1
資治通鑑第260卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 260.
2
【唐紀七十六】起旃蒙單閼，盡柔兆執徐，凡二年。
[Tang Annals 76] From Shamen Dan'e through Rouzhao Zhisi—two years in all.
3
昭宗聖穆景文孝皇帝上之下乾寧二年（ 乙卯，公元八九五年）
The latter portion of the reign of Emperor Zhaozong, the Sagely, Solemn, Illustrious, Cultured, and Filial—Qianning year 2 ( yimao, corresponding to 895 CE).
4
春，正月，辛酉，幽州軍民數萬以麾蓋歌鼓迎李克用入府捨； 克用命李存審、劉仁恭將兵略定巡屬。
In spring, the first month, on xinyou, tens of thousands of Youzhou troops and civilians welcomed Li Keyong into the government compound with banners, canopies, music, and drums; Keyong ordered Li Cunshen and Liu Rengong to lead troops and bring the surrounding districts under control.
5
癸未，朱全忠遣其將朱友恭圍兗州，朱瑄自鄆以兵糧救之，友恭設伏，敗之於高梧，盡奪其餉，擒河東將安福順、安福慶。
On guiwei, Zhu Quanzhong sent his general Zhu Yougong to besiege Yanzhou. Zhu Xuan marched from Yan with troops and provisions to relieve the city. Yougong set an ambush and routed him at Gaowu, seized all his supplies, and took captive the Hedong generals An Fushun and An Fuqing.
6
己已，以給事中陸希聲為戶部侍郎、同平章事。 希聲，元方五世孫也。
On jisi, Lu Xisheng, supervising secretary, was appointed Vice Minister of Revenue and Director of the Chancellery. Xisheng was a fifth-generation descendant of Lu Yuanfang.
7
壬申，護國節度使王重盈薨，軍中請以重榮子行軍司馬珂知留後事。 珂，重盈兄重簡之子也，重榮養以為子。
On renshen, Wang Chongying, military governor of Huguo, died. The army asked that Ke—Chongrong's son and acting army marshal—be appointed acting military governor. Ke was the son of Chongying's elder brother Chongjian; Chongrong had adopted him as his own.
8
楊行密表朱全忠罪惡，請會易定、兗、鄆、河東兵討之。
Yang Xingmi submitted a memorial detailing Zhu Quanzhong's crimes and asking that forces from Yiding, Yan, Yan, and Hedong unite to campaign against him.
9
董昌將稱帝，集將佐議之。 節度副使黃碣曰：「今唐室雖微，天人未厭。 齊桓、晉文皆翼戴周室以成霸業。 大王興於畎畝，受朝廷厚恩，位至將相，富貴極矣，奈何一旦忽為族滅之計乎！ 碣寧死為忠臣，不生為叛逆！」 昌怒，以為惑眾，斬之，投其首於廁中，罵之曰：「奴賊負我！ 好聖明時三公不能待，而先求死也！」 並殺其家八十口，同坎瘞之。 又問會稽令吳鐐，對曰：「大王不為真諸侯以傳子孫，乃欲假天子以取滅亡邪！」 昌亦族誅之。 又謂山陰令張遜曰：「汝有能政，吾深知之，俟吾為帝，命汝知御史臺。」 遜曰：「大王起石鏡鎮，建節浙東，榮貴近二十年，何苦效李錡、劉辟之所為乎！ 浙東僻處海隅，巡屬雖有六州，大王若稱帝，彼必不從，徒守孤城，為天下笑耳！」 昌又殺之，謂人曰：「無此三人者，則人莫我違矣！」 二月，辛卯，昌被兗冕登子城門樓，即皇帝位。 悉陳瑞物於庭以示眾。 先是，咸通末，吳、越間訛言山中有大鳥，四目三足，聲云「羅平天冊」，見者有殃，民間多畫像以祀之。 及昌僭號，曰：「此吾鸑鷟也。」 乃自稱大越羅平國，改元順天，署城樓曰天冊之樓，令群下謂己曰：「聖人」。 以前杭州刺史李邈、前婺州刺史蔣瑰、兩浙鹽鐵副使杜郢、前屯田郎中李瑜為相。 又以吳瑤等皆為翰林學士、李暢之等皆為大將軍。 昌移書錢鏐，告以權即羅平國位，以鏐為兩浙都指揮使。 鏐遺昌書曰：「與其閉門作天子，與九族、百姓俱陷塗炭，豈若開門作節度使，終身富貴邪！ 及今悛悔，尚可及也！」 昌不聽，鏐乃將兵三萬詣越州城下，至迎恩門見昌，再拜言曰：「大王位兼將相，奈何捨安就危！ 鏐將兵此來，以俟大王改過耳。 若天子命將出師，縱大王不自惜，鄉里士民何罪，隨大王族滅乎！」 昌懼，致犒軍錢二百萬，執首謀者吳瑤及巫覡數人送於鏐，且請待罪天子。 鏐引兵還，以狀聞。
Dong Chang was preparing to declare himself emperor and summoned his generals and staff to deliberate. Deputy military governor Huang Jie said, "The Tang house may be weak, but Heaven and the people have not yet abandoned it. Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen of Jin both upheld the Zhou house and thereby achieved hegemony. Your Highness rose from humble origins, received great favor from the court, rose to general and minister, and reached the height of wealth and honor—why would you suddenly embrace a plan that will destroy your entire clan! I would rather die a loyal minister than live as a rebel!" Chang was enraged, judged him guilty of misleading the masses, had him beheaded, and threw his head into a latrine, crying, "Slave-traitor, you betrayed me! In this enlightened age you could not wait to become one of the Three Dukes, yet you rushed to seek death first!" He also executed eighty members of Huang's household and buried them together in a single pit. He next questioned the magistrate of Kuaiji, Wu Liao, who replied, "Your Highness could remain a true feudal lord and pass your domain to your descendants—why borrow the title of Son of Heaven only to court destruction!" Chang had Wu and his entire clan executed as well. He also told the magistrate of Shanyin, Zhang Xun, "You have governed ably, and I know it well. When I become emperor I shall appoint you to head the Censorate." Xun said, "Your Highness rose from Shijing town, received a commandery in eastern Zhe, and has enjoyed glory and wealth for nearly twenty years—why imitate the fates of Li Qi and Liu Pi! Eastern Zhe lies remote on the coast. Though your circuit has six prefectures, if you declare yourself emperor they will surely not follow; you would merely hold a lone city and become the laughingstock of the realm!" Chang killed him as well and told others, "Without these three men, no one would dare oppose me!" In the second month, on xinmao, Chang donned imperial regalia, ascended the inner city's gate tower, and proclaimed himself emperor. He displayed all auspicious objects in the courtyard for the assembled crowd to see. Earlier, at the end of the Xiantong era, rumor spread through Wu and Yue of a great bird in the mountains with four eyes and three feet, whose cry was said to be "Luoping, the heavenly mandate." Those who saw it met misfortune, and people widely painted its image for worship. When Chang usurped the imperial title he said, "This is my yuèzhuó bird." He styled his state Great Yue Luoping, changed the era name to Shuntian, named the gate tower the Tower of the Heavenly Mandate, and ordered his followers to address him as "the Sage." He appointed the former prefect of Hangzhou Li Miao, the former prefect of Wuzhou Jiang Gui, the deputy commissioner of the Two Zhes Salt and Iron Monopoly Du Ying, and the former director of the Directorate of Agriculture Li Yu as chancellors. He also made Wu Yao and others Hanlin academicians and Li Changzhi and others great generals. Chang wrote to Qian Liu informing him that he was provisionally assuming the throne of Luoping and appointing Liu commander-in-chief of the Two Zhes. Liu wrote back to Chang, "Rather than shutting your gates to play Son of Heaven and plunging your nine clans and the common people into misery, would it not be better to open your gates and remain a military governor, wealthy and honored for life! If you repent now, it is still not too late!" Chang would not listen. Liu then led thirty thousand troops to Yuezhou, came to the Gate of Welcoming Grace to see Chang, bowed twice, and said, "Your Highness holds the rank of both general and minister—why abandon security for peril! I have brought troops here only to await Your Highness's reform. If the Son of Heaven orders a general to march, even if Your Highness does not value your own life, what crime have the gentry and common people of this region committed that they should be exterminated with you!" Chang was frightened. He sent two million in cash to reward the army, seized the chief plotter Wu Yao and several shamans and delivered them to Liu, and asked to await judgment from the Son of Heaven. Liu withdrew his troops and reported the matter to the court.
10
王重盈之子保義節度使珙、晉州刺史瑤舉兵擊王珂，表言珂非王氏子。 與朱全忠書，言「珂本吾家蒼頭，不應為嗣。」 珂上表自陳，且求援於李克用。 上遣中使諭解之。
Wang Chongying's sons—Wang Gong, military governor of Baoyi, and Wang Yao, prefect of Jin—raised troops to attack Wang Ke and memorialized that Ke was not a son of the Wang clan. They wrote to Zhu Quanzhong, saying, "Ke was originally a household slave in our family and ought not to succeed." Ke submitted a memorial in his own defense and also sought aid from Li Keyong. The emperor sent a palace envoy to instruct them to stand down.
11
上重李谿文學，乙未，復以谿為戶部侍郎、同平章事。
The emperor valued Li Xi's literary talent. On yiwei he again appointed Xi Vice Minister of Revenue and Director of the Chancellery.
12
己酉，朱全忠軍於單父，為朱友恭聲援。
On jiyou, Zhu Quanzhong encamped at Shanfu to support Zhu Yougong.
13
李克用表劉仁恭為盧龍留後，留兵戍之； 壬子，還晉陽。
Li Keyong memorialized requesting Liu Rengong as acting military governor of Lulong and left troops to garrison the region; on renzi he returned to Jinyang.
14
媯州人高思繼兄弟，在武干，為燕人所服，克用皆以為都將，分掌幽州兵； 部下士卒，皆山北之豪也，仁恭憚之。 久之，河東兵戍幽州者暴橫，思繼兄弟以法裁之，所誅殺甚多。 克用怒，以讓仁恭，仁恭訴稱高氏兄弟所為，克用俱殺之。 仁恭欲收燕人心，復引其諸子置帳下，厚撫之。
The brothers Gao Siji of Guizhou, skilled in arms and respected by the people of Yan—Keyong appointed them all as commanders and divided control of the Youzhou troops among them; their soldiers were all powerful men of the northern mountains, and Rengong feared them. After a time the Hedong troops garrisoning Youzhou grew violent and overbearing; the Gao brothers punished them by law and executed a great many. Keyong was angry and reproached Rengong. Rengong pleaded that the Gao brothers were responsible, and Keyong had them all killed. Rengong wished to win the hearts of the people of Yan; he again took the Gao brothers' sons into his retinue and treated them generously.
15
崔昭緯與李茂貞、王行瑜深相結，得天子過失，朝廷機事，悉以告之。 邠寧節度副使崔鋋，昭緯之族也，李谿再入相，昭緯使鋋告行瑜曰：「向者尚書令之命已行矣，而韋昭度沮之，今又引李谿為同列，相與熒惑聖聽，恐復有杜太尉之事。」 行瑜乃與茂貞表稱谿奸邪，昭度無相業，宜罷居散秩。 上報曰：「軍旅之事，聯則與籓鎮圖之； 至於命相，當出朕懷。」 行瑜等論列不已，三月，谿復罷為太子少師。
Cui Zhaowei was deeply allied with Li Maozhen and Wang Xingyu; whenever he learned of the emperor's faults or confidential court affairs, he reported them all. Cui Chan, deputy military governor of Binning and a kinsman of Zhaowei—when Li Xi reentered the chancellery, Zhaowei had Chan tell Xingyu, "Earlier the appointment as Director of the Department of State Affairs had already been issued, yet Wei Zhaodu blocked it. Now they have brought Li Xi in as a colleague; together they bewilder the imperial ear—I fear there will again be an affair like that of Duke Du." Xingyu then joined Maozhen in a memorial calling Xi treacherous and wicked and saying Zhaodu lacked the capacity of a chancellor; both should be dismissed to honorary posts. The emperor replied, "On military affairs I shall consult with the frontier commands; as for appointing chancellors, that must come from my own mind." Xingyu and the others argued on without cease. In the third month Xi was again dismissed and made Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent.
16
王珙、王瑤請朝廷命河中帥，詔以中書侍郎、同平章事崔胤同平章事，充護國節度使； 以戶部侍郎、判戶部王摶為中書侍郎、同平章事。
Wang Gong and Wang Yao asked the court to appoint a military governor of Hezhong. An edict made Cui Yin, Vice Director of the Secretariat and Director of the Chancellery, military governor of Huguo as well; and appointed Wang Tuan, Vice Minister of Revenue and acting head of the ministry, Vice Director of the Secretariat and Director of the Chancellery.
17
王珂，李克用之婿也。 克用表重榮有功於國，請賜其子珂節鉞。 王珙厚結王行瑜、李茂貞、韓建三帥，更上表稱珂非王氏子，請以珂為陝州、珙為河中。 上諭以先已允克用之秦，不許。
Wang Ke was Li Keyong's son-in-law. Keyong memorialized that Chongrong had rendered great service to the state and requested that his son Ke be granted the command. Wang Gong cultivated close ties with the three commanders Wang Xingyu, Li Maozhen, and Han Jian and again memorialized that Ke was not a Wang clansman, requesting that Ke be given Shaan and Gong be given Hezhong. The emperor explained that he had already granted Keyong's request and would not allow it.
18
加王鎔兼侍中。
Wang Rong was additionally appointed Attendant-in-Chief.
19
楊行密浮淮至泗州，防禦使台濛盛飾供帳，行密不悅。 既行，濛於臥內得補綻衣，馳使歸之。 行密笑曰：「吾少貧賤，不敢忘本。」 濛甚慚。 行密攻濠州，撥之，執刺史張璲。 行密軍士掠得徐州人李氏之子，生八年矣，行密養以為子，行密長子渥憎之； 行密謂其將徐溫曰：「此兒質狀性識，頗異於人，吾度渥必不能容，今賜汝為子。」 溫名之曰知誥。 知誥事溫，勤孝過於諸子。 嘗得罪於溫，溫笞而逐之； 及歸，知誥迎拜於門。 溫問：「何故猶在此？」 知誥泣對曰：「人子捨父母將何之！ 父怒而歸母，人情之常也。」 溫以是益愛之，使掌家事，家人無違言。 及長，喜書善射，識度英偉。 行密常謂溫曰：「知誥俊傑，諸將子皆不及也。」 丁亥，行密圍壽州。
Yang Xingmi sailed the Huai to Sizhou. Defense commissioner Tai Meng lavishly prepared his reception quarters, and Xingmi was displeased. After he had departed, Meng found a patched garment in the sleeping quarters and sent a courier at full speed to return it. Xingmi laughed and said, "In my youth I was poor and lowly; I dare not forget my origins." Meng was deeply ashamed. Xingmi attacked Haozhou, captured it, and seized the prefect Zhang Jin. Xingmi's soldiers had plundered a son of the Li clan of Xuzhou, eight years old; Xingmi adopted him as a son, but Xingmi's eldest son Wo hated him; Xingmi said to his general Xu Wen, "This boy's appearance and nature are quite unlike others. I reckon Wo will surely not tolerate him; I now give him to you as a son." Wen named him Zhigao. Zhigao served Wen with diligence and filial piety surpassing Wen's other sons. Once he offended Wen; Wen flogged him and drove him out; when Wen returned, Zhigao met him at the gate with bows. Wen asked, "Why are you still here?" Zhigao wept and replied, "Where would a son go if he abandoned his parents! When a father is angry a son returns to his mother—that is human nature." Wen therefore loved him all the more, put him in charge of household affairs, and the family offered no dissent. When he grew up he loved books and was skilled at archery, with lofty insight and bearing. Xingmi often told Wen, "Zhigao is a prodigy; none of the generals' sons can match him." On dinghai Xingmi besieged Shouzhou.
20
上以郊畿多盜，至有逾垣入宮或侵犯陵寢者，欲令宗室諸王將兵巡警，又欲使之四方撫慰籓鎮。 南北司用事之臣恐其不利於己，交章論諫。 上不得已，夏，四月，下詔悉罷之。
Because bandits were numerous in the capital suburbs—some even scaling walls to enter the palace or violating imperial tombs—the emperor wished to have princes of the imperial clan lead troops on patrol and also send them to comfort the frontier commands in all directions. The officials in power in the Northern and Southern Bureaus feared this would harm their interests and submitted memorial after memorial in opposition. The emperor had no choice. In summer, the fourth month, he issued an edict abolishing the plan entirely.
21
朝廷以董昌有貢輸之勤，今日所為，類得心疾，詔釋其罪，縱歸田裡。
The court, considering that Dong Chang had long rendered tribute and that his present conduct resembled madness, issued an edict pardoning his crimes and allowing him to return to his fields.
22
戶部侍郎、同平章事陸希聲罷為太子少師。
Lu Xisheng, Vice Minister of Revenue and Director of the Chancellery, was dismissed and made Junior Tutor of the Heir Apparent.
23
楊行密圍壽州，不克，將還； 庚寅，其將朱延壽請試往更攻，一鼓撥之，執剌史江從勖。 行密以延壽權知壽州團練使。 未幾，汴兵數萬攻壽州，州中兵少，吏民忷懼。 延壽制，軍中每旗二十五騎。 命黑雲隊長李厚將十旗擊汴兵，不勝； 延壽將斬之，厚稱眾寡不敵，願益兵更往，不勝則死。 都押牙汝陽柴再用亦為之請，乃益以五旗。 厚殊死戰，再用助之，延壽悉眾乘之，汴兵敗走。 厚，蔡州人也。 行密又遣兵襲漣水，撥之。
Yang Xingmi besieged Shouzhou but could not take it and was about to withdraw; on gengyin his general Zhu Yanshou asked to try another assault, took the city at the first drum, and seized the prefect Jiang Congxu. Xingmi made Yanshou acting military training commissioner of Shouzhou. Before long tens of thousands of Bian troops attacked Shouzhou. The garrison was small and officials and people were alarmed. Yanshou decreed that each banner in the army would have twenty-five horsemen. He ordered Li Hou, captain of the Black Cloud unit, to lead ten banners against the Bian troops; they did not prevail; Yanshou was about to execute him. Hou pleaded that they were outnumbered, asked for more troops to try again, and said if he failed he would accept death. Chai Zaiyong of Ruyang, chief military adjutant, also pleaded for him, and five more banners were added. Hou fought to the death, Zaiyong aided him, and Yanshou led the whole force in pursuit; the Bian troops were defeated and fled. Hou was a native of Caizhou. Xingmi also sent troops to raid Lianshui and captured it.
24
錢鏐表董昌僭逆，不可赦，請以本道兵討之。
Qian Liu memorialized that Dong Chang's usurpation could not be pardoned and asked to campaign against him with his own circuit's troops.
25
太傅、門下侍郎、同平章事韋昭度以太保致仕。
Grand Tutor, Vice Director of the Chancellery and Director of the Chancellery Wei Zhaodu retired as Grand Preceptor.
26
戊戌，以劉建鋒為武安節度使。 建鋒以馬殷為內外馬步軍都指揮使。
On wuxu Liu Jianfeng was appointed military governor of Wu'an. Jianfeng appointed Ma Yin commander-in-chief of all internal and external horse and foot forces.
27
楊行密遣使詣錢鏐，言董昌已改過，宜釋之； 亦遣詣昌，使趣朝貢。
Yang Xingmi sent envoys to Qian Liu saying Dong Chang had reformed and should be pardoned; he also sent envoys to Chang urging him to hurry with court tribute.
28
河東遣其將史儼、李承嗣以萬騎馳入於鄆，朱友恭退歸於汴。 五月，詔削董昌官爵，委錢鏐討之。
Hedong sent its generals Shi Yan and Li Chengsi with ten thousand horsemen galloping into Yan; Zhu Yougong withdrew to Bian. In the fifth month an edict stripped Dong Chang of rank and title and entrusted Qian Liu with campaigning against him.
29
初，王行瑜求尚書令不獲，由是怨朝廷。 畿內有八鎮兵，隸左右軍。 郃陽鎮近華州，韓建求之； 良原鎮近邠州，王行瑜求之。 宦官曰：「此天子禁軍，何可得也！」 王珂、王珙爭河中，行瑜、建及李茂貞皆為珙請，不能得，恥之。 珙使人語三帥曰：「珂不受代而與河東昏姻，必為諸公不利，請討之。」 行瑜使其弟匡國節度使行約攻河中，珂求救於李克用。 行瑜乃與茂貞、建各將精兵數千入朝，甲子，至京師，坊市民皆竄匿。 上御安福門以待之，三帥盛陳甲兵，拜伏舞蹈於門下。 上臨軒，親詰之曰：「卿輩不奏請俟報，輒稱兵入京城，其志欲何為乎？ 若不能事朕，今日請避賢路！」 行瑜、茂貞流汗不能言，獨韓建粗述入朝之由。 上與三帥宴，三帥奏稱：「南、北司互有朋黨，墮紊朝政。 韋昭度討西川失策，李谿作相，不合眾心，請誅之。」 上未之許。 是日，行瑜等殺昭度、谿於都亭驛，又殺樞密使康尚弼及宦官數人。 又言：「王珂、王珙嫡庶不分，請除王珙河中，徙王行約於陝，王珂於同州。」 上皆許之。 始，三帥謀廢上，立吉王保； 至是，聞李克用已起兵於河東，行瑜、茂貞各留兵二千人宿衛京師，與建皆辭還鎮。 貶戶部尚書楊堪為雅州刺史。 堪，虞卿之子，昭度之舅也。
Earlier Wang Xingyu had sought the post of Director of the Department of State Affairs without success and therefore resented the court. Within the capital region there were eight garrison commands, subordinate to the Left and Right Armies. Heyang Garrison lay near Hua, and Han Jian requested it; Liangyuan Garrison lay near Bin, and Wang Xingyu requested it. The eunuchs said, "These are the Son of Heaven's imperial guards—how can they be given away!" Wang Ke and Wang Gong contended for Hezhong. Xingyu, Jian, and Li Maozhen all pleaded Gong's case but could not obtain it and felt humiliated. Gong sent someone to tell the three commanders, "Ke refuses to step down and has married into Hedong—he will surely harm you all. Please campaign against him." Xingyu sent his younger brother Xingyue, military governor of Kuangguo, to attack Hezhong, and Ke sought rescue from Li Keyong. Xingyu then joined Maozhen and Jian, each leading several thousand elite troops to the capital. On jiazi they reached the city; people in the wards and markets all fled and hid. The emperor waited at the Gate of Peace and Fortune to receive them. The three commanders paraded in full armor and prostrated themselves dancing below the gate. The emperor came to the pavilion and questioned them in person: "You did not memorialize and await reply, yet raised troops and entered the capital—what do you intend? If you cannot serve me, step aside today!" Xingyu and Maozhen sweated and could not speak; only Han Jian roughly explained why they had come to court. The emperor dined with the three commanders. They reported, "The Northern and Southern Bureaus form factions with one another and corrupt government affairs. Wei Zhaodu's western Sichuan campaign failed; Li Xi as chancellor does not suit popular sentiment—we ask that they be executed." The emperor did not agree. That same day Xingyu and the others killed Zhaodu and Xi at the metropolitan courier station, and also killed Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs Kang Shangbi and several eunuchs. They also said, "Wang Ke and Wang Gong do not distinguish legitimate from illegitimate succession—appoint Gong to Hezhong, move Wang Xingyue to Shaan, and Wang Ke to Tong." The emperor granted all. At first the three commanders had plotted to depose the emperor and install Prince Bao of Ji; by now they heard Li Keyong had raised troops in Hedong. Xingyu and Maozhen each left two thousand men to guard the capital, and all three took leave and returned to their commands. Vice Minister of Revenue Yang Kan was demoted to prefect of Ya. Kan was the son of Yuqing and Zhaodu's maternal nephew.
30
初，崔胤除河中節度使，河東進奏官薛志勤揚言曰：「崔公雖重德，以之代王珂，不若光德劉公於我公厚也。」 光德劉公者，太常卿劉崇望也。 及三帥入朝，聞志勤之言，貶崇望昭州司馬。 李克用聞三鎮兵犯闕，即日遣使十三輩發北部兵，期以來月渡河入關。
Earlier, when Cui Yin was appointed military governor of Hezhong, Hedong's memorial envoy Xue Zhiqin proclaimed, "Though Lord Cui is greatly virtuous, replacing Wang Ke with him is not as good as Grandee Liu of Guangde, who is closer to our lord." Grandee Liu of Guangde was Grand Master of Ceremonies Liu Chongwang. When the three commanders entered court they heard Zhiqin's words and demoted Chongwang to military adjutant of Zhaozhou. Li Keyong heard the three circuits' troops had violated the capital and the same day sent thirteen envoys to mobilize northern troops, planning to cross the river and enter the passes the following month.
31
六月，庚寅，以錢鏐為浙東招討使； 鏐復發兵擊董昌。
In the sixth month, on gengyin, Qian Liu was made southeastern campaign commissioner; Liu again sent troops to attack Dong Chang.
32
辛卯，以前均州刺史孔緯、繡州司戶張濬並為太子賓客。 壬辰，以緯為吏部尚書，復其階爵； 癸已，拜司空，兼門下侍郎、同平章事。 以張濬為兵部尚書、諸道租庸使。 時緯居華州，濬居長水，上以崔昭緯等外交籓鎮，朋黨相傾，思得骨鯁之士，故驟用緯、濬。 緯以有疾，扶輿至京師，見上，涕泣固辭； 上不許。
On xinmao the former prefect of Junzhou Kong Wei and the household registrar of Xiuzhou Zhang Jun were both made tutors of the heir apparent. On renchen Wei was made Director of the Department of State Affairs and his rank and titles were restored; on guisi he was made Minister of Works, also Vice Director of the Chancellery and Director of the Chancellery. Zhang Jun was made Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs and commissioner for all circuits' tax and corvée. At the time Wei lived at Hua and Zhang at Changshui. The emperor, seeing Cui Zhaowei and others dealing with frontier commands and factions overturning one another, wished for men of firm backbone and therefore suddenly elevated Wei and Zhang. Wei, being ill, was carried in a litter to the capital. Seeing the emperor he wept and firmly declined; the emperor would not allow it.
33
李克用大舉蕃、漢兵南下，上表稱王行瑜、李茂貞、韓建稱兵犯闕，賊害大臣，請討之，又移檄三鎮，行瑜等大懼。 克用軍至絳州，刺史王瑤閉城拒之； 克用進攻，旬日，拔之。 斬瑤於軍門，殺城中違拒者千餘人。 秋，七月，丙辰朔，克用至河中，王珂迎謁於路。
Li Keyong launched a great southern march of Tatar and Chinese troops. He memorialized that Wang Xingyu, Li Maozhen, and Han Jian had raised troops against the capital and murdered great ministers, requesting permission to campaign, and also sent proclamations to the three circuits. Xingyu and the others were greatly afraid. Keyong's army reached Jiang Prefecture; the prefect Wang Yao closed the gates and resisted; Keyong pressed the assault; in ten days he took it. He executed Yao at the army gate and killed more than a thousand in the city who had defied him. In autumn, the seventh month, on the first day bingchen of the month, Keyong reached Hezhong and Ke met and welcomed him on the road.
34
匡國節度使王行約敗於朝邑，戊午，行約棄同州走，己未，至京師。 行約弟行實時為左軍指揮使，帥眾與行約大掠西市。 行實奏稱同華已沒，沙陀將至，請車駕幸邠州。 庚申，樞密使駱全瓘奏請車駕幸鳳翔。 上曰：「朕得克用表，尚駐軍河中。 就使沙陀至此，朕自有以枝梧，卿等但各撫本軍，勿令搖動。」
Kuangguo military governor Wang Xingyue was defeated at Chaoyi. On wuwu he abandoned Tong and fled; on jiwei he reached the capital. Xingyue's younger brother Xingshi was then commander of the Left Army; he led troops with Xingyue to plunder the western market on a great scale. Xingshi memorialized that Tong and Hua had fallen and the Shatuo were coming, requesting that the imperial carriage proceed to Bin. On gengshen Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs Luo Quanjin memorialized requesting that the carriage proceed to Fengxiang. The emperor said, "I have received Keyong's memorial; he is still encamped at Hezhong. Even if the Shatuo arrive here, I have my own means to cope. Each of you only steady your own armies and do not let them stir."
35
右軍指揮使李繼鵬，茂貞假子也，本姓名閻珪，與駱全瓘謀劫上幸鳳翔。 中尉劉景宣與王行實知之，欲劫上幸邠州。 孔緯面折景宣，以為不可輕離宮闕。 向晚，繼鵬連奏請車駕出幸，於是王行約引左軍攻右軍，於樓前侍衛。 繼鵬復縱火焚宮門，煙炎蔽天。 時有鹽州六都兵屯京師，素為兩軍所憚，上急召令入衛； 既至，兩軍退走，各歸邠州及鳳翔。 城中大亂，互相剽掠，上與諸王及親近幸李筠營，護蹕都頭李居實帥眾繼至。
Right Army commander Li Jipeng was Maozhen's adopted son, originally surnamed Yan Gui. He and Luo Quanjin plotted to seize the emperor for Fengxiang. Captain Liu Jingxuan and Wang Xingshi learned of it and wished to seize the emperor for Bin. Kong Wei rebuked Jingxuan to his face, saying they must not lightly leave the palace. Toward evening Jipeng repeatedly memorialized asking the carriage to depart. Then Xingyue led the Left Army to attack the Right Army before the palace gate where guards stood. Jipeng again set fire to the palace gates; smoke and flames filled the sky. At the time Salt Prefecture Six-Capital troops were stationed in the capital and both armies had long feared them. The emperor urgently summoned them to enter and guard; when they arrived both armies withdrew, each returning to Bin and Fengxiang. Great chaos reigned in the city with mutual plunder. The emperor, princes, and intimates fled to Li Yun's camp; Protecting the Imperial Procession director Li Jushi led troops and followed.
36
或傳王行瑜、李茂貞欲自來迎車駕，上懼為所迫，辛酉，以筠、居實兩都兵自衛，出啟夏門，趣南山，宿莎城鎮。 士民追從車駕者數十萬人，比至谷口，暍死者三之一，夜，復為盜所掠，哭聲震山谷。 時百官多扈從不及，戶部尚書、判度支及鹽鐵轉運使薛王知柔獨先至，上命權知中書事及置頓使。
Some reported that Wang Xingyu and Li Maozhen wished to come themselves to welcome the carriage. The emperor feared being forced by them. On xinyou he took Yun's and Jushi's two-capital troops as escort, left through Qixia Gate toward the southern mountains, and lodged at Shacheng town. Tens of thousands of common people followed the carriage. By the time they reached the valley mouth one-third had died of heatstroke. At night bandits looted again and wailing shook the mountains. Many officials could not keep up with the escort. Minister of Revenue, acting head of the Ministry and salt and iron transport commissioner Prince of Xue Zhirou alone arrived first. The emperor ordered him to act as head of the Secretariat and provision supply commissioner.
37
壬戌，李克用入同州。 崔昭緯、徐彥若、王摶至莎城。 甲子，上徙幸石門鎮，命薛王知柔與知樞密院劉光裕還京城，制置守衛宮禁。 丙寅，李克用遣節度判官王瑰奉表問起居。 丁卯，上遣內侍郗廷昱繼詔詣李克用軍，令與王珂各發萬騎同赴新平。 又詔彰義節度使張鐇以涇原兵控扼鳳翔。
On renxu Li Keyong entered Tong Prefecture. Cui Zhaowei, Xu Yanruo, and Wang Tuan reached Shacheng. On jiazi the emperor moved to Shimen town and ordered Prince of Xue Zhirou and Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs Liu Guangyu to return to the capital and arrange guard of the palace. On bingyin Li Keyong sent his military adjutant Wang Gui with a memorial inquiring after the emperor's health. On dingmao the emperor sent palace attendant Xi Tingyu with further orders to Keyong's army, directing Keyong and Ke each to send ten thousand horsemen together to Xingping. He also ordered Zhang Yi, military governor of Zhangyi, to use Jingyuan troops to hold and block Fengxiang.
38
李克用遣兵攻華州； 韓建登城呼曰：「僕於李公未嘗失禮，何為見攻？」 克用使謂之曰：「公為人臣，逼逐天子，公為有禮，孰為無禮者乎！」 會郗廷昱至，言李茂貞將兵三萬至盩厔，王行瑜將兵至興平，皆欲迎車駕，克用乃釋華州之圍，移兵營渭橋。
Li Keyong sent troops to attack Hua Prefecture; Han Jian climbed the wall and shouted, "I have never been discourteous to Lord Li—why am I being attacked?" Keyong's messenger replied, "As a subject you drove out the Son of Heaven. If you have courtesy, who lacks it!" When Xi Tingyu arrived he reported that Li Maozhen was bringing thirty thousand troops to Zhouzhi and Wang Xingyu's troops had reached Xingping, both wishing to welcome the carriage. Keyong then lifted the siege of Hua and moved his camp to Wei Bridge.
39
以薛王知柔為清海節度使、同平章事，仍權知京兆尹、判度支，充鹽鐵轉運使，俟反正日赴鎮。
Prince of Xue Zhirou was made military governor of Qinghai and Director of the Chancellery, still acting mayor of Jingzhao and head of the Ministry, and salt and iron transport commissioner, to take up his post when order was restored.
40
上在南山旬餘，士民從車駕避亂者日相驚曰：「邠、岐兵至矣！」 上遣延王戒丕詣河中，趣李克用令進兵。 壬午，克用發河中。 八月，上遣供奉官張承業詣克用軍。 承業，同州人，屢奉使於克用，因留監其軍。 己丑，克用進軍渭橋，遣其將李存貞為前鋒； 辛卯，撥永壽，又遣史儼將三千騎詣石門侍衛。 癸已，遣李存信、李存審會保大節度使李思孝攻王行瑜黎園寨，擒其將王令陶等，獻於行在。 思孝本姓拓跋，思恭之弟也。 李茂貞懼，斬李繼鵬，傳首行在，上表請罪，且遣使求和於克用。 上復遣延王戒丕、丹王允諭克用，令且赦茂貞，並力討行瑜，俟其殄平，當更與卿議之。 且命二王拜克用為兄。
The emperor had been on the southern mountains more than ten days. Common people fleeing with the carriage daily panicked one another, crying, "Bin and Qi troops are coming!" The emperor sent Prince of Yan Jiepi to Hezhong to urge Li Keyong to advance. On renwu Keyong departed Hezhong. In the eighth month the emperor sent attendant official Zhang Chengye to Keyong's army. Chengye was a native of Tongzhou who had often been envoy to Keyong and therefore stayed to oversee his army. On jichou Keyong advanced to Wei Bridge and sent his general Li Cunzhen as vanguard; on xinmao he took Yongshou and also sent Shi Yan with three thousand horsemen to Shimen to guard the emperor. On guisi he sent Li Cunxin and Li Cunshen to join Baoda military governor Li Sixiao in attacking Wang Xingyu's Liyuan stockade, capturing his generals Wang Lingtao and others and presenting them at the travelling palace. Sixiao was originally surnamed Toba and was the younger brother of Sigong. Li Maozhen was afraid. He beheaded Li Jipeng and sent his head to the travelling palace, submitted a memorial begging pardon, and also sent envoys seeking peace with Keyong. The emperor again sent Prince of Yan Jiepi and Prince of Dan Yun to instruct Keyong to pardon Maozhen for now and join forces against Xingyu; when Xingyu was destroyed they would discuss further with him. He also ordered the two princes to address Keyong as elder brother.
41
以前河中節度使崔胤為中書侍郎、同平章事。
Former Hezhong military governor Cui Yin was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Director of the Chancellery.
42
戊戌，削奪王行瑜官爵。 癸卯，以李克用為邠寧四面行營都招討使，保大節度使李思孝為北面招討使，定難節度使李思諫為東面招討使，彰義節度使張鐇為西面招討使。 克用遣其子存勖詣行在，年十一，上奇其狀貌，撫之曰：「兒方為國之棟樑，它日宜盡忠於吾家。」 克用表請上還京； 上許之。 令克用遣騎三千駐三橋為備御。 辛亥，車駕還京師。 壬子，司空兼門下侍郎、同平章事崔昭緯罷為右僕射。
On wuxu Wang Xingyu's rank and titles were stripped. On guimao Li Keyong was made commander-in-chief of all four sides' campaign against Binning; Baoda military governor Li Sixiao was northern campaign commander; Dingnan military governor Li Sijian was eastern campaign commander; Zhangyi military governor Zhang Yi was western campaign commander. Keyong sent his son Cunxu to the travelling palace. He was eleven years old. The emperor marvelled at his appearance and stroked him, saying, "Child, you will be the nation's pillar; one day you should be loyal to our house." Keyong memorialized asking the emperor to return to the capital; the emperor agreed. He ordered Keyong to post three thousand horsemen at Sanqiao as guard. On xinhai the imperial carriage returned to the capital. On renzi Minister of Works, Vice Director of the Chancellery and Director of the Chancellery Cui Zhaowei was dismissed and made Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs.
43
以護國留後王珂、盧龍留後劉仁恭各為本鎮節度使。
Wang Ke, acting governor of Huguo, and Liu Rengong, acting governor of Lulong, were each confirmed as military governors of their respective circuits.
44
時宮室焚毀，未暇完葺，上寓居尚書省，百官往往無袍笏僕馬。 以李克用為行營都統。
The palace had been burned in the fighting, and there was no time yet to rebuild it. The emperor took up residence in the Department of State Affairs, and many officials lacked even court robes, official tablets, servants, and mounts. Li Keyong was appointed supreme commander of the field headquarters.
45
九月，癸亥，司空兼門下侍郎、同平章事孔緯薨。
In the ninth month, on guihai, Kong Wei—Minister of Works, Vice Director of the Chancellery, and Director of the Chancellery—passed away.
46
辛未，朱全忠自將擊朱瑄，戰於梁山； 瑄敗走還鄆。
On xinwei Zhu Quanzhong personally took the field against Zhu Xuan, and the two armies clashed at Liangshan; Xuan was routed and fled back to Yan.
47
李克用急攻梨園，王行瑜求救於李茂貞，茂貞遣兵萬人屯龍泉鎮，自將兵三萬屯咸陽之旁。 克用請詔茂貞歸鎮，仍削奪其官爵，欲分兵討之。 上以茂貞自誅繼鵬，前已赦宥，不可復削奪誅討，但詔歸鎮，仍令克用與之和解。 以昭義節度使李罕之檢校侍中，充邠寧四面行營副都統。 史儼敗邠寧兵於雲陽，擒雲陽鎮使王令誨等，獻之。
Li Keyong pressed his assault on Liyuan. Wang Xingyu appealed to Li Maozhen for help. Maozhen dispatched ten thousand men to hold Longquan garrison and personally led thirty thousand to encamp near Xianyang. Keyong asked the throne to order Maozhen back to his own territory, strip him of rank and titles, and let Keyong detach forces to punish him. The emperor replied that Maozhen had already executed Li Jipeng with his own hand and had been pardoned once; he could not be stripped and attacked again. Maozhen was merely ordered home, and Keyong was told to reconcile with him. Li Hanzhi, military governor of Zhaoyi, was made honorary palace attendant and deputy supreme commander of the four-sided campaign against Binning. Shi Yan routed Binning forces at Yunyang, captured the Yunyang garrison commissioner Wang Linghui and others, and sent them up as prisoners.
48
王建遣簡州刺史王宗瑤等將兵赴難； 甲戌，軍於綿州。
Wang Jian sent Jianzhou prefect Wang Zongyao and others with an army to march to the emperor's relief; On jiaxu the force halted at Mianzhou.
49
董昌求救於楊行密，行密遣泗州防禦使台濛攻蘇州以救之，且表昌引咎，願修職貢，請復官爵。 又遺錢鏐書，稱：「昌狂疾自立，已畏兵諫，執送同惡。 不當復伐之。」
Dong Chang begged Yang Xingmi for help. Xingmi sent Sizhou defense commissioner Tai Meng to strike Suzhou and lift the pressure on him, while also memorializing that Chang accepted blame, wished to resume tribute, and asked that his rank and titles be restored. He also wrote to Qian Liu, saying: "Chang's delusion in proclaiming himself emperor has already been checked by force; I have seized his fellow conspirators and handed them over. There is no cause to attack him again."
50
冬，十月，丙戌，河東將李存貞敗邠寧軍於梨園北，殺千餘人。 自是梨園閉壁不敢出。
In winter, the tenth month, on bingxu, Hedong general Li Cunzhen routed Binning forces north of Liyuan and killed more than a thousand men. After that the garrison at Liyuan closed its gates and dared not venture out.
51
貶右僕射崔昭緯為梧州司馬。
Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs Cui Zhaowei was demoted to administrator of Wuzhou.
52
魏國夫人陳氏，才色冠後宮； 戊子，上以賜李克用。 克用令李罕之、李存信等急攻梨園； 城中食盡，棄城走。 罕之等邀擊之，所殺萬餘人，克梨園等三寨，獲王行瑜子知進及大將李元福等； 克用進屯梨園。 庚寅，王行約、王行實燒寧州遁去。 克用奏請以匡國節度使蘇文建為靜難節度使，趣令赴鎮，且理寧州，招撫降人。
Lady Chen, the Lady of Wei State, was the most gifted and beautiful woman in the inner palace; On wuzi the emperor gave her to Li Keyong as a gift. Keyong ordered Li Hanzhi, Li Cunxin, and others to storm Liyuan without delay; When provisions inside the city ran out, the defenders abandoned the place and fled. Hanzhi and the others cut them off in pursuit, killing more than ten thousand men. They took three camps, including Liyuan, and captured Wang Xingyu's son Zhijin, the great general Li Yuanfu, and others; Keyong moved forward and made camp at Liyuan. On gengyin Wang Xingyue and Wang Xingshi torched Ningzhou and slipped away. Keyong memorialized asking that Su Wenjian, military governor of Kuangguo, be appointed military governor of Jingnan, sent at once to take up his post, put Ningzhou in order, and receive and pacify the surrendered population.
53
上遷居大內。
The emperor moved back into the inner palace.
54
朱全忠遣都將葛從周擊兗州，自以大軍繼之。 癸卯，圍兗州。
Zhu Quanzhong sent his commander Ge Congzhou against Yanzhou and followed with the main army himself. On guimao they laid siege to Yanzhou.
55
楊行密遣寧國節度使田頵、潤州團練使安仁義攻杭州鎮戍以救董昌，昌使湖州將徐淑會淮南將魏約共圍嘉興。 錢鏐遣武勇都指揮使顧全武救嘉興，破烏墩、光福二寨。 淮南將柯厚破蘇州水柵。 全武，餘姚人也。
Yang Xingmi sent Ningguo military governor Tian Yun and Runzhou training commissioner An Renyi to strike Hangzhou's outlying garrisons and relieve Dong Chang. Chang, for his part, sent the Huzhou general Xu Shu to join Huainan general Wei Yue in a joint siege of Jiaxing. Qian Liu sent his martial commander Gu Quanwu to relieve Jiaxing and overran the camps at Wudun and Guangfu. Huainan general Ke Hou smashed Suzhou's river palisades. Quanwu was a man of Yuyao.
56
義武節度使王處存薨，軍中推其子節度副使郜為留後。
Wang Chucun, military governor of Yiwu, died, and the army chose his son Gao, the deputy military governor, as acting governor.
57
以京兆尹武邑孫偓為兵部侍郎、同平章事。 王行瑜以精甲五千守龍泉寨，李克用攻之。 李茂貞以兵五千救之，營於鎮西。 李罕之擊鳳翔兵，走之，十一月，丁巳，撥龍泉寨。 行瑜走入邠州，遣使請降於克用。
Sun Wo of Wuyi, metropolitan prefect of Jingzhao, was appointed Vice Minister of War and Director of the Chancellery. Wang Xingyu held Longquan camp with five thousand elite troops while Li Keyong assaulted it. Li Maozhen brought five thousand men to his relief and encamped west of the garrison town. Li Hanzhi attacked the Fengxiang force and drove it off. In the eleventh month, on dingsi, Longquan camp fell. Xingyu fled into Bin Prefecture and sent envoys offering to surrender to Keyong.
58
齊州刺史朱瓊舉州降於朱全忠。 瓊，瑾之從父兄也。
Zhu Qiong, prefect of Qizhou, surrendered the entire prefecture to Zhu Quanzhong. Qiong was Zhu Jin's elder cousin on his father's side.
59
衢州刺史陳儒卒，弟岌代之。
Chen Ru, prefect of Quzhou, died, and his younger brother Ji succeeded him.
60
李克用引兵逼邠州，王行瑜登城，號哭謂克用曰：「行瑜無罪，迫脅乘輿，皆李茂貞及李繼鵬所為。 請移兵問鳳翔，行瑜願束身歸朝。」 克用曰：「王尚父何恭之甚！ 僕受詔討三賊臣，公預其一，束身歸朝，非僕所得專也。」 丁卯，行瑜挈族棄城走。 克用入邠州，封府庫，撫居人，命指揮使高爽權巡撫軍城，奏趣蘇文建赴鎮。 行瑜走至慶州境，部下斬行瑜，傳首。
Li Keyong marched his army up to Bin Prefecture. Wang Xingyu climbed the wall, weeping, and cried out to Keyong: "I am innocent! The coercion of the emperor's carriage was the work of Li Maozhen and Li Jipeng alone. Turn your army against Fengxiang, and I will submit myself and return to court. Keyong replied: "Wang Shangfu, you grovel too much! I was ordered to punish three rebel ministers, and you are one of them. Whether you may submit yourself to the throne is not for me alone to decide. On dingmao Xingyu fled the city with his entire clan. Keyong entered Bin Prefecture, sealed the treasury, reassured the populace, and put commander Gao Shuang in charge of the garrison city on a provisional basis. He also memorialized urging Su Wenjian to take up his post at once. As Xingyu fled into Qing Prefecture, his own followers cut off his head and sent it in."
61
朱瑄遣其將賀瑰、柳存及河東將何懷寶將兵萬餘人襲曹州，以解兗州之圍。 瑰，濮陽人也。 丁卯，全忠自中都引兵夜追之，比明，至巨野南，及之，屠殺殆盡，生擒瑰存、懷寶，俘士卒三千餘人，是日晡後，大風沙塵晦冥，全忠曰：「此殺人未足耳！」 下令所得之俘盡殺之。 庚午，縛瑰等徇於兗州城下，謂朱瑾曰：「卿兄已敗，何不早降！」
Zhu Xuan sent his generals He Gui and Liu Cun, together with Hedong general He Huaibao and more than ten thousand men, to strike Caozhou and break the siege of Yanzhou. He Gui was a man of Puyang. On dingmao Quanzhong marched out of Zhongdu by night in pursuit. At daybreak he reached the south of Juye, overtook the enemy, and butchered nearly the entire force. He took He Gui, Liu Cun, and He Huaibao alive and captured more than three thousand soldiers. That afternoon a gale blew dust until the sky turned black. Quanzhong said, "This is still not enough blood! He then ordered every captive put to the sword. On gengwu he had Gui and the others bound and displayed beneath the walls of Yanzhou, shouting up to Zhu Jin: "Your brother is already beaten—why not surrender while you still can!"
62
丁丑，雅州刺史王宗侃攻撥利州，執刺史李繼顒，斬之。
On dingchou Wang Zongkan, prefect of Yazhou, stormed Lizhou, seized its prefect Li Jiyong, and executed him.
63
朱瑾偽遣使請降於朱全忠，全忠自就延壽門下與瑾語。 瑾曰：「欲送符印，願使兄瓊來領之。」 辛巳，全忠使瓊往，瑾立馬橋上，伏驍果董懷進於橋下，瓊至，懷進突出，擒之以入，須臾，擲首城外。 全忠乃引兵還，以瓊弟玭為齊州防禦使，殺柳存、何懷寶； 聞賀瑰名，釋而用之。
Zhu Jin sent envoys under false pretenses offering to surrender to Zhu Quanzhong. Quanzhong went in person to the Yanshou Gate to speak with him. Jin said, "I am ready to hand over the seal and tally, but I ask that my elder brother Qiong be sent to receive them. On xinsi Quanzhong sent Qiong forward. Jin waited on Horse Bridge while his crack trooper Dong Huaijin lay hidden beneath it. When Qiong arrived, Huaijin sprang out, seized him, and dragged him inside; a moment later Qiong's head was thrown over the wall. Quanzhong then withdrew his army, appointed Qiong's younger brother Min defense commissioner of Qizhou, and executed Liu Cun and He Huaibao; When he heard He Gui's reputation, he spared him and put him in service.
64
李克用旋軍渭北。
Li Keyong withdrew his army to the north bank of the Wei River.
65
加靜難節度使蘇文建同平章事。
Su Wenjian, military governor of Jingnan, was additionally appointed Director of the Chancellery.
66
蔣勳求為邵州刺史，劉建鋒不許，勳乃與鄧繼崇起兵，連飛山、梅山蠻寇湘潭，據邵州，使其將申德昌屯定勝鎮以扼潭人。
Jiang Xun sought appointment as prefect of Shaozhou, but Liu Jianfeng refused him. Xun then rose in arms with Deng Jichong, rallied the Feishan and Meishan tribes to raid Xiangtan, seized Shaozhou, and posted his general Shen Dechang at Dingsheng garrison to choke off access from Tan Prefecture.
67
十二月，甲申，閬州防禦使李繼雍、蓬州刺史費存、渠州刺史陳璠各帥所部兵奔王建。
In the twelfth month, on jiashen, Li Jiyong, defense commissioner of Langzhou; Fei Cun, prefect of Pengzhou; and Chen Fan, prefect of Qu Prefecture, each led their forces in flight to Wang Jian.
68
乙酉，李克用軍於雲陽。
On yiyou Li Keyong encamped at Yunyang.
69
王建奏：「東川節度使顧彥暉不發兵赴難，而掠奪輜重，遣瀘州刺史馬敬儒斷峽路，請興兵討之。」 戊子，華洪大破東川兵於楸林，俘斬數萬，拔揪林寒。
Wang Jian memorialized: "Gu Yanhui, military governor of Dongchuan, failed to march to the emperor's relief and instead looted the baggage train. He sent Luzhou prefect Ma Jingru to block the gorge routes. I ask permission to raise troops and punish him. On wuzi Hua Hong routed the Dongchuan army at Qiulin, capturing and killing tens of thousands of men and seizing Qiulin and Hangu.
70
乙未，進李克用爵晉王，加李罕之兼侍中，以河東大將蓋寓領容管觀察使； 自餘克用將佐、子孫並進官爵。 克用性嚴急，左右小有過輒死，無敢違忤； 惟蓋寓敏慧，能揣其意，婉辭裨益，無不從者。 克用或以非罪怒將吏，寓必陽助之怒，克用常釋之； 有所諫諍，必征近事為喻； 由是克用愛信之，境內無不依附，權與克用侔。 朝廷及鄰道遣使至河東，其賞賜賂遺，先入克用，次及寓家。 朱全忠數遣數人間之，及揚言雲蓋寓已代克用，而克用待之益厚。
On yiwei Li Keyong was elevated to Prince of Jin; Li Hanzhi was additionally made Palace Attendant; and the great Hedong general Gai Yu was made observation commissioner of Rongguan; All of Keyong's other commanders, aides, and descendants were likewise promoted in rank and title. Keyong was severe and quick-tempered; attendants who erred even slightly were put to death, and no one dared defy him; Only Gai Yu was clever enough to read his mind. With tactful counsel he could steer Keyong, and Keyong never refused him. Whenever Keyong flew into unjust rage at a commander or official, Yu would pretend to share his fury—and Keyong would usually let the man go; when he remonstrated, he always illustrated his point with recent events; Keyong therefore loved and trusted him. Everyone in the territory looked to him, and his authority rivaled Keyong's own. When the court or neighboring circuits sent envoys to Hedong, rewards and gifts went first to Keyong and next to Gai Yu's household. Zhu Quanzhong repeatedly sent agents to drive a wedge between them and spread rumors that Gai Yu had already supplanted Keyong—but Keyong treated Yu only more generously.
71
丙申，王建攻東川，別將王宗弼為東川兵所擒，顧彥暉畜以為子，戊戌，通州刺史李彥昭將所部兵二千降於建。
On bingshen Wang Jian attacked Dongchuan. His detached commander Wang Zongbi was captured by Dongchuan forces, and Gu Yanhui adopted him as a son. On wuxu Li Yanzhao, prefect of Tongzhou, surrendered to Wang Jian with two thousand men.
72
李克用遣掌書記李襲吉入謝恩，密言於上曰：「比年以來，關輔不寧，乘此勝勢，遂取鳳翔，一勞永逸，時不可失。 臣屯軍渭北，專俟進止。」 上謀於貴近，或曰：「茂貞覆滅，則沙陀大盛，朝廷危矣！」 上乃賜克用詔，褒其忠款，而言：「不臣之狀，行瑜為甚。 自朕出幸以來，茂貞、韓建自知其罪，不忘國恩，職貢相繼，且當休兵息民。」 克用奉詔而止。 既而私於詔使曰：「觀朝廷之意，似疑克用有異心也。 然不去茂貞，關中無安寧之日。」 又詔免克用入朝，將佐或言：「今密邇闕庭，豈可不入見天子，！」 克用猶豫未決，蓋寓言於克用曰：「向者王行瑜輩縱兵狂悖，致鑾輿播越，百姓奔散。 今天子還未安席，人心尚危，大王若引兵渡渭，竊恐復驚駭都邑。 人臣盡忠，在於勤王，不在入覲，願熟圖之！」 克用笑曰：「蓋寓尚不欲吾入朝，況天下之人乎！」 乃表稱：「臣總帥大軍，不敢徑入朝覲，且懼部落士卒侵擾渭北居人。」 辛亥，引兵東歸。 表至京師，上下始安。 詔賜河東士卒錢三十萬緡。 克用既去，李茂貞驕橫如故，河西州縣多為茂貞所據，以其將胡敬璋為河西節度使。
Li Keyong sent his chief secretary Li Xiji to court to offer thanks, and privately told the emperor: "These past years the capital region has known no peace. Seize this victory and take Fengxiang in one stroke—the trouble will be settled for good. The moment will not come again. My army is camped north of the Wei, awaiting your orders alone. The emperor consulted his inner circle. Some said, "If Maozhen is destroyed, the Shatuo will grow too strong and the throne itself will be imperiled! The emperor therefore sent Keyong an edict praising his loyalty, but adding: "Of all the rebels, Xingyu was the worst. Since my exile Maozhen and Han Jian have acknowledged their guilt and not forgotten the throne's grace. Their tribute has continued without break. It is time to halt the armies and let the people breathe. Keyong obeyed the edict and halted. Later he told the edict envoy in private, "From the court's tone, it seems the throne suspects me of disloyalty. But so long as Maozhen remains, Guanzhong will never know peace. Another edict excused Keyong from coming to court. Some of his commanders urged him: "We are right beside the capital—how can you fail to appear before the Son of Heaven! Keyong wavered. Gai Yu said to him carefully: "When Wang Xingyu and his ilk ran riot, they drove the emperor from the capital and sent the people fleeing in every direction. The Son of Heaven has only just returned and is not yet secure; the people's hearts are still uneasy. If you cross the Wei with your army, I fear the capital will be thrown into panic again. A loyal subject proves himself by saving the throne, not by presenting himself at court. Think this through carefully! Keyong laughed and said, "If even Gai Yu does not want me at court, what hope is there with the rest of the empire! He then memorialized: "I command a large army and dare not enter the capital for audience. I also fear my tribal troops may harass the people north of the Wei. On xinhai he marched east and withdrew. When the memorial reached the capital, court and city alike breathed easier. An edict awarded three hundred thousand strings of cash to the Hedong troops. Once Keyong had departed, Li Maozhen was as arrogant as ever. Most of the prefectures and counties west of the river fell under his control, and he appointed his general Hu Jingzhang military governor of Hexi."
73
朱全忠之去兗州也，留葛從周將兵守之，朱瑾閉城不復出，從周將還，乃揚言「天平、河東救兵至，引兵西北邀之，」夜半，潛歸故寨。 瑾以從周精兵悉出，果出兵攻寨。 從周突出奮擊，殺千餘人，擒其都將孫漢筠而還。
When Zhu Quanzhong withdrew from Yanzhou he left Ge Congzhou to hold the city. Zhu Jin shut the gates and refused to come out again. As Congzhou prepared to withdraw, he spread word that Tianping and Hedong relief forces were approaching, marched northwest as if to intercept them—and at midnight slipped back to his original camp. Believing Congzhou had committed his best troops, Jin duly sallied forth and attacked the camp. "Congzhou burst out in a fierce assault, killed more than a thousand men, captured chief officer Sun Hanjun, and withdrew."
74
加鎮海節度使錢鏐兼侍中。
Qian Liu, military governor of Zhenhai, was also made Censor-in-Chief.
75
彰義節度使張鐇薨，以其子璉權知留後。
Zhang Ge, military governor of Zhangyi, died, and his son Lian was appointed acting military governor.
76
朱瑄、朱瑾屢為朱全忠所攻，民失耕稼，財力俱弊。 告急於河東，李克用遣大將史儼、李承嗣將數千騎假道於魏以救之。
Zhu Xuan and Zhu Jin suffered repeated attacks from Zhu Quanzhong; the people could no longer farm, and both their wealth and fighting strength were spent. They sent urgent appeals to Hedong, and Li Keyong dispatched his great generals Shi Yan and Li Chengsi with several thousand horsemen by way of Wei to relieve them.
77
安州防禦使家晟與朱全忠親吏蔣玄暉有隙，恐及禍，與指揮使劉士政、兵馬監押陳可璠將兵三千襲桂州，殺經略使周元靜而代之。 晟醉侮可璠，可璠手刃之，推士政知軍府事，可璠自為副使。 詔即以士政為桂管經略使。 玄暉，吳人也。
Jia Sheng, defense commissioner of Anzhou, was at odds with Jiang Xuanhui, a personal clerk of Zhu Quanzhong. Fearing retribution, he joined commander Liu Shizheng and military supervisor Chen Kefan in leading three thousand troops against Guizhou, killed the military commissioner Zhou Yuanjing, and took his place. Sheng, drunk, humiliated Kefan, who killed him on the spot. Kefan then installed Shizheng to run the headquarters and appointed himself deputy commissioner. An imperial edict promptly made Shizheng military commissioner of Guiguan. Xuanhui was a native of Wu.
78
昭宗聖穆景文孝皇帝上之下乾寧三年（ 丙辰，公元八九六年）
The latter portion of the reign of Emperor Zhaozong, the Sagely, Solemn, Illustrious, Cultured, and Filial — Qianning, year 3 ( bingchen, corresponding to 896 CE).
79
春，正月，西川將王宗夔攻拔龍州，殺刺史田昉。 丁已，劉建鋒遣都指揮使馬殷將兵討蔣勳，攻定勝寨，破之。
In spring, the first month, the Xichuan general Wang Zongkui took Longzhou and killed its prefect, Tian Fang. On disi, Liu Jianfeng sent his chief commander Ma Yin against Jiang Xun, stormed Dingsheng Fort, and carried it.
80
辛未，安仁義以舟師至湖州，欲渡江應董昌，錢鏐遣武勇都指揮使顧全武、都知兵馬使許再思守西陵，仁義不能度。 昌遣其將湯臼守石城，袁邠守餘姚。
On xinwei, An Renyi arrived at Huzhou with a fleet, planning to cross the river to aid Dong Chang. Qian Liu sent Gu Quanwu, chief commander of the Wu Yong corps, and Xu Zaisi, director of military affairs, to defend Xiling, and Renyi was unable to get across. Chang posted his generals Tang Jiu at Shicheng and Yuan Bin at Yuyao.
81
閏月，克用遣蕃、漢都指揮使李存信將萬騎假道於魏以救兗、鄆，軍於莘縣。 朱全忠使人謂羅弘信曰：「克用志吞河朔，師還之日，貴道可憂。」 存信戢眾不嚴，侵暴魏人。 弘信怒，發兵三萬夜襲之。 存信軍潰退。 保洺州，喪士卒什二三，委棄資糧兵械萬樓； 史儼、李承嗣之軍隔絕不得還。 弘信自是與河東絕，專志於汴。 金忠方圖兗、鄆，畏弘信議其後，弘信每有贈遺，全忠必對使者北向拜授之，曰：「六兄於予，倍年以長，固非諸鄰之比。」 弘信信之，全忠以是得專意東方。
In the intercalary month, Li Keyong sent Li Cunxin, chief commander of the Tangut and Han forces, with ten thousand horsemen through Wei to relieve Yan and Yun, and camped at Shen County. Zhu Quanzhong sent a messenger to Luo Hongxin, saying, "Li Keyong aims to swallow the whole region north of the Yellow River. When his troops march home, your circuit will be in danger. Li Cunxin failed to keep his men in order, and they ravaged the people of Wei. Enraged, Hongxin sent thirty thousand men to strike them in a night attack. Li Cunxin's army collapsed and retreated. He fell back to Mingzhou, losing two or three soldiers in ten, and left behind mountains of provisions and arms; the forces of Shi Yan and Li Chengsi were isolated and unable to get back. After this Hongxin severed ties with Hedong and threw in his lot entirely with Bian. Quanzhong was then pressing Yan and Yun and feared Hongxin might move against his rear. Whenever Hongxin sent presents, Quanzhong would turn north, bow to the messenger, and accept them, saying, "Sixth Elder Brother is more than twice my senior in years—he is no ordinary neighbor. Hongxin took him at his word, and Quanzhong was thus free to concentrate wholly on the east.
82
丁亥，果州刺史張雄降於王建。
On dinghai, Zhang Xiong, prefect of Guozhou, submitted to Wang Jian.
83
二月，戊辰，顧全武、許再思敗湯臼於石城。 上用楊行密之請，赦董昌，復其官爵； 錢鏐不從。 以通王滋判侍衛諸將事。
In the second month, on wuchen, Gu Quanwu and Xu Zaisi routed Tang Jiu at Shicheng. At Yang Xingmi's request, the emperor pardoned Dong Chang and restored his rank and titles; Qian Liu would not go along. Tong Wangzi was put in charge of the palace guard generals.
84
朱全忠薦兵部尚書張濬，上欲復相之； 李克用表請發兵擊全忠，且言「濬朝為相，臣則夕至闕庭！」 京師震懼，上下詔和解之。
Zhu Quanzhong recommended Zhang Jun, Minister of War, and the emperor wanted to bring him back as chief minister; Li Keyong submitted a memorial asking to march against Quanzhong and declared, "If Zhang Jun becomes chief minister in the morning, I shall be at the palace gates by evening! The capital was terrified, and edicts from court and throne alike were issued to patch up the quarrel.
85
三月，以天雄留後李繼徽為節度使。
In the third month, Li Jihui, acting governor of Tianxiong, was confirmed as military governor.
86
保大節度使李思孝表請致仁，薦弟思敬自代，詔以思孝為太師，致仕，思敬為保大留後。
Li Sixiao, military governor of Baoda, asked to retire and recommended his younger brother Sijing as his successor. An edict made Sixiao Grand Preceptor and released him from office, and Sijing became acting governor of Baoda.
87
朱全忠遣龐師古將兵伐鄆州，敗鄆兵於馬頰，遂抵其城下。
Zhu Quanzhong sent Pang Shigu against Yun Prefecture, defeated its army at Maying, and pushed on to the city walls.
88
己酉，顧全武等攻餘姚，明州刺史黃晟遣兵助之； 董昌遣其將徐章救餘姚，全武擊擒之。
On jiyou, Gu Quanwu and his colleagues assaulted Yuyao, and Huang Sheng, prefect of Mingzhou, sent troops to help; Dong Chang dispatched Xu Zhang to rescue Yuyao, but Quanwu struck and took him prisoner.
89
夏，四月，辛酉，河漲，將毀滑州城，朱全忠命決為二河，夾滑城而東，為害滋甚。
In summer, the fourth month, on xinyou, the Yellow River swelled and threatened to wash away the walls of Hua Prefecture. Zhu Quanzhong had it split into two channels running east on either side of the city, and the damage only grew worse.
90
李克用擊羅弘信，攻洹水，殺魏兵萬餘，進攻魏州。
Li Keyong struck Luo Hongxin, stormed Huanshui, killed more than ten thousand Wei soldiers, and pressed on against Weizhou.
91
武安節度使劉建鋒既得志，嗜酒，不親政事。 長直兵陳贍妻美，建鋒私之。 贍袖鐵撾擊殺建鋒； 諸將殺贍，迎行軍司馬張佶為留後。 佶將入府，馬忽踶嚙，傷左髀。 時馬殷攻邵州未下，佶謝諸將曰：「馬公勇而有謀，寬厚樂善，吾所不及，真乃主也。」 乃以牒召之。 殷猶豫未行，聽直軍將汝南姚彥章說殷曰：「公與劉龍驤、張司馬，一體人也，今龍驤遇禍，司馬傷髀，天命人望，捨公尚誰屬哉！」 殷乃使親從都指揮使李瓊留攻邵州，逕詣長沙。
Once Liu Jianfeng, military governor of Wu'an, had got what he wanted, he took to drink and stopped tending to affairs of state. Chen Shan of the long-duty guard had a beautiful wife, and Jianfeng seduced her. Shan hid an iron mace in his sleeve and beat Jianfeng to death; the other generals killed Shan and installed marching secretary Zhang Ji as acting governor. Just as Ji was entering the headquarters, a horse suddenly kicked and bit him, wounding his left thigh. Ma Yin was then besieging Shaozhou without success. Ji told the generals, "Lord Ma is brave and shrewd, generous and humane—qualities I lack. He is the true leader. He then summoned Yin by official dispatch. Yin hesitated to go. Yao Yanzhang of Runan, an officer of the direct guard, urged him, "You, General Liu the Dragon Chariot, and Secretary Zhang are one and the same. Now the general is dead and the secretary crippled—by Heaven's mandate and the army's wish, who else should take command! Yin then left Li Qiong, chief attendant commander, to keep pressing Shaozhou and went straight to Changsha.
92
淮南兵與鎮海兵戰於皇天蕩，鎮海兵不利，楊行密遂圍蘇州。 錢鏐、鍾傳、杜洪畏楊行密之強，皆求援於朱全忠； 全忠遣許州刺史朱友恭將兵萬人渡淮，聽以便宜從事。
Huainan and Zhenhai forces clashed at Huangtian Dang. The Zhenhai army got the worse of it, and Yang Xingmi went on to besiege Suzhou. Qian Liu, Zhong Chuan, and Du Hong, alarmed by Yang Xingmi's power, all appealed to Zhu Quanzhong for help; Quanzhong sent Zhu Yougong, prefect of Xuzhou, with ten thousand men across the Huai, with full discretion to act as circumstances required.
93
董昌使人覘錢鏐兵，有言其強盛者輒怒，斬之； 言兵疲食盡，則賞之。 戊寅，袁邠以餘姚降於鏐； 顧全武、許再思進兵至越州城下。 五月，昌出戰而敗，嬰城自守，全武等圍之。 昌始懼，去帝號，復稱節度使。
Dong Chang sent scouts to watch Qian Liu's army. Anyone who reported that it was strong and well supplied he flew into a rage and killed; anyone who said the troops were weary and food was running out he rewarded. On wuyin, Yuan Bin surrendered Yuyao to Qian Liu; Gu Quanwu and Xu Zaisi pushed their army to the walls of Yue Prefecture. In the fifth month, Chang sallied out, was beaten, shut himself inside the city, and Quanwu and the others laid siege. Chang finally lost nerve, dropped his imperial title, and styled himself military governor once more.
94
馬殷至長沙，張佶肩輿入府，坐受殷拜謁，已，乃命殷升聽事，以留後讓之，即趨下，帥將吏拜賀，復為行軍司馬，代殷將兵攻邵州。
When Ma Yin arrived at Changsha, Zhang Ji was carried into headquarters in a sedan chair, sat in place, and received Yin's bow. Then he had Yin ascend the audience hall, surrendered the acting governorship to him, stepped down at once, and with the officers bowed in congratulation before resuming his old post as marching secretary and taking over Yin's troops to continue the attack on Shaozhou.
95
癸未，蘇州常熟鎮使陸郢以州城應楊行密，虜刺史成及。 行密閱及家所蓄，惟圖書、藥物，賢之，歸，署行軍司馬。 及拜且泣曰：「及百口在錢公所。 失蘇州不能死，敢求富貴！ 願以一身易百口之死！」 引佩刀欲自刺。 行密遽執其手，止之，館於府捨。 其室中亦有兵仗，行密每單衣詣之，與之共飲膳，無所疑。 錢鏐聞蘇州陷，急召顧全武，使趨西陵備行密，全武曰：「越州賊之根本，奈何垂克而棄之！ 請先取越州，後復甦州。」 鏐從之。
On guiwei, Lu Ying, garrison commander of Changshu in Suzhou, turned the prefectural city over to Yang Xingmi and seized the prefect Cheng Ji. Xingmi examined Ji's household stores and found nothing but books and medicines. Impressed, he released him and appointed him marching secretary. Ji bowed and wept, saying, "My household of a hundred souls is in Lord Qian's hands. I failed to die when Suzhou was lost—how dare I now seek rank and reward! Let my one life pay for the lives of my hundred kin! He drew the dagger at his belt and tried to stab himself. Xingmi caught his hand at once and held him back, then housed him in a guest wing of headquarters. Though weapons were kept in his quarters, Xingmi visited him each time in plain clothes, ate and drank with him, and never showed mistrust. When Qian Liu learned Suzhou had fallen, he urgently recalled Gu Quanwu and ordered him to rush to Xiling to block Yang Xingmi. Quanwu replied, "Yue Prefecture is the heart of the rebellion—how can we walk away when we are about to take it! Let me seize Yue Prefecture first, then win back Suzhou. Qian Liu agreed."
96
淮南將朱延壽奄至蘄州，圍其城。 大將賈公鐸方獵，不得還，伏兵林中，命勇士二人衣羊皮夜入延壽所掠羊群，潛入城，約夜半開門舉火為應，復衣皮返命。 公鐸如期引兵至城南，門中火舉，力戰，突圍而入。 延壽驚曰：「吾常恐其潰圍而出，反潰圍而入，如此，城安可猝拔！」 乃白行密，求軍中與公鐸有舊者持誓書金帛往說之，許以婚。 壽州團練副使柴再用請行，臨城與語，為陳利害。 數日，公鐸及刺史馮敬章請降。 以敬章為左都押牙，公鐸為右監門衛將軍。 延壽進拔光州，殺刺吏劉存。
The Huainan general Zhu Yanshou suddenly appeared at Qizhou and surrounded the city. The great general Jia Gongduo was out hunting and could not get back. He hid soldiers in the woods and sent two bold men, clad in sheepskins by night, to mingle with the flock Yanshou had seized, slip into the city, and arrange to open the gate and raise a fire at midnight as the signal; then, still in sheepskin, they returned with word. Gongduo brought his troops to the south gate on time. Fire flared at the gate; fighting hard, he broke through the ring and entered the city. Yanshou exclaimed in alarm, "I kept worrying they would break out—instead they broke in! At this rate, how can the city be taken in a hurry! He reported to Xingmi and asked for someone in the army who had old ties with Gongduo to go with sworn pledges, gold, and silk to win him over, offering a marriage alliance. Chai Zaiyong, deputy training commissioner of Shouzhou, offered to go. He talked with Gongduo from below the walls and laid out the stakes. Within a few days, Gongduo and the prefect Feng Jingzhang asked to surrender. Feng Jingzhang was made Left Chief Adjutant, and Gongduo Right Gate Guard general. Yanshou went on to take Guang Prefecture and killed its prefect, Liu Cun.
97
丙戌，上遣中使詣梓州和解兩川，王建雖奉詔還成都，然猶連兵未解。
On bingxu, the emperor dispatched a palace envoy to Zizhou to mediate between the two Sichuan circuits. Wang Jian obeyed the edict and returned to Chengdu, but his armies remained in the field and the fighting did not stop.
98
崔昭緯復求救於朱全忠。 戊子，遣中使賜昭緯死，行至荊南，追及，斬之，中外咸以為快。
Cui Zhaowei once again appealed to Zhu Quanzhong for help. On wuzi, the emperor sent a palace envoy to order Zhaowei's death. The envoy caught up with him in Jingnan and beheaded him. Throughout court and country alike, people felt justice had been done.
99
荊南節度使成汭與其將許存溯江略地，盡取濱江州縣。 武泰節度使王建肇棄黔州，收餘眾保豐都。 存又引兵西取諭、涪二州，汭以其將趙武為黔中留後，存為萬州刺史。 汭知存不得志，使人詗之，曰：「存不治州事，日出蹴鞠。」 汭曰：「存將逃，先勻足力也。」 遣兵襲之，存棄城走； 其眾稍稍歸之，屯於茅壩。 趙武數攻豐都，王建肇不能守，與存皆降於王建，建忌存勇略，欲殺之，掌書記高燭曰：「公方總攬英雄以圖霸業，彼窮來歸我，奈何殺之！」 建使戍蜀州，陰使知蜀州王宗綰察之。 宗綰密言存忠勇廉厚，有良將才，建乃捨之，更其姓名臼王宗播，而宗綰竟不使宗播知其免己也。 宗播元從也目官柳修業，每勸宗播慎靜以免禍。 其後宗播為建將，遇強敵諸將所憚者，以身先之。 及有功，輒稱病，不自伐，由是得以功名終。
Cheng Ru, military governor of Jingnan, and his general Xu Cun pushed upriver to expand their holdings, seizing every prefecture and county along the banks. Wang Jianzhao, military governor of Wutai, gave up Qian Prefecture, rallied his survivors, and held Fengdu. Xu Cun then marched west and took Yu and Fu prefectures. Cheng Ru appointed his general Zhao Wu acting governor of Qianzhong and made Cun prefect of Wanzhou. Cheng Ru knew Cun was unhappy. He sent a spy who reported, "Cun ignores the prefectural business and goes out every day to play cuju. Cheng Ru said, "Cun means to run—he is limbering up first. He sent troops to surprise him. Cun abandoned the city and fled; his men slowly gathered back to him, and he made camp at Maoba. Zhao Wu attacked Fengdu again and again until Wang Jianzhao could no longer hold out. Both he and Xu Cun submitted to Wang Jian. Jian, wary of Cun's bravery and skill, wanted him killed. Chief secretary Gao Zhu said, "Your Lordship is rallying heroes to build an empire. This man came to us in defeat—why kill him! Jian posted him at Shuzhou and secretly ordered Wang Zongkan, commissioner of Shuzhou, to keep watch on him. Zongkan secretly reported that Cun was loyal, brave, upright, and generous—a born commander. Jian spared him, changed his name to Wang Zongbo, and Zongkan never told Zongbo that he had saved him. Liu Xiuye, a clerk who had followed Zongbo from the start, always urged him to stay careful and quiet so as to avoid trouble. Later, serving Wang Jian as a general, whenever the army faced a formidable enemy that others shrank from, Zongbo led from the front. After each success he would plead illness and never boast, and so lived out his days in honor and safety.
100
甲午，夜，顧全武急攻越州，乙未旦，克其外郭，董昌猶據牙城拒之。 戊戌，鏐遣昌故將駱團紿昌云：「奉詔，令大王致仕歸臨安。」 昌乃送牌印，出居清道坊。 己亥，全武遣武勇都監使吳璋以舟載昌如杭州，至小江南，斬之，並其家三百餘人，宰相李邈、蔣瑰以下百餘人。 昌在圍城中，貪吝益甚，口率民間錢帛，減戰士糧。 及城破，庫有金帛雜貨五百間，倉有糧三百萬斛。 錢鏐傳昌首於京師，散金帛以賞將士，開倉以振貧乏。
On jiawu, by night, Gu Quanwu stormed Yue Prefecture. At dawn on yiwei he took the outer city, but Dong Chang still held the headquarters compound and fought on. On wuxu, Qian Liu sent Dong Chang's old general Luo Tuan to trick him, saying, "By imperial decree, the Great King is to retire and return to Lin'an. Chang handed over his seals and insignia and moved out to Qingdao Lane. On jihai, Quanwu sent Wu Zhang, deputy commissioner of the Wu Yong corps, to carry Chang by boat toward Hangzhou. At Xiaojiangnan he executed him, together with more than three hundred of his household and more than a hundred others, including the chief ministers Li Miao and Jiang Gui and their followers. During the siege, Dong Chang grew ever greedier and meaner. He squeezed the townspeople for cash and cloth and slashed the soldiers' rations. When the city finally fell, the treasury held gold, silk, and assorted goods in five hundred storehouse bays, and the granaries held three million hu of grain. Qian Liu sent Dong Chang's head to the capital, distributed gold and silk to reward his troops, and opened the granaries to aid the destitute.
101
李克用攻魏博，侵掠遍六州。 朱全忠召葛從周於鄆州，使將兵營洹水以救魏博，留龐師古攻鄆州，六月，克用引兵擊從周，汴人多鑿坎於陳前，戰方酣，克用之子鐵林指揮使落落馬遇坎而躓，汴人生擒之； 克用自往救之。 馬亦躓，幾為汴人所獲； 克用顧射汴將一人，斃之，乃得免。 克用請修好以贖落落，全忠不許，以與羅弘信，使殺之。 克用引軍還。 葛從周自洹水引兵濟河，屯於楊劉，復擊鄆，及兗、鄆、河東之兵戰於故樂亭，破之，兗、鄆屬城皆為汴人所據，屢求救於李克用，克用發兵赴之，為羅弘信所拒，不得前，兗、鄆由是不振。
Li Keyong attacked Weibo and carried his raids through all six prefectures. Zhu Quanzhong recalled Ge Congzhou to Yun Prefecture and sent him to encamp on the Huan River and relieve Weibo, leaving Pang Shigu to continue the siege of Yun. In the sixth month Li Keyong marched against Congzhou. The Bian army dug pits across the front of its line; in the heat of battle Li Keyong's son Luoluo, commander of the Iron Forest Corps, was thrown when his horse struck a pit, and Bian soldiers took him alive; Keyong rode forward to rescue him. His own horse stumbled too, and he was nearly captured by the Bian troops; Keyong wheeled about, shot down a Bian general, and only then got away. Keyong offered to renew peace in exchange for Luoluo's release, but Quanzhong refused and turned the captive over to Luo Hongxin, who had him killed. Keyong withdrew his army. Ge Congzhou crossed the Yellow River from the Huan River, encamped at Yangliu, and renewed the attack on Yun. At the old Yue Pavilion he joined battle with the Yan, Yun, and Hedong armies and routed them. Every dependent city in Yan and Yun fell to the Bian forces. They pleaded repeatedly to Li Keyong for relief; Keyong sent troops, but Luo Hongxin barred their way and they could not get through, and Yan and Yun never recovered their strength.
102
初，李克用屯渭北，李茂貞、韓建憚之，事朝廷禮甚恭。 克用去，二鎮貢獻漸疏，表章驕慢，上自石門還，於神策兩軍之外，更置軍聖、捧宸、保寧、宣化等軍，選補數萬人，使諸王將之； 嗣延王戒丕、嗣賈王嗣周又自募麾下數千人。 茂貞以為欲討己； 語多怨望，嫌隙日構。 茂貞亦勒兵揚言欲詣闕訟冤； 京師士民爭亡匿山谷。 上命通王滋及嗣周、戒丕分將諸軍以衛近畿，戒丕屯三橋。 茂貞遂表言「延王無故稱兵討臣，臣今勒兵入朝請罪。」 上遽遣使告急於河東。 丙寅，茂貞引兵逼京畿，覃王與戰於婁館，官軍敗績。 秋，七月，茂貞進逼京師。 延王戒丕曰：「今關中籓鎮無可依者，不若自鄜州濟河，幸太原，臣請先往告之。」 辛卯，詔幸鄜州； 壬辰，上出至渭北； 韓建遣其子從允奉表請幸華州，上不許，以建為亦畿都指揮、安撫制置及開通四面道路、催促諸道綱運等使。 而建奉表相繼，上及從官亦憚遠去，癸己，至富平，遣宣徽使元公訊召建，面議去留。 甲午，建詣富平見上，頓首涕泣言：「方今籓臣跋扈者，非止茂貞。 陛下若去宗廟園陵，遠巡邊鄙，臣恐車駕濟河，無復還期。 今華州兵力雖微，控帶關輔，亦足自固。 臣積聚訓厲，十五年矣，西距長安不遠，願陛下臨之，以圖興復。」 上乃從之。 乙未，宿下邽； 丙申，至華州，以府署為行宮； 建視事於龍興寺。 茂貞遂入長安，自中和以來所葺宮室、市肆，燔燒俱盡。
Earlier, while Li Keyong held the north bank of the Wei River, Li Maozhen and Han Jian feared him and were scrupulously deferential toward the court. Once Keyong was gone, the two circuits grew stingy with tribute and their memorials turned proud and disrespectful. After the emperor returned from Shimen, he raised new armies—the Junsheng, Pengchen, Baoning, Xuanhua, and others—outside the two Shence corps, enrolled tens of thousands of men, and put the imperial princes in command; The Heir Prince of Yan, Jiepi, and the Heir Prince of He, Sizhou, each raised several thousand men from their own households as well. Maozhen took this as preparation for an attack on himself; his complaints grew bitter, and mutual suspicion deepened by the day. Maozhen also mustered his troops and announced that he would march to the capital to plead his case; men and women of the capital fled in panic to hide in the hills. The emperor ordered Prince Zi, together with Sizhou and Jiepi, to divide command of the armies and guard the approaches to the capital; Jiepi took position at Sanqiao. Maozhen then memorialized the throne: "The Yan Prince has mobilized without cause to attack me; I now lead my army to the capital to accept punishment." The emperor at once dispatched envoys to Hedong to beg for help. On bingyin, Maozhen advanced on the capital approaches. The Tan Prince met him at Lou Pavilion, and the imperial army was routed. In the seventh month of autumn Maozhen closed in on the capital. The Yan Prince Jiepi said, "There is no loyal command left in Guanzhong to shelter us. Better to cross the river from Fu Prefecture and seek refuge at Taiyuan; let me go ahead and announce your coming." On xinmao the court ordered the emperor's progress to Fu Prefecture; on renchen the emperor left the capital and reached the north bank of the Wei; Han Jian sent his son Congyun with a memorial inviting the emperor to Hua Prefecture. The emperor refused, but appointed Jian commander of the capital region, commissioner for pacification and disposition, and commissioner for opening roads on all sides and pressing the circuits for tribute shipments. Jian's invitations kept coming, and the emperor and his entourage shrank from going farther afield. On guisi they reached Fuping and sent Privy Envoy Yuan Gongxun to summon Jian for a personal discussion of what to do next. On jiawu Jian came to Fuping to see the emperor, kowtowed, and said through tears, "The overmighty frontier lords are not Maozhen alone. If Your Majesty abandons the ancestral temples and tombs and wanders far into the borderlands, I fear that once the imperial carriage crosses the river it will never return. Hua Prefecture's forces are few, but it holds the gateway to Guanzhong and is strong enough to defend itself. I have gathered supplies and drilled troops for fifteen years, and it lies only a short march west of Chang'an. I beg Your Majesty to make it your seat and plan the restoration from there." The emperor accepted. On yiwei he spent the night at Xia_gui; on bingshen he reached Hua Prefecture and turned the prefectural offices into his temporary palace; Jian conducted government business from Longxing Temple. Maozhen then entered Chang'an and burned to the ground every palace building and market stall rebuilt since the Zhonghe era.
103
乙己，以中書侍郎、同平章事崔胤同平章事，充武安節棄使。 上以胤，崔昭緯之黨也，故出之。
On yisi, Vice Director of the Secretariat and Co-Grand Councilor Cui Yin was kept on as grand councilor and sent out as Military Governor of Wu'an. The emperor regarded Yin as a follower of Cui Zhaowei and therefore posted him away from court.
104
丙午，以翰林學士承旨、尚書左丞陸扆為戶部侍郎、同平章事。 扆，陝人也。
On bingwu, Academician Expositor and Left Vice Minister of Works Lu Yi was appointed Vice Director of Revenue and Co-Grand Councilor. Yi was a native of Shan Prefecture.
105
水部郎中何迎表薦國子《毛詩》博士襄陽朱朴，才如謝安，道士許巖士亦薦朴有經濟才。 上連日召對，朴有口辯，上悅之，曰：「朕雖非太宗，得卿如魏徵矣。」 賜以金帛，並賜何迎。
He Ying, Director of the Waterways Bureau, memorialized recommending Zhu Pu of Xiangyang, Imperial Academy doctor of the Mao Classic, as a man of Xie An's caliber; the Daoist Xu Yanshi also praised Pu as a statesman. The emperor summoned him to audience day after day. Pu was quick and persuasive, and the emperor was delighted. "I may not be Taizong," he said, "but in you I have found my Wei Zheng." He rewarded them with gold and silk, and He Ying received a gift as well.
106
以徐彥若為大明宮留守，兼京畿安撫制置等使。
Xu Yanruo was appointed Keeper of the Daming Palace and commissioner for pacifying and administering the capital region.
107
楊行密表請上遷都江淮，王建請上幸成都。
Yang Xingmi memorialized urging the emperor to move the capital to the Jianghuai region; Wang Jian invited him to Chengdu.
108
宰相畏韓建，不敢專決政事。 八月，丙辰，詔建關議朝政； 建上表固辭，乃止。 韓建移檄諸道，令共輸資糧詣行在。 李克用聞之，歎曰：「去歲從余言，豈有今日之患！」 又曰：「韓建天下癡物，為賊臣弱帝室，是不為李茂貞所擒，則為朱全忠所虜耳！」 因奏將與鄰道發兵入援。
The chief ministers feared Han Jian and no longer dared decide affairs on their own. In the eighth month, on bingchen, the emperor ordered Han Jian to take part in deliberations on court affairs; Jian memorialized a firm refusal, and the order was withdrawn. Han Jian issued a circular to every circuit ordering them to send supplies and grain to the emperor's camp. When Li Keyong heard this he sighed and said, "Had he taken my advice last year, he would never be in today's plight!" He added, "Han Jian is the greatest fool alive. By weakening the throne for treacherous ministers, he will end up in Li Maozhen's hands if not Zhu Quanzhong's!" He then memorialized that he would raise troops from neighboring circuits and march to the emperor's relief.
109
加錢鏐兼中書令。
Qian Liu was additionally made Concurrent Director of the Secretariat.
110
癸丑，以王建為鳳翔西面行營招討使。
On guichou, Wang Jian was appointed commander-in-chief of the western Fengxiang campaign.
111
甲寅，以門下侍郎、同平章事王摶同平章事，充威勝節度使。
On jiayin, Vice Director of the Chancellery and Co-Grand Councilor Wang Tuan was kept on as grand councilor and sent out as Military Governor of Weisheng.
112
上憤天下之亂，思得奇傑之士不次用之。 國子博士朱朴自言：「得為宰相，月餘可致太平。」 上以為然。 乙丑，以朴為左諫議大夫、同平章事。 朴為人庸鄙迂僻，無它長。 製出，中外大驚。 丙寅，加韓建兼中書令。
Angered by the chaos engulfing the empire, the emperor longed for exceptional talent and was ready to promote men out of turn. Zhu Pu, a doctor at the Imperial Academy, declared, "Make me chief minister, and within a month I will restore peace." The emperor believed him. On yichou, Pu was appointed Left Remonstrance Councilor and Co-Grand Councilor. Pu was a vulgar, narrow-minded man with no other gifts. When the appointment was announced, court and country were stunned. On bingyin, Han Jian was additionally made Concurrent Director of the Secretariat.
113
九月，庚辰，升福建為威武軍，以觀察使王潮節度使。
In the ninth month, on gengchen, Fujian was elevated to the Weiwu Army command, and Observation Commissioner Wang Chao was made its military governor.
114
以湖南留後馬殷判湖南軍府事。 殷以高郁為謀主。 郁，揚州人也。 殷畏楊行密、成汭之強，議以金帛結之，高郁曰：「成汭不足畏也，行密公之仇。 雖以萬金賂之，安肯為吾援乎！ 不若上奉天子，下撫士民，訓卒厲兵，以修霸業，則誰與為敵矣。」 殷從之。
Ma Yin, acting commissioner of Hunan, was put in charge of the Hunan military government. Yin made Gao Yu his chief strategist. Yu was a native of Yang Prefecture. Yin feared the power of Yang Xingmi and Cheng Ru and proposed buying their friendship with gold and silk. Gao Yu said, "Cheng Ru is no threat, but Xingmi is our master's enemy. Even ten thousand in gold would not make him our ally! Better to honor the Son of Heaven, win over soldiers and people, drill the ranks and sharpen the blades, and build a power of our own—then who could stand against us?" Yin took his advice.
115
崔胤出鎮湖南，韓建之志也。 胤密求援於朱全忠，且教之營東都宮闕，表迎車駕，且全忠與河南尹張全義表請上廷都洛陽，全忠仍請以兵二萬迎車駕，且言崔胤忠臣，不宜出外。 韓建懼，復奏召胤為相，遣使諭全忠以且宜安靜，全忠乃止。 乙未，復以胤為中書侍郎、同平章事。 以翰林學士承旨、兵部侍郎崔遠同平章事。 遠，珙弟璵之孫也。 丁酉，貶中書侍郎、同平章事陸扆為硤州刺史。 崔胤恨扆代己，誣扆，雲黨於李茂貞而貶之。
Cui Yin's posting to Hunan was Han Jian's work. Yin secretly appealed to Zhu Quanzhong and urged him to restore the eastern capital's palaces and memorialized inviting the emperor back. Quanzhong and Henan Prefect Zhang Quanyi jointly asked that the court be re-established at Luoyang; Quanzhong also offered twenty thousand troops to escort the emperor and argued that the loyal Cui Yin should not be banished from court. Han Jian was alarmed and memorialized to recall Yin as chief minister; he sent envoys telling Quanzhong to hold his hand for now, and Quanzhong desisted. On yiwei, Yin was restored as Vice Director of the Secretariat and Co-Grand Councilor. Academician Expositor and Vice Director of War Cui Yuan was appointed Co-Grand Councilor. Yuan was the grandson of Cui Yu, younger brother of Cui Gong. On dingyou, Vice Director of the Secretariat and Co-Grand Councilor Lu Yi was demoted to prefect of Xia Prefecture. Cui Yin resented Yi for having replaced him, framed him as a partisan of Li Maozhen, and had him banished.
116
己亥，以朱朴兼判戶部，凡軍旅財賦之事，上一以委之。 以孫偓為鳳翔四面行營都統，又以前定難節度使李思諫為靜難節度使，兼副都統。
On jihai, Zhu Pu was additionally put in charge of the Ministry of Revenue, and the emperor entrusted him with all military finance and taxation. Sun Wo was made overall commander of the Fengxiang campaign on all sides, and former Dingnan Military Governor Li Sijian was appointed Jingnan Military Governor and deputy overall commander.
117
以保大留後李思敬為節度使。 河東將李存信攻臨清，敗汴將葛從周於宗城北，乘勝至魏州北門。
Li Sijing, acting commissioner of Baoda, was appointed military governor. The Hedong general Li Cunxin attacked Linqing, routed Ge Congzhou north of Zongcheng, and pressed his victory to the north gate of Wei Prefecture.
118
冬，十月，壬子，加孫偓行營節度、招討、處置等使。 丁已，以韓健權知京兆尹，兼把截使。 戊午，李茂貞上表請罪，願得自新，仍獻助修宮室錢； 韓建復佐佑之，竟不出師。
In the tenth month of winter, on renzi, Sun Wo was additionally made campaign military governor, pacification commissioner, and disposition commissioner. On dingsi, Han Jian was made acting prefect of Jingzhao and interdiction commissioner. On wuwu, Li Maozhen memorialized asking pardon, promising to reform, and offered money toward rebuilding the palace; Han Jian backed him again, and in the end no punitive expedition was launched.
119
錢鏐令兩浙吏民上表，請以鏐兼領浙東； 朝廷不得已，復以王摶為吏部尚書、同平章事，以鏐為鎮海、威勝兩軍度使。 丙子，更名威勝曰鎮東軍。
Qian Liu had officials and commoners across the two Zhe circuits petition that he be given eastern Zhe as well; The court yielded: Wang Tuan was recalled as Director of Personnel and Co-Grand Councilor, and Liu was made military governor of both Zhenhai and Weisheng. On bingzi, Weisheng was renamed the Zhendong Army.
120
李克用自將攻魏州，敗魏兵於白龍潭，追至觀音門。 朱全忠復遣葛從周救之，屯於洹水，全忠以大軍繼之。 克用乃還。
Li Keyong personally led an attack on Wei Prefecture, routed Wei troops at White Dragon Pool, and pursued them to Guanyin Gate. Zhu Quanzhong again sent Ge Congzhou to relieve the city; Congzhou encamped on the Huan River while Quanzhong followed with the main army. Keyong then withdrew.
121
加河中節度使王珂同平章事。
Wang Ke, Military Governor of Hezhong, was additionally made Co-Grand Councilor.
122
十一月，朱全忠還大梁，復遣葛從周東會龐師古，攻鄆州。
In the eleventh month, Zhu Quanzhong returned to Daliang and again sent Ge Congzhou east to join Pang Shigu in the siege of Yun Prefecture.
123
湖州刺史李師悅求旌節，詔置忠國軍於湖州，以師悅為節度使。 賜告身旌節者未入境，戊子，師悅卒。 楊行密表師悅子前綿州刺史彥徽知州事。
Li Shiyue, prefect of Hu Prefecture, petitioned for a formal military commission; the court created the Zhongguo Army at Hu and made him its military governor. Before the bearer of his commission and insignia had even crossed the border, Shiyue died on wuzi. Yang Xingmi memorialized that Shiyue's son Yan Hui, former prefect of Mian, be put in charge of the prefecture.
124
淮南將安仁義攻婺州。
The Huainan general An Renyi attacked Wu Prefecture.
125
十二月，東川兵焚掠漢、眉、資簡之境。
In the twelfth month, Eastern Chuan troops burned and plundered Han, Mei, Zi, and Jian.
126
清海節度使薛王知柔行至湖南，廣州牙將盧琚、譚弘𤣱據境拒之，使弘𤣱守端州。 弘𤣱結封州刺史劉隱，許妻以女。 隱偽許之，託言親迎，伏甲舟中，夜入端州，斬弘𤣱； 遂襲廣州，斬琚； 具軍容迎知柔入視事，知柔表隱為行軍司馬。
Prince of Xue Zhirou, newly appointed Military Governor of Qinghai, reached Hunan on his way south; Guangzhou guard officers Lu Ju and Tan Hongji blocked his entry and left Hongji to hold Duan Prefecture. Hongji allied with Liu Yin, prefect of Fengzhou, and promised his daughter in marriage. Yin pretended to agree, claiming he was coming to welcome the bride, hid armored soldiers in boats, entered Duanzhou by night, and beheaded Hongji; he then attacked Guangzhou and beheaded Ju; with full military honors he welcomed Zhirou to take office, and Zhirou memorialized Yin as acting army marshal.