
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王協薦王釗為洺州都知兵馬使。 釗得眾心，而多不遵使府約束，同列高元武、安玉言其有貳心。 稹召之，釗辭以「到洺州未立少功，實所慚恨，乞留數月，然後詣府。」 許之，王協請稅商人，每州遣軍將一人主之，名為稅商，實籍編戶家貲，至於什器無所遺，皆估為絹匹，十分取其二，率高其估。 民竭浮財及糗糧輸之，不能充，皆璟璟不安。 軍將劉溪尤貪殘，劉從諫棄不用。 溪厚賂王協，協以刑州富商最多，命溪主之。 裴問所將兵號「夜飛」，多富商子弟，溪至，悉拘其父兄。 軍士訴於問，問為之請，溪不許，以不遜語答之。 問怒，密與麾下謀殺溪歸國，並告刺史崔嘏，嘏從之。 丙子，嘏、問閉城，斬城中大將四人，請降於王元逵。 時高元武在黨山，聞之，亦降。 先是使府賜洺州軍士布，人一端，尋有帖以折冬賜。 會稅商軍將至洺州，王釗因人不安，謂軍士曰：「留後年少，政非己出。 今倉庫充實，足支十年，豈可不少散之以慰勞苦之士！ 使貼不可用也。」 乃擅開倉庫，給士卒人絹一匹，谷十二石，士卒大喜。 釗遂閉城請降於何弘敬。 安玉在磁州，聞二州降，亦降於弘敬。 堯山都知失馬使魏元談等降於王元逵，元逵以其久不下，皆殺之。
Wang Xie recommended Wang Zhao as overall commander of Ming Prefecture's forces. Zhao won the soldiers' loyalty but often ignored headquarters orders. His peers Gao Yuanwu and An Yu accused him of disloyalty. Zhen summoned him. Zhao pleaded: "I have done little since reaching Ming and am ashamed to face headquarters. Grant me a few more months, then I will come in." Zhen agreed. Wang Xie proposed a merchant tax: each prefecture would send an officer to levy it. In practice they inventoried every registered household's assets down to household goods, appraised everything in silk bolts, and took two-tenths—always at inflated valuations. People drained their movable property and grain stores and still could not meet the demand; everywhere there was unrest and fear. The officer Liu Xi was notoriously rapacious; Liu Congjian had long refused to employ him. Xi bribed Wang Xie heavily. Xie assigned him Xing Prefecture, where the richest merchants were concentrated. Pei Wen's unit, the "Night Flight," was largely drawn from merchant families. When Xi arrived he seized their fathers and elder brothers. The soldiers appealed to Wen, who interceded for them. Xi refused and answered with insults. Wen, furious, secretly plotted with his men to kill Xi and submit to the court. He told Prefect Cui Gu, who agreed. On the day bingzi, Gu and Wen shut the gates, executed four senior officers in the city, and offered surrender to Wang Yuankui. Gao Yuanwu, then at Dang Mountain, heard the news and surrendered as well. Headquarters had earlier given each Ming soldier a bolt of cloth, and a notice soon followed promising a mid-winter bonus. As the tax officer was about to reach Ming, Zhao, sensing the troops' unrest, told them: "The young commissioner does not truly rule. The warehouses are full enough for ten years. Should we not open them a little to reward men who have suffered? Ignore headquarters' notice." He opened the stores on his own authority and gave each man a bolt of silk and twelve piculs of grain. The troops were overjoyed. Zhao then shut the gates and offered surrender to He Hongjing. An Yu at Ci Prefecture, hearing that both prefectures had submitted, surrendered to Hongjing as well. Wei Yuantan, commander at Yaoshan, and others surrendered to Wang Yuankui, who executed them all for having held out so long.
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八月，辛卯，鎮、魏奏邢、洺、磁三州降，宰相入賀。 李德裕曰：「昭義根本盡在山東，三州降，則上黨不日有變矣。」 上曰：「郭誼必梟劉稹以自贖。」 德裕曰：「誠如聖料。」 上曰：「於今所宜先處者何事？」 德裕請以給事中盧弘止為三州留後，曰：「萬一鎮、魏請占三州，朝廷難於可否。」 上從之。 詔山南東道兼昭義節度使盧鈞乘驛赴鎮。
In the eighth month, on the day xinmao, the Zhen and Wei armies reported the surrender of Xing, Ming, and Ci. The chief ministers came in to offer congratulations. Li Deyu said: "Zhaoyi's strength lay entirely in Shandong. With those three prefectures gone, Shangdang will collapse before long." The Emperor said: "Guo Yi is sure to deliver Liu Zhen's head to save his own skin." Deyu said: "Your Majesty reads the situation exactly right." The Emperor asked: "What should we settle first, now?" Deyu proposed appointing Supervising Secretary Lu Hongzhi regent of the three prefectures. "If Zhen and Wei ask to keep them," he said, "the court will be hard pressed to refuse yet should not concede." The Emperor agreed. An edict ordered Lu Jun—governor of Shannan East who also held Zhaoyi—to hurry to his command by post relay.
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潞人聞三州降，大懼。 郭誼、王協謀殺劉稹以自贖，稹再從兄中軍使匡周兼押牙，誼患之，言於稹曰：「十三郎在牙院，諸將皆莫敢言事，恐為十三郎所疑而獲罪，以此失山東。 今誠得十三郎不入，則諸將始敢盡言，采於眾人，必獲長策。」 稹召匡周諭之，使稱疾不入。 匡周怒曰：「我在院中，故諸將不敢有異圖； 我出院，家必滅矣！」 稹固請之，匡周不得已，彈指而出。 誼令稹所親董可武說稹曰：「山東之叛，事由五舅，城中人人誰敢相保！ 留後今欲何如？」 稹曰：「今城中尚有五萬人，且當閉門堅守耳。」 可武曰：』非良策也。 留後不若束身歸朝，如張元益，不失作刺史。 且以郭誼為留後，俟得節之日，徐奉太夫人及室家金帛歸之東都，不亦善乎！ 稹曰：「誼安肯如是？」 可武曰：「可武已與之重誓，必不負也。」 及引誼入。 稹與之密約既定，乃白其母。 母曰：「歸朝誠為佳事，但恨已晚。 吾有弟不能保，安能保郭誼！ 汝自圖之！」 稹乃素服出門，以母命署誼都知兵馬使。 王協已戒諸將列於外廳，誼拜謝稹已，出見諸將，稹治裝於內廳。 李士貴聞之，帥後院兵數千攻誼。 誼叱之曰：「何不自取賞物，乃欲與李士貴同死乎！」 軍士乃退，共殺士貴。 誼易置將吏，部署軍士，一夕俱定。 明日，使董可武入謁稹曰：「請議公事。」 稹曰：「何不言之！」 可武曰：「恐驚太夫人。」 乃引稹步出牙門，至北宅，置酒作樂。 酒酣，乃言：「今日之事欲全太尉一家，須留後自圖去就，則朝廷必垂矜閔。」 稹曰：「如所言，稹之心也。」 可武遂前執其手，，崔率度自後斬之，因收稹宗族，匡周以下至襁褓中子皆殺之。 又殺劉從諫父子所厚善者張谷、陳揚庭、李仲京、郭台、王羽、韓茂章、茂實、王渥、賈庠等凡十二家，並其子侄甥婿無遺。 仲京，訓之兄； 台，行餘之子。 羽，涯之從孫； 茂章、茂實，約之子； 渥，璠之子。 庠，餗之子也。 甘露之亂，仲京等亡歸從諫，從諫撫養之。 凡軍中有小嫌者，誼日有所誅，流血成泥。 乃函稹首，遣使奉表及書，降於王宰。 首過澤州，劉公直舉營慟哭，亦降於宰。
When Lu Prefecture heard that the three prefectures had fallen, panic spread. Guo Yi and Wang Xie plotted to kill Liu Zhen and save themselves. Zhen's cousin Kuang Zhou commanded the central army and also held the yamen guard; Yi feared him. He told Zhen: "With the Thirteenth Son in the headquarters courtyard, no general dares speak freely—we lost Shandong because of it. Keep him out, and the officers will finally speak plainly. Take counsel from all sides and we are sure to find a way forward." Zhen summoned Kuang Zhou and told him to stay away on grounds of illness. Kuang Zhou flared up: "While I am here, the generals dare not plot; if I leave, our house is finished!" Zhen insisted. Kuang Zhou had no choice: he snapped his fingers and walked out. Yi had Zhen's confidant Dong Kewu tell him: "The Fifth Uncle caused the Shandong revolt. In this city, who can feel safe? What does the commissioner intend to do now?" Zhen said: "We still have fifty thousand men in the city. We should shut the gates and hold on." Kewu said: "That is no good plan. Better surrender yourself to the court, as Zhang Yuanyi did—you would still receive a prefecture. Make Guo Yi acting commissioner for now. Once he receives the commission, your mother and family can take their wealth back to Luoyang in good time. Would that not be best?" Zhen said: "Would Yi truly do that?" Kewu said: "I have sworn a solemn oath with him. He will not betray you." Then he brought Yi in. Once Zhen and Yi had sealed their secret pact, Zhen told his mother. His mother said: "Surrender would indeed be wise, but I fear it is too late. I could not even save my own brother—how can I trust Guo Yi! You must decide for yourself!" Zhen put on plain clothes, went out, and by his mother's authority appointed Yi commander of the army. Wang Xie had already assembled the generals in the outer hall. Yi bowed to Zhen, went out to face the officers, while Zhen packed in the inner hall. Li Shigui heard of it and led several thousand household guards against Yi. Yi shouted: "Why not seize your share of the loot instead of dying with Li Shigui!" The troops fell back and together killed Shigui. Yi replaced officers, redeployed the troops, and within a single night had everything under control. The next day he sent Dong Kewu to see Zhen: "We must discuss state business." Zhen said: "Speak here, then!" Kewu said: "I fear distressing your mother." He led Zhen on foot out through the headquarters gate to the North Residence, where wine and music were prepared. When the wine had gone deep, he said: "To save your whole house, Commissioner, you must decide your own course. The court will surely show mercy." Zhen said: "What you say is exactly what I wish." Kewu seized his hands from the front while Cui Shualv struck from behind and cut off his head. They then seized Zhen's entire clan and killed everyone from Kuang Zhou down to babes in arms. They also slaughtered twelve households whom Liu Congjian and his son had favored—Zhang Gu, Chen Yangting, Li Zhongjing, Guo Tai, Wang Yu, Han Maozhang and Maoshi, Wang Wo, Jia Xiang, and others—sparing not a son, nephew, son-in-law, or grandson. Zhongjing was the elder brother of Li Xun; Guo Tai was the son of Guo Xingyu. Wang Yu was a collateral descendant of Wang Ya; Han Maozhang and Maoshi were sons of Han Yue; Wang Wo was the son of Wang Fan. Jia Xiang was the son of Jia Su. After the Sweet Dew Affair, Zhongjing and the others had fled to Liu Congjian, who sheltered and raised them. Anyone in the army who bore the slightest grudge was put to death day after day until blood ran like mud. He placed Zhen's head in a box, sent envoys with a memorial and letter of surrender, and submitted to Wang Zai. As the head passed through Ze Prefecture, Liu Gongzhi led his entire camp in mourning and surrendered to Zai as well.
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乙未，宰以狀聞。 丙申，宰相入賀。 李德裕奏：「今不須復置邢、洺、磁留後，但遣盧弘止宣慰三州及成德、魏博兩道。」 上曰：「郭誼宜如何處之？」 德裕對曰：「劉稹騃孺子耳，阻兵拒命，皆誼為之謀主。 及勢孤力屈，又賣稹以求賞。 此而不誅，何以懲惡！ 宜及諸軍在境，並誼等誅之！」 上曰：「朕意亦以為然。」 乃詔石雄將七千人入潞州，以應謠言。 杜悰以饋運不給，謂誼等可赦，上熟視不應。 德裕曰：「今春澤潞未平，太原復擾，自非聖斷堅定，二寇何由可平！ 外議以為若在先朝，赦之久矣。」 上曰：「卿不知文宗心地不與卿合，安能議乎！」 罷盧鈞山南東道，專為昭義節度使。 戊戌，劉稹傳首至京師。 詔：「昭義五州給復一年，軍行所過州縣免今年秋稅。 昭義自劉從諫以來，橫增賦斂，悉從蠲免。 所藉土團並縱遣歸農。 諸道將士有功者，等級加賞。」
On the day yiwei, Zai reported the victory to the court. On the day bingshen, the chief ministers came in to offer congratulations. Li Deyu memorialized: "We need no longer appoint regents for Xing, Ming, and Ci. Send Lu Hongzhi to proclaim comfort to those three prefectures and to the Chengde and Weibo circuits." The Emperor asked: "What should be done with Guo Yi?" Deyu answered: "Liu Zhen was a witless boy. Yi was the mastermind who armed the rebellion and defied the throne. When his power collapsed, he sold out Zhen for a reward. If we spare him, how will we punish treachery! Execute Yi and his accomplices while our armies are still on the ground!" The Emperor said: "I agree." An edict ordered Shi Xiong to lead seven thousand men into Lu Prefecture—fulfilling a popular prophecy. Du Cong, citing supply shortages, argued that Yi and the others should be pardoned. The Emperor fixed him with a long stare and said nothing. Deyu said: "This spring Ze and Lu were still in revolt and Taiyuan was in turmoil again. Without Your Majesty's firm resolve, how could both rebellions have been crushed! Outsiders say that under the previous reign they would have been pardoned long ago." The Emperor said: "You forget that Emperor Wenzong's mind was not yours. How could he have acted as you would!" Lu Jun was relieved of Shannan East and appointed solely military governor of Zhaoyi. On the day wuxu, Liu Zhen's head arrived at the capital. An edict declared: "The five Zhaoyi prefectures shall receive a year's tax relief, and every county and prefecture the army passed through is exempt from this autumn's levy. All arbitrary levies imposed since Liu Congjian's day were abolished. Conscripted local militia were disbanded and sent home to farm. Meritorious officers and soldiers from every circuit were rewarded according to rank."
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郭誼既殺劉稹，日望旌節，既久不聞問，乃曰：「必移它鎮。」 於是閱鞍馬，治行裝。 及聞石雄將至，懼失色。 雄至，誼等參賀畢，敕使張仲清曰：「郭都知告身來日當至，諸高班告身在此，晚牙來受之！」 乃以河中兵環球場，晚牙，誼等至，唱名引入，凡諸將桀黠拒官軍者，悉執送京師。 加何弘敬同平章事。 丁未，詔發劉從諫屍，暴於潞州市三日，石雄取其屍置球場斬坐刀之。
After killing Liu Zhen, Guo Yi waited daily for his commission as military governor. When no word came for a long time, he said: "They must be transferring me to another circuit." He inspected his horses and packed for the journey. When he learned that Shi Xiong was coming, he turned pale with fear. When Xiong arrived, Yi and the others paid their respects. The imperial envoy Zhang Zhongqing announced: "Commander Guo's commission will arrive tomorrow. The senior officers' commissions are here—come to the evening assembly to receive them!" Hezhong troops ringed the parade ground. At the evening assembly, as Yi and the others arrived, their names were called and they were led in. Every fierce commander who had resisted the imperial army was seized and sent to the capital. He Hongjing was made Associate Director of the Chancellery. On the day dingwei, an edict ordered Liu Congjian's corpse exhumed and displayed in Lu Prefecture for three days. Shi Xiong then had the body brought to the parade ground and executed by waist-slicing in the seated position.
13
戊申，加李德裕太尉、趙國公，德裕固辭。 上曰：「恨無官賞卿耳！ 卿若不應得，朕必不與卿。」 初，李德裕以「韓全義以來，將帥出征屢敗，其弊有三：一者，詔令下軍前者，日有三四，宰相多不預聞。 二者，監軍各以意見指揮軍事，將帥不得專進退。 三者每軍各有宦者為監使，悉選軍中驍勇數百為牙隊，其在陳戰鬥者，皆怯弱之士。 每戰，監使自有信旗，乘高立馬，以牙隊自衛，視軍勢小卻，輒引旗先走，陳從而潰。」 德裕乃與樞密使楊欽義、劉行深議，約敕監軍不得預軍政，每兵千人聽監使取十人自衛，有功隨例沾賞。 二樞密皆以為然，白上行之。 自御回鶻至澤潞罷兵，皆守此制。 自非中書進詔意，更無它詔自中出者。 號令既簡，將帥得以施其謀略，故所向有功。 自用兵以來，河北三鎮每遣使者至京師，李德裕常面諭之曰：「河朔兵力雖強，不能自立，須借朝廷官爵威命以安軍情。 歸語汝使：與其使大將邀宣慰敕使以求官爵，何如自奮忠義，立功立事，結知明主，使恩出朝廷，不亦榮乎！ 且以耳目所及者言之，李載義在幽州，為國家盡忠平滄景，及為軍中所逐，不失作節度使，後鎮太原，位至宰相。 楊志誠遣大將遮敕使馬求官，及為軍中所逐，朝廷竟不赦其罪。 此二人禍福足以觀矣。」 德裕復以其言白上，上曰：「要當如此明告之。」 由是三鎮不敢有異志。
On the day wushen, Li Deyu was made Grand Marshal and Duke of Zhao. He firmly declined. The Emperor said: "I only regret that there is no higher rank with which to reward you! If you did not deserve it, I would never grant it." Earlier Li Deyu had said: "Since Han Quanyi's time, campaigning generals have suffered repeated defeats. There are three abuses. First: three or four edicts a day reach the army before the chief ministers even hear of them. Second: each army supervisor commands according to his own whim, and the generals cannot advance or retreat on their own authority. Third: every army has eunuch supervisors who pick several hundred of the fiercest men for their personal guard, leaving only the timid and weak to fight in the line. In every battle the supervisor rides to high ground with his own signal banner, surrounded by his guard. At the slightest setback he pulls his banner and flees first, and the whole line routs behind him." Deyu then worked out reforms with Privy Council commissioners Yang Qinyi and Liu Xingshen: supervisors were forbidden to interfere in command; each might take only ten men per thousand for a bodyguard; and they would share in rewards when merit was earned. Both commissioners approved and reported the plan to the Emperor, who put it into effect. From the campaign against the Uyghurs through the Ze-Lu war until arms were laid down, this system was maintained throughout. No edict reached the armies except through the Secretariat. With orders simplified, generals could execute their own plans, and wherever they marched they prevailed. Whenever envoys from the three Hebei posts came to the capital during the war, Li Deyu would tell them plainly: "However strong Heshuo's armies may be, you cannot stand alone. You need the court's offices and authority to keep your soldiers loyal. Go back and tell your master: instead of having your generals ambush imperial envoys to extort titles, why not win merit through loyal service, earn the favor of a wise emperor, and receive honors that truly come from the court? Would that not be more glorious! Consider what you have seen with your own eyes. Li Zaiyi at Youzhou loyally pacified Cang and Jing for the state. Though his troops drove him out, he still became military governor, later governed Taiyuan, and rose to chief minister. Yang Zhicheng sent a general to stop an imperial envoy and demand office. When his own troops drove him out, the court never pardoned his crime. The fates of these two men speak for themselves." Deyu repeated this to the Emperor, who said: "They must be told this plainly." From then on the three posts dared not harbor rebellious thoughts.
14
九月，詔以澤州隸河陽節度。
In the ninth month, an edict placed Ze Prefecture under the Heyang military governorship.
15
丁巳，盧鈞入潞州。 鈞素寬厚愛人，劉稹未平，鈞已領昭義節度，襄州士卒在行營者，與潞人戰，常對陳揚鈞之美。 及赴鎮，入天井關，昭義散卒歸之道，鈞皆厚撫之，人情大洽，昭議遂安。 劉稹將郭誼、王協、劉公直、安全慶、李道德、劉佐堯、劉開德、董可武等至京師，皆斬之。
On the day dingsi, Lu Jun entered Lu Prefecture. Jun was known for his generosity and kindness. Even before Liu Zhen fell, he had been appointed military governor of Zhaoyi, and Xiang soldiers in the field camp often praised his virtues to the Lu troops across the battle lines. When he went to take up his post and entered Tianjing Pass, he generously treated every scattered Zhaoyi soldier he met on the road. Hearts warmed to him, and Zhaoyi was soon at peace. Liu Zhen's generals Guo Yi, Wang Xie, Liu Gongzhi, An Quanqing, Li Daode, Liu Zuoyao, Liu Kaide, Dong Kewu, and others were brought to the capital and all beheaded.
16
臣光曰：董重質之在淮西，郭誼之在昭義，吳元濟、劉稹，如木偶人在伎兒之手耳。 彼二人者，始則勸人為亂，終則賣主規利，其死固有餘罪。 然憲宗用之於前，武宗誅之於後，臣愚以為皆失之。 何則？ 賞奸，非義也； 殺降，非信也。 失義與信，何以為國！ 昔漢光武待王郎、劉盆子止於不死，知其非力竭則不降故也。 樊崇、徐宣、王元、牛邯之徒，豈非助亂之人乎？ 而光武弗殺。 蓋以既受其降，則不可復誅故也。 若既赦而復逃亡叛亂，則其死固無辭矣！ 如誼等，免死流之遠方，沒齒不還，可矣； 殺之，非也！
Sima Guang comments: With Dong Chongzhi in Huaixi and Guo Yi in Zhaoyi, Wu Yuanji and Liu Zhen were no more than wooden puppets in the hands of puppeteers. Those two men first incited rebellion and then betrayed their masters for gain. Their deaths were richly deserved. Yet Emperor Xianzong used them before, and Emperor Wuzong executed them after. In my humble view, both rulers were wrong. Why so? To reward traitors is unjust; to kill men who have surrendered is faithless. Without righteousness and faith, how can a state endure! Emperor Guangwu of Han spared Wang Lang and Liu Penzi only their lives, knowing that rebels surrender only when their strength is spent. Were Fan Chong, Xu Xuan, Wang Yuan, Niu Han, and their like not agents of rebellion? Yet Guangwu did not execute them. Once he had accepted their surrender, he could not put them to death. If, after pardon, they fled and rebelled again, execution would be fully justified! Men like Yi should have been spared and exiled to distant lands, never to return—that would have been enough; to kill them was wrong!
17
王羽、賈庠等已為誼所殺，李德裕復下詔稱「逆賊王涯、賈餗等已就昭義誅其子孫」，宣告中外，識者非之。 劉從諫妻裴氏亦賜死。 又令昭義降將李丕、高文端、王釗等疏昭義將士與劉稹同惡者，悉誅之，死者甚眾。 盧鈞疑其枉濫，奏請寬之，不從。 昭義屬城有嘗無禮於王元逵者，元逵推求得二十餘人，斬之。 餘眾懼，復閉城自守。 戊辰，李德裕等奏：「寇孽既平，盡為國家城鎮，豈可令元逵窮兵攻討！ 望遣中使賜城內將士敕，招安之，仍詔元逵引兵歸鎮，並詔盧鈞自遣使安撫。」 從之。
Wang Yu, Jia Xiang, and the others had already been killed by Yi. Li Deyu then issued an edict proclaiming to all within and without that "the rebel criminals Wang Ya, Jia Su, and others have had their descendants executed in Zhaoyi." Thoughtful men condemned this. Liu Congjian's widow Lady Pei was also ordered to take her own life. He also had Zhaoyi defectors Li Pi, Gao Wenduan, Wang Zhao, and others denounce every officer and soldier who had sided with Liu Zhen. All were executed, and the dead were very numerous. Lu Jun suspected wholesale injustice and memorialized for clemency, but the court refused. In one Zhaoyi subordinate city, men who had once insulted Wang Yuankui were hunted down; he beheaded more than twenty of them. The rest of the populace, terrified, shut the gates and held the city again. On the day wuchen, Li Deyu and others memorialized: "The rebels are crushed and these are imperial towns. How can we let Yuankui press the attack to the bitter end! Send a palace envoy with an edict to reassure the garrison, order Yuankui to withdraw to his post, and let Lu Jun send his own envoys to pacify them." The court agreed.
18
乙亥，李德裕等請上尊號，且言：「自古帝王，成大功必告天地。 父，宣懿太后祔廟，陛下未嘗親謁。」 上瞿然曰：「郊廟之禮，誠宜亟行，至於徽稱，非所敢當！」 凡五上表，乃許之。
On the day yihai, Li Deyu and others asked the Emperor to accept a honorific title, saying: "Since antiquity, emperors who achieved great deeds have reported them to Heaven and Earth. Your father lies enshrined with Empress Dowager Xuanyi, yet Your Majesty has never visited the temple in person." The Emperor started and said: "The suburban and temple rites should indeed be performed at once. As for a honorific title, I dare not accept it!" After five memorials he finally consented.
19
李德裕奏：「據幽州奏事官言：詗知回鶻上下離心，可汗欲之安西，其部落言親戚皆在唐，不如歸唐。 又與室韋已相失，計其不日來降，或自相殘滅。 望遣識事中使賜仲武詔，諭以鎮、魏已平昭義，惟回鶻未滅，仲武猶帶北面招討使，宜早思立功。」
Li Deyu memorialized: "The Youzhou liaison officer reports that the Uyghurs are divided. The qaghan wants to go west to Anxi, but his tribes say their kin are all in Tang and they would rather submit to Tang. They have also broken with the Shiwei. They will likely surrender soon or destroy one another. I beg that an envoy be sent to grant Zhongwu an edict, telling him that Zhen and Wei have pacified Zhaoyi and only the Uyghurs remain. Zhongwu still holds the northern campaign commission and should seek merit while he can."
20
李德裕怨太子太傅、東都留守牛僧孺、湖州刺史李宗閔，言於上曰：「劉從諫據上黨十年，太和中入朝，僧孺、宗閔執政，不留之，加宰相縱去，以成今日之患，竭天下力乃能取之，皆二人之罪也。」 德裕又使人於潞州求僧孺、宗閔與從諫交通書疏，無所得，乃令孔目官鄭慶言從諫每得僧孺、宗閔書疏，皆自焚毀。 詔追慶下御史台近問，中丞李回、知雜鄭亞以為信然。 河南少尹呂述與德裕書，言稹破報至，僧孺出聲歎恨。 德裕奏述書，上大怒，以僧孺為太子少保、分司，宗閔為漳州刺史。 戊子，再貶僧孺汀州刺史，宗閔漳州長史。
Li Deyu bore a grudge against Niu Sengru, Grand Mentor and regent of the Eastern Capital, and Li Zongmin, prefect of Huzhou. He told the Emperor: "Liu Congjian held Shangdang for ten years. During the Taihe era he came to court while Sengru and Zongmin were in power. They did not detain him but made him chief minister and let him return—creating today's disaster. Only by exhausting the empire's strength could we recover the region. The fault lies with those two men." Deyu also sent men to Lu Prefecture to search for correspondence between Sengru, Zongmin, and Congjian. Finding none, he had a clerk named Zheng Qing claim that Congjian had burned every letter he received from Sengru and Zongmin. An edict ordered Qing brought before the Censorate for interrogation. Vice Censor-in-Chief Li Hui and Supervisory Censor Zheng Ya found his testimony credible. Lü Shu, vice prefect of Henan, wrote to Deyu that when news of Liu Zhen's defeat arrived, Niu Sengru sighed aloud in regret. Deyu submitted a memorial recounting Lü Shu's letter. The emperor flew into a rage and made Niu Sengru Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent with a nominal court post, and Li Zongmin prefect of Zhang Prefecture. On wuzi, Sengru was demoted again to prefect of Ting Prefecture, and Zongmin to chief secretary of Zhang Prefecture.
21
上幸鄠校獵。
The emperor went to E to hold a military hunt.
22
十一月，復貶牛僧孺循州長史，李宗閔長流封州。
In the eleventh month, Niu Sengru was demoted again to chief secretary of Xun Prefecture, and Li Zongmin was permanently banished to Feng Prefecture.
23
十二月，以忠武節度使王宰為河東節度使，河中節度使石雄為河陽節度使。
In the twelfth month, Wang Zai, military governor of Zhongwu, was appointed military governor of Hedong, and Shi Xiong, military governor of Hezhong, was appointed military governor of Heyang.
24
上幸雲陽校獵。
The emperor went to Yunyang to hold a military hunt.
25
武宗至道昭肅孝皇帝下會昌五年（ 乙丑，公元八四五年）
Emperor Wuzong, the Filial and Sagely, Huichang year 5 ( yichou, 845 CE)
26
春，正月，己酉朔，群臣上尊號曰仁聖文武章天成功神德明道大孝皇帝，尊號始無「道」字，中旨令加之。 庚戌，上謁太廟。 辛亥，祀昊天上帝，赦天下。 築望仙台於南郊。
In spring, on the first day of the first month, jiyou, the assembled ministers offered the honorific title Emperor Ren, Sage, Civil and Martial, Manifesting Heaven, Accomplishing Success, Divine in Virtue, Illuminating the Way, Greatly Filial. The title originally lacked the word "Way," but an order from the inner court directed that it be added. On gengxu, the emperor visited the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On xinhai, he sacrificed to the August Heaven and proclaimed a general amnesty throughout the realm. The Terrace for Gazing upon Immortals was built in the southern suburbs.
27
庚申，義安太后王氏崩。
On gengshen, Empress Dowager Wang of Yi'an died.
28
以秘書監盧弘宣為義武節度使。 弘宣性寬厚而難犯，為政簡易，其下便之。 河北之法，軍中偶語者斬。 弘宣至，除其法。 詔賜粟三十萬斛，在飛狐西，計運致之費逾於粟價，弘宣遣吏守之。 會春旱，弘宣命軍民隨意自往取之，粟皆入境，約秋稔償之。 時成德、魏博皆饑，獨易定之境無害。
Lu Hongxuan, director of the Palace Library, was appointed military governor of Yiwu. Hongxuan was generous and forbearing by nature, yet not to be crossed. He governed with simple, straightforward methods, and those under him found his rule easy to live with. In Hebei, the law held that anyone who spoke casually in the ranks was to be beheaded. When Hongxuan arrived, he abolished that law. An edict granted three hundred thousand hu of grain stored west of Feihu. The cost of transporting it would have exceeded the grain's value, so Hongxuan sent officials to guard the store. When a spring drought struck, Hongxuan let soldiers and civilians go and take the grain as they needed. All of it entered the prefecture, with repayment promised after the autumn harvest. At the time Chengde and Weibo were both in famine, but Yiding alone escaped harm.
29
淮南節度使李紳按江都令吳湘盜用程糧錢，強娶所部百姓顏悅女，估其資裝為贓，罪當死。 湘，武陵之兄子也，李德裕素惡武陵，議者多言其冤，諫官請覆按，詔遣監察御史崔元藻、李稠覆之。 還言：「湘盜程糧錢有實。 顏悅本衢州人，嘗為青州牙推，妻亦士族，與前獄異。」 德裕以為無與奪，二月，貶元藻端州司戶，稠汀州司戶。 不復更推，亦不付法司詳斷，即如紳奏，處湘死。 諫議大夫柳仲郢、敬晦皆上疏爭之，不納。 稠，晉江人； 晦，昕之弟也。
Li Shen, military governor of Huainan, investigated Wu Xiang, magistrate of Jiangdu, for embezzling official travel-grain funds, forcibly marrying Yan Yue's daughter, a commoner under his jurisdiction, and treating her dowry and belongings as stolen goods. The crime merited death. Wu Xiang was the nephew of Wu Ling's elder brother. Li Deyu had long hated Wu Ling, and many held that the case was unjust. Remonstrating officials asked for a reinvestigation, and the court dispatched Supervisory Censors Cui Yuanzao and Li Chou to review it. On their return they reported: "Wu Xiang's embezzlement of travel-grain funds is substantiated. Yan Yue was originally from Qu Prefecture and had once served as a military adjutant in Qing Prefecture. His wife was also from a gentry family, which made this case different from the earlier one." Deyu held that there was nothing further to decide. In the second month, Yuanzao was demoted to registrar of Duan Prefecture and Chou to registrar of Ting Prefecture. There was no further investigation, nor was the case sent to the judicial offices for detailed judgment. Following Shen's memorial exactly, Wu Xiang was sentenced to death. Remonstrance Grandees Liu Zhongyi and Jing Hui both submitted memorials disputing the decision, but the court would not hear them. Chou was a native of Jinjiang; Hui was the younger brother of Xin.
30
李德裕以柳仲郢為京兆尹。 素與牛僧孺善，謝德裕曰：「不意太慰恩獎及此，仰報厚德，敢不如奇章公門館！」 德裕不以為嫌。
Li Deyu appointed Liu Zhongyi prefect of the Capital District. He had long been friendly with Niu Sengru. Thanking Deyu, he said: "I never expected the Grand Marshal's gracious favor to reach this far. To repay such deep kindness, how could I fail to serve you as faithfully as a retainer in Lord Qizhang's household!" Deyu took no offense at this.
31
夏，四月，壬寅，以陝虢觀察使李試為冊黠戛斯可汗使。
In summer, on renyin of the fourth month, Li Shi, observation commissioner of Shan and Guo, was appointed envoy to invest the Qarluk khan.
32
五月，壬戌，葬恭僖皇后於光陵柏城之外。
In the fifth month, on renxu, Empress Gongxi was buried outside the cypress mound of Guang Mausoleum.
33
門下侍郎、同平章事二悰罷為右僕射，中書侍郎、同平章事崔鉉罷為戶部尚書。 乙丑，以戶部侍郎李回為中書侍郎、同平章事，判戶部如故。
Li Jue, vice director of the Chancellery and associate grand counselor, was removed from office and made right vice director of the Department of State. Cui Xuan, vice director of the Secretariat and associate grand counselor, was removed and made minister of revenue. On yichou, Li Hui, vice minister of revenue, was appointed vice director of the Secretariat and associate grand counselor, while continuing to oversee the Ministry of Revenue as before.
34
祠部奏括天下寺四千六百，蘭若四萬，僧尼二十六萬五百。
The Ministry of Rites reported a tally of four thousand six hundred temples throughout the realm, forty thousand hermitages, and two hundred sixty thousand five hundred monks and nuns.
35
詔冊黠戛斯可汗為宗英雄武誠明可汗。
An edict invested the Qarluk khan with the title Khan Zong, Heroic, Martial, Sincere, and Illuminating.
36
秋，七月，丙午朔，日有食之。
In autumn, on the first day of the seventh month, bingwu, there was a solar eclipse.
37
上惡僧尼耗蠹天下，欲去之，道士趙歸真等復勸之。 乃先毀山野招提、蘭若，至是，敕上都、東都兩街各留二寺，每寺留僧三十人； 天下節度、觀察使治所及同、華、商、汝州各留一寺，分為三等：上等留僧二十人，中等留十人，下等五人。 餘僧及尼並大秦穆護、襖僧皆勒歸俗。 寺非應留者，立期今所在毀撤，仍遣御史分道督之。 財貨田產並沒官，寺材以葺公廨驛捨，銅像、鐘磐以鑄錢。
The emperor hated how monks and nuns drained the resources of the realm and wished to remove them. The Daoist Zhao Guizhen and others urged him on again. He had already destroyed monasteries and hermitages in the mountains and wilderness. Now an edict ordered that in the two wards of each capital two temples be kept, with thirty monks left in each; at the seats of every military governor and observation commissioner, and in Tong, Hua, Shang, and Ru Prefectures, one temple was to remain in each place, divided into three grades: twenty monks for the upper grade, ten for the middle, and five for the lower. All remaining monks and nuns, together with Nestorian priests and Zoroastrian monks, were forced to return to lay life. Temples not on the retention list were given a fixed deadline for demolition wherever they stood, and censors were dispatched along separate routes to enforce it. Goods, wealth, and farmland were all confiscated by the state. Temple timber was used to repair government offices and post stations, and bronze images, bells, and chime stones were melted down for coinage.
38
以山南東道節度使鄭肅檢校右僕射、同平章事。
Zheng Su, military governor of Shannan East Circuit, was appointed acting right vice director of the Department of State and associate grand counselor.
39
詔發昭義騎兵五百、步兵千五百戍振武，節度使盧鈞出至裴村餞之，潞卒素驕，憚於遠戍，乘醉，回旗入城，閉門大噪，均奔潞城以避之。 監軍王惟直自出曉諭，亂兵擊之，傷，旬日而卒。 李德裕奏：「請詔河東節度使王宰以步騎一千守石會關，三千自儀州路據武安，以斷邢、洺之路； 又令河陽節度使石雄引兵守澤州，河中節度使韋恭甫發步騎千人戍晉州。 如此，賊必無能為。」 皆從之。
An edict dispatched five hundred cavalry and fifteen hundred infantry from Zhaoyi to garrison Zhenwu. Military Governor Lu Jun went out to Pei Village to see them off. The Lu troops had long been arrogant and dreaded service far from home. Drunk, they turned their banners, marched back into the city, shut the gates, and raised a great uproar. Lu Jun fled to Lucheng to escape them. Army supervisor Wang Weizhi went out himself to reason with them. The mutinous troops attacked him, wounding him, and he died ten days later. Li Deyu memorialized: "I ask that an edict order Wang Zai, military governor of Hedong, to hold Shihui Pass with one thousand infantry and cavalry, and send three thousand men by the route through Yi Prefecture to seize Wu'an, thereby cutting the roads to Xing and Ming; further, let Shi Xiong, military governor of Heyang, lead troops to hold Ze Prefecture, and Wei Gongfu, military governor of Hezhong, dispatch one thousand infantry and cavalry to garrison Jin Prefecture. In this way the rebels will be unable to act at all." All was approved.
40
八月，李德裕等奏：「東都九廟神主二十六，今貯於太微宮小屋，請以廢寺材復修太廟。」
In the eighth month, Li Deyu and others memorialized: "The twenty-six spirit tablets of the Eastern Capital's nine ancestral temples are now stored in a small building in the Palace of Great Subtlety. We ask that timber from abolished temples be used to restore the Imperial Ancestral Temple."
41
壬午，詔陳釋教之弊，宣告中外。 凡天下所毀寺四千六百餘區，歸俗僧尼二十六萬五百人，大秦穆護、祅僧二千餘人，毀招提、蘭若四萬餘區。 收良田數千萬頃，奴婢十五萬人。 所留僧皆隸主客，不隸祠部。 百官奉表稱賀。 尋又詔東都止留僧二十人，諸道留二十人者減其半，留十人者減三人，留五人者更不留。 五台僧多亡奔幽州。 李德裕召進奏官謂曰：「汝趣白本使，五台僧為將必不如幽州將，為卒必不如幽州卒，何為虛取容納之名，染於人口！ 獨不見近日劉從諫招聚無算閒人，竟有保益！」 張仲武乃封二刀付居庸關曰：「有游僧入境則斬之！」 主客郎中韋博以為事不宜太過，李德裕惡之，出為靈武節度副使。
On renwu, an edict set forth the evils of Buddhism and proclaimed them throughout the court and the realm. In all, more than four thousand six hundred temple compounds were destroyed throughout the realm. Two hundred sixty thousand five hundred monks and nuns returned to lay life, along with more than two thousand Nestorian priests and Zoroastrian monks. More than forty thousand monasteries and hermitages were demolished. Tens of millions of qing of fertile land were confiscated, along with one hundred fifty thousand male and female servants. The monks who remained were placed under the Ministry of Receptions rather than the Ministry of Rites. The officials submitted memorials of congratulation. Soon afterward another edict ordered that the Eastern Capital keep only twenty monks. Where a circuit had been allowed twenty, the number was cut in half; where ten had been allowed, three were removed; and where five had been allowed, none were to remain. Many monks from Wutai fled to You Prefecture. Li Deyu summoned the memorial-delivery officer and said: "Go quickly and tell your military governor: Wutai monks would make worse generals than Youzhou generals and worse soldiers than Youzhou soldiers. Why take in refugees for an empty reputation and let the talk stain your name! Have you not seen how Liu Congjian recently gathered countless idlers—and what benefit did it bring?" Zhang Zhongwu then sealed up two swords and sent them to Juyong Pass with the order: "If any wandering monk crosses the border, behead him!" Wei Bo, a director in the Ministry of Receptions, held that the policy had gone too far. Deyu resented this and sent him out as deputy military governor of Lingwu.
42
昭義亂兵奉都將李文矩為帥，文矩不從，亂兵亦不敢害。 文矩稍以禍福諭之，亂兵漸聽命，乃遣人謝盧鈞於潞城。 均還入上黨，復遣之戍振武。 行一驛，乃潛選兵追之。 明日，及於太平驛，盡殺之。 具以狀聞，且請罷河東、河陽兵在境上者，從之。
The mutinous Zhaoyi troops tried to make Chief Commander Li Wenju their leader. Wenju refused, and the mutineers did not dare harm him. Wenju gradually reasoned with them about the consequences of fortune and disaster. The mutineers slowly came around, and then sent a man to apologize to Lu Jun at Lucheng. Lu Jun returned to Shangdang and again dispatched the troops to garrison Zhenwu. After the troops had marched one post station, he secretly selected men and pursued them. The next day he caught up with them at Taiping Post and killed them all. He reported the full circumstances and also asked that the Hedong and Heyang troops stationed on the border be withdrawn. The request was approved.
43
九月，詔修東都太廟。
In the ninth month, an edict ordered the restoration of the Imperial Ancestral Temple in the Eastern Capital.
44
李德裕請置備邊庫，令戶部歲入錢帛十二萬緡匹，度支鹽鐵歲入錢帛十三萬緡匹，明年減其三之一，凡諸道所進助軍財貨者皆入焉，以度支郎中判之。
Li Deyu requested the establishment of a Border Defense Reserve Treasury. The Ministry of Revenue was to contribute one hundred twenty thousand strings and bolts of cash and silk each year, and the Salt and Iron Commission one hundred thirty thousand, with both amounts reduced by one-third the following year. All military aid presented by the circuits was to go into the treasury, overseen by a director in the Department of Public Works.
45
王才人寵冠後庭，上欲立以為後。 李德裕以才人寒族，且無子，恐不厭天下之望，乃止。
Lady Wang the Talented was the most favored woman in the inner palace, and the emperor wished to make her empress. Li Deyu argued that she came from a humble family and had no son, and feared she would not satisfy the expectations of the realm. The plan was dropped.
46
上餌方士金丹，性加躁急，喜怒不常。 冬，十月，上問李德裕以外事，對曰：「陛下威斷不測，外人頗驚懼。 向者寇逆暴橫，固宜以威制之； 今天下既平，願陛下寬理之，但使得罪者無怨，為善者不驚，則為寬矣。」
The emperor took the alchemists' golden elixir, and his temperament grew ever more irritable. His moods swung unpredictably. In winter, in the tenth month, the emperor asked Li Deyu about affairs beyond the palace. He replied: "Your Majesty's awesomeness and decisions are unpredictable, and outsiders are deeply alarmed. When rebels and traitors were violent and overbearing, it was right to control them with stern authority; but now that the realm is at peace, I hope Your Majesty will govern with leniency. Let those who have offended feel no resentment, and let those who do good feel no alarm—that would be true leniency."
47
以衡山道士劉玄靜為銀青光祿大夫、崇玄館學士，賜號廣成先生，為之治崇玄館，置吏鑄印。 玄靜固辭，乞還山，許之。
The Hengshan Daoist Liu Xuanjing was made Silver-Gleaming Grandee of Splendid Happiness and an academician of the Hall of Venerating Mystery, granted the style Master Guangcheng. The Hall of Venerating Mystery was furnished for him, with officials appointed and a seal cast. Xuanjing firmly declined and begged to return to the mountains. His request was granted.
48
李德裕秉政日久，好徇愛憎，人多怨之。 自杜悰、崔鉉罷相，宦官左右言其太專，上亦不悅。 給事中韋弘質上疏，言宰相權重，不應更領三司錢穀。 德裕奏稱：「制置職業，人主之柄。 弘質受人教導，所謂賤人圖柄臣，非所宜言。」 十二月，弘質坐貶官，由是眾怒愈甚。
Li Deyu had held power for a long time and indulged his personal likes and dislikes. Many resented him. Since Du Cong and Cui Xuan had been removed as chancellors, eunuchs at the emperor's side had said that Deyu was too domineering, and the emperor was displeased as well. Supervising Secretary Wei Hongzhi submitted a memorial arguing that the chancellor's authority was already weighty enough and that he should not also oversee the three bureaus' funds and grain. Deyu memorialized in reply: "The establishment and assignment of offices is the sovereign's prerogative. Hongzhi has been coached by others—what the ancients called a base man scheming against a minister in power—and such words ought not be spoken." In the twelfth month, Hongzhi was demoted for this, and public anger only grew fiercer.
49
上自秋冬以來，覺有疾，而道士以為換骨。 上秘其事，外人但怪上希復遊獵，宰相奏事者亦不敢久留。 詔罷來年正旦朝會。
Since autumn the emperor had felt unwell, but the Daoists told him it was the transformation of his bones—a sign the elixir was working. The emperor kept the matter secret. Outsiders only noticed that he seldom went hunting anymore, and chancellors presenting memorials did not dare linger. An edict canceled the New Year's Day court assembly for the coming year.
50
吐蕃論恐熱復糾合諸部擊尚婢婢，婢婢遣厖結藏將兵五千拒之，恐熱大敗，與數十騎遁去。 婢婢傳檄河、湟，數恐熱殘虐之罪，曰：「汝輩本唐人，吐蕃無主，則相與歸唐，毋為恐熱所獵如狐兔也！」 於是諸部從恐熱者稍稍引去。
The Tibetan Lun Dore again rallied the tribes to attack Shang Bibi. Bibi dispatched Mangjizang with five thousand troops to resist him. Dore was routed and fled with only a few dozen horsemen. Bibi circulated a proclamation through the He and Huang regions, listing Dore's crimes of cruelty and violence. It read: "You were originally men of Tang. If Tibet has no master, then come back to Tang together. Do not let yourselves be hunted like foxes and hares by Dore!" Thereupon the tribes that had followed Dore gradually peeled away.
51
是歲，天下戶四百九十五萬五千一百五十一。
That year, registered households throughout the realm numbered four million nine hundred fifty-five thousand one hundred fifty-one.
52
朝廷雖為党項置使，党項侵盜不已，攻陷邠、寧、鹽州界城堡，屯叱利寨。 宰相請遣使宣慰，上決意討之。
Although the court had appointed commissioners for the Tangut, the Tangut kept raiding without cease, capturing border fortresses in Bin, Ning, and Yan Prefectures and encamping at Chilizhai. The chancellors asked that envoys be sent to offer reassurance, but the emperor was resolved to campaign against them.
53
武宗至道昭肅孝皇帝下會昌六年（ 丙寅，公元八四六年）
Emperor Wuzong, the Filial and Sagely, Huichang year 6 ( bingyin, 846 CE)
54
春，二月，庚辰，以夏州節度使米暨為東北道招討党項使。 上疾久未平，以為漢火德，改「洛」為「雒」。 唐土德，不可以王氣勝君名。
In spring, on gengchen of the second month, Mi Ji, military governor of Xia Prefecture, was appointed commissioner for campaigning against the Tangut on the Northeast Circuit. “The emperor's illness continued for a long time without improvement. On the grounds that Han possessed the virtue of Fire, he ordered the place-name character for Luoyang changed from the water-radical form to the bird-radical form.” Since Tang possessed the virtue of Earth, the imperial aura associated with the capital's name must not be permitted to clash with the sovereign's own name.
55
三月，下詔改名炎。 上自正月乙卯不視朝，宰相請見，不許。 中外憂懼。
In the third month, an edict was issued changing his name to Yan. From the day yimao in the first month, the emperor ceased holding court. The chief ministers requested an audience, but he refused. Court and countryside alike were gripped by anxiety and fear.
56
初，憲宗納李錡妾鄭氏，生光王怡。 怡幼時，宮中皆以為不慧，太和以後，益自韜匿，群居游處，未嘗發言。 文宗幸十六宅宴集，好誘其言以為戲笑，號曰光叔。 上性豪邁，尤所不禮。 及上疾篤，旬日不能言。 諸宦官密於禁中定策，辛酉，下詔稱：「皇子沖幼，須選賢德，光王怡可立為皇太叔，更名忱，應軍國政事令權句當。」 太叔見百官，哀戚滿容； 裁決庶務，咸當於理，人始知有隱德焉。
Earlier, Emperor Xianzong took Zheng, a concubine of Li Qi, as his consort. She bore the Prince of Light, Yi. When Yi was young, everyone in the palace regarded him as dull-witted. After the Taihe era he concealed himself all the more, and amid group gatherings and amusements he never spoke. When Emperor Wenzong visited the Sixteen Mansions for feasts, he liked to coax words from him for sport and mockery, calling him Uncle Light. The emperor was bold and unrestrained by nature and showed Yi the least courtesy of all. When the emperor's illness became grave, he went ten days without speaking. The eunuchs secretly settled the succession within the forbidden precincts. On xinyou, an edict proclaimed: "The crown prince is still young and requires someone of worthy virtue. The Prince of Light Yi may be established as Imperial Grand Uncle, renamed Chen, and ordered provisionally to oversee all military and state affairs." When the Grand Uncle received the officials, his face was full of grief and sorrow; in deciding ordinary affairs, he handled everything according to reason, and people first learned that he possessed hidden virtue.
57
甲子，上崩。 以李德裕攝塚宰。 丁卯，宣宗即位。 宣宗素惡李德裕之專，即位之日，德裕奉冊。 既罷，謂左右曰：「適近我者非太尉邪？ 每顧我，使我毛髮灑淅。」
On jiazi, the emperor died. Li Deyu was appointed acting chief mourner. On dingmao, Emperor Xuanzong took the throne. Emperor Xuanzong had long disliked Li Deyu's dominance. On the day of his enthronement, Deyu presented the succession patent. When the ceremony was finished, he said to those beside him: "Was that not the Grand Commandant who just came near me? Every time he glanced at me, he made the hair on my body stand on end."
58
夏，四月，辛未朔，上始聽政。 尊母鄭氏為皇太后。 壬申，以門下侍郎、同平章事李德裕同平章事，充荊南節度使。 德裕秉權日久，位重有功，眾不謂其遽罷，聞之莫不驚駭。 甲戌，貶工部尚書、判鹽鐵轉運使薛元賞為忠州刺史，弟京兆少尹、權知府事元龜為崖州司戶，皆德裕之黨也。 杖殺道士趙歸真等數人，流羅浮山人軒轅集於嶺南。
In summer, the fourth month, on xinwei the first day of the month, the emperor began to hold court. He honored his mother Lady Zheng as Empress Dowager. On renshen, Li Deyu, Vice Director of the Secretariat and Associate Director of the Chancellery, was retained as Associate Director of the Chancellery and made military governor of Jingnan. Deyu had held power for a long time, his position was weighty and his achievements great. No one expected him to be dismissed so suddenly, and at the news all were astonished. On jiaxu, Xue Yuanshang, Minister of Works and Commissioner of Salt and Iron Transport, was demoted to prefect of Zhong Prefecture, and his younger brother Yuangui, Junior Vice Prefect of the Capital District and acting prefect, was demoted to registrar of Ya Prefecture. All were partisans of Deyu. Several Daoist priests including Zhao Guizhen were beaten to death, and Xuanyuan Ji of Mount Luofu was exiled to Lingnan.
59
五月，乙巳，赦天下。 上京兩街先聽留兩寺外，更各增置八寺； 僧、尼依前隸功德使，不隸主客，所度僧、尼仍令祠部給牒。 以翰林學士、兵部侍郎白敏中同平章事。 辛酉，立皇子溫為鄆王，水美為雍王，涇為雅王，滋為夔王，沂為慶王。
In the fifth month, on yisi, a general amnesty was proclaimed. In the two avenues of the capital, besides the two monasteries previously permitted to remain, eight more were established on each side; monks and nuns were again placed under the Merit Commissioner rather than the Ministry of Receptions, and newly ordained monks and nuns were still ordered to receive certificates from the Ministry of Rites. Bai Minzhong, Academician of the Hanlin Academy and Vice Minister of War, was made Associate Director of the Chancellery. On xinyou, the emperor's son Wen was made Prince of Yan, Shuimei Prince of Yong, Jing Prince of Ya, Zi Prince of Kui, and Yi Prince of Qing.
60
六月，禮儀使奏「請復代宗神主於太廟，以敬宗、文宗、武宗同為一代，於廟東增置兩室，為九代十一室。」 從之。
In the sixth month, the Commissioner of Ritual reported: "We request restoring Emperor Daizong's spirit tablet in the Imperial Ancestral Temple, treating Emperors Jingzong, Wenzong, and Wuzong as a single generation, adding two chambers on the east side of the temple, for nine generations and eleven chambers in all." The request was approved.
61
秋，七月，壬寅，淮南節度使李紳薨。 回鶻烏介可汗之眾稍稍降散及凍餒死，所餘不及三千人。 國相逸隱啜殺烏介於金山，立其弟特勒捻為可汗。
In autumn, the seventh month, on renyin, Li Shen, military governor of Huainan, died. The forces of the Uyghur Khan Wujie gradually surrendered and dispersed, or died of cold and starvation. Those remaining numbered fewer than three thousand. The national chancellor Yiyinchuo killed Wujie at Jin Mountain and established his younger brother Tele Nian as khan.
62
八月，壬申，葬至道昭肅孝皇帝於端陵，廟號武宗。 初，武宗疾困，顧王才人曰：「我死，汝當如何？」 對曰：「願從陛下於九泉！」 武宗以巾授之。 武宗崩，才人即縊。 上聞而矜之，贈貴妃，葬於端陵柏城之內。
In the eighth month, on renshen, the Zhi-dao Zhaosu Filial Emperor was buried at Duan Mausoleum. His temple name was Wuzong. Earlier, when Wuzong's illness was critical, he turned to the Talented Lady Wang and said: "When I die, what will you do?" She replied: "I wish to follow Your Majesty to the Nine Springs!" Wuzong handed her a scarf. When Wuzong died, the Talented Lady immediately hanged herself. When the emperor heard of it, he took pity on her. She was posthumously ennobled as Honored Consort and buried within the cypress precinct of Duan Mausoleum.
63
以循州司馬牛僧孺為衡州長史，封州流人李宗閔為郴州司馬，恩州司馬崔珙為安州長史，潮州刺史楊嗣復為江州刺史，昭州刺史李玨為郴州刺史。 僧孺等五相皆武宗所貶逐，至是，同日北遷。 宗閔未離封州而卒。
Niu Sengru, army administrator of Xun Prefecture, was made senior administrator of Heng Prefecture; Li Zongmin, an exile in Feng Prefecture, was made army administrator of Chen Prefecture; Cui Gong, army administrator of En Prefecture, was made senior administrator of An Prefecture; Yang Sifu, prefect of Chao Prefecture, was made prefect of Jiang Prefecture; and Li Jue, prefect of Zhao Prefecture, was made prefect of Chen Prefecture. All five of these chief ministers had been demoted and banished by Wuzong. Now, on the same day, they were transferred northward. Zongmin died before he could leave Feng Prefecture.
64
九月，以荊南節度使李德裕為東都留守，解平章事； 以中書侍郎、同平章事鄭肅同平章事，充荊南節度使。 以兵部侍郎、判度支盧商為中書侍郎、同平章事。 商，翰之族孫也。
In the ninth month, Li Deyu, military governor of Jingnan, was made keeper of the Eastern Capital and relieved of his chancellorship; Zheng Su, Vice Director of the Secretariat and Associate Director of the Chancellery, was retained as Associate Director and made military governor of Jingnan. Lu Shang, Vice Minister of War and Commissioner of the Treasury, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Associate Director of the Chancellery. Shang was a clansman descendant of Han.
65
冊黠戛斯可汗使者以國喪未行，或以為僻遠小國，不足與之抗衡。 回鶻未平，不應遽有建置。 詔百官集議，事遂寢。
The envoy to invest the Kirghiz khan did not depart because of the state mourning. Some held that this remote petty state was not worth treating as an equal rival. The Uyghurs were not yet settled, and such hasty arrangements should not be made. An edict ordered officials of all ranks to assemble and discuss the matter, and it was then dropped.
66
蠻寇安南，經略使裴元裕帥鄰道兵討之。
The barbarians raided Annam. Military Commissioner Pei Yuanyu led troops from neighboring circuits to attack them.
67
以右常侍李景讓為浙西觀察使。 初，景讓母鄭氏，性嚴明，早寡，家貧，居於東都。 諸子皆幼，母自教之。 宅後古牆因雨隤陷，得錢盈船，奴婢喜，走告母。 母往，焚香祝之曰：「吾聞無勞而獲，身之災也。 天必以先君餘慶，矜其貧而賜之，則願諸孤它日學問有成，乃其志也，此不敢取！」 遽命掩而築之。 三子景讓、景溫、景莊，皆舉進士及第。 景讓官達，發已斑白，小有過，不免捶楚。 景讓在浙西，有左都押牙迕景讓意，景讓杖之而斃。 軍中憤怒，將為變。 母聞之，景讓方視事，母出坐聽事，立景讓於庭而責之曰：「天子付汝以方面，國家刑法，豈得以為汝喜怒之資，妄殺無罪之人乎！ 萬一致一方不寧，豈惟上負朝廷，使垂年之母銜羞入地，何以見汝之先人乎！ 命左右褫其衣坐之，將撻其背。 將佐皆為之請，拜且泣，久乃釋之，軍中由是遂安。 景莊老於場屋，每被黜，母輒撻景讓。 然景讓終不肯屬主司，曰：「朝廷取士自有公道，豈敢效人求關節乎！」 久之，宰相謂主司曰：「李景莊今歲不可不收，可憐彼翁每歲受撻！」 由是始及第。
Li Jingrang was made inspector of Zhexi. Earlier, Jingrang's mother Lady Zheng was strict and clear-minded by nature. Widowed early and poor in means, she lived in the Eastern Capital. All her sons were still young, and the mother taught them herself. The ancient wall behind the house collapsed in the rain, revealing money enough to fill a boat. The servants rejoiced and ran to tell the mother. The mother went, burned incense, and prayed: "I have heard that gain without labor is a disaster for the person. Heaven must be showing pity for our poverty through my late husband's remaining blessings in granting this — then may these orphans one day achieve success in learning; that is my aspiration. This I dare not take!" She immediately ordered it covered and the wall rebuilt. Her three sons Jingrang, Jingwen, and Jingzhuang all passed the jinshi examination. Jingrang rose high in office, but though his hair was already streaked with gray, for the smallest fault he still received no exemption from beating. When Jingrang was in Zhexi, a left chief adjutant displeased him. Jingrang beat him with a staff until he died. The army was outraged and was about to mutiny. When the mother heard, Jingrang was just conducting business. The mother came out and sat in the hall of audience, made Jingrang stand in the courtyard, and rebuked him: "The Son of Heaven entrusted you with a frontier command. Can the laws of the state serve as resources for your whims, to kill innocent people without cause? If by any chance you unsettle the region, would you not fail the court above and make your aged mother die in shame? How then could you face your ancestors? She ordered attendants to strip his clothes and seat him, intending to flog his back. The staff all pleaded for him, bowing and weeping. Only after a long time was he released, and the army was thereby pacified. Jingzhuang grew old in the examination halls, and each time he failed, his mother would beat Jingrang. Yet Jingrang would never entreat the examiners, saying: "The court selects scholars by its own fair standard — how dare I imitate others in seeking backdoor connections!" After a long time, a chief minister told the examiners: "Li Jingzhuang must be passed this year — pity that old man who takes a beating every year!" Thereby Jingzhuang at last passed.
68
冬，十月，禮院奏禘祭祝文於穆、敬、文、武四室，但稱「嗣皇帝臣某昭告」，從之。
In winter, the tenth month, the Board of Ritual reported that in the di-sacrifice prayer texts for the chambers of Mu, Jing, Wen, and Wu, only "the succeeding emperor, your subject So-and-so, announces" should be used. The request was approved.
69
甲申，上受三洞法於菉衡山道士劉玄靜。 十二月，戊辰朔，日有食之。
On jiashen, the emperor received the Three Caverns teachings from the Daoist Liu Xuanjing of Mount Luheng. In the twelfth month, on wuchen the first day of the month, there was a solar eclipse.
70
宣宗元聖至明成武獻文睿智章仁神聰懿道大孝皇帝上
Emperor Xuanzong Yuan Sheng Zhi Ming Cheng Wu Xian Wen Rui Zhi Zhang Ren Shen Cong Yi Dao Da Xiao, Part One
71
宣宗至道昭肅孝皇帝下大中元年（ 丁卯，公元八四七年）
Emperor Xuanzong Zhi-dao Zhao Su the Filial, Part Two, Dazhong year 1 ( dingmao, CE 847)
72
春，正月，甲寅，上祀圓丘，赦天下，改元。
In spring, the first month, on jiayin, the emperor sacrificed at the Round Altar, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the reign era.
73
二月，庚午，加盧龍節度使張仲武同平章事，賞其屢破回鶻也。
In the second month, on gengwu, Zhang Zhongwu, military governor of Lulong, was granted the title Associate Director of the Chancellery, rewarding his repeated defeats of the Uyghurs.
74
癸未，上以旱故，減膳徹樂，出宮女，縱鷹隼，止營繕，命中書侍郎、同平章事盧商與御史中丞封敖疏理京城系囚。 大理卿馬植奏稱：「盧商等務行寬宥，凡抵極法者，一切免死。 彼官典犯贓及故殺人，平日大赦所不免，今因疏理而原之，使貪吏無所懲畏，死者銜冤無告，恐非所以消旱災、致和氣也。 昔周饑，克殷而年豐； 衛旱，討邢而雨降。 是則誅罪戮奸，式合天意，雪冤決滯，乃副聖心也。 乞再加裁定。」 詔兩省五品以上議之。
On guimei, because of drought the emperor reduced his meals, removed music, released palace women, freed hawks and falcons, halted construction, and ordered Lu Shang, Vice Director of the Secretariat and Associate Director of the Chancellery, and Supervisory Censor-in-Chief Feng Ao to review prisoners held in the capital. Court of Judicial Review Director Ma Zhi memorialized: "Lu Shang and others are bent on leniency. All who had merited the extreme penalty are entirely spared death. Those guilty officials of embezzlement and deliberate murder — whom even ordinary great amnesties do not exempt — are now pardoned through this review. This leaves corrupt officials with nothing to fear and the dead to bear grudges with none to hear them. I fear this is not the way to dispel drought disaster and summon harmonious qi. In antiquity, when Zhou suffered famine, they conquered Yin and the year was bountiful; when Wei suffered drought, they chastised Xing and rain fell. Thus punishing crimes and executing the wicked accords with Heaven's intent, and clearing wrongs and resolving stale cases fulfills the sage heart. I beg that further judgment be applied." An edict ordered officials of fifth rank and above in both secretariats to discuss it.
75
初，李德裕執政，引白敏中為翰林學士。 乃武宗崩，德裕失勢，敏中乘上下之怒，竭力排之，使其黨李鹹訟德裕罪，德裕由是自東都留守以太子少保、分司。 左諫議大夫張鷺等上言：「陛下以旱理系囚，慮有冤滯。 今所原死罪，無冤可雪，恐凶險僥倖之徒常思水旱為災，宜如馬植所奏。」 詔從之，皆論如法。 以植為刑部侍郎，充鹽鐵轉運使。 植素以文學政事有名於時，李德裕不之重。 及白敏中秉政，凡德裕所薄者，皆不次用之。 以盧商為武昌節度使，以刑部尚書、判度支崔元式為門下侍郎，翰林學士、戶部侍郎韋琮為中書侍郎，並同平章事。
Earlier, when Li Deyu held the government, he brought in Bai Minzhong as Hanlin Academician. When Wuzong died and Deyu lost power, Minzhong seized on the anger of sovereign and court, exerted himself to drive Deyu out, had his partisan Li Xian impeach Deyu, and Deyu was thus moved from keeper of the Eastern Capital to Junior Mentor of the Heir Apparent with a post outside the capital. Left Remonstrance Grandee Zhang Lu and others submitted: "Your Majesty reviewed prisoners held because of drought, fearing there were wrongs unresolved. Those now pardoned from death sentences have no wrongs to clear. I fear that vicious and opportunistic men will always hope drought and flood bring disaster. The court should follow Ma Zhi's memorial." The edict accepted this, and all were sentenced according to law. Ma Zhi was made Vice Minister of Justice and Commissioner of Salt and Iron Transport. Ma Zhi had long been renowned in his day for literary and administrative talent, but Li Deyu did not hold him in high regard. When Bai Minzhong held power, all whom Deyu had slighted were promoted out of turn. Lu Shang was made military governor of Wuchang; Cui Yuanshi, Minister of Justice and Commissioner of the Treasury, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat; and Wei Cong, Hanlin Academician and Vice Minister of Revenue, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat — all as Associate Directors of the Chancellery.
76
閏三月，敕：「應會昌五年所廢寺，有僧能營葺者，聽自居之，有司毋得禁止。」 是時君、相務反會昌之政，故僧、尼之弊皆復其舊。
In the intercalary third month, an edict proclaimed: "Of the monasteries abolished in Huichang year 5, wherever monks are able to repair them, let them dwell there. Officials must not prohibit it." At this time the sovereign and chancellor were bent on reversing Huichang policies, so the abuses of monks and nuns all returned to their former state.
77
己酉，積慶太后蕭氏崩。
On jiyou, Empress Dowager Xiao of Jiqing died.
78
五月，幽州節度使張仲武大破諸奚。
In the fifth month, Zhang Zhongwu, military governor of Youzhou, routed the Xi tribes.
79
吐蕃論恐熱乘武宗之喪，誘党項及回鶻餘眾寇河西，詔河東節度使王宰將代北諸軍擊之。 宰以沙陀朱邪赤心為前鋒，自麟州濟河，與恐熱戰於鹽州，破走之。
The Tibetan general Lun Kongre took advantage of Emperor Wuzong's death to stir up the Tangut and surviving Uyghurs against Hexi. The court ordered Wang Zai, military governor of Hedong, to march the northern frontier armies against him. Zai put the Shatuo chieftain Zhuo Yicheng at the head of his column, crossed the Yellow River from Lin Prefecture, met Kongre at Yan Prefecture, and broke his army in flight.
80
六月，以鴻臚卿李業為冊黠戛斯英武誠明可汗使。
In the sixth month, Li Ye, Minister of Ceremonies, was sent as envoy to invest the Kirghiz ruler with the title of Khan Yingwu Chengming.
81
上請白敏中曰：「朕昔從憲宗之喪，道遇風雨，百官、六宮四散避去，惟山陵使長而多髯，攀靈駕不去，誰也？」 對曰：「令狐楚。」 上曰：「有子乎？」 對曰：「長子緒今為隨州刺史。」 上曰：「堪為相乎？」 對曰：「緒少病風痺。 次子綯，前湖州刺史，有才器。」 上即擢為考功郎中、知制誥。 綯入謝，上問以元和故事，綯條對甚悉，上悅，遂有大用之意。
The emperor asked Bai Minzhong: "When I once followed Emperor Xianzong's funeral cortege, a storm struck on the road. Officials and palace women fled in every direction—only one man, tall and bearded, the director of the imperial tomb, clung to the spirit carriage and would not leave. Who was he?" Minzhong answered, "Linghu Chu." The emperor asked, "Does he have sons?" "His eldest son Xu is now prefect of Suizhou." "Would he be fit for the chancellorship?" "Xu has been afflicted with paralysis since he was young. The second son, Tao, formerly prefect of Huzhou, has talent and ability." The emperor at once promoted Tao to Director of the Bureau of Evaluation and Controller of Drafts. When Tao came to give thanks, the emperor tested him on Yuanhe-era precedents. Tao answered point by point with exhaustive detail. The emperor was delighted and began to think of giving him high office.
82
秋，八月，丙申，以門下侍郎、同平章事李回同平章事，充西川節度使。
In autumn, the eighth month, on bingshen, Li Hui—Vice Director of the Chancellery and Associate Director of the Chancellery—was confirmed in the chancellorship and assigned as military governor of Xichuan.
83
葬貞獻皇后於光陵之側。
Empress Zhenxian was buried beside Emperor Xianzong's Guang Mausoleum.
84
上敦睦兄弟，作雍和殿於十六宅，數臨幸，置酒，作樂，擊球盡歡。 諸王有疾，常親至臥內存問，憂形於色。
The emperor cultivated brotherly affection. He built the Yonghe Hall in the princes' Sixteen Mansions, visited often, set out wine, ordered music, and played cuju with them in full merriment. Whenever a prince fell ill, he would go in person to the sickroom to inquire after him, his face clouded with worry.
85
突厥掠漕米及行商，振武節度使史憲忠擊破之。
Turks raided grain transports and merchant traffic. Shi Xianzhong, military governor of Zhenwu, struck them and broke their force.
86
九月，丁卯，以金吾大將軍鄭光為平盧節度使。 光，潤州人，太后之弟也。
In the ninth month, on dingmao, Zheng Guang, Grand General of the Imperial Guard, was appointed military governor of Pinglu. Guang was from Runzhou—the empress dowager's younger brother.
87
乙酉，前永寧尉吳汝納，訟其弟湘罪不至死，「李紳與李德裕相表裡，期罔武宗，枉殺臣弟，乞召江州司戶崔元藻等對辨。」 丁亥，敕御史台鞫實以聞。
On yiyou, Wu Runa, former captain of Yongning, petitioned that his brother Xiang's offense did not warrant death: "Li Shen and Li Deyu worked hand in glove, plotting to mislead Emperor Wuzong and put my brother to death unjustly. I ask that Cui Yuanzao, registrar of Jiang Prefecture, and others be summoned to testify and cross-examine the case." On dinghai, the emperor ordered the Censorate to investigate and report back.
88
冬，十二月，庚戌，御史台奏，據崔元藻所列吳湘冤狀，如吳汝納之言。 戊午，貶太子少保、分司李德裕為潮州司馬。
In winter, the twelfth month, on gengxu, the Censorate reported that Cui Yuanzao's account of Wu Xiang's wrongful conviction confirmed Wu Runa's allegations. On wuwu, Li Deyu—Junior Mentor of the Heir Apparent on detached duty—was demoted to military adjutant of Chaozhou.
89
吏部奏，會昌四年所減州縣官內復增三百八十三員。
The Ministry of Personnel reported that three hundred eighty-three of the prefectural and county posts cut in Huichang year 4 had already been restored.
90
宣宗至道昭肅孝皇帝下大中二年（ 戊辰，公元八四八年）
Emperor Xuanzong, the Filial and Sagely, Dazhong year 2 ( wuchen, 848 CE)
91
正月，甲子，群臣上尊號曰聖敬文思和武光孝皇帝； 赦天下。
In the first month, on jiazi, the ministers offered the honorific title Emperor Shengjing Wensi Hewu Guangxiao; and a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm.
92
初，李德裕執政，有薦丁柔立清直可任諫官者，德裕不能用。 上即位，柔立為右補闕。 德裕貶潮州，柔立上疏訟其冤。 丙寅，坐阿附貶南陽尉。
Earlier, while Li Deyu was in power, someone recommended Ding Rouli as upright and fit for a remonstrance post, but Deyu would not use him. When the new emperor took the throne, Rouli was appointed Right Remonstrance Officer. After Deyu was demoted to Chaozhou, Rouli submitted a memorial protesting his unjust treatment. On bingyin, for currying favor with the disgraced minister, he was demoted to captain of Nanyang.
93
西川節度使李回、桂管觀察使鄭亞坐前不能直吳湘冤，乙酉，回左遷湖南觀察使，亞貶循州刺史，李紳追奪三任告身。 中書舍人崔嘏坐草李德裕制不盡言其罪，己丑，貶端州刺史。
Li Hui, military governor of Xichuan, and Zheng Ya, observation commissioner of Guiguan, were punished for failing to redress Wu Xiang's wrongful conviction. On yiyou, Hui was transferred to Hunan as observation commissioner, Ya was demoted to prefect of Xunzhou, and Li Shen's commissions for three past appointments were revoked. Cui Gu, Drafting Secretary of the Secretariat, was punished for drafting Li Deyu's demotion edict without fully enumerating his offenses. On jichou, he was demoted to prefect of Duanzhou.
94
回鶻遏捻可汗仰給於奚王石捨朗。 及張仲琥大破奚眾，回鶻無所得食，日益耗散。 至是，所存貴臣以下不滿五百人，依於室韋。 使者入賀正，過幽州，張仲武使歸取遏捻等。 遏捻聞之，夜與妻葛祿、子特勒毒斯等九騎西走，餘眾追之不及，相與大哭。 室韋分回鶻餘眾為七，七姓共分之。 居二日，黠戛斯遣其相阿播帥諸胡兵號七萬來取回鶻，大破室韋，悉收回鶻餘眾歸磧北。 猶有數帳，潛竄山林，鈔盜諸胡。 其別部厖勒，先在安西，亦自稱可汗，居甘州，總磧西諸城，種落微弱，時入獻見。
The Uyghur Khan Enian depended on the Xi chieftain Shi Sheleng for his livelihood. After Zhang Zhonghu routed the Xi, the Uyghurs could no longer find food and dwindled day by day. By then fewer than five hundred Uyghurs remained, from nobles down to commoners, and they took refuge with the Shiwei. When an envoy came to offer New Year's greetings and passed through Youzhou, Zhang Zhongwu sent him back to capture Enian and his followers. Enian heard of the plot and fled west by night with nine companions—his wife Gelu, his son Teledusi, and seven others. The rest pursued but could not catch them, and together they broke into loud weeping. The Shiwei divided the surviving Uyghurs into seven groups and distributed them among seven clans. Two days later the Kirghiz chancellor A Bo marched with a force said to number seventy thousand to reclaim the Uyghurs. He routed the Shiwei and carried all the surviving Uyghurs back north of the desert. A few bands still lurked in the forests and raided neighboring tribes. A separate Uyghur branch under Pang Le, long settled in Anxi, also styled himself khan. Based at Gan Prefecture, he held sway over the oasis towns west of the desert. His people were few and weak, but he sent tribute and audiences from time to time.
95
二月，庚子，以知制誥令狐綯為翰林學士。 上嘗以太宗所撰《金鏡》授綯，使讀之，「至亂未嘗不任不肖，至治未嘗不任忠賢，」上止之曰：「凡求致太平，當以此言為首。」 又書《貞觀政要》於屏風，每正色拱手而讀之。 上欲知百官名數，令狐`綯曰：「六品已下，官卑數多，皆吏部注擬； 五品以上，則政府制授，各有籍，命曰具員。」 上命宰相作《具員御覽》五卷，上之，常置於案上。 立皇子澤為濮王。 上欲作五王院於大明宮，以處皇子之幼者，召術士柴岳明使相其地。 岳明對曰：「臣庶之家，廷徙不常，故有自陽宅入陰宅，陰宅入陽宅。 刑克禍福，師有其說，今陛下深拱法宮，萬神擁衛，陰陽書本不言帝王家。」 上善其言，賜束帛遣之。」
In the second month, on gengzi, Linghu Tao, Controller of Drafts, was appointed Hanlin Academician. The emperor once handed Tao Emperor Taizong's Golden Mirror and had him read aloud: "In ages of chaos, unworthy men are always put in office; in ages of good order, loyal and worthy men always are." The emperor stopped him and said: "Whoever seeks to bring the realm to peace must take that line as his first principle." He also had passages from the Essentials of Government from the Zhenguan Reign copied onto a screen and would read them with grave face and joined hands. When the emperor wished to know the roster of officials, Linghu Tao said: "For ranks of the sixth grade and below, the posts are humble and numerous—all are nominated by the Ministry of Personnel; for the fifth grade and above, appointments come directly from the throne. Each office has a register—the Full Establishment." The emperor ordered the chancellors to compile the Imperial Review of the Full Establishment in five scrolls and submit it. He kept the work on his desk at all times. Prince Ze, the emperor's son, was enfeoffed as Prince of Pu. The emperor wished to build a Court of the Five Princes in Daming Palace for his younger sons. He summoned the geomancer Chai Yueming to survey the site. Yueming replied: "Common households move their dwellings often, and so geomancers speak of passing from a yang dwelling into a yin one, and from a yin dwelling back into a yang one. Masters have their theories about auspice and misfortune, clash and harmony—but Your Majesty sits deep within the palace of law, guarded by ten thousand spirits. The yin-yang texts were never written for imperial households." The emperor approved his answer, rewarded him with silk, and dismissed him."
96
夏，五月，己未朔，日有食之。
In summer, the fifth month, on the first day jiawei, there was a solar eclipse.
97
門下侍郎、同平章事崔元式罷為戶部尚書。 以兵部侍郎、判度支、戶部周墀、刑部侍郎、鹽鐵轉運使馬植並同平章事。 初，墀為義成節度使，辟韋澳為判官，及為相，謂澳曰：「力小任重，何以相助？」 澳曰：「願相公無權。」 墀愕然，不知所措。 澳曰：「官賞刑罰，與天下共其可否，勿以己之愛憎喜怒移之，天下自理，何權之有！」 墀深然之。 澳，貫之之子也。
Cui Yuanshi, Vice Director of the Chancellery and Associate Director of the Chancellery, was removed from the chancellorship and made Minister of Revenue. Zhou Chi—Vice Minister of War and acting Commissioner of the Finance and Revenue Commissions—and Ma Zhi—Vice Minister of Justice and Salt and Iron Transport Commissioner—were both appointed Associate Directors of the Chancellery. When Chi had been military governor of Yicheng, he had recruited Wei Ao as his administrative aide. After becoming chancellor, he said to Ao: "My strength is slight and my burden great—how can you help me?" Ao said, "I wish you would wield no power at all." Chi was stunned and did not know what to say. Ao said: "Appointments, rewards, and punishments should be decided with the realm, not shifted by your private likes, dislikes, joy, or anger. Let the realm govern itself—what need is there for power?" Chi was deeply convinced. Ao was the son of Wei Guanzhi.
98
己卯，太皇太后郭氏崩於興慶宮。
On jimao, Grand Empress Dowager Guo died in Xingqing Palace.
99
六月，禮院檢討官王皞貶句容令。 初，憲宗之崩，上疑郭太后預其謀。 又，鄭太后本郭太后侍兒，有宿怨，故上即位，待郭太后禮殊薄，郭太后意怏怏。 一日，登勤政樓，欲自隕。 上聞之，大怒，是夕，崩，外人頗有異論。 上以鄭太后故，不欲以郭后祔憲宗。 有司請葬景陵外園，皞奏宜合葬景陵，神主配憲宗室。 奏入，上大怒。 白敏中召皞詰之。 皞曰：「太皇太后，汾陽王之孫，憲宗在東宮為正妃，逮事順宗為婦。 憲宗厭代之夕，事出暖昧。 太皇太后母天下，歷五朝，豈得以暖昧之事遽廢正嫡之禮乎！」 敏中怒甚，皞辭氣愈厲。 諸相會食，周墀立於敏中之門以俟之。 敏中使謝曰：「方為一書生所苦，公弟先行。」 墀入，至敏中廳問其事，見皞爭辨方急，墀舉手加顙，歎皞孤直。 明日，皞坐貶官。
In the sixth month, Wang Hao, review officer of the Board of Rites, was demoted to magistrate of Jurong. When Emperor Xianzong died, the new emperor had suspected Empress Dowager Guo of complicity in the plot. Empress Dowager Zheng had once been a maid in Empress Dowager Guo's service, and the two bore an old grudge. When the new emperor took the throne, he treated Empress Dowager Guo with conspicuous coldness, and she grew deeply resentful. One day she climbed the Qinzheng Tower, intending to throw herself to her death. When the emperor heard of it, he flew into a rage. That very night she died, and many outside the palace whispered darkly about it. Because of Empress Dowager Zheng, the emperor did not wish to have Empress Guo enshrined beside Emperor Xianzong. The responsible offices proposed burying her in the outer precinct of Jing Mausoleum. Hao memorialized that she ought to be buried jointly in Jing Mausoleum, with her spirit tablet placed in Emperor Xianzong's shrine. When the memorial reached the throne, the emperor was furious. Bai Minzhong summoned Hao and pressed him for an explanation. Hao said: "The Grand Empress Dowager was a granddaughter of the Prince of Fenyang. When Emperor Xianzong was heir apparent, she was his principal consort, and she served Emperor Shunzong as daughter-in-law. On the night Emperor Xianzong died, the circumstances were murky. The Grand Empress Dowager was mother to the realm and lived through five reigns—how can murky rumors be grounds to deny a principal consort her rightful rites!" Minzhong grew angrier, but Hao's tone only sharpened. The chancellors were to dine together. Zhou Chi waited at Minzhong's gate. Minzhong sent word: "I am being harried by a mere scholar—go on ahead without me." Chi went in, found Minzhong's hall, and saw Hao still arguing fiercely. Chi raised his hand to his forehead and sighed at the man's lonely integrity. The next day Hao was demoted.
100
秋，九月，甲子，再貶潮州司馬李德裕為崖州司戶，湖南觀察使李回為賀州刺史。
In autumn, the ninth month, on jiazi, Li Deyu—already demoted to military adjutant of Chaozhou—was sent down again to registrar of Yazhou, and Li Hui, observation commissioner of Hunan, was demoted to prefect of Hezhou.
101
前鳳翔節度使石雄詣政府自陳黑山、烏嶺之功，求一鎮以終老。 執政以雄李德裕所薦，曰：「向日之功，朝廷蒲、孟、岐三鎮酬之，足矣。」 除左神武統軍。 雄怏怏而薨。
Shi Xiong, former military governor of Fengxiang, came before the court to recount his victories at Heishan and Wuling and asked for one frontier post where he might live out his days. The ministers, noting that Xiong had been Li Deyu's protégé, said: "The court already rewarded his past service with the three commands of Pu, Meng, and Qi—that is enough." He was appointed Commander of the Left Divine Martial Army. Xiong died, bitter and disheartened.
102
十一月，庚午，萬壽公主適起居郎鄭顥。 顥，絪之孫，登進士第，為校書郎、右拾遺內供奉，以文雅著稱。 公主，上之愛女，故選顥尚之。 有司循舊制請用銀裝車，上曰：「吾欲以儉約化天下，當自親者始。」 令依外命婦以銅裝車。 詔公主執婦禮，皆如臣庶之法，戒以毋得輕夫族，毋得預時事。 又申以手詔曰：「苟違吾戒，必有太平、安樂之禍。」 顥弟顗，嘗得危疾，上遣使視之。 還，問「公主何在？」 曰：「在慈恩寺觀戲場。」 上怒，歎曰：「我怪士大夫家不欲與我家為昏，良有以也！」 亟命召公主入宮，立之階下，不之視。 公主懼，涕泣謝罪。 上責之曰：「豈有小郎病，不往省視，乃觀戲乎！」 遣婦鄭氏。 由是終上之世，貴戚皆兢兢守禮法，如山東衣冠之族。
In the eleventh month, on gengwu, Princess Wanshou was given in marriage to Zheng Hao, Attendant of the Emperor. Hao was a grandson of Zheng Yin. He had passed the jinshi examination, served as collator and Right Remonstrance Officer on inner palace duty, and was known for literary grace. The princess was the emperor's favorite daughter, and so Hao was chosen as her husband. The responsible offices, following precedent, requested a silver-decorated bridal carriage. The emperor said: "I mean to teach thrift to the realm, and that must begin with my own kin." He ordered a copper-decorated carriage, as used by wives of outer nobility. An edict commanded the princess to observe wifely rites exactly as common subjects did, warning her not to slight her husband's family and not to meddle in affairs of state. He reinforced the command in a personal edict: "If you defy my warning, you will bring down the fate of Princess Taiping and Princess Anle upon yourself." When Hao's younger brother Yi fell gravely ill, the emperor sent an envoy to inquire after him. On his return, the emperor asked, "Where is the princess?" He was told, "At Cien Temple, watching a performance." The emperor flew into a rage and sighed: "No wonder gentry families did not want to marry into the imperial house—they had their reasons!" He immediately ordered the princess brought to the palace, had her stand below the steps, and refused to look at her. The princess was terrified. Weeping, she begged forgiveness. The emperor rebuked her: "Your young brother-in-law is ill, and you do not go to see him—you go watch a play instead?" He sent her back to the Zheng household. From then until the end of his reign, the imperial in-laws all observed ritual and law with anxious care, like the gentry families of the eastern provinces.
103
壬午，葬懿安皇后於景陵之側。
On renwu, Empress Yian was buried beside Jing Mausoleum.
104
以中書侍郎、同平章事韋琮為太子賓客、分司。
Wei Cong, Vice Director of the Secretariat and Co-Head of Government Affairs, was made Crown Prince's Mentor with duty at the secondary capital.
105
十二月，鳳翔節度使崔珙奏破吐蕃，克清水。 清水先隸秦州，詔以本州未復，權隸鳳翔。
In the twelfth month, Cui Gong, military governor of Fengxiang, reported a victory over the Tibetans and the capture of Qingshui. Qingshui had formerly belonged to Qinzhou, but an edict ordered that, since that prefecture had not yet been recovered, it should temporarily be placed under Fengxiang.
106
上見憲宗朝公卿子孫，多擢用之。 刑部員外郎杜勝次對，上問其家世，對曰：「臣父黃裳，首請憲宗監國。」 即除給事中。 翰林學士裴諗，度之子也，上幸翰林，面除承旨。
The emperor noticed many descendants of Xianzong's ministers and promoted them widely. Du Sheng, Vice Director of the Ministry of Justice, answered in secondary audience. The emperor asked about his family, and he replied: "My father Huang Shang was the first to ask that Xianzong oversee the realm as regent." He was immediately appointed Gentleman Attendant. Pei Shen, a Hanlin Academician and son of Pei Du, was appointed Chief Academician on the spot when the emperor visited the Hanlin Academy.
107
吐蕃論恐熱遣其將恭羅急藏將兵二萬略地西鄙，尚婢婢遣其將拓跋懷光擊之於南谷，大破之，急藏降。
The Tibetan Lun Dore sent his general Gongluo Jizang with twenty thousand troops to raid the western frontier. Shang Bibi dispatched her general Tuoba Huaiguang to meet him at Southern Valley, routed him completely, and Jizang surrendered.
108
宣宗至道昭肅孝皇帝下大中三年（ 己巳，公元八四九年）
Emperor Xuanzong, the Filial and Sagely, Dazhong year 3 ( jisi, CE 849)
109
春，正月，上與宰相論元和循吏孰為第一，周墀曰：「臣嘗守土江西，聞觀察使韋丹功德被於八州，沒四十年，老稚歌思，如丹尚存。」 乙亥，詔史館修撰杜牧撰《丹遺愛碑》以紀之，仍擢其子河陽觀察判官宙為御史。
In spring, the first month, the emperor asked his chief ministers which of Yuanhe's conscientious local officials ranked first. Zhou Chi said: "When I served in Jiangxi, I heard that Observation Commissioner Wei Dan's virtue and merit had spread through eight prefectures. Though he had been dead forty years, the old and young still sang of him with longing, as if Dan were still alive." On yihai, an edict ordered Du Mu, Compiler of the Historiography Institute, to compose the Stele of Dan's Enduring Kindness in his honor. Wei Dan's son Zhou, administrative aide to the Heyang observation commission, was also promoted to Censor.
110
二月，吐蕃論恐熱軍於河州，尚婢婢軍於河源軍。 婢婢諸將欲擊恐熱，婢婢曰：「不可。 我軍驟勝而輕敵，彼窮困而致死，戰必不利。」 諸將不從。 婢婢知其必敗，據河橋以待之，諸將果敗。 婢婢收餘眾，焚橋，歸鄯州。
In the second month, the Tibetan Lun Dore encamped at Hezhou, and Shang Bibi encamped at Heyuan Fortress. Bibi's generals wanted to attack Lun Dore, but Bibi said: "No. Our army, flush with sudden victory, will treat the enemy lightly; theirs, cornered and desperate, will fight to the death. The battle will surely go against us." The generals would not listen. Bibi, knowing they would be defeated, held the river bridge and waited. The generals were routed, just as she had foreseen. Bibi gathered the survivors, burned the bridge, and withdrew to Zhaozhou.
111
吐蕃秦、原、安樂三州及石門等七關來降。 以太僕卿陸耽為宜諭使，詔涇原、寧武、鳳翔、邠寧、振武皆出兵應接。
The three prefectures of Qin, Yuan, and Anle, together with the seven passes including Shimen, surrendered from Tibetan control. Lu Gan, Grand Master of Horse, was appointed Commissioner of Pacification and Proclamation. An edict ordered Jingyuan, Ningwu, Fengxiang, Binning, and Zhenwu all to dispatch troops in support.
112
河東節度使王宰入朝，以貨結貴幸，求以使相領宣武。 刑部尚書、同平章事周墀上疏論之，宰遂還鎮。 附馬都尉韋讓求為京兆尹，墀言京兆尹非才望不可為，讓議意寢。 墀又諫上開邊，由是忤旨。 夏，四月，以墀為東川節度使，以御史大夫崔鉉為中書侍郎、同平章事，兵部侍郎、判戶部魏扶同平章事。
Wang Zai, military governor of Hedong, came to court. Through gifts he cultivated the emperor's favorites and sought to take command of Xuanwu as a commissioner-chancellor. Zhou Chi, Minister of Justice and Co-Head of Government Affairs, submitted a memorial criticizing the request, and Zai returned to his command. Wei Rang, an imperial son-in-law, sought appointment as Jingzhao Intendant. Chi argued that the post required talent and reputation, and Rang's proposal was dropped. Chi also remonstrated against the emperor's frontier campaigns, and for this ran afoul of the throne. In summer, the fourth month, Chi was appointed military governor of Dongchuan. Cui Xuan, Chief Censor, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Co-Head of Government Affairs, and Wei Fu, Vice Director of the Ministry of War and Acting Director of the Ministry of Revenue, was made Co-Head of Government Affairs.
113
癸巳，盧龍奏節度使張仲武薨，軍中立其子節度押牙直方。
On guisi, Lulong reported that military governor Zhang Zhongwu had died. The army installed his son Zhifang, chief military adjutant of the command, as governor.
114
翰林學士鄭顥言於上曰：「周墀以直言入相，亦以直言罷相。」 上深感悟，甲午，墀入謝，加檢校右僕射。
Hanlin Academician Zheng Hao said to the emperor: "Zhou Chi entered the chancellorship through upright speech, and left it through upright speech as well." The emperor was deeply moved. On jiawu, Chi came to give thanks for his appointment and was given the additional title of acting Right Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat.
115
戊戌，以張直方為盧龍留後。
On wuxu, Zhang Zhifang was made acting governor of Lulong.
116
五月，徐州軍亂，逐節度使李廓。 廓，程之子也，在鎮不治。 右補闕鄭魯上言其狀，且曰：「臣恐新麥未登，徐師必亂。 速命良帥，救此一方。」 上未之省。 徐州果亂，上思魯言，擢為起居舍人。 以義成節度使盧弘止為武寧節度使。 武寧士卒素驕，有銀刀都尤甚，屢逐主帥。 弘止至鎮，都虞候胡慶方復謀作亂，弘止誅之，撫循其餘，訓以忠義，軍府由是獲安。
In the fifth month, the armies of Xuzhou mutinied and drove out military governor Li Kuo. Kuo was Cheng's son and had governed poorly in command. Zheng Lu, Right Supplementation Censor, set forth the situation in a memorial, adding: "I fear that before the new wheat is harvested, the troops of Xu will surely revolt. Appoint a capable commander at once and save this region." The emperor paid no heed. Xuzhou did indeed revolt. The emperor recalled Lu's warning and promoted him to Attendant of Daily Affairs. Lu Hongzhi, military governor of Yicheng, was appointed military governor of Wuning. The soldiers of Wuning had long been unruly; the Silver Blade unit worst of all, and they had repeatedly driven off their commanders. When Hongzhi arrived, Chief Commandant Hu Qingfang plotted mutiny again. Hongzhi executed him, soothed the rest, and instructed them in loyalty and righteousness. The army and headquarters were thereafter secure.
117
六月，戊申，以張直方為盧龍節度使。
In the sixth month, on wushen, Zhang Zhifang was appointed military governor of Lulong.
118
涇原節度使康季榮取原州及石門、驛藏、木峽、制勝、六磐、石峽六關。 秋，七月，丁巳，靈武節度使朱叔明聚長樂州。 甲子，邠寧節度使張君緒取蕭關。 甲戌，鳳翔節度使李玭取秦州。 詔邠寧節度權移軍於寧州以應接河西。
Kang Jirong, military governor of Jingyuan, took Yuanzhou and the six passes of Shimen, Yizang, Muxia, Zhisheng, Liupan, and Shixia. In autumn, the seventh month, on dingsi, Zhu Shuming, military governor of Lingwu, consolidated control of Changzhou. On jiazi, Zhang Junxu, military governor of Binning, took Xiao Pass. On jiaxu, Li Pin, military governor of Fengxiang, took Qinzhou. An edict ordered the Binning garrison temporarily to move its army to Ningzhou to support the Hexi front.
119
八月，乙酉，改長樂州為威州。 河、隴老幼千餘人詣闕，己丑，上御延喜門樓見之，歡呼舞躍，解胡服，襲冠帶，觀者皆呼萬歲。 詔「募百姓墾闢三州、七關土田，五年不租稅，自今京城罪人應配流者皆配十處。 四道將吏能於鎮戍之地為營田者，官給牛及種糧，溫池鹽利可贍邊陲，委度支制置。 其三州、七關鎮戍之卒，皆倍給衣糧，仍二年一代。 道路建置堡柵，有商旅往來販易及戍卒子弟通傳家信，關鎮毋得留難。 其山南、劍南邊境有沒蕃州縣，亦令量力收復。」
In the eighth month, on yiyou, Changzhou was renamed Weizhou. More than a thousand old and young from He and Long came to the capital. On jichou the emperor mounted the tower of the Yanxi Gate to receive them. They shouted for joy and danced, doffing barbarian dress and putting on caps and sashes, while onlookers all cried ten thousand years. An edict ordered: "Recruit common people to reclaim the farmland of the three prefectures and seven passes. For five years no rent or tax shall be levied. From now on, criminals in the capital sentenced to exile shall all be sent to these ten places. Military officers of the four circuits who can establish garrison farmlands in defended areas shall receive oxen and seed grain from the government. The salt profits of Warm Springs Pool can supply the frontier, and this shall be arranged by the Directorate of Revenue. The garrison soldiers defending the three prefectures and seven passes shall all receive double clothing and provisions, with tours of duty rotating every two years. Forts and stockades shall be established along the roads. Merchants traveling to trade and the sons and younger brothers of garrison soldiers carrying family letters may not be obstructed by pass and barrier officials. Where prefectures and counties on the southern Shannan and Jiannan frontier have fallen to Tibet, they are likewise ordered to recover what they can according to local strength."
120
冬，十月，改備邊庫為延資庫。
In winter, the tenth month, the Border Defense Reserve Treasury was renamed the Extended Resources Treasury.
121
西川節充使杜悰奏取維州。
Du Cong, military governor of Xichuan, reported recovering Weizhou.
122
閏十一月，丁酉，宰相以克復河、湟，請上尊號。 上曰：「憲宗常有志復河、湟，以中原方用兵，未遂而崩，今乃克成先志耳。 其議加順、憲二廟尊謚以昭功烈。」
In the intercalary eleventh month, on dingyou, the chief ministers, because the He and Huang regions had been recovered, requested that the emperor accept an honorific title. The emperor said: "Xianzong long cherished the aim of recovering He and Huang, but the Central Plains were then at war and he died before achieving it. We have now simply fulfilled his former intent. Let the discussion instead add posthumous honorific titles for the temples of Shun and Xian to manifest their achievements."
123
盧龍節度使張直方，暴忍，喜遊獵。 軍中將作亂，直方知之，託言出獵，遂舉族逃歸京師。 軍中推牙將周綝為留後，直方至京師，拜金吾大將軍。
Zhang Zhifang, military governor of Lulong, was violent and cruel and fond of hunting. When the army was about to mutiny, Zhifang learned of it. Claiming he was going out to hunt, he fled with his entire clan back to the capital. The army installed the junior officer Zhou Lin as acting governor. Zhifang reached the capital and was appointed Grand General of the Gold Wu Guard.
124
甲戌，追上順宗謚曰至德弘道大聖大安孝皇帝，憲宗謚曰昭文章武大聖至神孝皇帝。 仍改題神主。
On jiaxu, Emperor Shunzong was given the posthumous title Emperor Zhide Hongdao Dasheng Da'an the Filial, and Emperor Xianzong the posthumous title Emperor Zhao Wen Zhangwu Dasheng Zhishen the Filial. The spirit tablets were likewise reinscribed.
125
己未，崖州司戶李德裕卒。
On jiwei, Li Deyu, Registrar of Yazhou, died.
126
山南西道節度使鄭涯奏取扶州。
Zheng Ya, military governor of Shannan West Circuit, reported recovering Fuzhou.