1
資治通鑑第282卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 282.
2
【後晉紀三】起屠維大淵獻，盡重光赤奮若，凡三年。
[Later Jin Annals 3] From the year jihai through the year xinmao—three years in all.
3
高祖聖文章武明德孝皇帝中天福四年（ 己亥，公元九三九年）
Emperor Gaozu, the Sagely, Literary, Martial, Bright, Virtuous, and Filial, in the fourth year of Tianfu ( jihai, corresponding to 939 CE)
4
春，正月，辛亥，以澶州防禦使太原張從恩為樞密副使。
In spring, on the first month's xinhai day, Zhang Cong'en of Taiyuan, defender of Dazhou, was made vice commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs.
5
朔方節度使張希崇卒，羌胡寇鈔，無復畏憚。 甲寅，以義成節度使馮暉為朔方節度使。 党項酋長拓跋彥超最為強大，暉至，彥超入賀，暉厚遇之，因為於城中治第，豐其服玩，留之不遣，封內遂安。
Zhang Xichong, military commissioner of Shuofang, died, and Qiang and Hu bands raided the borders without fear. On jiayin day, Feng Hui, military commissioner of Yicheng, was appointed military commissioner of Shuofang. Of the Tangut chiefs, Toba Yanchao was the strongest. When Feng Hui took up his post, Yanchao came to offer congratulations; Hui received him warmly, built him a residence in the city, showered him with fine dress and curios, and kept him there without letting him leave—and the region was soon quiet.
6
唐群臣江王知證等累表請唐主複姓李，立唐宗廟，乙丑，唐主許之。 群臣又請上尊號，唐主曰：「尊號虛美，且非古。」 遂不受。 其後子孫皆踵其法，不受尊號，又不以外戚輔政，宦者不得預事，皆他國所不及也。
Tang ministers led by Prince Jiang Xu Zhizheng repeatedly petitioned the Tang ruler to resume the Li surname and erect a Tang ancestral temple; on yichou day he consented. The ministers again urged an honorific title upon him; the Tang ruler replied, "Such titles are hollow praise and are not the ancient way." He therefore declined. His descendants thereafter followed his example: they refused honorific titles, kept maternal kin from governing, and barred eunuchs from state affairs—practices other realms could not match.
7
二月，乙亥，改太祖廟號曰義祖。 己卯，唐主為李氏考妣發哀，與皇后斬衰居廬，如初喪禮，朝夕臨凡五十四日。 江王知證、饒王知諤請亦服斬衰； 不許。 李建勳之妻廣德長公主假衰絰，入哭盡哀，如父母之喪。
In the second month, on yihai day, the founding ancestor's temple name was changed to Yizu. On jimao day the Tang ruler entered mourning for his Li forebears; he and the empress wore full mourning garb and lived in the mourning hut as at the start of bereavement, attending the bier morning and evening for fifty-four days. Princes Jiang Xu Zhizheng and Rao Xu Zhi'e asked to wear full mourning as well; they were refused. Li Jianxun's wife, the Princess of Guangde, donned mourning dress, entered, and wept with the grief due to parents.
8
辛巳，詔國事委齊王璟詳決，惟軍旅以聞。 庚寅，唐主更名昪。 詔百官議二祚合享禮。 辛卯，宋齊丘等議以義祖居七室之東。 唐主命居高祖於西室，太宗次之，義祖又次之，皆為不祧之主。 群臣言：「義祖諸侯，不宜與高祖、太宗同享，請於太廟正殿後別建廟祀之。」 帝曰：「吾自幼托身義祖，向非義祖有功於吳，朕安能啟此中興之業？」 群臣乃不敢言。 唐主欲祖吳王恪，或曰：「恪誅死，不若祖鄭王無懿。」 唐主命有司考二王苗裔，以吳王孫禕有功，禕子峴為宰相，遂祖吳王，雲自峴五世至父榮。 其名率皆有司所撰。 唐主又以歷十九帝、三百年，疑十世太少。 有司曰：「三十年為世，陛下生於文德，已五十年矣。」 遂從之。
On xinsi day an edict delegated civil affairs to Prince Qi Jing for final decision, reserving military matters for direct report. On gengyin day the Tang ruler took the name Bian. An edict directed the officials to debate the rites for joint ancestral offerings to the two lines. On xinmao day Song Qiqiu and others proposed placing Yizu in the eastern bay of the seven ancestral chambers. The Tang ruler ordered Gaozu placed in the western chamber, Taizong next, and Yizu after him—all as permanent, undeparted ancestors. The ministers argued, "Yizu was only a feudal lord and ought not share the altar with Gaozu and Taizong; let a separate shrine be built behind the main hall to receive his cult." The emperor replied, "I was raised under Yizu from childhood; without his great service to Wu, how could I have launched this restoration?" The ministers fell silent. The Tang ruler wished to trace descent from Prince Wu Li Ke; some said, "Ke died by execution—it would be better to take Prince Zheng Wu Yi." The Tang ruler ordered officials to trace both lines; because Prince Wu's grandson Li Yi had rendered service and Yi's son Li Xian had served as chief minister, he took Prince Wu as ancestor, declaring descent from Xian five generations down to his father Rong. Those names were all supplied by the court genealogists. The Tang ruler also reflected that the Tang had known nineteen emperors over three hundred years and wondered whether ten generations were too few. The authorities replied, "Thirty years count as one generation; Your Majesty was born in the Wende era and is already fifty." He accepted their reasoning.
9
盧損至福州，閩主稱疾不見，命弟繼恭主之。 遺其禮部員外郎鄭元弼奉繼恭表隨損入貢。 閩主不禮於損，有士人林省鄒私謂損曰：「吾主不事其君，不愛其親，不恤其民，不敬其神，不睦其鄰，不禮其賓，其能久乎！ 余將僧服而北逃，會相見於上國耳。」
When Lu Sun reached Fuzhou, the Min ruler pleaded illness and refused an audience, sending his younger brother Jigong to receive him instead. He dispatched Zheng Yuanbi of the Ministry of Rites to present Jigong's memorial and accompany Sun to court with tribute. The Min ruler treated Sun rudely; a scholar named Lin Shengzou privately told him, "Our lord neglects his sovereign, his kin, and his people; he dishonors the spirits, alienates his neighbors, and insults his guests—how can such a rule endure? I mean to take the tonsure and flee north—we shall meet again in your capital."
10
三月，庚戌，唐主追尊吳王恪為定宗孝靜皇帝，自曾祖以下皆追尊廟號及謚。
In the third month, on gengxu day, the Tang ruler posthumously ennobled Prince Wu Li Ke as Emperor Dingzong Xiaojing and granted temple names and posthumous titles to his forebears back to his great-grandfather.
11
己未，詔歸德節度使劉知遠、忠武節度使杜重威並加同平章事。 知遠自以有佐命功，重威起於外戚，無大功，恥與之同制。 制下數日，杜門四表辭不受。 帝怒，謂趙瑩曰：「重威，朕之妹夫，知遠雖有功，何得堅拒制命！ 可落軍權，令歸私第！」 瑩拜請曰：「陛下昔在晉陽，兵不過五千，為唐兵十餘萬所攻，危於朝露，非知遠心如鐵石，豈能成大業！ 奈何以小過棄之，竊恐此語外聞，非所以彰人君之大度也。」 帝意乃解，命端明殿學士和凝詣知遠第諭旨，知遠惶恐，起受命。
On jiwei day an edict made Liu Zhiyuan of Guide and Du Chongwei of Zhongwu both chief ministers with the Tongpingzhangshi title. Zhiyuan believed he had earned the throne by founding service, while Chongwei had risen only as an imperial in-law without comparable merit; he was ashamed to share the same rank. Within days of the decree he shut his gates and sent four memorials refusing the post. The emperor was furious and told Zhao Ying, "Chongwei is my brother-in-law; even if Zhiyuan has merit, how dare he defy an imperial appointment! Strip him of command and send him home!" Ying bowed and pleaded, "At Jinyang Your Majesty had barely five thousand men against more than a hundred thousand Tang troops—peril thin as morning dew. Without Zhiyuan's iron resolve, the founding could never have succeeded! To discard him over a trifle—if word of this spreads abroad, it will not show the magnanimity a ruler should display." The emperor relented and sent He Ning of the Duanming Hall to Zhiyuan's house with the imperial message; Zhiyuan, alarmed, rose and accepted.
12
尋州戌將王彥忠據懷遠城叛，上遣供奉官齊延祚往招諭之； 彥忠降，延祚殺之。 上怒曰：「朕踐祚以來，未嘗失信於人，彥忠已輸仗出迎，延祚何得擅殺之！」 除延祚名，重杖配流，議者猶以為延祚不應免死。
Wang Yanzhong, garrison commander of Xun, seized Huaiyuan and rebelled; the emperor sent palace attendant Qi Yanzuo to offer terms; Yanzhong submitted, but Yanzuo killed him anyway. The emperor raged, "Since my accession I have never broken faith; Yanzhong had surrendered his arms and come out to submit—how dare Yanzuo kill him on his own!" Yanzuo was struck from the rolls, heavily flogged, and exiled; many still thought he deserved execution.
13
辛酉，冊回鶻可汗仁美為奉化可汗。
On xinyou day the Uyghur qaghan Renmei was invested as Qaghan of Fulfilled Submission.
14
夏，四月，唐江王徐知證等請亦姓李； 不許。
In summer, the fourth month, Prince Jiang Xu Zhizheng and others asked permission to adopt the Li surname as well; the request was denied.
15
辛巳，唐主祀南郊； 癸未，大赦。
On xinsi day the Tang ruler offered sacrifice at the Southern Suburb; on guiwei day he proclaimed a general amnesty.
16
梁太祖以來，軍國大政，天子多與崇政、樞密使議，宰相受成命，行制敕，講典故，治文事而已。 帝懲唐明宗之世安重誨專橫，故即位之初，但命桑維翰兼樞密使。 及劉處讓為樞密使，奏對多不稱旨，會處讓遭母喪，甲申，廢樞密院，以印付中書，院事皆委宰相分判。 以副使張從恩為宣徽使，直學士、倉部郎中司徒詡、工部郎中顏衎並罷守本官。 然勳臣近習不知大體，習於故事，每欲復之。
Since Liang Taizu, emperors had usually decided military and state policy with the Chongzheng commissioners and the Bureau of Military Affairs; chief ministers merely executed orders, issued decrees, cited precedent, and handled paperwork. Mindful of An Chonghui's arrogance under Tang Mingzong, the emperor at his accession had appointed only Sang Weihan to double as commissioner of military affairs. When Liu Churang took the post, his audiences often missed the mark; when he entered mourning for his mother, on jiashen day the Bureau of Military Affairs was abolished, its seal handed to the Secretariat, and its duties divided among the chief ministers. Vice commissioner Zhang Cong'en became palace commissioner; direct academician Situ Xu of the Granaries Bureau and Yan Kan of the Works Bureau were relieved to their original posts. Yet meritorious officials and court intimates, wedded to old practice and blind to larger policy, kept pressing for its restoration.
17
帝以唐之大臣除名在兩京者皆貧悴，復以李專美為贊善大夫，丙戌，以韓昭胤為兵部尚書，馬胤孫為太子賓客，房暠為右驍衛大將軍，並致仕。 閩主忌其叔父前建州刺史延武、戶部尚書延望才名，巫者林興與延武有怨，托鬼神語云：「延武、延望將為變。」 閩主不復詰，使興帥壯士就第殺之，並其五子。 閩主用陳守元言，作三清殿於禁中，以黃金數千斤鑄寶皇大帝、天尊、老君像，晝夜作樂，焚香禱祀，求神丹。 政無大小，皆林興傳寶皇命決之。
Noting that dismissed Tang ministers languishing in the two capitals were destitute, the emperor restored Li Zhuanmei as mentor to the heir; on bingxu day he named Han Zhaoyin minister of war, Ma Yinsun mentor to the crown prince, and Fang Gao general of the right valiant guards—all honorific retirements. The Min ruler resented his uncles Yanwu, former prefect of Jian, and Yanwang, minister of revenue, for their renown; the shaman Lin Xing, who hated Yanwu, claimed the spirits said, "Yanwu and Yanwang are plotting rebellion." The Min ruler asked no more questions but sent Xing with strongmen to their homes to kill them and their five sons. At Chen Shouyuan's urging the Min ruler built the Hall of the Three Pure Ones in the palace and cast statues of the August Emperor, the Heavenly Venerable, and Lord Lao from thousands of jin of gold; day and night musicians played while he burned incense and prayed for the elixir of life. Great and small affairs of state were all decided by Lin Xing relaying the August Emperor's commands.
18
戊申，加楚王希範天策上將軍，賜印，聽開府置官屬。
On wushen day Prince Chu Ma Xifan was made Grand General of the Heavenly Stratagem, given a seal, and allowed to establish a staff with full appointments.
19
辛亥，唐徙吉王景遂為壽王，立壽陽公景達為宣城王。
On xinhai day Tang moved Prince Ji Li Jingsui to the title Prince of Shou and made Duke Jingda of Shouyang prince of Xuancheng.
20
乙卯，唐鎮海節度使兼中書令梁懷王徐知諤卒。
On yimao day Xu Zhi'e, Prince of Lianghuai, military commissioner of Zhenhai and concurrent grand councilor, died.
21
唐人遷讓皇之族於泰州，號永寧宮，防衛甚嚴。 康化節度使兼中書令楊珙稱疾，罷歸永寧宮。 乙丑，以平盧節度使兼中書令楊璉為康化節度使； 璉固辭，請終喪，從之。
The Tang moved the abdicated emperor's kin to Taizhou in a compound called the Palace of Eternal Peace, under heavy guard. Yang Gong, military commissioner of Kanghua and concurrent grand councilor, pleaded illness and retired to the Palace of Eternal Peace. On yichou day Yang Lian, military commissioner of Pinglu and concurrent grand councilor, was made military commissioner of Kanghua; Lian firmly declined and asked to finish mourning his father; the request was granted.
22
唐主將立齊王璟為太子，固辭； 乃以為諸道兵馬大元帥、判六軍諸衛、守太尉、錄尚書事、升、揚二州牧。
The Tang ruler wished to name Prince Qi Li Jing crown prince, but Jing firmly declined; instead he was made grand marshal of all circuits, controller of the six armies and guards, acting grand preceptor, recorder of the secretariat, and governor of Sheng and Yang.
23
閩判六軍諸衛建王繼嚴得士心，閩主忌之，六月，罷其兵柄，更名繼裕； 以弟繼鏞判六軍，去諸衛字。 林興詐覺，流泉州。 望氣者言宮中有災，乙未，閩主徙居長春宮。
In Min, Prince Jian Jiyan, who commanded the six armies and guards, had won the troops' loyalty; the Min ruler resented this; in the sixth month he was stripped of command and renamed Jiyu; his younger brother Jiyong was put over the six armies, the "and guards" dropped from the title. Lin Xing's deception was exposed and he was banished to Quanzhou. Geomancers warned of calamity within the palace; on yiwei day the Min ruler moved to the Everlasting Spring Palace.
24
秋，七月，庚子朔，日有食之。
In autumn, on the first day of the seventh month, gengzi, there was a solar eclipse.
25
成德節度使安重榮出於行伍，性粗率，恃勇驕暴，每謂人曰：「今世天子，兵強馬壯則為之耳。」 府廨有幡竿高數十尺，嘗挾弓矢謂左右曰：「我能中竿上龍首者，必有天命。」 一發中之，以是益自負。 帝之遣重榮代秘瓊也，戒之曰：「瓊不受代，當別除汝一鎮，勿以力取，恐為患滋深。」 重榮由是以帝為怯，謂人曰：「秘瓊匹夫耳，天子尚畏之，況我以將相之重，士馬之眾乎！」 每所奏請多逾分，為執政所可否，意憤憤不快，乃聚亡命，市戰馬，有飛揚之志。 帝知之，義武節度使皇甫遇與重榮姻家，甲辰，徙遇為昭義節度使。
An Chongrong of Chengde was a common soldier risen to command—blunt, violent, and swollen with pride; he liked to say, "In our day whoever has the strongest army and horses can be emperor." His headquarters had a banner pole dozens of feet tall; once, bow in hand, he told his attendants, "If I can hit the dragon's head on that pole, Heaven has chosen me." He struck it on the first shot and grew still more arrogant. When the emperor sent Chongrong to replace Mi Qiong, he warned, "If Qiong refuses to step down, I will give you another circuit—do not seize it by force, or trouble will only grow." Chongrong concluded the emperor was timid and said, "Mi Qiong is nobody, yet the emperor fears him—what of a man of my rank with armies at his back!" His demands often overstepped bounds; when the court granted or denied them he seethed, gathered outlaws, bought war horses, and nursed rebellious ambitions. The emperor knew; Huangfu Yu of Yiwu was related to Chongrong by marriage; on jiachen day Yu was transferred to Zhaoyi.
26
乙巳，閩北宮火，焚宮殿殆盡。
On yisi day fire consumed the northern palace of Min and nearly destroyed it entirely.
27
戊申，薛融等上所定編敕，行之。
On wushen day Xue Rong and others presented the compiled statutes they had drafted, and they took effect.
28
丙辰，敕：「先令天下公私鑄錢，今私錢多用鉛錫，小弱缺薄，宜皆禁之，專令官司自鑄。」
On bingchen day an edict declared, "Private minting was once allowed, but private coin is now debased with lead and tin—small, thin, and worthless. Ban it entirely and reserve minting to the state alone."
29
西京留守楊光遠疏中書侍郎、同平章事桑維翰遷除不公及營邸肆於兩都，與民爭利； 帝不得已，閏月，壬申，出維翰為彰德節度使兼侍中。
Yang Guangyuan, governor of the western capital, accused chief minister Sang Weihan of unfair promotions and of running shops in both capitals at the people's expense; the emperor had no choice; in the intercalary month, on renshen day, he posted Weihan to Zhangde as military commissioner and palace attendant.
30
初，義武節度使王處直子威，避王都之難，亡在契丹，至是，義武缺帥，契丹主遣使來言，「請使威襲父土地，如我朝之法。」 帝辭以「中國之法必自刺史、團練、防禦序遷乃至節度使，請遣威至此，漸加進用。」 契丹主怒，復遣使來言曰：「爾自節度使為天子，亦有階級邪！」 帝恐其滋蔓不已，厚賂契丹，且請以處直兄孫彰德節度使廷胤為義武節度使以厭其意。 契丹怒稍解。
Earlier Wang Wei, son of Yiwu's Wang Chuzhi, had fled Wang Du's revolt and taken refuge with the Khitan; now Yiwu lacked a commander, and the Khitan ruler sent envoys asking that Wei inherit his father's domain "as our law provides." The emperor refused, citing Chinese practice: "One rises from prefect through training and defense commissioner to military commissioner—send Wei here and we will promote him in due course." The Khitan ruler was furious and sent envoys again: "You yourself rose from military commissioner to emperor—do ranks matter for you or not!" Fearing the dispute would widen, the emperor lavished gifts on the Khitan and offered Wang Tingyin of Zhangde, Chuzhi's grandnephew, as military commissioner of Yiwu to appease them. The Khitan ruler's anger eased somewhat.
31
初，閩惠宗以太祖元從為拱宸、按鶴都，及康宗立，更募壯士二千人為腹心，號宸衛都，祿賜皆厚於二都； 或言二都怨望，將作亂，閩主欲分隸漳、泉二州，二都益怒。 閩主好為長夜之飲，強群臣酒，醉則令左右伺其過失； 從弟繼隆醉失禮，斬之。 屢以猜怒誅宗室，叔父左僕射、同平章事延羲陽為狂愚以避禍，閩主賜以道士服，置武夷山中； 尋復召還，幽於私第。 閩主數侮拱宸、控鶴軍使永泰朱文進、光山連重遇，二人怨之。 會北宮火，求賊不獲； 閩主命重遇將內外營兵掃除餘燼，日役萬人，士卒甚苦之。 又疑重遇知縱火之謀，欲誅之； 內學士陳郯私告重遇。 辛巳夜，重遇入直，帥二都兵焚長春宮以攻閩主，使人迎延羲於瓦礫中，呼萬歲； 復召外營兵共攻閩主； 獨宸衛都拒戰，閩主乃與李-{后}-如宸衛都。 比明，亂兵焚宸衛都，宸衛都戰敗，餘眾千餘人奉閩主及李-{后}-出北關，至梧桐嶺，眾稍逃散。 延羲使兄子前汀州剌史繼業將兵追之，及於村舍； 閩主素善射，引弓殺數人。 俄而追兵雲集，閩主知不免，投弓謂繼業曰：「卿臣節安在！」 繼業曰：「君無君德，臣安有臣節！ 新君，叔父也，舊君，昆弟也，孰親孰疏？」 閩主不復言。 繼業與之俱還，至陀莊，飲以酒，醉而縊之，並李-{后}-及諸子、王繼恭皆死。 宸衛餘眾奔吳越。 延羲自稱威武節度使、閩國王，更名曦，改元永隆，赦系囚，頒賚中外。 以宸衛弒閩主赴於鄰國； 謚閩主曰聖神英睿文明廣武應道大弘孝皇帝，廟號康宗。 遣商人間道奉表稱籓於晉； 然其在國，置百官皆如天子之制。 以太子太傅致仕李真為司空兼中書侍郎、同平章事。 連重遇之攻康宗也，陳守元在宮中，易服將逃，兵人殺之。 重遇執蔡守蒙，數以賣官之罪而斬之。 閩王曦既立，遣使誅林興於泉州。
Earlier Min Huizong had organized the founding companions into the Palatial Guard and Crane-Pressing commands; when Kangzong took the throne he recruited two thousand more elite troops as his personal guard, the Imperial Guard command, with pay and gifts exceeding the older units; rumors spread that the two older commands were mutinous; the Min ruler planned to split them between Zhang and Quan prefectures, which only inflamed them further. The Min ruler loved all-night banquets, forced his ministers to drink, and when they were drunk had attendants spy on their missteps; his cousin Jilong, drunk and discourteous, was beheaded. Again and again he killed kinsmen on mere suspicion; his uncle Yanxi, chief minister of Min, feigned idiocy to survive, was given Taoist garb, and was sent to live on Mount Wuyi; Soon afterward Yanxi was recalled and kept under house arrest. The Min ruler often humiliated Zhu Wenjin and Lian Chongyu, who commanded the Palatial Guard and Crane-Pressing corps, and both men came to hate him. Then the northern palace burned, and no arsonist could be found; the Min ruler put Chongyu in charge of ten thousand men a day from the inner and outer camps to clear the ashes, and the troops were driven to misery. He also suspected Chongyu of complicity in the fire and planned to kill him; the inner academician Chen Tan warned Chongyu in secret. That night, xinsi day, Chongyu went on palace duty, rallied both guard corps, set Changchun Palace ablaze, and marched on the Min ruler; his men hauled Yanxi from the ruins and shouted acclamation. He then called in the outer garrison to strike the Min ruler together; only the Imperial Guard held its ground; the Min ruler fled with Empress Li to join them. At daybreak the rebels torched the Imperial Guard camp and broke them; a thousand-odd survivors shepherded the Min ruler and Empress Li through the north gate to Wutong Ridge, but the party steadily melted away. Yanxi dispatched his nephew Jiye, lately prefect of Ting, with troops in pursuit and overtook them at a hamlet; The Min ruler was a fine archer and shot down several pursuers. Before long the chase closed in; seeing the end, the Min ruler dropped his bow and cried to Jiye, "Where is your loyalty as a subject!" Jiye answered, "A lord without lordly virtue earns no subject's loyalty! The new sovereign is my uncle; the old one is my cousin—which bond should weigh more?" The Min ruler fell silent. Jiye brought him back to Tuozhuang, plied him with wine, and strangled him once he was drunk; Empress Li, the princes, and Wang Jigong all perished with him. Survivors of the Imperial Guard escaped into Wuyue territory. Yanxi proclaimed himself military commissioner of Weiwu and king of Min, took the name Xi, declared the Yonglong era, freed prisoners, and showered gifts on court and country alike. He banished the Imperial Guard that had killed the Min ruler to a neighboring realm; and posthumously ennobled the fallen ruler with the grand temple name Kangzong and an equally grand honorific title. Through covert traders he sent tribute and a memorial submitting to Jin as a vassal; yet at home he staffed every office as if he were emperor in his own right. He named the retired grand mentor Li Zhen grand minister of works and chief minister. During Chongyu's assault on Kangzong, Chen Shouyuan was inside the palace changing clothes to flee when the mutineers cut him down. Chongyu seized Cai Shoumeng, denounced him for selling offices, and executed him. Once King Xi of Min was secure on the throne, he sent agents to kill Lin Xing at Quanzhou.
32
河決亳州。
The Yellow River broke through its dikes at Bozhou.
33
八月，辛丑，以馮道守司徒兼侍中。 壬寅，詔中書知印止委上相，由是事無鉅細，悉委於道。 帝嘗訪以軍謀，對曰：「征伐大事，在聖心獨斷。 臣書生，惟知謹守歷代成規而已。」 帝以為然。 道嘗稱疾求退，帝使鄭王重貴詣第省之，曰：「來日不出，朕當親往。」 道乃出視事。 當時寵遇，群臣無與為比。
In the eighth month, on xinchou day, Feng Dao was confirmed as grand mentor and palace attendant. On renyin day the throne ruled that only the senior chief minister might hold the Secretariat seal, and from then on every affair, large or small, passed through Dao alone. When the emperor asked his view on strategy, Dao answered, "War and conquest are for the sacred mind alone to decide. I am only a scholar and can advise you to keep to the precedents of former dynasties." The emperor accepted the answer. Dao once feigned illness and sought retirement; the emperor sent Prince of Zheng Chonggui to visit him with the warning, "If you do not attend court tomorrow, I will come to your house myself." Dao thereupon returned to office. No other minister enjoyed such trust and privilege.
34
己酉，以吳越王元瓘為天下兵馬元帥。
On jiyou day Qian Yuanguan of Wuyue was named commander-in-chief of all armies under heaven.
35
黔南巡內溪州刺史彭士愁引蔣、錦州蠻萬餘人寇辰、澧州，焚掠鎮戍，遣使乞師於蜀； 蜀主以道遠，不許。 九月，辛未，楚王希範命左靜江指揮使劉勍、決勝指揮使廖匡齊帥衡山兵五千討之。
Peng Shichou, inner prefect of Xunnei in southern Qian, rallied more than ten thousand tribal warriors from Jiang and Jin to storm Chen and Li, burn frontier posts, and ask Shu for reinforcements; but the Shu ruler, pleading distance, declined. In the ninth month, on xinwei day, King Xifan of Chu sent Liu Peng of the Tranquil River command and Liao Kuangqi of the Victory command with five thousand Hengshan troops to suppress them.
36
癸未，以唐許王從益為郇國公，奉唐祀。 從益尚幼，李-{后}-養從益於宮中，奉王淑妃如事母。
On guiwei day the Tang heir Congyi, Prince of Xu, was enfeoffed as Duke of Xun to keep the Tang ancestral rites. Congyi was still a child; Empress Li reared him in the palace and had him honor Princess Consort Wang Shufei as a mother.
37
冬，十月，庚戌，閩康宗所遣使者鄭元弼至大梁。 康宗遺執政書曰：「閩國一從興運，久歷年華，見北辰之帝座頻移，致東海之風帆多阻。」 又求用敵國禮致書往來。 帝怒其不遜，壬子，詔卻其貢物及福、建諸州綱運，並令元弼及進奏官林恩部送速歸。 兵部員外郎李知損上言：「王昶僭慢，宜執留使者，籍沒其貨。」 乃下元弼、恩獄。
In winter, the tenth month, on gengxu day, Kangzong's envoy Zheng Yuanbi arrived at the Later Jin capital, Daliang. Kangzong's letter to the Jin ministers read, "Min has ridden the tide of empire for many years, yet as the northern throne keeps changing hands, our ships on the eastern sea are repeatedly blocked from paying court." He also demanded that future letters follow the etiquette reserved for equal powers. Outraged by the presumption, the emperor on renzi day rejected their gifts and the tax convoys from Fu, Jian, and neighboring prefectures, and ordered Yuanbi and the memorial officer Lin En sent home at once under escort. Li Zhisun of the War Ministry urged, "Wang Chang is insolent; hold the envoys and seize their cargo." Yuanbi and Lin En were jailed.
38
吳越恭穆夫人馬氏卒。 夫人，雄武節度使綽之女也。 初，武肅王鏐禁中外畜聲妓，文穆王元瓘年三十餘無子，夫人為之請於鏐，鏐喜曰：「吾家祭祀，汝實主之。」 乃聽元瓘納妾。 鹿氏，生弘僔、弘倧； 許氏，生弘佐； 吳氏，生弘俶； 眾妾生弘偡，弘億、弘儀、弘偓、弘仰、弘信； 夫人撫視慈愛如一。 常置銀鹿於帳前，坐諸兒於上而弄之。
Lady Ma, styled Respectful and Solemn, consort of Wuyue, died. She was the daughter of Qian Chuo, military commissioner of Xiongwu. Long before, King Wusu Qian Liu had banned music girls throughout his realm; Yuanguan passed thirty childless, and his wife pleaded with Liu, who rejoiced and said, "Our line's sacrifices rest on you alone." Liu then let Yuanguan take concubines. Lu bore Hongpu and Hongzong; Xu bore Hongzuo; Wu bore Hongchu; the lesser consorts bore Hongsi, Hongyi, Hongyi, Hongwo, Hongyang, and Hongxin; yet the principal wife raised every child with equal tenderness. She kept a silver deer by her couch, set the boys on its back, and played with them there.
39
十一月，戊子，契丹遣其臣遙折來使，遂如吳越。
In the eleventh month, on wuzi day, the Khitan dispatched Yaozhe as envoy, and he continued on to Wuyue.
40
楚王希範始開天策府，置護軍都尉、領軍司馬等官，以諸弟及將校為之。 又以幕僚拓跋恆、李弘皋、廖匡圖、徐仲雅等十八人為學士。
King Xifan of Chu founded the Celestial Policy Bureau, creating posts such as guard commandant and army marshal for his brothers and commanders. He named eighteen advisers, including Tuoba Heng, Li Honggao, Liao Kuangtu, and Xu Zhongya, as bureau scholars.
41
劉勍等進攻溪州，彭士愁兵敗，棄州走保山寨； 石崖四絕，勍為梯棧上圍之。 廖匡齊戰死，楚王希範遣吊其母，其母不哭，謂使者曰：「廖氏三百口受王溫飽之賜，舉族效死，未足以報，況一子乎！ 願王無以為念。」 王以其母為賢，厚恤其家。
Liu Peng pressed into Xizhou; Peng Shichou was routed, abandoned the city, and retreated to a cliffside fort; with cliffs on every side Peng erected scaling ladders and walkways to invest the height. Liao Kuangqi fell in the fighting; King Xifan sent condolences to his mother, who refused to mourn and told the messenger, "Three hundred Liao mouths have fed at the king's table; our clan owes him our lives—why grieve for one son? Tell the king not to trouble himself on our account." Moved by her nobility, the king lavished rewards on her household.
42
十二月，丙戌，禁刱造佛寺。
In the twelfth month, on bingxu day, the throne banned the construction of new Buddhist temples.
43
閩王作新宮，徙居之。
The Min king finished a new palace and took up residence there.
44
是歲，漢門下侍郎、同平章事趙光裔言於漢主曰：「自馬後崩，未嘗通使於楚，親鄰舊好，不可忘也。」 因薦諫議大夫李紓可以將命，漢主從之； 楚亦遣使報聘。 光裔相漢二十餘年，府庫充實，邊境無虞。 及卒，漢主復以其子翰林學士承旨、尚書左丞損為門下侍郎、同平章事。
That year Han chief minister Zhao Guangyi told his sovereign, "Since Empress Ma's death we have sent no envoys to Chu, yet that neighbor is kin by marriage and should not be neglected." He recommended remonstrance officer Li Shu as envoy, and the Han ruler assented; Chu reciprocated with envoys of its own. Guangyi had governed Han for over twenty years, filling the coffers and keeping the frontiers quiet. After his death the Han ruler promoted his son Sun, a Hanlin expositor and vice director, to chief minister in his father's place.
45
高祖聖文章武明德孝皇帝中天福五年（ 庚子，公元九四零年）
Reign of Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin, fifth year of Tianfu ( gengzi, the year 940 CE)
46
春，正月，帝引見閩使鄭元弼等。 元弼曰：「王昶蠻夷之君，不知禮義，陛下得其善言不足喜，惡言不足怒。 臣將命無狀，願伏鈇鍎以贖昶罪。」 帝憐之，辛未，詔釋元弼等。
In spring, the first month, the emperor received the Min envoys led by Zheng Yuanbi. Yuanbi said, "King Chang is a frontier ruler ignorant of ceremony; good words or bad from him should neither please nor vex Your Majesty. I alone failed in my mission and beg to die in his stead." The emperor was moved; on xinwei day he ordered Yuanbi and his party freed.
47
楚劉勍等因大風，以火箭焚彭士愁寨而攻之，士愁帥麾下逃入獎、錦深山，乙未，遣其子師暠帥諸酋長納溪、錦、獎三州印，請降於楚。
Liu Peng exploited a gale to rain fire-arrows on Peng Shichou's camp; Shichou fled into the Jiang-Jin highlands, and on yiwei day his son Shigao led the tribal chiefs in surrendering the seals of Xi, Jin, and Jiang to Chu.
48
二月，庚戌，北都留守、同平章事安彥威入朝，上曰：「吾所重者信與義。 昔契丹以義救我，我今以信報之； 聞其徵求不已，公能屈節奉之，深稱朕意。」 對曰：「陛下以蒼生之故，猶卑辭厚幣以事之，臣何屈節之有！」 上悅。 劉勍引兵還長沙。 楚王希範徙溪州於便地，表彭士愁為溪州刺史，以劉勍為錦州刺史； 自是群蠻服於楚。 希範自謂伏波之後，以銅五千斤鑄柱，高丈二尺，入地六尺，銘誓狀於上，立之溪州。
In the second month, on gengxu day, northern capital governor An Yanwei arrived at court; the emperor told him, "I hold trust and duty above all. The Khitan once saved us from righteousness; now I repay them in good faith; their exactions never end, and if you can bow to their demands you will serve my purpose well." Yanwei answered, "Your Majesty already humbles himself and heaps gifts on them for the people's sake—what humiliation is there for me!" The emperor was delighted. Liu Peng marched his army back to Changsha. King Xifan relocated Xizhou to easier ground, installed Peng Shichou as its prefect, and made Liu Peng prefect of Jin; after which the hill tribes submitted to Chu. Boasting descent from Ma Yuan the Wave-Pacifier, Xifan cast a five-thousand-catties bronze pillar twelve feet tall, six feet buried, engraved a sworn pact on it, and set it up at Xizhou.
49
唐康化節度使兼中書令楊璉謁平陵還，一夕，大醉，卒於舟中，唐主追封謚曰弘農靖王。
Southern Tang's Yang Lian, military commissioner of Kanghua and director of the secretariat, came back from tomb rites at the Tang mausolea, drank himself insensible one night aboard his boat, and died; the Tang court posthumously ennobled him King Jing of Hongnong.
50
閩王曦既立，驕淫苛虐，猜忌宗族，多尋舊怨。 其弟建州刺史延政數以書諫之，曦怒，復書罵之； 遣親吏業翹監建州軍，教練使杜漢崇監南鎮軍，二人爭捃延政陰事告於曦，由是兄弟積相猜恨。 一日，翹與延政議事不葉，翹訶之曰：「公反邪！」 延政怒，欲斬翹； 翹奔南鎮，延政發兵就攻之，敗其戍兵。 翹、漢崇奔福州，西鄙戍兵皆潰。
Once enthroned, King Xi of Min grew arrogant, debauched, and cruel, eyed his kinsmen with suspicion, and hunted old scores. His brother Yanzheng, prefect of Jian, wrote again and again to remonstrate; Xi answered with scathing letters; he posted his confidant Ye Qiao over the Jian army and training commissioner Du Hanchong over the southern camp; both men raced to dig up Yanzheng's secrets for Xi, and hatred between the brothers mounted. One day Qiao quarreled with Yanzheng in council and shouted, "Are you raising rebellion!" Yanzheng flew into a rage and tried to execute him; Qiao ran to the southern camp; Yanzheng marched on it and routed the garrison. Qiao and Hanchong fled to Fuzhou, and the western outposts melted away.
51
二月，曦遣統軍使潘師逵、吳行真將兵四萬擊延政。 師逵軍於建州城西，行真軍於城南，皆阻水置營，焚城外廬舍。 延政求救於吳越，壬戌，吳越王元瓘遣寧國節度使、同平章事仰仁詮、內都監使薛萬忠將兵四萬救之，丞相林鼎諫，不聽。 三月，戊辰，師逵分兵三千，遣都軍使蔡弘裔將之出戰，延政遣其將林漢徹等敗之於茶山，斬首千餘級。
In the second month Xi dispatched Pan Shikui and Wu Xingzhen with forty thousand men against Yanzheng. Shikui pitched west of Jian and Xingzhen south of it; each camped beyond the river and torched the suburbs. Yanzheng called on Wuyue for help. On renxu, King Yuan Guan of Wuyue dispatched Yang Renquan, military commissioner of Ningguo and Grand Councilor, and Xue Wanzhong, inner palace commissioner, with forty thousand men to relieve him. Chancellor Lin Ding urged against it; the king paid no heed. In the third month, on wuchen, Shikui detached three thousand men under Army Controller Cai Hongyi for a sortie. Yanzheng sent Lin Hanche and other commanders to rout them at Mount Cha and took more than a thousand heads.
52
安彥威、王建立皆請致仕； 不許。 辛未，以歸德節度使、侍衛馬步都指揮使、同平章事劉知遠為鄴都留守，徙彥威為歸德節度使，加兼侍中。 癸酉，徙建立為昭義節度使，進爵韓王； 以建立遼州人，割遼、沁二州隸昭義。 徙建雄節度使李德珫為北都留守。 山南東道節度使，同平章事安從進恃其險固，陰蓄異謀，擅邀取湖南貢物，招納亡命，增廣甲卒； 元隨都押牙王令謙、押牙潘知麟諫，皆殺之。 及王建立徙潞州，帝使問之曰：「朕虛青州以待卿，卿有意則降制。」 從進對曰：「若移青州置漢南，臣即赴鎮。」 帝亦不之責。
Both An Yanwei and Wang Jianli asked permission to retire; the emperor refused. On xinwei, Liu Zhiyuan—Guide military commissioner, commander of the palace horse and foot, and Grand Councilor—was made defender of the Ye capital; Yanwei was shifted to Guide military commissioner and given the concurrent title of Palace Secretary. On guiyou, Jianli was moved to Zhaoyi military commissioner and raised to Prince of Han; as Jianli came from Liao, the prefectures of Liao and Qin were carved out for Zhaoyi. Li Deqiu, military commissioner of Jianxiong, was reassigned as defender of the northern capital. An Congjin of Shannan East Circuit, a Grand Councilor, trusted his mountain fastness, nursed secret treason, seized Hunan tribute on his own, gathered outlaws, and swelled his armored ranks; Wang Lingqian, chief adjutant at Yuan Sui, and adjutant Pan Zhilin protested; Congjin had them both executed. After Wang Jianli was posted to Luzhou, the emperor sent word: "I have kept Qingzhou open for you. Say the word and I will issue the appointment." Congjin answered, "Move Qingzhou south of the Han and I will take up the post at once." The emperor let the insolence pass without rebuke.
53
丁丑，王延政募敢死士千餘人，夜涉水，潛入潘師逵壘，因風縱火，城上鼓噪以應之，戰棹都頭建安陳誨殺師逵，其眾皆潰。 戊寅，引兵欲攻吳行真寨，建人未涉水，行真及將士棄營走，死者萬人。 延政乘勝取永平、順昌二城。 自是建州之兵始盛。
On dingchou, Yanzheng raised over a thousand volunteers who crossed the river by night, slipped into Pan Shikui's camp, and lit fires on the wind while the garrison roared from the walls. Chen Hui of Jian'an, chief of the battle-oars, slew Shikui and the army broke. On wuyin he marched on Wu Xingzhen's camp. The Jian troops had not yet reached the ford when Xingzhen and his men fled their lines; ten thousand perished in the rout. Riding the victory, Yanzheng seized Yongping and Shunchang. From then on Jian's armies gathered real strength.
54
夏，四月，蜀太保兼門下侍郎、同平章事趙季良請與門下侍郎、同平章事毋昭裔，中書侍郎、同平章事張業分判三司，癸卯，蜀主命季良判戶部，昭裔判鹽鐵，業判度支。
In summer, fourth month, Zhao Jiliang of Shu—Grand Mentor, Vice Director of the Secretariat, and Grand Councilor—asked to split the Three Offices with Wu Zhaoyi and Zhang Ye. On guimao the Shu ruler put Jiliang over the household accounts, Zhaoyi over salt and iron, and Ye over the budget.
55
庚戌，以前橫海節度使馬全節為安遠節度使。
On gengxu, Ma Quanjie, formerly of Henghai, was appointed military commissioner of Anyuan.
56
甲子，吳越孝獻世子弘僔卒。
On jiazi, Hong Pu, heir of Wuyue's Xiaoxian, died.
57
吳越仰仁詮等兵至建州，王延政以福州兵已敗去，奉牛酒犒之，請班師； 仁詮等不從，營於城之西北。 延政懼，復遣使乞師於閩王。 閩王以泉州刺史王繼業為行營都統，將兵二萬救之； 且移書責吳越，遣輕兵絕吳越糧道。 會久雨，吳越軍食盡，五月，延政遣兵出擊，大破之，俘斬以萬計。 癸未，仁詮等詮遁。
When Yang Renquan's Wuyue army reached Jian, Yanzheng—Fuzhou's forces having already been beaten off—brought cattle and wine to entertain them and begged them to march home; Renquan refused and pitched camp northwest of the walls. Fearful now, Yanzheng once more pleaded with the King of Min for reinforcements. The King of Min named Quanzhou prefect Wang Jiye supreme field commander and marched twenty thousand men to his aid; he rebuked Wuyue in writing and sent light forces to sever their grain route. Endless rain emptied Wuyue's stores. In the fifth month Yanzheng counterattacked, shattered them, and killed or captured tens of thousands. On guimao, Renquan and his command fled in disorder.
58
胡漢筠既違詔命不詣闕，又聞賈仁沼二子欲訴諸朝； 及除馬全節鎮安州代李金全，漢筠紿金全曰：「進奏吏遣人倍道來言，朝廷俟公受代，即按賈仁沼死狀，以為必有異圖。」 金全大懼。 漢筠因說金全拒命，自歸於唐； 金全從之。 丙戌，帝聞金全叛，命馬全節以汴、洛、汝、鄭、單、宋、陳、蔡、曹、濮、申、唐之兵討之，以保大節度使安審暉為之副。 審暉，審琦之兄也。 李金全遣推官張緯奉表請降於唐，唐主遣鄂州屯營使李承裕、段處恭將兵三千逆之。
Hu Hanjun had ignored the summons to court and now learned that Jia Renzhao's two sons meant to petition the throne; When Ma Quanjie was named to replace Li Jinquan at Anzhou, Hanjun lied to Jinquan: "A courier from the memorial office rode night and day to say that once you hand over command the court will reopen the inquiry into Jia Renzhao's death—they think you are plotting something." Jinquan was terrified. Hanjun then persuaded Jinquan to defy orders and go over to Tang; Jinquan agreed. On bingxu, learning of the revolt, the emperor sent Ma Quanjie against him with armies from Bian, Luo, Ru, Zheng, Shan, Song, Chen, Cai, Cao, Pu, Shen, and Tang, with Baoda military commissioner An Shenhui as second in command. Shenhui was Shenqi's elder brother. Jinquan sent aide Zhang Wei with a petition of surrender to Tang. The Tang ruler dispatched Li Chengyu and Duan Chugong of the Ezhou garrison with three thousand men to receive him.
59
唐主遣客省使尚全恭如閩，和閩王曦及王延政。 六月，延政遣牙將及女奴持誓書及香爐至福州，與曦盟於宣陵。 然兄弟相猜恨猶如故。
The Tang ruler sent Shang Quangong, guest-reception commissioner, to Min to make peace between King Xi and Wang Yanzheng. In the sixth month Yanzheng sent a staff officer and a bondwoman with the covenant and a censer to Fuzhou, where he swore brotherhood with Xi at the Xuan tombs. Still, the brothers' suspicion and rancor were unchanged.
60
癸卯，唐李承裕等引兵至安州。 是夕，李金全將麾下數百人詣唐軍，妓妾資財皆為承裕所奪，承裕入據安州。 甲辰，馬全節自應山進軍大化鎮，與承裕戰於城南，大破之。 承裕掠安州南走，全節入安州。 丙午，安審暉追敗唐兵於黃花谷，段處恭戰死。 丁未，審暉又敗唐兵於雲夢澤中，虜承裕及其眾。 唐將張建崇據雲夢橋拒戰，審暉乃還。 馬全節斬承裕及其眾千五百人於城下，送監軍杜光業等五百七人於大梁。 上曰：「此曹何罪！」 皆賜馬及器服而歸之。 初，盧文進之奔吳也，唐主命祖全恩將兵逆之，戒無入安州城，陳於城外。 俟文進出，殿之以歸，無得剽驚。 及李承裕逆李金全，戒之如全恩； 承裕貪剽掠，與晉兵戰而敗，失亡四千人。 唐主惋恨累日，自以戒敕之不熟也。 杜光業等至唐，唐主以其違命而敗，不受，復送於淮北，遺帝書曰：「邊校貪功，乘便據壘。」 又曰：「軍法朝章，彼此不可。」 帝復遣之歸，使者將自桐墟濟淮，唐主遣戰艦拒之，乃還。 帝悉授唐諸將官，以其士卒為顯義都，命舊將劉康領之。
On guimao, Tang's Li Chengyu and his column reached Anzhou. That night Jinquan came to the Tang camp with a few hundred retainers. Chengyu seized his women and baggage and took possession of Anzhou. On jiachen, Ma Quanjie marched from Yingshan to Dahuazhen and smashed Chengyu south of the walls. Chengyu looted his way south; Quanjie re-entered Anzhou. On bingwu, Shenhui ran down the Tang force at Huanghua Valley; Duan Chugong fell fighting. On dingwei he beat them again in the Yunmeng marshes and took Chengyu and his command prisoner. Tang commander Zhang Jianchong barred the Yunmeng bridge; Shenhui turned back. Ma Quanjie executed Chengyu and fifteen hundred followers before the walls and sent overseer Du Guangye and five hundred seven men to Daliang. The emperor said, "What wrong have these men done!" He gave them all horses, arms, and garments and sent them home. When Lu Wenjin first defected to Wu, the Tang ruler had Zu Quanen meet him with orders not to enter Anzhou—camp outside the walls. Wait for Wenjin to emerge, cover his withdrawal, and forbid pillage. Li Chengyu received the same warning when sent to receive Jinquan; but greed for loot drew him into battle with Jin and cost four thousand lives. The Tang ruler brooded for days, blaming himself for orders too weakly given. When Du Guangye reached Tang, the ruler refused them for disobeying orders and losing the fight, and returned them north of the Huai with a letter: "Border commanders, hungry for glory, took the fort on their own." He added, "Your military law and our court code cannot govern each other." The Jin emperor sent them back once more; as the envoy was crossing from Tongxu, Tang warships turned him away. He commissioned every Tang officer, enrolled the soldiers in the Xianyi Corps, and put veteran Liu Kang in command.
61
巨光曰：違命者，將也，士卒從將之令者也，又何罪乎！ 受而戮其將以謝敵，吊士卒而撫之，斯可矣，何必棄民以資敵國乎！
Guang observed: Only the generals defy orders; the men only obey—why punish them! Take them in, kill the commanders to satisfy the foe, mourn and reassure the ranks—that is enough. Why cast subjects away to arm the enemy!
62
唐主使宦者祭廬山，還，勞之曰：「卿此行甚精潔。」 宦者曰：「臣自奉詔，蔬食至今。」 唐主曰：「卿某處市魚為羹，某日市肉為羹，何為蔬食？」 宦者慚服。 倉吏歲終獻羨餘萬餘石，唐主曰：「出納有數，苟非掊民刻軍，安得羨餘邪！」
The Tang ruler sent a eunuch to offer sacrifice at Mount Lu. On his return he praised him: "You kept the rites with admirable purity." The eunuch said, "From the day I left court I have eaten nothing but greens." The ruler said, "You bought fish stew here and meat stew there—why claim a vegetarian fast?" The eunuch bowed, abashed. At year's end clerks offered more than ten thousand piculs of surplus grain. The Tang ruler said, "Accounts are fixed—without robbing the people and shorting the troops, where does surplus come from!"
63
秋，七月，閩主曦城福州西郭以備建人。 又度民為僧，民避重賦多為僧，凡度萬一千人。
In autumn, seventh month, King Xi of Min fortified Fuzhou's western suburb against Jian. He also tonsured civilians as monks; to dodge taxes multitudes took the robe—ten thousand one hundred in all.
64
乙丑，帝賜鄭元弼等帛，遣歸。 李金全之叛也，安州馬步副都指揮使桑千、威和指揮使王萬金、成彥溫不從而死，馬步都指揮使龐守榮誚其愚，以徇金全之意。 己巳，詔贈賈仁沼及桑千等官，遣使誅守榮於安州。 李金全至金陵，唐主待之甚薄。
On yichou, the emperor gave Zheng Yuanbi and his party silks and dismissed them homeward. In Jinquan's revolt, deputy commander Sang Qian, Weihe commander Wang Wanjin, and Cheng Yantong would not join him and died for it; commander Pang Shourong called them fools and curried favor with Jinquan. On jisi, the court posthumously ennobled Jia Renzhao, Sang Qian, and the rest, and dispatched an agent to kill Shourong at Anzhou. At Jinling, the Tang ruler received Jinquan with thin courtesy.
65
丁巳，唐主立齊王璟為太子，兼大元帥，錄尚書事。
On dingsi, the Tang ruler named Prince of Qi Jing crown prince, Grand Marshal, and chief of Secretariat business.
66
太子太師致仕范延光請歸河陽私第，帝許之。 延光重載而行。 西京留守楊光遠兼領河陽，利其貨，且慮為子孫之患，奏：「延光叛臣，不家汴、洛而就外籓，恐其逃逸入敵國，宜早除之！」 帝不許。 光遠請敕延光居西京，從之。 光遠使其子承貴以甲士圍其第，逼令自殺。 延光曰：「天子在上，賜我鐵券，許以不死，爾父子何得如此？」 己未，承貴以白刃驅延光上馬，至浮梁，擠於河。 光遠奏雲自赴水死，帝知其故，憚光遠之強，不敢詰； 為延光輟朝，贈太師。
Fan Yanguang, retired Grand Mentor, asked leave for his house at Heyang; the emperor agreed. Yanguang departed weighed down with treasure. Yang Guangyuan, defender of the western capital, also governed Heyang, coveted the cargo, and feared future trouble. He memorialized: "Yanguang is a traitor. Rather than stay at Bian or Luo he heads for the marches—he may run to the enemy. Cut him down at once!" The emperor refused. Guangyuan asked that Yanguang be ordered to the western capital; the emperor consented. Guangyuan sent his son Chenggui with armored guards to ring the house and demand suicide. Yanguang cried, "The Son of Heaven gave me an iron pledge of life—how dare you and your father do this? On jiwei, Chenggui forced him onto a horse at sword-point, then at the floating bridge pitched him into the water. Guangyuan reported a suicide by drowning. The emperor knew better but dared not press so powerful a man; he mourned Yanguang with court closed and posthumously made him Grand Mentor.
67
唐齊王璟固辭太子； 九月，乙丑，唐主許之，詔中外致箋如太子禮。
Prince of Qi Jing of Tang firmly refused the heirship; In the ninth month, on yichou, the Tang ruler yielded and ordered all memorials to use crown-prince forms.
68
丁卯，以翰林學士承旨、戶部侍郎和凝為中書侍郎、同平章事。
On dingmao, He Ning—Hanlin academician recipient of edicts and Vice Minister of Revenue—became Vice Director of the Secretariat and Grand Councilor.
69
己巳，鄴都留守劉知遠入朝。
On jisi, Liu Zhiyuan, defender of Ye, arrived at court.
70
辛未，李崧奏：「諸州倉糧，於計帳之外所餘頗多。」 上曰：「法外稅民，罪同枉法。 倉吏特貸其死，各痛懲之。」
On xinwei, Li Song reported, "Prefectural granaries hold far more grain than the ledgers show." The emperor said, "Extra-legal levies are as bad as bending the law. Let the clerks live, but flog every one of them hard."
71
翰林學士李澣，輕薄，多酒失，上惡之，丙子，罷翰林學士，並其職於中書舍人，澣，濤之弟也。
Li Huan, a Hanlin academician, was reckless and often drunk on duty. On bingzi the emperor stripped him of Hanlin rank, folded the office into Secretariat drafter, and let him go—Huan was Tao's younger brother.
72
楊光遠入朝，帝欲徙之它鎮，謂光遠曰：「圍魏之役，卿左右皆有功，尚未之賞，今當各除一州以榮之。」 因以其將校數人為刺史。 甲申，徙光遠為平盧節度使，進爵東平王。
Yang Guangyuan came to court and the emperor meant to move him elsewhere. He told him, "At the siege of Wei your officers earned reward that never came. I shall give each a prefecture." He then named several of Guangyuan's officers prefects. On jiashen, Guangyuan was posted to Pinglu military commissioner and made Prince of Dongping.
73
冬，十月，丁酉，加吳越王元瓘天下兵馬都元帥，尚書令。
In winter, tenth month, on dingyou, Yuan Guan of Wuyue was made commander-in-chief of all armies and Director of the Secretariat.
74
壬寅，唐大赦，詔中外奏章無得言「睿」、「聖」，犯者以不敬論。
On renyin, Tang declared a general amnesty and forbade the characters for "sagely" and "wise" in memorials—disrespect would be punished.
75
術士孫智永以四星聚鬥，分野有災，勸唐主巡東都，乙巳，唐主命齊王璟監國。 光政副使、太僕少卿陳覺以私憾奏泰州刺史褚仁規貪殘； 丙午，罷仁規為扈駕都部置，覺始用事。 庚戌，唐主發金陵； 甲寅，至江都。
Sun Zhiyong the diviner, seeing four stars mass in the Dipper and disaster threaten the circuits, urged the Tang ruler east. On yisi the ruler left Prince of Qi Jing as regent. Chen Jue, deputy of the palace directorate and Vice Minister of the Stud, bore a private grudge and accused Taizhou prefect Chu Rengui of greed and cruelty; On bingwu, Rengui was cashiered to head the imperial escort; from then Jue held the reins. On gengxu, the Tang ruler departed Jinling; On jiayin day he reached Jiangdu.
76
閩王曦因商人奉表自理； 十一月，甲申，以曦為威武節度使，兼中書令，封閩國王。
King Xi of Min sent a memorial through merchants pleading his own case; In the eleventh month, on jiashen day, Xi was appointed Weiwu military commissioner and Secretariat director, and created king of Min.
77
唐主欲遂居江都，以水凍，漕運不給，乃還； 十二月，丙申，至金陵。
The Tang ruler had wanted to stay at Jiangdu, but ice blocked the waterways and canal supply failed, so he turned back; In the twelfth month, on bingchen day, he reached Jinling.
78
唐右僕射兼門下侍郎、同平章事張延翰卒。
Zhang Yanhan, the Tang Right Vice Director of State Affairs, Vice Director of the Chancellery, and co–chief minister, died.
79
是歲，漢門下侍郎、同平章事趙損卒； 以寧遠節度使南昌王定保為中書侍郎、同平章事，不逾年亦卒。
That year Zhao Sun, Han Vice Director of the Chancellery and co–chief minister, died; Wang Dingbao of Nanchang, Ningyuan military commissioner, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and co–chief minister, but died within the year as well.
80
初，帝割雁門之北以賂契丹，由是吐谷渾皆屬契丹，苦其貪虐，思歸中國； 成德節度使安重榮復誘之，於是吐谷渾帥部落千餘帳自五台來奔。 契丹大怒，遣使讓帝以招納叛人。
Earlier the Emperor had surrendered the lands north of Yanmen to buy off the Khitan, and the Tuyuhun thereupon fell under Khitan rule; ground down by their greed and cruelty, they yearned to return to China; An Chongrong, military commissioner of Chengde, enticed them again, and a Tuyuhun chief led more than a thousand tents from Wutai to defect. The Khitan were furious and sent envoys to rebuke the Emperor for harboring defectors.
81
高祖聖文章武明德孝皇帝中天福六年（ 辛丑，公元九四一年）
Emperor Gaozu, the Sagely, Literary, Martial, Bright, Virtuous, and Filial, in the sixth year of Tianfu ( xinchou, corresponding to 941 CE)
82
春，正月，丙寅，帝遣供奉官張澄將兵二千索吐谷渾在並、鎮、忻、代四州山谷者，逐之使還故土。
In spring, the first month, on bingyin day, the Emperor sent ceremonial attendant Zhang Cheng with two thousand troops to hunt down Tuyuhun hiding in the mountains of Bing, Zhen, Xin, and Dai and drive them back to their homelands.
83
王延政城建州，週二十里，請於閩王曦，欲以建州為威武軍，自為節度使。 曦以威武軍福州也，乃以建州為鎮安軍，以延政為節度使，封富沙王； 延政改鎮安曰鎮武而稱之。
Wang Yanzheng fortified Jianzhou with walls twenty li around and asked King Xi of Min to make Jianzhou the Weiwu command and name him its military commissioner. Xi replied that Weiwu was based at Fuzhou; he instead made Jianzhou the Zhen'an command, made Yanzheng its military commissioner, and created him king of Fusha; Yanzheng renamed Zhen'an to Zhenwu and styled himself accordingly.
84
二月，壬辰，作浮梁於德勝口。
In the second month, on renchen day, a floating bridge was erected at Desheng Ford.
85
彰義節度使張彥澤欲殺其子，掌書記張式素為彥澤所厚，諫止之。 彥澤怒，射之； 左右素惡式，從而讒之，式懼，謝病去，彥澤遣兵追之，式至邠州，靜難節度使李周以聞，帝以彥澤故，流式商州。 彥澤遣行軍司馬鄭元昭詣闕求之，且曰：「彥澤不得張式，恐致不測。」 帝不得已，與之。 癸未，式至涇州，彥澤命決口，剖心，斷其四支。
Zhang Yanzhe, military commissioner of Zhangyi, meant to kill his son; Zhang Shi, his chief clerk and long-time favorite, admonished him and stayed his hand. Yanzhe flew into a rage and shot him; his attendants, who had long resented Shi, piled on calumny; Shi, in fear, pleaded illness and departed, but Yanzhe sent soldiers after him; when Shi reached Bin, Li Zhou, military commissioner of Jingnan, reported the matter, and because of Yanzhe the Emperor banished Shi to Shangzhou. Yanzhe dispatched army marshal Zheng Yuanzhao to court to demand Shi back, adding, "Unless Yanzhe recovers Zhang Shi, I fear the unpredictable." The Emperor, left no alternative, surrendered him. On guiwei day Shi reached Jingzhou; Yanzhe had his mouth slit, his heart cut out, and his limbs hacked off.
86
涼州軍亂，留後李文謙閉門自焚死。
The Liangzhou army mutinied; acting prefect Li Wenqian barred his gates and died by self-immolation.
87
蜀自建國以來，節度使多領禁兵，或以它職留成都，委僚佐知留務，專事聚斂，政事不治，民無所訴。 蜀主知其弊，丙辰，加衛聖馬步都指揮使、武德節度使兼中書令趙廷隱、樞密使、武信節度使、同平章事王處回、捧聖控鶴都指揮使、保寧節度使、同平章事張公鐸檢校官，並罷其節度使。 三月，甲戌，以翰林學士承旨李昊知武德軍，散騎常侍劉英圖知保寧軍，諫議大夫崔鑾知武信軍，給事中謝從志知武泰軍，將作監張言贊知寧江軍。
Since Shu had founded its state, military commissioners often held palace guard commands, or stayed in Chengdu on other business while deputies ran local affairs—devoted only to squeezing revenue, neglecting government, and leaving the people without recourse. Knowing the abuse, the Shu ruler on bingchen day promoted Zhao Tingyin, Wei Sheng horse-and-foot commander and Wude military commissioner and chief minister; Wang Chuhui, Privy Council director, Wuxin military commissioner, and co–chief minister; and Zhang Gongduo, Sacred Crane commander, Baoning military commissioner, and co–chief minister—to honorary ranks and stripped them of their commands. In the third month, on jiaxu day, chief Hanlin drafter Li Hao took the Wude command; Regular Attendant Liu Yingtu Baoning; Remonstrance and Revision Grandee Cui Luan Wuxin; Supervising Secretary Xie Congzhi Wutai; and Director of Palace Construction Zhang Yanzan Ningjiang.
88
夏，四月，閩王曦以其子亞澄同平章事、判六軍諸衛。 曦疑其弟汀州刺史延喜與延政通謀，遣將軍許仁欽以兵三千如汀州，執延喜以歸。
In summer, the fourth month, King Xi of Min made his son Yacheng co–chief minister and superintendent of the Six Armies and palace guards. Xi suspected his brother Yanxi, Tingzhou military commissioner, of colluding with Yanzheng and sent General Xu Renqin with three thousand men to Ting to seize him and bring him back.
89
唐主以陳覺及萬年常夢錫為宣徽副使。
The Tang ruler made Chen Jue and Chang Mengxi of Wannian deputy commissioners of the Palace Secretariat.
90
辛巳，北京留守李德珫遣牙校以吐谷渾酋長白承福入朝。
On xinsi day Li Dechuang, acting prefect of Beijing, sent a military adjutant to present the Tuyuhun chieftain Bai Chengfu at court.
91
唐主遣通事舍人歐陽遇求假道以通契丹，帝不許。 自黃巢犯長安以來，天下血戰數十年，然後諸國各有分土，兵革稍息。 及唐主即位，江、淮比年豐稔，兵食有餘，群臣爭言「陛下中興，今北方多難，宜出兵恢復舊疆。」 唐主曰：「吾少長軍旅，見兵之為民害深矣，不忍復言。 使彼民安，則吾民亦安矣，又何求焉！」 漢主遣使如唐，謀共取楚，分其地； 唐主不許。
The Tang ruler sent Communications Officer Ouyang Yu to ask safe passage through Jin lands to the Khitan; the Emperor denied it. From Huang Chao's sack of Chang'an onward the empire had fought itself bloody for decades; only then did the separate realms settle into their domains and the clatter of arms begin to quiet. After the Tang ruler's accession the Jiang-Huai country had harvested well year after year, with arms and grain to spare; ministers clamored, "Your Majesty has revived the state; the north is rife with trouble—it is time to march and reclaim the old borders." The Tang ruler replied, "I was raised in the camps and know how ruinous armies are to the people; I will not hear such talk again. If their people are at peace, ours will be at peace too—what else could we want?" The Han ruler sent envoys to Tang to scheme a joint strike on Chu and a partition of its lands; the Tang ruler refused.
92
山南東道節度使安從進謀反，遣使奉表詣蜀，請出師金、商以為聲援； 丁亥，使者至成都。 蜀主與群臣謀之，皆曰：「金、商險遠，少出師則不足制敵，多則漕輓不繼。」 蜀主乃辭之。 又求援於荊南，高從誨遺從進書，諭以禍福； 從進怒，反誣奏從誨。 荊南行軍司馬王保義勸從誨具奏其狀，且請發兵助朝廷討之； 從誨從之。
An Congjin, military commissioner of Shannan East Circuit, plotted rebellion and sent envoys with a memorial to Shu requesting a demonstration through Jin and Shang; on dinghai day the envoys reached Chengdu. The Shu ruler took counsel; all said, "Jin and Shang are steep and far; too small a force could not master the foe, and too large a one could not be fed by transport." The Shu ruler therefore declined. He also asked Jingnan for help; Gao Conghui wrote Congjin, laying out the stakes; Congjin, enraged, lodged a false accusation against Conghui in return. Jingnan army marshal Wang Baoyi urged Conghui to report everything to the throne and ask to send troops to aid the court; Conghui agreed.
93
成德節度使安重榮恥臣契丹，見契丹使者，必箕踞慢罵，使過其境，或潛遣人殺之； 契丹以讓帝，帝為之遜謝。 六月，戊午，重榮執契丹使拽剌，遣騎掠幽州南境，軍於博野，上表稱：「吐谷渾、兩突厥、渾、契苾、沙陀各帥部從歸附； 党項等亦遣使納契丹告身職牒，言為虜所陵暴，又言自二月以來，令各具精甲壯馬，將以上秋南寇，恐天命不佑，與之俱滅，願自備十萬眾，與晉共擊契丹。 又朔州節度副使趙崇已逐契丹節度使劉山，求歸命朝廷。 臣相繼以聞。 陛下屢敕臣承奉契丹，勿自起釁端； 其如天道人心，難以違拒，機不可失，時不再來。 諸節度使沒於虜庭者，皆延頸企踵以待王師，良可哀閔。 願早決計。」 表數千言，大抵斥帝父事契丹，竭中國以媚無厭之虜。 又以此意為書遺朝貴及移籓鎮，雲已勒兵，必與契丹決戰。 帝以重榮方握強兵，不能制，甚患之。
An Chongrong of Chengde loathed vassalage to the Khitan; at sight of their envoys he would sprawl insolently and heap abuse on them, and when they crossed his borders he sometimes had them murdered in secret; the Khitan reproached the Emperor, who apologized abjectly on Chongrong's behalf. In the sixth month, on wuwu day Chongrong seized the Khitan envoy Zhuaila, sent cavalry to plunder south of Youzhou, and camped at Boye; his memorial read, "Tuyuhun, the two Türk confederations, Hun, Qibi, and Shatuo have each led their tribes to submit; the Tangut likewise have sent envoys turning in Khitan appointment papers, complaining of barbarian oppression, and reporting that since the second month they have been ordered to ready stout armor and horses for a southern raid this autumn—they dread Heaven's withdrawal and mutual ruin, and offer to raise one hundred thousand men to join Jin against the Khitan. Moreover Zhao Chong, vice military commissioner of Shuozhou, has driven out Khitan military commissioner Liu Shan and seeks to return to the court's allegiance. Your servant has reported these matters in turn. Your Majesty has repeatedly ordered your servant to serve the Khitan and not pick a quarrel; yet Heaven's mandate and popular will cannot be refused—the moment will not wait, and the hour will not return. The commanders swallowed up in the barbarian court all stretch their necks and stand on tiptoe for the imperial armies—a sight to move pity. I beg Your Majesty to decide soon." The memorial ran thousands of words, chiefly rebuking the Emperor for playing the dutiful son to the Khitan and draining China to please insatiable barbarians. He also wrote court grandees in the same vein and circulated frontier commands, declaring his forces were already drawn and he would settle accounts with the Khitan. The Emperor, unable to curb Chongrong while he held a powerful army, was deeply alarmed.
94
時鄴都留守、侍衛馬步都指揮使劉知遠在大梁； 泰寧節度使桑維翰知重榮已蓄奸謀，又慮朝廷重違其意，密上疏曰：「陛下免於晉陽之難而有天下，皆契丹之功也，不可負之。 今重榮恃勇輕敵，吐渾假手報仇，皆非國家之利，不可聽也。 臣竊觀契丹數年以來，士馬精強，吞噬四鄰，戰必勝，攻必取，割中國之土地，收中國之器械； 其君智勇過人，其臣上下輯睦，牛馬蕃息，國無天災，此未可與為敵也。 且中國新敗，士氣彫沮，以當契丹乘勝之威，其勢相去甚遠。 又，和親既絕，則當發兵守塞，兵少則不足以待寇，兵多則饋運無以繼之。 我出則彼歸，我歸則彼至，臣恐禁衛之士疲於奔命，鎮、定之地無復遺民。 今天下粗安，瘡痍未復，府庫虛竭，蒸民困弊，靜而守之，猶懼不濟，其可妄動乎！ 契丹與國家恩義非輕，信誓甚著，彼無間隙而自啟釁端，就使克之，後患愈重； 萬一不克，大事去矣。 議者以歲輸繒帛謂之耗蠹，有所卑遜謂之屈辱，殊不知兵連而不休，禍結而不解，財力將匱，耗蠹孰甚焉！ 用兵則武吏功臣過求姑息，邊籓遠郡得以驕矜，下陵上替，屈辱孰大焉！ 臣願陛下訓農習戰，養兵息民，俟國無內憂，民有餘力，然後觀釁而動，則動必有成矣。 又，鄴都富盛，國家籓屏，今主帥赴闕，軍府無人，臣竊思慢藏誨盜之言，勇夫重閉之義，乞陛下略加巡幸，以杜奸謀。」 帝謂使者曰：「朕比日以來，煩懣不決，今見卿奏，如醉醒矣，卿勿以為憂。」 閩王曦聞王延政以書招泉州刺史王繼業，召繼業還，賜死於郊外，殺其子於泉州。 初，繼業為汀州刺史，司徒兼門下侍郎、同平章事楊沂豐為士曹參軍，與之親善。 或告沂豐與繼業通謀，沂豐方侍宴，即收下獄，明日斬之，夷其族。 沂豐，涉之從弟也，時年八十餘，國人哀之，自是宗族勳舊相繼被誅，人不自保，諫議大夫黃峻舁櫬詣朝堂極諫，曦曰：「老物狂發矣！」 貶漳州司戶。 曦淫侈無度，資用不給，謀於國計使國安陳匡范，匡范請日進萬金； 曦悅，加匡范禮部侍郎，匡范增算商賈數倍。 曦宴群臣，舉酒屬匡范曰：「明珠美玉，求之可得； 如匡范人中之寶，不可得也。」 未幾，商賈之算不能足日進，貸諸省務錢以足之，恐事覺，憂悸而卒，曦祭贈甚厚。 諸省務以匡范貸貼聞，曦大怒，斫棺，斷其屍棄水中，以連江人黃紹頗代為國計使。 紹頗請「令欲仕者，自非廕補，皆聽輸錢即授之，以資望高下及州縣房口多寡定其直，自百緡至千緡。」 從之。
At that time Liu Zhiyuan, acting prefect of Ye and Palace Guard horse-and-foot commander, was at Daliang; Taining military commissioner Sang Weihan, knowing Chongrong already nursed treason and fearing the court would again indulge him, secretly memorialized, "Your Majesty survived the crisis at Jinyang and won the realm through the Khitan's aid; that debt must not be dishonored. Chongrong now trusts his valor and scorns the foe; the Tuyuhun use us to settle scores—neither serves the state; do not listen. I have watched the Khitan these several years: their men and horses are sharp, they devour every neighbor, they win every battle and take every siege, carving off Chinese soil and seizing Chinese gear; their khan excels in wit and daring, his ministers are harmonious, their herds thrive, and the realm suffers no natural calamity—this is no foe to meet lightly. China has just been beaten; spirits are crushed; to stand against the Khitan in the flush of victory is to face a gulf in strength. And once the marriage tie is severed, armies must guard the passes—too few cannot hold the barbarians, too many cannot be fed. We march out and they withdraw; we withdraw and they arrive—I fear the palace guards will be worn out running to and fro, and Zhen and Ding will be stripped of people. The realm is only roughly settled; scars are unhealed, coffers empty, and the people spent; even standing pat we may not endure—how dare we stir recklessly! The Khitan and our state are bound by weighty obligation and clear oaths; they have given no opening, yet we would pick a fight—even victory would deepen the aftermath; and should we fail, the great cause is lost. Men call the annual silk tribute waste and any bowing humiliation, yet they do not see that endless war, troubles never untied, and treasuries running dry—what waste could exceed that! War lets fighting men and meritorious generals demand boundless indulgence, lets distant commands grow proud, and lets the low overturn the high—what humiliation could be greater! I beg Your Majesty to drill the fields and the ranks, rest the armies and the people, wait until there is no inner trouble and the folk have strength to spare, then strike when the moment shows itself—so every move will succeed. Again, Ye is wealthy, the realm's shield; its commander is at court and the headquarters empty—I recall the proverb that loose storage invites thieves and the brave man bolts his door; I beg a brief imperial visit to block conspiracy." The Emperor told the envoy, "Lately I have been tormented and unable to choose; reading your memorial is like waking from wine—do not fret for me." King Xi of Min learned Wang Yanzheng had written to win over Quanzhou military commissioner Wang Jiye; he recalled Jiye, had him executed outside the walls, and killed Jiye's son at Quanzhou. Earlier, while Jiye governed Ting, Yang Yifeng—Grand Master of the Palace, Vice Director of the Chancellery, and co–chief minister—had served him as a gentlemen's bureau officer and been close to him. Someone accused Yifeng of plotting with Jiye; Yifeng was at a feast when he was seized, jailed, beheaded the next day, and his clan wiped out. Yifeng was She's younger cousin, over eighty; the realm mourned him; from then on kin and old servants of merit were killed one after another until none felt safe; Huang Jun, Remonstrance and Revision Grandee, carried his coffin to the hall and remonstrated to the utmost; Xi said, "The old dotard has lost his wits!" He was demoted to registrar of Zhangzhou. Xi's extravagance knew no bounds and his funds ran short; he consulted National Accounts Commissioner Chen Kuangfan of Guo'an, who proposed a daily tribute of ten thousand in gold; Xi was delighted, made Kuangfan Vice Minister of Rites, and Kuangfan multiplied merchant taxes several times over. At a feast Xi raised his cup to Kuangfan and said, "Pearls and jade may be sought and won; but a man like Kuangfan is a treasure among men and cannot be found." Soon merchant taxes could not meet the daily quota; he borrowed from bureau treasuries to fill the gap; fearing discovery, he died of dread; Xi mourned him with rich rites. When the bureaus reported Kuangfan's borrowing, Xi flew into a rage, split the coffin, hacked the corpse apart, and threw it into the river; he replaced him with Huang Shaopo of Lianjiang as National Accounts Commissioner. Shaopo proposed, "Let anyone who seeks office, except by hereditary privilege, pay cash on the spot for appointment; fix the price by rank and by household count in prefecture and county, from one hundred to one thousand strings." Xi approved.
95
唐主自以專權取吳，尤忌宰相權重，以右僕射兼中書侍郎、同平章事李建勳執政歲久，欲罷之。 會建勳上疏言事，意其留中，既而唐主下有司施行。 建勳自知事挾愛憎，密取所奏改之； 秋，七月，戊辰，罷建勳歸私第。
The Tang ruler, having seized Wu by hoarding power, especially dreaded powerful ministers; Li Jianxun, Right Vice Director of State Affairs, Vice Director of the Secretariat, and co–chief minister, had governed long, and he wished to oust him. When Jianxun memorialized on policy he assumed it would stay within; instead the Tang ruler had the offices implement it. Jianxun, realizing the matter bore personal favor, secretly retrieved his memorial and altered it; in autumn, the seventh month, on wuchen day, Jianxun was dismissed and sent to his private residence.
96
帝憂安重榮跋扈，己巳，以劉知遠為北京留守、河東節度使，復以遼、沁隸河東； 以北京留守李德珫為鄴都留守。 知遠微時，為晉陽李氏贅婿，嘗牧馬，犯僧田，僧執而笞之。 知遠至晉陽，首召其僧，命之坐，慰諭贈遺，眾心大悅。
Worried by An Chongrong's insolence, on jisi day the Emperor made Liu Zhiyuan acting prefect of Beijing and Hedong military commissioner, and again subordinated Liao and Qin to Hedong; Li Dechuang, acting prefect of Beijing, was made acting prefect of Ye. In humble days Zhiyuan had married into the Li clan of Jinyang; once while herding horses he trespassed on a monk's field and the monk seized and flogged him. On reaching Jinyang he first summoned that monk, seated him, soothed him with gifts, and won broad acclaim.
97
吳越府署火，宮室府庫幾盡。 吳越王元瓘驚懼，發狂疾，唐人爭勸唐主乘弊取之，唐主曰：「奈何利人之災！」 遺使唁之，且賙其乏。
Fire broke out in the Wu-Yue headquarters; palaces and treasuries were nearly destroyed. King Qian Yuanguan of Wu-Yue was stricken with terror and madness; Tang subjects urged the Tang ruler to strike while they were weak; the Tang ruler said, "How could we profit from another's calamity!" He sent envoys to condole with them and relieve their shortages.
98
閩主曦自稱大閩皇，領威武節度使，與王延政治兵相攻，互有勝負，福、建之間，暴骨如莽。 鎮武節度判官晉江潘承祐屢請息兵修好，延政不從。 閩主使者至，延政大陳甲卒以示之，對使者語甚悖慢； 承祐長跪切諫，延政怒，顧左右曰：「判官之肉可食乎！」 承祐不顧，聲色愈厲，閩主曦惡泉州刺史王繼嚴得眾心，罷歸，鴆殺之。
King Xi of Min styled himself emperor of Great Min, kept the Weiwu command, and fought Wang Yanzheng; each won battles, and between Fuzhou and Jianzhou the dead lay thick as scrub. Pan Chengyou of Jinjiang, judge on the Zhenwu staff, repeatedly urged a truce; Yanzheng refused. When envoys from the Min court arrived, Yanzheng paraded heavy armor before them and spoke with brazen contempt; Chengyou knelt and remonstrated fiercely; Yanzheng raged and said to his attendants, "Shall we eat the judge's flesh!" Chengyou ignored him and grew only sterner; King Xi of Min hated Quanzhou military commissioner Wang Jiyan for his popular following, recalled him, and poisoned him.
99
八月，戊子朔，以開封尹鄭王重貴為東京留守。
In the eighth month, on the new moon wuzi day, Prince of Zheng Chonggui, Kaifeng intendant, was made acting prefect of the Eastern Capital.
100
馮道，李崧屢薦天平節度使兼侍衛親軍馬步副都指揮使、同平章事杜重威之能，以為都指揮使，充隨駕御營使，代劉知遠，知遠由是恨二相，重威所至黷貨，民多逃亡，嘗出過市，謂左右曰：「人言我驅盡百姓，何市人之多也！」
Feng Dao and Li Song repeatedly praised Taining military commissioner Du Chongwei—also Palace Guard horse-and-foot vice commander and co–chief minister—as chief commander and imperial camp commissioner, replacing Liu Zhiyuan; Zhiyuan therefore hated both chief ministers; Chongwei plundered wherever he went and the people fled; passing through the market he told his attendants, "They say I have driven away every commoner—why is the market so crowded!"
101
壬辰，帝發大梁。 己亥，至鄴都。 壬寅，大赦。 帝以詔諭安重榮曰：「爾身為大臣，家有老母，忿不思難，棄君與親。 吾因契丹得天下，爾因吾致富貴，吾不敢忘德，爾乃忘之，何邪？ 今吾以天下臣之，爾欲以一鎮抗之，不亦難乎！ 宜審思之，無取後悔！」 重榮得詔愈驕，聞山南東道節度使安從進有異志，陰遣使與之通謀。
On renchen day the Emperor departed Daliang. On jihai day he reached Ye. On renyin day he proclaimed a general amnesty. The Emperor sent an edict to An Chongrong: "You are a great minister with a mother at home; in rage you forget hardship and abandon lord and kin. I won the realm through the Khitan; you grew rich through me; I dare not forget that debt, yet you forget yours—why? Now I have made the realm their vassal; you would resist them with one command—is that not folly! Think carefully—do not invite regret!" Chongrong grew only bolder; learning that An Congjin of Shannan East Circuit nursed rebellion, he secretly opened talks with him.
102
吳越文穆王元瓘寢疾，察內都監章德安忠厚，能斷大事，欲屬以後事，語之曰：「弘佐尚少，當擇宗人長者立之。」 德安曰：「弘佐雖少，群下伏其英敏，願王勿以為念！」 王曰：「汝善輔之，吾無憂矣。」 德安，處州人也。 辛亥，元瓘卒。 初，內牙指揮使戴惲，為元瓘所親任，悉以軍事委之。 元瓘養子弘侑乳母，惲妻之親也，或告惲謀立弘侑。 德安秘不發喪，與諸將謀，伏甲士於幕下； 壬子，惲入府，執而殺之，廢弘侑為庶人，複姓孫，幽之明州。 是日，將吏以元瓘遺命，承製以鎮海、鎮東副大使弘佐為節度使，時年十四。 九月，庚申，弘佐即王位，命丞相曹仲達攝政。 軍中言賜與不均，舉仗不受，諸將不能制； 仲達親諭之，皆釋仗而拜。 弘佐溫恭，好書，禮士，躬勤政務，發擿奸伏，人不能欺。 民有獻嘉禾者，弘佐問倉吏：「今蓄積幾何？」 對曰：「十年。」 王曰：「然則軍食足矣，可以寬吾民」。 乃命復其境內稅三年。
Wu-Yue king Qian Yuanguan lay dying; he judged inner commissioner Zhang De'an loyal and decisive and meant to entrust him with the succession, saying, "Hongzuo is young—choose an elder of the clan to rule." De'an replied, "Hongzuo is young, but his officers trust his keen mind—do not trouble yourself!" The king said, "Aid him well and I need not worry." De'an was from Chuzhou. On xinhai day Yuanguan died. Earlier Dai Yun, inner guard commander, had been Yuanguan's favorite and held all military affairs. Hongyou's wet nurse was kin to Yun's wife; someone accused Yun of plotting to make Hongyou king. De'an concealed the death, consulted the generals, and hid armored men beneath the curtain; on renzi day Yun entered headquarters; they seized and killed him, reduced Hongyou to commoner rank, restored the surname Sun, and imprisoned him at Mingzhou. That day officers, by Yuanguan's last wish, proclaimed Hongzuo—Zhenhai and Zhendong vice commissioner—military commissioner; he was fourteen. In the ninth month, on gengshen day, Hongzuo took the throne and made Chancellor Cao Zhongda regent. Soldiers complained rewards were unfair, raised weapons and refused them, and the generals could not restrain them; Zhongda exhorted them in person and all laid down arms and bowed. Hongzuo was gentle and courteous, loved books, honored scholars, attended government himself, and exposed hidden crimes so none could deceive him. When subjects offered auspicious grain, Hongzuo asked the granary clerk, "How much do we hold?" "Ten years' supply," came the answer." The king said, "Then the armies are fed—we can lighten the people's load." He ordered taxes within the realm remitted for three years.
103
辛酉，滑州言河決。
On xinyou day Hua Prefecture reported a breach in the Yellow River.
104
帝以安重榮殺契丹使者，恐其犯塞，乙亥，遣安國節度使楊彥詢使於契丹。 彥詢至其帳，契丹主責以使者死狀，彥詢曰：「譬如人家有惡子，父母所不能制，將如之何？」 契丹主怒乃解。
Fearing Khitan raids after Chongrong killed their envoys, on yihai day the Emperor sent Anguo military commissioner Yang Yanxun to the Khitan. At the Khitan camp their khan rebuked him for the murdered envoys; Yanxun said, "It is like a wicked son in a household whom parents cannot control—what can they do?" The khan's rage eased.
105
閩主曦以其子琅邪王亞澄為威武節度使、兼中書令，改號長樂王。
King Xi of Min made his son Yacheng, king of Langye, Weiwu military commissioner and Secretariat director, and retitled him king of Changle.
106
劉知遠遣親將郭威以詔旨說吐谷渾酋長白承福，令去安重榮歸朝廷，許以節鉞。 威還，謂知遠曰：「虜惟利是嗜，安鐵胡止以袍褲賂之，今欲其來，莫若重賂乃可致耳。」 知遠從之，且使謂承福曰：「朝廷已割爾曹隸契丹，爾曹當自安部落； 今乃南來助安重榮為逆，重榮已為天下所棄，朝夕敗亡。 爾曹宜早從化，勿俟臨之以兵，南北無歸，悔無及矣。」 承福懼，冬，十月，帥其眾歸於知遠。 知遠處之太原東山及嵐、石之間，表承福領大同節度使，收其精騎以隸麾下。 始，安重榮稱檄諸道，雲與吐谷渾、達靼，契苾同起兵，既而承福降知遠，達靼、契苾亦莫之赴，重榮勢大沮。
Liu Zhiyuan sent his confidant Guo Wei with an edict to persuade Tuyuhun chief Bai Chengfu to abandon An Chongrong for the court, promising a command. Wei returned and told Zhiyuan, "Barbarians follow profit alone; An Iron Hu only bought them with robes—heavy gifts alone will draw them." Zhiyuan agreed and had Wei tell Chengfu, "The court has severed you from the Khitan; keep your tribes in peace; yet you march south for An Chongrong's rebellion; the realm has abandoned him and he will fall any day. Submit early; do not wait for armies when you have nowhere to flee north or south—regret will be too late." Chengfu feared; in winter, the tenth month, he led his people to Zhiyuan. Zhiyuan settled them on Taiyuan's eastern hills and between Lan and Shi, had Chengfu named Datong military commissioner, and enrolled his best horsemen. When Chongrong had proclaimed joint rebellion with Tuyuhun, Tatars, and Qibi, Chengfu defected and the Tatars and Qibi stayed away; Chongrong's cause collapsed.
107
閩主曦即皇帝位。 王延政自稱兵馬元帥。 閩同平章事李敏卒。
King Xi of Min took the imperial title. Wang Yanzheng styled himself commander-in-chief. Li Min, Min co–chief minister, died.
108
帝之發大梁也，和凝請曰：「車駕已行，安從進若反，何以備之？」 帝曰：「卿意如何？」 凝請密留空名宣敕十數通，付留守鄭王，聞變則書諸將名，遣擊之； 帝從之。
As the Emperor left Daliang, He Ning asked, "The court is on the road—if An Congjin rebels, how do we answer?" The Emperor said, "What do you propose?" Ning asked to leave a dozen blank edicts with acting prefect Prince of Zheng to fill in generals' names and dispatch them on alarm; the Emperor agreed.
109
十一月，從進舉兵攻鄧州，唐州刺史武延翰以聞。 鄭王遣宣徽南院使張從恩、武德使焦繼勳、護聖都指揮使郭金海、作坊使陳思讓將大梁兵就申州刺史李建崇兵於葉縣以討之。 金海，本突厥； 思讓，幽州人也。 丁丑，以西京留守高行周為南面軍前都部署，前同州節度使宋彥筠副之，張從恩監焉； 又以郭金海為先鋒使，陳思讓監焉。 彥筠，滑州人也。
In the eleventh month Congjin attacked Dengzhou; Tangzhou military commissioner Wu Yanhan reported it. Prince of Zheng sent Zhang Cong'en, Jiao Jixun, Guo Jinhai, and Chen Siyang with Daliang troops to join Li Jianchong of Shenzhou at Ye County. Jinhai was a Türk by birth; Siyang was from Youzhou. On dingchou day Gao Xingzhou, western capital acting prefect, was made southern campaign commander, former Tongzhou military commissioner Song Yanyun his deputy, Zhang Cong'en overseer; Guo Jinhai was made vanguard, Chen Siyang overseer. Yanyun was from Huazhou.
110
庚辰，以鄴都留守李德珫權東京留守，召鄭王重貴如鄴都。 安從進攻鄧州，威勝節度使安審暉據牙城拒之，從進不能克而退。 癸未，從進至花山，遇張從恩兵，不意其至之速，合戰，大敗，從恩獲其子牙內都指揮使弘義，從進以數十騎奔還襄州，嬰城自守。
On gengchen day Li Dechuang was made acting eastern capital prefect while Chonggui was summoned to Ye. Congjin attacked Dengzhou; Weisheng military commissioner An Shenhui held the walled headquarters and Congjin withdrew unbeaten. On guiwei day Congjin reached Flower Mountain, met Zhang Cong'en unexpectedly, was routed, and lost his son Hongyi; Congjin fled to Xiangzhou with a few dozen horsemen and barred the gates.
111
唐主性節儉，常躡蒲屨，盥□用鐵盎，暑則寢於青葛帷，左右使令惟老醜宮人，服飾粗略。 死國事者雖士卒皆給祿三年。 分遣使者按行民田，以肥瘠定其稅，民間稱其平允。 自是江、淮調兵興役及它賦斂，皆以稅錢為率，至今用之。 唐主勤於聽政，以夜繼晝，還自江都，不復宴樂； 頗傷躁急，內侍王紹顏上書，以為「今春以來，群臣獲罪者眾，中外疑懼。」 唐主手詔釋其所以然，令紹顏告諭中外。
The Tang ruler was frugal by nature: rush sandals, an iron basin for ablutions, summer sleep under green vine curtains, only old and plain palace women in attendance, dress unadorned. Even common soldiers who died for the state received three years' stipend. He sent envoys to survey fields and set tax by soil quality; the people called it fair. Thereafter Jiang-Huai levies for troops, corvée, and other dues were reckoned in tax coin—a practice that endures. The Tang ruler worked government day into night; after Jiangdu he gave up feasting; irritability wounded him; attendant Wang Shaoyan memorialized that since spring many ministers had been punished and court and country were uneasy." The Tang ruler wrote a hand edict explaining himself and had Shaoyan proclaim it throughout the realm.
112
十二月，丙戌朔，徙鄭王重貴為齊王，充鄴都留守； 以李德珫為東都留守。
In the twelfth month, on the new moon bingxu day, Prince of Zheng Chonggui became Prince of Qi and Ye acting prefect; Li Dechuang was made eastern capital acting prefect.
113
丁亥，以高行周知襄州行府事。 詔荊南、湖南共討襄州。 高從誨遣都指揮使李端將水軍數千至南津，楚王希範遣天策都軍使張少敵將戰艦百五十艘入漢江助行周，仍各運糧以饋之。 少敵，佶之子也。
On dinghai day Gao Xingzhou was put in charge of affairs at Xiangzhou. An edict ordered Jingnan and Hunan to attack Xiangzhou jointly. Gao Conghui sent Li Duan with thousands of sailors to Nanjin; Chu king Xifan sent Zhang Shaodi with a hundred fifty warships up the Han to aid Xingzhou, each shipping grain. Shaodi was the son of Ji.
114
安重榮聞安從進舉兵反，謀遂決，大集境內饑民，眾至數萬，南向鄴都，聲言不朝。 初，重榮與深州人趙彥之俱為散指揮使，相得歡甚。 重榮鎮成德，彥之自關西歸之，重榮待遇甚厚，使彥之招募黨眾； 然心實忌之，及舉兵，止用為排陳使，彥之恨之。 帝聞重榮反，壬辰，遣護聖等馬步三十九指揮擊之。 以天平節度使杜重威為招討使，安國節度使馬全節副之，前永清節度使王周為馬步都虞候。
Hearing Congjin had rebelled, Chongrong mustered tens of thousands of hungry men and marched south on Ye, vowing never to attend court again. Chongrong and Zhao Yanzhi of Shenzhou had once been irregular commanders and were close friends. When Chongrong took Chengde, Yanzhi came from the west; Chongrong favored him richly and had him recruit followers; yet he secretly envied him and, on rebellion, made him only battle-array commander; Yanzhi hated it. Learning of the rebellion, on renchen day the Emperor sent thirty-nine Sacred Guard horse-and-foot commands against him. Du Chongwei of Taining was suppression commissioner, Ma Quanjie of Anguo his deputy, and former Yongqing military commissioner Wang Zhou chief adjutant.
115
安從進遣其弟從貴將兵逆均州刺史蔡行遇，焦繼勳邀擊，敗之，獲從貴，斷其足而歸之。
Congjin sent his brother Conggui against Junzhou military commissioner Cai Xingyu; Jiao Jixun intercepted, defeated him, captured Conggui, severed his feet, and returned him.
116
戊戌，杜重威與安重榮遇於宗城西南，重榮為偃月陳，官軍再擊之，不動； 重威懼，欲退。 指揮使宛丘王重胤曰：「兵家忌退。 鎮之精兵盡在中軍，請公分銳士擊其左右翼，重胤為公以契丹直衝其中軍，彼必狼狽。」 重威從之。 鎮人陳稍卻，趙彥之卷旗策馬來降。 彥之以銀飾鎧冑及鞍勒，官軍殺而分之。 重榮聞彥之叛，大懼，退匿於輜重中，官軍從而乘之，鎮人大潰，斬首萬五千級。 重榮收餘眾，走保宗城，官軍進攻，夜分，拔之。 重榮以十餘騎走還鎮州，嬰城自守。 會天寒，鎮人戰及凍死者二萬餘人。 契丹聞重榮反，乃聽楊彥詢還。
On wuxu day Du Chongwei met Chongrong southwest of Zongcheng; Chongrong formed a crescent line; government troops attacked twice without shifting them; Chongwei feared and meant to retreat. Commander Wang Chongyin of Wankiu said, "Armies must not retreat. Chengde's best troops are in the center—split your shock troops against both wings; I will charge the center with Khitan horse and break them." Chongwei agreed. Chengde lines bent; Zhao Yanzhi furling his banner galloped over to surrender. Yanzhi wore silver-trimmed armor and harness; government troops killed him and divided the plunder. Hearing Yanzhi had turned, Chongrong hid among the wagons; government troops pressed the rout and took fifteen thousand heads. Chongrong rallied survivors, fled into Zongcheng, and government troops stormed it in the night watch. Chongrong fled to Zhenzhou with a dozen horsemen and barred the gates. The cold was fierce; twenty thousand Chengde men fell in battle or froze. Hearing of the rebellion, the Khitan let Yang Yanxun return.
117
庚子，冀州刺史張建武等取趙州。
On gengzi day Zhang Jianwu of Jizhou and others took Zhaozhou.
118
漢主寢疾，有胡僧謂漢主名龔不利； 漢主自造「龑」字名之，義取「飛龍在天」，讀若儼。
The Han ruler lay dying; a foreign monk said the name Gong was ill-omened; the Han ruler invented a new character (combining "dragon" and "yan") for his name, taking the sense "dragon flying in heaven," pronounced like yan.
119
庚戌，制以錢弘佐為鎮海、鎮東軍節度使兼中書令、吳越國王。
On gengxu day an edict made Qian Hongzuo Zhenhai and Zhendong military commissioner, Secretariat director, and king of Wu-Yue.