1
資治通鑑第250卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 250
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【唐紀六十六】起上章執徐，盡強圉大淵獻，凡八年。
[Tang Records 66] Covering the eight years from the cyclical year shangzhang zhixu through qiangyu dayuanxian.
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懿宗昭聖恭惠孝皇帝上咸通元年（ 庚辰，公元八六零年）
Reign of Emperor Yizong of Tang — first year of Xiantong ( gengchen, 860 CE)
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春，正月，乙卯，浙東軍與裘甫戰於桐柏觀前，范居植死，劉勍僅以身免。 乙丑，甫帥其徒千餘人陷剡縣，開府庫，募壯士，眾至數千人。 越州大恐。 時二浙久安，人不習戰，甲兵朽鈍，見卒不滿三百，鄭祗德更募新卒以益之。 軍吏受賂，率皆得孱弱者。 祗德遣子將沈君縱、副將張公署、望海鎮將李珪將新卒五百擊裘甫。 二月，辛卯，與甫戰於剡西，賊設伏於三溪之南，而陳於三溪之北，壅溪上流，使可涉。 既戰，陽敗走，官軍追之，半涉，決壅，水大至，官軍大敗，三將皆死，官軍幾盡。 於是山海諸盜及它道無賴亡命之徒，四面雲集，眾至三萬，分為三十二隊。 其小帥有謀略者推劉暀，勇力推劉慶、劉從簡。 群盜皆遙通書幣，求屬麾下。 甫自稱天下都知兵馬使，改元曰羅平，鑄印曰天平。 大聚資糧，購良工，治器械，聲震中原。
In spring, on the first month's yimao day, the Zhedong army clashed with Qiu Fu before Tongbai Abbey. Fan Juzhi was killed, and Liu Xin barely got away alive. On yichou, Fu led over a thousand men to take Shan County, threw open the treasury, and recruited fighters until his band numbered several thousand. Panic spread through Yue Prefecture. The two Zhe circuits had known peace for so long that the populace was unaccustomed to fighting; arms were rusted and blunt, and fewer than three hundred soldiers were on hand. Zheng Qide raised fresh recruits to bolster the garrison. Officers took bribes and, as a rule, enrolled only the feeblest men they could find. Qide dispatched subordinate commander Shen Junzong, deputy commander Zhang Gongshu, and Wanghai garrison commander Li Gui with five hundred new troops to attack Qiu Fu. In the second month, on xinmao, they met Fu west of Shan. The rebels hid troops south of Sanxi while forming a line north of the stream, damming the upper waters so the crossing looked shallow. After the fighting began, the rebels pretended to flee; the government force gave chase. Midstream, the dam was cut and a torrent swept down. The army was routed, all three commanders were killed, and almost no one escaped. Bandits from coast and hill country, along with outlaws and fugitives from every quarter, flocked in until the host numbered thirty thousand, organized into thirty-two companies. The minor leaders chose Liu Chang for counsel and Liu Qing and Liu Congjian for raw fighting power. Bandit bands far and wide sent messages and gifts, asking to serve under him. Fu proclaimed himself supreme commander of all armies under heaven, adopted the era name Luoping, and cast a seal inscribed Tianping. He stockpiled grain, hired skilled artisans, and armed his forces until his renown echoed across the heartland.
5
丙申，葬聖武獻文孝皇帝於貞陵，廟號宣宗。
On bingshen, the late emperor was buried at Zhenling with the temple name Xuanzong.
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丙午，白敏中入朝，墜陛，傷腰，肩輿以歸。 鄭祗德累表告急，且求救於鄰道。 浙西遣牙將凌茂貞將四百人、宣歙遣牙將白琮將三百人赴之。 祗德始令屯郭門及東小江，尋復召還府中以自衛。 祗德饋之，比度支常饋多十三倍，而宣、潤將士猶以為不足。 宣、潤將士請土軍為導，以與賊戰。 諸將或稱病，或陽墜馬，其肯行者必先邀職級，竟不果遣。 賊游騎至平水東小江，城中士民儲舟裹糧，夜坐待旦，各謀逃潰。 朝廷知祗德懦怯，議選武將代之。 夏侯孜曰：「浙東山海幽阻，可以計取，難以力攻。 西班中無可語者。 前安南都護王式，雖儒家子，在安南威服華夷，名聞遠近，可任也。」 諸相皆以為然。 遂以式為浙東觀察使，征祗德為賓客。 三月，辛亥朔，式入對，上問以討賊方略。 對曰：「但得兵，賊必可破。」 有宦官侍側，曰：「發兵，所費甚大。」 式曰：「臣為國家惜費則不然。 兵多賊速破，其費省矣。 若兵少不能勝賊，延引歲月，賊勢益張，則江、淮群盜將蜂起應之。 國家用度盡仰江、淮，若阻絕不通，則上自九廟，下及十軍，皆無以供給，其費豈可勝計哉！」 上顧宦官曰：「當與之兵。」 乃詔發忠武、義成、淮南等諸道兵授之。 裘甫分兵掠衢、婺州。 婺州押牙房郅、散將樓曾、衢州十將方景深將兵拒險，賊不得入。 又分兵掠明州，明州之民相與謀曰：「賊若入城，妻子皆為菹醢，況貨財，能保之乎！」 乃自相帥出財募勇士，治器械，樹柵，浚溝，斷橋，為固守之備。 賊又遣兵掠台州，破唐興。 己巳，甫自將萬餘人掠上虞，焚之。 癸酉，入余姚，殺丞、尉。 東破慈溪，入奉化，抵寧海，殺其令而據之，分兵圍象山。 所過俘其少壯，餘老弱者蹂踐殺之。
On bingwu, Bai Minzhong came to court, fell on the palace steps, hurt his back, and was borne home in a litter. Zheng Qide sent repeated urgent memorials and appealed to neighboring circuits for help. Zhexi dispatched adjutant Ling Maozhen with four hundred troops, and Xuan-She sent adjutant Bai Cong with three hundred. Qide first posted them at the city gate and East Xiaojiang, then pulled them back into the prefectural compound for his own protection. Qide provisioned them at thirteen times the usual Ministry of Revenue rate, yet the Xuan and Run troops still complained it was not enough. The Xuan and Run contingents asked for local guides to lead them against the rebels. Some officers pleaded illness, others staged falls from their horses; those willing to march demanded promotions first. In the end, no one was sent to fight. Rebel scouts reached Ping River and East Xiaojiang. Inside the city, people packed boats and grain, sat up all night, and each made plans to flee. Learning that Qide was timid and ineffectual, the court debated replacing him with a fighting general. Xiahou Zi said, "Zhedong's rugged coast and hills favor stratagem over brute force. None of the western-shift ministers are equal to the task. Former Annan protector-general Wang Shi, though raised as a scholar, subdued Chinese and foreign peoples alike in the south; his reputation is known far and wide. He is the man for this job." The chief ministers all agreed. Shi was appointed governor of Zhedong, and Qide was recalled to serve as a court guest. On the first xinhai day of the third month, Shi had an audience with the emperor, who asked how he would defeat the rebels. He answered, "Give me troops, and the rebels will surely be broken." A eunuch at the emperor's side said, "Raising an army is terribly expensive." Shi replied, "I am not urging thrift in that narrow sense. A large force will crush the rebels quickly and cost less in the end. If we send too few men and the campaign drags on, rebel power will swell and bandits along the Yangzi and Huai will rise to join them. The empire's revenue depends entirely on the Yangzi and Huai. Cut those routes, and from the ancestral temples to every army in the field, nothing will be supplied. That cost cannot even be reckoned!" The emperor turned to the eunuch and said, "Give him the troops he needs." An edict ordered troops from Zhongwu, Yicheng, Huainan, and other circuits placed under his command. Qiu Fu sent detachments to raid Qu and Wu prefectures. Fang Zhi of Wu, irregular commander Lou Zeng, and Quzhou officer Fang Jingshen held the passes, and the rebels could not break through. He sent another force against Ming Prefecture. The people there said to one another, "If the rebels take the city, our families will be butchered—what hope is there for our goods?" They pooled their wealth, recruited fighters, forged arms, built palisades, dug ditches, and destroyed bridges to prepare a stubborn defense. The rebels raided Taizhou as well and overran Tangxing. On jisi, Fu personally led more than ten thousand men against Shangyu and burned the town. On guiyou, he entered Yuyao and killed the assistant magistrate and district captain. He smashed Cixi to the east, took Fenghua, reached Ninghai, killed the magistrate and held the town, and sent troops to besiege Xiangshan. Wherever he marched he took the able-bodied captive and trampled or killed the old and weak.
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及王式除書下，浙東人心稍安。 裘甫方與其徒飲酒，聞之不樂。 劉暀歎曰：「有如此之眾，而策畫未定，良可惜也！ 今朝廷遣王中丞將兵來，聞其人智勇無敵，不四十日必至。 兵馬使宜急引兵取越州，憑城郭，據府庫，遣兵五千守西陵，循浙江築壘以拒之。 大集舟艦，得間，則長驅進取浙西，過大江，掠揚州貨財以自實。 還，修石頭城而守之，宣歙、江西必有響應者。 遣劉從簡以萬人循海而南，襲取福建。 如此，則國家貢賦之地盡入於我矣。 但恐子孫不能守耳，終吾身保無憂也。」 甫曰：「醉矣，明日議之！」 暀以甫不用其言，怒，陽醉而出。 有進士王輅在賊中，賊客之，輅說甫曰：「如劉副使之謀，乃孫權所為也。 彼乘天下大亂，故能據有江東； 今中國無事，此功未易成也。 不如擁眾據險自守，陸耕海漁，急則逃入海島，此萬全策也。」 甫畏式，猶豫未決。
When Wang Shi's appointment was announced, the people of Zhedong took heart. Qiu Fu was drinking with his men when he heard the news and turned gloomy. Liu Chang sighed, "With a force this large and still no settled plan—it is a waste! The court has sent Vice Censor Wang Shi with an army. They say he is unrivaled in wit and valor and will be here within forty days. Commander, march at once on Yue Prefecture, hold its walls and treasury, post five thousand men at Xiling, and build fortifications along the Zhe River to block him. Gather a fleet; when the moment comes, strike west into Zhexi, cross the Yangzi, and loot Yangzhou to fill your coffers. Then fall back, repair Stone City, and hold it—Xuan-She and Jiangxi will rise to join you. Send Liu Congjian with ten thousand men down the coast to seize Fujian. Do this, and the empire's richest tribute lands will be ours. Only our descendants may fail to hold what we win—in your own lifetime, you need not worry." Fu said, "I am drunk—we will talk tomorrow! Chang, angry that Fu ignored him, pretended to be drunk and stalked out. A jinshi named Wang Lu was with the rebels and was treated as an honored guest. He told Fu, "Liu's plan is Sun Quan's old strategy. Sun seized the moment when the empire was in chaos and held the lower Yangzi; but the realm is at peace now, and such a feat will not be easy. Better to hold the hills with your host, farm the land and fish the sea, and flee to the islands if pressed—that is the sure plan." Fu feared Wang Shi and could not make up his mind.
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夏，四月，式行至柿口，義成軍不整，式欲斬其將，久乃釋之，自是軍所過若無人。 至西陵，裘甫遣使請降。 式曰：「是必無降心，直欲窺吾所為，且欲使吾驕怠耳。」 乃謂使者曰：「甫面縛以來，當免而死。」 乙未，式入越州，既交政，為鄭祗德置酒，曰：「式主軍政，不可以飲，監軍但與眾賓盡醉。」 迨夜，繼以燭，曰：「式在此，賊安能妨人樂飲！」 丙申，餞祗德於遠郊，復樂飲而歸。 於是始修軍令，告饋餉不足者息矣，稱疾臥家者起矣，先求遷職者默矣。 賊別帥洪師簡、許會能帥所部降。 式曰：「汝降是也，當立效以自異。」 使帥其徒為前鋒，與賊戰有功，乃奏以官。
In summer, the fourth month, Shi reached Shikou. The Yicheng troops were disorderly; Shi nearly executed their commander but relented after a long delay. From then on, the army marched through the land in utter silence. At Xiling, Qiu Fu sent envoys offering surrender. Shi said, "They have no intention of surrendering. They want to spy on us and lull us into arrogance and slackness. He told the envoys, "If Fu comes with his hands bound, he may live. On yiwei, Shi entered Yue Prefecture. After taking office he gave a banquet for Zheng Qide and said, "I command the campaign and cannot drink, but the army supervisor and every guest should drink their fill. When night fell he ordered more lamps and said, "While I am here, how can rebels stop anyone from enjoying a feast? On bingshen he gave Qide a farewell feast in the outer suburbs, then returned still drinking in high spirits. Then he enforced military discipline. Complaints about short rations ceased, men who had feigned illness got up, and those who had demanded promotions fell silent. Rebel lieutenants Hong Shijian and Xu Huineng surrendered with their bands. Shi said, "Surrender is well enough, but you must earn your keep. He made them lead their men as vanguard; only after they fought well against the rebels did he recommend them for office.
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先是，賊諜入越州，軍吏匿而飲食之。 文武將吏往往潛與賊通，求城破之日免死及全妻子。 或詐引賊將來降，實窺虛實。 城中密謀屏語，賊皆知之。 式陰察知，悉捕索，斬之。 刑將吏尤橫猾者，嚴門禁，無驗者不得出入，警夜周密，賊始不知我所為矣。 式命諸縣開倉廩以賑貧乏，或曰：「賊未滅，軍食方急，不可散也。」 式曰：「非汝所知。」 官軍少騎卒，式曰：「吐蕃、回鶻比配江、淮者，其人習險阻，便鞍馬，可用也。」 舉籍府中，得驍健者百餘人。 虜久羈旅，所部遇之無狀，困餒甚。 式既犒飲，又賙其父母妻子，皆泣拜歡呼，願效死，悉以為騎卒，使騎將石宗本將之。 凡在管內者，皆視此籍之，又奏得龍陂監馬二百匹，於是騎兵足矣。 或請為烽燧以詗賊遠近眾寡，式笑而不應。 選懦卒，使乘健馬，少與之兵，以為候騎。 眾怪之，不敢問。 於是閱諸營見卒及土糰子弟，得四千人，使導軍分路討賊。 府下無守兵，更籍土團千人以補之。 乃命宣歙將白琮、浙西將凌茂貞帥本軍，北來將韓宗政等帥土團，合千人； 石宗本帥騎兵為前鋒，自上虞趨奉化，解像山之圍，號東路軍。 又以義成將白宗建、忠武將游君楚、淮南將萬璘帥本軍與台州唐興軍合，號南路軍。 令之曰：「毋爭險易，毋焚廬舍，毋殺平民以增首級！ 平民脅從者，募降之。 得賊金帛，官無所問。 俘獲者，皆越人也，釋之。」
Before this, rebel spies had entered Yue Prefecture, and army officers had hidden and fed them. Civil and military officers had often secretly dealt with the rebels, hoping to save their lives and families when the city fell. Some pretended to bring rebel leaders in to surrender while actually scouting the city's defenses. Every whispered plot inside the city reached the rebels. Shi uncovered the leaks, arrested the culprits, and executed them. He punished the worst offenders among the officers, tightened the gates so only authorized men could pass, and posted rigorous night watches—only then did the rebels lose sight of his plans. Shi ordered the counties to open their granaries to feed the poor. Someone objected, "The rebels are not beaten yet and army grain is scarce—we cannot give it away. Shi said, "That is not for you to understand. The government army lacked cavalry. Shi said, "The Tibetan and Uyghur troops stationed in rotation along the Yangzi and Huai know rough country and are skilled horsemen—they will serve. He searched the prefectural registers and found more than a hundred able men. These men had been held far from home for years, ill-treated by their overseers, and were starving. Shi feasted them, gave gifts to their families, and they wept and shouted their willingness to die for him. He enrolled them all as cavalry under Shi Zongben. He enrolled every able man in the circuit the same way, secured two hundred horses from Longpo Stud, and at last had enough cavalry. Some proposed beacon towers to track rebel movements; Shi only smiled and said nothing. He picked the timidest soldiers, mounted them on the best horses with only a few men each, and sent them out as scouts. The men were baffled but dared not question him. He then mustered garrison troops and local militia youths, raised four thousand guides, and sent the army against the rebels on several routes. The prefectural seat had no garrison, so he enrolled another thousand militiamen to guard it. He ordered Xuan-She commander Bai Cong and Zhexi commander Ling Maozhen with their own troops, and northern commander Han Zongzheng with the militia—a thousand men in all; Shi Zongben led the cavalry from Shangyu toward Fenghua, lifted the siege of Xiangshan, and this column was called the Eastern Route Army. Yicheng commander Bai Zongjian, Zhongwu commander You Junchu, and Huainan commander Wan Lin led their troops to join the Tangxing garrison of Taizhou in the Southern Route Army. He ordered them, "Do not quarrel over easy or hard assignments, do not burn homes, and do not kill civilians to pad your body counts! For civilians who had been forced to join the rebels, he offered terms to accept their surrender. Anyone who had taken gold or silk from the rebels would not be questioned by the authorities. All captives were natives of the region, and he set them free."
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癸卯，南路軍拔賊沃州寨，甲辰，拔新昌寨，破賊將毛應天，進抵唐興。
On guimao the Southern Route Army took the rebel stronghold at Wo Prefecture; on jiachen it took Xinchang, defeated rebel general Mao Yingtian, and pushed on to Tangxing.
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白敏中三表辭位，上不許。 右補闕王譜上疏，以為：「陛下致理之初，乃宰相盡心之日，不可暫闕。 敏中自正月臥疾，今四月矣，陛下雖與他相坐語，未嘗三刻，天下之事，陛下嘗暇與之講論乎！ 願聽敏中罷去，延訪碩德，以資聰明。」 己酉，貶譜為陽翟令。 譜，珪之六世孫也。 五月，庚戌朔，給事中鄭公輿封還貶譜敕書。 上令宰相議之，宰相以為譜侵敏中，竟貶之。
Bai Minzhong submitted three memorials asking to resign, but the emperor refused. “Right Remonstrance Wang Pu submitted a memorial arguing that at the start of Your Majesty's reign, when the chief minister should be giving his utmost, the post must not stand empty even for a moment. Minzhong has been ill in bed since the first month, and it is now the fourth. Though Your Majesty has sat with the other ministers, you have never spoken with him for as long as three quarters of an hour. When have you found time to discuss the affairs of the realm with him? I ask that Minzhong be permitted to step down and that men of great virtue be sought out to aid Your Majesty's wisdom." On jiyou, Pu was demoted to magistrate of Yangdi. Pu was a sixth-generation descendant of Wang Gui. In the fifth month, on the first day of the month, gengxu, Supervising Secretary Zheng Gongyu sealed and returned the edict demoting Pu. The emperor ordered the chief ministers to deliberate; they decided Pu had insulted Minzhong, and he was demoted after all.
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辛亥，浙東東路軍破賊將孫馬騎於寧海。 戊午，南路軍大破賊將劉暀、毛應天於唐興南谷，斬應天。
On xinhai the Eastern Zhedong Route Army defeated rebel general Sun Maqi at Ninghai. On wuwu the Southern Route Army routed rebel generals Liu Chang and Mao Yingtian in Tangxing's South Valley and beheaded Yingtian.
13
先是，王式以兵少，奏更發忠武、義成軍及請昭義軍，詔從之。 三道兵至越州，式命忠武將張茵將三百人屯唐興，斷賊南出之道； 義成將高羅銳將三百人，益以台州土軍，逕趨寧海，攻賊巢穴； 昭義將□夾跌戣將四百人，益東路軍，斷賊入明州之道。 庚申，南路軍大破賊於海游鎮，賊入甬溪洞。 戊辰，官軍屯於洞口，賊出洞戰，又破之。 己巳，高羅銳襲賊別帥劉平天寨，破之。 自是諸軍與賊十九戰，賊連敗。 劉暀謂裘甫曰：「向從吾謀入趙州，寧有此困邪！」 王輅等進士數人在賊中，皆衣綠，暀悉斬之，曰：「亂我謀者，此青蟲也！」 高羅銳克寧海，收其逃散之民，得七千餘人。 王式曰：「賊窘且饑，必逃入海，入海則歲月間未可擒也。」 命羅銳軍海口以拒之。 又命望海鎮將雲思益、浙西將王克容將水軍巡海澨。 思益等遇賊將劉從簡於寧海東，賊不虞水軍遽至，皆棄船走山谷，得其船十七，盡焚之。 式曰：「賊無所逃矣，惟黃罕嶺可入剡，恨無兵以守之。 雖然，亦成擒矣！」 裘甫既失寧海，乃帥其徒屯南陳館下，眾尚萬餘人。 辛未，東路軍破賊將孫馬騎於上□村，賊將王皋懼，請降。
Earlier, finding his forces too few, Wang Shi had memorialized for reinforcements from the Zhongwu and Yicheng armies and for the Zhaoyi army as well; the court approved. When troops from all three routes reached Yue Prefecture, Shi ordered Zhongwu commander Zhang Yin with three hundred men to hold Tangxing and block the rebels' escape to the south; Yicheng commander Gao Luorui with three hundred men, reinforced by Taizhou militia, to strike straight for Ninghai and hit the rebel stronghold; and Zhaoyi commander Qibi Die Wei, with four hundred men, joined to the Eastern Route army, to seal the rebels' path into Ming Prefecture. On gengshen the Southern Route Army routed the rebels at Haiyou, driving them into Yongxi cave. On wuchen government troops camped at the cave mouth; the rebels sallied out and were beaten once more. On jisi Gao Luorui stormed rebel lieutenant Liu Pingtian's camp and took it. From that point the allied armies fought nineteen engagements with the rebels, who lost again and again. Liu Chang told Qiu Fu, "If you had taken my advice and marched into Zhao Prefecture, would we be in this fix? Several jinshi such as Wang Luo were with the rebels, all in green robes. Chang executed them all, saying, "These green worms are the ones who wrecked my plans! Gao Luorui captured Ninghai and rounded up more than seven thousand of its scattered inhabitants. Wang Shi said, "The rebels are desperate and starving. They will surely flee to sea, and once they do we may not catch them for months. He ordered Luorui's force to hold the harbor mouth and block their escape. He also ordered Wanghaizhen commander Yun Siyi and Zhexi commander Wang Kerong to patrol the coast with the fleet. East of Ninghai, Siyi and his men met rebel general Liu Congjian. Caught off guard by the sudden arrival of the fleet, the rebels abandoned their boats and fled into the hills. Seventeen vessels were seized and burned. Shi said, "The rebels have nowhere left to run. Only Huanghan Ridge offers a way into Shan, and I regret we have no force to guard it. Even so, we will take them!" Having lost Ninghai, Qiu Fu led his followers to camp below Nanchen Station, where he still had more than ten thousand men. On xinwei the Eastern Route Army defeated rebel general Sun Maqi at Shang□ Village; rebel general Wang Gao, terrified, offered to surrender.
14
壬申，右拾遺內供奉薛調上言，以為：「兵興以來，賦斂無度，所在群盜，半是逃戶，固須翦滅，亦可閔傷。 望敕州縣稅外毋得科率，仍敕長吏嚴加糾察。」 從之。
“On renshen, Right Palace Remonstrator-in-Ordinary Xue Tiao submitted a memorial arguing that since the war began, taxation had run without limit and many local bandits were fugitive taxpayers. They had to be suppressed, he said, but they also deserved compassion. He asked that prefectures and counties be forbidden to levy anything beyond regular taxes, and that local officials be ordered to investigate abuses strictly." The emperor agreed.
15
袁王紳薨。
Prince Yuan Wang Shen died.
16
戊寅，浙東東路軍大破裘甫於南陳館，斬首數千級，賊委棄繒帛盈路，以緩追者，□夾跌戣令士卒：「敢顧者斬！」 毋敢犯者。 賊果自黃罕嶺遁去，六月，甲申，復入剡。 諸軍失甫，不知所在，義成將張茵在唐興獲俘，將苦之，俘曰：「賊入剡矣。 苟捨我，我請為軍導。」 從之，茵後甫一日至剡，壁其東南，府中聞甫入剡，復大恐，王式曰：「賊來就擒耳！」 命趣東、南兩路軍會於剡，辛卯，圍之，賊城守甚堅，攻之，不能拔，諸將議絕溪水以渴之，賊知之，乃出戰。 三日，凡八十三戰，賊雖敗，官軍亦疲。 賊請降，諸將出以白式，式曰：「賊欲少休耳，益謹備之，功垂成矣。」 賊果復出，又三戰。 庚子夜，裘甫、劉□往、劉慶從百餘人出降，遙與諸將語，離城數十步，官軍疾趨，斷其後，遂擒之，壬寅，甫等至越州，式腰斬暀、慶等二十餘人，械甫送京師。 剡城猶未下，諸將已擒甫，不復設備。 劉從簡帥壯士五百突圍走，諸將追至大蘭山，從簡據險自守。 秋，七月，丁巳，諸將共攻克之。 台州刺史李師望募賊相捕斬之以自贖，所降數百人，得從簡首，獻之。 諸將還越，式大置酒。 諸將乃請曰：「謀等生長軍中，久更行陳，今年得從公破賊，然私有所不諭者，敢問：公之始至，軍食方急，而遽散以賑貧乏，何也？」 式曰：「此易知耳，賊聚谷以誘饑人，吾給之食，則彼不為盜矣； 且諸縣無守兵，賊至，則倉谷適足資之耳」又問：「不置烽燧，何也？」 式曰：「烽燧所以趣救兵也，兵盡行，城中無兵以繼之，徒驚士民，使自潰亂耳。」 又問：「使懦卒為候騎而少給兵，何也？」 式曰：「彼勇卒操利兵，遇敵且不量力而斗； 斗死，則賊至不知矣。」 皆拜曰：「非所及也！」
On wuyin the Eastern Zhedong Route Army routed Qiu Fu at Nanchen Station, taking several thousand heads. The rebels left silk and brocade strewn along the road to slow pursuit. Qibi Die Wei ordered his men, "Anyone who looks back will be executed! No one dared disobey. The rebels did escape through Huanghan Ridge, and in the sixth month, on jiashen, they re-entered Shan. The armies lost Qiu Fu and had no idea where he was. At Tangxing, Yicheng commander Zhang Yin captured a prisoner and was about to torture him when the man said, "The rebels have gone into Shan. Spare me, and I will lead your army." Yin agreed. He reached Shan a day after Fu and fortified the southeast. When the prefectural seat heard Fu was in Shan, panic spread again. Wang Shi said, "The rebels are delivering themselves into our hands! He ordered the Eastern and Southern route armies to converge on Shan. On xinmao they besieged the city, but the rebels held it stubbornly and could not be stormed. When the generals proposed cutting off the stream to starve them of water, the rebels learned of the plan and sallied out to fight. Over three days they fought eighty-three engagements. The rebels kept losing, but the government army was worn out too. The rebels asked to surrender. When the generals reported this to Shi, he said, "They only want a breather. Tighten the defenses—victory is almost ours. The rebels did sally out again, and three more battles followed. On the night of gengzi, Qiu Fu, Liu Wang, Liu Qingcong, and more than a hundred followers came out to surrender. They spoke with the generals from a distance, but when they were several dozen paces from the city wall, government troops rushed in and cut off their retreat. On renyin, Fu and the others reached Yue Prefecture. Shi had Chang, Qing, and more than twenty others executed by waist-slicing and sent Fu to the capital in chains. Shan city had not yet fallen, but once the generals had captured Fu they relaxed their guard. Liu Congjian broke out with five hundred picked men. The generals pursued him to Mount Dalán, where he held the high ground. In autumn, the seventh month, on dingsi, the generals jointly stormed and captured the position. Taizhou prefect Li Shiwang offered rebels a chance to redeem themselves by hunting one another down. Several hundred who surrendered produced Congjian's head and presented it. When the generals returned to Yue, Shi held a great banquet. The generals then asked, "We were raised in the army and have long marched in the field. This year we followed you to defeat the rebels, yet there are things we still do not understand. When you first arrived, provisions were scarce, yet you immediately gave food to the poor—why? Shi replied, "That is simple. The rebels stockpiled grain to draw the hungry to them. Feed the people, and they will not turn to banditry. Besides, the counties had no garrison. If rebels came, the stored grain would only supply them." They asked again, "Why did you not set beacon fires? Shi said, "Beacon fires summon relief. If every soldier marched out, the city would have no reserve force. That would only panic the people and send them fleeing in disorder. They asked again, "Why did you use timid soldiers as scouts and give them so few men? Shi said, "Brave men with sharp weapons will fight the enemy without counting the odds. If they die in a skirmish, the main force will never know the rebels are coming." They all bowed and said, "We could never have thought of that!"
17
封憲宗子心丐為信王。 八月，裘甫至京師，斬於東市。 加王式檢校右散騎常侍，諸將官賞各有差。 先是，上每以越盜為憂，夏侯孜曰：「王式才有餘，不日告捷矣。」 孜與式書曰：「公專以執裘甫為事，軍須細大，此期悉力。」 故式所奏求無不從，由是能成其功。
Emperor Xianzong's son Xingai was enfeoffed as Prince Xin. In the eighth month Qiu Fu reached the capital and was executed at the Eastern Market. Wang Shi was promoted to Acting Right Cavalry-in-Ordinary, and the generals were rewarded according to their merits. Earlier the emperor had often fretted over the Yue rebels. Xia Houzi said, "Wang Shi has more than enough ability. He will report victory before long. Zhi wrote to Shi, "Focus entirely on capturing Qiu Fu. Whatever supplies you need, great or small, this office will provide. Because of this, every request in Shi's memorials was granted, and he was able to complete the campaign.
18
衛王灌薨。
Prince Wei Wang Guan died.
19
九月，白敏中五上表辭位，辛亥，以敏中為司徒、中書令。
In the ninth month Bai Minzhong submitted five memorials asking to resign. On xinhai he was made Minister of Education and Director of the Chancellery.
20
癸酉，右拾遺句容劉鄴上言：「李德裕父子為相，有聲跡功效，竄逐以來，血屬將盡，生涯已空，宜賜哀閔，贈以一官。」 冬，十月，丁亥，敕復李德裕太子少保、衛國公，贈左僕射。
“On guiyou, Right Palace Remonstrator Liu Ye of Jurong submitted a memorial saying that Li Deyu and his son had served as chief ministers with distinction, but since their exile their kin were nearly gone and their households ruined. They deserved compassion, he said, and should be granted an office.” In winter, the tenth month, on dinghai, an edict restored Li Deyu as Grand Mentor of the Crown Prince and Duke of Weiguo and posthumously made him Minister of the Left.
21
乙亥，以門下侍郎、同平章事夏侯孜同平章事，充西川節度使。 以戶部尚書、判度支畢諴為禮部尚書、同平章事。
On yihai, Junior Director of the Chancellery and Co-Equal Grand Counselor Xia Houzi was appointed Co-Equal Grand Counselor and Military Commissioner of Xichuan. Minister of Revenue and Comptroller of the Budget Bi Yan was made Minister of Rites and Co-Equal Grand Counselor.
22
安南都護李鄠復取播州。
Protector-General of Annan Li E recaptured Bozhou.
23
十一月，丁丑，上祀圓丘； 赦，改元。
In the eleventh month, on dingchou, the emperor sacrificed at the Round Mound; he issued an amnesty and changed the era name.
24
十二月，戊申，安南土蠻引南詔兵合三萬餘人乘虛攻交趾，陷之。 都護李鄠與監軍奔武州。
In the twelfth month, on wushen, indigenous tribes of Annan led more than thirty thousand Nanzhao troops in a surprise attack on Jiaozhi and took the city. Protector-General Li E and the army supervisor fled to Wuzhou.
25
懿宗昭聖恭惠孝皇帝上咸通二年（ 辛巳，公元八六一年）
Reign of Emperor Yizong of Tang — second year of Xiantong ( xinsi, 861 CE)
26
春，正月，詔發邕管及鄰道兵救安南，擊南蠻。
In spring, the first month, an edict ordered troops from Yongguan and neighboring circuits to relieve Annan and attack the southern tribes.
27
二月，以中書令白敏中兼中書令，充鳳翔節度使； 以左僕射、判度支杜悰兼門下侍郎、同平章事。
In the second month, Director of the Chancellery Bai Minzhong was additionally made Military Commissioner of Fengxiang; Left Minister and Comptroller of the Budget Du Cong was additionally made Junior Director of the Chancellery and Co-Equal Grand Counselor.
28
一日，兩樞密使詣中書，宣徽使楊公慶繼至，獨揖悰受宣，三相起，避之西軒。 公慶出斜封文書以授悰，發之，乃宣宗大漸時宦官請鄆王監國奏也，且曰：「當時宰相無名者，當以反法處之。」 悰反覆讀良久，曰：「聖主登極，萬方欣戴。 今日此文書，非臣下所宜窺。」 復封以授公慶，曰：「主上欲罪宰相，當於延英面示聖旨，明行誅譴。」 公慶去，悰復與兩樞密坐，謂曰：「內外之臣，事猶一體，宰相、樞密共參國政。 今主上新踐祚，未熟萬機，資內外裨補，固當以仁愛為先，刑殺為後，豈得遽贊成殺宰相事！ 若主上習以性成，則中尉、樞密權重禁闈，豈得不自憂乎！ 悰受恩六朝，所望致君堯、舜，不欲朝廷以愛憎行法。」 兩樞密相顧默然，徐曰：「當具以公言白至尊，非公重德，無人及此。」 慚悚而退。 三相復來見悰，微請宣意，悰無言，三相惶怖，乞存家族，悰曰：「勿為他慮。」 既而寂然，無復宣命。 及延英開，上色甚悅。 是時士大夫深疾宦官，事有小相涉，則眾共棄之，建州進士葉京嘗預宣武軍宴，識監軍之面； 既而及第，在長安與同年出遊，遇之於塗，馬上相揖； 因之謗議喧然，遂沉廢終身，其不相悅如此。
One day the two Commissioners of Military Affairs came to the Chancellery. Palace Commissioner Yang Gongqing arrived next, bowed to Du Cong alone to receive the imperial message, and the three chief ministers rose and withdrew to the western portico. “Gongqing produced a sealed document from a side envelope and handed it to Du Cong. Inside was the memorial from eunuchs during Emperor Xuanzong's final illness asking that Prince of Yun be made regent. It also said that any unnamed chief ministers involved should be punished for treason.” Du Cong read it over and over for a long time, then said, "Our sage sovereign has just taken the throne, and the whole realm rejoices. This document is not something subjects should be shown." He resealed it and returned it to Gongqing, saying, "If His Majesty wishes to punish chief ministers, he should announce the decree in person at Yanying and carry out punishment openly. After Gongqing left, Du Cong sat down again with the two Commissioners and said, "Ministers inside and outside the palace are one body. Chief ministers and commissioners share in governing the realm. The sovereign has only just ascended the throne and does not yet know every affair of state. Inner and outer officials should aid him with benevolence first and punishment last. How can we rush to endorse the execution of chief ministers! If the sovereign grows used to this, the Commissioners of the Inner Palace and Military Affairs will hold unchecked power within the palace. Will you not fear for yourselves? Du Cong had received favor through six reigns. What he hoped was to make the ruler a Yao or a Shun, not to see the court punish men out of personal favor or spite." The two Commissioners looked at each other in silence, then said slowly, "We will report your words fully to His Majesty. No one but a man of your stature could speak as you have. They withdrew, ashamed and uneasy. The three chief ministers came back to see Du Cong and delicately asked what the emperor intended. Du Cong said nothing. Terrified, they begged him to save their families. He said, "Do not worry. After that all was quiet, and no further imperial message came. When Yanying opened, the emperor looked very pleased. At that time scholar-officials loathed eunuchs. If anyone had even the slightest connection with them, the whole cohort would cast him out. Jianzhou jinshi Ye Jing had once attended a banquet of the Xuanwu army and recognized the army supervisor's face; Later he passed the jinshi examination. While out sightseeing in Chang'an with his classmates, he met the army supervisor on the road and they exchanged bows from horseback. At once scandalous talk erupted, and he was ruined for life, never to hold office again—such was the depth of their mutual dislike.
29
福王綰薨。
Prince of Fu, Wan, died.
30
夏，六月，癸丑，以鹽州防禦使王寬為安南經略使，時李鄠自武州收集土軍，攻群蠻，復取安南，朝廷責其失守，貶儋州司戶。 鄠初至安南，殺蠻酋杜守澄，其宗黨遂誘道群蠻陷交趾，朝廷以杜氏強盛，務在姑息，冀收其力用，乃贈守澄父存誠金吾將軍，再舉鄠殺守澄之罪，長流崖州。
In summer, the sixth month, on the day guichou, Wang Kuan, Defense Commissioner of Yanzhou, was appointed Protectorate General of Annam. Li E had meanwhile rallied native troops from Wuzhou, attacked the tribal chiefs, and retaken Annam, but the court blamed him for the earlier loss of the protectorate and demoted him to Registrar of Danzhou. When Li E first reached Annam, he killed the tribal chief Du Shoucheng. Shoucheng's clansmen then rallied the tribes along the route and seized Jiaozhi. Because the Du clan was powerful, the court chose conciliation over punishment, hoping to win their support—it posthumously enfeoffed Shoucheng's father Cuncheng as General of the Jinwu Guards, then renewed the charge against E for killing Shoucheng and banished him to distant Yazhou.
31
秋，七月，南蠻攻邕州，陷之。 先是，廣、桂、容三道共發兵三千人戍邕州，三年一代。 經略使段文楚請以三道衣糧自募土軍以代之，朝廷許之，所募才得五百許人。 文楚入為金吾將軍，經略使李蒙利其闕額衣糧以自入，悉罷遣三道戍卒，止以所募兵守左、右江，比舊什減七八，故蠻人乘虛入寇。 時蒙已卒，經略使李弘源至鎮才十日，無兵以御之，城陷，弘源與監軍脫身奔蠻州，二十餘日，蠻去，乃還。 弘源坐貶建州司戶。 文楚時為殿中監，復以為邕管經略使，至鎮，城邑居人什不存一。 文楚，秀實之孫也。
In autumn, the seventh month, the southern tribes attacked Yong Prefecture and captured it. Previously, the Guang, Gui, and Rong circuits had jointly sent three thousand troops to garrison Yong Prefecture, rotating the garrison every three years. Protectorate General Duan Wenchu asked to use the clothing and grain funds of the three circuits to recruit native troops in place of the rotating garrisons. The court agreed, but he mustered only about five hundred men. When Wenchu was transferred to the capital as General of the Jinwu Guards, his successor Li Meng embezzled the surplus clothing and grain, dismissed all garrison troops from the three circuits, and left only the recruits to hold the Left and Right Rivers—barely two or three tenths of the old force. The tribes therefore exploited the weakness and invaded. Li Meng had already died. His successor Li Hongyuan had been at his post only ten days and had no troops with which to defend the city. When it fell, Hongyuan and the army supervisor fled to Man Prefecture. After more than twenty days the tribes withdrew, and they returned. Hongyuan was demoted to Registrar of Jian Prefecture for the loss. Duan Wenchu, then Director of the Palace Directorate, was again appointed Protectorate General of Yong Circuit. When he arrived, scarcely one household in ten remained in the city. Wenchu was the grandson of Duan Xiushi.
32
杜悰上言：「南詔向化七十年，蜀中寢兵無事，群蠻率服。 今西川兵食單寡，未可輕與之絕，且應遣使弔祭，曉諭清平官等以新王名犯廟諱，故未行冊命，待其更名謝恩，然後遣使刪命，庶全大體。」 上從之。 命左司郎中孟穆為弔祭使。 未發，會南詔寇巂州，攻邛崍關，穆遂不行。
Du Cong submitted a memorial: "Nanzhao has been a loyal tributary for seventy years. In Shu the armies have stood down and the frontier has been quiet, and the tribal peoples have generally submitted. Western Shu now has thin armies and scant provisions, and we must not lightly break with Nanzhao. We should send envoys to offer condolences and explain to the Qingpingguan ministers that because the new king's name violates an imperial taboo, no investiture has yet been issued. Once he changes his name and submits a letter of thanks, we can send envoys to bestow formal investiture and preserve the larger proprieties of the relationship." The emperor approved. Meng Mu, Left Section Director in the Ministry of Revenue, was appointed envoy to offer condolences. Before he could depart, Nanzhao raided Xi Prefecture and attacked Qionglai Pass, and Mu's mission was canceled.
33
冬，十月，以御史大夫鄭涯為山南東道節度使。 十一月，加同平章事。
In winter, the tenth month, Censor-in-Chief Zheng Ya was appointed Military Governor of Shannan East Circuit. In the eleventh month he was additionally made Co-Equal Grand Counselor.
34
懿宗昭聖恭惠孝皇帝上咸通三年（ 壬午，公元八六二年）
Emperor Yizong, the Sagely, Respectful, and Gracious Filial Emperor; third year of Xiantong ( renwu, 862 CE)
35
春，正月，庚寅朔，群臣上尊號曰睿文明聖孝德皇帝。 赦天下。
In spring, the first month, on the new moon of the day gengyin, the assembled ministers offered the honorific title Sagely, Civil, Bright, Sacred, Filial, and Virtuous Emperor. An amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm.
36
以中書侍郎、同平章事蔣伸同平章事，充河中節度使。
Jiang Shen, Vice Director of the Secretariat and Co-Equal Grand Counselor, was appointed Military Governor of Hezhong Circuit while retaining his grand counselor title.
37
二月，棣王惴薨。
In the second month Prince of Di, Zhuai, died.
38
南詔復寇安南，經略使王寬數來告急，朝廷以前湖南觀察使蔡襲代之，仍發許、滑、徐、汴、荊、襄、潭、鄂等道兵各三萬人授襲以御之。 兵勢既盛，蠻遂引去。 邕管經略使段文楚坐變更舊制，左遷威衛將軍、分司。
Nanzhao again invaded Annam, and Protectorate General Wang Kuan sent repeated urgent appeals. The court replaced him with the former Hunan Observation Commissioner Cai Xi and dispatched thirty thousand troops from each of the Xu, Hua, Xuzhou, Bian, Jing, Xiang, Tan, and E circuits, placing them under Xi for the defense. When the assembled force grew strong, the tribes withdrew. Duan Wenchu, Protectorate General of Yong Circuit, was demoted to General of the Weiwu Guards with a nominal capital post for having altered the old garrison system.
39
左庶子蔡京，性貪虐多詐，時相以為有吏才，奏遣制置嶺南事。 三月，京還，奏事稱旨，復以京權知太僕卿，充荊襄以南宣慰安撫使。
Cai Jing, Left Household Companion, was greedy, cruel, and deceitful by nature. The chief ministers considered him an able administrator and memorialized to send him to oversee affairs in Lingnan. In the third month Cai Jing returned and reported to the emperor's satisfaction. He was again made Acting Grand Master of the Stud and Commissioner for Pacification and Reassurance south of Jing and Xiang.
40
夏，四月，己亥朔，敕於兩街四寺各置戒壇，度人三七日。 上奉佛太過，怠於政事，嘗於咸泰殿築壇為內寺尼受戒，兩街僧、尼皆入預； 又於禁中設講席，自唱經，手錄梵夾； 又數幸諸寺，施與無度。 吏部侍郎蕭倣上疏，以為：「玄祖之道，慈儉為先； 素王之風，仁義為首，垂范百代，必不可加。 佛者，棄位出家，割愛中之至難，取滅後之殊勝，非帝王所宜慕也。 願陛下時開延英，接對四輔，力求人瘼，虔奉宗祧。 思繆賞與濫刑，其殃必至； 知勝殘而去殺，得福甚多。 罷去講筵，躬勤政事。」 上雖嘉獎，竟不能從。
In summer, the fourth month, on the new moon of the day jihai, an edict ordered ordination platforms erected at four monasteries on the two avenues, with ordinations to be conducted over twenty-one days. The emperor honored Buddhism to excess and neglected government affairs. He once built an ordination platform in Xiantai Hall to ordain palace nuns, with monks and nuns from both avenues all taking part; he also set up lecture seats within the palace, chanted sutras himself, and copied Buddhist texts by hand; and repeatedly visited monasteries, lavishing gifts without measure. Vice Minister of Personnel Xiao Fang submitted a memorial, stating: "The Way of the Mysterious Ancestor puts compassion and frugality first; the example of the sage-king puts benevolence and righteousness first—a model for a hundred generations that nothing can surpass. The Buddha abandoned rank and left home, severing the deepest ties of affection to seek blessings beyond this life. That is not a path an emperor should emulate. I pray that Your Majesty will regularly convene court at Yanying, receive the four chief ministers, strive to learn the people's afflictions, and devoutly tend the ancestral temple. Beware of extravagant rewards and reckless punishments, for their calamity is sure to follow; know that to overcome cruelty and renounce killing brings great blessing. Dismiss the lecture sessions and devote yourself personally to governing the realm." The emperor praised the memorial, but in the end he did not follow its advice.
41
嶺南舊分五管，廣、桂、邕、容、安南，皆隸嶺南節度使； 蔡京奏請分嶺南為兩道節度，從之。 五月，敕以廣州為東道，邕州為西道，又割桂管龔、像二州，容管籐、巖二州隸邕管。 尋以嶺南節度使韋宙為東道節度使，以蔡京為西道節度使。
Lingnan had formerly been divided into five administrations—Guang, Gui, Yong, Rong, and Annam—all subordinate to the Military Governor of Lingnan; Cai Jing memorialized to divide Lingnan into two military circuits, and the request was approved. In the fifth month an edict made Guang Prefecture the East Circuit and Yong Prefecture the West Circuit. Gong and Xiang prefectures were detached from Gui Circuit, and Teng and Yan prefectures from Rong Circuit, and all were placed under Yong Circuit. Soon afterward Wei Zhou, Military Governor of Lingnan, was appointed Military Governor of the East Circuit, and Cai Jing was made Military Governor of the West Circuit.
42
蔡襲將諸道兵在安南，蔡京忌之，恐其立功，奏稱：「南蠻遠遁，邊徼無虞，武夫邀功，妄占戍兵，虛費饋運。 蓋以荒陬路遠，難於覆驗，故得肆其奸詐。 請罷戍兵，各還本道。」 朝廷從之。 襲累奏稱群蠻伺隙日久，不可無備，乞留戍兵五千人。 不聽。 襲以蠻寇必至，交趾兵食皆闕，謀力兩窮，作十必死狀申中書。 時相信京之言，終不之省。
Cai Xi commanded the allied forces in Annam. Cai Jing envied him and feared he would win glory, so he memorialized: "The southern tribes have withdrawn far away and the frontier is secure. Military men are seeking credit, falsely holding on to garrison troops and wasting transport supplies. Because the frontier is remote and hard to verify, they are free to indulge their fraud. I request that the garrison troops be dismissed and sent back to their home circuits." The court approved. Cai Xi repeatedly memorialized that the tribes had long watched for an opening and that the frontier could not be left undefended. He asked to retain five thousand garrison troops. The request was denied. Convinced that a tribal invasion was imminent and that Jiaozhi lacked both troops and provisions, Cai Xi was at the end of his resources. He submitted ten memorials to the Chancellery declaring that defeat was certain. The court trusted Cai Jing and never investigated further.
43
秋，七月，徐州軍亂，逐節度使溫璋。 初，王智興既得徐州，募勇悍之士二千人，號銀刀、雕旗、門槍、挾馬等七軍，常以三百餘人自衛，露刃坐於兩廡夾幕之下，每月一更。 其後節度使多儒臣，其兵浸驕，小不如意，一夫大呼，其眾皆和之，節度使輒自後門逃去。 前節度使田牟至與之雜坐飲酒，把臂拊背，或為之執板唱歌。 犒賜之費，日以萬計，風雨寒暑，復加勞來，猶時喧嘩，邀求不已。 牟薨，璋代之，驕兵素聞璋性嚴，憚之。 璋開懷慰撫，而驕兵終懷猜忌，賜酒食皆不歷口，一旦，竟聚噪而逐之。 朝廷知璋無辜，乙亥，以璋為邠寧節度使，以浙東觀察使王式為武寧節度使。
In autumn, the seventh month, the Xuzhou army mutinied and drove out Military Governor Wen Zhang. After Wang Zhixing seized Xuzhou, he recruited two thousand fierce fighters organized into seven corps—the Silver Blade, Carved Banner, Gate Spear, Flanking Horse, and others. More than three hundred of them served as his personal guard, sitting with drawn blades beneath the covered corridors on both sides of the hall, rotating each month. Later military governors were mostly scholar-officials, and the troops grew ever more arrogant. At the slightest grievance one man would shout and the whole host would join in, and the governor would flee out the back gate. The former governor Tian Mou would sit and drink among them, clasp their arms and clap their backs, and sometimes beat time and sing for them himself. Rewards and gifts cost tens of thousands each day. Through wind, rain, cold, and heat he continued to court them, yet they still clamored and demanded without end. When Tian Mou died, Wen Zhang replaced him. The mutinous troops had long heard that Zhang was stern by nature and feared him. Zhang tried to reassure them openly, but the mutinous troops remained suspicious and would not touch the wine and food he offered. One day they suddenly gathered, raised a clamor, and drove him out. Knowing that Zhang was innocent, the court on the day yihai appointed him Military Governor of Binning Circuit and named Wang Shi, Zhedong Observation Commissioner, Military Governor of Wuning Circuit.
44
以前西川節度使、同平章事夏侯孜為左僕射、同平章事。
The former Military Governor of Xichuan Circuit and Co-Equal Grand Counselor Xiahou Zi was appointed Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Co-Equal Grand Counselor.
45
忠武、義成兩軍從王式討裘甫者猶在浙東，詔式帥以赴徐州，驕兵聞之，甚懼。 八月，式至大彭館，始出迎謁。 式視事三日，饗兩鎮將士，遣還。 既擐甲執兵，命圍驕兵，盡殺之，銀刀都將邵澤等數千人皆死。 甲子，敕以徐州先隸淄青道，李洧自歸，始置徐海使額。 及張建封以威名寵任，特帖濠、泗二州。 當時本以控扼淄青、光蔡。 自寇孽消弭，而武寧一道職為亂階。 今改為徐州團練使，隸兗海節度。 復以濠州歸淮南道，更於宿州置宿泗都團練觀察使。 留將士二千人守徐州，餘皆分隸兗、宿。 且以王式為武寧節度使，兼徐、泗、濠、宿制置使。 委式與監軍楊玄質分配將士赴諸道訖，然後將忠武、義成兩道兵至汴滑，各遣歸本道，身詣京師。 其銀刀等軍逃匿將士，聽一月內自首，一切勿問。
The Zhongwu and Yicheng armies that had followed Wang Shi against Qiu Fu were still in Zhedong. An edict ordered Shi to lead them to Xuzhou, and the mutinous troops were greatly afraid when they heard it. In the eighth month Wang Shi reached the Da Peng hostel and only then went out to receive the troops. After three days in office, Wang Shi feasted the officers and soldiers of the two circuits and sent them back to camp. Once the allied troops had donned armor and taken up arms, he ordered the mutinous corps surrounded and slaughtered. Several thousand men, including Silver Blade commander Shao Ze, were killed. On the day jiazi an edict recalled that Xuzhou had formerly been subordinate to the Ziqing circuit and that the Xu-Hai commissioner post had been established when Li Wei submitted. When Zhang Jianfeng was favored for his martial renown, Hao and Si prefectures were specially attached to his command. At the time the arrangement had been intended to check Ziqing and Guang-Cai. Once the rebel threat had passed, the Wuning circuit alone became a seedbed of mutiny. It was now reduced to a Xuzhou Training and Defense Commissioner subordinate to the Yan-Hai Military Governor. Hao Prefecture was returned to Huainan Circuit, and a Su-Si Training, Defense, and Observation Commissioner was established at Su Prefecture. Two thousand officers and soldiers were left to garrison Xuzhou; the rest were distributed between Yan and Su. Wang Shi was also made Military Governor of Wuning Circuit and concurrently Commissioner for Arrangement of Xu, Si, Hao, and Su. Wang Shi and Army Supervisor Yang Xuanzhi were charged with assigning the troops to their circuits. When that was finished, he led the Zhongwu and Yicheng forces to Bian and Hua, sent each army back to its home circuit, and went to the capital himself. Officers and soldiers of the Silver Blade and other corps who had fled were permitted to surrender within one month without punishment.
46
嶺南西道節度使蔡京為政苛慘，設砲烙之刑，闔境怨之，遂為邕州軍士所逐，奔籐州，詐為敕書及攻討使印，募鄉丁及旁側土軍以入邕州。 眾既烏合，會輒潰敗，往依桂州，桂州人怨其分裂，不納。 京無所自容。 敕貶崖州司戶，不肯之官，還，至零陵，敕賜自盡。 以桂管觀察使鄭愚為嶺南西道節度使。
Cai Jing, Military Governor of Lingnan West Circuit, ruled with harsh cruelty and instituted branding-iron torture. The whole region hated him, and soldiers of Yong Prefecture drove him out. He fled to Teng Prefecture, forged an imperial edict and the seal of a punitive commissioner, and raised local militia and nearby native troops to reenter Yong Prefecture. His ragtag force soon collapsed in defeat. He fled toward Gui Prefecture, but the people there resented his role in splitting the circuit and refused to take him in. Cai Jing had nowhere left to turn. An edict demoted him to Registrar of Yazhou, but he refused to take up the post. On his way back, when he reached Lingling, an edict ordered him to take his own life. Zheng Yu, Observation Commissioner of Gui Circuit, was appointed Military Governor of Lingnan West Circuit.
47
冬，十月，丙申朔，立皇子佾為魏王，侹為涼王，佶為蜀王。
In winter, the tenth month, on the new moon of the day bingshen, the emperor's sons Yi, Ting, and Ji were enfeoffed as Princes of Wei, Liang, and Shu respectively.
48
十一月，立順宗子緝為蘄王，憲宗子憤為榮王。
In the eleventh month Emperor Shunzong's son Ji was enfeoffed as Prince of Qi, and Emperor Xianzong's son Fen as Prince of Rong.
49
南詔帥群蠻五萬寇安南，都護蔡襲告急，敕發荊南、湖南兩道兵二千，桂管義征子弟三千，詣邕州受鄭愚節度。
Nanzhao led fifty thousand tribal warriors against Annam, and Protector-General Cai Xi sent urgent appeals for help. An edict dispatched two thousand troops from the Jingnan and Hunan circuits and three thousand volunteer recruits from Gui Circuit to Yong Prefecture under Zheng Yu's command.
50
嶺南東道節度使韋宙奏：「蠻寇必向邕州，若不先保護，遽欲遠征，恐蠻於後乘虛扼絕餉道。」 乃敕蔡襲屯海門，鄭愚分兵備御。 十二月，襲又求益兵，敕山南東道發弩手千人赴之。 時南詔已圍交趾，襲嬰城固守，救兵不得至。
Wei Zhou, Military Governor of Lingnan East Circuit, memorialized: "The raiders are sure to strike toward Yong Prefecture. If we do not secure it first and rush into a distant campaign, the tribes may exploit the opening behind us and cut our supply lines. An edict ordered Cai Xi to encamp at Haimen while Zheng Yu divided his forces for defense. In the twelfth month Cai Xi again requested reinforcements, and an edict ordered Shannan East Circuit to send one thousand crossbowmen to his aid. By then Nanzhao had already besieged Jiaozhi. Cai Xi held the city, but relief troops could not reach him.
51
翼王彈薨。
Prince of Yi, Tan, died.
52
是歲，嗢末始入貢。 嗢末者，吐蕃之奴號也。 吐蕃每發兵，其富室多以奴從，往往一家至十數人，由是吐蕃之眾多。 及論恐熱作亂，奴多無主，遂相糾合為部落，散在甘、肅、瓜、沙、河、渭、岷、廓、疊、宕之間。 吐蕃微弱者反依附之。
That year the Wamo first sent tribute. The Wamo were so called because they had been slaves of the Tibetans. Whenever Tibet raised troops, wealthy households commonly brought slaves in their train—often ten or more from a single household—so Tibetan armies swelled in number. When Lun Gongren rebelled, many slaves were left masterless. They banded together into tribal groups scattered across Gan, Su, Gua, Sha, He, Wei, Min, Kuo, Die, and Dang. Weaker Tibetans in turn attached themselves to them.
53
懿宗昭聖恭惠孝皇帝上咸通四年（ 癸未，公元八六三年）
Emperor Yizong, the Sagely, Respectful, and Gracious Filial Emperor; fourth year of Xiantong ( guiwei, 863 CE)
54
春，正月。 庚午，上祀圓丘； 赦天下。
Spring, first month. On the day gengwu the emperor sacrificed at the Round Mound; An imperial amnesty was proclaimed throughout the empire.
55
是日，南詔陷交趾。 蔡襲左右皆盡，徒步力戰，身集十矢，欲趣監軍船，船已離岸，遂溺海死。 幕僚樊綽攜其印浮度江。 荊南、江西、鄂岳、襄州將士四百餘人，走至城東水際，荊南虞候元惟德等謂眾曰：「吾輩無船，入水則死，不若還向城與蠻鬥，人以一身易二蠻，亦為有利。」 遂還向城，入東羅門。 蠻不為備； 惟德等縱兵殺蠻二千餘人。 逮夜，蠻將楊思縉始自子城出救之，惟德等皆死。 南詔兩陷交趾，所殺虜且十五萬人。 留兵二萬，使思縉據交趾城。 谿洞夷獠無遠近皆降之。 詔諸道兵赴安南者悉召還，分保嶺南東、西道。
That same day, Nanzhao took Jiaozhi. Cai Xi's attendants were all killed. Fighting on foot with his last strength, his body pierced by ten arrows, he tried to reach the military supervisor's ship—but it had already put to sea—and drowned. The staff officer Fan Chuo swam the river carrying Cai Xi's official seal. More than four hundred officers and soldiers from Jingnan, Jiangxi, Eyue, and Xiangzhou fled to the waterfront east of the city. Yuan Weide, a defense officer of Jingnan, addressed the men: "We have no boats—take to the water and we die. Better to turn back into the city and fight the barbarians. Trade one of our lives for two of theirs, and the exchange still favors us." They turned back toward the city and entered through the East Luomen Gate. The barbarians were caught unprepared; Yuan Weide and his men charged and killed more than two thousand of the enemy. By nightfall the Nanzhao commander Yang Sijin finally sallied from the inner citadel to the relief, and Yuan Weide and his men were all killed. In two assaults on Jiaozhi, Nanzhao killed and captured nearly a hundred and fifty thousand people. Twenty thousand troops were left behind under Yang Sijin to hold Jiaozhi. Stream-dwellers and tribal peoples near and far all submitted to Nanzhao. An edict recalled all troops from the various circuits that had been marching to Annam and redeployed them to defend the Eastern and Western Lingnan circuits.
56
上游宴無節，左拾遺劉蛻上疏曰：「今西涼築城，應接未決於與奪。 南蠻侵軼，干戈悉在於道塗。 旬月以來，不為無事。 陛下不形憂閔以示遠近，則何以責其死力！ 望節娛游，以待遠人乂安，未晚。」 弗聽。
The court feasted without restraint. Left Reminder Liu Tui submitted a memorial: "Fortifications are going up at Xiliang, yet we still have not decided whether to hold or abandon the position. Southern barbarians are raiding, and the roads are thronged with marching armies. These past weeks have hardly been uneventful. If Your Majesty does not show the realm your concern and care, how can you expect men to fight to the death for you? Restrain your pleasures and wait until the frontier is pacified—it is not yet too late." The emperor refused to heed him.
57
二月，甲午朔，上歷拜十六陵。
In the second month, on the first day of the new moon (day jiawu), the emperor paid his respects at all sixteen imperial tombs in turn.
58
置天雄軍天秦州，以成、河、渭三州隸焉。 以前左金吾將軍王晏實為天雄觀察使。
The Tianxiong Army was established at Tian Qinzhou, with Chengzhou, Hezhou, and Weizhou placed under its command. Former Left Golden Guard General Wang Yanshi was made Tianxiong observation commissioner.
59
三月，歸義節度使張義潮奏自將蕃、漢兵七千克復涼州。
In the third month, Guiyi military governor Zhang Yichao reported that he had personally led seven thousand mixed Tibetan and Han troops to recover Liangzhou.
60
南蠻寇左、右江，浸逼邕州。 鄭愚懼，自言儒臣無將略，請任武臣。 朝廷召義武節度使康承訓詣闕，欲使之代愚，仍詔選軍校數人、士卒數百人自隨。
Southern barbarians raided the Left and Right River regions and drew ever closer to Yongzhou. Zheng Yu, fearing the situation, protested that as a civilian official he lacked military talent and asked that a military man take over. The court summoned Yiwu military governor Kang Cheng-xun to the capital to replace Zheng Yu, ordering him to bring several officers and a few hundred handpicked soldiers.
61
中書侍郎、同平章事畢諴以同列多徇私不法，稱疾辭位。 夏，四月，罷為兵部尚書。
Secretariat Vice Director and Co-Director of the Chancellery Bi Zan resigned on grounds of illness, citing widespread favoritism and lawlessness among his colleagues. In the fourth month of summer he was removed from the chancellorship and made Minister of War.
62
庚戌，群盜入徐州，殺官吏。 刺史曹慶討平之。
On day gengxu bandits entered Xuzhou and killed government officials. Prefect Cao Qing suppressed the uprising.
63
康承訓至京師，以為嶺南西道節度使，發荊、襄、洪、鄂四道兵萬人與之俱。
When Kang Cheng-xun reached the capital he was appointed military governor of Western Lingnan, and ten thousand troops from Jing, Xiang, Hong, and E were mobilized to accompany him.
64
五月，戊辰，以翰林學士承旨、兵部侍郎楊收同平章事。 收，發之弟也，與左軍中尉楊玄價敘同宗相結，故得為相。
In the fifth month, on day wuchen, Hanlin Academician-in-Attendance and Vice Minister of War Yang Shou was made co-director of the Chancellery. Yang Shou was Yang Fa's younger brother; he claimed kinship with Left Army Commander Yang Xuanjia and secured the chancellorship through that alliance.
65
乙亥，廢容管，隸嶺南西道，以供軍食，復以龔、像二州隸桂管。
On day yihai the Rong superintendency was abolished and absorbed into Western Lingnan to supply the armies; Gong and Xiang Prefectures were restored to Gui superintendency jurisdiction.
66
戊子，以門下侍郎、同平章事杜審權同平章事，充鎮海節度使。
On day wuzi, Chancellery Vice Director and Co-Director Du Shenquan retained his chancellorship while being appointed military governor of Zhenhai.
67
六月，廢安南都護府，置行交州於海門鎮； 以右監門將軍宋戎為行交州刺史，以康承訓兼領安南及諸軍行營。
In the sixth month the Protectorate General of Annam was abolished and a provisional Jiaozhou was set up at Haimen; Right Gate Guard General Song Rong was made provisional governor of Jiaozhou, and Kang Cheng-xun was given concurrent command of Annam and all expeditionary forces.
68
閏月，以門下侍郎、同平章事杜悰同平章事，充鳳翔節度使； 以兵部侍郎、判度支河南曹確同平章事。
In the intercalary month, Chancellery Vice Director and Co-Director Du Cong retained his chancellorship while being made military governor of Fengxiang; Vice Minister of War and acting treasury director Nan Cao Que was made co-director of the Chancellery.
69
秋，七月，辛卯朔，日有食之。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the first day of the new moon (day xinmao), there was a solar eclipse.
70
復置安南都護府於行交州，以宋戎為經略使； 發山東兵萬人鎮之。 時諸道兵援安南者屯聚嶺南，江西、湖南饋運者皆溯湘江入澪渠、漓水，勞費艱澀，諸軍乏食。 潤州人陳磻石上言，請造千斛大舟，自福建運米泛海，不一月至廣州，從之，軍食以足。 然有司以和雇為名，奪商人舟，委其貨於岸側，舟入海或遇風濤沒溺，有司囚系綱吏、舟人，使償其米，人頗苦之。
The Protectorate General of Annam was reestablished at provisional Jiaozhou, with Song Rong as frontier commissioner; Ten thousand troops from Shandong were deployed to garrison the post. Troops from every circuit sent to relieve Annam were massed in Lingnan. Supplies from Jiangxi and Hunan had to go up the Xiang River and through the Ling and Li canals—an arduous route—and the armies went hungry. Chen Pan of Runzhou proposed building thousand-hu grain ships to sail rice from Fujian to Guangzhou in under a month. The court approved, and the armies were fed. But officials, under the guise of hired transport, seized merchants' vessels and dumped their cargo ashore. When ships were lost in storms, the rope masters and sailors were imprisoned and forced to repay the lost grain—a burden people bitterly resented.
71
八月，嶺南東道節度使韋宙奏，蠻必向邕州，請分兵屯容、籐州。
In the eighth month, Eastern Lingnan military governor Wei Zhou reported that the barbarians would surely strike at Yongzhou and asked that troops be posted at Rong and Teng.
72
夔王滋薨。
Prince Zi of Kui died.
73
敕以閣門使吳德應等為館驛使。 台諫上言：故事，御史巡驛，不應忽以內臣代之。 上諭以敕命已行，不可復改。 左拾遺劉蛻上言：「昔楚子縣陳，得申叔一言而復封之； 太宗發卒修乾元殿，聞張玄素諫，即日罷之。 自古明君所尚者，從諫如流，豈有已行而不改！ 且敕自陛下出之，自陛下改之，何為不可！」 弗聽。
An edict appointed imperial gate officers Wu Deying and others as postal commissioners. Censors and remonstrators submitted that by precedent postal stations were inspected by censors—not suddenly replaced by inner-court eunuchs. The emperor replied that the order had already been issued and could not be withdrawn. Left Reminder Liu Tui submitted: "When the ruler of Chu once annexed Chen, a single remonstrance from Shen Shu moved him to restore its independence; Emperor Taizong had begun repairing the Qianyuan Hall, but when Zhang Xuansu remonstrated he stopped the work that very day. Enlightened rulers of old prized accepting remonstrance as readily as flowing water—how then can an order already issued remain unchanged! Edicts come from Your Majesty and may be revoked by Your Majesty—what is impossible about that!" The emperor refused to listen.
74
黠戛斯遣其臣合伊難支表求經籍及每年遣使走馬請歷，又欲討回鶻，使安西以來悉歸唐，不許。
Kirghiz sent the minister He Yinanzhi with a petition requesting Buddhist scriptures and annual calendar deliveries by courier, and proposing a campaign against the Uyghurs to restore Tang rule west of Anxi. The court refused.
75
冬，十月，甲戌，以長安尉、集賢校理令狐滈為左拾遺。 乙亥，左拾遺劉蛻上言：「滈專家無子弟之法，布衣行公相之權。」 起居郎張雲言：「滈，父綯用李涿為安南，致南蠻至今為梗，由滈納賄，陷父於惡。」 十一月，丁酉，雲復上言：「滈，父綯執政之時，人號『白衣宰相』。」 滈亦上表引避，乃改詹事府司直。
In the tenth month of winter, on day jiaxu, Chang'an District Magistrate and Collation Scholar Linghu Hao was appointed Left Reminder. On day yihai, Left Reminder Liu Tui submitted: "Hao lorded over his household without the conduct of a dutiful son, and as a commoner wielded the power of chancellor and minister. Attendant Recorder Zhang Yun said: "Hao's father Linghu Tao appointed Li Tuo to Annam, and the southern barbarian threat that persists to this day owes to bribes Hao accepted, drawing his father into disgrace. In the eleventh month, on day dingyou, Zhang Yun submitted again: "When Linghu Tao was in power, people called his son 'the chancellor in plain robes.' Hao himself submitted a memorial asking to withdraw, and was reassigned as secretary-director in the Crown Prince's household.
76
辛巳，廢宿泗觀察使，復以徐州為觀察府，以濠、泗隸焉。
On day xinsi the Su-Si observation commission was abolished; Xuzhou was restored as an observation prefecture with Haozhou and Sizhou under its jurisdiction.
77
十二月，南詔寇西川。
In the twelfth month Nanzhao invaded western Sichuan.
78
昭義節度使沈詢奴歸秦，與詢侍婢通，詢欲殺之，未果。 乙酉，歸秦結牙將作亂，攻府第，殺詢。
Zhaoyi military governor Shen Xun's slave Guiqin had an affair with one of Xun's maidservants. Xun tried to have him killed but failed. On day yiyou, Guiqin incited guard officers to mutiny, stormed the headquarters, and killed Shen Xun.
79
懿宗昭聖恭惠孝皇帝上咸通五年（ 甲申，公元八六四年）
Emperor Yizong, the Sagely, Respectful, and Gracious Filial Emperor; fifth year of Xiantong ( jiashen, AD 864)
80
春，正月，以京兆尹李蠙為昭義節度使，取歸秦心肝以祭沈詢。
In the first month of spring, Capital Metropolitan Prefect Li Fan was appointed Zhaoyi military governor and had Guiqin's heart and liver torn out to sacrifice to Shen Xun.
81
淮南節度使令狐綯為其子滈訟冤。 貶張雲興元少尹，劉蛻華陰令，赦曰：「雖嘉蹇諤之忠，難逃疏易之責。」
Huainan military governor Linghu Tao petitioned on behalf of his son Hao, claiming injustice. Zhang Yun was demoted to vice prefect of Xingyuan and Liu Tui to magistrate of Huayin. The amnesty read: "Though we commend their blunt loyalty, they cannot escape blame for reckless levity."
82
丙午，西川奏，南詔寇巂州，刺史喻士珍破之，獲千餘人。 詔發右神策兵五千及諸道兵戍之。 忠武大將顏慶復請築新安、遏戎二城，從之。
On day bingwu, western Sichuan reported a Nanzhao raid on Xizhou. Prefect Yu Shizhen repulsed them and took more than a thousand prisoners. An edict mobilized five thousand Right Shence troops and forces from other circuits to reinforce the frontier. Zhongwu commander Yan Qingfu proposed building fortresses at Xin'an and E'rong, and the court approved.
83
以容管經略使張茵兼句當交州事。 益海門鎮兵滿二萬五千人，令茵進取安南。
Rong frontier commissioner Zhang Yin was given concurrent charge of Jiaozhou affairs. Haimen garrison strength was raised to twenty-five thousand, and Zhang Yin was ordered to advance and recover Annam.
84
二月，己巳，以刑部尚書、鹽鐵轉運使李福同平章事、充西川節度使。
In the second month, on day jisi, Minister of Justice and salt-and-iron transport commissioner Li Fu was made co-director of the Chancellery and military governor of western Sichuan.
85
甲申，前西川節度使蕭鄴左遷山南西道觀察使。
On day jiashen former western Sichuan military governor Xiao Ye was demoted to observation commissioner of South Shannan West Circuit.
86
三月，丁酉，彗星出於婁，長三尺。 己亥，司天監奏：「按《星經》，是名含譽，瑞星也。」 上主大喜。 請宣示中外，編諸史策。 從之。
In the third month, on day dingyou, a comet three feet long appeared in the constellation Lou. On day jihai the Directorate of Astronomy reported: "According to the Classic of Stars, this is Hanyu—an auspicious star. The emperor was delighted. The astronomers asked that it be announced throughout the empire and entered in the dynastic annals. The request was granted.
87
康承訓至邕州，蠻寇益熾，詔發許、滑、青、汴、兗、鄆、宣、潤八道兵以授之。 承訓不設斥候，南詔帥群蠻近六萬寇邕州，將入境，承訓乃遣六道兵凡萬人拒之，以獠為導，紿之。 敵至，不設備，五道兵八千人皆沒，惟天平軍後一日至，得免。 承訓聞之，惶怖不知所為。 節度副使李行素帥眾治壕柵，甫畢，蠻軍已合圍。 留四日，治攻具，將就，諸將請夜分道斫蠻營，承訓不許，有天平小校再三力爭，乃許之。 小校將勇士三百，夜，縋而出，散燒蠻營，斬首五百餘級。 蠻大驚，間一日，解圍去。 承訓乃遣諸軍數千追之，所殺虜不滿三百級，皆溪獠脅從者。 承訓騰奏告捷，雲大破蠻賊，中外皆賀。
When Kang Cheng-xun reached Yongzhou, barbarian raids intensified. An edict mobilized troops from Xu, Hua, Qing, Bian, Yan, Yun, Xuan, and Run and placed them under his command. Cheng-xun posted no scouts. Nanzhao led nearly sixty thousand barbarians against Yongzhou. As they were about to cross the border, Cheng-xun sent ten thousand men from six circuits to meet them, guided by tribal auxiliaries who betrayed them. The enemy struck without warning. Eight thousand men from five circuits were wiped out. Only the Tianping contingent, arriving a day late, escaped. Cheng-xun was terrified and at a loss when he heard the news. Vice military governor Li Xingsu led the men in digging trenches and raising palisades—but barely had they finished when the barbarian army closed around the city. The barbarians besieged the city for four days while preparing siege engines. As the assault was about to begin, the generals asked to launch a night raid on the enemy camps in separate columns. Cheng-xun refused—until a Tianping junior officer argued him down again and again and he relented. The junior officer led three hundred picked men. By night they were lowered over the walls, set fire to the enemy camps in several places, and took more than five hundred heads. The barbarians were thrown into panic; a day later they broke off the siege and withdrew. Cheng-xun then sent several thousand men in pursuit, but they killed and captured fewer than three hundred—mostly coerced tribal levies. Cheng-xun sent an urgent victory report claiming a crushing defeat of the barbarians, and congratulations poured in from across the empire.
88
夏，四月，以兵部侍郎、判戶部蕭置同平章事。 置，復之孫也。
In the fourth month of summer, Vice Minister of War and acting household director Xiao Zhi was made co-director of the Chancellery. Xiao Zhi was the grandson of Xiao Fu.
89
加康承訓檢校右僕射，賞破蠻之功也。 自餘奏功受賞者，皆承訓子弟親暱，燒營將校不遷一級，由是軍中怨怒，聲流道路。
Kang Cheng-xun was given the honorary title of Right Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat in reward for his supposed victory over the barbarians. All other rewards went to Cheng-xun's sons, brothers, and cronies—not one promotion for the officer who had burned the enemy camps. Resentment spread through the ranks and outrage traveled the highways.
90
五月，敕：「徐州土風雄勁，甲士精強，比因罷節，頗多逃匿，宜令徐泗團練使選募軍士三千人赴邕州防戍，待嶺外事寧，即與代歸。」
In the fifth month an edict read: "Xuzhou's warriors are fierce and its soldiers skilled. Since the military commission was abolished many have gone into hiding. The Xu-Si defense commissioner shall recruit three thousand men for garrison duty at Yongzhou; when Lingnan is pacified they shall be relieved and sent home."
91
秋，七月，西川奏兩林鬼主邀南詔蠻，敗之，殺獲甚眾。 保塞城使杜守連不從南詔，帥眾詣黎州降。
In the seventh month of autumn, western Sichuan reported that the Two Forests Ghost Lord had ambushed Nanzhao forces, defeated them, and inflicted heavy casualties. Du Shoulian, commander of Baosai Fort, refused to submit to Nanzhao, led his troops to Lizhou, and surrendered to Tang.
92
嶺南東道節度使韋宙具知康承訓所為，以書白宰相。 承訓亦自疑懼，累表辭疾，乃以承訓為右武衛大將軍、分司，以容管經略使張茵為嶺南西道節度使，復以容管四州別為經略使。 時南詔知邕州空竭，不復入寇，茵久之不敢進軍取安南。 夏侯孜薦驍衛將軍高駢代之，乃以駢為安南都護、本管經略招討使，茵所將兵悉以授之。 駢，崇文之孫也，世在禁軍。 駢頗讀書，好談今古，兩軍宦官多譽之，累廷右神策都虞候； 党項叛，將禁兵萬人戍長武，屢有功，遷秦州防禦使，復有功，故委以安南。
Wei Zhou, military governor of Lingnan East Circuit, knew exactly what Kang Cheng-xun had been up to and wrote to the chief ministers to expose him. Cheng-xun himself grew anxious and repeatedly asked to resign on grounds of illness. The court made him Grand General of the Right Guard with a nominal post, replaced him with Rongguan frontier commissioner Zhang Yin as military governor of Lingnan West Circuit, and restored the four Rongguan prefectures as a separate frontier command. Nanzhao, seeing that Yongzhou was drained of men and supplies, stopped raiding; Zhang Yin for a long time did not dare march south to retake Annam. Xiahou Zi recommended General of the Brave Guard Gao Pian for the post. Pian was appointed Protector-General of Annam and frontier punitive commissioner, and every soldier under Zhang Yin was transferred to his command. Gao Pian was the grandson of Gao Chongwen and came from a family that had served for generations in the Palace Guard. Pian was well read and loved to hold forth on history; eunuchs of both palace armies spoke highly of him, and he rose repeatedly to deputy commander of the Right Divine Strategy Army; When the Tangut rebelled he took ten thousand palace troops to garrison Changwu and won repeated victories; promoted to defense commissioner of Qin Prefecture, he distinguished himself again, and so the court entrusted him with Annam.
93
冬，十一月，以門下侍郎、同平章事夏侯孜同平章事，充河東節度使。
In the eleventh month of winter, Vice Director of the Chancellery and co-director Xiahou Zi kept his seat on the council and was also appointed military governor of Hedong.
94
壬寅，以翰林學士承旨、兵部侍郎路巖同平章事，時年三十六。
On the day renyin, Hanlin Academician-in-Waiting and Vice Minister of War Lu Yan was made co-director of the Chancellery at the age of thirty-six.
95
懿宗昭聖恭惠孝皇帝上咸通六年（ 乙酉，公元八六五年）
Emperor Yizong, the Sagely, Respectful, and Gracious Filial Emperor; sixth year of Xiantong ( yiyou, AD 865)
96
春，正月，丁已，始以懿安皇后配饗憲宗室。 時王皞復為禮院檢討官，更申前議，朝廷竟從之。
In the first month of spring, on the day dingsi, Empress Yi'an was for the first time given paired offerings in Emperor Xianzong's ancestral temple. Wang Hao, once again serving as a review officer in the Board of Rites, renewed his earlier proposal, and the court at last accepted it.
97
諸道進私白者，閩中為多，故宦官多閩人。 福建觀察使杜宣猷每寒食遣吏分祭其先□，宦官德之，庚申，以宣猷為宣歙觀察使，時人謂之「敕使墓戶」。
Of the tribute of private white silk sent up from the provinces, Fujian contributed the most— which is why so many eunuchs were Fujianese. Every Cold Food Festival, Fujian observation commissioner Du Xuanyou sent out clerks to tend the ancestral graves of eunuchs' families. The eunuchs were deeply obliged. On gengshen he was promoted to Xuanshe observation commissioner, and contemporaries nicknamed him "the edict-envoy's grave-keeper."
98
三月，中書侍郎、同平章事蕭置薨。
In the third month, Vice Director of the Secretariat and co-director Xiao Zhi died.
99
夏，四月，以前東川節度使高璩為兵部侍郎、同平章事。 璩，元裕之子也。
In the fourth month of summer, former Dongchuan military governor Gao Chu was appointed Vice Minister of War and co-director of the Chancellery. Gao Chu was the son of Gao Yuanyu.
100
楊收建議，以「蠻寇積年未平，兩河兵戍嶺南冒瘴霧物故者什六七，請於江西積粟，募強弩三萬人，以應接嶺南，道近便，仍建節以重其權。」 從之。 五月，辛丑，置鎮南軍於洪州。
Yang Shou proposed: "The barbarian raids have dragged on for years. Of the troops from the two He regions sent to garrison Lingnan, six or seven in ten have perished from miasma and disease. I ask that grain be stockpiled in Jiangxi and thirty thousand crossbowmen recruited to reinforce Lingnan—the route is shorter and easier, and a military commission should be established to give the command full authority." The court approved. In the fifth month, on the day xinchou, the Zhennan Army was established at Hongzhou.
101
巂州刺史喻士珍貪獪，掠兩林蠻以易金。 南詔復寇巂州，兩林蠻開門納之，南詔盡殺戍卒，士珍降之。
Yu Shizhen, prefect of Xi Prefecture, was greedy and ruthless; he seized tribesmen of the Two Forests and sold them for gold. Nanzhao attacked Xi Prefecture again. The Two Forests tribes opened the gates to them; Nanzhao slaughtered the entire garrison, and Shizhen surrendered.
102
壬寅，以桂管觀察使嚴譔為鎮南節度使。 譔，震之從孫也
On the day renyin, Gui Circuit observation commissioner Yan Zuan was appointed military governor of Zhennan. Yan Zuan was the grandnephew of Yan Zhen.
103
六月，高璩薨。
In the sixth month, Gao Chu died.
104
以御史大夫徐商為兵部侍郎、同平章事。
Censor-in-Chief Xu Shang was appointed Vice Minister of War and co-director of the Chancellery.
105
秋，七月，立皇子侃為郢王，儼為普王。
In the seventh month of autumn, the princes Kan and Yan were enfeoffed as Prince of Ying and Prince of Pu.
106
高駢治兵於海門，未進。 監軍李維周惡駢，欲去之，屢趣駢使進軍。 駢以五千人先濟，約維周發兵應援。 駢既行，維周擁餘眾，不發一卒以繼之。 九月，駢至南定，峰州蠻眾近五萬，方獲田，駢掩擊，大破之，收其所獲以食軍。
Gao Pian trained his army at Haimen but did not march forward. Army supervisor Li Weizhou despised Pian and wanted him gone; he kept pressing Pian to advance. Pian crossed ahead with five thousand men, with Weizhou pledged to follow with reinforcements. After Pian had gone, Weizhou kept the rest of the army and did not send a single man after him. In the ninth month Pian reached Nanding. Nearly fifty thousand Fengzhou tribesmen were out harvesting their fields; Pian struck by surprise, crushed them, and used their grain to feed his troops.
107
冬，十二月，壬子，太皇太后鄭氏崩。
In the twelfth month of winter, on the day renzi, Grand Empress Dowager Lady Zheng died.
108
懿宗昭聖恭惠孝皇帝上咸通七年（ 丙戌，公元八六六年）
Emperor Yizong, the Sagely, Respectful, and Gracious Filial Emperor; seventh year of Xiantong ( bingxu, AD 866)
109
春，二月，歸義節度使張義潮奏北庭回鶻固俊克西州、北庭、輪台、清鎮等城。
In the second month of spring, Guiyi military governor Zhang Yichao reported that the Beiting Uyghur Guo Jun had recaptured Xizhou, Beiting, Luntai, Qingzhen, and other towns.
110
論恐熱寓居廓州，糾合旁側諸部，欲為邊患，皆不從。 所向盡為仇敵，無所容。 仇人認告拓跋懷光於鄯州，懷光引兵擊破之。
Lun Kongre, living in exile at Kuozhou, tried to rally the neighboring tribes to raid the frontier, but none would follow him. Everywhere he turned he found enemies; he had nowhere left to go. A foe denounced him to Tuoba Huailiang at Zhaozhou; Huailiang marched out and routed him.
111
三月，戊寅，以河東節度使劉潼為西川節度使。 初，南詔圍巂州，東蠻浪稽部竭力助之，遂屠其城，卑籠部怨南詔殺其父兄，導忠武戍兵襲浪稽，滅之。 南詔由是怨唐。 南詔遣清平官董成等詣成都，節度使李福盛儀衛以見之。 故事，南詔使見節度使，拜伏於庭，成等曰：「驃信已應天順人，我見節度使當抗禮。」 傳言往返，自旦至日中不決。 將士皆憤怒，福乃命捽而毆之，因械繫於獄。 劉潼到鎮，釋之，奏遣還國。 詔召成等至京師，見於別殿，厚賜，勞而遣之。
In the third month, on the day wuyin, Hedong military governor Liu Tong was appointed military governor of West Sichuan. Earlier, when Nanzhao besieged Xi Prefecture, the Eastern Barbarian Langji tribe had fought hard on Nanzhao's side and helped sack the city. The Bilong tribe, furious that Nanzhao had killed their fathers and brothers, guided Zhongwu garrison troops in a strike on the Langji and wiped them out. From this Nanzhao turned against Tang. Nanzhao sent its chief minister Dong Cheng and others to Chengdu; military governor Li Fu received them with full ceremonial display. By custom, Nanzhao envoys prostrated themselves in the courtyard before the military governor. Cheng and his party said: "Our Piluo has received Heaven's mandate and won the people's assent; when we meet the military governor we should greet each other as equals." Messages shuttled back and forth from dawn until midday with no agreement. Officers and soldiers were outraged; Fu had the envoys seized and beaten, then shackled and thrown into prison. When Liu Tong took up his post he freed them and memorialized that they be sent home. An edict summoned Cheng and his party to the capital; they were received in a side hall, richly rewarded, treated with courtesy, and sent on their way.
112
成德節度使王紹懿，在鎮十年，為政寬簡，軍民便之。 疾病，召兄紹鼎之子都知兵馬使景崇而告之曰：「吾兄以汝之幼，以軍政授我。 汝今長矣，我復以軍政歸汝。 努力為之，上忠朝廷，下和鄰籓，勿墜吾兄之業，汝之功也。」 言竟而薨。
Wang Shaoyi had governed Chengde for ten years with a light and straightforward hand, to the satisfaction of soldiers and civilians alike. When he fell ill he summoned his brother Shaoding's son Jingchong, commander of military affairs, and said: "My brother, seeing how young you were, entrusted the army and government to me. You are a man now; I give the army and government back to you. Do your utmost: loyal to the throne above, at peace with neighboring circuits below. Do not let my brother's legacy slip—that will be your merit." With those words he died.
113
閏月，吐蕃寇邠寧，節度使薛弘宗拒卻之。
In the intercalary month Tibet raided Binning; military governor Xue Hongzong drove them back.
114
夏，四月，辛巳，貶前西川節度使李福為蘄王傅。
In the fourth month of summer, on the day xinsi, former West Sichuan military governor Li Fu was demoted to tutor of the Prince of Qi.
115
五月，葬孝明皇后於景陵之側，主祔別廟。
In the fifth month Empress Xiaoming was buried beside Jingling, with her spirit tablet placed in a separate shrine.
116
六月，魏博節度使何弘敬薨，軍中立其子左司馬全皞為留後。
In the sixth month Weibo military governor He Hongjing died; the army installed his son, Left Vice Cavalry General He Quanhao, as acting governor.
117
以王景崇為成德留後。
Wang Jingchong was appointed acting governor of Chengde.
118
南詔酋龍遣善闡節度使楊緝思助安南節度使段酋遷守交趾，以范暱些為安南都統，趙諾眉為扶邪都統。 監陳敕使韋仲宰將七千人至峰州，高駢得以益其軍，進擊南詔，屢破之。 捷奏至海門，李維周皆匿之，數月無聲問。 上怪之，以問維周，維周奏駢駐軍峰州，玩寇不進。 上怒，以右武衛將軍王晏權代駢鎮安南，召駢詣闕，欲重貶之。 晏權，智興之從子也。 是月，駢大破南詔蠻於交趾，殺獲甚眾，遂圍交趾城。
Nanzhao chieftain Long sent Shanchan military governor Yang Jisi to help Annam military governor Duan Qiouqian hold Jiaozhi; Fan Nixie was made overall commander of Annam and Zhao Nuomei overall commander of Fuye. Supervising envoy Wei Zhongzai of the Chen mission arrived at Fengzhou with seven thousand men; Gao Pian was able to reinforce his army, push against Nanzhao, and win victory after victory. Victory reports reaching Haimen were all suppressed by Li Weizhou; for months the court heard nothing. The emperor was puzzled and questioned Weizhou, who reported that Pian was sitting at Fengzhou, dallying with the enemy and refusing to advance. The emperor was furious. Right Guard General Wang Yanquan was sent to replace Pian in Annam, and Pian was recalled to court for severe punishment. Wang Yanquan was the nephew of Wang Zhixing. That same month Pian routed the Nanzhao forces at Jiaozhi with heavy slaughter and capture, then laid siege to the city.
119
秋，七月，以何全皞為魏博留後。
In the seventh month of autumn, He Quanhao was confirmed as acting governor of Weibo.
120
冬，十月，甲申，以門下侍郎、同平章事楊收為宣歙觀察使。 收性侈靡，門吏僮奴多倚為奸利。 楊玄價兄弟受方鎮之賂，屢有請托，收不能盡從。 玄價怒，以為叛己，故出之。
In the tenth month of winter, on the day jiashen, Vice Director of the Chancellery and co-director Yang Shou was transferred out to serve as Xuanshe observation commissioner. Yang Shou lived lavishly, and his gate clerks and household servants used his name to turn a dishonest profit. Yang Xuanjia and his brothers took bribes from regional commanders and kept asking favors; Shou could not satisfy every request. Xuanjia, furious at what he took for betrayal, arranged to have him removed from court.
121
拓跋懷光以五百騎入廓州，生擒論恐熱，先刖其足，數而斬之，傳首京師。 其部眾東奔秦州，尚延心邀擊，破之，悉奏遷於嶺南。 吐蕃由是衰絕，乞離胡君臣不知所終。
Tuoba Huailiang rode into Kuozhou with five hundred cavalry, took Lun Kongre alive, cut off his feet, denounced and beheaded him, and sent his head to the capital. His followers fled east toward Qinzhou; Shang Yanxin cut them off, defeated them, and memorialized to resettle the whole band in Lingnan. Tibet collapsed from this blow; the Qilihu king and his ministers vanished without trace.
122
高駢圍交趾十餘日，蠻困蹙甚，城且下，會得王晏權牒，已與李維周將大軍發海門。 駢即以軍事授韋仲宰，與麾下百餘人北歸。 先是，仲宰遣小使王惠贊，駢遣小校曾袞入告交趾之捷。 至海中，望見旌旗東來，問遊船，雲新經略使與監軍也。 二人謀曰：「維周必奪表留我。」 乃匿於島間，維周過，即馳詣京師。 上得奏，大喜，即加駢檢校工部尚書，復鎮安南。 駢至海門而還。
Gao Pian had besieged Jiaozhi for more than ten days; the enemy was hard pressed and the city was on the verge of surrender when he learned from Wang Yanquan's dispatch that Yanquan and Li Weizhou were marching a large force from Haimen. Pian immediately turned command over to Wei Zhongzai and rode north with a little over a hundred men. Earlier, Zhongzai had sent junior envoy Wang Huizan and Pian had sent junior officer Zeng Gun to carry word of the victory at Jiaozhi. Out at sea they saw banners approaching from the east; asking passing boats, they learned it was the new frontier commissioner and the army supervisor. The two men agreed: "Weizhou is sure to seize our reports and hold us." So they hid among the islands; after Weizhou had passed they raced straight to the capital. The emperor received their report and was delighted; he immediately promoted Pian to honorary Minister of Works and restored him to command in Annam. Pian reached Haimen and turned back.
123
王晏權暗懦，動稟李維周之命； 維周凶貪，諸將不為之用，遂解重圍，蠻遁去者太半。 駢至，復督勵將士攻城，遂克之，殺段酋遷及土蠻為南詔鄉導者朱道古，斬首三萬餘級，南詔遁去。 駢又破土蠻附南詔者二洞，誅其酋長，土蠻帥眾歸附者萬七千人。
Wang Yanquan was dim-witted and timid; every move awaited Li Weizhou's word; Weizhou was brutal and grasping; the generals would not obey him, the siege slackened, and more than half the enemy slipped away. When Pian arrived he rallied the troops, stormed the city, and took it. He killed Duan Qiouqian and the native chieftain Zhu Daogu, who had guided Nanzhao, took more than thirty thousand heads, and Nanzhao withdrew. Pian also overran two native strongholds that had sided with Nanzhao, executed their chiefs, and received the submission of seventeen thousand tribesmen under their leaders.
124
十一月，壬子，赦天下。 詔安南、邕州、西川諸軍各保疆域，勿復進攻南詔。 委劉潼曉諭，如能更修舊好，一切不問。 置靜海軍於安南，以高駢為節度使。 自李涿侵擾群蠻，為安南患殆將十年，至是始平。 駢築安南城，週三千步，造屋四十餘萬間。
In the eleventh month, on the day renzi, a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. An edict commanded the armies of Annam, Yongzhou, and West Sichuan to hold their own ground and make no further attacks on Nanzhao. Liu Tong was charged to make clear that if Nanzhao would renew the old friendship, all past offenses would be forgiven. The Jinghai Army was established at Annam, with Gao Pian as its military governor. Since Li Zhuo had stirred up the tribal peoples, Annam had been in turmoil for nearly ten years; only now was the region finally pacified. Pian built the city of Annam with walls three thousand paces around and put up more than four hundred thousand structures.
125
十二月，黠戛斯遣將軍乙支連幾入貢，奏遣鞍馬迎冊立使及請亥年歷日。
In the twelfth month the Kirghiz sent General Yizhi Lianji with tribute, asking that saddled horses be sent to meet the investiture envoy and requesting the calendar for the hai year.
126
以成德留後王景崇為節度使。
Wang Jingchong, acting governor of Chengde, was confirmed as military governor.
127
上好音樂宴游，殿前供奉樂工常近五百人，每月宴設不減十餘，水陸皆備，聽樂觀優，不知厭倦，賜與動及千緡。 曲江，昆明、灞滻、南宮、北苑、昭應、咸陽，所欲游幸即行，不待供置，有司常具音樂、飲食、幄帟，諸王立馬以備陪從。 每行幸，內外諸司扈從者十餘萬人，所費不可勝紀。
The emperor loved music and revelry. Nearly five hundred palace musicians stood ready before the hall; each month saw no fewer than a dozen feasts, with delicacies from land and sea. He listened to music and watched players without ever growing weary, and his gifts often ran to a thousand strings of cash. Qujiang, Kunming Lake, Bahao, the Southern Palace, the Northern Park, Zhaoying, Xianyang—wherever he wished to go he went at once, without waiting for arrangements. The responsible offices always kept music, food, drink, and tents on hand, and the princes held their horses ready to ride along. On each outing more than a hundred thousand officials and attendants from within and outside the palace followed in his train, at a cost beyond counting.
128
懿宗昭聖恭惠孝皇帝上咸通八年（ 丁亥，公元八六七年）
Emperor Yizong, the Sagely, Respectful, and Gracious Filial Emperor; eighth year of Xiantong ( dinghai, AD 867)
129
春，正月，以魏博留後何全皞為節度使。
In spring, the first month, He Quanhao, acting governor of Weibo, was appointed military governor.
130
二月，歸義節度使張義潮入朝，以為右神武統軍，命其族子惟深守歸義。
In the second month, Zhang Yichao of Guiyi came to court and was made commander of the Right Divine Martial Army, while his kinsman Weishen was left to guard Guiyi.
131
自安南至邕、廣，海路多潛石覆舟，靜海節度使高駢募工鑿之，漕運無滯。
Between Annam and Yong and Guang, hidden reefs wrecked many ships. Gao Pian, governor of Jinghai, hired workers to clear them, and the grain route ran smoothly again.
132
四川近邊六姓蠻，常持兩端，無寇則稱效順，有寇必為前鋒。 卑籠部獨盡心於唐，與群蠻為仇，朝廷賜姓李，除為刺史。 節度使劉潼遣將將兵助之，討六姓蠻，焚其部落，斬首五千餘級。
The Six-Clan tribes on the Sichuan frontier habitually played both sides—declaring loyalty in peace but leading the charge whenever raiders struck. Only the Bilong tribe remained wholly loyal to Tang and feuded with the other tribes; the court granted them the surname Li and appointed their leader prefect. Governor Liu Tong sent troops to aid them, attacked the Six-Clan tribes, burned their camps, and took more than five thousand heads.
133
樂工李可及善為新聲，三月，上以可及為左威衛將軍。 曹確諫曰：「太宗定文武官六百餘員，謂房玄齡曰『朕以待天下賢士，工商雜流，不可處也。』 大和中，文宗欲以樂工尉遲璋為王府率，拾遺竇洵直諫，即改光州長史。 乞以兩朝故事，別除可及官。」 不從。
The musician Li Keji excelled at new compositions; in the third month the emperor made him a general of the Left Weiwu Guard. Cao Que protested: "Emperor Taizong set more than six hundred civil and military posts and told Fang Xuanling, 'I reserve office for the worthy of the realm—merchants, artisans, and mixed professions must not hold rank. Under Emperor Wenzong in the Dahe era, when the emperor wished to make the musician Yuchi Zhang commandant of the princely household, remonstrance official Dou Xunzhi objected and Zhang was promptly reassigned as long history of Guang Prefecture. I ask that Keji be given a different office, following the precedent of both earlier reigns." The emperor refused.
134
夏，四月，上不豫，群臣希進見。
In summer, the fourth month, the emperor fell ill and the ministers seldom saw him.
135
五月，丙辰，疏理天下系囚，非臣蠹不可赦者，皆遞降一等。
In the fifth month, on bingchen, prisoners empire-wide were reviewed; all except irredeemable criminals had their sentences reduced by one degree.
136
秋，七月，壬寅，蘄王緝薨。
In autumn, the seventh month, on renyin, Prince Ji of Qi died.
137
懷州民訴旱，刺史劉仁規揭榜禁之，民怒，相與作亂，逐仁規，仁規逃匿村舍。 民入州宅，掠其家貲，登樓擊鼓，久之乃定。
When the people of Huai Prefecture petitioned about drought, Prefect Liu Rengui posted a ban on such complaints. Enraged, they rioted, drove him out, and he fled to hide in a village. They stormed the prefectural compound, looted his property, climbed the tower and beat the drum, and order was restored only after a long while.
138
甲子，以兵部侍郎、充諸道鹽鐵轉運等使、附馬都尉-{于}-琮同平章事。
On jiazi, Vice Minister of War and Commissioner for Salt, Iron, and Transport Yu Zong, an imperial son-in-law, was made Co-Director of the Secretariat.
139
宣歙察使楊收過華岳廟，施衣物，使巫祈禱，縣令誣以為收罪。 右拾罪韋保衡復言，收前為相，除嚴譔江西節度使，受錢百萬，又置造船務，人訟其侵隱。 八月，庚寅，貶收端州司馬。
Yang Shou, observation commissioner of Xuan-She, visited Mount Hua's temple, gave offerings of clothing, and had shamans pray; the county magistrate falsely made this a charge against him. Right remonstrance official Wei Baoheng added that when Shou was chancellor he had appointed Yan Zan governor of Jiangxi for a million in cash, set up a shipbuilding office, and was accused of embezzlement. In the eighth month, on gengyin, Shou was demoted to army supervisor of Duan Prefecture.
140
九月，上疾瘳。
In the ninth month the emperor recovered from his illness.
141
冬，十二月，信王心丐薨。
In winter, the twelfth month, Prince Xingai of Xin died.
142
加嶺南東道節度使韋宙同平章事。
Wei Zhou, military governor of Lingnan East Circuit, was also made Co-Director of the Secretariat.