1
資治通鑑第284卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 284
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【後晉紀五】起閼逢執徐二月，盡旃蒙大荒落七月，凡一年有奇。
[Later Jin Records 5] From the second month of the jiashen year through the seventh month of the following year—slightly more than one year in all.
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齊王中開運元年（ 甲辰，公元九四四年）
Kaiyun 1 of Later Jin ( jiachen, 944 CE)
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二月，甲辰朔，命前保義節度使石贇守麻家口，前威勝節度使何重建守楊劉鎮，護聖都指揮使白再榮守馬家口，西京留守安彥威守河陽。 未幾，周儒引契丹將麻答自馬家口濟河，營於東岸，攻鄆州北津以應楊光遠。 麻答，契丹主之從弟也。 乙巳，遣侍衛馬軍都指揮使、義成節度使李守貞、神武統軍皇甫遇、陳州防禦使梁漢璋、懷州刺史薛懷讓將兵萬人，緣河水陸俱進。 守貞，河陽； 漢璋，應州； 懷讓，太原人也。
In the second month, on the new moon of jiachen day, the emperor appointed the former Baoyi military governor Shi Yun to defend Majiakou, former Weisheng governor He Chongjian to hold Yangliu, Imperial Guard commander Bai Zairong to hold Majiakou again, and western capital regent An Yanwei to defend Heyang. Soon afterward Zhou Ru guided the Khitan general Maduo across at Majiakou, pitched camp on the east bank, and struck Yanzhou's northern crossing to link up with Yang Guangyuan. Maduo was a cousin of the Khitan emperor. On yisi day he sent palace cavalry commander and Yicheng governor Li Shouzhen, Shenwu commander Huangfu Yu, Chenzhou defender Liang Hanzhang, and Huaizhou prefect Xue Huairang with ten thousand men to press forward along the river by both land and water. Li Shouzhen was a native of Heyang; Liang Hanzhang was from Yingzhou; Xue Huairang came from Taiyuan.
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丙午，契丹圍高行周、符彥卿及先鋒指揮使石公霸於戚城。 先是景延廣令諸將分地而守，無得相救。 行周等告急，延廣徐白帝，帝自將救之。 契丹解去，三將泣訴救兵之緩，幾不免。
On bingwu day the Khitan surrounded Gao Xingzhou, Fu Yanqing, and vanguard commander Shi Gongba at Qicheng. Earlier Jing Yanguang had ordered each general to defend his own sector and forbidden mutual relief. When Xingzhou and the others cried for help, Yanguang only slowly reported to the emperor, who then led the army to relieve them in person. The Khitan lifted the siege and withdrew. The three generals wept before the emperor, protesting that relief had come so late they had nearly been lost.
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戊申，李守貞等至馬家口。 契丹遣步卒萬人築壘，散騎兵於其外，餘兵數萬屯河西，船數十艘渡兵，未已，晉兵薄之，契丹騎兵退走，晉兵進攻其壘，拔之。 契丹大敗，乘馬赴河溺死者數千人，俘斬亦數千人。 河西之兵慟哭而去，由是不敢復東。 辛亥，定難節度使李彝殷奏將兵四萬自麟州濟河，侵契丹之境。 壬子，以彝殷為契丹西南面招討使。 初，契丹主得貝州、博州，皆撫尉其人，或拜官賜服章。 及敗於戚城及馬家口，忿恚，所得民，皆殺之，得軍士，燔炙之。 由是晉人憤怒，戮力爭奮。
On wushen day Li Shouzhen and his force reached Majiakou. The Khitan put ten thousand infantry to building a camp with cavalry deployed outside, while tens of thousands more waited west of the river and dozens of boats ferried men across. Before the crossing was complete Jin troops closed in; Khitan horse fled, and the Jin stormed the camp and captured it. The Khitan were routed. Thousands drowned trying to ride into the river, and thousands more were taken or slain. The army west of the river withdrew in grief and did not dare advance east again. On xinhai day Dingnan governor Li Yiyin reported that he would cross from Linzhou with forty thousand men to invade Khitan lands. On renzi day Li Yiyin was made commissioner for the southwest pacification of the Khitan. When the Khitan emperor first seized Beizhou and Bozhou he reassured the populace and sometimes granted office and insignia of rank. After the defeats at Qicheng and Majiakou his rage turned murderous: civilians in his hands were slaughtered, and captured soldiers were burned alive. Jin subjects were enraged by this and fought with united fury.
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楊光遠將青州兵欲西會契丹。 戊午，詔石贇分兵屯鄆州以備之。 詔劉知遠將部兵自土門出恆州擊契丹，又詔會杜威、馬全節於邢州。 知遠引兵屯樂平不進。
Yang Guangyuan was marching Qingzhou troops west to link up with the Khitan. On wuwu day the court ordered Shi Yun to detach troops and station them at Yanzhou as a precaution. Liu Zhiyuan was ordered to march from Tumen toward Hengzhou against the Khitan and to rendezvous with Du Wei and Ma Quanjie at Xingzhou. Liu Zhiyuan halted at Leping and refused to move forward.
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帝居喪期年，即於宮中奏細聲女樂。 及出師，常令左右奏三弦琵琶，和以羌笛，擊鼓歌舞，曰：「此非樂也。」 庚申，百官表請聽樂，詔不許。
Although the mourning year had not ended, the emperor already had delicate female music played within the palace. On campaign he often had attendants play three-string pipa with Qiang flutes, drums, and song, remarking, "This is not pleasure." On gengshen day the bureaucracy petitioned to allow music; the edict refused.
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壬戌，楊光遠圍棣州，刺史李瓊出兵擊敗之，光遠燒營走還青州。 癸亥，以前威勝節度使何重建為東面馬步都部署，將兵屯鄆州。
On renxu day Yang Guangyuan besieged Dizhou. Prefect Li Qiong sallied forth, routed him, and Guangyuan burned his camp and fled to Qingzhou. On guihai day former Weisheng governor He Chongjian was appointed eastern commander of horse and foot and stationed at Yanzhou.
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階、成義軍指揮使王君懷帥所部千餘人叛降蜀，請為鄉導以取階、成。 甲子，蜀人攻階州。
Wang Junhuai, commander of the Jie-Cheng righteous army, defected to Shu with over a thousand men and offered to guide an attack on Jie and Cheng. On jiazi day Shu forces attacked Jiezhou.
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契丹偽棄元城去，伏精騎於古頓丘城，以俟晉軍與恆、定之兵合而擊之。 鄴都留守張從恩屢奏虜已遁去； 大軍欲進追之，會霖雨而止。 契丹設伏旬日，人馬饑疲。 趙延壽曰：「晉軍悉在河上，畏我鋒銳，必不敢前，不如即其城下，四合攻之，奪其浮梁，則天下定矣。」 契丹主從之，三月，癸酉朔，自將兵十餘萬陳於澶州城北，東西橫掩城之兩隅，登城望之，不見其際。 高行周前軍在戚城之南，與契丹戰，自午至晡，互有勝負。 契丹主以精兵當中軍而來，帝亦出陳以待之。 契丹主望見晉軍之盛，謂左右曰：「楊光遠言晉兵半已餒死，今何其多也！」 以精騎左右略陳，晉軍不動，萬弩齊發，飛矢蔽地。 契丹稍卻； 又攻晉陳之東偏，不克。 苦戰至暮，兩軍死者不可勝數。 昏後，契丹引去，營於三十里之外。 乙亥，契丹主帳下小校竊其馬亡來，雲契丹已傳木書，收軍北去。 景延廣疑其詐，閉壁不敢追。
The Khitan feigned abandonment of Yuancheng and lay in ambush with elite horse at ancient Dundunqiu, intending to strike once Jin forces merged with the Heng and Ding contingents. Ye capital regent Zhang Cong'en repeatedly reported that the enemy had fled; the main army prepared to pursue but halted for torrential rain. The Khitan waited in ambush for ten days until men and horses were starving and exhausted. Zhao Yanshou said, "Jin forces are all along the river and fear our edge—they will not dare come forward. Better to strike straight at their walls from four sides and seize the pontoon bridge; then the realm is ours." The Khitan emperor agreed. On the third-month new moon of guiyou he personally led over a hundred thousand men and formed battle lines north of Chuanzhou, stretching east and west to flank both corners of the city. From the walls the host seemed endless. Gao Xingzhou's vanguard south of Qicheng fought the Khitan from noon to dusk with neither side gaining a clear edge. The Khitan emperor advanced on the center with picked troops; the Jin emperor likewise deployed to receive him. Seeing the mass of Jin troops, the Khitan emperor told his attendants, "Yang Guangyuan said half the Jin army had starved—why are there so many?" He sent elite horse to probe both flanks. The Jin line held firm as ten thousand crossbows loosed together and arrows blotted out the ground. The Khitan drew back slightly; then struck the eastern wing of the Jin line but failed to break it. The bitter fighting lasted until nightfall; dead on both sides were beyond count. After dark the Khitan withdrew and pitched camp thirty li distant. On yihai day a Khitan camp orderly stole a horse and defected, reporting that wooden tallies had gone out ordering a northern withdrawal. Jing Yanguang suspected deception, shut the gates, and would not pursue.
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漢主命中書令、都元帥越王弘昌謁烈宗陵於海曲，至昌華宮，使盜殺之。
The Southern Han ruler ordered chief minister and commander Prince Yue Hongchang to visit Emperor Liezong's tomb by the sea. At Changhua Palace he had assassins kill him.
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契丹主自澶州北分為兩軍，一出滄、德，一出深、冀而歸。 所過焚掠，方廣千里，民物殆盡。 留趙延照為貝州留後。 麻答陷德州，擒刺史尹居璠。
North of Chuanzhou the Khitan emperor split into two columns, one withdrawing through Cang and De and the other through Shen and Ji. Their path was one of fire and plunder across a thousand-li square until people and goods were nearly gone. He left Zhao Yanzhao as acting Beizhou prefect. Maduo captured Dezhou and took prefect Yin Jufan prisoner.
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閩拱宸都指揮使朱文進，閣門使連重遇，既弒康宗，常懼國人之討，相與結婚以自固。 閩主曦果於誅殺，嘗游西園，因醉殺控鶴指揮使魏從朗。 從朗，朱、連之黨也。 又嘗酒酣誦白居易詩云：「惟有人心相對間，咫尺之情不能料。」 因舉酒屬二人。 二人起，流涕再拜，曰：「臣子事君父，安有他志！」 曦不應。 二人大懼。 李-{后}-妒尚賢妃之寵，欲弒曦而立其子亞澄，使人告二人曰：「主人殊不平於二公，奈何？」 會-{后}-父李真有疾，乙酉，曦如真第問疾。 文進、重遇使拱宸馬步使錢達弒曦於馬上，召百官集朝堂，告之曰：「太祖昭武皇帝，光啟閩國，今子孫淫虐，荒墜厥緒。 天厭王氏，宜更擇有德者立之。」 眾莫敢言。 重遇乃推文進升殿，被袞冕，帥群臣北面再拜稱臣。 文進自稱閩主，悉收王氏宗族延喜以下少長五十餘人，皆殺之。 葬閩主曦，謚曰睿文廣武明聖元德隆道大孝皇帝，廟號景宗。 以重遇總六軍。 禮部尚書、判三司鄭元弼抗辭不屈，黜歸田裡，將奔建州，文進殺之。 文進下令，出宮人，罷營造，以反曦之政。 殷主延政遣統軍使吳成義將兵討文進，不克。 文進加樞密使鮑思潤同平章事，以羽林統軍使黃紹頗為泉州刺史，左軍使程文緯為漳州刺史。 汀州刺史同安許文稹，舉郡降之。
Zhu Wenjin, Min Archer's Guard commander, and Lian Chongyu, gate attendant, who had murdered Emperor Kang, lived in fear of popular retribution and sealed their bond with a marriage between their families. Min ruler Xi was swift to kill. Touring the Western Garden once, he slew Crane-Control commander Wei Conglang in a drunken rage. Conglang had been an ally of Zhu and Lian. Another time, deep in wine, he recited Bai Juyi: "Only between hearts that face each other—feelings an arm's length apart cannot be foretold." He raised his cup toward the two men. They rose weeping, bowed twice, and said, "As subjects serving our lord, how could we harbor any other intent!" Xi made no answer. The two were terrified. Empress Li, jealous of Noble Consort Shangxian, plotted to kill Xi and enthrone her son Yacheng. She sent word to the two: "The sovereign is deeply displeased with you—what will you do?" When Empress Li's father Li Zhen fell ill, Xi visited his house on yiyou day to inquire after him. Wenjin and Chongyu had Archer's Guard commander Qian Da kill Xi on horseback, assembled the officials, and declared, "Founding Emperor Zhaowu brought Min to light; his descendants have grown licentious and cruel and cast off his legacy. Heaven has turned from the house of Wang. We must choose a man of virtue to enthrone." No one dared speak. Chongyu propelled Wenjin to the throne, dressed him in imperial regalia, and led the court to bow north and hail him sovereign. Wenjin took the title Min ruler, rounded up more than fifty Wang clansmen from Yanchi down, young and old alike, and executed them all. He buried Xi with the posthumous title Emperor Ruiwen Guangwu Mingsheng Yuande Longdao Daxiao and temple name Jingzong. He placed Chongyu in command of all six armies. Minister of Rites and fiscal commissioner Zheng Yuanbi refused to submit, was dismissed to his estate, and was killed when he tried to flee to Jianzhou. Wenjin released palace women and halted construction, reversing Xi's policies. Yin ruler Yanzheng sent army commander Wu Chengyi against Wenjin but failed to defeat him. Wenjin made privy councilor Bao Sirun co-equal councilor, appointed Imperial Guard commander Huang Shaopo Quanzhou prefect, and left army commander Cheng Wenwei Zhangzhou prefect. Tingzhou prefect Xu Wenji of Tong'an surrendered his entire commandery.
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丁亥，詔太原、恆、定兵各還本鎮。
On dinghai day the court ordered the Taiyuan, Heng, and Ding armies each to return home.
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辛卯，馬全節攻契丹泰州，拔之。
On xinmao day Ma Quanjie attacked Khitan Taizhou and captured it.
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敕天下籍鄉兵，每七戶共出兵械資一卒。
The court ordered a militia levy nationwide: every seven households were to equip and supply one soldier.
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秦州兵救階州，出黃階嶺，敗蜀兵於西平。
Qinzhou relief troops crossed Huangjie Ridge and defeated Shu forces at Xiping.
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漢以戶部侍郎陳偓同平章事。
Southern Han appointed revenue vice minister Chen Wo co-equal councilor.
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夏，四月，丁未，緣河巡檢使梁進以鄉社兵復取德州。 己酉，命歸德節度使高行周、保義節度使王周留鎮澶州。 庚戌，帝發澶州； 甲寅，至大梁。 侍衛馬步都指揮使、天平節度使、同平章事景延廣，既為上下所惡，帝亦憚其不遜難制； 桑維翰引其不救戚城之罪，辛酉，加延廣兼侍中，出為西京留守。 以歸德節度使兼侍中高行周為侍衛馬步都指揮使。 延廣鬱鬱不得志，見契丹強盛，始憂國破身危，遂日夜縱酒。 朝廷因契丹入寇，國用愈竭，復遣使者三十六人分道括率民財，各封劍以授之。 使者多從吏卒，攜鎖械、刀仗入民家，小大驚懼，求死無地。 州縣吏復因緣為奸。 河南府出緡錢二十萬，景延廣率三十七萬。 留守判官河南盧億言於延廣曰：「公位兼將相，富貴極矣。 今國家不幸，府庫空竭，不得已取於民。 公何忍復因而求利，為子孫之累乎！」 延廣慚而止。 先是，詔以楊光遠叛，命兗州修守備。 泰寧節度使安審信，以治樓堞為名，率民財以實私藏。 大理卿張仁願為括率使，至兗州，賦緡錢十萬。 值審信不在，拘其守藏吏，指取錢一囷，已滿其數。
In the fourth month of summer, on dingwei day, river patrol commissioner Liang Jin retook Dezhou with local militia. On jiyou day he ordered Guide governor Gao Xingzhou and Baoyi governor Wang Zhou to remain at Chuanzhou. On gengxu day the emperor departed Chuanzhou; on jiayin day he reached Daliang. Jing Yanguang, palace horse-and-foot commander, Tianping governor, and co-equal councilor, was hated by court and camp alike, and the emperor feared his insubordination; Sang Weihan cited his failure at Qicheng; on xinyou day Yanguang was made attendant and sent out as western capital regent. Guide governor and attendant Gao Xingzhou was made palace horse-and-foot commander. Yanguang brooded in frustration. Seeing Khitan power rise, he feared ruin for state and self and drowned his days in wine. With the Khitan invasion draining the treasury, the court sent thirty-six envoys on separate routes to squeeze the people, each bearing a sealed sword of authority. Most envoys brought clerks and soldiers armed with shackles and blades into private homes. Families great and small were terrified beyond endurance. Local officials seized the chance for further extortion. Henan prefecture was assessed two hundred thousand strings; Jing Yanguang's share was three hundred seventy thousand. Regent's aide Lu Yi of Henan told Yanguang, "You hold both civil and military rank; your wealth and honor are complete. The state is in distress and the treasury bare—we must take from the people. How can you profit from this on top of that and burden your descendants?" Ashamed, Yanguang desisted. Earlier, after Yang Guangyuan's rebellion, Yanzhou had been ordered to strengthen its defenses. Taining governor An Shenxin, renowned for repairing walls and towers, squeezed the people to swell his private coffers. Chief justice Zhang Renyuan came as levy commissioner and assessed Yanzhou one hundred thousand strings of cash. With Shenxin absent, he seized the treasury clerk and, at a gesture, took one full granary of coin—already meeting the levy.
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戊寅，命侍衛馬步軍都虞候、泰寧節度使李守貞將步騎二萬討楊光遠於青州，又遣神武統軍洛陽潘環及張彥澤等將兵屯澶州，以備契丹。 契丹遣兵救青州，齊州防禦使堂陽薛可言邀擊，敗之。
On wuyin day Li Shouzhen, palace deputy commander and Taining governor, was sent with twenty thousand horse and foot against Yang Guangyuan at Qingzhou. Pan Huan of Luoyang, Zhang Yanzhe, and others were posted at Chuanzhou to guard against the Khitan. Khitan relief troops for Qingzhou were intercepted and beaten by Qizhou defender Xue Keyan of Tangyang.
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丙戌，詔諸州所籍鄉兵，號武定軍，凡得七萬餘人。 時兵荒之餘，復有此擾，民不聊生。
On bingxu day registered militia nationwide were organized as the Wuding Army—over seventy thousand men. After war and famine, this fresh levy left the people barely able to survive.
23
丁亥，鄴都留守張從恩上言：「趙延照雖據貝州，麾下兵皆久客思歸，宜速進軍攻之。」 詔以從恩為貝州行營都部署，督諸將擊之。 辛卯，從恩奏趙延照縱火大掠，棄城而遁，屯於瀛、莫，阻水自固。
On dinghai day Zhang Cong'en reported, "Zhao Yanzhao holds Beizhou, but his troops are homesick after long service—we should strike at once." Cong'en was made overall commander of the Beizhou campaign and ordered to press the attack. On xinmao day Cong'en reported that Yanzhao burned and looted, fled the city, and entrenched between Ying and Mo behind the waterways.
24
朱文進遣使如唐，唐主囚其使，將伐之，會天暑、疾疫而止。
Zhu Wenjin sent envoys to Tang; the Tang emperor imprisoned them and prepared to invade, but summer heat and plague halted the campaign.
25
六月，辛酉，官軍拔淄州，斬其刺史劉翰。
In the sixth month, on xinyou day, imperial forces captured Zizhou and executed prefect Liu Han.
26
太尉、侍中馮道雖為首相，依違兩可，無所操決。 或謂帝曰：「馮道，承平之良相； 今艱難之際，譬如使禪僧飛鷹耳。」 癸卯，以道為匡國節度使，兼侍中。
Though chief minister, Grand Preceptor Feng Dao sat on every fence and decided nothing. Someone told the emperor, "Feng Dao is a fine minister for peaceful times; in crisis he is like asking a Chan monk to fly a hawk." On guimao day Feng Dao was sent out as Kuangguo governor, retaining the title of palace attendant.
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乙巳，漢主幽齊王弘弼於私第。
On yisi day the Southern Han ruler confined Prince Qi Hongbi to house arrest.
28
或謂帝曰：「陛下欲御北狄，安天下，非桑維翰不可。」 丙午，復置樞密院，以維翰為中書令兼樞密使，事無大小，悉以委之。 數月之間，朝廷差治。
Someone told the emperor, "To master the northern barbarians and settle the realm, you need Sang Weihan." On bingwu day the privy council was restored. Weihan became chief minister and privy commissioner with full authority over great and small affairs. Within months the court regained a measure of order.
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滑州河決，浸汴、曹、單、濮、鄆五州之境，環梁山合於汶。 詔大發數道丁夫塞之。 既塞，帝欲刻碑紀其事。 中書舍人楊昭儉諫曰：「陛下刻石紀功，不若降哀痛之詔； 染翰頌美，不若頒罪己之文。」 帝善其言而止。
The river broke at Huazhou and inundated Bian, Cao, Shan, Pu, and Yan, circling Liangshan to merge with the Wen. The court drafted laborers from several circuits to seal the breach. Once the breach was closed, the emperor wished to erect a commemorative stele. Drafting officer Yang Zhaojian urged, "A stele of triumph is less fitting than an edict of grief and repentance; praise in ink is less fitting than a proclamation of self-reproach." The emperor accepted the advice and abandoned the plan.
30
初，高祖割北邊之地以賂契丹，由是府州刺史折從遠亦北屬。 契丹欲盡徙河西之民以實遼東，州人大恐，從遠因保險拒之。 及帝與契丹絕，遣使諭從遠使攻契丹。 從遠引兵深入，拔十餘寨。 戊午，以從遠為府州團練使。 從遠，雲州人也。
When Gaozu ceded the northern frontier to the Khitan, Fuzhou prefect Zhe Congyuan fell under Khitan sway as well. When the Khitan planned to relocate all inhabitants west of the river to fill Liaodong, the populace panicked and Congyuan held the passes in resistance. After the break with the Khitan, envoys urged Congyuan to strike them. Congyuan marched deep into Khitan territory and took more than ten camps. On wuwu day Zhe Congyuan was appointed regimental commissioner of Fuzhou. Zhe Congyuan was a native of Yunzhou.
31
甲子，復置翰林學士。 戊辰，以右散騎常侍李慎儀為兵部侍郎、翰林學士承旨，都官郎中劉溫叟、金部郎中、知制誥武強徐台符、禮部郎中李澣、主客員外郎宗城范質，皆為學士。 溫叟，岳之子也。
On jiazi day the Hanlin Academy posts were restored. On wuchen day Li Shenyi became vice minister of war and chief Hanlin academician; Liu Wensou, Xu Taifu, Li Huan, and Fan Zhi were appointed academicians. Liu Wensou was the son of Liu Yue.
32
秋，七月，辛未朔，大赦，改元。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the xinwei new moon, the court proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name.
33
己丑，以太子太傅劉昫為司空兼門下侍郎、同平章事。
On jichou day Grand Mentor Liu Xu was made minister of works and co-equal councilor.
34
八月，辛丑朔，以河東節度使劉知遠為北面行營都統，順國節度使杜威為都招討使，督十三節度以備契丹。 桑維翰兩秉朝政，出楊光遠、景延廣於外，至是一制指揮，節度使十五人無敢違者，時人服其膽略。 朔方節度使馮暉上章自陳未老可用，而制書見遺。 維翰詔禁直學士使為答詔曰：「非制書勿忘，實以朔方重地，非卿無以彈壓。 比欲移卿內地，受代亦須奇才。」 暉得詔，甚喜。 時軍國多事，百司及使者咨請輻水奏，維翰隨事裁決，初若不經思慮，人疑其疏略； 退而熟議之，亦終不能易也。 然為相頗任愛憎，一飯之恩、睚眥之怨必報，人亦以此少之。 契丹之入寇也，帝再命劉知遠會兵山東，皆後期不至。 帝疑之，謂所親曰：「太原殊不助朕，必有異圖。 果有分，何不速為之！」 至是雖為都統，而實無臨制之權，密謀大計，皆不得預。 知遠亦自知見疏，但慎事自守而已。 郭威見知遠有憂色，謂知遠曰：「河東山河險固，風俗尚武，士多戰馬，靜則勤稼穡，動則習軍旅，此霸王之資也，何憂乎！」
On the eighth-month xinchou new moon, Hedong governor Liu Zhiyuan was made northern commander-in-chief and Shunguo governor Du Wei grand pacification commissioner over thirteen circuits against the Khitan. Having twice held the reins of government and banished rivals abroad, Weihan now commanded fifteen governors with a single order. Contemporaries admired his nerve and grasp. Shuofang governor Feng Hui protested that he was still fit for service though the appointment edict had omitted him. Weihan had a duty academician draft the reply: "The edict did not forget you—Shuofang is vital and only you can hold it. We wished to recall you inland, but your replacement must be a man of rare ability." Feng Hui was greatly pleased by the reply. With war pressing, memorials from every office and envoy flooded in. Weihan ruled on each at once, seeming at first cursory; yet on later reflection none could improve his judgments. Yet as minister he indulged personal likes and dislikes, repaying the smallest favor or slight—many faulted him for it. During the Khitan invasions the emperor twice ordered Liu Zhiyuan to join forces in Shandong; both times he arrived late. The emperor grew suspicious and told intimates, "Taiyuan gives me no help—he must harbor other designs. If he means to claim the throne, why does he not act at once!" Though named commander-in-chief, he had no real authority over the campaign and was shut out of secret strategy. Zhiyuan knew he was distrusted and kept cautiously to himself. Seeing Zhiyuan's worry, Guo Wei said, "Hedong's terrain is strong, its people warlike, its gentry well mounted. In peace they farm; in war they fight. That is capital for empire—why worry?"
35
朱文進自稱威武留後，權知閩國事，遣使奉表稱籓於晉。 癸丑，以文進為威武節度使，知閩國事。
Zhu Wenjin styled himself acting Weiwu regent, claimed authority over Min, and sent envoys submitting to Jin as vassal. On guichou day Zhu Wenjin was appointed Weiwu governor with authority over Min.
36
癸亥，置鎮寧軍於澶州，以濮州隸焉。
On guihai day the Zhenning command was established at Chuanzhou with Puzhou subordinated to it.
37
初，吳濠州刺史劉金卒，子仁規代之； 仁規卒，子崇俊代之。 唐烈祖置定遠軍於濠州，以崇俊為節度使。 會清淮節度使姚景卒，崇俊厚賂權要，求兼領壽州。 唐主陽為不知其意，徙崇俊為清淮節度使，以楚州刺史劉彥貞為濠州觀察使，馳往代之； 崇俊悔之。 彥貞，信之子也。
When Wu's Haozhou prefect Liu Jin died, his son Rengui succeeded him; when Rengui died, his son Chongjun took the post. Tang's Liezu emperor established the Dingyuan command at Haozhou and made Chongjun its governor. When Qinghuai governor Yao Jing died, Chongjun bribed court power brokers to add Shouzhou to his command. The Tang emperor feigned ignorance, moved Chongjun to Qinghuai, and rushed Chuzhou prefect Liu Yanzhen to Haozhou as observation commissioner; Chongjun bitterly regretted his miscalculation. Liu Yanzhen was the son of Liu Xin.
38
九月，庚午朔，日有食之。
On the ninth-month gengwu new moon there was a solar eclipse.
39
丙子，契丹寇遂城、樂壽，深州刺史康彥進擊卻之。
On bingzi day the Khitan raided Suicheng and Leshou; Shenzhou prefect Kang Yanjin repulsed them.
40
冬，十月，丙午，漢主毒殺鎮王弘澤於邕州。
In the tenth month of winter, on bingwu day, the Southern Han ruler poisoned Prince Zhen Hongze at Yongzhou.
41
殷主延政遣其將陳敬佺以兵三千屯尤溪及古田，盧進以兵二千屯長溪。 泉州散員指揮使桃林留從效謂同列王忠順、董思安、張漢思曰：「朱文進屠滅王氏，遣腹心分據諸州。 吾屬世受王氏恩，而交臂事賊，一旦富沙王克福州，吾屬死有餘愧！」 眾以為然。 十一月，從效等各引軍中所善壯士，夜飲於從效之家，從效給之曰：「富沙王已平福州，密旨令吾屬討黃紹頗。 吾觀諸君狀貌，皆非久處貧賤者。 從吾言，富貴可圖； 不然，禍且至矣。」 眾皆踴躍，操白梃，逾垣而入，執紹頗，斬之。 從效持州印詣王繼勳第，請主軍府。 從效自稱平賊統軍使，函紹頗首，遣副兵馬使臨淮陳洪進繼詣建州。 洪進至尤溪，福州戍兵數千遮道。 洪進紿之曰：「義師已誅朱福州，吾倍道嗣君於建州，爾輩尚守此何為乎？」 以紹頗首示之，眾遂潰，大將數人從洪進詣建州。 延政以繼勳為侍中、泉州刺史，從效、忠順、思安、洪進皆為都指揮使。 漳州將程謨聞之，立殺刺史程文緯，立王繼成權州事。 繼勳、繼成，皆延政之從子也，朱文進之滅王氏，二人以疏遠獲全。 汀州刺史許文稹奉表請降於殷。
Yin ruler Yanzheng posted Chen Jingxian with three thousand men at Youxi and Gutian, and Lu Jin with two thousand at Changxi. Quanzhou irregular commander Liu Congxiao of Taolin told Wang Zhongshun, Dong Si'an, and Zhang Hansi, "Zhu Wenjin exterminated the Wang clan and posted his men across the prefectures. We owe the Wangs generations of grace yet serve this traitor with folded arms. When the Prince of Fusha takes Fuzhou, death will not erase our shame!" All agreed. In the eleventh month Congxiao gathered trusted soldiers for a night feast and lied, "The Prince of Fusha has taken Fuzhou and secretly orders us to kill Huang Shaopo. By your bearing, none of you are meant for poverty. Follow me and fortune is yours; otherwise ruin follows." They leapt up, seized white clubs, scaled the wall, seized Shaopo, and beheaded him. Congxiao took the prefectural seal to Wang Jixun's house and asked him to head the command. Congxiao styled himself pacification commander, sent Shaopo's head in a box, and dispatched Chen Hongjin of Linhuai to Jianzhou. At Youxi several thousand Fuzhou garrison troops blocked Chen Hongjin's path. Hongjin deceived them: "The loyal army has killed Zhu Wenjin. I hurry to attend our lord at Jianzhou—why do you still hold this post?" He showed Shaopo's head; the troops dispersed, and several officers followed him to Jianzhou. Yanzheng made Jixun attendant and Quanzhou prefect; Congxiao, Zhongshun, Si'an, and Hongjin were made commanders. Hearing the news, Zhangzhou general Cheng Mo killed prefect Cheng Wenwei and installed Wang Jicheng as acting prefect. Jixun and Jicheng were Yanzheng's nephews; as distant kin they alone survived Zhu Wenjin's purge of the Wang clan. Tingzhou prefect Xu Wenji submitted his surrender to Yin.
42
十二月，癸丑，加朱文進同平章事，封閩國王。
In the twelfth month, on guichou day, Zhu Wenjin was made co-equal councilor and enfeoffed as king of Min.
43
李守貞圍青州經時，城中食盡，餓死者太半。 契丹援兵不至，楊光遠遙稽首於契丹曰：「皇帝，皇帝，誤光遠矣！」 其子承勳、承祚、承信勸光遠降，冀全其族。 光遠不許，曰：「吾昔在代北，嘗以紙錢祭天池而沈，人皆言當為天子，姑待之。」 丁巳，承勳斬勸光遠反者節度判官丘濤等，送其首於守貞，縱火大噪，劫其父出居私第，上表待罪，開城納官軍。
Li Shouzhen's long siege of Qingzhou exhausted the city's food; more than half the population starved. With no Khitan relief, Yang Guangyuan kowtowed toward the north crying, "Emperor, Emperor—you have misled me!" His sons Chengxun, Chengzuo, and Chengxin urged surrender to save the family. Guangyuan refused: "In the northern frontier I once offered paper money at Heaven Pool and cast it in—the omens said I would be emperor. We must wait." On dingsi day Chengxun killed Guangyuan's advisers including aide Qiu Tao, sent their heads to Shouzhen, raised a tumult, moved his father to a private house, submitted a plea for mercy, and opened the gates to imperial troops.
44
朱文進聞黃紹頗死，大懼，以重賞募兵二萬，遣統軍使林守諒、內客省使李廷鍔將之攻泉州，鉦鼓相聞五百里。 殷主延政遣大將軍杜進將兵二萬救泉州，留從效開門與福州兵戰，大破之，斬守諒，執廷鍔。 延政遣統軍使吳成義帥戰艦千艘攻福州，朱文進遣子弟為質於吳越以求救。 初，唐翰林待詔臧循，與樞密副使查文徽同鄉里，循常為賈人，習福建山川，為文徽畫取建州之策。 文徽表請用兵擊王延政，國人多以為不可。 唐主以文徽為江西安撫使，循行境上，覘其可否； 文徽至信州，奏言攻之必克。 唐主以洪州營屯都虞候邊鎬為行營招討諸軍都虞候，將兵從文徽伐殷。 文徽自建陽進屯蓋竹，聞漳、泉、汀三州皆隆於殷，殷將張漢真自鏞州將兵八千將至，文徽懼，退保建陽。 臧循屯邵武，邵武民導殷兵襲破循軍，執循送建州斬之。
Learning of Shaopo's death, Zhu Wenjin in terror recruited twenty thousand men and sent Lin Shouliang and Li Ting'e against Quanzhou—the din of drums carried five hundred li. Yanzheng sent Du Jin with twenty thousand relief troops. Congxiao sallied forth, routed the Fuzhou army, killed Shouliang, and captured Ting'e. Yanzheng sent Wu Chengyi with a thousand warships against Fuzhou. Zhu Wenjin sent kinsmen as hostages to Wuyue begging for aid. Tang Hanlin attendant Zang Xun, a townsman of privy deputy Zha Wenhui, had been a merchant and knew Fujian's terrain. He drafted a plan to seize Jianzhou for Wenhui. Wenhui petitioned to attack Wang Yanzheng; most at court thought it unwise. The Tang emperor made Wenhui Jiangxi pacification commissioner and sent Xun to scout the border; reaching Xinzhou, Wenhui reported that attack was certain to succeed. The Tang emperor appointed Hongzhou deputy Bian Hao to command the expedition following Wenhui against Yin. Wenhui advanced from Jianyang to Gaizhu, learned that Zhang, Quan, and Ting had submitted to Yin and that Zhang Hanzhen was marching eight thousand men from Yongzhou, and retreated to Jianyang in fear. Zang Xun camped at Shaowu. Locals guided Yin troops to surprise his force, capture him, and send him to Jianzhou for execution.
45
朝廷以楊光遠罪大，而諸子歸命，難於顯誅，命李守貞以便宜從事。 閏月，癸酉，守貞入青州，遣人拉殺光遠於別第，以病死聞。 丙戌，起復楊承勳，除汝州防禦使。
Because Yang Guangyuan's crimes were grave but his sons had surrendered, the court found it awkward to punish him openly and ordered Li Shouzhen to deal with the matter as he saw fit. In the intercalary month, on guiyou (day 10), Li Shouzhen entered Qingzhou and had Yang Guangyuan dragged from his private residence and killed; the court was told he had died of illness. On bingxu (day 23), Yang Chengxun was recalled from mourning and made military commissioner of Ruzhou.
46
殷吳成義聞有唐兵，詐使人告福州吏民曰：「唐助我討賊臣，大兵今至矣。」 福人益懼。 乙未，朱文進遣同平章事李光准等奉國寶於殷。 丁酉，福州南廊承旨林仁翰謂其徒曰：「吾曹世事王氏，今受制賊臣，富沙王至，何面見之！」 帥其徒三十人被甲趣連重遇第，重遇方嚴兵自衛，三十人者望之，稍稍遁去。 仁翰執槊直前刺重遇，殺之，斬其首以示眾曰：「富沙王且至，汝輩族矣！ 今重遇已死，何不亟取文進以贖罪！」 眾踴躍從之，遂斬文進，迎吳成義入城，函二首送建州。
When Yin Wu Chengyi heard that Tang forces were in the field, he sent a false messenger to tell Fuzhou's officials and people: "Tang is helping us punish the rebel ministers—the main army has arrived." The people of Fuzhou grew even more afraid. On yiwei (day 32), Zhu Wenjin sent fellow chief councilor Li Guangzhun and others to deliver the state regalia to Yin. On dingyou (day 34), Fuzhou's Director of the Southern Colonnade, Lin Renhan, told his men: "We have served the Wang house for generations, yet now we are held captive by rebel ministers. When the Prince of Fusha comes, how can we face him?" He led thirty armored followers to Lian Chongyu's mansion. Chongyu was drilling troops for his own defense; at the sight of them, the thirty men gradually melted away. Renhan took a spear, charged straight at Chongyu, and killed him. He cut off Chongyu's head and held it up to the crowd, shouting: "The Prince of Fusha is coming—you will all be wiped out! Chongyu is dead—why not seize Wenjin at once to redeem yourselves?" The crowd surged to follow him. They beheaded Wenjin, welcomed Wu Chengyi into the city, and sent both heads in a casket to Jianzhou.
47
契丹復大舉入寇，盧龍節度使趙延壽引兵先進。 契丹前鋒至邢州，順國節度使杜威遣使間道告急。 帝欲自將拒之，會有疾，命天平節度使張從思、鄴都留守馬全節、護國節度使安審琦會諸道兵屯邢州，武寧節度使趙在禮屯鄴都。 契丹主以大兵繼至，建牙於元氏。 朝廷憚契丹之盛，詔從恩等引兵稍卻，於是諸軍恟懼，無復部伍，委棄器甲，所過焚掠，比至相州，不復能整。
The Khitan again invaded in force, with Lulong military governor Zhao Yanshou leading the vanguard. The Khitan vanguard reached Xingzhou, and Shunguo military governor Du Wei sent a messenger by a hidden route to report the crisis. The emperor meant to take the field himself, but fell ill. He ordered Tianping military governor Zhang Cong'en, Yedu defender Ma Quanjie, and Huguo military governor An Shenqi to gather forces from the circuits and camp at Xingzhou, while Wuning military governor Zhao Zaili held Yedu. The Khitan ruler followed with the main host and pitched his headquarters at Yuanshi. Fearing Khitan strength, the court ordered Cong'en and the others to pull back slightly. The armies panicked, broke formation, cast away arms and armor, and burned and looted along the march; by the time they reached Xiangzhou they could no longer be brought back into order.
48
齊王中開運二年（ 乙巳，公元九四五年）
Kaiyun 2 of Later Jin ( yisi, AD 945)
49
春，正月，詔趙在禮還屯澶州，馬全節還鄴都； 又遣右神武統軍張彥澤屯黎陽，西京留守景延廣自滑州引兵守胡梁渡。 庚子，張從恩奏契丹逼邢州，詔滑州，鄴都復進軍拒之。 義成節度使皇甫遇將兵趣邢州。 契丹寇邢、洺、磁三州，殺掠殆盡，入鄴都境。
In spring, the first month, an edict ordered Zhao Zaili back to Dazhou and Ma Quanjie back to Yedu; it also sent Right Divine Martial Army commander Zhang Yanzhe to camp at Liyang and Western Capital defender Jing Yanguang to bring troops from Huazhou to hold Huliang Ford. On gengzi (day 37), Zhang Cong'en reported that the Khitan were pressing Xingzhou; the court ordered forces from Huazhou and Yedu to advance again and resist. Yicheng military governor Huangfu Yu marched toward Xingzhou. The Khitan ravaged Xing, Ming, and Ci, slaughtering and looting until little remained, then crossed into Yedu's territory.
50
壬子，張從恩、馬全節、安審琦悉以行營兵數萬，陳於相州安陽水之南。 皇甫遇與濮州刺史慕容彥超將數千騎前覘契丹，至鄴縣，將渡漳水，遇契丹數萬，遇等且戰且卻。 至榆林店，契丹大至，二將謀曰：「吾屬今走，死無遺矣！」 乃止，布陳，自午至未，力戰百餘合，相殺傷甚眾。 遇馬斃，因步戰； 其僕杜知敏以所乘馬授之，遇乘馬復戰。 久之，稍解； 顧知敏已為契丹所擒，遇曰：「知敏義士，不可棄也。」 與彥超躍馬入契丹陳，取知敏而還。 俄而契丹繼出新兵來戰。 二將曰：「吾屬勢不可走，以死報國耳。」 日且幕，安陽諸將怪覘兵不還，安審琦曰：「皇甫太師寂無聲問，必為虜所困。」 語未卒，有一騎白遇等為虜數萬所圍； 審琦即引騎兵出，將救之，張從恩曰：「此言未足信。 必若虜眾猥至，盡吾軍，恐未足以當之，公往何益！」 審琦曰：「成敗，天也。 萬一不濟，當共受之。 借使虜不南來，坐失皇甫太師，吾屬何顏以見天下！」 遂逾水而進。 契丹望見塵起，即解去。 遇等乃得還，與諸將俱歸相州，軍中皆服二將之勇。 彥超本吐谷渾也，與劉知遠同母。
On renzi (day 49), Zhang Cong'en, Ma Quanjie, and An Shenqi drew up tens of thousands of campaign troops south of the Anyang River at Xiangzhou. Huangfu Yu and Pu prefect Murong Yanchao led several thousand cavalry ahead to scout the Khitan. At Ye County, as they were about to ford the Zhang River, they met tens of thousands of Khitan and fought while falling back. At Yulin post station the Khitan closed in. The two generals said: "If we run now, not one of us will get out alive!" They halted and drew up formation. From noon to mid-afternoon they fought more than a hundred clashes, with heavy losses on both sides. Yu's horse was killed, so he fought on foot; his groom Du Zhimin gave Yu his own mount, and Yu remounted and returned to the fight. After a long while the fighting eased somewhat; he saw that Zhimin had already been taken by the Khitan. Yu said: "Zhimin is a man of honor—we cannot leave him." He and Yanchao charged into the Khitan lines, pulled Zhimin out, and rode back. Soon the Khitan brought up fresh troops and attacked again. The two generals said: "We cannot break away—we can only die for the realm." As dusk approached, the generals at Anyang wondered why the scouts had not returned. An Shenqi said: "Grand Mentor Huangfu has gone completely quiet—he must be surrounded." He had barely finished when a rider reported that Yu and his party were encircled by tens of thousands of the enemy; Shenqi at once led cavalry out to save them. Zhang Cong'en said: "That report is not reliable enough. If the foe really comes in such numbers and we throw in our entire force, I fear it may still not be enough—what good will your going do?" Shenqi said: "Success or failure is Heaven's affair. If it fails in the end, we should share the outcome together. Even if the Khitan never march south, if we sit here and lose Grand Mentor Huangfu, how can we face the empire?" He then crossed the river and pressed forward. The Khitan saw the dust of his approach and at once broke off and withdrew. Yu and his men were able to get back. They rejoined the other generals at Xiangzhou, and the whole army admired the two men's valor. Yanchao was originally Tuyuhun and shared a mother with Liu Zhiyuan.
51
契丹亦引軍退，其眾自相驚曰：「晉軍悉至矣！」 時契丹主在邯鄲，聞之，即時北遁，不再宿，至鼓城。
The Khitan also pulled their army back. Their men panicked among themselves, crying: "The whole Jin army is here!" The Khitan ruler was then at Handan. On hearing this he fled north at once, not stopping a second night, and reached Gucheng.
52
是夕，張從恩等議曰：「契丹傾國而來，吾兵不多，城中糧不支一旬，萬一有奸人往告吾虛實，虜悉眾圍我，死無日矣。 不若引軍就黎陽倉，南倚大河以拒之，可以萬全。」 議未決，從恩引兵先發，諸軍繼之； 擾亂失亡，復如發邢州之時。 從恩等留步兵五百守安陽橋，夜四鼓，知相州事符彥倫謂將佐曰：「此夕紛紜，人無固志，五百弊卒，安能守橋！」 即召入，乘城為備。 至曙，望之，契丹數萬騎已陳於安陽水北，彥倫命城上揚旌鼓噪約束，契丹不測。 日加辰，趙延壽與契丹惕隱帥眾逾水，環相州而南，詔右神武統軍張彥澤將兵趣相州。 延壽等至湯陰，聞之，甲寅，引還； 馬全節等擁大軍在黎陽，不敢追。 延壽悉陳甲騎於相州城下，若將攻城狀，符彥倫曰：「此虜將走耳。」 出甲卒五百，陳於城北以待之； 契丹果引去。
That night Zhang Cong'en and the others debated: "The Khitan have brought the whole nation against us. Our force is small and the city's grain will not last ten days. If some traitor reports our real strength, the foe will surround us with their full host and we will not live to see another day. Better to march to the Liyang granary and, with the great river at our backs to the south, hold them off—we can be completely safe." Before the debate was settled, Cong'en marched out first and the other armies followed; in the chaos men were lost, just as when they had left Xingzhou. Cong'en and the others left five hundred foot soldiers to guard Anyang Bridge. At the fourth watch Fu Yanlun, who was in charge at Xiangzhou, told his officers: "Tonight everything is in uproar and no one has a firm mind—how can five hundred spent troops hold the bridge?" He at once called them in and took the wall to prepare defenses. At dawn he looked out and saw tens of thousands of Khitan cavalry already drawn up north of the Anyang River. Yanlun ordered the men on the wall to raise banners, beat drums, shout orders, and keep ranks tight; the Khitan could not read their strength. By mid-morning Zhao Yanshou and the Khitan tiyin led their host across the river, swung south around Xiangzhou, and the court ordered Right Divine Martial Army commander Zhang Yanzhe to march toward Xiangzhou. When Yanshou reached Tangyin and heard the news, on jiayin (day 51) he turned back; Ma Quanjie and the others held the main force at Liyang but did not dare pursue. Yanshou paraded armored cavalry below Xiangzhou as if to storm the city. Fu Yanlun said: "These barbarians are about to run." He sent out five hundred armored troops and formed them north of the city to meet them; the Khitan did withdraw and leave.
53
以天平節度使張從恩權東京留守。
Tianping military governor Zhang Cong'en was made acting defender of the Eastern Capital.
54
庚申，振武節度使折從遠擊契丹，圍勝州，遂攻朔州。
On gengshen (day 57), Zhenwu military governor Zhe Congyuan struck the Khitan, besieged Shengzhou, then attacked Shuozhou.
55
帝疾小愈，河北相繼告急。 帝曰：「此非安寢之時。」 乃部分諸將為行計。
The emperor's illness eased somewhat, and urgent reports from Hebei kept arriving. The emperor said: "This is no time to sleep in peace." He then assigned the generals and laid plans for the campaign.
56
更命武定軍曰天威軍。
The Wuding Army was renamed the Tianwei Army.
57
北面副招討使馬全節等奏：「據降者言，虜眾不多，宜乘其散歸種落，大舉徑襲幽州。」 帝以為然，徵兵諸道。 壬戌，下詔親征； 乙丑，帝發大梁。
Northern deputy campaign commander Ma Quanjie and others reported: "Surrenders say the enemy host is not large. We should strike while they are dispersing to their tribes and march in force straight on Youzhou." The emperor agreed and called up troops from the circuits. On renxu (day 59), an edict announced his personal campaign; on yichou (day 62) the emperor left Daliang.
58
閩之故臣共迎殷主延政，請歸福州，改國號曰閩。 延政以方有唐兵，未暇徙都，以從子門下侍郎、同平章事繼昌都督南都內外諸軍事，鎮福州； 以飛捷指揮使黃仁諷為鎮遏使，將後衛之。 林仁翰至福州，閩主賞之甚薄。 仁翰未嘗自言其功。 發南都侍衛及兩軍甲士萬五千人，詣建州以拒唐。
Min's former ministers together welcomed Yin ruler Yanzheng, asked him to return to Fuzhou, and restored the state name to Min. With Tang forces active, Yanzheng had no time to move the capital. He made his nephew, Secretariat vice director and fellow chief councilor Jichang, overall commander of military affairs inside and outside the Southern Capital, to hold Fuzhou; he appointed Swift Courier commander Huang Renfeng suppression commissioner to command the rear guard. When Lin Renhan reached Fuzhou, the Min ruler rewarded him very thinly. Renhan never once spoke of his own deeds. He mobilized the Southern Capital guard and fifteen thousand armored troops from the two armies and marched to Jianzhou to resist Tang.
59
二月，壬辰朔，帝至滑州，壬申，命安審琦屯鄴都。 甲戌，帝發滑州； 乙亥，至澶州。 己卯，馬全節等諸軍以次北上。 劉知遠聞之曰：「中國疲弊，自守恐不足，乃橫挑強胡，勝之猶有後患，況不勝乎！」
In the second month, on renchen (day 29) the new moon, the emperor reached Huazhou; on renshen (day 9) he ordered An Shenqi to camp at Yedu. On jiaxu (day 11) the emperor left Huazhou; on yihai (day 12) he reached Dazhou. On jimao (day 16) the armies under Ma Quanjie and the others advanced north in sequence. When Liu Zhiyuan heard this he said: "China is exhausted. Merely holding our own may not be enough, yet we go and provoke the mighty Hu. Even victory will leave trouble behind—what if we lose?"
60
契丹自恆州還，以羸兵驅牛羊過祁州城下，刺史下邳沈斌出兵擊之； 契丹以精騎奪其城門，州兵不得還。 趙延壽知城中無餘兵，引契丹急攻之； 斌在〔城〕上，延壽語之曰：「沈使君，吾之故人，『擇禍莫若輕』，何不早降！」 斌曰：「侍中父子失計陷身虜庭，忍帥犬羊以殘父母之邦； 不自愧恥，更有驕色，何哉！ 沈斌弓折矢盡，寧為國家死耳，終不效公所為！」 明日，城陷，斌自殺。
The Khitan withdrew from Hengzhou and drove weak troops and herds of cattle and sheep past Qizhou. Xiapi prefect Shen Bin led troops out to attack; Khitan picked cavalry seized the gates, and the prefectural force could not get back in. Zhao Yanshou, knowing no troops remained in the city, led the Khitan in a swift assault; Bin was on the wall. Yanshou called to him: "Prefect Shen, you are an old friend of mine—'when you must choose a calamity, take the lightest'—why not surrender now?" Bin said: "Your Excellency, you and your father through bad counsel fell into the barbarian court, yet you can bear to lead dogs and sheep to ravage the land of your fathers and mothers; you feel no shame, and show only more arrogance—how can that be? Shen Bin's bow is broken and his arrows are gone. I would rather die for the state than ever do as you have done!" The next day the city fell and Bin took his own life.
61
丙戌，詔北面行營都招討使杜威以本道兵會馬全節等進軍。
On bingxu (day 23) an edict ordered northern supreme campaign commander Du Wei to unite his circuit's troops with Ma Quanjie and the others and advance.
62
端明殿學士、戶部侍郎馮玉，宣徽北院使、權侍衛馬步都虞候太原李彥韜，皆挾恩用事，惡中書令桑維翰，數毀之。 帝欲罷維翰政事，李崧、劉昫固諫而止。 維翰知之，請以玉為樞密副使，玉殊不平。 丙申，中旨以玉為戶部尚書、樞密使，以分維翰之權。 彥韜少事閻寶，為僕夫，後隸高祖帳下。 高祖自太原南下，留彥韜侍帝，為腹心，由是有寵。 性纖巧，與嬖倖相結，以蔽帝耳目，帝委信之，至於升黜將相，亦得預議。 常謂人曰：「吾不知朝廷設文官何所用，且欲澄汰，徐當盡去之。」
Duanming academician and vice minister of revenue Feng Yu, and northern bureau commissioner and acting commander of the palace horse and foot guard Li Yantao of Taiyuan, both traded on imperial favor, hated chief councilor Sang Weihan, and slandered him again and again. The emperor wanted to strip Weihan of office; Li Song and Liu Xu remonstrated firmly and stopped him. Weihan learned of this and asked that Yu be made deputy military affairs commissioner; Yu was deeply resentful. On bingshen (day 33) a central order made Yu minister of revenue and military affairs commissioner, to split Weihan's authority. In youth Yantao had served Yan Bao as a groom and later entered the High Ancestor's personal following. When the High Ancestor marched south from Taiyuan he left Yantao to attend the emperor as a trusted man, and so won favor. Crafty by nature, he bonded with the emperor's favorites to screen the emperor's eyes and ears. The emperor relied on him even for promoting and dismissing generals and chief ministers. He often told others: "I do not see what use the court has for civil officials. I mean to purge them—in time they will all be gone."
63
唐查文徽表求益兵，唐主以天威都虞候何敬洙為建州行營招討馬步都指揮使，將軍祖全恩為應援使，姚鳳為都監，將兵數千會攻建州，自崇安進屯赤嶺。 閩主延政遣僕射楊思恭、統軍使陳望將兵萬人拒之，列柵水南，旬餘不戰，唐人不敢逼。 思恭以延政之命督望戰。 望曰：「江、淮兵精，其將習武事。 國之安危，系此一舉，不可不萬全而後動。」 思恭怒曰：「唐兵深侵，陛下寢不交睫，委之將軍。 今唐兵不出數千，將軍擁眾萬餘，不乘其未定而擊之，有如唐兵懼而自退，將軍何面目見陛下乎！」 望不得已，引兵涉水與唐戰。 全恩等以大兵當其前，使奇兵出其後，大破之。 望死，思恭僅以身免。 延政大懼，嬰城自守，召董思安、王忠順，使將泉州兵五千詣建州，分守要害。
Zha Wenhu of Tang submitted a memorial asking for reinforcements. The Tang sovereign made He Jingshu of the Tianwei command post commander-in-chief of the Jianzhou field army for horse and foot; appointed General Zu Quan'en relief commissioner and Yao Feng superintendent; and sent several thousand men to converge on Jianzhou, marching from Chong'an to camp at Chiling. Min ruler Yan Zheng dispatched Grand Secretary Yang Sigong and army commander Chen Wang with ten thousand soldiers to oppose them. They lined stockades on the south bank of the river and for over ten days refused battle, and the Tang troops did not dare close in. On Yan Zheng's command, Sigong pressed Wang to give battle. Chen Wang said, "The Jianghuai troops are crack soldiers, and their commanders are trained in war. The realm's survival depends on this single stroke—we cannot move until every precaution is in place." Sigong burst out in anger: "The Tang have driven deep into our land. The sovereign cannot so much as close his eyes in sleep, yet he has entrusted everything to you, General. The Tang field no more than a few thousand men, while you hold well over ten thousand. If you fail to hit them before they steady themselves, and they should withdraw out of fear—what countenance will you wear when you stand before His Majesty?" Wang could do nothing else; he led his troops across the river and engaged the Tang. Quan'en and his colleagues blocked them with the main body in front and sent a flanking force from behind, shattering them completely. Wang was killed; Sigong barely escaped with his own skin. Yan Zheng was terrified. He shut himself in the city, called Dong Si'an and Wang Zhongshun, and ordered them to lead five thousand Quanzhou troops to Jianzhou to hold the critical passes.
64
初，高祖置德清軍於故澶州城，乃契丹入寇，澶州、鄴都之間，城戍俱陷。 議者以澶州、鄴都相去五十里，宜於中塗築城以應接南北，從之。 三月，戊戌，更築德清軍城，合德清、南樂之民以實之。
Earlier, Emperor Gaozu had posted the Deqing Army in the old Chanzou citadel. When the Khitan raided in, every walled post between Chanzou and Yedu was lost. Counselors argued that Chanzou and Yedu lay fifty li apart and that a town should be raised halfway between to connect north and south; the court agreed. In the third month, on wuxu day, the Deqing Army fortress was rebuilt, and the populace of Deqing and Nanle were combined to fill it.
65
初，光州人李仁達，仕閩為元從指揮使，十五年不遷職。 閩主曦之世，叛奔建州，閩主延政以為將。 及朱文進弒曦，復叛奔福州，陳取建州之策。 文進惡其反覆，黜居福清。 〔先是〕浦城人陳繼珣，亦叛閩主延政奔福州，為曦畫策取建州，曦以為著作郎。 及延政得福州，二人皆不自安。 王繼昌闇弱嗜酒，不恤將士，將士多怨。 仁達潛入福州，與繼珣說黃仁諷曰：「今唐兵乘勝，建州孤危。 富沙王不能保建州，安能保福州！ 昔王潮兄弟，光山布衣耳，取福建如反掌。 況吾輩乘此機會，自圖富貴，何患不如彼乎！」 仁諷然之。 是夕，仁達等引甲士突入府捨，殺繼昌及吳成義。 仁達欲自立，恐眾心未服，以雪峰寺僧卓巖明素為眾所重，乃言：「此僧目重瞳子，手垂過膝，真天子也。」 相與迎之。 己亥，立以為帝，解去衲衣，被以袞冕，帥將吏北面拜之。 然猶稱天福十年，遣使奉表稱籓於晉。 延政聞之，族黃仁諷家，命統軍使張漢真將水軍五千，會漳、泉兵討巖明。
Earlier, Li Rendao of Guangzhou had served Min as a commander of the original retinue and had gone fifteen years without promotion. In the reign of Min ruler Xi he rebelled and fled to Jianzhou; Min ruler Yan Zheng appointed him a general. When Zhu Wenjin murdered Xi, he rebelled once more, fled to Fuzhou, and offered a plan to seize Jianzhou. Wenjin despised his shifting loyalties and banished him to live in Fuqing. [Earlier still] Chen Jixun of Pucheng likewise rebelled against Yan Zheng and fled to Fuzhou. He had devised for Xi the scheme to take Jianzhou, and Xi made him Gentleman for Authorship. Once Yan Zheng held Fuzhou, neither man felt secure. Wang Jichang was dull, weak, and addicted to wine; he showed no concern for the troops, and the soldiers nursed deep grievances. Rendao stole into Fuzhou and, with Jixun, urged Huang Renfeng: "The Tang are riding victory; Jianzhou stands alone and endangered. If the Prince of Fusha cannot keep Jianzhou, how can he keep Fuzhou! Once the Wang Chao brothers were nothing but hemp-clad commoners of Guangshan, yet they seized Fujian as easily as turning the palm. If we seize this moment to carve out fortune for ourselves, what fear that we should fall short of them!" Ren Feng assented. That night Rendao and his party led armored soldiers in a sudden rush into the government compound and killed Jichang and Wu Chengyi. Rendao wished to declare himself ruler but feared the crowd was not yet won. Zhuo Yanming, a monk of Xuefeng Temple, had long been respected by all, so he said, "This monk has double pupils and hands that reach below the knee—he is a true Son of Heaven." They went together to bring him in. On jihai day they raised him as emperor, stripped off his Buddhist robes, arrayed him in imperial vestments, and led officers and clerks in obeisance toward the north. Even so they still dated the year as Tianfu ten and sent envoys with a memorial declaring themselves vassals of Jin. When Yan Zheng learned of it he wiped out Huang Renfeng's entire clan and ordered army commander Zhang Hanzhen to take five thousand naval troops, join with Zhangzhou and Quanzhou forces, and march against Yanming.
66
乙巳，杜威等諸軍會於定州，以供奉官蕭處鈞權知祁州事。 庚戌，諸軍攻契丹，泰州刺史晉廷謙舉州降。 甲寅，取滿城，獲契丹酋長沒剌及其兵二千人。 乙卯，取遂城。 趙延壽部曲有降者言：「契丹主還至虎北口，聞晉取泰州，復擁眾南向，約八萬餘騎，計來夕當至，宜速為備。」 杜威等懼，丙辰，退保泰州。 戊午，契丹至泰州。 己未，晉軍南行，契丹踵之。 晉軍至陽城，庚申，契丹大至。 晉軍與戰，逐北十餘里，契丹逾白溝而去。
On yisi day Du Wei and the allied armies gathered at Dingzhou. The palace attendant Xiao Chujun was appointed acting administrator of Qizhou. On gengxu day the armies struck the Khitan. Taizhou prefect Jin Tingqian surrendered the entire prefecture. On jiayin day they seized Mancheng and took the Khitan chieftain Molà together with two thousand of his soldiers. On yimao day they took Suicheng. A man who had deserted from Zhao Yanshou's command reported, "The Khitan ruler withdrew to Hubekou, but on hearing that Jin had taken Taizhou he has massed his host south again—roughly eighty thousand horsemen—and should arrive this very night. Make ready at once." Du Wei and his colleagues were alarmed. On bingchen day they fell back to hold Taizhou. On wuwu day the Khitan came up to Taizhou. On jiwei day the Jin army marched south, the Khitan treading on their heels. The Jin reached Yangcheng; on gengshen day the Khitan descended in full strength. The Jin gave battle and chased them north more than ten li before the Khitan crossed the White Ditch and pulled away.
67
壬戌，晉軍結陳而南，胡騎四合如山，諸軍力戰拒之。 是日，才行十餘里，人馬饑乏。
On renxu day the Jin army drew up in formation and marched south. Khitan horsemen closed in on every side like moving hills, and every contingent fought with all its strength to beat them back. That day they had covered barely more than ten li; men and horses were starved and spent.
68
癸亥，晉軍至白團衛村，埋鹿角為行寨。 契丹圍之數重，奇兵出寨後斷糧道。 是夕，東北風大起，破屋折樹； 營中掘井，方及水輒崩，士卒取其泥，帛絞而飲之，人馬俱渴。 至曙，風尤甚。 契丹主坐奚車中，令其眾曰：「晉軍止此耳，當盡擒之，然後南取大梁！」 命鐵鷂四面下馬，拔鹿角而入，奮短兵以擊晉軍，又順風縱火揚塵以助其勢。 軍士皆憤怒，大呼曰：「都招討使何不用兵，令士卒待死！」 諸將請出戰，杜威曰：「俟風稍緩，徐觀可否。」 馬步都監李守貞曰：「彼眾我寡，風沙之內，莫測多少，惟力鬥者勝，此風乃助我也； 若俟風止，吾屬無類矣。」 即呼曰：「諸軍齊擊賊！」 又謂威曰：「令公善守禦，守貞以中軍決死矣！」 馬軍左廂都排陳使張彥澤召諸將問計，皆曰：「虜得風勢，宜俟風回與戰。」 彥澤亦以為然。 諸將退，馬軍右廂副排陳使太原藥元福獨留，謂彥澤曰：「今軍中飢渴已甚，若俟風回，吾屬已為虜矣。 敵謂我不能逆風以戰，宜出其不意急擊之，此兵之詭道也。」 馬步左右廂都排陳使符彥卿曰：「與其束手就擒，曷若以身徇國！」 乃與彥澤、元福及左廂都排陳使皇甫遇引精騎出西門擊之，諸將繼至。 契丹卻數百步。 彥卿等謂守貞曰：「且曳隊往來乎？ 直前奮擊，以勝為度乎？」 守貞曰：「事勢如此，安可回鞚！ 宜長驅取勝耳！」 彥卿等躍馬而去，風勢益甚，昏晦如夜，彥卿等擁萬餘騎橫擊契丹，呼聲動天地，契丹大敗而走，勢如崩山。 李守貞亦令步兵盡拔鹿角出鬥，步騎俱進，逐北二十餘里。 鐵鷂既下馬，蒼皇不能復上，皆委棄馬及鎧仗蔽地。 契丹散卒至陽城東南水上，稍復布列。 杜威曰：「賊已破膽，不宜更令成列！」 遣精騎擊之，皆渡水去。 契丹主乘奚車走十餘里，追兵急，獲一橐駝，乘之而走。 諸將請急追之。 杜威揚言曰：「逢賊幸不死，更索衣囊邪？」 李守貞曰：「兩日人馬渴甚，今得水飲之，皆足重，難以追寇，不若全軍而還。」 乃退保定州。 契丹主至幽州，散兵稍集； 以軍失利，杖其酋長各數百，唯趙延壽得免。
On guihai day the Jin army came to Baituanwei village and planted antler palisades for a marching encampment. The Khitan ringed them in many layers, while picked troops slipped out behind the camp and severed the grain road. That night a northeast gale rose, smashing houses and snapping trees; within the camp they sank wells, yet the moment water appeared the sides caved in. Soldiers squeezed mud through cloth and drank the drippings; men and horses alike were burning with thirst. By daybreak the wind was worse still. The Khitan ruler sat in his cart and told his host, "The Jin army ends here! Take every man, then drive south to seize Daliang!" He commanded the Iron Hawks on all four faces to dismount, tear out the antler stakes, and rush in, fighting the Jin with short arms while they loosed fire downwind and raised dust to swell their momentum. The troops were enraged and roared, "Why will the commander-in-chief not commit the army and leave the men to wait for death!" The generals pleaded to sally forth. Du Wei said, "Wait until the wind slackens, then watch at leisure whether we can act." Li Shouzhen, overseer of horse and foot, said, "They are many, we few; in wind and blown sand no one can tell the count. Only he who fights with his whole might wins—and this wind is our ally; if we wait for the wind to die, not one of us will be left alive." At once he cried, "Every unit—strike the enemy together!" He told Wei further, "Your Excellency hold the defenses; Shouzhen will throw the central army into a battle to the death!" Zhang Yanze, left-wing commander of the horse army, called the generals to counsel. All said, "The barbarians hold the wind's advantage; we ought to wait until it turns before we fight." Yanze agreed. The generals withdrew, but Yao Yuanfu of Taiyuan, deputy right-wing commander of the horse army, stayed behind and told Yanze, "The army is already half dead from hunger and thirst. If we wait for the wind to change, we will already be the enemy's prisoners. They believe we cannot fight into the wind. Strike them unawares and hard—that is war's deceit." Fu Yanqing, commander of both horse wings, said, "Better to offer one's body to the state than sit bound and be seized!" He then joined Yanze, Yuanfu, and left-wing commander Huangfu Yu in leading picked cavalry out the west gate to attack; the other generals came after. The Khitan recoiled several hundred paces. Yanqing and the rest asked Shouzhen, "Shall we wheel the line to and fro awhile? Or drive straight forward and fight to the limit of victory?" Shouzhen said, "Matters stand as they stand—how can we turn the reins! Press on at full gallop and take the win!" Yanqing and his fellows lashed their horses forward. The wind rose still higher, darkness thick as night. More than ten thousand horsemen under Yanqing swept sideways into the Khitan; their battle cries shook heaven and earth. The Khitan were smashed and fled, their rout like a mountain in collapse. Li Shouzhen likewise ordered the infantry to uproot every antler stake and pour out to fight. Foot and horse went forward together, chasing the foe north more than twenty li. The Iron Hawks, already on foot, could not regain their saddles in the panic and cast away horses and armor until the ground was buried under them. Broken Khitan bands reached the waters southeast of Yangcheng and slowly drew up again. Du Wei said, "The enemy's nerve is already shattered—we must not let them form ranks again!" He sent picked horsemen to hit them, and all forded the water and ran. The Khitan ruler fled in his cart for more than ten li. Pursuit closed tight, so he seized a Bactrian camel and rode it off. The generals begged to press the pursuit hard. Du Wei announced publicly, "We met the enemy and by luck did not die—must we now go after their baggage too?" Li Shouzhen said, "For two days men and horses have been parched beyond bearing. Now they have water and have drunk their fill; every man is heavy on his feet and we cannot run the foe down. Better to bring the whole army home." They then fell back to Baoding. When the Khitan ruler reached Youzhou, his scattered soldiers slowly reassembled; because the campaign had failed, he had every chieftain beaten several hundred blows—only Zhao Yanshou was excused.
69
乙丑，諸軍自定州引歸。 詔以泰州隸定州。
On yichou day the allied armies marched back from Dingzhou. An edict placed Taizhou under Dingzhou's jurisdiction.
70
夏，四月，辛巳，帝發澶州，甲申，還大梁。
In summer, the fourth month, on xinsi day the emperor left Chanzou; on jiashen day he was back in Daliang.
71
己丑，復以鄴都為天雄軍。
On jichou day Yedu was restored as the Tianxiong command.
72
閩張漢真至福州，攻其東關。 黃仁諷聞其家夷滅，開門力戰，大破閩兵，執漢真，入城，斬之。 卓巖明無它方略，但於殿上噀水散豆，作諸法事而已。 又遣使迎其父於莆田，尊為太上皇。 李仁達既立巖明，自判六軍諸衛事，使黃仁諷屯西門，陳繼珣屯北門。 仁諷從容謂繼珣曰：「人之所以為人，以有忠、信、仁、義也。 吾頃嘗有功於富沙，中間叛之，非忠也； 人以從子托我而與人殺之，非信也； 屬者與建兵戰，所殺皆鄉曲故人，非仁也； 棄妻子，使人魚肉之，非義也。 此身十沉九浮，死有餘愧！」 因拊膺慟哭。 繼珣曰：「大丈夫徇功名，何顧妻子！ 宜置此事，勿以取禍。」 仁達聞之，使人告仁諷、繼珣謀反，皆殺之。 由是兵權盡歸仁達。
Zhang Hanzhen of Min arrived at Fuzhou and assaulted the eastern gate. Huang Renfeng learned that his clan had been exterminated. He threw open the gate, fought with desperate force, routed the Min troops, seized Hanzhen, dragged him into the city, and beheaded him. Zhuo Yanming had no policy beyond spitting water and scattering beans in the hall and carrying out ritual observances. He also sent envoys to bring his father from Putian and exalted him as Retired Emperor. Once Rendao had set Yanming on the throne, he took command of the Six Armies and palace guards himself, stationing Huang Renfeng at the west gate and Chen Jixun at the north gate. Renfeng said quietly to Jixun, "A man is a man because he keeps loyalty, faith, benevolence, and righteousness. I once served Fusha with credit, then turned rebel midway—that is not loyalty; a man entrusted his nephew to me and I let others kill him—that is not faith; in the recent war with the Jianzhou troops, everyone I killed was a neighbor or old friend—that is not benevolence; I cast off wife and children and let others carve them like fish on the block—that is not righteousness. This body has gone under nine times in ten and floated up once—to die still leaves shame enough!" He clapped his chest and wept in anguish. Jixun said, "A great man sells himself for fame and rank—why trouble over wife and children! Put such thoughts away and do not bring ruin on yourself." When Rendao heard of this, he sent word that Renfeng and Jixun were plotting revolt, and had both of them executed. From then on, all military authority passed to Li Renda.
73
五月，丙申朔，大赦。
In the fifth month, on the first day of the month (bingchen), the court proclaimed a general amnesty.
74
順國節度使杜威，久鎮恆州，性貪殘，自恃貴戚，多不法。 每以備邊為名，斂吏民錢帛以充私藏。 富室有珍貨或名姝、駿馬，皆虜取之； 或誣以罪殺之，籍沒其家。 又畏懦過甚，每契丹數十騎入境，威已閉門登陴； 或數騎驅所掠華人千百過城下，威但□真目延頸望之，無意邀取。 由是虜無所忌憚，屬城多為所屠，威竟不出一卒救之，千里之間，暴骨如莽，村落殆盡。 威見所部殘弊，為眾所怨，又畏契丹之強，累表請入朝，帝不許； 威不俟報，遽委鎮入朝，朝廷聞之，驚駭。 桑維翰言於帝曰：「威固違朝命，擅離邊鎮。 居常憑恃勳親，邀求姑息，及疆場多事，曾無守禦之意； 宜因此時廢之，庶無後患。」 帝不悅。 維翰曰：「陛下不忍廢之，宜授以近京小鎮，勿復委以雄籓。」 帝曰：「威，朕之密親，必無異志； 但宋國長公主切欲相見耳，公勿以為疑！」 維翰自是不敢復言國事，以足疾辭位。 丙辰，威至大梁。
Du Wei, military commissioner of Shunguo, had long held Hengzhou. Greedy and brutal by nature, he leaned on his status as an imperial in-law and broke the law repeatedly. He regularly extorted cash and cloth from officials and civilians under the pretext of frontier defense, stockpiling it for himself. If a rich household possessed rare valuables, renowned beauties, or fine steeds, he plundered them outright; or framed them on false charges, had them executed, and confiscated their estates. He was also abjectly cowardly: at the sight of even a few dozen Khitan horsemen crossing the border, Wei would already have shut the gates and manned the walls; or when a handful of riders drove hundreds or thousands of captured Chinese past beneath the walls, Wei would merely glare and crane his neck to watch, with no thought of intercepting them. The Khitan therefore had nothing to fear from him. Subordinate cities were repeatedly sacked, yet Wei never dispatched a single trooper to their aid; for a thousand li, bleaching bones lay thick as brush, and hamlets were all but wiped from the map. Seeing his district laid waste and himself loathed by his troops, and fearing Khitan power besides, Wei memorialized again and again to return to court; the emperor refused. Without waiting for a response, he abruptly quit his command and came to court. When word reached the capital, the court was stunned. Sang Weinhan said to the emperor, "Wei has plainly defied the court by quitting a frontier post without authorization. He habitually trades on his ties to the throne and demands leniency; now that the marches are in crisis, he has shown not the slightest will to hold the line; the time is right to remove him, lest trouble follow later." The emperor was displeased. Weinhan said, "If Your Majesty cannot bring yourself to dismiss him, grant him a minor post near the capital, and do not again invest him in a powerful frontier command." The emperor said, "Wei is my close kinsman and surely harbors no disloyal intent; only the Princess of Songlong longs to see him—that is all. Sir, do not cast doubt on him!" From then Sang Weinhan dared not raise state affairs again; citing a foot ailment, he resigned his office. On bingchen, Du Wei reached Daliang.
75
丁巳，李仁達大閱戰士，請卓巖明臨視。 仁達陰教軍士突前登階，刺殺巖明。 仁達陽驚，狼狽而走。 軍士共執仁達，使居巖明之坐。 仁達乃自稱威武留後，用保大年號，奉表稱籓於唐，亦遣使入貢於晉； 並殺巖明之父。 唐以仁達為威武節度使、同平章事，賜名弘義，編之屬籍。 弘義又遣使修好於吳越。
On dingsi, Li Renda reviewed his troops in grand array and invited Zhuo Yanming to attend. Renda secretly told his soldiers to surge forward up the steps and stab Yanming to death. Renda feigned shock and fled in disorder. The troops seized Renda in turn and seated him in Yanming's chair. Renda then proclaimed himself acting commissioner of Weiwu, adopted Tang's Baoda reign title, sent a memorial pledging vassalage to Tang, and dispatched envoys to pay tribute to Jin as well; and had Yanming's father put to death. Tang appointed him military commissioner of Weiwu and Tongpingzhangshi, granted the name Hongyi, and entered him on the imperial clan rolls. Hongyi also sent envoys to open friendly relations with Wuyue.
76
己未，杜威獻部曲步騎合四千人並鎧仗，庚申，又獻粟十萬斛、芻二十萬束，雲皆在本道。 帝以其所獻騎兵隸扈聖，步兵隸護國，威復請以為牙隊，而稟賜皆仰縣官。 威又令公主白帝，求天雄節鉞，帝許之。
On jiwei, Du Wei presented four thousand infantry and cavalry of his personal command, with armor and weapons; on gengshen he offered one hundred thousand hu of grain and two hundred thousand bundles of fodder, claiming all remained in his circuit. The emperor assigned the cavalry to the Husheng guard corps and the infantry to the Huguo guard corps; Wei asked that they again serve as his personal retainers, with pay and provisions drawn from the state. Through the princess he petitioned for the Tianxiong command; the emperor approved.
77
唐兵圍建州，屢破泉州兵。 許文稹敗唐兵於汀州，執其將時厚卿。
Tang armies besieged Jianzhou and repeatedly routed Quanzhou's forces. Xu Wenzhen defeated Tang troops at Tingzhou and took their general Shi Houqing prisoner.
78
六月，癸酉，以杜威為天雄節度使。
In the sixth month, on guiyou, Du Wei was appointed military commissioner of Tianxiong.
79
契丹連歲入寇，中國疲於奔命，邊民塗地； 契丹人畜亦多死，國人厭苦之。 述律太后謂契丹主曰：「使漢人為胡主，可乎？」 曰：「不可。」 太后曰：「然則汝何故欲為漢主？」 曰：「石氏負恩，不可容。」 太后曰：「汝今雖得漢地，不能居也； 萬一蹉跌，悔何所及！」 又謂其群下曰：「漢兒何得一向眠！ 自古但聞漢和蕃，未聞蕃和漢。 漢兒果能回意，我亦何惜與和！」 桑維翰屢勸帝復請和於契丹以紓國患，帝假開封軍將張暉供奉官，使奉表稱臣詣契丹，卑辭謝過。 契丹主曰：「使景延廣、桑維翰自來，仍割鎮、定兩道隸我，則可和。」 朝廷以契丹語忿，謂其無和意，乃止。 及契丹主入大梁，謂李崧等曰：「曏使晉使再來，則南北不戰矣。」
Year after year the Khitan raided inward; the realm was worn out from emergency marches, and border populations were slaughtered wholesale; Khitan people and herds likewise suffered heavy losses, and their people grew sick of the hardship. Empress Dowager Shulü said to the Khitan emperor, "Would it do to set a Chinese man as ruler over the Hu?" He said, "It cannot be done." The empress dowager said, "Then why do you wish to become ruler over the Chinese?" He said, "The Shi have betrayed our favor; they cannot be endured." The empress dowager said, "Though you seize Chinese territory now, you cannot hold it; should you stumble once, remorse will come too late!" She also told her ministers, "How can these Chinese pups keep sleeping as they please! Since antiquity one has heard only of Chinese suing the frontier tribes for peace, never of tribes suing the Chinese. If the Chinese truly change their minds, what would I begrudge in granting peace!" Sang Weinhan repeatedly urged the emperor to seek peace with the Khitan again to ease the national crisis. The emperor lent Kaifeng military officer Zhang Hui the rank of palace attendant and sent him with a memorial declaring vassalage to the Khitan, apologizing in abject terms. The Khitan emperor said, "Have Jing Yanguang and Sang Weinhan come in person, and cede the Zhen and Ding circuits to me—then peace may be discussed. The court took the Khitan reply as wrathful and concluded that no sincere desire for peace existed, and broke off the effort. When the Khitan emperor later entered Daliang, he told Li Song and others, "Had Jin sent envoys once more, north and south would never have fought."
80
秋，七月，閩人或告福州援兵謀叛，閩主延政收其鎧仗，遣還，伏兵於隘，盡殺之，死者八千餘人，脯其肉以歸為食。
In autumn, the seventh month, some Min men reported that Fuzhou relief troops were plotting rebellion. The Min ruler Yanzheng confiscated their arms, sent them homeward, then ambushed them in a defile and slaughtered them all—more than eight thousand dead. Their flesh was cured and carried back for rations.
81
唐邊鎬拔鐔州，查文徽之黨魏岑、馮延己、延魯以師出有功，皆踴躍贊成之。 徵求供億，府庫為之耗竭，洪、饒、撫、信之民尤苦之。
Tang's Bian Hao captured Tazhou. Wei Cen, Feng Yanji, Yan Lu, and the rest of Cha Wenhui's faction, heartened by the army's early success, all pressed enthusiastically for more. Requisitions for grain and transport emptied the treasuries; the peoples of Hong, Rao, Fu, and Xin suffered worst of all.
82
延政遣使奉表稱臣於吳越，請為附庸以求救。
Yanzheng sent envoys with a memorial declaring vassalage to Wuyue, asking to become a tributary state in exchange for rescue.
83
楚王希範疑靜江節度使兼侍中、知朗州希杲得人心，遣人伺之。 希杲懼，稱疾求歸，不許； 遣醫往視疾，因毒殺之。
The king of Chu, Xi Fan, suspected that Xi Gao, military commissioner of Jingjiang, palace attendant, and administrator of Langzhou, had won the people's loyalty and sent men to watch him. Xi Gao grew fearful; he pleaded illness and asked to leave, but permission was refused; the court sent physicians to examine his illness and poisoned him on the pretext.