1
資治通鑑第280卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 280
2
【後晉紀一】柔兆涒灘，一年。
Later Jin Records 1 — from rouzhao through yousi, one year in total.
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高祖聖文章武明德孝皇帝上之上天福元年（ 丙申，公元九三六年）
Gaozu the Sagely, Cultured, Martial, and Virtuous Emperor of Filial Piety, Part One, First Year of Tianfu ( bingshen, AD 936)
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春，正月，吳徐知誥始建大元帥府，以幕職分判吏、戶、禮、兵、刑、工部及鹽鐵。
In spring, in the first month, Xu Zhigao of Wu established a Grand Marshal's headquarters for the first time, assigning staff officers to oversee the six ministries and the Salt and Iron Monopoly.
5
丁未，唐主立子重美為雍王。
On dingwei, the Tang emperor named his son Chongmei Prince of Yong.
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癸丑，唐主以千春節置酒，晉國長公主上壽畢，辭歸晉陽。 帝醉，曰：「何不且留？ 遽歸，欲與石郎反邪！」 石敬瑭聞之，益懼。
On guichou, the Tang emperor gave a feast for the Qianchun festival. After the Princess of Jin had presented her birthday wishes, she asked leave to return to Jinyang. The emperor, in his cups, said, "Why not stay a while? You rush off home — are you plotting rebellion with that Shi fellow! When Shi Jingtang heard this, his fear deepened."
7
三月，丙午，以翰林學士、禮部侍郎馬胤孫為中書侍郎、同平章事。 胤孫性謹儒，中書事多凝滯，又罕接賓客，時人目為「三不開」，謂口、印、門也。
In the third month, on bingwu, Ma Yinsun, Hanlin academician and vice minister of Rites, was made vice director of the Secretariat and co-director of the Secretariat-Chancellery. Yinsun was cautious and bookish by nature; business at the Secretariat often stalled, and he seldom received visitors. Contemporaries called him the "Three Not Open" — his mouth, his seal, and his door.
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石敬瑭盡收其貨之在洛陽及諸道者歸晉陽，託言以助軍費，人皆知其有異志。 唐主夜與近臣從容語曰：「石郎於朕至親，無可疑者； 但流言不息，萬一失歡，何以解之？」 皆不對。 端明殿學士、給事中李崧退謂同僚呂琦曰：「吾輩受恩深厚，豈得自同眾人，一概觀望邪！ 計將安出？」 琦曰：「河東若有異謀，必結契丹為援。 契丹母以贊華在中國，屢求和親，但求萴剌等未獲，故和未成耳。 今誠歸萴刺等與之和，歲以禮幣約直十餘萬緡遺之，彼必歡然承命。 如此，則河東雖欲陸梁，無能為矣。」 崧曰：「此吾志也。 然錢穀皆出三司，宜更與張相謀之。」 遂告張延朗，延朗曰：「如學士計，不惟可以制河東，亦省邊費之什九，計無便於此者。 若主上聽從，但責辦於老夫，請於軍財之外捃拾以供之，他夕，二人密言於帝，帝大喜，稱其忠，二人私草《遺契丹書》以俟命。
Shi Jingtang recalled all his property from Luoyang and the transport circuits to Jinyang, saying it was to fund the army, but everyone knew he had rebellion in mind. One night the Tang emperor spoke casually with his close advisers: "Master Shi is as close to me as kin; there is no reason to doubt him; yet the rumors never stop. If we should fall out, how could that be set right?" No one replied. Li Song, academician of the Duanming Hall and supervising secretary, withdrew and told his colleague Lü Qi, "We owe the emperor a deep debt of gratitude. How can we stand aside with the rest and merely watch! What shall we do?" Qi said, "If Hedong plots rebellion, it will surely seek Khitan aid. The Khitan empress dowager had often sought a marriage alliance because Prince Zanhua was held in China, but peace had failed because Wanla and the other captives had not been returned. If we now return Wanla and the rest and make peace, sending annual gifts worth a little over one hundred thousand strings of cash, they will gladly agree. Then even if Hedong wished to rebel, it could do nothing." Song said, "That is exactly what I had in mind. But funds and grain all pass through the Three Commissions, so we should discuss this further with Chancellor Zhang." They then told Zhang Yanlang, who said, "As you propose, this would not only check Hedong but save nine-tenths of frontier costs. No plan could be better. If His Majesty agrees, leave it to me — I will scrape together the funds beyond the military budget. That night the two men spoke privately to the emperor, who was delighted and praised their loyalty. They privately drafted a letter to the Khitan to await his command.
9
久之，帝以其謀告樞密直學士薛文遇，文遇對曰：「以天子之尊，屈身奉夷狄，不亦辱乎！ 又，虜若循故事求尚公主，何以拒之？」 因誦戎昱《昭君詩》曰：「安危托婦人。」 帝意遂變。 一日，急召崧、琦至後樓，盛怒，責之曰：「卿輩皆知古今，欲佐人主致太平； 今乃為謀如是！ 朕一女尚乳臭，卿欲棄之沙漠邪？ 且欲以養士之財輸之虜庭，其意安在？」 二人懼，汗流浹背，曰：「臣等志在竭愚以報國，非為虜計也，願陛下察之。」 拜謝無數，帝詬責不已。 呂琦氣竭，拜少止，帝曰：「呂琦強項，肯視朕為人主邪！」 琦曰：「臣等為謀不臧，願陛下治其罪，多拜可為！」 帝怒稍解，止其拜，各賜卮酒罷之，自是群臣不敢復言和親之策。 丁巳，以琦為御史中丞，蓋疏之也。
After a time the emperor told his plan to Xue Wenyü, direct academician of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Wenyü replied, "For the Son of Heaven to humble himself before barbarians — is that not shameful! And if the Khitan follow custom and ask for an imperial princess, how could we refuse?" He then quoted Rong Yu's poem on Wang Zhaojun: "Safety and peril are entrusted to a woman." The emperor's mind turned. One day he urgently summoned Song and Qi to the rear pavilion and rebuked them in a rage: "You know history and wish to help your sovereign bring peace; yet now you propose this! My daughter still smells of milk — do you mean to cast her into the desert? And you would send the funds meant to support our troops to the barbarian court — what do you mean by that?" The two were terrified, sweat soaking their backs. They said, "We meant only to serve the state with all our wit, not to scheme for the Khitan. We beg Your Majesty to see that." They bowed and apologized again and again, but the emperor kept berating them. Lü Qi, exhausted, paused in his bowing. The emperor said, "Lü Qi is stiff-necked — does he refuse to treat me as his sovereign!" Qi said, "Our plan was ill-advised. Punish us as you will — more bowing will not help!" The emperor's anger eased. He stopped their bowing, gave each a cup of wine, and dismissed them. After that no minister dared raise the marriage-alliance plan again. On dingsi, Qi was made vice censor-in-chief — clearly a move to keep him at arm's length.
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吳徐知誥以其子副都統景通為太尉、副元帥，都統判官宋齊丘、行軍司馬徐玠為元帥府左、右司馬。
Xu Zhigao of Wu made his son Jingtong, deputy commander-in-chief, Grand Marshal and deputy commander-in-chief, and named Song Qiqiu, the commander-in-chief's aide, and Xu Jie, marching marshal, left and right marshals of the headquarters.
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閩主昶改元通文，立賢妃李氏為皇后，尊皇太后曰太皇太后。
The ruler of Min, Chang, changed the era name to Tongwen, made the Worthy Consort Lady Li empress, and elevated the empress dowager to grand empress dowager.
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靜江節度使、同平章事馬希杲有善政，監軍裴仁照譖之於楚王希範，言其收眾心，希範疑之。 夏，四月，漢將孫德威侵蒙、桂二州，希範命其弟武安節度副使希廣權知軍府事，自將步騎五千如桂州。 希杲懼，其母華夫人逆希範於全義嶺，謝曰：「希杲為治無狀，致寇戎入境，煩殿下親涉險阻，皆妾之罪也。 願削封邑，灑掃夜庭，以贖希杲罪。」 希範曰：「吾久不見希杲，聞其治行尤異，故來省之，無它也。」 漢兵自蒙州引去，徙希杲知朗州。
Ma Xigao, military governor of Jingjiang and co-director of the Secretariat-Chancellery, governed well, but the army supervisor Pei Renzhao slandered him to King Xifan of Chu, saying he was winning the people's loyalty, and Xifan grew suspicious. In summer, in the fourth month, the Han general Sun Dewei invaded Meng and Gui prefectures. Xifan left his brother Xiguang, deputy commissioner of Wu'an, in charge of headquarters affairs and led five thousand foot and horse troops to Gui Prefecture himself. Xigao was afraid. His mother, Lady Hua, met Xifan at Quanyi Ridge and apologized: "Xigao has governed badly, letting the enemy cross the border and forcing Your Highness to brave danger in person. The fault is mine. I beg to forfeit my fief and sweep the night court to atone for Xigao's offense." Xifan said, "I have not seen Xigao in a long time and heard his governance was exceptional, so I came to visit him — nothing more." The Han troops withdrew from Meng Prefecture, and Xigao was transferred to Lang Prefecture.
13
高從誨遣使奉箋於徐知誥，勸即帝位。
Gao Conghui sent an envoy with a memorial to Xu Zhigao, urging him to take the throne.
14
初，石敬瑭欲嘗唐王之意，累表自陳贏疾，乞解兵柄，移他鎮。 帝與執政議從其請，移鎮鄆州。 房暠、李崧、呂琦等皆力諫，以為不可，帝猶豫久之。
Earlier, Shi Jingtang wished to test the Tang emperor's mind and repeatedly memorialized that he was ill, asking to give up his command and transfer elsewhere. The emperor discussed the request with his chief ministers and agreed to move him to the Yanzhou command. Fang Hao, Li Song, Lü Qi, and others all strongly urged against it, and the emperor hesitated for a long time.
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五月，庚寅夜，李崧請急在外，薛文遇獨直，帝與之議河東事，文遇曰：「諺有之：『當道築室，三年不成。』 茲事斷自聖志； 群臣各為身謀，安肯盡言！ 以臣觀之，河東移亦反，不移亦反，在旦暮耳，不若先事圖之。」 先是，術者言國家今年應得賢佐，出奇謀，定天下。 帝意文遇當之，聞其言，大喜，曰：「卿言殊豁吾意，成敗吾決行之。」 即為除目，付學士院使草制。 辛卯，以敬瑭為天平節度使，以馬軍都指揮使、河陽節度使宋審虔為河東節度使。 製出，兩班聞呼敬瑭名，相顧失色。 甲午，以建雄節使張敬達為西北蕃漢馬步都部署，趣敬瑭之鄆州。 敬瑭疑懼，謀於將佐曰：「吾之再來河東也，主上面許終身不除代； 今忽有是命，得非如今年千春節與公主所言乎？ 我不興亂，朝廷發之，安能束手死於道路乎！ 今且發表稱疾以觀其意，若其寬我，我當事之； 若加兵於我，我則改圖耳。」 幕僚段希堯極言拒之，敬瑭以其樸直，不責也。 節度使判官華陰趙瑩勸敬瑭赴鄆州； 觀察判官平遙薛融曰：「融書生，不習軍旅。」 都押牙劉知遠曰：「明公久將兵，得士卒心； 今據形勝之地，士馬精強，若稱兵傳檄，帝業可成，奈何以一紙制書自投虎口乎！」 掌書記洛陽桑維翰曰：「主上初即位，明公入朝，主上豈不知蛟龍不可縱之深淵邪？ 然卒以河東復授公，引乃天意假公以利器。 明宗遺愛在人，主上以庶孽代之，群情不附。 公明宗之愛婿，今主上以反逆見待，此非首謝可免，但力為自全之計。 契丹主素與明宗約為兄弟，今部落近在雲、應，公誠能推心屈節事之，萬一有急，朝呼夕至，何患無成。」 敬瑭意遂決。 先是，朝廷疑敬瑭，以羽林將軍寶鼎楊彥詢為北京副留守，敬瑭將舉事，亦以情告之。 彥詢曰：「不知河東兵糧幾何，能敵朝廷乎？」 左右請殺彥詢，敬瑭曰：「惟副使一人我自保之，汝輩勿言也。」
In the fifth month, on the night of gengyin, Li Song sought an urgent audience outside, while Xue Wenyü alone was on duty. The emperor discussed Hedong with him. Wenyü said, "As the proverb goes, 'Build a house in the road and three years will not finish it. This matter must be decided by Your Majesty alone; the ministers each plot for themselves. How would they speak their whole mind! In my view, if Hedong is transferred it will rebel; if it is not transferred it will rebel all the same. It is only a matter of time. Better to strike first." Earlier, diviners had said the state would gain a worthy aide this year who would devise a singular stratagem and settle the realm. The emperor thought Wenyü was that man. Hearing him, he was delighted and said, "Your words clarify my mind completely. Success or failure — I will decide and act." He immediately drafted appointment orders and sent them to the Hanlin Academy to draft the edicts. On xinmao, Jingtang was made military governor of Tianping, and Song Shenqian, commander of the horse army and military governor of Heyang, was made military governor of Hedong. When the edicts were issued, the court officials, hearing Jingtang's name called, looked at one another in dismay. On jiawu, Zhang Jingda, commissioner of Jianxiong, was made overall commander of Khitan and Han forces in the northwest and ordered to hurry Jingtang to Yanzhou. Jingtang was suspicious and afraid and consulted his officers: "When I returned to Hedong, His Majesty promised face to face that I would never be replaced in my lifetime; now suddenly comes this order. Could it not be what was said at this year's Qianchun festival with the princess? If I do not rebel and the court provokes me, how can I die bound hand and foot on the road! For now let us send a memorial claiming illness to test their intent. If they are lenient, I will obey; if they send troops against me, I will change my plan." The staff officer Duan Xiyao strongly urged refusal, but Jingtang, considering him simple and honest, did not reproach him. The military governor's aide Zhao Ying of Huayin urged Jingtang to go to Yanzhou; the surveillance commissioner aide Xue Rong of Pingyao said, "I am a scholar and know nothing of military affairs." The chief military aide Liu Zhiyuan said, "Your Excellency has long commanded troops and holds the soldiers' hearts; you now hold strategic ground with elite troops and horses. Raise arms and issue a proclamation and an imperial enterprise can be achieved. How can you throw yourself into a tiger's maw for a single written order!" The secretarial aide Sang Weihan of Luoyang said, "When His Majesty first took the throne, Your Excellency came to court. Did he not know a flood dragon cannot be released into the deep? Yet in the end he gave you Hedong again. This is Heaven lending you a sharp weapon. Emperor Mingzong's affection still lives in the people's hearts. The present ruler is a lesser-born son who replaced him, and popular sentiment does not follow. You are Mingzong's beloved son-in-law, yet the ruler now treats you as a rebel. Bowing your head will not save you. You must strive only to preserve yourself. The Khitan ruler long pledged brotherhood with Mingzong, and their tribes are now near Yun and Ying. If you can truly open your heart and humble yourself to serve them, they will come at a morning's call by evening if need arises. What fear of failure?" Jingtang's mind was made up. Earlier the court had suspected Jingtang and appointed Yang Yanxun of Baoding, a general of the Imperial Guard, deputy defender of the Northern Capital. When Jingtang was about to rebel, he told Yanxun his plans as well. Yanxun said, "I do not know how much grain and troops Hedong has. Can it match the court?" His attendants asked to kill Yanxun. Jingtang said, "I alone will guarantee the deputy defender's safety. Say nothing of this."
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戊戌，昭義節度使皇甫立奏敬瑭反。 敬瑭表：「帝，養子，不應承祀，請傳位許王。」 帝手裂其表抵地，以詔答之曰：「卿於鄂王固非疏遠，衛州之事，天下皆知； 許王之言，何人肯信！」 壬寅，制削奪敬瑭官爵。 乙巳，以張敬達兼太原四面排陳使，河陽節度使張彥琪為馬步軍都指揮使，以安國節度使安審琦為馬軍都指揮使，以保義節度使相裡金為步軍都指揮使，以右監門上將軍武廷翰為壕寨使。 丙午，以張敬達為太原四面兵馬都部署，以義武節度使楊光遠為副部署。 丁未，又以張敬達知太原行府事，以前彰武節度使高行周為太原四面招撫、排陳等使。 光遠既行，定州軍亂，牙將千乘方太討平之。
On wuxu, Huangfu Li, military governor of Zhaoyi, reported that Jingtang had rebelled. Jingtang memorialized: "The emperor is an adopted son and ought not inherit the throne. I beg that the succession pass to the Prince of Xu." The emperor tore the memorial by hand and flung it to the ground, replying by edict: "You are surely not distant from Prince E. The affair at Weizhou — the whole realm knows it; as for words about the Prince of Xu — who would believe them!" On renyin, an edict stripped Jingtang of office and rank. On yisi, Zhang Jingda was also made deployment commander on all four sides of Taiyuan; Zhang Yanqi, military governor of Heyang, was made overall commander of horse and foot; An Shenqi, military governor of Anguo, was made commander of the horse army; Xiangli Jin, military governor of Baoyi, was made commander of the foot army; and Wu Tinghan, right gate guard general, was made trench-camp commissioner. On bingwu, Zhang Jingda was made overall deployment commander of forces on all four sides of Taiyuan, and Yang Guangyuan, military governor of Yiwu, was made deputy commander. On dingwei, Zhang Jingda was also put in charge of the Taiyuan field headquarters, and Gao Xingzhou, former military governor of Zhangwu, was made commissioner for pacification and deployment on all four sides of Taiyuan. After Guangyuan had set out, the army at Ding Prefecture mutinied, and the military aide Fang Tai of Qiansheng put it down.
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張敬達將後三萬營於晉安鄉，戊申，敬達奏西北先鋒馬軍都指揮使安審信叛奔晉陽。 審信，金全之弟子也，敬瑭與之有舊。 先是，雄義都指揮使馬邑安元信將所部六百餘人戍代州，代州刺史張朗善遇之，元信密說朗曰：「吾觀石令公長者，舉事必成； 公何不潛遣人通意，可以自全。」 朗不從，由是互相猜忌。 元信謀殺朗，不克，帥其眾奔審信，審信遂帥麾下數百騎與元信掠百井奔晉陽。 敬瑭謂元信曰：「汝見何利害，捨強而歸弱？」 對曰：「元信非知星識氣，顧以人事決之耳。 夫帝王所以御天下，莫重於信。 今主上失大信於令公，親而貴者且不自保，況疏賤乎！ 其亡可翹足而待，何強之有！」 敬瑭悅，委以軍事。 振武西北巡檢使安重榮戍代北，帥步騎五百奔晉陽。 重榮，朔州人也。 以宋審虔為寧國節度使、充待衛馬軍都指揮使。
Zhang Jingda led thirty thousand rear troops and encamped at Jin'an township. On wushen, Jingda reported that An Shenxin, commander of the northwest vanguard horse army, had defected to Jinyang. Shenxin was a nephew of An Jinquan and had old ties with Jingtang. Earlier, An Yuanxin of Mayi, commander of the Xiongyi command, garrisoned Dai Prefecture with more than six hundred men. The prefect Zhang Lang treated him well. Yuanxin secretly urged Lang, "Commander Shi is a man of stature. If he acts, he will surely succeed; why not secretly send someone to convey your intent? You can save yourself." Lang refused, and from then on they mistrusted each other. Yuanxin plotted to kill Lang but failed, then led his men to Shenxin. Shenxin then led several hundred horsemen with Yuanxin, raided Baijing, and fled to Jinyang. Jingtang said to Yuanxin, "What did you see in the balance of advantage and harm, that you abandoned the strong and came to the weak?" He replied, "I do not read the stars or discern omens. I judged by human affairs alone. Of all the means by which emperors govern the realm, none is weightier than trust. The sovereign has now lost all faith with Your Excellency. Even those who are close and exalted cannot save themselves — how much less those who are distant and humble! Their fall can be waited for at leisure. Where is their strength?" Jingtang was pleased and put him in charge of military affairs. An Chongrong, the Zhenwu Northwest patrol commissioner, was stationed in northern Dai when he led five hundred infantry and horsemen in flight to Jinyang. Chongrong was from Shuozhou. Song Shenqian was appointed military governor of Ningguo and commander of the palace horse army.
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天雄節度使劉延皓恃後族之勢，驕縱，奪人財產，減將士給賜，宴飲無度。 捧聖都虞候張令昭因眾心怨怒，謀以魏博應河東，癸丑未明，帥眾攻牙城，克之； 延皓脫身走，亂兵大掠。 令昭奏：「延皓失於撫御，以致軍亂； 臣以撫安士卒，權領軍府，乞賜旌節！」 延皓至洛陽，唐主怒，命遠貶； 皇后為之請，六月，庚申，止削延皓官爵，歸私第。
Liu Yanhao, military governor of Tianxiong, traded on the empress's family connections. He was arrogant and wild, seized people's property, cut the soldiers' pay, and feasted without restraint. Zhang Lingzhao, chief military adjutant of Pingsheng, seizing on the troops' anger, plotted to have Weibo side with Hedong. Before dawn on guichou he led his men against the headquarters and captured it; Yanhao escaped and fled, while the mutinous soldiers plundered the city. Lingzhao memorialized, "Yanhao failed to control his troops, which led to the mutiny; I have pacified the soldiers and temporarily assumed command of the headquarters. I beg to be granted the commission of office!" When Yanhao reached Luoyang, the Tang emperor was furious and ordered him exiled to a distant post; The empress interceded for him. In the sixth month, on gengshen, the emperor merely stripped Yanhao of his rank and office and sent him home.
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辛酉，吳太保、同平章事徐景遷以疾罷，以其弟景遂代為門下侍郎、參政事。
On xinyou, Xu Jingqian of Wu, Grand Guardian and co-director of the Secretariat-Chancellery, resigned due to illness. His younger brother Jing-sui replaced him as vice director of the Secretariat and participant in government affairs.
20
癸亥，唐主以張令昭為右千牛衛將軍、權知天雄軍計事。 令昭以調發未集，且受新命。 尋有詔徙齊州防禦使，令昭托以士卒所留，實俟河東之成敗。 唐主遣使諭之，令昭殺使者。 甲戌，以宣武節度使兼中書令范延光為天雄四面行營招討使、知魏博行府事，以張敬達充太原四面招討使，以楊光遠為副使。 丙子，以西京留守李周為天雄軍四面行營副招討使。
On guihai, the Tang emperor made Zhang Lingzhao General of the Right Thousand Bull Guard and provisional overseer of Tianxiong army affairs. Citing incomplete mobilization, Lingzhao also accepted the new appointment. An edict soon ordered his transfer to defender of Qizhou. Lingzhao claimed the soldiers would not let him go, but in truth he was waiting to see how the Hedong campaign would turn out. The Tang emperor sent envoys to order him to comply, and Lingzhao had them killed. On jiaxu, Fan Yanguang, military governor of Xuanwu and chief minister, was made commander of the Tianxiong campaign and given charge of Weibo headquarters affairs. Zhang Jingda was made Taiyuan campaign commander, with Yang Guangyuan as his deputy. On bingzi, Li Zhou, defender of the Western Capital, was made deputy commander of the Tianxiong campaign.
21
石敬瑭之子右衛上將軍重殷、皇城副使重裔聞敬瑭舉兵，匿於民間井中。 弟沂州都指揮使敬德殺其妻女而逃，尋捕得，死獄中，從弟彰聖都指揮使敬威自殺。 秋，七月，戊子，獲重殷、重裔，誅之，並族所匿之家。
When they heard that Jingtang had risen in arms, Shi Jingtang's sons Chong Yin, senior general of the Right Guard, and Chong Yi, deputy commissioner of the Imperial City, hid in a civilian's well. His brother Jingde, commander of Yizhou, killed his wife and daughter and fled, but was soon captured and died in prison. His cousin Jingwei, commander of Pingsheng, killed himself. In autumn, in the seventh month, on wuzi, Chong Yin and Chong Yi were captured and executed, and the family that had sheltered them was wiped out to the clan.
22
庚寅，楚王希範自桂州北還。
On gengyin, King Xifan of Chu returned north from Guizhou.
23
雲州步軍指揮使桑遷奏應州節度使尹暉逐雲州節度使沙彥珣，收其兵應河東。 丁酉，彥珣表遷謀叛應河東，引兵圍子城。 彥昫犯圍走出西山，據雷公口，明日，收兵入城擊亂兵，遷敗走，軍城復安。 是日，尹暉執遷送洛陽，斬之。
Sang Qian, commander of the Yunzhou infantry, reported that Yin Hui, military governor of Yingzhou, had driven out Sha Yanxun, military governor of Yunzhou, seized his troops, and declared for Hedong. On dingyou, Yanxun memorialized that Qian was plotting to rebel for Hedong and led troops to besiege the inner citadel. Yanxun broke through the siege and escaped to the western hills, holding Leigongkou. The next day he rallied his troops, entered the city, and attacked the mutineers. Qian was defeated and fled, and order was restored. That same day Yin Hui seized Qian, sent him to Luoyang, and had him executed.
24
丁未，范延光拔魏州，斬張令昭。 詔悉誅其黨七指揮。
On dingwei, Fan Yanguang took Weizhou and executed Zhang Lingzhao. An edict ordered that all seven conspirators among the commanders be executed.
25
張敬達發懷州彰聖軍戍虎北口，其指揮使張萬迪將五百騎奔河東，丙辰，詔盡誅其家。
Zhang Jingda sent the Pingsheng army from Huaizhou to garrison Hubekou. Its commander Zhang Wandi led five hundred horsemen in flight to Hedong. On bingchen an edict ordered all their families executed.
26
石敬瑭遣間使求救於契丹，令桑維翰草表稱臣於契丹主，且請以父禮事之，約事捷之日，割盧龍一道及雁門關以北諸州與之。 劉知遠諫曰：「稱臣可矣，以父事之太過。 厚以金帛賂之，自足致其兵，不必許以土田，恐異日大為中國之患，悔之無及。」 敬瑭不從。 表至契丹，契丹主大喜，白其母曰：「兒比夢石郎遣使來，今果然，此天意也。」 乃為復書，許俟仲秋傾國赴援。
Shi Jingtang sent secret envoys to beg the Khitan for aid and had Sang Weihan draft a memorial declaring himself the Khitan ruler's subject and asking to treat him as a father, promising that upon success he would cede the entire Lulong circuit and all prefectures north of Yanmen Pass. Liu Zhiyuan advised, "Declaring yourself his subject is one thing, but treating him as a father goes too far. A generous bribe of gold and silk would be enough to bring their armies. There is no need to promise them territory. I fear this will become a grave disaster for China one day, and then it will be too late for regret." Jingtang refused. When the memorial reached the Khitan, the Khitan ruler was overjoyed and told his mother, "I dreamed that Master Shi would send envoys, and now it has come true. This is Heaven's will." He then sent a reply promising to mobilize the entire nation for aid by mid-autumn.
27
八月，己未，以范延光為天雄節度使，李周為宣武節度使、同平章事。
In the eighth month, on jiwei, Fan Yanguang was appointed military governor of Tianxiong, and Li Zhou was made military governor of Xuanwu and co-director of the Secretariat-Chancellery.
28
癸亥，應州言契丹三千騎攻城。 張敬達築長圍以攻晉陽。 石敬瑭以劉知遠為馬步都指揮使，安重榮、張萬迪降兵皆隸焉。 知遠用法無私，撫之如一，由是人無貳心。 敬瑭親乘城，坐臥矢石下，知遠曰：「觀敬達輩高壘深塹，欲為持久之計，無他奇策，不足慮也。 願明公四出間使，經略外事。 守城至易，知遠獨能辦之。」 敬瑭執知遠手，撫其背而賞之。
On guihai, Yingzhou reported that three thousand Khitan cavalry were attacking the city. Zhang Jingda built siege lines to attack Jinyang. Shi Jingtang made Liu Zhiyuan overall commander of horse and foot, placing An Chongrong's and Zhang Wandi's surrendered troops under his command. Zhiyuan enforced the law impartially and treated all alike, so none of the men wavered in loyalty. Jingtang personally manned the walls, eating and sleeping under arrow and stone fire. Zhiyuan said, "Jingda and his men have raised high ramparts and dug deep trenches, planning a war of attrition. They have no other stratagem and are not worth worrying about. I urge Your Excellency to send secret envoys in all directions to manage affairs abroad. Defending the city is the easy part — I alone can handle that." Jingtang took Zhiyuan's hand, clapped his back, and rewarded him.
29
戊寅，以成德節度使董溫琪為東北面副招討使，以佐盧龍節度使趙德鈞。
On wuyin, Dong Wenqi, military governor of Chengde, was made deputy northeast campaign commander to assist Zhao Dejun, military governor of Lulong.
30
唐主使端明殿學士呂琦至河東行營犒軍，楊光遠謂琦曰：「願附奏陛下，幸寬宵旰。 賊若無援，旦夕當平； 若引契丹，當縱之令入，可一戰破也。」 帝甚悅。 帝聞契丹許石敬瑭以仲秋赴援，屢督張敬達急攻晉陽，不能下。 每有營構，多值風雨，長圍夏為水潦所壞，竟不能合，晉陽城中日窘，糧儲浸乏。
The Tang emperor sent Lu Qi of the Duanming Hall to the Hedong campaign headquarters to reward the troops. Yang Guangyuan told Qi, "Please convey to His Majesty my hope that he may rest easier at night. If the rebels receive no aid, they will fall within days; If they bring in the Khitan, we should let them in and break them in one battle." The emperor was greatly pleased. When the emperor heard that the Khitan had promised Shi Jingtang aid by mid-autumn, he repeatedly urged Zhang Jingda to press the attack on Jinyang, but the city would not fall. Whenever work began on the siege lines, storms intervened. In summer floods broke the encirclement, and it could never be fully closed. Inside Jinyang the situation grew daily more desperate, and supplies steadily dwindled.
31
九月，契丹主將五萬騎，號三十萬，自揚武谷而南，旌旗不絕五十餘里。 代州刺史張朗、忻州刺史丁審琦嬰城自守，虜騎過城下，亦不誘脅。 審琦，洺州人也。 辛丑，契丹主至晉陽，陳於汾北之虎北口。 先遣人謂敬瑭曰：「吾欲今日即破賊可乎？」 敬瑭遣人馳告曰：「南軍甚厚，不可輕，請俟明日議戰未晚也。」 使者未至，契丹已與唐騎將高行周、符彥卿合戰，敬瑭乃遣劉知遠出兵助之。 張敬達、楊光遠、安審琦以步兵陳於城西北山下，契丹遣輕騎三千，不被甲，直犯其陳。 唐兵見其贏，爭逐之，至汾曲，契丹涉水而去。 唐兵循岸而進，契丹伏兵自東北起，沖唐兵斷而為二，涉兵在北都多為契丹所殺，騎兵在南者引歸晉陷寨。 契丹縱兵乘之，唐兵大敗，步兵死者近萬人，騎兵獨全。 敬達等收餘眾保晉安，契丹亦引兵歸虎北口。 敬瑭得唐降兵千餘人，劉知遠勸敬瑭盡殺之。 是夕，敬瑭出北門見契丹主，契丹主執敬瑭手，恨相見之晚。 敬瑭問曰：「皇帝遠來，士馬疲倦，遽與唐戰而大勝，何也？」 契丹主曰：「始吾自北來，謂唐必斷雁門諸路，伏兵險要，則吾不可得進矣。 使人偵視，皆無之。 吾是以長驅深入，知大事必濟也。 兵既相接，我氣方銳，彼氣方沮，若不乘此急擊之，曠日持久，則勝負未可知矣。 此吾所以亟戰而勝，不可以勞逸常理論也。」 敬瑭甚歎伏。 壬寅，敬瑭引兵會契丹圍晉安寨，置營於晉安之南，長百餘里，厚五十里，多設鈴索吠犬，人跬步不能過。 敬達等士卒猶五萬人，馬萬匹，四顧無所之。 甲辰，敬達遣使告敗於唐，自是聲問不復通。 唐王大懼，遣彰聖都指揮使符彥饒將洛陽步騎兵屯河陽，詔天雄節度使兼中書令范延光將魏州二萬由青山趣榆次，盧龍節度使、東北面招討使兼中書令北平王趙德鈞將幽州兵由悄孤出契丹軍後，耀州防禦使潘環糾合西路戍兵由晉、絳兩乳嶺出慈、隰、共救晉安寨。 契丹主移帳於柳林，游騎過石會關，不見唐兵。
In the ninth month the Khitan ruler led fifty thousand horsemen south from Yangwu Valley, claiming three hundred thousand. Their banners and flags stretched unbroken for more than fifty li. Zhang Lang, prefect of Daizhou, and Ding Shenqi, prefect of Xinzhou, shut their cities and defended them. When Khitan horsemen passed beneath the walls, they neither coaxed nor threatened them to surrender. Shenqi was from Mingzhou. On xinchou the Khitan ruler reached Jinyang and formed his line at Hubekou on the north bank of the Fen. He first sent word to Jingtang: "Shall I break the enemy today?" Jingtang sent a hurried reply: "The southern army is very strong and must not be taken lightly. Please wait until tomorrow to discuss battle — that will be soon enough." Before the messenger arrived, the Khitan had already clashed with the Tang cavalry generals Gao Xingzhou and Fu Yanqing. Jingtang then sent Liu Zhiyuan with troops to aid them. Zhang Jingda, Yang Guangyuan, and An Shenqi drew up their infantry on the hills northwest of the city. The Khitan sent three thousand light horsemen without armor to charge straight at their line. The Tang troops, seeing how weak they looked, raced to pursue them. At the bend of the Fen the Khitan crossed the river and withdrew. The Tang troops pressed along the bank. Khitan ambushers rose from the northeast, smashed into the Tang line, and cut it in two. Most of the infantry north of the river were slaughtered by the Khitan; the cavalry in the south retreated to Jinxian fort. The Khitan pressed the advantage and the Tang army was routed. Nearly ten thousand infantry died; only the cavalry escaped unscathed. Jingda gathered the survivors and held Jin'an. The Khitan withdrew to Hubekou. Jingtang took more than a thousand Tang surrendered troops. Liu Zhiyuan urged Jingtang to execute them all. That evening Jingtang went out the north gate to meet the Khitan ruler, who took his hand and regretted they had not met sooner. Jingtang asked, "Your Majesty came from afar with weary troops and horses, yet you rushed into battle with the Tang and won a great victory. How was that?" The Khitan ruler said, "When I first came from the north, I expected the Tang to block the Yanmen routes and lay ambushes at the passes, which would have stopped me cold. I sent scouts to look — and found nothing. That is why I drove deep into their territory, knowing the great enterprise would succeed. Once battle was joined, our spirit was high and theirs was already broken. If I had not struck hard at that moment, a prolonged fight would have made the outcome uncertain. That is why I fought at once and won. You cannot judge it by the ordinary rules of rest and fatigue." Jingtang was deeply impressed. On renyin, Jingtang joined the Khitan in besieging Jin'an fort. They encamped south of Jin'an in a block more than a hundred li long and fifty li deep, strung with bells and guard dogs — a man could not take a single step without being caught. Jingda still had fifty thousand men and ten thousand horses, but they looked in every direction and saw nowhere to go. On jiachen, Jingda sent envoys to report his defeat to the Tang court. After that, all contact was lost. The Tang emperor was terrified. He sent Fu Yanrao, commander of Pingsheng, with Luoyang infantry and cavalry to garrison Heyang. He ordered Fan Yanguang, military governor of Tianxiong and chief minister, to lead twenty thousand men from Weizhou through Qingshan toward Yuci; Zhao Dejun, military governor of Lulong, northeast campaign commander, chief minister, and Prince of Beiping, to lead Youzhou troops through Qiaogu to strike behind the Khitan army; and Pan Huan, defender of Yaozhou, to gather western garrison troops through the Rufeng passes of Jin and Jiang to advance through Ci, Xi, and Gong and relieve Jin'an fort together. The Khitan ruler moved his camp to Liulin. His scouts passed Shihui Pass and saw no Tang troops.
32
丁未，唐主下詔親征。 雍王重美曰：「陛下目疾未平，未可遠涉風沙； 臣雖童稚，願代陛下北行。」 帝意本不欲行，聞之頗悅。 張延朗、劉延皓及宣徽南院使劉延朗皆勸帝行，帝不得已，戊申，發洛陽，謂盧文紀曰：「朕雅聞卿有相業，故排眾議首用卿，今禍難如此，卿嘉謀皆安在乎？」 文紀但拜謝，不能對。 己酉，遣劉延朗監侍衛步軍都指揮使符彥饒軍赴潞州，為大軍後援。 諸軍自鳳翔推戴以來，驕悍不為用，彥饒恐其為亂，不敢束之以法。
On dingwei, the Tang emperor issued an edict declaring a personal campaign. Prince of Yong Chongmei said, "Your Majesty's eye ailment is not yet healed. You must not travel far into the northern wastes; Though I am still young, I am willing to go north in Your Majesty's place." The emperor had never wanted to go, and was rather pleased to hear this. Zhang Yanlang, Liu Yanhao, and Liu Yanlang, commissioner of the Southern Bureau of the Imperial Household, all urged the emperor to go. He had no choice. On wushen he set out from Luoyang and said to Lu Wenji, "I had always heard you had the makings of a chief minister, and so I chose you over all objections — yet now disaster has come. Where are all your fine plans?" Wenji could only bow in apology and had no answer. On jiyou, he sent Liu Yanlang to oversee Fu Yanrao, commander of the palace foot army, on his march to Luzhou as rear support for the main force. Since the Fengxiang acclamation, the armies had been arrogant and uncontrollable. Yanrao feared they would mutiny and dared not discipline them.
33
帝至河陽，心憚北行，召宰相、樞密使議進取方略，盧文紀希帝旨，言「國家根本、太半在河南。 胡兵倏來忽往，不能久留； 晉安大寨甚固，況已發三道兵救之。 河陽天下津要，車駕宜留此鎮撫南北，且遣近臣往督戰，苟不能解圍，進亦未晚。」 張延朗欲因事令趙延壽得解樞務，因曰：「文紀言是也。」 帝訪於餘人，無敢異言者。 澤州刺史劉遂凝，鄩之子也，潛自通於石敬瑭，表稱車駕不可逾太行。 帝議近臣可使北行者，張延朗與翰林學士須昌和凝等詣曰：「趙延壽父德鈞以盧龍兵來赴難，宜遣延壽會之。」 庚戌，遣樞密使、忠武節度使、隨駕諸軍都部署、兼侍中趙延壽將兵二萬如潞州。 辛亥，帝如懷州。 以右神武統軍康思立為北面行營馬軍都指揮使，帥扈從騎兵赴團柏谷。 思立，晉陽胡人也。 帝以晉安為憂，問策於群臣，吏部侍郎永清龍敏請立李贊華為契丹主，令天雄、盧龍二鎮分兵送之，自幽州趣西樓，朝廷露檄言之，契丹主必有內顧之憂，然後選募軍中精銳以擊之，此亦解圍之一策也。」 帝深以為然，而執政恐其無成，議竟不決。 帝憂沮形於神色，但日夕酣飲悲歌。 群臣或勸其北行，則曰：「卿勿言，石郎使我心膽墮地！」
When the emperor reached Heyang, he feared going north. He summoned the chief ministers and military affairs commissioners to discuss strategy. Reading the emperor's mind, Lu Wenji said, "More than half of the state's foundation lies south of the Yellow River. The barbarian horsemen come and go quickly and cannot stay long; The great fort at Jin'an is strong, and three relief columns have already been dispatched. Heyang is the vital crossroads of the realm. Your Majesty should remain here to stabilize north and south while sending a close minister to oversee the fighting. If the siege cannot be lifted, advancing later will still be in time." Zhang Yanlang wished to use the occasion to relieve Zhao Yanshou of his military affairs post and said, "Wenji is right." The emperor consulted the others, and none dared disagree. Liu Suining, prefect of Zezhou and son of Liu E (Zhuang), had been secretly in contact with Shi Jingtang and memorialized that the emperor must not cross the Taihang Mountains. The emperor discussed which close ministers could go north. Zhang Yanlang, together with Hanlin academicians Xu Chang and He Ning and others, came forward and said, "Zhao Yanshou's father Dejun is marching with Lulong troops to the rescue. Yanshou should be sent to join him." On gengxu, Military Affairs Commissioner Zhao Yanshou, military governor of Zhongwu, overall deployer of the armies accompanying the emperor and concurrently palace attendant, was sent with twenty thousand men to Luzhou. On xinhai, the emperor went to Huaizhou. Kang Sili, commander-in-chief of the Right Shenwu army, was made northern campaign cavalry commander and led the accompanying horsemen to Tuanbaigu. Sili was a Hu tribesman from Jinyang. Anxious about Jin'an, the emperor asked his ministers for plans. Long Min, vice minister of Personnel of Yongqing, proposed installing Li Zanhua as Khitan ruler, sending troops from Tianxiong and Lulong to escort him from Youzhou toward Xilou, and issuing an open proclamation from the court. The Khitan ruler would surely look homeward with worry, and then elite troops could be recruited to strike them. This too was a plan for lifting the siege. The emperor was strongly persuaded, but the chief ministers feared the plan would fail, and the discussion ended without a decision. Worry and despair showed plainly on the emperor's face; day and night he did nothing but drink heavily and sing dirges. When ministers urged him to march north, he would say, "Say no more — Master Shi has struck my heart dead with terror!"
34
冬，十月，壬戌，詔大括天下將吏及民間馬，又發民為兵，每七戶出征夫一人，自備鎧仗，謂之「義軍」，期以十一月俱集，命陳州刺史郎萬金教以戰陳，用張延朗之謀也。 凡得馬二千餘匹，征夫五千人，實無益於用，而民間大擾。
In winter, the tenth month, on renxu, an edict ordered a sweeping levy of horses from all officers and civilians. Civilians were also drafted as soldiers — one man from every seven households, each supplying his own armor and weapons — called the "Righteous Army," to assemble in the eleventh month. Chenzhou prefect Lang Wanjin was ordered to drill them in battle formations. This was Zhang Yanlang's plan. In all they got a little over two thousand horses and five thousand conscripts, which were of little real use, while the countryside was thrown into turmoil.
35
初，趙德鈞陰蓄異志，欲因亂取中原，自請救晉安寨； 唐主命自飛狐踵契丹後，鈔其部落，德鈞請將銀鞍契丹直三千騎，由土門路西入，帝許之。 趙州刺史、北面行營都指揮使劉在明先將兵戍易州，德鈞過易州，命在明以其眾自隨。 在明，幽州人也。 德鈞至鎮州，以董溫琪領招討副使，邀與偕行，又表稱兵少，須合澤潞兵； 乃自吳兒谷趣潞州，癸酉，至亂柳。 時范延光受詔將部兵二萬屯遼州，德鈞又請與魏博軍合； 延光知德鈞合諸軍，志趣難測，表稱魏博兵已入賊境，無容南行數百里與德鈞合，乃止。
Earlier Zhao Dejun had been secretly plotting to seize the Central Plains amid the chaos and volunteered to relieve Jin'an Stockade; The Tang emperor ordered him to come through Feihu Pass and strike at the Khitan tribes from behind. Dejun asked to lead three thousand Silver Saddle Khitan Direct cavalry west through Tumeng Road, and the emperor agreed. Liu Zaiming, prefect of Zhao and overall northern campaign commander, had been garrisoning Yizhou. When Dejun passed through Yizhou, he ordered Zaiming to bring his troops along. Zaiming was a native of Youzhou. At Zhenzhou, Dejun made Dong Wenqi deputy campaign commissioner and invited him along. He also memorialized that his forces were too few and needed to join with the Ze and Lu troops; He then marched toward Luzhou via Wu'ergu and on guiyou reached Luanliu. Fan Yanguang had been ordered to camp at Liaozhou with twenty thousand men. Dejun again asked to combine with the Weibo army; Yanguang saw that once Dejun united the armies his intentions would be impossible to read. He memorialized that Weibo troops were already in enemy country and could not march south hundreds of li to join Dejun, and the merger was dropped.
36
漢主以宗正卿兼工部侍郎劉濬為中書侍郎、同平章事。 濬，崇望之子也。
The Southern Han ruler made Liu Jun, director of the Imperial Clan and vice minister of Works, vice director of the Secretariat and chief minister. Jun was the son of Liu Chongwang.
37
十一月，戊子以趙德鈞為諸道行營都統，依前東北面行營招討使。 以趙延壽為河東道南面行營招討使，以翰林學士張礪為判官。 庚寅，以范延光為河東道東南面行營招討使，以宣武節度使、同平章事李周副之。 辛卯，以劉延郎為河東道南面行營招討副使。 趙延壽遇趙德鈞於西湯，悉以兵屬德鈞。 唐主遣呂琦賜鈞敕告，且犒軍。 德鈞志在並范延光軍，逗留不進，詔書屢趣之，德鈞乃引兵北屯團柏谷口。
In the eleventh month, on wuzi Zhao Dejun was made overall multi-circuit campaign commander while retaining his post as northeast campaign pacification commissioner. Zhao Yanshou was made southern Hedong campaign commander, with Academician Zhang Li as adjutant. On gengyin Fan Yanguang was made southeast Hedong campaign commander, with Li Zhou, military governor of Xuanwu and chief minister, as deputy. On xinmao Liu Yanlang was made deputy southern Hedong campaign commander. Zhao Yanshou met Zhao Dejun at Xitang and placed all his troops under Dejun's command. The Tang emperor sent Lu Qi to deliver an imperial rescript to Dejun and reward the troops. Dejun wanted to absorb Fan Yanguang's army and lingered without advancing. Repeated edicts urged him forward, and at last he moved north to camp at Tuanbaigu Pass.
38
癸巳，吳主詔齊主徐知誥置百官，以金陵府為西都。
On guisi the Wu ruler ordered Prince Qi Xu Zhigao to establish a full bureaucracy and designate Jinling Prefecture as the western capital.
39
前坊州刺史劉景巖，延州人也，多財而喜俠，交結豪傑，家有丁夫兵仗，人報其強，勢傾州縣。 彰武節度使楊漢章無政，失夷、夏心，會括馬及義軍，漢章帥步騎數千人將赴軍期，閱之於野。 景巖潛使人撓之曰：「契丹強盛，汝曹有去無歸。」 眾懼，殺漢章，奉景巖為留後。 唐主不獲已，丁酉，以景巖為彰武留後。
Former Fangzhou prefect Liu Jingyan was from Yanzhou. Rich and fond of chivalry, he befriended local strongmen and kept armed retainers at home. Reports of his power made prefectures and counties fear him. Yang Hanzhang, military governor of Zhangwu, governed poorly and lost the loyalty of both tribesmen and Han subjects. When the horse levy and volunteer army were called up, Hanzhang led several thousand troops to meet the muster deadline and reviewed them in the field. Jingyan secretly sent agents to stir them up, saying, "The Khitan are mighty. You will march out and never come back. Terrified, the troops killed Hanzhang and made Jingyan acting governor. The Tang emperor had no choice; on dingyou he recognized Jingyan as acting governor of Zhangwu.
40
契丹主謂石敬瑭曰：「吾三千里赴難，必有成功。 觀汝氣貌識量，真中原之主也。 吾欲立汝為天子。」 敬瑭辭讓數四，將吏復勸進，乃許之。 契丹主作冊書，命敬瑭為大晉皇帝，自解衣冠授之，築壇於柳林。 是日，即皇帝位。 割幽、薊、瀛、莫、涿、檀、順、新、媯、儒、武、雲、應、寰、朔、蔚十六州以與契丹，仍許歲輸帛三十萬匹。 己亥，制改長興七年為天福元年，大赦； 敕命法制，皆遵明宗之舊。 以節度判官趙瑩為翰林學士承旨、戶部侍郎、知河東軍府事，掌書記桑維翰為翰林學士、禮部侍郎、權知樞密使事，觀察判官薛融為侍御史知雜事，節度推官白水竇貞固為翰林學士，軍城都巡檢使劉知遠為侍衛軍都指揮使，客將景延廣為步軍都指揮使。 延廣，陝州人也。 立晉國長公主為皇后。 契丹主雖軍柳林，其輜重老弱皆在虎北口，每日暝輒結束，以備倉猝遁逃，而趙德鈞欲倚契丹取中國，至團柏逾月，按兵不戰，去晉安才百里，聲問不能相通。 德鈞累表為延壽求成德節度使，曰：「臣今遠征，幽州勢孤，欲使延壽在鎮州，左右便於應接。」 唐主曰：「延壽方擊賊，何暇往鎮州！ 俟賊平，當如所請。」 德鈞求之不已，唐主怒曰：「趙氏父子堅欲得鎮州，何意也？ 苟能卻胡寇，雖欲代吾位，吾亦甘心，若玩寇邀君，但恐犬兔俱斃耳。」 德鈞聞之，不悅。
The Khitan ruler said to Shi Jingtang, "I have marched three thousand li to save you in your distress. Success is certain. From your bearing and your judgment, you are truly fit to rule the Central Plains. I mean to make you emperor. Jingtang declined again and again until his officers pressed him to accept, whereupon he agreed. The Khitan ruler drafted an investiture charter, named Jingtang emperor of Great Jin, took off his own robes and crowned him, and raised an altar at Liulin. That same day he took the throne. He ceded sixteen prefectures — You, Ji, Ying, Mo, Zhuo, Tan, Shun, Xin, Gui, Ru, Wu, Yun, Ying, Huan, Shuo, and Wei — to the Khitan and pledged an annual tribute of three hundred thousand bolts of silk. On jihai he changed the regnal year from the seventh year of Changxing to the first year of Tianfu and proclaimed a general amnesty; all edicts, institutions, and regulations followed the precedents of Emperor Mingzong. He made Zhao Ying, the governor's judge-advocate, Hanlin academician-in-chief and vice minister of Revenue with charge of Hedong headquarters; Sang Weihan, recorder, Hanlin academician and vice minister of Rites with provisional charge of the Privy Council; Xue Rong, surveillance judge, attendant censor with charge of miscellaneous business; Dou Zhengu of Baishui, the governor's legal officer, Hanlin academician; Liu Zhiyuan, metropolitan garrison chief inspector, commander of the palace guards; and Jing Yanguang, guest officer, commander of the foot army. Yanguang was a native of Shanzhou. He made the Jin State princess empress. Though the Khitan ruler camped at Liulin, his baggage and noncombatants remained at Hubekou, and every evening they packed up lest they have to flee in panic. Zhao Dejun hoped to use the Khitan to take China. At Tuanbai he lingered for over a month without fighting, only a hundred li from Jin'an, yet no word could pass between them. Dejun repeatedly memorialized to make Yanshou military governor of Chengde, saying, "I am far on campaign and Youzhou stands alone. I want Yanshou at Zhenzhou so he can respond quickly on either side. The Tang emperor said, "Yanshou is fighting the enemy now — how can he leave for Zhenzhou! Once the enemy is beaten, I will do as you ask. Dejun would not let up. The Tang emperor burst out, "Why are Zhao father and son so set on getting Zhenzhou? If they can drive off the Khitan, they may have my throne and welcome to it. But if they stall the enemy to squeeze concessions from me, I fear we will all die together like the hound and the hare in the fable. Dejun took this badly."
41
閏月，趙延壽獻契丹主所賜詔及甲馬弓劍，詐雲德鈞遣使致書於契丹主，為唐結好，說令引兵歸國； 其實別為密書，厚以金帛賂契丹主，云：「若立己為帝，請即以見兵南平洛陽，與契丹為兄弟之國； 仍許石氏常鎮河東。」 契丹主自以深入敵境，晉安未下，德鈞兵尚強，范延光在其東，又恐山北諸州邀其歸路，欲許德鈞之請。
In the intercalary month Zhao Yanshou produced an edict, armor, horses, bows, and swords the Khitan ruler had given him and falsely claimed Dejun had sent envoys asking the Khitan ruler to make peace with the Tang and withdraw; In secret he sent a separate letter lavishly bribing the Khitan ruler: "If you make me emperor, I will use the troops I have to pacify Luoyang in the south and we shall be brother states; while the Shi clan keeps permanent command of Hedong. The Khitan ruler knew he was deep in enemy country, Jin'an still held out, Dejun's army remained strong, Fan Yanguang threatened his east, and the northern prefectures might cut his retreat. He was inclined to accept Dejun's offer."
42
帝聞之，大懼，亟使桑維翰見契丹主，說之曰：「大國舉義兵以救孤危，一戰而唐兵瓦解，退守一柵，食盡力窮。 趙北平父子不忠不信，畏大國之強，且素蓄異志，按兵觀變，非以死徇國之人，何足可畏，而信其誕亡之辭，貪豪末之利，棄垂成之功乎！ 且使晉得天下，將竭中國之財以奉大國，豈此小利之比乎！」 契丹主曰：「爾見捕鼠者乎，不備之，猶或嚙傷其手，況大敵乎！」 對曰：「今大國已扼其喉，安能嚙人乎！」 契丹主曰：「吾非有渝前約也，但兵家權謀不得不爾。」 對曰：「皇帝以信義救人之急，四海之人俱屬耳目，奈何一旦二三其命，使大義不終！ 臣竊為皇帝不取也。」 跪於帳前，自旦至暮，涕泣爭之。 契丹主乃從之，指帳前石謂德鈞使者曰：「我已許石郎，此石爛，可改矣！」
When the emperor heard this he was terrified and urgently sent Sang Weihan to the Khitan ruler, who argued: "Your great state came in righteous arms to save us in peril. One battle broke the Tang army and drove them to a single stockade with food gone and strength spent. Zhao Dejun and his son are faithless men who have long plotted rebellion. They hold their troops back and watch which way the wind blows — they would not die for their country. Why fear them, believe their desperate lies, grasp at petty gain, and throw away victory almost in hand! If Jin wins the realm, it will empty the wealth of China to serve your great state. How does petty bribe money compare with that! The Khitan ruler said, "Have you ever seen a mousetrap? Even a mouse may bite your hand if you are not careful — how much more a great foe! Weihan answered, "Your great state already has them by the throat. How can they bite anyone? The Khitan ruler said, "I do not mean to break our pact, but military expediency leaves no choice. Weihan answered, "Your majesty came in good faith to save us in crisis, and all the world is watching. How can you change your word overnight and leave honor unfinished! I cannot believe this is worthy of your majesty. He knelt before the tent from dawn to dusk, weeping and pleading. The Khitan ruler relented. Pointing to a stone before the tent he told Dejun's envoys, "I have promised Master Shi. Not until this stone rots may that be changed!"
43
龍敏謂前鄭州防禦李懿曰：「君，國之近親，今社稷之危，翹足可待，君獨無憂乎？」 懿為言趙德鈞必能破敵之狀。 敏曰：「我燕人也，知德鈞之為人，怯而無謀，但於守城差長耳。 況今內蓄奸謀，豈可恃乎！ 僕有狂策，但恐朝廷不肯為耳。 今從駕兵尚萬餘人，馬近五千匹，若選精騎一千，使僕與郎萬金將之，自介休山路，夜冒虜騎入晉安寨，但使其半得入，則事濟矣。 張敬達等陷於重圍，不知朝廷聲問，若知大軍近在團柏，雖有鐵障可衝陷，況虜騎乎！」 懿以白唐主，唐主曰：「龍敏之志極壯，用之晚矣。」
Long Min said to former Zhengzhou defender Li Yi, "You are the emperor's close kin. The realm totters — are you not worried? Yi described at length how Zhao Dejun was sure to break the enemy. Min said, "I am from Yan and know Dejun. He is timid and unresourceful — only middling at holding cities. And now he is plotting treachery within. How can we rely on him! I have a bold plan, but I fear the court will not undertake it. The emperor still has more than ten thousand troops and nearly five thousand horses. Choose a thousand elite cavalry and let me and Lang Wanjin lead them through the Jiexiu mountain road by night past the enemy horsemen into Jin'an Stockade. If even half get through, it will succeed. Zhang Jingda and the rest are trapped in siege and know nothing of the court. If they knew a great army was near at Tuanbai, they could smash through an iron wall — how much more Khitan cavalry! Yi told the Tang emperor, who said, "Long Min's spirit is magnificent — but it is too late to use it."
44
丹州義軍作亂，逐刺史康承詢，承詢奔鄜州。
The Danzhou volunteer army mutinied, expelled prefect Kang Chengzhong, and Chengzhong fled to Fuzhou.
45
晉安寨被圍數月，高行周、符彥卿數引騎兵出戰，眾寡不敵，皆無功。 芻糧俱竭，削柹淘糞以飼馬，馬相啖，尾鬣皆禿，死則將士分食之，援兵竟不至。 張敬達性剛，時謂之「張生鐵。」 楊光遠、安審琦，勸敬達降於契丹，敬達曰：「吾受明宗及今上厚恩，為元帥而敗軍，其罪已大，況降敵乎！ 今援兵旦暮至，且當俟之。 必若力盡勢窮，則諸軍斬我首，攜之出降，自求多福，未為晚也。」 光遠目審琦欲殺敬達，審琦未忍。 高行周知光遠欲圖敬達，常引壯騎尾而衛之，敬達不知其故，謂人曰：「行周每踵余後，何意也？」 行周乃不敢隨之。 諸將每旦集於招討使營，甲子，高行周、符彥卿未至，光遠乘其無備，斬敬達首，帥諸將上表降於契丹。 契丹主素聞諸將名，皆慰勞，賜以裘帽，因戲之曰：「汝輩亦大惡漢，不用鹽酪啖戰馬萬匹！」 光遠等大慚。 契丹主嘉張敬達之忠，命收葬而祭之，謂其下及晉諸將曰：「汝曹為人臣，當效敬達也。」 時晉安寨馬猶近五千，鎧仗五萬，契丹悉取以歸其國，悉以唐之將卒授帝，語之曰：「勉事而主。」 馬軍都指揮使康思立憤惋而死。 帝以晉安已降，遣使諭諸州。 代州刺史張朗斬其使； 呂琦奉唐主詔勞北軍，至忻州，遇晉使，亦斬之，謂刺史丁審琦曰：「虜過城下而不顧，其心可見，還日必無全理，不若早帥兵民自五台奔鎮州。」 將行，審琦悔之，閉牙城不從。 州兵欲攻之，琦曰：「家國如此，何為復相屠滅！」 乃帥州兵趣鎮州，審琦遂降契丹。
Jin'an Stockade had been under siege for months. Gao Xingzhou and Fu Yanqing led cavalry out again and again, but they were too few and gained nothing. Fodder and grain ran out. They scraped bark and washed dung to feed the horses; the horses ate one another until their tails and manes fell out. When a horse died the soldiers ate its flesh. Relief never came. Zhang Jingda was unyielding by nature; men called him "Iron Zhang." Yang Guangyuan and An Shenqi urged Jingda to surrender to the Khitan. Jingda said, "Mingzong and the present emperor have shown me great favor. As commander I have already failed my army — that is crime enough. How could I surrender to the enemy! Relief is almost here. We must wait. If we reach the end of our strength, cut off my head and carry it out to surrender and save yourselves. That will still be in time. Guangyuan signaled Shenqi to kill Jingda, but Shenqi could not bring himself to do it. Gao Xingzhou knew Guangyuan meant to kill Jingda and often rode behind him with strong cavalry as guard. Jingda did not know why and said, "Why does Xingzhou always follow at my heels? After that Xingzhou no longer dared follow him. The generals met each morning at the campaign commissioner's camp. On jiazi, before Gao Xingzhou and Fu Yanqing arrived, Guangyuan caught them off guard, beheaded Jingda, and led the generals in surrendering to the Khitan. The Khitan ruler, who had long known the generals by name, received them with praise and gifts of fur coats and caps, then joked, "You wretched Han — ten thousand war horses fed without a grain of salt or curds! Guangyuan and the rest were deeply shamed. The Khitan ruler honored Zhang Jingda's loyalty, had him buried with rites, and told his men and the Jin generals, "As subjects you should be like Jingda." Jin'an still had nearly five thousand horses and fifty thousand sets of arms. The Khitan took them all home and handed the Tang officers and soldiers to the emperor, saying, "Serve your lord faithfully." Kang Sili, commander of the horse army, died of rage and grief. When Jin'an fell, the emperor sent envoys to notify the prefectures. Zhang Lang, prefect of Dai, executed the envoy; Lu Qi had been sent by the Tang emperor to reward the northern army. At Xinzhou he met a Jin envoy and killed him too. He told prefect Ding Shenqi, "The Khitan marched past this city without a look — you can see their mind. When they return this place cannot stand. Better lead troops and people from Wutai to flee to Zhenzhou now. As they were about to leave, Shenqi changed his mind, shut the yamen gate, and refused. The garrison wanted to attack him. Qi said, "The realm is ruined — why slaughter one another? He led the garrison to Zhenzhou instead, and Shenqi surrendered to the Khitan."
46
契丹主謂帝曰：「桑維翰盡忠於汝，宜以為相。」 丙寅，以趙瑩為門下侍郎，桑維翰為中書侍郎，並同平章事； 維翰仍權知樞密使事。 以楊光遠為侍衛馬步軍都指揮使，以劉知遠為保義節度使、侍衛馬步軍都虞侯。 帝與契丹主將引兵而南，欲留一子守河東，咨於契丹主，契丹主令帝盡出諸子，自擇之。 帝兄子重貴，父敬儒早卒，帝養以為子，貌類帝而短小，契丹主指之曰：「此大目者可也。」 乃以重貴為北京留守、太原尹、河東節度使。 契丹以其將高謨翰為前鋒，與降卒偕進。 丁卯，至團柏，與唐兵戰，趙德鈞、趙延壽先循，符彥饒、張彥琦、劉延朗、劉在明繼之，士卒大潰，相騰踐死者萬計。
The Khitan ruler told the emperor, "Sang Weihan has been utterly loyal to you. Make him chief minister." On bingyin Zhao Ying was made vice director of the Chancellery and Sang Weihan vice director of the Secretariat, both chief ministers; Weihan continued in provisional charge of the Privy Council. Yang Guangyuan was made commander of the palace horse and foot armies; Liu Zhiyuan was made military governor of Baoyi and deputy commander of the palace armies. The emperor and the Khitan ruler prepared to march south. Wanting to leave a son to guard Hedong, he asked the Khitan ruler, who told him to parade all his sons and choose. The emperor's nephew Chonggui — his father Jingru had died young and the emperor had raised him as a son — looked like the emperor though he was small. The Khitan ruler pointed at him and said, "This big-eyed one will do." He then made Chonggui regent of the northern capital, prefect of Taiyuan, and military governor of Hedong. The Khitan put their general Gao Mo'han in the van and marched on together with the surrendered troops. On dingmao they reached Tuanbai and clashed with Tang forces. Zhao Dejun and Zhao Yanshou fled first, and Fu Yanrao, Zhang Yanqi, Liu Yanlang, and Liu Zaiming followed. The army collapsed utterly; tens of thousands were trampled to death in the stampede.
47
己巳，延朗、在明至懷州，唐主始知帝即位，楊光遠降。 眾議以「天雄軍府尚完，契丹秘憚山東，未敢南下，車駕宜幸魏州。」 唐主以李崧素與范延光善，召崧謀之。 薛文遇不知而繼至，唐主怒，變色； 崧躡文遇足，文遇乃去。 唐主曰：「我見此物肉顫，適幾欲抽佩刀刺之。」 崧曰：「文遇小人，淺謀國，刺之益丑。」 崧因勸唐主南還，唐主從之。
On jisi Yanlang and Zaiming reached Huai Prefecture. Only then did the Tang emperor learn that the new emperor had taken the throne, and Yang Guangyuan surrendered. The court debated that "the Tianxiong headquarters is still intact, the Khitan secretly fear advancing into Shandong and dare not push south — the imperial carriage should go to Weizhou." As Li Song was on good terms with Fan Yanguang, the Tang emperor summoned Song to discuss the plan. Xue Wenyü arrived next, unaware of what was afoot, and the Tang emperor flew into a rage, his face darkening; Song stepped on Wenyü's foot, and Wenyü withdrew. The Tang emperor said, "When I see that creature my flesh crawls — I was just about to draw my dagger and run him through." Song said, "Wenyü is a petty man who schemed shallowly against the state. Stabbing him would only make matters uglier." Song then urged the Tang emperor to turn south, and the Tang emperor agreed.
48
洛陽聞北軍敗，眾心大震，居人四出，逃竄山谷。 門者請禁之，河南尹雍王重美曰：「國家多難，未能為百姓主，又禁其求生，徒增惡名耳； 不若聽其自便，事寧自還。」 乃出令任從所適，眾心差安。
When Luoyang heard that the northern army had been defeated, panic seized the city. Residents fled in every direction, scattering into the hills and valleys. The gatekeepers asked to stop them. Fan Wang Chongmei, prefect of Henan, said, "The state is in crisis and cannot yet protect its people. To forbid them from saving themselves would only deepen our ill repute; better to let them go where they will. When things settle, they will return on their own." An order was issued allowing people to go wherever they chose, and hearts were somewhat calmed.
49
壬申，唐主還至河陽，命諸將分守南、北城。 張延朗請幸滑州，庶與魏博聲勢相接，唐主不能決。
On renshen the Tang emperor returned to Heyang and ordered his generals to divide and hold the southern and northern cities. Zhang Yanlang urged the court to move to Huazhou so its strength could join Weibo's, but the Tang emperor could not make up his mind.
50
趙德鈞、趙延壽南奔潞州，唐敗兵稍稍從之，其將時賽帥盧龍輕騎東還漁陽。 帝先遣昭義節度使高行周還具食，至城下，見德鈞父子在城上，行周曰：「僕與大王鄉曲，敢不忠告！ 城中無斗粟可寧，不若速迎車駕。」 甲戌，帝與契丹主至潞州，德鈞父子迎謁於高河，契丹主慰諭之，父子拜帝於馬首，進曰：「別後安否？」 帝不顧，亦不與之言。 契丹主謂德鈞曰：「汝在幽州所置銀鞍契丹直何在？」 德鈞指示之，契丹主命盡殺之於西郊，凡三千人。 遂瑣德鈞、延壽，送歸其國。
Zhao Dejun and Zhao Yanshou fled south to Luzhou, and defeated Tang troops gradually joined them. Their general Shi Sai led Lulong light cavalry east back to Fuyang. The emperor first sent Zhaoyi military governor Gao Xingzhou back to prepare provisions. When he reached the walls and saw Dejun and his son on the ramparts, Xingzhou said, "We are from the same home district, my lord — how could I fail to speak plainly! There is not a bushel of grain in the city to sustain you. Better to hurry and welcome the imperial carriage." On jiaxu the emperor and the Khitan ruler reached Luzhou. Dejun and his son welcomed them at Gaohe. The Khitan ruler comforted them, and father and son bowed to the emperor at his horse's head and asked, "Since we parted, have you been well?" The emperor ignored them and would not speak a word. The Khitan ruler said to Dejun, "Where are the Silver-Saddle Khitan guards you posted at Youzhou?" Dejun pointed them out, and the Khitan ruler ordered all three thousand killed in the western suburbs. He then put Dejun and Yanshou in chains and sent them back to Khitan territory.
51
德鈞見述律太后，悉以所賚寶貨並籍其田宅獻之，太后問曰：「汝近者何為往太原？」 德鈞曰：「奉唐主之命。」 太后指天曰：「汝從吾兒求為天子，何亡語邪！」 又自指其心曰：「此不可欺也。」 又曰：「吾兒將行，吾戒之云：趙大王若引兵北向渝關，亟須引歸，太原可救也。 汝欲為天子，何不先擊退吾兒，徐圖亦未晚。 汝為人臣，既負其主，不能擊敵，又欲乘亂邀利，所為如此，何面目復求生乎？」 德鈞俯首不能對。 又問：「器玩在此，田宅何在？」 德鈞曰：「在幽州。」 太后曰：「幽州今屬誰？」 德鈞曰：「屬太后。」 太后曰：「然則又何獻焉？」 德鈞益慚。 自是鬱鬱不多食，逾年而卒。 張礪與延壽俱入契丹，契丹主復以為翰林學士。
Dejun appeared before Empress Dowager Shulü and presented all the treasure he had received, along with a register of his fields and houses. The empress dowager asked, "Why did you go to Taiyuan recently?" Dejun said, "I was acting on the Tang emperor's orders." The empress dowager pointed to heaven and said, "You asked my son to make you emperor — why this empty talk!" Then she pointed to her own heart and said, "This cannot be deceived." She also said, "When my son was about to march, I warned him: 'If Prince Zhao leads troops north toward Yuguan, you must withdraw at once — Taiyuan can still be saved. If you wanted to be emperor, why not first drive my son off and only then plot at leisure? That would not have been too late. You were a subject. You betrayed your lord, failed to strike the enemy, yet hoped to profit from the chaos. Having acted like this, with what face could you still seek to live?" Dejun bowed his head and could not answer. She asked again, "The vessels and curios are here — where are the fields and houses?" Dejun said, "At Youzhou." The empress dowager said, "Youzhou belongs to whom now?" Dejun said, "To Your Majesty." The empress dowager said, "Then what is there to present?" Dejun grew all the more ashamed. From then on he sank into gloom and ate little. After more than a year he died. Zhang Li and Yanshou both entered Khitan territory, and the Khitan ruler again made Li a Hanlin academician.
52
帝將發上黨，契丹主舉酒屬帝曰：「余遠來徇義，今大事已成，我若南向，河南之人必大驚核； 汝宜自引漢兵南下，人必不甚懼。 我令太相溫將五千騎衛送汝至河梁，欲與之渡河者多少隨意，余且留此，俟汝音聞，有急則下山救汝。 若洛陽既定，吾即北返矣。」 與帝執手相泣，久之不能別，解白貂裘以衣帝，贈良馬二十匹，戰馬千二百匹，曰：「世世子孫勿相忘！」 又曰：「劉知遠、趙瑩、桑維翰皆創業功臣，無大故，勿棄也。」
As the emperor prepared to leave Shangdang, the Khitan ruler raised his cup and addressed him: "I came from afar to serve righteousness, and now the great affair is done. If I march south, the people of Henan will be terrified; you should lead Han troops south yourself. The people will not be so afraid. I will have Grand Chancellor Wen lead five thousand horsemen to escort you to Heliang. As many as wish to cross the river with you may do so. I shall stay here and wait for word from you, and if you are in danger I will come down from the mountains to save you. Once Luoyang is secure, I shall return north at once." He took the emperor's hand and they wept together, unable to part for a long while. He removed his white sable coat and put it on the emperor, gave him twenty fine horses and twelve hundred war horses, and said, "Generation after generation — let our descendants never forget one another!" He also said, "Liu Zhiyuan, Zhao Ying, and Sang Weihan are all founders of your enterprise. Unless there is grave cause, do not cast them aside."
53
初，張敬達既出師，唐主遣左金吾大將軍歷山高漢筠守晉州。 敬達死，建雄節度使田承肇帥眾攻漢筠於府署，漢筠開門延承肇入，從容謂曰：「僕與公俱受朝寄，何相迫如此？」 承肇曰：「欲奉公為節度使。」 漢筠曰：「僕老矣，義不為亂首，死生惟公所處。」 承肇目左右欲殺之，軍士投刃於地曰：「高金吾累朝宿德，奈何害之！」 承肇乃謝曰：「與公戲耳。」 聽漢筠歸洛陽。 帝遇諸塗，曰：「朕憂卿為亂兵所傷，今見卿甚喜。」
Earlier, after Zhang Jingda had marched out, the Tang emperor sent Left Golden Guard senior general Gao Hanyun of Lishan to hold Jin Prefecture. After Jingda died, Jianxiong military governor Tian Chengzhao led troops to attack Hanyun at the headquarters. Hanyun opened the gate and admitted Chengzhao, then said calmly, "You and I alike bear the court's commission — why press me so hard?" Chengzhao said, "I mean to install you as military governor." Hanyun said, "I am old. By principle I will not lead a rebellion — life and death are yours to decide." Chengzhao signaled his attendants to kill him, but the soldiers cast their blades to the ground and cried, "Commander Gao of the Golden Guard is honored through many reigns — how could we harm him!" Chengzhao then apologized, "I was only jesting with you." He allowed Hanyun to return to Luoyang. The emperor met him on the road and said, "I feared you might be harmed by mutinous troops. To see you now fills me with joy."
54
符彥饒、張彥琪至河陽，密言於唐主曰：「今胡兵大下，河水復淺，人心已離，此不可守。」 丁丑，唐主命河陽節度使萇從簡與趙州刺史劉在明守河陽南城，遂斷浮梁，歸洛陽。 遣宦者秦繼旻、皇城使李彥紳殺昭信節度使李贊華於其第。
Fu Yanrao and Zhang Yanqi reached Heyang and said secretly to the Tang emperor, "Barbarian troops are descending in force, the river is shallow again, and hearts have already turned away. This place cannot be held." On dingchou the Tang emperor ordered Heyang military governor Chang Congjian and Zhao Prefecture prefect Liu Zaiming to hold the southern city of Heyang, then cut the pontoon bridge and returned to Luoyang. He sent eunuchs Qin Jimin and Li Yanshen, commissioner of the Imperial City, to kill Zhaoxin military governor Li Zanhua at his residence.
55
己卯，帝至河陽，萇從簡迎降，舟楫已具。 彰聖軍執劉在明以降，帝釋之，使復其所。
On jimao the emperor reached Heyang. Chang Congjian came out to surrender, and boats were already prepared. The Zhangsheng army seized Liu Zaiming and brought him over. The emperor released him and restored him to his post.
56
唐主命馬軍都指揮使宋審虔、步軍都指揮使符彥饒、河陽節度使張彥琪、宣徽南院使劉延朗將千餘騎至白馬阪行戰地，有五十餘騎渡河奔於北軍。 諸將謂審虔曰：「何地不可戰，誰肯立於此？」 乃還。 庚辰，唐主又與四將議復向河陽，而將校皆已飛狀迎帝。 帝慮唐主西奔，遣契丹千騎扼澠池。 辛巳，唐主與曹太后、劉皇后、雍王重美及宋審虔等攜傳國寶登玄武樓自焚，皇后積薪欲燒宮室，重美諫曰：「新天子至，必不露居，他日重勞民力； 死而遺怨，將安用之！」 乃止。 王淑妃謂太后曰：「事急矣，宜且避匿，以俟姑夫。」 太后曰：「吾子孫婦女一朝至此，何忍獨生！ 妹自勉之。」 淑妃乃與許王從益匿於球場，獲免。 是日晚，帝入洛陽，止於舊第。 唐兵皆解甲待罪，帝慰而釋之。 帝命劉知遠部署京城，知遠分漢軍使還營，館契丹於天宮寺，城中肅然，無敢犯令。 士民避亂竄匿者，數日皆還復業。
The Tang emperor ordered horse army commander Song Shenqian, foot army commander Fu Yanrao, Heyang military governor Zhang Yanqi, and southern commissioner of the Palace Directorate Liu Yanlang to lead more than a thousand horsemen to Baima Slope to reconnoiter the battlefield. More than fifty horsemen crossed the river and fled to the northern army. The generals said to Shenqian, "Where could one not fight — who would stand here?" They then turned back. On gengchen the Tang emperor again discussed with the four generals returning toward Heyang, but officers and soldiers had already sent urgent messages welcoming the new emperor. Fearing the Tang emperor would flee west, the emperor sent a thousand Khitan horsemen to hold Mianchi. On xinsi the Tang emperor, with Empress Dowager Cao, Empress Liu, Prince of Yong Chongmei, and Song Shenqian and others, took the imperial seals and ascended the Xuanwu Tower to burn themselves. The empress piled firewood intending to burn the palace halls. Chongmei remonstrated, "When the new Son of Heaven arrives, he will surely not live exposed to the weather. To burn the halls would later exhaust the people's strength again; to die and leave behind resentment — what use is that!" They then stopped. Consort Wang Shufei said to the empress dowager, "The matter is urgent. You ought to hide for now and await your brother-in-law." The empress dowager said, "My sons, grandchildren, and daughters-in-law have come to this in a single morning — how could I bear to live alone! Sister, take heart." Shufei then hid with Prince Xu Congyi in the ball ground and escaped harm. That same evening the emperor entered Luoyang and lodged at his old residence. Tang troops all doffed their armor to await punishment. The emperor comforted them and released them. The emperor ordered Liu Zhiyuan to secure the capital. Zhiyuan sent Han troops back to their camps and quartered the Khitan at Tiangong Temple. The city was orderly, and none dared break the rules. Officials and commoners who had fled and hidden from the turmoil all returned within days to resume their livelihoods.
57
初，帝在河東，為唐朝所忌，中書侍郎、同平章事、判三司張延朗不欲河東多蓄積，凡財賦應留使之外盡收取之，帝以是恨之。 壬午，百官入見，獨收延朗付御史台，餘皆謝恩。 甲申，車駕入宮，大赦：「應中外官吏一切不問，惟賊臣張延朗、劉延皓、劉延朗奸邪貪猥，罪難容貸； 中書侍郎、平章事馬胤孫、樞密使房暠、宣徽使李專美、河中節度使韓昭胤等，雖居重位，不務詭隨，並釋罪除名； 中外臣僚先歸順者，委中書門下別加任使。」 劉延皓匿於成門，數日，自經死。 劉延朗將奔南山，捕得，殺之。 斬張延朗； 既而選三司使，難其人，帝甚悔之。
Earlier, while the emperor was in Hedong the Tang court viewed him with suspicion. Secretariat vice director, chief minister, and acting Three Commissions director Zhang Yanlang did not want Hedong to build up reserves, and beyond what the military governor was allowed to keep he seized all revenue and supplies. The emperor therefore hated him. On renwu the officials entered audience. Yanlang alone was seized and handed over to the Censorate, while all the rest expressed their gratitude. On jiashen the imperial carriage entered the palace and issued a grand amnesty: "All officials within and without shall be questioned on nothing — only the treacherous ministers Zhang Yanlang, Liu Yanhao, and Liu Yanlang, wicked, greedy, and base, whose crimes cannot be pardoned; Secretariat vice director and chief minister Ma Yinsun, Privy Council commissioner Fang Hao, Palace Directorate commissioner Li Zhuanmei, Hezhong military governor Han Zhaoyin, and others, though they held high rank, did not practice deceitful compliance — all are released from guilt and removed from office; officials within and without who submitted first shall be entrusted to the Secretariat and Chancellery for separate appointment." Liu Yanhao hid at Chen Gate. After several days he hanged himself. Liu Yanlang was about to flee to South Mountain. Captured, he was executed. Zhang Yanlang was beheaded; Later, when choosing a Three Commissions director, no suitable man could be found, and the emperor deeply regretted it.
58
閩人聞唐主之亡，歎曰：「潞王之罪，天下未之聞也，將如吾君何！」
When the people of Min heard of the Tang ruler's death, they sighed, "The Prince of Lu's crime — the realm has not heard of it. What will become of our lord!"
59
十二月，乙酉朔，帝如河陽，餞太相溫及契丹兵歸國。
In the twelfth month, on the first day yiyou, the emperor went to Heyang to give a farewell banquet for Grand Chancellor Wen and the Khitan troops returning home.
60
追廢唐主為庶人。
The Tang emperor was posthumously deposed and reduced to commoner status.
61
丁亥，以馮道兼門下侍郎、同平章事。
On dinghai Feng Dao was additionally made vice director of the Chancellery and chief minister.
62
曹州刺史鄭阮貪暴，指揮使石重立因亂殺之，族其家。
Cao Prefecture prefect Zheng Ruan was greedy and cruel. Commander Shi Chongli took advantage of the chaos to kill him and exterminated his clan.
63
辛卯，以唐中書侍郎姚顗為刑部尚書。
On xinmao Tang Secretariat vice director Yao Yi was made vice minister of Justice.
64
初，朔方節度使張希崇為政有威信，民夷愛之，興屯田以省漕運； 在鎮五年，求內徙，唐潞王以為靜難節度使。 帝與契丹修好，恐其復取靈武，癸巳，復以希崇為朔方節度使。
Earlier, Shuofang military governor Zhang Xichong governed with authority and trust, and Han and non-Han alike loved him. He established military colonies to economize on canal transport; after five years in the command he sought transfer inward, and the Tang Prince of Lu made him Jingnan military governor. The emperor made peace with the Khitan and feared they might retake Lingwu. On guisi he again made Xichong Shuofang military governor.
65
初，成德節度使董溫琪貪暴，積貨巨萬，以牙內都虞侯平山秘瓊為腹心。 溫琪與趙德鈞俱沒於契丹，瓊盡殺溫琪家人，瘞於一坎，而取其貨，自稱留後，表稱軍亂。
Earlier, Chengde military governor Dong Wenqi was greedy and cruel and amassed goods worth tens of thousands. He took intramural deputy chief commander Pingshan Mi Qiong as his trusted confidant. Wenqi perished in Khitan hands together with Zhao Dejun. Qiong killed all of Wenqi's family, buried them in a single pit, seized his goods, declared himself acting governor, and memorialized that there had been a military mutiny.
66
同州小校門鐸殺節度使楊漢賓，焚掠州城。
Tong Prefecture junior officer Men Duo killed military governor Yang Hanbin and burned and plundered the prefectural city.
67
詔贈李贊華燕王，遣使送其喪歸國。
An edict posthumously enfeoffed Li Zanhua as Prince of Yan and sent an envoy to return his coffin to Khitan territory.
68
張朗將其眾入朝。
Zhang Lang led his troops to present themselves at court.
69
庚子，以唐中書侍郎、同平章事盧文紀為吏部尚書。 以皇城使晉陽周瑰為大將軍、充三司使； 瑰辭曰：「臣自知才不稱職，寧以避事見棄，猶勝冒寵獲辜。」 帝許之。
On gengzi, Lu Wenji of Tang, former vice director of the Secretariat and co-director of the Secretariat-Chancellery, was appointed minister of Personnel. Zhou Gui of Jinyang, imperial city commissioner, was made grand general and acting commissioner of the Three Commissions; Gui declined, saying, "I know my talent does not match the post. I would rather be cast aside for shirking duty than accept favor and incur guilt." The emperor agreed.
70
帝聞平盧節度使房知溫卒，遣天平節度使王建立將兵巡撫青州。
When the emperor heard that Fang Zhiwen, military governor of Pinglu, had died, he sent Wang Jianli, military governor of Tianping, with troops to pacify Qingzhou.
71
改興唐府曰廣晉府。
Xingtang Prefecture was renamed Guangjin Prefecture.
72
安遠節度使盧文進聞帝為契丹所立，自以本契丹叛將，辛丑，棄鎮奔吳。 所過鎮戍，召其主將，告之故，皆拜辭而退。
Lu Wenjin, military governor of Anyuan, heard the emperor had been installed by the Khitan. As a former Khitan defector himself, on xinchou he abandoned his post and fled to Wu. At every garrison he passed, he summoned the commander, explained his reasons, and each bowed, took leave, and let him go.
73
徐知誥以荊南節度使、太尉兼中書令李德誠、德勝節度使兼中書令周本位望隆重，欲使之帥眾推戴，本曰：「我受先王大恩，自徐溫父子用事，恨不能救楊氏之危，又使我為此，可乎！」 其子弘祚強之，不得已與德誠帥諸將詣江都表吳主，陳知誥功德，請行冊命； 又詣金陵勸進。 宋齊丘謂德誠之子建勳曰：「尊公，太祖元勳，今日掃地矣。」 於是吳宮多妖，吳主曰：「吳祚其終乎！」 左右曰：「此乃天意，非人事也。」 高麗王建用兵擊破新羅、百濟，於是東夷諸國皆附之，有二京、六府、九節度、百二十郡。
Xu Zhigao wished Li Decheng, military governor of Jingnan, Grand Marshal and concurrently director of the Secretariat, and Zhou Ben, military governor of Desheng and concurrently director of the Secretariat — both men of great standing — to lead the court in urging his elevation. Ben said, "I received great favor from the former king. Since the Xu Wen father and son held power, I have regretted that I could not save the Yang house in its peril. And now you would have me do this. How can that be fitting!" His son Hongzuo pressed him until he could not refuse. He joined Decheng in leading the generals to Jiangdu to memorialize the Wu ruler, set forth Zhigao's merits, and request investiture; they also went to Jinling to urge Zhigao to take the throne. Song Qiqiu said to Decheng's son Jianxun, "Your honored father, a founding meritocrat of the Taizu, is today brought low." Many portents then appeared in the Wu palace. The Wu ruler said, "Is the fate of Wu at its end!" Those at his side said, "This is Heaven's intent, not human affairs." Wang Jian of Goryeo used troops to defeat Silla and Baekje, whereupon all the eastern Yi states submitted to him. His realm had two capitals, six prefectures, nine military commissions, and one hundred twenty commanderies.