1
資治通鑑第281卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 281.
2
【後晉紀二】起強圉作噩，盡著雍閹茂，凡二年。
[Later Jin Annals 2] From Qiangyu Zuo'e through Zhuyong Xianmao—two years in all.
3
高祖聖文章武明德孝皇帝上之下天福二年（ 丁酉，公元九三七年）
Gaozu the Sagely Literary Martial Virtuous Filial Emperor, Part Two Below—Tianfu year 2 ( dingyou, AD 937)
4
春，正月，乙卯，日有食之。
In spring, the first month, on the day yimao, the sun was eclipsed.
5
詔以前北面招收指揮使安重榮為成德節度使，以秘瓊為齊州防禦使。 遣引進使王景崇諭瓊以利害。 重榮與契丹將趙思溫偕如鎮州，瓊不敢拒命。 丙辰，重榮奏已視事。 景崇，邢州人也。
The court appointed An Chongrong, former commander of the Northern Face recruitment forces, military governor of Chengde, and made Mi Qiong defense commissioner of Qizhou. It dispatched Reception Commissioner Wang Jingchong to lay out the stakes for Qiong. Chongrong traveled to Zhenzhou alongside the Khitan general Zhao Siwen, and Qiong dared not defy the appointment. On bingchen, Chongrong reported that he had taken up his post. Jingchong came from Xingzhou.
6
契丹以幽州為南京。
The Khitan designated Youzhou as their Southern Capital.
7
李崧、呂琦逃匿於伊闕民間。 帝以始鎮河東，崧有力焉，德之； 亦不責琦。 乙丑，以琦為秘書監； 丙寅，以崧為兵部侍郎、判戶部。
Li Song and Lü Qi went into hiding among the common people of Yique. The emperor remembered that Song had helped him greatly when he first secured Hedong, and he held him in esteem; nor did he blame Qi. On yichou, Qi was appointed director of the Secretariat; on bingyin, Song was made vice minister of war with concurrent charge of the Ministry of Revenue.
8
初，天雄節度使兼中書令范延光微時，有術士張生語之云：「必為將相。」 延光既貴，信重之。 延光嘗夢蛇自臍入腹，以問張生，張生曰：「蛇者龍也，帝王之兆。」 延光由是有非望之志。 唐潞王素與延光善，及趙德鈞敗，延光自遼州引兵還魏州，雖奉表請降，內不自安，以書潛結秘瓊，欲與之為亂。 瓊受其書不報，延光恨之。 瓊將之齊，過魏境，延光欲滅口，且利其貨，遣兵邀之於夏津，殺之。 丁卯，延光奏稱夏津捕盜兵誤殺瓊； 帝不問。
Earlier, when Fan Yanguang—later military governor of Tianxiong and chief councilor—was still obscure, a diviner named Zhang told him, "You are destined for high command and high office." Once Yanguang had risen to power, he trusted Zhang implicitly. Yanguang once dreamed of a serpent entering his belly through the navel. When he asked Zhang about it, Zhang said, "A serpent is a dragon in disguise—an omen of kingship." From that dream Yanguang began to nurse ambitions beyond his station. The Tang Prince of Lu had long been friendly with Yanguang. After Zhao Dejun's defeat, Yanguang withdrew from Liaozhou to Weizhou. Though he formally submitted and asked to surrender, he was uneasy at heart and secretly wrote to Mi Qiong, hoping to draw him into a revolt. Qiong received the letter but never answered, and Yanguang came to hate him. As Qiong was setting out for Qi, his route took him through Wei's territory. Yanguang wanted him dead both to silence him and to seize his goods, so he sent troops to ambush him at Xiajin and killed him. On dingmao, Yanguang reported that troops hunting bandits at Xiajin had killed Qiong by mistake; the emperor let the matter drop.
9
戊寅，以李崧為中書侍郎、同平章事，充樞密使，桑維翰兼樞密使。 時晉新得天下，籓鎮多未服從； 或雖服從，反仄不安。 兵火之餘，府庫殫竭，民間困窮，而契丹徵求無厭。 維翰勸帝推誠棄怨以撫籓鎮，卑辭厚禮以奉契丹，訓卒繕兵以修武備，務農桑以實倉廩，通商賈以豐貨財。 數年之間，中國稍安。
On wuyin, Li Song was appointed vice director of the Secretariat, associate chief councilor, and chief privy councilor, while Sang Weihan received a concurrent appointment as privy councilor. Jin had only lately taken the realm, and many military governors had yet to submit; while even those who had submitted remained restless and uneasy. The fires of war had emptied the treasuries and left the people in want, even as Khitan exactions knew no end. Weihan urged the emperor to win the military governors with sincerity and by laying old grievances aside, to placate the Khitan with humble words and lavish gifts, to drill the army and repair arms, to promote farming and sericulture so the granaries would fill again, and to encourage trade so wealth would return. Within a few years the heartland grew somewhat calm again.
10
吳太子璉納齊王知誥女為妃。 知誥始建太廟、社稷，改金陵為江寧府，牙城曰宮城，廳堂曰殿； 以左、右司馬宋齊丘、徐玠為左、右丞相，馬步判官周宗、內樞判官黟人周廷玉為內樞使。 自餘百官皆如吳朝之制。 置騎兵八軍，步兵九軍。
Wu Crown Prince Bian married a daughter of Prince of Qi Zhigao. Zhigao founded the Grand Ancestral Temple and the altars of soil and grain, renamed Jinling Jiangning Prefecture, styled the barracks city a palace city and its main halls palaces; he appointed marshals Song Qiuqiu and Xu Jie left and right chief ministers, and made cavalry-and-infantry judge Zhou Zong and inner-pivot judge Zhou Tingyu of Yi county inner-pivot commissioners. All other offices followed Wu court precedent. He organized eight cavalry armies and nine infantry armies.
11
二月，吳主以盧文進為宣武節度使，兼侍中。
In the second month, the Wu ruler appointed Lu Wenjin military governor of Xuanwu with the concurrent title of palace attendant.
12
戊子，吳主使宜陽王璪如西都，冊命齊王； 王受冊，赦境內。 冊王妃曰王后。
On wuzi, the Wu ruler sent Prince Yiyang Bian to the Western Capital to invest the Prince of Qi; the prince accepted the investiture and proclaimed an amnesty throughout his domain. His consort was invested as queen.
13
吳越王元瓘之弟順化節度使、同平章事元珦獲罪於元瓘，廢為庶人。
Yuan Xun, younger brother of Wuyue King Yuan Qian and military governor of Shunhua with the title of associate chief councilor, fell foul of Yuan Qian and was reduced to commoner status.
14
契丹主自上黨歸，過雲州，大同節度使沙彥珣出迎，契丹主留之，不使還鎮。 節度判官吳巒在城中，謂其眾曰：「吾屬禮義之俗，安可臣於夷狄乎！」 眾推巒領州事，閉城不受契丹之命，契丹攻之，不克。 應州馬軍都指揮使金城郭崇威亦恥臣契丹，挺身南歸。 契丹主過新州，命威塞節度使翟璋斂犒軍錢十萬緡。 初，契丹主阿保機強盛，室韋、奚、霫皆役屬焉，奚王去諸苦契丹貪虐，帥其眾西徙媯州，依劉仁恭父子，號西奚。 去諸卒，子掃刺立。 唐莊宗滅劉守光，賜掃刺姓李名紹威。 紹威娶契丹逐不魯之姊。 逐不魯獲罪於契丹，奔紹威，紹威納之； 契丹怒，攻之，不克。 紹威卒，子拽剌立。 及契丹主德光自上黨北還，拽剌迎降，時逐不魯亦卒，契丹主曰：「汝誠無罪，掃剌、逐不魯負我。」 皆命發其骨，磑而揚之。 諸奚畏契丹之虐，多逃叛。 契丹主勞翟璋曰：「當為汝除代，令汝南歸。」 己亥，璋表乞征詣闕。 既而契丹遣璋將兵討叛奚、攻雲州，有功，留不遣璋，璋鬱鬱而卒。 張礪自契丹逃歸，為追騎所獲，契丹主責之曰：「何故捨我去？」 對曰：「臣華人，飲食衣服皆不與此同，生不如死，願早就戮。」 契丹主顧通事高彥英曰：「吾常戒汝善遇此人，何故使之失所而亡去？ 若失之，安可復得邪！」 笞彥英而謝礪。 礪事契丹主甚忠直，遇事輒言，無所隱避，契丹主甚重之。
The Khitan ruler was returning from Shangdang when he passed Yunzhou. Datong military governor Sha Yanxun came out to welcome him, but the Khitan ruler detained him and would not let him return to his command. Military governor's aide Wu Luan was still in the city. He told the troops, "We are people of ritual and righteousness—how can we bow to barbarians!" The troops pressed Luan to take charge of the prefecture. They shut the gates, refused Khitan orders, and when the Khitan attacked they could not take the city. Guo Chongwei of Jincheng, cavalry commander at Yingzhou, was likewise ashamed to serve the Khitan and made his way south on his own. Passing Xinzhou, the Khitan ruler ordered Weisai military governor Zhai Zhang to levy one hundred thousand strings in cash to reward his troops. In earlier days, when Khitan ruler Abaoji grew powerful, the Shiwei, Xi, and Mohe all fell under his sway. Xi king Quzhu, weary of Khitan greed and cruelty, led his people west to Gui Prefecture to shelter under Liu Rengong and his sons, and they came to be called the Western Xi. When Quzhu died, his son Saoci succeeded him. After Tang Emperor Zhuangzong destroyed Liu Shouguang, he granted Saoci the surname Li and the name Shaowei. Shaowei married the elder sister of the Khitan Zhubulu. Zhubulu fell out with the Khitan and fled to Shaowei, who gave him refuge; the Khitan attacked in anger but could not prevail. When Shaowei died, his son Zhuaici succeeded him. When Khitan ruler Deguang was returning north from Shangdang, Zhuaici came out to surrender. Zhubulu had died by then as well. The Khitan ruler said, "You are innocent; it was Saoci and Zhubulu who wronged me." He ordered both men's bones dug up, ground to powder, and scattered to the winds. Fearing Khitan cruelty, many Xi bands fled or rebelled. The Khitan ruler reassured Zhai Zhang: "I will clear Dai for you and send you home to the south." On jihai, Zhang memorialized asking leave to come to court. Soon afterward the Khitan sent Zhang to suppress rebellious Xi and attack Yunzhou. He performed well, but they kept him from returning and he died in dejection. Zhang Li fled the Khitan to return home but was caught by pursuing horsemen. The Khitan ruler rebuked him: "Why did you leave me?" He replied, "I am a Chinese. Food, drink, and clothing here are nothing like ours—life is worse than death. I beg you to kill me quickly." The Khitan ruler turned to interpreter Gao Yanying. "I have often told you to treat this man well—why did you let him lose his footing and run away? Once you lose a man like that, how can you get him back!" He had Yanying flogged and apologized to Li. Li served the Khitan ruler with blunt loyalty, speaking his mind on every matter without holding back, and the Khitan ruler held him in high regard.
15
初，吳越王鏐少子元㺷數有軍功，鏐賜之兵仗。 及吳越王元瓘立，元珪為土客馬步軍都指揮使、靜江節度使，兼中書令，恃恩驕橫，增置兵仗至數千，國人多附之。 元瓘忌之，使人諷元珪請輸兵仗，出判溫州，元珪不從。 銅官廟吏告元瓘遣親信禱神，求主吳越江山； 又為蠟丸從水竇出入，與兄元珦謀議。 三月，戊午，元瓘遣使者召元㺷宴宮中，既至，左右稱元珪有刃墜於懷袖，即格殺之； 並殺元珦。 元瓘欲按諸將吏與元珦、元珪交通者，其子仁俊諫曰：「昔光武克王郎，曹公破袁紹，皆焚其書疏以安反側，今宜效之。」 元瓘從之。
Earlier, Qian Liu's youngest son Yuan Huang had won distinction in battle, and Liu had bestowed arms upon him. When Wuyue King Yuan Qian succeeded, Yuan Gui became commander of native and guest forces and military governor of Jingjiang with the concurrent title of chief councilor. Relying on imperial favor, he grew arrogant, built his arsenal to several thousand weapons, and many in the kingdom rallied to him. Yuan Qian grew wary of him and sent envoys to suggest that Gui surrender his arms and take a posting at Wenzhou. Gui refused. A clerk at the Tongguan Temple reported that Yuan Qian had sent trusted men to pray for rule over all Wuyue; and that wax pellets were passed through a water conduit to plot with his elder brother Yuan Xun. In the third month, on wuwu, Yuan Qian summoned Yuan Huang to a palace feast. Once he arrived, attendants claimed a blade had fallen from Gui's sleeve, and he was killed on the spot; Yuan Xun was killed as well. Yuan Qian wanted to investigate every general and official who had dealt with Yuan Xun and Yuan Gui. His son Renjun remonstrated: "When Emperor Guangwu overcame Wang Lang and Lord Cao defeated Yuan Shao, each burned the correspondence to reassure the wavering. We should do the same." Yuan Qian took his advice.
16
或得唐潞王膂及髀骨獻之，庚申，詔以王禮葬於徽陵南。
Someone presented the upper arm and thigh bones of the Tang Prince of Lu. On gengshen, an edict ordered them buried south of Huiling with princely honors.
17
帝遣使詣蜀告即位，且敘姻好； 蜀主復書，用敵國禮。
The emperor sent envoys to Shu to announce his accession and renew marriage ties; the Shu ruler replied in the forms due between equal states.
18
范延光聚卒繕兵，悉召巡內刺史集魏州，將作亂。 會帝謀徙都大梁，桑維翰曰：「大梁北控燕、趙，南通江、淮，水陸都會，資用富饒。 今延光反形已露，大梁距魏不過十驛，彼若有變，大軍尋至，所謂疾雷不及掩耳也。」 丙寅，下詔，托以洛陽漕運有闕，東巡汴州。
Fan Yanguang gathered troops, repaired arms, summoned every inspector in his circuit to Weizhou, and was preparing to rebel. Just then the emperor was planning to move the capital to Daliang. Sang Weihan said, "Daliang commands Yan and Zhao to the north and opens on the Yangzi and Huai to the south. It is a hub by land and water, rich in supplies. Yanguang's rebellion is already plain. Daliang lies only ten post-stages from Wei—if he moves, a great army can be there in no time. As the saying goes, thunder gives no time to cover the ears." On bingyin, the court issued an edict citing shortfalls in Luoyang's grain transport and announcing an eastern tour to Bianzhou.
19
吳徐知誥立子景通為王太子，固辭不受。 追尊考忠武王溫曰太祖武王，妣明德太妃李氏曰王太后。 壬申，更名誥。
Xu Zhigao of Wu named his son Jingtong royal heir apparent, but the son firmly declined. He posthumously honored his father Loyal Martial King Wen as Grand Ancestor Martial King and his mother Virtuous and Bright Grand Consort Lady Li as royal empress dowager. On renshen, he changed his personal name to Gao.
20
庚辰，帝發洛陽，留前朔方節度使張從賓為東都巡檢使。
On gengchen, the emperor left Luoyang and left former Shuofang military governor Zhang Congbin as eastern capital inspection commissioner.
21
漢主以疾愈，大赦。
The Han ruler, recovered from illness, proclaimed a general amnesty.
22
交州將皎公羨殺安南節度使楊廷藝而代之。
The Jiaozhou general Jiao Gongxian killed Annan military governor Yang Tingyi and took his place.
23
夏，四月，丙戌，帝至汴州； 丁亥，大赦。
In summer, the fourth month, on bingxu, the emperor reached Bianzhou; on dinghai, he proclaimed a general amnesty.
24
吳越王元瓘復建國，如同光故事。 丙申，赦境內，立其子弘僔為世子。 以曹仲達、沈崧、皮光業為丞相，鎮海節度判官林鼎掌教令。
Wuyue King Yuan Qian restored his kingdom on the Tongguang precedent. On bingshen, he proclaimed an amnesty throughout his domain and named his son Hongpu heir apparent. He appointed Cao Zhongda, Shen Song, and Pi Guangye chief ministers, and made Zhenhai military governor's aide Lin Ding overseer of edicts and orders.
25
丁酉，加宣武節度使楊光遠兼侍中。
On dingyou, Xuanwu military governor Yang Guangyuan was given the concurrent title of palace attendant.
26
閩主作紫微宮，飾以水晶，土木之盛倍於寶皇宮。 又遣使散詣諸州，伺人隱慝。
The Min ruler built the Purple Forbidden Palace, adorned with crystal, and its timber-and-earthworks surpassed the Precious Imperial Palace twofold. He also sent agents throughout the prefectures to ferret out hidden wrongdoing.
27
五月，吳徐誥用宋齊丘策，欲結契丹以取中國，遣使以美女、珍玩泛海修好，契丹主亦遣使報之。
In the fifth month, Xu Gao of Wu, following Song Qiuqiu's counsel, sought an alliance with the Khitan to seize the Central Realm. He sent envoys across the sea with beautiful women and rare treasures to open friendly relations, and the Khitan ruler sent envoys in reply.
28
丙辰，敕權署汴州牙城曰大寧宮。
On bingchen, an edict provisionally styled the Bianzhou barracks city the Great Tranquility Palace.
29
壬申，進范延光爵臨清郡王，以安其意。
On renshen, Fan Yanguang was raised to Prince of Linqing Commandery to reassure him.
30
追尊四代考妣為帝后。 己卯，詔太社所藏唐室罪人首聽親舊收葬。 初，武衛上將軍婁繼英嘗事梁均王，為內諸司使，至是，請其首而葬之。
Four generations of forebears were posthumously honored as emperor and empress. On jimao, an edict allowed kin and friends to retrieve and bury the heads of Tang criminals kept in the Grand Ancestral Temple. Earlier, Lou Jiying, Guard General of the Right Wuwei, had once served Prince Jun of Liang as director of the inner bureaus; now he asked for the prince's head and gave it burial.
31
六月，吳諸道副都統徐景遷卒。
In the sixth month, Xu Jingqian, deputy overall commander of all Wu circuits, died.
32
范延光素以軍府之政委元隨左都押牙孫銳，銳恃恩專橫，符奏有不如意者，對延光手裂之。 會延光病經旬，銳密召澶州刺史馮暉，與之合謀逼延光反； 延光亦思張生之言，遂從之。 甲午，六宅使張言奉使魏州還，言延光反狀； 義成節度使符彥饒奏延光遣兵渡河，焚草市； 詔侍衛馬軍都指揮使、昭信節度使白奉進將千五百騎屯白馬津以備之。 奉進，雲州人也。 丁酉，以東都巡檢使張從賓為魏府西南面都部署。 戊戌，遣侍衛都軍使楊光遠將步騎一萬屯滑州。 己亥，遣護聖都指揮使杜重威將兵屯衛州。 重威，朔州人也，尚帝妹樂平長公主。 范延光以馮暉為都部署，孫銳為兵馬都監，將步騎二萬循河西抵黎陽口。 辛丑，楊光遠奏引兵逾胡梁渡。
Fan Yanguang had long delegated commission business to Yuan Sui and Sun Rui, his left chief adjutant. Sun Rui traded on imperial favor and ran roughshod over others; whenever a dispatch or memorial displeased him, he tore it up in Yanguang's presence. When Yanguang fell ill for ten days, Rui secretly summoned Feng Hui, governor of Chan Prefecture, and together they plotted to compel Yanguang to rebel; Yanguang, remembering the diviner Zhang's prophecy, agreed to join them. On jiawu, Zhang Yan of the Six Residences, back from a mission to Weizhou, reported that Yanguang had rebelled; Fu Yanrao, governor of Yicheng, reported that Yanguang had sent troops across the Yellow River and burned the riverside markets; The emperor ordered Bai Fengjin, commander of the palace horse guard and governor of Zhaoxin, to take fifteen hundred cavalry to Baima Ford in readiness. Fengjin was a native of Yun Prefecture. On dingyou, Zhang Congbin, the eastern capital inspection commissioner, was made overall commander on the southwestern front against Wei. On wuxu, Yang Guangyuan, commander of the palace guard, was sent with ten thousand foot and horse to garrison Huazhou. On jihai, Du Chongwei, commander of the Protective Sage guard, was sent to garrison Weizhou with his troops. Chongwei was from Shuo Prefecture and had married the emperor's sister, the Princess of Chang of Leping. Fan Yanguang made Feng Hui his overall commander and Sun Rui overseer of troops and horses, then marched twenty thousand men along the west bank of the Yellow River to Liyang Pass. On xinchou, Yang Guangyuan reported that he had crossed Huliang Ford with his army.
33
以翰林學士、禮部侍郎和凝為端明殿學士。 凝署其門，不通賓客。 前耀州團練推官襄邑張誼致書於凝，以為「切近之職為天子耳目，宜知四方利病，奈何拒絕賓客！ 雖安身為便，如負國何！」 凝奇之，薦於桑維翰，未幾，除左拾遺。 誼上言：「北狄有援立之功，宜外敦信好，內謹邊備，不可自逸，以啟戎心。」 帝深然之。
He Ning, Hanlin academician and vice minister of rites, was appointed to the Duanming Hall. Ning posted a notice on his gate and refused all visitors. Zhang Yi of Xiangyi, formerly an investigating officer under Yao Prefecture's training commissioner, wrote to Ning: "A post this close to the throne is the emperor's eyes and ears; you ought to hear what helps and harms the realm from every quarter—yet you shut your door to callers! Personal comfort is one thing, but what of your duty to the realm!" Ning was impressed, recommended him to Sang Weihan, and before long Zhang Yi was appointed Left Remonstrance Official. Yi submitted a memorial: "The Khitans helped us to the throne; we should treat them with outward cordiality while tightening our frontier defenses inwardly. We must not grow complacent and give them reason to covet our lands." The emperor wholeheartedly agreed.
34
契丹攻雲州，半歲不能下。 吳巒遣使間道奉表求救，帝為之致書契丹主請之，契丹主乃命翟璋解圍去。 帝召巒歸，以為武寧節度副使。
The Khitans besieged Yun Prefecture for half a year without success. Wu Luan sent an envoy by a secret route with a plea for help; the emperor wrote to the Khitan ruler on his behalf, and the Khitan ruler ordered Zhai Zhang to raise the siege and withdraw. The emperor recalled Luan and made him deputy governor of Wuning.
35
丁未，以侍衛使光遠為魏府四面都部署，張從賓為副部署兼諸軍都虞侯，昭義節度使高行周將本軍屯相州，為魏府西面都部署。 軍士郭威舊隸劉知遠，當從楊光遠北征，白知遠乞留。 人問其故，威曰：「楊公有奸詐之才，無英雄之氣，得我何用？ 能用我者其劉公乎！」
On dingwei, Yang Guangyuan was made overall commander on all four sides of the Wei front; Zhang Congbin was his deputy and chief controller of all armies; Gao Xingzhou, governor of Zhaoyi, took his own troops to Xiang Prefecture as western commander against Wei. The soldier Guo Wei had once served under Liu Zhiyuan; assigned to Yang Guangyuan's northern campaign, he asked Zhiyuan to keep him behind. Asked why, Wei said, "Yang has a schemer's wit but no hero's breadth—what would he do with me? Only Liu would know what to do with me!"
36
詔張從賓發河南兵數千人擊范延光。 延光使人誘從賓，從賓遂與之同反，殺皇子河陽節度使重信，使上將軍張繼祚知河陽留後。 繼祚，全義之子也。 從賓又引兵入洛陽，殺皇子權東都留守重乂，以東都副留守、都巡檢使張延播知河南府事。 從賓取內庫錢帛以賞部兵，留守判官李遐不與，兵眾殺之。 從賓引兵東扼汜水關，將逼汴州。 詔奉國都指揮使侯益帥益兵五千會杜重威討張從賓； 又詔宣徽使劉處讓自黎陽分兵討之。 時羽檄縱橫，從官在大梁者無不恟懼，獨桑維翰從容指畫軍事，神色自若，接對賓客，不改常度，眾心差安。
The emperor ordered Zhang Congbin to mobilize several thousand Henan troops against Fan Yanguang. Yanguang sent agents to win Congbin over; Congbin joined the rebellion, killed the prince Chongxin, governor of Heyang, and installed Senior General Zhang Jizuo as acting governor of Heyang. Jizuo was Zhang Quanyi's son. Congbin then marched into Luoyang, killed the prince Chongyi, who had been acting regent of the eastern capital, and put Zhang Yanbo, deputy regent and chief inspection commissioner, in charge of Henan Prefecture. Congbin seized money and silk from the inner treasury to pay his troops; Li Xia, the regent's staff judge, refused to authorize the disbursement, and the soldiers killed him. Congbin marched east to seize Sishui Pass, poised to threaten the capital at Bian. The emperor ordered Hou Yi, commander of the Fengguo guard, to bring five thousand additional troops to join Du Chongwei against Zhang Congbin; He also ordered Liu Churang, commissioner of the palace insignia, to detach troops from Liyang against Congbin. Urgent dispatches flooded the capital; every courtier at Daliang was terrified—except Sang Weihan, who calmly directed military affairs as if nothing were amiss, received guests in his usual manner, and thereby steadied men's minds.
37
方士言於閩主，雲有白龍夜見螺峰； 閩主作白龍寺。 時百役繁興，用度不足，閩主謂吏部侍郎、判三司候官蔡守蒙曰：「聞有司除官皆受賂，有諸？」 對曰：「浮言無足信也。」 閩主曰：「朕知之久矣，今以委卿，擇賢而授，不肖及罔冒者勿拒，第令納賂，籍而獻之。」 守蒙素廉，以為不可； 閩主怒，守蒙懼而從之。 自是除官但以貨多寡為差。 閩主又以空名堂牒使醫工陳究賣官於外，專務聚斂，無有盈厭。 又詔民有隱年者杖背，隱口者死，逃亡者族。 果菜雞豚，皆重征之。
A Daoist adept told the lord of Min that a white dragon had appeared by night on Luofeng Peak; The lord of Min built the White Dragon Temple. Public works multiplied and funds ran short; the lord of Min asked Cai Shoumeng, vice minister of personnel and acting head of the Three Offices: "I hear every appointment is bought with bribes—is that true?" Shoumeng replied, "That is idle rumor, unworthy of belief." The lord said, "I have known it for years. I entrust the matter to you: appoint the worthy when you can, but do not turn away the unworthy or the fraudulent—simply take their bribes, record them, and hand the money over to me." Shoumeng, who had always been honest, thought this unconscionable; the lord flew into a rage, and Shoumeng, terrified, complied. Henceforth offices went to the highest bidder. The lord also gave blank appointment scrolls to the physician Chen Jiu to sell offices abroad, hoarding wealth without end. He further decreed that concealing one's age earned a beating, concealing dependents meant death, and flight meant the extermination of one's entire clan. Even fruit, vegetables, chickens, and pigs were taxed heavily.
38
秋，七月，張從賓攻汜水，殺巡檢使宋廷浩。 帝戎服，嚴輕騎，將奔晉陽以避之。 桑維翰叩頭苦諫曰：「賊鋒雖盛，勢不能久，請少待之，不可輕動。」 帝乃止。
In the seventh month of autumn, Zhang Congbin attacked Sishui and killed the inspection commissioner Song Tinghao. The emperor donned armor, mustered light cavalry, and prepared to flee to Jinyang. Sang Weihan kowtowed and pleaded urgently: "The rebels are fierce but cannot endure—wait a little longer; do not stir prematurely." The emperor held his ground.
39
范延光遣使以蠟丸招誘失職者，右武衛上將軍婁繼英、右衛大將軍尹暉在大梁，溫韜之子延浚、延沼、延袞居許州，皆應之。 延光令延浚兄弟取許州，聚徒已及千人。 繼英、暉事洩，皆出走，壬子，敕以延光奸謀，誣污忠良，自今獲延光諜人，賞獲者，殺諜人，禁蠟書，勿以聞。 暉將奔吳，為人所殺。 繼英奔許州，依溫氏。 忠武節度使萇從簡盛為之備，延浚等不得發，欲殺繼英以自明，延沼止之，遂同奔張從賓。 繼英知其謀，勸從賓執三溫，皆斬之。
Fan Yanguang sent wax-sealed messages to recruit the disaffected; Lou Jiying, Guard General of the Right Wuwei, and Yin Hui, Major General of the Right Guard, were at Daliang; Wen Tao's sons Yanjun, Yanzhao, and Yangun were at Xuzhou—all answered his call. Yanguang ordered the Yan brothers to take Xuzhou; they had already raised more than a thousand men. When Jiying's and Hui's involvement leaked, both fled; on renzi an edict declared that Yanguang's treachery had slandered the loyal—henceforth anyone capturing one of his spies would be rewarded, the spy executed, wax messages forbidden, and no report required. Hui was heading for Wu when someone killed him. Jiying fled to Xuzhou and threw in his lot with the Wens. Chang Congjian, governor of Zhongwu, stood ready; the Yan brothers could not move against Xuzhou and wanted to kill Jiying to prove their loyalty, but Yanzhao dissuaded them, and all fled to Zhang Congbin. Forewarned, Jiying urged Congbin to seize the three Wens; all three were executed.
40
白奉進在滑州，軍士有夜掠者，捕之，獲五人； 其三隸奉進，其二隸符彥饒，奉進皆斬之； 彥饒以其不先白己，甚怒。 明日，奉進從數騎詣彥饒謝，彥饒曰：「軍中各有部分，奈何取滑州軍士並斬之，殊無客主之義乎！」 奉進曰：「軍士犯法，何有彼我！ 僕已引咎謝公，而公怒不解，豈非欲與延光同反邪！」 拂衣而起，彥饒不留； 帳下甲士大噪，擒奉進，殺之。 從騎走出，大呼於外，諸軍爭擐甲操兵，喧噪不可禁止。 奉國左廂都指揮使馬萬惶惑不知所為，帥步兵欲從亂，遇右廂都指揮使盧順密帥部出營，厲聲謂萬曰：「符公擅殺白公，必與魏城通謀。 此去行宮才二百里，吾輩及軍士家屬皆在大梁，奈何不思報國，乃欲助亂，自求族滅乎！ 今日當共擒符公，送天子，立大功。 軍士從命者賞，違命者誅，勿復疑也！」 萬部兵尚有呼躍者，順密殺數人，眾莫敢動。 萬不得已從之，與奉國都虞侯方太等共攻牙城，執彥饒，令太部送大梁。 甲寅，敕斬彥饒於班荊館，其兄弟皆不問。
At Huazhou, Bai Fengjin caught five soldiers on a nighttime raid; three served under Fengjin and two under Fu Yanrao; Fengjin executed all five; Yanrao was furious that Fengjin had not consulted him first. Next day Fengjin rode over with a small escort to apologize; Yanrao said, "Each army has its own chain of command—why execute Huazhou soldiers without so much as a word to me, as if there were no distinction between host and guest!" Fengjin replied, "Law-breaking soldiers are law-breaking soldiers—what difference between yours and mine! I have already apologized, yet your fury will not abate—are you not planning to join Yanguang's rebellion!" He turned on his heel to leave; Yanrao made no move to stop him; armored men in the tent erupted in uproar, seized Fengjin, and killed him. His escort burst outside shouting; units everywhere grabbed armor and weapons until the din was uncontrollable. Ma Wan, commander of the Fengguo left wing, stood bewildered and was about to lead his infantry into the mutiny when Lu Shunmi, commander of the right wing, marched his men out of camp and shouted at him: "Fu murdered Bai on his own authority—he must be in league with the rebels at Wei. The traveling palace is only two hundred li away; our families and every soldier's kin are at Daliang—will you not serve the throne but aid mutiny and invite the slaughter of your clans! Today we seize Fu, deliver him to the emperor, and win great merit. Obey and be rewarded; disobey and die—no more hesitation!" Some of Wan's men still shouted and surged forward; Shunmi killed several, and the rest froze. Wan had no choice; with Fang Tai, chief controller of Fengguo, and others he stormed the headquarters, seized Yanrao, and sent Tai to escort him to Daliang. On jiayin, Yanrao was beheaded at Banjing Lodge by imperial order; his brothers went unpunished.
41
楊光遠自白皋引兵趣滑州，士卒聞滑州亂，欲推光遠為主。 光遠曰：「天子豈汝輩販弄之物！ 晉陽之降出於窮迫，今若改圖，真反賊也！」 其下乃不敢言。 時魏、孟、滑三鎮繼叛，人情大震，帝問計於劉知遠，對曰：「帝者之興，自有天命。 陛下昔在晉陽，糧不支五日，俄成大業。 今天下已定，內有勁兵，北結強虜，鼠輩何能為乎！ 願陛下撫將相以恩，臣請戢士卒以威； 恩威兼著，京邑自安，本根深固，則枝葉不傷矣。」 知遠乃嚴設科禁，宿衛諸軍無敢犯者。 有軍士盜紙錢一帕，主者擒之，左右請釋之，知遠曰：「吾誅其情，不計其直。」 竟殺之。 由是眾皆畏服。 乙卯，以楊光遠為魏府行營都招討使、兼知行府事，以昭義節度使高行周為河南尹、東京留守，以杜重威為昭義節度使、充侍衛馬軍都指揮使，以侯益為河陽節度使。 帝以渭州奏事皆馬萬為首，擢萬為義成節度使。 丙辰，以盧順密為果州團練使，方太為趙州刺史； 既而知皆順密之功也，更以順密為昭義留後。 馮暉、孫銳引兵至六明鎮，光遠引之渡河，半渡而擊之，暉、銳眾大敗，多溺死，斬首三千級，暉、銳走還魏。 杜重威、侯益引兵至汜水，遇張從賓眾萬餘人，與戰，俘斬殆盡，遂克汜水。 從賓走，乘馬渡河，溺死。 獲其黨張延播、繼祚、婁繼英，送大梁，斬之，滅其族。 史館修撰李濤上言，張全義有再造洛邑之功，乞免其族，乃止誅繼祚妻子。 濤，回之族曾孫也。
Yang Guangyuan marched from Baigao toward Huazhou; hearing of the mutiny there, his soldiers tried to proclaim him their chief. Guangyuan cried, "The emperor is not a bauble for you to peddle! We surrendered at Jinyang from necessity; turn traitor now and you are rebels in earnest!" His men fell silent. With Wei, Meng, and Hua in succession rebellion, panic spread; the emperor asked Liu Zhiyuan's counsel, and he answered: "Emperors rise by Heaven's mandate. At Jinyang Your Majesty had provisions for less than five days, yet soon won the throne. The realm is settled, our armies are strong, and we are allied with the Khitans in the north—what can these rats accomplish! Treat your generals and ministers with kindness, Your Majesty; leave it to me to discipline the soldiers with terror; kindness and severity together will calm the capital; firm the root and the branches will not suffer." Zhiyuan imposed strict discipline, and none of the palace guards dared breach it. A soldier stole a bundle of spirit money; the guard who caught him asked to let him go; Zhiyuan said, "I punish the crime, not the price." He had the man executed anyway. After that everyone submitted in fear. On yimao, Yang Guangyuan was made overall pacification commissioner at the Wei front and acting commission prefect; Gao Xingzhou, governor of Zhaoyi, became prefect of Henan and regent of the eastern capital; Du Chongwei took Zhaoyi and command of the palace horse guard; Hou Yi became governor of Heyang. Because Weizhou's reports credited Ma Wan first, the emperor promoted him to governor of Yicheng. On bingchen, Lu Shunmi was made training commissioner of Guo Prefecture and Fang Tai prefect of Zhao; learning soon afterward that the credit was Shunmi's alone, the emperor made Shunmi acting governor of Zhaoyi instead. Feng Hui and Sun Rui marched to Liuming Post; Guangyuan baited them across the river and struck mid-crossing; their army was shattered, many drowned, three thousand heads were taken, and Hui and Rui fled back to Wei. Du Chongwei and Hou Yi reached Sishui, met more than ten thousand of Congbin's men, fought them nearly to annihilation, and took the pass. Congbin fled, tried to swim his horse across the river, and drowned. His allies Zhang Yanbo, Jizuo, and Lou Jiying were captured, sent to Daliang, executed, and their clans wiped out. Li Tao of the History Office pleaded that Zhang Quanyi had rebuilt Luoyang and deserved mercy for his clan; the court spared only Jizuo's wife and children. Tao was a great-great-grandson of the Hui Li clan.
42
詔東都留守司百官悉赴行在。
The court ordered every official serving in the Eastern Capital's left-behind administration to join the emperor at his field headquarters.
43
楊光遠奏知博州張暉舉城降。
Yang Guangyuan reported that Zhang Hui, military commissioner of Bozhou, had surrendered the city.
44
安州威和指揮使王暉聞范延光作亂，殺安遠節度使周瑰，自領軍府，欲俟延光勝則附之，敗則渡江奔吳。 帝遣右領軍上將軍李金全將千騎如安州巡檢，許赦王暉以為唐州刺史。
Wang Hui, commander of the Weihe regiment at Anzhou, learned that Fan Yanguang had rebelled, killed Military Governor Zhou Gui of Anyuan, and seized the army headquarters. Hui planned to side with Yanguang if he won, but cross the Yangtze and flee to Wu if he lost. The emperor sent Senior General Li Jinquan of the Right Palace Guard with a thousand cavalry to Anzhou on an inspection tour, offering Wang Hui a pardon and appointment as prefect of Tangzhou.
45
范延光知事不濟，歸罪於孫銳而族之，遣使奉表待罪，戊寅，楊光遠以聞，帝不許。
Seeing defeat was inevitable, Fan Yanguang pinned the blame on Sun Rui and had his whole clan executed, then sent envoys with a memorial submitting to judgment. On wuyin, Yang Guangyuan forwarded the report, but the emperor refused to accept his surrender.
46
吳同平章事王令謀如金陵勸徐浩受禪，誥讓不受。
Wang Lingmou, co-chief councilor of Wu, traveled to Jinling to persuade Xu Hao to take the throne, but Hao repeatedly refused.
47
山南東道節度使安從進恐王暉奔吳，遣行軍司馬張朏將兵會復州兵於要路邀之。 暉大掠安州，將奔吳，部將胡進殺之。 八月，癸巳，以狀聞。 李金全至安州，將士之預於亂者數百人，金全說諭，悉遣詣闕； 既而聞指揮使武彥和等數十人挾賄甚多，伏兵於野，執而斬之。 彥和且死，呼曰：「王暉首惡，天子猶赦之； 我輩脅從，何罪乎！」 帝雖知金全之情，掩而不問。
An Congjin, military governor of Shannan East Circuit, feared Wang Hui would escape to Wu. He sent his chief of staff Zhang Fei with troops to join forces from Fuzhou at a key crossing and cut Hui off. Hui looted Anzhou on a grand scale, then set out for Wu—whereupon his subordinate Hu Jin killed him. In the eighth month, on guisi, the events were reported to the throne. When Li Jinquan reached Anzhou, he persuaded several hundred officers and men implicated in the uprising to surrender and dispatched them all to the capital. Later he learned that Wu Yanhe and several dozen other commanders were carrying large bribes. He set an ambush along the road, captured them, and had them executed. As he faced execution, Yanhe cried out: "Wang Hui was the ringleader, and the emperor pardoned even him— We were forced to follow him—what crime did we commit!" The emperor knew what Jinquan had done but chose to look the other way.
48
吳歷陽公濛知吳將亡，甲午，殺守衛軍使王宏。 宏子勒兵攻濛，濛射殺之。 以德勝節度使周本吳之勳舊，引二騎詣廬州，欲依之。 本聞濛至，將見之，其子弘祚固諫，本怒曰：「我家郎君來，何為不使我見！」 弘祚合扉不聽本出，使人執濛於外，送江都。 徐誥遣使稱詔殺濛於採石，追廢為悖逆庶人，絕屬籍。 侍衛軍使郭悰殺濛妻子於和州，誥歸罪於悰，貶池州。
Knowing Wu was doomed, Prince Meng of Liyang killed Palace Guard Commissioner Wang Hong on jiawu. Hong's son raised troops to avenge his father, but Meng shot him dead. Zhou Ben of Desheng Circuit was a veteran Wu commander, so Meng took two companions and rode to Luzhou seeking his protection. When Ben learned Meng had arrived, he prepared to receive him, but his son Hongzuo urgently dissuaded him. Ben flew into a rage: "A kinsman of our house has come—why will you not let me see him!" Hongzuo barred the door and refused to let his father out, then had Meng seized outside and sent under guard to Jiangdu. Xu Hao sent agents bearing a purported edict to execute Meng at Caishi, posthumously stripped him of rank as a traitorous commoner, and erased him from the lineage rolls. Palace Guard Commissioner Guo Cong murdered Meng's wife and children at Hezhou. Hao pinned the blame on Cong and banished him to Chizhou.
49
乙巳，赦張從賓、符彥饒、王暉之黨，未伏誅者皆不問。
On yisi, the court pardoned the surviving followers of Zhang Congbin, Fu Yanrao, and Wang Hui, declaring them beyond further prosecution.
50
梁、唐以來，士民奉使及俘掠在契丹者，悉遣使贖還其家。
Envoys were sent to ransom every envoy and captive taken by the Khitan since the Liang and Tang eras and restore them to their families.
51
吳司徒、門下侍郎、同平章事、內樞使、忠武節度使王令謀老病無齒，或勸之致仕，令謀曰：「齊王大事未畢，吾何敢自安！」 疾亟，力勸徐誥受禪。 是月，吳主下詔，禪位於齊。 李德誠等復詣金陵帥百官勸進，宋齊丘不署表。 九月，癸丑，令謀卒。
Wang Lingmou—Grand Secretary, vice director of the Chancellery, co-chief councilor, inner privy commissioner, and military governor of Zhongwu—was aged, infirm, and toothless. When others urged him to retire, he said: "The Prince of Qi's great undertaking is not yet complete—how can I simply rest easy!" As his illness turned critical, he pressed Xu Hao to accept the throne. That month the Wu emperor issued an edict abdicating in favor of the Prince of Qi. Li Decheng and others returned to Jinling at the head of the bureaucracy to press for Hao's accession, but Song Qiqiu refused to sign the memorial. In the ninth month, on guichou, Wang Lingmou died.
52
甲寅，以李金全為安遠節度使。
On jiayin, Li Jinquan was made military governor of Anyuan.
53
婁繼英未及葬梁均王而誅死，詔梁故臣右衛上將軍安崇阮與王故妃郭氏葬之。
Lou Jiying was put to death before he could bury the Liang Prince of Jun. The court ordered the former Liang minister An Chongruan, senior general of the Right Guard, and the prince's widow Lady Guo to see to the burial.
54
丙寅，吳主命江夏王璘奉璽綬於齊。 冬，十月，甲申，齊王誥即皇帝位於金陵，大赦，改元升元，國號唐。 追尊太祖武王曰武皇帝。 乙酉，遣右丞相玠奉冊詣吳主，稱受禪老臣誥謹拜稽首上皇帝尊號曰高尚思玄弘古讓皇，宮室、乘輿、服御皆如故，宗廟、正朔、徽章、服色悉從吳制。 丁亥，立徐知證為江王，徐知諤為饒王。 以吳太子璉領平盧節度使、兼中書令，封弘農公。
On bingyin, the Wu emperor commanded Prince Lin of Jiangxia to deliver the imperial seal and cord to the Prince of Qi. In winter, the tenth month, on jiashen, Xu Hao took the throne at Jinling as emperor of Tang, proclaimed a general amnesty, and adopted the era name Shengyuan. He posthumously elevated the founding King Wu to Emperor Wu. On yiyou, he sent Right Chief Minister Jie with patents to the former Wu emperor, declaring that Hao, as the abdicating minister, reverently offered the honorific "Retired Emperor of Lofty Virtue, Profound Mysticism, and Ancient Magnanimity." The abdicated ruler's palaces, carriages, and raiment were left unchanged, while ancestral rites, the calendar, badges, and court dress still followed Wu usage. On dinghai, Xu Zhizheng was made Prince of Jiang and Xu Zhiyu Prince of Rao. Wu's former crown prince Yang Lian was appointed military governor of Pinglu and chief director of the Secretariat, with the title Duke of Hongnong.
55
唐主宴群臣於天泉閣，李德誠曰：「陛下應天順人，惟宋齊丘不樂。」 因出齊丘止德誠勸進書，唐主執書不視，曰：「子嵩三十年舊交，必不相負。」 齊丘頓首謝。 己丑，唐主表讓皇改東都宮殿名，皆取於仙經。 讓皇常服羽衣，習辟穀術。 辛卯，吳宗室建安王珙等十二人皆降爵為公，而加官增邑。 丙申，以吳同平章事張延翰及門下侍郎張居詠、中書侍郎李建勳並同平章事。 讓皇以唐主上表，致書辭之； 唐主表謝而不改。 丁酉，加宋齊丘大司徒。 齊丘雖為左丞相，不預政事，心慍懟，聞制詞云「布衣之交」，抗聲曰：「臣為布衣時，陛下為刺史； 今日為天子，可不用老臣矣。」 還家請罪，唐主手詔謝之，亦不改命。 久之，齊丘不知所出，乃更上書請遷讓皇於它州，及斥遠吳太子璉，絕其婚； 唐主不從。 乙巳，立王后宋氏為皇后。 戊申，以諸道都統、判元帥府事景通為諸道副元帥、判六軍諸衛事、太尉、尚書令、吳王。
At a banquet in Tianquan Pavilion, Li Decheng told the Tang emperor: "You have ascended in accord with Heaven and the people—yet Song Qiqiu alone seems displeased." He then produced a letter in which Qiqiu had tried to block Decheng's accession memorial. The emperor set it aside unread, saying: "Zisong has been my friend for thirty years—he would never betray me." Qiqiu kowtowed in gratitude. On jichou, the Tang emperor petitioned to rename the Eastern Capital palaces for the Retired Emperor, drawing every new name from Daoist scriptures. The Retired Emperor habitually dressed in Daoist feathered robes and practiced fasting regimens. On xinmao, twelve members of the former Wu royal house, including Prince Gong of Jian'an, were reduced from princely to ducal rank but given additional offices and enlarged fiefs. On bingshen, Zhang Yanhan, formerly co-chief councilor of Wu, was joined by Vice Directors Zhang Juyong and Li Jianxun as co-chief councilors. The Retired Emperor wrote back declining the proposal after the Tang emperor's memorial; the Tang emperor thanked him in a memorial but made no changes. On dingyou, Song Qiqiu was elevated to Grand Secretary. Though named Left Chief Minister, Qiqiu was excluded from affairs of state and nursed a growing grievance. When the appointment edict spoke of "friendship in humble stations," he cried out: "When I was a commoner, Your Majesty was a prefect— now you are emperor, and you clearly have no further use for your old servant." He went home to await punishment. The emperor sent a personal letter of apology but left the appointment unchanged. In time, grasping for leverage, Qiqiu memorialized again—proposing to relocate the Retired Emperor to another province, exile the former Wu crown prince Yang Lian, and break off his marriage alliance. The emperor refused both proposals. On yisi, Lady Song, the emperor's consort, was enthroned as empress. On wushen, Jingtong—commander-in-chief of all circuits and head of the Marshal's Office—was made deputy commander-in-chief of all circuits, overseer of the Six Armies and palace guards, Grand Commander, Director of the Department of State Affairs, and Prince of Wu.
56
閩主命其弟威武節度使繼恭上表告嗣位於晉，且請置邸於都下。
The Min ruler had his brother Jigong, military governor of Weiwu, send a memorial announcing his accession to the Jin court and requesting an official residence in the capital.
57
十一月，乙卯，唐吳王景通更名璟。 唐主賜楊璉妃號永興公主； 妃聞人呼公主則流涕而辭。 戊午，唐主立其子景遂為吉王，景達為壽陽公； 以景遂為侍中、東都留守、江都尹，帥留司百官赴東都。
In the eleventh month, on yimao, Prince Jingtong of Wu changed his name to Jing. The Tang emperor granted Yang Lian's consort the title Princess of Yongxing; Hearing herself addressed as princess, the consort wept and refused the title. On wuwu, the Tang emperor ennobled his sons—Jingsui as Prince of Ji and Jingda as Duke of Shouyang; Jingsui was also made chief director of the Secretariat, left-behind commissioner of the Eastern Capital, and magistrate of Jiangdu, and sent at the head of the capital administration to the Eastern Capital.
58
戊辰，詔加吳越王元瓘天下兵馬副元帥，進封吳越國王。
On wuchen, the court promoted King Yuanzhan of Wuyue to deputy commander-in-chief of all forces and raised his title to King of Wuyue.
59
安遠節度使李金全以親吏胡漢筠為中門使，軍府事一以委之。 漢筠貪滑殘忍，聚斂無厭。 帝聞之，以廉吏賈仁沼代之，且召漢筠，欲授以它職，庶保全功臣。 漢筠大懼，始勸金全以異謀。 乙亥，金全表漢筠病，未任行。 金全故人龐令圖屢諫曰：「仁沼忠義之士，以代漢筠，所益多矣。」 漢筠夜遣壯士逾垣滅令圖之族，又毒仁沼，舌爛而卒。 漢筠與推官張緯相結，以諂惑金全，金全愛之彌篤。
Li Jinquan, military governor of Anyuan, installed his personal aide Hu Hanjun as middle gate commissioner and handed him full control of headquarters affairs. Hanjun was greedy, ruthless, and insatiably corrupt. When the emperor learned of this, he replaced Hanjun with the upright Jia Renzhao and summoned Hanjun to court for reassignment, hoping to shield the aging general from his aide's depredations. Terrified, Hanjun urged Jinquan toward rebellion for the first time. On yihai, Jinquan reported that Hanjun was too ill to travel. Jinquan's old friend Pang Lingtu repeatedly warned him: "Renzhao is a man of loyalty and integrity—replacing Hanjun with him would bring nothing but gain." That night Hanjun sent bravos over the wall to slaughter Pang Lingtu's entire family. He also poisoned Renzhao, whose tongue rotted away before he died. Hanjun allied with legal officer Zhang Wei, whose flattery ensnared Jinquan, whom Hanjun came to trust all the more.
60
十二月戊申，蜀大赦，改明年元曰明德。
On wushen in the twelfth month, Shu proclaimed a general amnesty and renamed the coming year Mingde.
61
詔加馬希範江南諸道都統，制置武平、靜江等軍事。
The court appointed Ma Xifan commander-in-chief of the Jiangnan circuits with authority over the armies of Wuping, Jingjiang, and neighboring commands.
62
是歲，契丹改元會同，國號大遼，公卿庶官皆仿中國，參用中國人，以趙延壽為樞密使，尋兼政事令。
That year the Khitan adopted the era name Huitong and the dynastic title Great Liao. Their entire bureaucracy was modeled on Chinese practice, with Chinese officials in key posts. Zhao Yanshou was named privy commissioner and soon added chief administrator of affairs.
63
高祖聖文章武明德孝皇帝上之下天福三年（ 戊戌，公元九三八年）
Gaozu the Sagely Literary Martial Virtuous Filial Emperor, Part Two Below—Tianfu year 3 ( wuxu, 938 CE)
64
春，正月，己酉，日有食之。
In spring, the first month, on the day jiyou, the sun was eclipsed.
65
唐德勝節度使兼中書令西平恭烈王周本以不能存吳，愧恨而卒。
Zhou Ben—the Desheng military governor, chief director of the Secretariat, and posthumously styled Reverent and Fierce King of Xiping—died consumed by shame and regret that he had failed to save Wu.
66
丙寅，唐以侍中吉王景遂參判尚書都省。
On bingyin, Tang appointed Prince Jingsui of Ji, chief director of the Secretariat, to assist in governing the Directorate-General of the Department of State Affairs.
67
蜀主以武信節度使、同平章事張業為左僕射兼中書侍郎、同平章事、樞密使，武泰節度使王處回兼武信節度使、同平章事。
The Shu emperor made Zhang Ye—military governor of Wuxin and co-chief councilor—Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, vice director of the Secretariat, co-chief councilor, and privy commissioner, while Wang Chuhui of Wutai Circuit also received Wuxin and a co-chief councilorship.
68
二月，庚辰，左散騎常侍張允上《駁赦論》，以為：「帝王遇天災多肆赦，謂之修德。 借有二人坐獄遇赦，則曲者倖免，直者銜冤，冤氣升聞，乃所以致災，非所以弭災也。」 詔褒之。 帝樂聞讜言，詔百官各上封事，命使部尚書梁文矩等十人置詳定院以考之，無取者留中，可者行之。 數月，應詔都無十人，乙未，復降御札趣之。
In the second month, on gengchen, Left Regular Attendant Zhang Yun submitted his "Refutation of Amnesties," arguing: "Emperors facing natural calamities often proclaim general pardons, calling it moral cultivation— but if two prisoners are pardoned together, the guilty go free while the innocent remain wronged. Resentment then rises to Heaven—the very thing that brings calamity, not the means to end it." The court commended him by edict. Delighted by such frank counsel, the emperor ordered every official to submit sealed recommendations and appointed Liang Wenju of the Envoy Department and nine others to a Review Office. Worthless submissions were withheld; acceptable ones were put into effect. Months passed with fewer than ten responses. On yiwei, the emperor sent another personal letter urging compliance.
69
三月，丁丑，敕禁民作銅器。 初，唐世天下鑄錢有三十六冶，喪亂以來，皆廢絕，錢日益耗，民多銷錢為銅器，故禁之。
In the third month, on dingchou, the court banned the private manufacture of copper wares. Under Tang, thirty-six mints had supplied the empire with coin, but war had shut them all down. As cash grew ever scarcer, people increasingly melted it into copperware—which was why the ban was imposed.
70
中書舍人李詳上疏，以為「十年以來，赦令屢降，諸道職掌皆許推恩，而籓方薦論動逾數百，乃至藏典、書吏、優伶、奴僕，初命則至銀青階，被服皆紫袍象笏，名器僭濫，貴賤不分。 請自今諸道主兵將校之外，節度州聽奏朱記大將以上十人，他州止聽奏都押牙、都虞候、孔目官，自餘但委本道量遷職名而已。」 從之。
Secretariat Drafter Li Xiang submitted a memorial arguing that for a decade repeated amnesties had let every circuit shower favors indiscriminately. Frontier nominations now ran to hundreds—even archivists, clerks, actors, and slaves received initial appointments at silver-and-cyan rank, dressed in purple robes with ivory tablets. Honors meant for the elite had been debased beyond recognition. He proposed that henceforth, beyond frontline commanders, circuit capitals might nominate no more than ten officers of chief commander rank or higher, while ordinary prefectures could nominate only chief adjutants, chief inspectors, and chief clerks—all other promotions to be handled internally without imperial nomination. "The proposal was adopted.
71
夏，四月，甲申，唐宋齊丘自陳丞相不應不豫政事，唐主答以省署未備。
In summer, the fourth month, on jiashen, Song Qiqiu protested that a chief minister should not be shut out of government. The Tang emperor replied that the ministries were not yet fully staffed.
72
吳讓皇固辭舊宮，屢請徙居； 李德誠等亦亟以為言。 五月，戊午，唐主改潤州牙城為丹楊宮，以李建勳為迎奉讓皇使。
The Retired Emperor of Wu repeatedly refused the old palace and begged to be moved elsewhere; Li Decheng and others pressed the point as well. In the fifth month, on wuwu, the Tang emperor converted Runzhou's headquarters compound into Danyang Palace and appointed Li Jianxun commissioner to receive and escort the Retired Emperor.
73
楊光遠自恃擁重兵，頗干預朝政，屢有抗奏，帝常屈意從之。 庚申，以其子承祚為左威衛將軍，尚帝女長安公主，次子承信亦拜美官，寵冠當時。
Yang Guangyuan, emboldened by his large army, repeatedly intervened in court politics with defiant memorials, and the emperor often yielded to him. On gengshen, his eldest son Chengzuo was made a general of the Left Weiwu Guard and married the emperor's daughter, Princess of Chang'an; a second son, Chengxin, received a prestigious appointment as well. No family enjoyed greater favor at court.
74
壬戌，唐主以左宣威副統軍王輿為鎮海留後，客省使公孫圭為監軍使，親吏馬思讓為丹楊宮使，徙讓皇居丹楊宮。 宋齊丘復自陳為左右所間，唐主大怒； 齊丘歸第，白衣待罪。 或曰：「齊丘舊臣，不宜以小過棄之。」 唐主曰：「齊丘有才，不識大體。」 乃命吳王璟持手詔召之。
On renxu, the Tang emperor installed Wang Yu as acting military governor of Zhenhai, Gongsun Gui as army supervisor, and his personal aide Ma Sirang as keeper of Danyang Palace, then moved the Retired Emperor into Danyang Palace. Song Qiqiu again complained that courtiers had turned the emperor against him, and the Tang ruler flew into a rage. Qiqiu went home in plain robes to await judgment. An adviser said: "Qiqiu is a founding minister—it would be wrong to cast him aside over a minor offense." The emperor replied: "Qiqiu is gifted, but he cannot see the bigger picture." He sent Prince Jing of Wu with a personal summons to bring him back.
75
六月，壬午，或獻毒酒方於唐主，唐主曰：「犯吾法者自有常刑，安用此為！」 群臣爭請改府寺州縣名有吳及楊者，留守判官楊嗣請更姓羊，徐玠曰：「陛下自應天順人，事非逆取，而諂邪之人專事改更，鹹非急務，不可從也。」 唐主然之。
In the sixth month, on renwu, someone offered the Tang emperor a recipe for poisoned wine. He refused: "Those who break my laws face proper punishment—what need have I for this!" The courtiers clamored to rename every prefecture, office, and county whose name contained Wu or Yang. Garrison deputy commissioner Yang Si even asked to change his surname to Yang—the character for "goat." Xu Jie objected: "Your Majesty came to power in accord with Heaven and the people's will; yours was no usurpation. Yet sycophants fixate on pointless renaming. This is hardly urgent, and Your Majesty should refuse." The Tang emperor agreed.
76
河南留守高行周奏修洛陽宮。 丙戌，左諫議大夫薛融諫曰：「今宮室雖經焚毀，猶侈於帝堯之茅茨； 所費雖寡，猶多於漢文之露台。 況魏城未下，公私困窘，誠非陛下修宮館之日； 請俟海內平寧，營之未晚。」 上納其言，仍賜詔褒之。
Gao Xingzhou, military governor of Henan, memorialized requesting repairs to the Luoyang palace. On bingxu, Left Remonstrance Counsellor Xue Rong urged: "Though the palace has been burned, it would still surpass the thatched hut of Emperor Yao; and though the cost may seem modest, it would exceed even the open terrace of Emperor Wen of Han. With Wei City still unconquered and the state in straits, this is no time to rebuild palaces and halls; wait until the realm is at peace; building then would not be too late. The emperor took his advice and issued an edict commending him."
77
己丑，金部郎中經鑄奏：「竊見鄉村浮戶，非不勤稼穡，非不樂安居，但以種木未盈十年，墾田未及三頃，似成生業，已為縣司收供徭役，責之重賦，威以嚴刑，故不免捐功捨業，更思他適。 乞自今民墾田及五頃以上，三年外乃聽縣司徭役。」 從之。
On jichou, Jing Zhuo of the Ministry of Revenue memorialized: "I find that migrant households in the countryside are eager to farm and eager to settle down. Yet once they have planted trees for less than ten years or cleared less than three qing of land—barely enough to count as a livelihood—the county presses them into corvée, levies crushing taxes, and threatens harsh punishment. Small wonder they abandon their farms and move on. I ask that henceforth county officials be barred from imposing corvée until a household has farmed at least five qing for three full years. The request was granted."
78
秋，七月，中書奏：「朝代雖殊，條制無異。 請委官取明宗及清泰時敕，詳定可久行者編次之。」 己酉，詔左諫議大夫薛融等詳定。
In the seventh month of autumn, the Secretariat reported: "Different dynasties may rise and fall, but their administrative codes are much the same. We ask that officials be assigned to collect edicts from the reigns of Mingzong and Qingtai, revise those suited to long-term use, and compile them into a code. On jiyou, the emperor ordered Xue Rong and others to undertake the revision."
79
辛酉，敕作受命寶，以「受天明命，惟德允昌」為文。
On xinyou, the emperor ordered a Mandate-receiving Seal cast with the inscription "Having received Heaven's clear mandate, may virtue alone bring enduring glory."
80
八月，帝上尊號於契丹主及太后，戊寅，以馮道為太后冊禮使，左僕射劉昫為契丹主冊禮使，備鹵薄、儀仗、車輅，詣契丹行禮； 契丹主大悅。 帝事契丹甚謹，奉表稱臣，謂契丹主為「父皇帝」； 每契丹使至，帝於別殿拜受詔敕。 歲輸金帛三十萬之外，吉凶慶吊，歲時贈遺，玩好珍異，相繼於道。 乃至應天太后、元帥太子、偉王、南、北二王、韓延徽、趙延壽等諸大臣皆有賂遺。 小不如意，輒來責讓，帝常卑辭謝之。 晉使者至契丹，契丹驕倨，多不遜語。 使者還，以聞，朝野鹹以為恥，而帝事之曾無倦意，以是終帝之世，與契丹無隙。 然所輸金帛不過數縣租賦，往往托以民困，不能滿數。 其後契丹主屢止帝上表稱臣，但令為書稱「兒皇帝」，如家人禮。
In the eighth month the emperor sent honorific titles to the Khitan emperor and empress dowager. On wuyin he appointed Feng Dao envoy to invest the empress dowager and Left Vice Director Liu Xu envoy to invest the Khitan ruler, equipping them with full guard of honor, ceremonial regalia, and imperial carriages for the journey to the Khitan court. The Khitan emperor was delighted. The emperor treated the Khitan with scrupulous deference, submitting memorials as a vassal and addressing the Khitan ruler as "Imperial Father"; whenever Khitan envoys arrived, he received their edicts kneeling in a side hall. Beyond the annual tribute of three hundred thousand units of gold and silk, gifts for every occasion—condolences, congratulations, seasonal offerings, curios and rarities—streamed endlessly along the roads. Even the Yingtian Empress Dowager, the crown prince marshal, Prince Wei, the southern and northern princes, Han Yanhui, Zhao Yanshou, and other Khitan grandees received lavish gifts. At the slightest displeasure they sent envoys to rebuke him, and he invariably answered with abject apologies. Jin envoys at the Khitan court were met with arrogance and frequent insults. Envoys returned to report this, and the court and country alike felt humiliated. Yet the emperor never flagged in his deference, and for the rest of his reign Jin and Khitan remained at peace. Yet the tribute amounted to only a few counties' tax revenue, and the court often pleaded poverty to pay less than the full sum. Later the Khitan emperor repeatedly forbade formal submissions calling Jin his vassal, requiring only letters addressed to him as "Son Emperor"—the etiquette of a household.
81
初，契丹主既得幽州，命曰南京，以唐降將趙思溫為留守。 思溫子延照在晉，帝以為祁州刺史。 思溫密令延照言虜情終變，請以幽州內附； 帝不許。
Earlier, after taking Youzhou, the Khitan emperor named it the Southern Capital and appointed the Tang defector Zhao Siwen as its military governor. Siwen's son Yanzhao was then in Jin service; the emperor appointed him prefect of Qi. Siwen secretly told Yanzhao that the Khitan mood would eventually shift and urged him to ask that Youzhou be incorporated into Jin; The emperor refused.
82
契丹遣使詣唐，宋齊丘勸唐主厚賄之，俟至淮北，潛遣人殺之，欲以間晉。
Khitan envoys visited Tang. Song Qiqiu urged the Tang emperor to lavish gifts on them, then secretly have them killed once they crossed north of the Huai, hoping to drive a wedge between Khitan and Jin.
83
壬午，楊光遠奏前澶州刺史馮暉自廣晉城中出戰，因來降，言范延光食盡窮困； 己丑，以暉為義成節度使。 楊光遠攻廣晉，歲餘不下，帝以師老民疲，遣內職朱憲入城諭范延光，許移大籓，曰：「若降而殺汝，白日在上，吾無以享國。」 延光謂節度副使李式曰：「主上重信，雲不死則不死矣。」 乃撤守備，然猶遷延未決。 宣徽南院使劉處讓復入諭之，延光意乃決。 九月，乙巳朔，楊光遠送延光二子守圖、守英詣大梁。 己酉，延光遣牙將奉表待罪。 壬子，詔書至廣晉，延光帥其眾素服於牙門，使者宣詔釋之，朱憲，汴州人也。
On renwu, Yang Guangyuan reported that Feng Hui, former prefect of Chan, had sortied from Guangjin and surrendered, reporting that Fan Yanguang's provisions were exhausted and his plight desperate; On jichou, Feng Hui was appointed military governor of Yicheng. Yang Guangyuan had besieged Guangjin for over a year without success. Concerned that the campaign was exhausting troops and people alike, the emperor sent palace officer Zhu Xian into the city to offer Fan Yanguang a transfer to a major frontier post, swearing: "If I kill you after you surrender, may the sun above witness that I am unfit to rule. Fan Yanguang told his deputy Li Shi: "The emperor is a man of his word. If he says I won't die, I won't die. He began dismantling the defenses but still hesitated. Liu Churang, commissioner of the Southern Xuanhui Court, entered the city again to press the case, and Fan Yanguang finally made up his mind. On the first day of the ninth month, yisi, Yang Guangyuan sent Fan Yanguang's sons Shoutu and Shouying to Daliang as hostages. On jiyou, Fan Yanguang sent a staff officer to submit a confession. On renzi the pardon arrived at Guangjin. Fan Yanguang led his troops out in white mourning dress to the headquarters gate, where the envoy read the decree of clemency. Zhu Xian was a native of Bianzhou.
84
契丹遣使如洛陽，取趙延壽妻唐燕國長公主以歸。
Khitan envoys went to Luoyang to escort Zhao Yanshou's wife, the Tang Princess of Yan, back to the steppe.
85
壬戌，唐太府卿趙可封請唐主複姓李，立唐宗廟。
On renxu, Zhao Kefeng, director of the Tang Grand Treasury, urged the Tang emperor to restore the Li surname and erect a Tang ancestral temple.
86
庚午，楊光遠表乞入朝； 命劉處讓權知天雄軍府事。 己巳，制以范延光為天平節度使，仍賜鐵券，應廣晉城中將吏軍民今日以前罪皆釋不問； 其張從賓、符彥饒餘黨及自官軍逃叛入城者，亦釋之。 延光腹心將佐李式、孫漢威、薛霸皆除防禦、團練使、刺史，牙兵皆升為侍衛親軍。 初，河陽行軍司馬李彥珣，邢州人也，父母在鄉里，未嘗供饋。 後與張從賓同反，從賓敗，奔廣晉，范延光以為步軍都監，使登城拒守。 楊光遠訪獲其母，置城下以招之，彥王旬引弓射殺其母。 延光既降，帝以彥珣為坊州刺史。 近臣言彥珣殺母，殺母惡逆不可赦； 帝曰：「赦令已行，不可改也。」 乃遣之官。
On gengwu, Yang Guangyuan asked permission to come to court; Liu Churang was appointed acting administrator of the Tianxiong headquarters. On jisi an edict appointed Fan Yanguang military governor of Tianping and granted him an iron certificate of immunity. All officers, officials, soldiers, and civilians of Guangjin were pardoned for crimes committed before that day; including remnant followers of Zhang Congbin and Fu Yanrao and soldiers who had deserted into the city. Fan Yanguang's trusted lieutenants Li Shi, Sun Hanwei, and Xue Ba were made defense commissioners, regiment-training commissioners, and prefects, and his personal troops were enrolled in the imperial guard. Li Yanxun of Xingzhou, deputy military governor of Heyang, had never once sent supplies to his parents back home. He later joined Zhang Congbin's rebellion. When Zhang was defeated, he fled to Guangjin, where Fan Yanguang made him infantry commander and put him on the walls. Yang Guangyuan found his mother and placed her below the walls to lure him out. Li Yanxun strung his bow and shot her dead. After Fan Yanguang surrendered, the emperor appointed Li Yanxun prefect of Fang. A courtier protested that Li Yanxun had murdered his mother—a crime of ultimate treachery that could not be forgiven; The emperor replied: "The amnesty has already been issued and cannot be revoked. Li Yanxun was sent to take up his post.
87
臣光曰：治國家者固不可無信。 然彥珣之惡，三靈所不容，晉高祖赦其叛君之愆，治其殺母之罪，何損於信哉！
Sima Guang comments: No ruler can govern without keeping faith. Yet Li Yanxun's crime was one heaven, earth, and the spirits alike could not abide. Had Gaozu of Later Jin forgiven his rebellion but punished his matricide, what would trust have lost?
88
辛未，以楊光遠為天雄節度使。
On xinwei, Yang Guangyuan was appointed military governor of Tianxiong.
89
冬，十月，戊寅，契丹遣使奉寶冊，加帝尊號曰英武明義皇帝。
In the tenth month of winter, on wuyin, Khitan envoys arrived bearing seals and documents, investing the emperor with the title Heroic Martial Bright Righteous Emperor.
90
帝以大梁舟車所會，便於漕運，丙辰，建東京於汴州，復以汴州為開封府，以東都為西京，以西都為晉昌軍節度。 帝遣兵部尚書王權使契丹謝尊號，權自以累世將相，恥之，謂人曰：「吾老矣，安能向穹廬屈膝！」 乃辭以老疾。 帝怒，戊子，權坐停官。
Because Daliang sat at the hub of river and road traffic and was ideal for grain shipment, the emperor on bingchen made Bianzhou the Eastern Capital, restored Kaifeng Prefecture, demoted Luoyang to Western Capital, and reorganized the old western capital as the Jinchang military governorship. The emperor sent Wang Quan, minister of war, to Khitan to acknowledge the new title. A scion of generations of generals and chancellors, Wang Quan was mortified. "I am an old man," he said. "How can I kneel before a nomad tent? He pleaded old age and illness to refuse the mission. The emperor was furious. On wuzi, Wang Quan was stripped of his post.
91
初，郭崇韜既死，宰相罕有兼樞密使者。 帝即位，桑維翰、李崧兼之，宣徽使劉處讓及宦官皆不悅。 楊光遠圍廣晉，處讓數以軍事銜命往來，光遠奏請多逾分，帝常依違，維翰獨以法裁折之。 光遠對處讓有不平語，處讓曰：「是皆執政之意。」 光遠由是怨執政。 范延光降，光遠密表論執政過失； 帝知其故而不得已，加維翰兵部尚書，崧工部尚書，皆罷其樞密使； 以處讓為樞密使。
After Guo Chongtao's death, few chancellors had also served as commissioner of military affairs. When the emperor took the throne, Sang Weihan and Li Song held both posts; Liu Churang as Xuanhui commissioner and the eunuchs were displeased. During Yang Guangyuan's siege of Guangjin, Liu Churang shuttled back and forth on military business. Yang's demands often overstepped protocol; the emperor usually wavered, but Sang Weihan alone held him to the law. Yang complained to Liu Churang, who replied: "That is the policy of the chief ministers. From then on Yang Guangyuan nursed a grudge against the chief ministers. When Fan Yanguang surrendered, Yang Guangyuan secretly memorialized against the chief ministers; The emperor understood why and felt he had no choice: Sang Weihan was promoted to minister of war and Li Song to minister of works, and both were stripped of their military commissions; Liu Churang was made commissioner of military affairs.
92
太常奏：「今建東京，而宗廟、社稷皆在西京，請遷置大梁。」 敕旨：「且仍舊。」
The Court of Imperial Sacrifices reported: "With the Eastern Capital now established, the ancestral temple and spirit tablets remain in the Western Capital. We ask that they be moved to Daliang. The reply came: "For now, leave them where they are.1
93
戊戌，大赦。
On wuxu, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
94
楊延藝故將吳權自愛州舉兵攻皎公羨於交州，公羨遣使以賂求救於漢。 漢主欲乘其亂而取之，以其子萬王弘操為靜海節度使，徙封交王，將兵救公羨，漢主自將屯於海門，為之聲援。 漢主問策於崇文使蕭益，益曰：「今霖雨積旬，海道險遠，吳權桀黠，未可輕也。 大軍當持重，多用鄉導，然後可進。」 不聽。 命弘操帥戰艦自白籐江趣交州。 權已殺公羨，據交州，引兵逆戰，先於海口多植大杙，銳其首，冒之以鐵，遣輕舟乘潮挑戰而偽遁，弘操逐之，須臾潮落，漢艦皆礙鐵杙不得返，漢兵大敗，士卒覆溺者太半； 弘操死，漢主慟哭，收餘眾而還。 先是，著作佐郎侯融勸漢主弭兵息民，至是以兵不振，追咎融，剖棺暴其屍。 益，仿之孫也。
Wu Quan, a former officer of Yang Yanyi, raised troops in Ai Prefecture and attacked Jiao Gongxian in Jiao Prefecture. Gongxian sent envoys with gifts begging aid from Southern Han. The Han emperor sought to exploit the turmoil and seize the region. He appointed his son Hongcao, Prince of Wan, military governor of Jinghai, created him Prince of Jiao, and sent him to rescue Gongxian, while the emperor himself encamped at Haimen in support. The Han emperor consulted Xiao Yi, commissioner of Chongwen. Xiao Yi warned: "Rain has fallen for weeks; the sea route is long and dangerous; Wu Quan is fierce and cunning—not a foe to underestimate. The army should advance cautiously with ample local guides—only then should it move. The emperor would not listen. He ordered Hongcao to sail his fleet from the Baiteng River toward Jiao Prefecture. Wu Quan had already killed Gongxian and held Jiao Prefecture. He marched out to meet the invaders after driving iron-tipped stakes into the estuary. He sent light boats down the tide to skirmish and pretend to flee. Hongcao gave chase; when the tide suddenly ebbed, the Han ships ran onto the stakes and could not escape. The Han army was routed; more than half the men drowned. Hongcao was killed. The Han emperor mourned bitterly and withdrew with the survivors. Earlier, editorial assistant Hou Rong had urged the Han emperor to end warfare and ease the people's burdens. Now, blaming him for the defeat, the emperor had his coffin opened and his corpse displayed. Xiao Yi was a grandson of Xiao Fang."
95
楚順賢夫人彭氏卒。 彭夫人貌陋而治家有法，楚王希範憚之； 既卒，希範始縱聲色，為長夜之飲，內外無別。 有商人妻美，希範殺其夫而奪之，妻誓不辱，自經死。
Lady Peng, Consort Shunxian of Chu, died. Plain in appearance but meticulous in running the household, Lady Peng kept King Xifan of Chu in awe; After her death Xifan gave himself over to pleasure, hosting nights of endless revelry and ignoring all distinction between private and public life. When he saw a merchant's beautiful wife, Xifan killed her husband and took her. She chose death by hanging rather than submit.
96
河決鄆州。
The Yellow River breached its banks at Yanzhou.
97
十一月，范延光自鄆州入朝。
In the eleventh month, Fan Yanguang came to court from Yanzhou.
98
丙午，以閩主昶為閩國王，以左散騎常侍盧損為冊禮使，賜昶赭袍。 戊申，以威武節度使王繼恭為臨海郡王。 閩主聞之，遣進奏官林恩白執政，以既襲帝號，辭冊命及使者。 閩諫議大夫黃諷以閩主淫暴，與妻子辭訣入諫，閩主欲杖之，諷曰：「臣若迷國不忠，死亦無怨； 直諫被杖，臣不受也。」 閩主怒，黜為民。
On bingwu, the Min ruler Chang was created King of Min; Lu Sun, Left Regular Cavalry Attendant, was sent as investiture envoy, and Chang was granted an ochre robe. On wushen, Wang Jigong, military governor of Weiwu, was created Prince of Linhai. Hearing this, the Min ruler sent memorial officer Lin En to inform the court that, having already taken an imperial title, he declined the investiture and the envoy. Huang Feng, remonstrance counsellor of Min, believing the ruler debauched and cruel, bade farewell to his wife and children and went to remonstrate. When the Min ruler moved to have him beaten, Huang Feng said: "If I have misled the state and been disloyal, I deserve death without complaint; but to be beaten for speaking plainly—that I will not accept. The Min ruler in fury reduced him to commoner status."
99
帝患天雄節度使楊光遠跋扈難制，桑維翰請分天雄之眾，加光遠太尉、西京留守兼河陽節度使。 光遠由是怨望，密以賂自訴於契丹，養部曲千餘人，常蓄異志。 辛亥，建鄴都於廣晉府，置彰德軍於相州，以澶、衛隸之； 置永清軍於貝州，以博、冀隸之。 澶州舊治頓丘，帝慮契丹為後世之患，遣前淄州刺史汲人劉繼勳徙澶州跨德勝津，並頓丘徙焉。 以河南尹高行周為廣晉尹、鄴都留守，貝州防禦使王廷胤為彰德節度使，右神武統軍王周為永清節度使。 廷胤，處存之孫； 周，鄴都人也。
Alarmed that Yang Guangyuan, military governor of Tianxiong, had grown too powerful to control, Sang Weihan proposed splitting his army and promoting him to grand marshal while making him garrison commander of the Western Capital and military governor of Heyang. Yang Guangyuan resentfully sent secret gifts to the Khitan court to plead his case, kept more than a thousand retainers, and nursed designs of rebellion. On xinhai, the Yecheng capital was established at Guangjin; the Zhangde army was stationed at Xiangzhou with Chan and Wei placed under its command; the Yongqing army was stationed at Beizhou with Bo and Ji placed under its command. Chanzou had long been administered from Dunqiu. Fearing the Khitan as a threat to future generations, the emperor sent Liu Jixun of Ji, former prefect of Zi, to move Chanzou across the Desheng Ford and relocate Dunqiu there with it. Gao Xingzhou, governor of Henan, was appointed Guangjin governor and Yecheng garrison commander; Wang Tingyin, defense commissioner of Beizhou, became military governor of Zhangde; and Wang Zhou, commander of the Right Divine Martial Army, became military governor of Yongqing. Tingyin was a grandson of Wang Chucun; Zhou came from Yecheng.
100
范延光屢請致仕，甲寅，詔以太子太師致仕，居於大梁，每預宴會，與群臣無異。 延光之反也，相州刺史掖人王景拒境不從，戊午，以景為耀州團練使。
Fan Yanguang repeatedly asked to retire. On jiayin, the court granted him retirement as Grand Preceptor of the Heir Apparent. He lived at Daliang and attended every banquet on equal footing with the other ministers. During Yanguang's rebellion, Wang Jing of Ye, prefect of Xiangzhou, held his borders and refused to join him. On wuwu, Jing was appointed training commissioner of Yao Prefecture.
101
癸亥，敕聽公私自鑄銅錢，無得雜以鉛鐵，每十錢重一兩，以「天福無寶」為文。 仍令鹽鐵頒下模範，惟禁私作銅器。
On guihai, an edict allowed public and private casting of copper cash, with no lead or iron mixed in. Every ten coins were to weigh one liang and bear the inscription "Tianfu Without Treasure." The Salt and Iron Commission was to distribute official molds, while only private manufacture of copper vessels remained forbidden.
102
立右金吾衛上將軍重貴為鄭王，充開封尹。
Right Golden Crow Guard senior general Chonggui was installed as Prince of Zheng and appointed metropolitan governor of Kaifeng.
103
庚辰，敕先許公私鑄錢，慮銅難得，聽輕重從便，但勿令缺漏。
On gengchen, the court noted that because copper was scarce despite permission for public and private coinage, weight might vary as needed so long as the coins were sound and complete.
104
辛丑，吳讓皇卒。 唐王廢朝二十七日，追謚曰睿皇帝。 是歲，唐主徙吳王璟為齊王。
On xinchou, Wu's Abdicated Emperor died. The Tang king suspended court for twenty-seven days and posthumously honored him as Emperor Rui. That year, the Tang ruler transferred Prince of Wu Jing to the title of Prince of Qi.
105
鳳翔節度使李從曮，厚文士而薄武人，愛農民而嚴士卒，由是將士怨之。 會發兵戌西邊，既出郊，作亂，突門入城，剽掠於市。 從曮發帳下兵擊之，亂兵帳，東走，欲自訴於朝廷，至華州，鎮國節度使太原張彥澤邀擊，盡誅之。
Li Congyan, military governor of Fengxiang, favored scholars over soldiers and peasants over troops, and for that the army came to resent him. When troops were sent to garrison the western frontier, they had barely left the suburbs before they mutinied, stormed the gates, and looted the markets. Congyan sent his personal guard against them. The mutineers broke camp and fled east, hoping to plead their case before the court. At Huazhou, Zhang Yanzhe of Taiyuan, military governor of Zhenguo, intercepted them and slaughtered them to the last man.
Footnotes
- The edict concluded