1
資治通鑑第285卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 285
2
【後晉紀六】起旃蒙大荒落八月，盡柔兆敦牂，凡一年有奇。
[Later Jin Records 6] From the eighth month of Zhanmeng Dahuangluo through Rouzhao Dunzang—slightly more than one year in all.
3
齊王下開運二年（ 乙巳，公元九四五年）
Under the Qi Prince section, Kaiyun 2 ( the yisi year, AD 945)
4
八月，甲子朔，日有食之。
In the eighth month, on the first day of the month (jiazi), a solar eclipse occurred.
5
丙寅，右僕射兼中書侍郎、同平章事和凝罷守本官。 加樞密使、戶部尚書馮玉中書侍郎、同平章事，事無大小，悉以委之。 帝自陽城之捷，謂天下無虞，驕侈益甚。 四方貢獻珍奇，皆歸內府。 多造器玩，廣宮室，崇飾後庭，近朝莫之及。 作織錦樓以織地衣，用織工數百，期年乃成。 又賞賜優伶無度。 桑維翰諫曰：「曏者陛下親御胡寇，戰士重傷者，賞不過帛數端。 今優人一談一笑稱旨，往往賜束帛、萬錢、錦袍、銀帶，彼戰士見之，能不觖望，曰：『我曹冒白刃，絕筋折骨，曾不如一談一笑之功乎！』 如此，則士卒解體，陛下誰與衛社稷乎！」 帝不聽。 馮玉每善承迎帝意，由是益有寵。 嘗有疾在家，帝謂諸宰相曰：「自刺史以上，俟馮玉出，乃得除。」 其倚任如此。 玉乘勢弄權，四方賂遺，輻輳其門。 由是朝政益壞。
On bingyin, He Ning—Right Censor-in-Chief who also served as Vice Minister of the Secretariat and Associate Director of the Chancellery—was removed from the joint post and kept only his original rank. Feng Yu, who held the posts of Bureau of Military Affairs commissioner and Minister of Revenue, was promoted to Vice Minister of the Secretariat and Associate Director of the Chancellery, and the emperor delegated every affair, large or small, to him. After the victory at Yangcheng, the emperor believed the empire had nothing to fear, and he became increasingly arrogant and extravagant. Exotic tribute from every region flowed into the imperial storehouse. He commissioned countless luxuries, enlarged the palaces, and outfitted the inner quarters on a scale no recent dynasty had approached. He erected a Brocade Tower to weave carpet hangings, putting hundreds of artisans to work for a year before the project was complete. He also lavished rewards on performers without restraint. Sang Weihan admonished him: "When Your Majesty once led the army against the Khitan, a soldier gravely wounded received only a few bolts of cloth. Today a performer who earns Your Majesty's favor with a quip or a smile often receives silk bundles, ten thousand cash, brocade robes, and silver belts. Soldiers who see that cannot help but grow bitter and ask whether risking their lives in battle is worth less than a single jest.' If this goes on, the army will fall apart—who then will guard the realm for Your Majesty?" The emperor paid no heed. Feng Yu excelled at flattering the emperor's moods, and his favor only increased. When Feng Yu once fell ill and stayed home, the emperor told the chief ministers that no appointment from regional inspector upward could be made until Feng Yu returned to court. Such was the degree of trust the emperor placed in him. Feng Yu abused his power, and gifts and bribes from every direction crowded his doorstep. "Court administration deteriorated still further."
6
唐兵圍建州既久，建人離心。 或謂董思安：「盍早擇去就？」 思安曰「吾世事王氏，危而叛之，天下其誰容我！」 眾感其言，無叛者。
After a long Tang siege of Jianzhou, the local population's loyalty began to fray. Some urged Dong Si'an: "You ought to decide your allegiance before it is too late. Dong Si'an replied: "My family has served the Wang clan for generations. If I betray them now that they are in danger, who in the realm would accept me? The men were moved by his words, and no one turned traitor.
7
丁亥，唐先鋒橋道使上元王建封先登，遂克建州，閩主延政降。 王忠順戰死，董思安整眾奔泉州。 初，唐兵之來，建人苦王氏之亂與楊思恭之重斂，爭伐木開道以迎之。 及破建州，縱兵大掠，焚宮室廬舍俱盡。 是夕，寒雨，凍死者相枕，建人失望。 唐主以其有功，皆不問。
On dinghai, Tang vanguard and bridge-route commissioner Wang Jianfeng of Shangyuan was first over the wall; Jianzhou fell, and the Min ruler Wang Yanzheng surrendered. Wang Zhongshun was killed in battle, while Dong Si'an rallied his forces and withdrew to Quanzhou. When the Tang army first marched in, the people of Jianzhou had suffered under Wang misrule and Yang Sigong's crushing taxes, and they competed to clear paths through the woods to welcome the invaders. Once Jianzhou was taken, the troops were allowed to loot freely, and palaces and homes were burned to the ground. That night a cold rain fell, and corpses of those who froze to death lay stacked together; the people of Jian lost all hope in their liberators. The Tang emperor let the abuses go unpunished because the army had won the victory.
8
漢主殺韶王弘雅。
The Southern Han ruler put Prince of Shao Liu Hongya to death.
9
九月，許文稹以汀州，王繼勳以泉州，王繼成以漳州，皆降於唐。 唐置永安軍於建州。
In the ninth month, Xu Wenzhen surrendered Tingzhou, Wang Jixun Quanzhou, and Wang Jicheng Zhangzhou, all submitting to Tang. Tang established the Yong'an military district at Jianzhou.
10
丙申，以西京留守兼侍中景延廣充北面行營副招討使。
On bingshen, Jing Yanguang—Western Capital garrison commander and Palace Attendant—was made deputy commander of the northern expedition.
11
殿中監王欽祚權知恆州事。 會乏軍儲，詔欽祚括糴民粟。 杜威有粟十餘萬斛在恆州，欽祚舉籍以聞。 威大怒，表稱：「臣有何罪，欽祚籍沒臣粟！」 朝廷為之召欽祚還，仍厚賜威以慰安之。
Wang Qinzuo, Director of the Palace Domestic Service, was appointed acting prefect of Hengzhou. When army provisions ran low, the court ordered Wang Qinzuo to seize and purchase grain from the populace. Du Wei had more than a hundred thousand hu of grain stored at Hengzhou, and Wang Qinzuo reported the figure from the tax rolls. Du Wei was furious and memorialized the throne: "What offense have I committed, that Wang Qinzuo should inventory and seize my grain! The court recalled Wang Qinzuo and lavished gifts on Du Wei to appease him.
12
戊申，置威信軍於曹州。
On wushen, the court established the Weixin military district at Caozhou.
13
遣侍衛馬步都指揮使李守貞戍澶州。
Li Shouzhen, commander of the Palace Guards horse and foot, was dispatched to garrison Chanzhou.
14
乙卯，遣彰德節度使張彥澤戍恆州。
On yimao, Zhang Yanzhe, military governor of Zhangde, was posted to garrison Hengzhou.
15
漢主殺劉思潮、林少強、林少良、何昌延。 以左僕射王翷嘗與高祖謀立弘昌，出為英州刺史，未至，賜死。 內外皆懼不自保。
The Southern Han ruler executed Liu Sixu, Lin Shaoqiang, Lin Shaoliang, and He Changyan. Because Left Censor-in-Chief Wang Hong had once joined Gaozu in a plot to enthrone Liu Hongchang, he was demoted to inspector of Yingzhou but was ordered to commit suicide before he could take up the post. At court and beyond, everyone feared for his life.
16
冬，十月，癸巳，置鎮安軍於陳州。
In winter, the tenth month, on guisi, the court established the Zhen'an military district at Chenzhou.
17
唐元敬宋太后殂。
Empress Dowager Song of Tang, honored as Yuanyijing after death, died.
18
王延政至金陵，唐主以為羽林大將軍。 斬楊思恭以謝建人。 以百勝節度使王崇文為永安節度使。 崇文治以寬簡，建人遂安。
Wang Yanzheng was brought to Jinling, where the Tang emperor appointed him General of the Imperial Guard. Yang Sigong was executed to satisfy the people of Jianzhou. Wang Chongwen, military governor of Baisheng, was appointed military governor of Yong'an. Wang Chongwen ruled with a light hand, and the people of Jianzhou gradually settled down.
19
初，高麗王建用兵吞滅鄰國，頗強大，因胡僧襪囉言於高祖曰：「勃海，我婚姻也，其王為契丹所虜，請與朝廷共擊取之。」 高祖不報。 及帝與契丹為仇，襪囉復言之。 帝欲使高麗擾契丹東邊以分其兵勢。 會建卒，子武自稱權知國事，上表告喪。 十一月，戊戌，以武為大義軍使、高麗王，遣通事舍人郭仁遇使其國，諭指使擊契丹。 仁遇至其國，見其兵極弱，曏者襪囉之言，特建為夸誕耳，實不敢與契丹為敵。 仁遇還，武更以它故為解。
Earlier, King Wang Geon of Goryeo had conquered neighboring states by force and grown formidable. The foreign monk Maro told Gaozu on his behalf: "Parhae is our ally by marriage; its king was taken captive by the Khitan. We ask that your court join us in recovering him." Gaozu did not respond. After the emperor fell out with the Khitan, Maro raised the proposal again. The emperor hoped Goryeo would strike the Khitan eastern frontier and draw off their forces. Wang Geon died about then; his son Wu declared himself acting head of state and sent a memorial announcing his father's death. In the eleventh month, on wuxu, Wu was appointed commissioner of the Dayi Army and King of Goryeo, and Guo Renyu, Master of Ceremonies, was dispatched to urge him to attack the Khitan. When Guo Renyu reached Goryeo, he found its army pitifully weak; Maro's earlier claims had been Wang Geon's empty boasting, and the Koreans in truth dared not fight the Khitan. After Guo Renyu returned, Wu pleaded other reasons for inaction.
20
乙卯，吳越王弘佐誅內都監使杜昭達，己未，誅內牙上統軍使明州刺史闞璠。 昭達，建徽之孫也，與璠皆好貨。 錢塘富人程昭悅以貨結二人，得侍弘佐左右。 昭悅為人狡佞，王悅之，寵待逾於舊將，璠不能平。 昭悅知之，詣璠頓首謝罪，璠責讓久之，乃曰：「吾始者決欲殺汝，今既悔過，吾亦釋然。」 昭悅懼，謀去璠。 璠專而愎，國人惡之者眾，王亦惡之。 昭悅欲出璠於外，恐璠覺之，私謂右統軍使胡進思曰：「今欲除公及璠各為本州，使璠不疑，可乎？」 進思許之，乃以璠為明州刺史，進思為湖州刺史。 璠怒曰：「出我於外，是棄我也。」 進思曰：「老兵得大州，幸矣，不行何為！」 璠乃受命。 既而復以他故留進思。
On yimao, King Hongzuo of Wuyue executed Inner Palace Commissioner Du Zhaoda; on jiwei, he executed Inner Guards supreme commander and prefect of Mingzhou, Kan Fan. Du Zhaoda was a grandson of Du Jianhui; both he and Kan Fan were notoriously greedy. The wealthy Qiantang merchant Cheng Zhaoyue bribed both men and won a place at King Hongzuo's side. Cheng Zhaoyue was cunning and obsequious; the king favored him above veteran commanders, and Kan Fan seethed with resentment. Cheng Zhaoyue learned of Fan's anger, went to him, and kowtowed in apology. Kan Fan berated him at length, then said: "I had meant to kill you outright; since you have repented, I will let the matter drop." Cheng Zhaoyue remained afraid and plotted to destroy Kan Fan. Kan Fan was overbearing and stubborn; he was widely hated, and the king had come to dislike him too. Cheng Zhaoyue wanted Kan Fan posted away but feared he would catch on; he privately asked Right Commander Hu Jinsi: "Suppose we appoint you and Fan each to govern his home prefecture—would Fan suspect a plot?" Hu Jinsi agreed, and Fan was appointed prefect of Mingzhou while Jinsi was named prefect of Huzhou. Kan Fan raged: "Posting me to the provinces is casting me aside. Hu Jinsi replied: "An old soldier who wins a major prefecture should count himself lucky—why refuse to go?" Kan Fan finally accepted the order. Soon afterward Hu Jinsi was kept at court on another excuse.
21
內外馬步都統軍使錢仁俊母，杜昭達之姑也。 昭悅因譖璠、昭達謀奉仁俊作亂，下獄鍛煉成之。 璠、昭達既誅，奪仁俊官，幽於東府。 於是昭悅治闞、杜之黨，凡權位與己侔，意所忌者，誅放百餘人，國人畏之側目。 胡進思重厚寡言，昭悅以為戇，故獨存之。 昭悅收仁俊故吏慎溫其，使證仁俊之罪，拷掠備至。 溫其堅守不屈。 弘佐嘉之，擢為國官。 溫其，衢州人也。
The mother of Qian Renjun, supreme commander of all horse and foot forces, was Du Zhaoda's aunt. Cheng Zhaoyue accused Fan and Zhaoda of plotting to put Qian Renjun on the throne; they were jailed and tortured until they confessed. After Fan and Zhaoda were executed, Qian Renjun was stripped of rank and imprisoned in the Eastern Palace. Cheng Zhaoyue then purged the factions of Kan and Du, executing or exiling more than a hundred rivals of equal rank whom he envied, until the people feared even to look at him directly. Hu Jinsi was stolid and taciturn; Cheng Zhaoyue mistook him for a simpleton and left him alone. Cheng Zhaoyue arrested Qian Renjun's former clerk Shen Wenqi and tortured him mercilessly to incriminate his master. Shen Wenqi held firm and refused to yield. Hongzuo admired his loyalty and promoted him to a court post. Shen Wenqi was from Quzhou.
22
十二月，乙丑，加吳越王弘佐東南面兵馬都元帥。
In the twelfth month, on yichou, King Hongzuo of Wuyue was promoted to supreme commander of southeastern forces.
23
辛未，以前中書舍人廣晉殷鵬為給事中、樞密直學士。 鵬，馮玉之黨也； 朝廷每有遷除，玉皆與鵬議之。 由是請謁賂遺，充滿其門。
On xinwei, Yin Peng of Guangjin, formerly a Secretariat drafter, was appointed Supervising Censor and direct academician of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Yin Peng was a follower of Feng Yu; and whenever the court made an appointment or removal, Feng Yu consulted Yin Peng first. Petitioners and bribes soon crowded both men's gates.
24
初，帝疾未平，會正旦，樞密使、中書令桑維翰遣女僕入宮起居太后，因問：「皇弟睿近讀書否？」 帝聞之，以告馮玉，玉因譖維翰有廢立之志。 帝疑之。 李守貞素惡維翰，馮玉、李彥韜與守貞合謀排之，以中書令行開封尹趙瑩柔而易制，共薦以代維翰。 丁亥，罷維翰政事，為開封尹。 以瑩為中書令，李崧為樞密使、守侍中。 維翰遂稱足疾，希復朝謁，杜絕賓客。 或謂馮玉曰：「桑公元老，今既解其樞務，縱不留之相位，猶當優以大籓，奈何使之尹京，親猥細之務乎？」 玉曰：「恐其反耳。」 曰：「儒生安能反？」 玉曰：「縱不自反，恐其教人耳。」
Earlier, while the emperor was still ill, Sang Weihan—Bureau of Military Affairs commissioner and Palace Director—sent a maidservant to the palace on New Year's Day to greet the Empress Dowager and casually asked whether Imperial Younger Brother Rui had been keeping up with his studies. When the emperor heard of this, he told Feng Yu, who accused Sang Weihan of plotting to change the succession. The emperor began to suspect him. Li Shouzhen had long despised Sang Weihan; he joined Feng Yu and Li Yantao in a plot to oust him, arguing that Zhao Ying—Palace Director acting as Kaifeng prefect—was pliable, and together they urged the emperor to replace Sang Weihan with Zhao Ying. On dinghai, Sang Weihan was dismissed from the chief ministry and appointed prefect of Kaifeng. Zhao Ying became Palace Director, and Li Song Bureau of Military Affairs commissioner and acting Palace Attendant. Sang Weihan pleaded a foot ailment, seldom appeared at court, and refused all visitors. Someone asked Feng Yu: "Sang Weihan is a veteran minister. Even if you will not keep him in the chief ministry, you ought at least to reward him with a great military governorship. Why appoint him prefect of Kaifeng and make him handle trifling local business?" Feng Yu replied: "I fear he might rebel." The man objected: "What could a scholar-official do to rebel? Feng Yu said: "Even if he does not rebel himself, he might incite others to."
25
楚湘陰處士戴偃，為詩多譏刺，楚王希範囚之。 天策副都軍使丁思瑾上書切諫，希範削其官爵。
Dai Yan, a recluse of Xiangyin in Chu, wrote satirical verse; King Xifan of Chu had him imprisoned. Ding Sijin, deputy chief commissioner of the Heaven's Strategy Army, submitted a forceful memorial of remonstrance; Xifan thereupon stripped him of his posts and titles.
26
唐齊王景達府屬謝仲宣言於景達曰：「宋齊丘，先帝布衣之交，今棄之草萊，不厭眾心。」 景達為之言於唐主曰：「齊丘宿望，勿用可也，何必棄之以為名！」 唐主乃使景達自至青陽召之。
Xie Zhong, an officer on the staff of Tang's Prince of Qi, Jingda, spoke plainly to him: "Song Qiqiu was the late emperor's friend from common days. To abandon him now to obscurity will not satisfy the court." Jingda repeated the point to the Tang ruler: "Qiqiu is a man of established standing. You need not use him, but why discard him merely to make a show of principle?" The Tang ruler then sent Jingda himself to Qingyang to summon Qiqiu back.
27
齊王下開運三年（ 丙午，公元九四六年）
Under the Prince of Qi — third year of Kaiyun ( bingwu, A.D. 946)
28
春，正月，以齊丘為太傅兼中書令，但奉朝請，不預政事。 以昭武節度使李建勳為右僕射兼門下侍郎，與中書侍郎馮延己皆同平章事。 建勳練習吏事，而懦怯少斷。 延己工文辭，而狡佞，喜大言，多樹朋黨。 水部郎中高越，上書指延己兄弟過惡，唐主怒，貶越蘄州司士。 初，唐主置宣政院於禁中，以翰林學士、給事中常夢錫領之，專典機密，與中書侍郎嚴續皆忠直無私。 唐主謂夢錫曰：「大臣惟嚴續中立，然無才，恐不勝其黨，卿宜左右之。」 未幾，夢錫罷宣政院，續亦出為池州觀察使。 夢錫於是移疾縱酒，不復預朝廷事。 續，可求之子也。
In spring, the first month, Qiqiu was appointed Grand Tutor and concurrent Director of the Secretariat, with permission to attend court but no role in governance. Li Jianxun, commissioner of Zhaowu, was named Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and concurrent Vice Director of the Chancellery; he and Feng Yanji, Vice Director of the Secretariat, were both made Grand Councillors. Jianxun was well versed in bureaucratic business, but timid and hesitant in judgment. Yanji excelled at polished prose, but was crafty and fawning, loved grand pronouncements, and cultivated a wide circle of partisans. Gao Yue of the Ministry of Works memorialized the court, denouncing the crimes of Yanji and his brothers. The Tang ruler was enraged and demoted him to assistant magistrate of Qizhou. Earlier the Tang ruler had set up the Xuanzheng Court inside the palace, placing Hanlin Academician and Editorial Assistant Chang Mengxi at its head to manage secret affairs. Mengxi and Yan Xu, Vice Director of the Secretariat, were both loyal, upright men without private designs. The Tang ruler told Mengxi, "Of all my ministers, only Yan Xu stands apart from faction, but he lacks force of talent. I fear he cannot withstand their party. You must stand at his side and strengthen him." Before long Mengxi was dismissed from the Xuanzheng Court, and Xu was sent out to serve as governor of Chizhou. Mengxi thereupon pleaded illness, drowned himself in wine, and withdrew from court affairs altogether. Xu was the son of Keqiu.
29
二月，壬戌朔，日有食之。
In the second month, on the new moon of renxu, the sun was eclipsed.
30
晉昌節度使兼侍中趙在禮，更歷十鎮，所至貪暴，家貲為諸帥之最。 帝利其富，三月，庚申，為皇子鎮寧節度使延煦娶其女。 在禮自費緡錢十萬，縣官之費，數倍過之。 延煦及弟延寶，皆高祖諸孫，帝養以為子。
Zhao Zaili, commissioner of Jinchang and Palace Attendant, had passed through ten commands in turn. Everywhere he went he plundered and oppressed, until his household wealth surpassed that of every other military governor. The emperor, drawn by his wealth, arranged in the third month, on gengshen, for his daughter to marry Prince Yanxu, military commissioner of Zhenning. Zaili paid one hundred thousand strings of cash out of his own pocket, while the costs borne by the government were several times that amount. Yanshu and his younger brother Yanbao were both grandsons of Gaozu, whom the emperor had raised as his own sons.
31
唐泉州刺史王繼勳致書修好於威武節度使李弘義。 弘義以泉州故隸威武軍，怒其抗禮。 夏，四月，遣弟弘通將兵萬人伐之。
Wang Jixun, Tang prefect of Quanzhou, wrote to Li Hongyi, commissioner of Weiwu, proposing friendly relations. Hongyi resented the letter as an affront: Quanzhou had once belonged to his Weiwu command, and Jixun was treating him as an equal. In summer, the fourth month, he dispatched his brother Hongtong at the head of ten thousand men to attack Quanzhou.
32
初，朔方節度使馮暉在靈州，留党項酋長拓跋彥超於州下，故諸部不敢為寇，及將罷鎮而縱之。 前彰武節度使王令溫代暉鎮朔方，不存撫羌、胡，以中國法繩之。 羌、胡怨怒，皆叛，競為寇鈔。 拓跋彥超、石存、也廝褒三族，共攻靈州，殺令溫弟令周。 戊午，令溫上表告急。
Earlier, when Feng Hui held Shuofang from Lingzhou, he had kept the Tangut chieftain Tuoba Yanchao at the prefectural seat, and the tribes dared not raid. As he prepared to leave his post, he set Yanchao free. Wang Lingwen, the former governor of Zhangwu, succeeded Hui at Shuofang. Instead of conciliating the Qiang and Hu, he held them to the strict letter of Chinese law. The Qiang and Hu, furious at his treatment, rose in revolt and swept the frontier in competing raids. The clans of Tuoba Yanchao, Shi Cun, and Ye Sibao joined forces, stormed Lingzhou, and killed Lingwen's brother Lingzhou. On wuwu, Lingwen sent an urgent memorial to the throne.
33
泉州都都揮使留從效謂刺史王繼勳曰：「李弘通兵勢甚盛，士卒以使君賞罰不當，莫肯力戰，使君宜避位自省。」 乃廢繼勳歸私第，代領軍府事，勒兵擊李弘通，大破之。 表聞於唐，唐主以從效為泉州刺史，召繼勳還金陵，遣將將兵戍泉州。 徙漳州刺史王繼成為和州刺史，汀州刺史許文稹為蘄州刺史。
Liu Congxiao, chief commander of Quanzhou, told Prefect Wang Jixun, "Hongtong's army is overwhelming. The men will not fight wholeheartedly because your rewards and punishments are unjust. You should yield your post and search your own conduct." Congxiao then removed Jixun to his private residence, assumed control of the military administration himself, took the field against Li Hongtong, and won a crushing victory. He reported the matter to Tang. The Tang ruler made Congxiao prefect of Quanzhou, recalled Jixun to Jinling, and sent a general with troops to garrison the city. Wang Jicheng was moved from Zhangzhou to Hezhou, and Xu Wenzhen from Tingzhou to Qizhou.
34
定州西北二百里有狼山，土人築堡於山上以避胡寇。 堡中有佛捨，尼孫深意居之，以妖術惑眾，言事頗驗，遠近信奉之。 中山人孫方簡及弟行友，自言深意之侄，不飲酒食肉，事深意甚謹。 深意卒，方簡嗣行其術，稱深意坐化，嚴飾，事之如生，其徒日茲。 會晉與契丹絕好，北邊賦役煩重，寇盜充斥，民不安其業。 方簡、行友因帥鄉里豪健者，據寺為寨以自保。 契丹入寇，方簡帥眾邀擊，頗獲其甲兵、牛馬、軍資，人挈家往依之者益眾。 久之，至千餘家，遂為群盜。 懼為吏所討，乃歸款朝廷。 朝廷亦資其禦寇，署東北招收指揮使。
Two hundred li northwest of Dingzhou stood Wolf Mountain, where the local people had built a fort on the heights to shelter from barbarian raids. Inside the fort was a Buddhist chapel where the nun Sun Shenyi dwelt. By occult arts she swayed the people; her words about future events often came true, and believers gathered from far and near. Sun Fangjian of Zhongshan and his brother Xingyou, who called themselves Shenyi's nephews, abstained from wine and meat and served her with scrupulous devotion. When Shenyi died, Fangjian inherited her practices, proclaiming that she had achieved seated transformation. He adorned her corpse with solemn care and tended it as though she still lived, and her followers multiplied day by day. Just then Jin broke with the Khitan. Levies on the northern frontier grew crushing, bandits swarmed everywhere, and the people could no longer live in peace. Fangjian and Xingyou therefore rallied the stout men of the countryside, seized the temple for a fortress, and held it for their own protection. When the Khitan invaded, Fangjian led his men in ambush and captured large stores of armor, cattle, horses, and military goods. Families flocked to join them in ever greater numbers. In time they numbered more than a thousand households and became, in effect, a band of outlaws. Fearing punishment by the authorities, they submitted to the court and pledged their loyalty. The court, for its part, valued their strength against invaders and appointed Fangjian commander for the recruitment and pacification of the northeast.
35
方簡時入契丹境鈔掠，多所殺獲。 既而邀求不已，朝廷小不副其意，則舉寨降於契丹，請為鄉道以入寇。 時河北大饑，民餓死者所在以萬數，兗、鄆、滄、貝之間，盜賊峰起，吏不能禁。 天雄節度使杜威遣元隨軍將劉延翰市馬於邊，方簡執之，獻於契丹。 延翰逃歸，六月，壬戌，至大梁，言「方簡欲乘中國凶饑，引契丹入寇，宜為之備。」
Fangjian repeatedly crossed into Khitan lands to raid and plunder, killing and capturing many. Soon his demands knew no end. Whenever the court failed even slightly to satisfy him, he would surrender the whole stronghold to the Khitan and offer to guide their armies in. Hebei was then in the grip of famine. Everywhere the starved dead numbered in the tens of thousands. Between Yan, Yun, Cang, and Bei, bandits rose like peaks, and the authorities could not check them. Du Wei, commissioner of Tianxiong, sent his adjutant Liu Yanhan to purchase horses on the frontier. Fangjian seized him and delivered him to the Khitan. Yanhan escaped and returned. In the sixth month, on renxu, he reached Daliang and reported, "Fangjian means to take advantage of the realm's calamity and famine to bring the Khitan in upon us. We must prepare."
36
初，朔方節度使馮暉在靈武，得羌、胡心，市馬期年，至五千匹，朝廷忌之，徙鎮邠州及陝州，入為侍衛步軍都指揮使、領河陽節度使。 暉知朝廷之意，悔離靈武，乃厚事馮玉、李彥韜，求復鎮靈州。 朝廷亦以羌、胡方擾，丙寅，復以暉為朔方節度使，將關西兵擊羌、胡； 以威州刺史藥元福為行營馬步軍都指揮使。
Earlier, while Feng Hui held Shuofang at Lingwu, he had won the loyalty of the Qiang and Hu. Within a year he had bought five thousand horses. The court, wary of his power, moved him first to Bin and Shaan, then recalled him as chief of the palace foot corps and commissioner of Heyang. Hui understood the court's mind, regretted leaving Lingwu, and therefore cultivated Feng Yu and Li Yantao with rich gifts, seeking to be sent back to Lingzhou. The court, seeing the Qiang and Hu in fresh turmoil, on bingyin restored Hui to Shuofang and ordered him to lead Guanxi troops against them; Yao Yuanfu, prefect of Weizhou, was named chief commander of the campaign's horse and foot forces.
37
乙丑，定州言契丹勒兵壓境。 詔以天平節度使、侍衛馬步都指揮使李守貞為北面行營都部署，義成節度使皇甫遇副之； 彰德節度使張彥澤充馬軍都指揮使兼都虞候，義武節度使薊人李殷充步軍都指揮使兼都排陣使； 遣護聖指揮使臨清王彥超、太原白延遇以部兵十營詣邢州。 時馬軍都指揮使、鎮安節度使李彥韜方用事，視守貞蔑如也。 守貞在外所為，事無大小，彥韜必知之，守貞外雖敬奉而內恨之。
On yichou, Dingzhou reported that Khitan forces were massing on the frontier. The court appointed Li Shouzhen, governor of Tianping and commander of the palace horse and foot, overall commander of the northern field headquarters, with Huangfu Yu, governor of Yicheng, as his second. Zhang Yanze, governor of Zhangde, was named commander of the horse forces and chief adjutant; Li Yin of Ji, governor of Yiwu, commander of the foot forces and chief array master. Wang Yanchao of Linqing, a commander of the Imperial Guard, and Bai Yanyu of Taiyuan were sent with ten battalions to Xingzhou. Li Yantao, commander of the horse forces and governor of Zhen'an, then held real power at court and treated Shouzhen with open disdain. Nothing Shouzhen did in the field, however small, escaped Yantao's notice. Shouzhen outwardly deferred to him, but inwardly hated him.
38
初，唐人既克建州，欲乘勝取福州，唐主不許。 樞密使陳覺請自往說李弘義，必令入朝。 宋齊丘薦覺才辯，可不煩寸刃，坐致弘義。 唐主乃拜弘義母、妻皆為國夫人，四弟皆遷官，以覺為福州宣諭使，厚賜弘義金帛。 弘義知其謀，見覺，辭色甚倨，待之疏薄。 覺不敢言入朝事而還。
Earlier, after Tang forces had taken Jianzhou, they wanted to press on and seize Fuzhou, but the Tang ruler forbade it. Chen Jue, the military affairs commissioner, volunteered to go himself and persuade Li Hongyi to come to court. Song Qiqiu praised Jue's eloquence and promised that Hongyi could be won over without drawing a single sword. The Tang ruler ennobled Hongyi's mother and wife as ladies of the realm, promoted his four younger brothers, named Jue envoy to Fuzhou, and showered Hongyi with gold and silk. Hongyi saw through the ploy. When Jue arrived, he received him with haughty speech and chilly neglect. Jue never dared raise the matter of coming to court and withdrew empty-handed.
39
秋，七月，河決楊劉，西入莘縣，廣四十里，自朝城北流。
In autumn, the seventh month, the Yellow River broke at Yangliu, poured west into Shen County in a flood forty li wide, and ran north past Chaocheng.
40
有自幽州來者，言趙延壽有意歸國。 樞密使李崧、馮玉信之，命天雄節度使杜威致書於延壽，具述朝旨，啖以厚利，洛州軍將趙行實嘗事延壽，遣繼書潛往遺之。 延壽復書言：「久處異域，思歸中國。 乞發大軍應接，拔身南去。」 辭旨懇密。 朝廷欣然，復遣行實詣延壽，與為期約。
A traveler from Youzhou reported that Zhao Yanshou wished to defect to the court. The military commissioners Li Song and Feng Yu believed the report. They ordered Du Wei, governor of Tianxiong, to write to Yanshou, explain the court's wishes, and tempt him with rich rewards. Zhao Xingshi, a Luozhou officer who had once served under Yanshou, was sent after him with a secret letter. Yanshou wrote back: "I have lived too long in a foreign land and yearn to return to China. Send a great army to receive me, and I will break free and come south." The tone of the letter was earnest and confidential. The court rejoiced and again dispatched Xingshi to Yanshou to arrange a rendezvous.
41
八月，李守貞言：「與契丹千餘騎遇於長城北，轉斗四十里，斬其酋帥解裡，擁餘眾入水溺死者甚眾。」 丁卯，詔李守貞還屯澶州。
In the eighth month Li Shouzhen reported: "North of the Long Wall we met more than a thousand Khitan horsemen and fought them for forty li. We beheaded their chieftain Xieli, and many of the rest, driven into the water, drowned." On dingmao an edict recalled Li Shouzhen to encamp at Chunzhou.
42
帝既與契丹絕好，數召吐谷渾酋長白承福入朝，宴賜甚厚。 承福從帝與契丹戰澶州，又與張從恩戍滑州。 屬歲大熱，遣其部落還太原，畜牧於嵐、石之境。 部落多犯法，劉知遠無所縱捨。 部落知朝廷微弱，且畏知遠之嚴，謀相與遁歸故地。 有白可久者，位亞承福，帥所部先亡歸契丹，契丹用為雲州觀察使，以誘承福。
After breaking with the Khitan, the emperor repeatedly summoned the Tuyuhun chieftain Bai Chengfu to court and honored him with lavish feasts and gifts. Chengfu had fought the Khitan with the emperor at Chunzhou and later garrisoned Huazhou with Zhang Cong'en. In the great heat of that summer he sent his people back toward Taiyuan to graze their herds in Lan and Shi. Many tribesmen broke the law, and Liu Zhiyuan refused to let a single offense pass. Seeing how weak the court had become and fearing Zhiyuan's harsh rule, the tribes plotted to slip away together to their old homelands. Bai Kejiu, second only to Chengfu in rank, led his people in flight to the Khitan first. They made him governor of Yunzhou to entice Chengfu after him.
43
知遠與郭威謀曰：「今天下多事，置此屬於太原，乃腹心之疾也，不如去之。」 承福家甚富，飼馬用銀槽。 威勸知遠誅之，收其貨以贍軍。 知遠密表：「吐谷渾反覆難保，請遷於內地。」 帝遣使發其部落千九百人，分置河陽及諸州。 知遠遣威誘承福等入居太原城中，因誣承福等五族謀叛，以兵圍而殺之，合四百口，籍沒其家貲。 詔褒賞之，吐谷渾由是遂微。
Zhiyuan consulted Guo Wei and said, "In these troubled times, keeping such people at Taiyuan is a disease in the heart of the realm. Better to remove them." Chengfu's household was enormously wealthy—he even fed his horses from silver mangers. Wei urged Zhiyuan to kill him and confiscate his wealth to support the army. Zhiyuan sent a secret memorial: "The Tuyuhun are treacherous and unreliable. Move them into the interior." The emperor sent officials to resettle nineteen hundred tribesmen, scattering them through Heyang and other prefectures. Zhiyuan had Wei lure Chengfu and his people into Taiyuan, then accuse the five clans of treason, surround them with troops, and slaughter them—four hundred souls in all—before seizing their property. An edict commended and rewarded the deed. From that day the Tuyuhun dwindled away.
44
濮州刺史慕容彥超坐違法科斂，擅取官麥五百斛造麴，賦與部民。 李彥韜素與彥超有隙，發其事，罪應死。 彥韜趣馮玉使殺之，劉知遠上表論救。 李崧曰：「如彥超之罪，今天下籓侯皆有之。 若盡其法，恐人人不自安。」 甲戌，敕免彥超死，削官爵，流房州。
Murong Yanchao, prefect of Puzhou, was accused of unlawful levies after he seized five hundred hu of government grain, brewed it into mash, and assessed the cost upon his people. Li Yantao, who had long hated Yanchao, exposed the case, and the offense called for death. Yantao pressed Feng Yu to execute him, while Liu Zhiyuan memorialized the throne in his defense. Li Song said, "Offenses like Yanchao's are committed by every governor in the realm. Apply the law to the letter, and no one will feel safe." On jiaxu an edict spared Yanchao's life, stripped his titles, and exiled him to Fangzhou.
45
唐陳覺自福州還，至劍州，恥無功，矯詔使侍衛官顧忠召弘義入朝，自稱權福州軍府事，擅發汀、建、撫、信州兵及戍卒，命建州監軍使馮延魯將之，趣福州迎弘義。 延魯先遺弘義書，諭以禍福。 弘義復書請戰，遣樓船指揮使楊崇保將州師拒之。 覺以劍州刺史陳誨為緣江戰棹指揮使，表：「福州孤危，旦夕可克。」 唐主以覺專命，甚怒，群臣多言：「兵已傅城下，不可中止，當發兵助之。」 丁丑，覺、延魯敗楊崇保於候官，戊寅，乘勝進攻福州西關。 弘義出擊，大破之，執唐左神威指揮使楊匡鄴。 唐主以永安節度使王崇文為東南面都招討使，以漳泉安撫使、諫議大夫魏岑為東面監軍使，延魯為南面監軍使，會兵攻福州，克其外郭。 弘義固守第二城。
Chen Jue of Tang, returning from Fuzhou as far as Jianzhou, shamed by his failure, forged an edict dispatching Palace Guard officer Gu Zhong to summon Hongyi to court. He styled himself acting administrator of Fuzhou, seized troops and garrisons from Ting, Jian, Fu, and Xin on his own authority, and ordered Feng Yanlu, Jianzhou's military supervisor, to march them swiftly on Fuzhou to receive Hongyi. Yanlu first wrote to Hongyi, warning him of the consequences that awaited. Hongyi answered with a challenge to battle and sent Yang Chongbao, commander of the tower ships, at the head of the prefectural army to meet them. Jue named Chen Hui, prefect of Jianzhou, commander of the river war boats, and reported, "Fuzhou is isolated and doomed—it can fall within days." The Tang ruler was furious at Jue's usurpation of authority, but many ministers argued, "The army is already beneath the walls. The attack cannot be stopped now—we must send help." On dingchou, Jue and Yanlu defeated Yang Chongbao at Houguan. On wuyin they pressed their advantage and assaulted the western gate of Fuzhou. Hongyi sallied out, routed them utterly, and captured Yang Kuangye, commander of Tang's Left Divine Might Guard. The Tang emperor made Wang Chongwen grand commander for the southeast, named Wei Cen eastern army supervisor and Yan Lu southern army supervisor, and their combined forces took Fuzhou's outer city. Hongyi held fast in the inner citadel.
46
馮暉引兵過旱海，至輝德，糗糧已盡。 拓跋彥超眾數萬，為三陳，扼要路，據水泉以待之。 軍中大懼。 暉以賂求和於彥超，彥超許之。 自旦至日中，使者往返數四，兵未解。 藥元福曰：「虜知我飢渴，陽許和以困我耳； 若至暮，則吾輩成擒矣。 今虜雖眾，精兵不多，依西山而陳者是也。 其餘步卒，不足為患。 請公嚴陣以待我，我以精騎先犯西山兵，小勝則舉黃旗，大軍合勢擊之，破之必矣。」 乃帥騎先進，用短兵力戰。 彥超小卻，元福舉黃旗，暉引兵赴之，彥超大敗。 明日，暉入靈州。
Feng Hui marched across the Dry Sea; by the time he reached Huidé his provisions were gone. Tuoba Yanchao mustered tens of thousands, drew up three lines, blocked the key route, and seized the watering places to wait. Panic spread through the ranks. Feng Hui tried to buy peace with gifts; Yanchao accepted. Envoys shuttled from dawn to noon, but the armies still did not stand down. Yao Yuanfu said, "The enemy knows we are starving and parched. They only pretend to accept peace to wear us down; if we wait until dusk, we will all be taken prisoner. Their force is large, but their elite are few—the men on the western hills are the ones to fear. The rest are ordinary infantry and need not trouble us. Hold the line and wait. I will lead our best horsemen against the western hills; if we gain even a small advantage I will raise the yellow flag, and the main force can join—we are sure to break them." He led the cavalry forward and fought hand to hand at close range. Yanchao gave ground; Yuanfu raised the yellow flag; Feng Hui brought up the main force, and Yanchao was routed. The next day Feng Hui entered Lingzhou.
47
九月，契丹三萬寇河東。 壬辰，劉知遠敗之於楊武谷，斬首七千級。
In the ninth month thirty thousand Khitans invaded Hedong. On renchen Liu Zhiyuan defeated them at Yangwu Valley and took seven thousand heads.
48
漢劉思潮等既死，陳道庠內不自安。 特進鄧伸遺之《漢紀》，道庠問其故，伸曰：「憨獠，此書有誅韓信、醢彭越事，宜審讀之！」 漢主聞之，族道庠及伸。
After Liu Sichao and his associates were executed, Chen Daoxiang grew uneasy at heart. Deng Shen sent him a copy of the Han Annals. When Daoxiang asked why, Deng Shen said, "You fool—this book tells how Han Xin was executed and Peng Yue was minced. You should read it closely!" The Southern Han ruler had Chen Daoxiang and Deng Shen executed and wiped out their clans.
49
李弘義自稱威武留後，權知閩國事，更名弘達，奉表請命於晉。 甲午，以弘義為威武節度使、同平章事，知閩國事。
Li Hongyi declared himself acting military commissioner of Weiwu and provisional governor of Min, changed his name to Hongda, and asked Jin for confirmation. On jiawu he was appointed military commissioner of Weiwu, co-grand councillor, and governor of Min affairs.
50
張彥澤奏敗契丹於定州北，又敗之於泰州，斬首二千級。
Zhang Yanze reported victories over the Khitan north of Dingzhou and again at Taizhou, with two thousand heads taken.
51
辛丑，福州排陳使馬捷引唐兵自馬牧山拔寨而入，至善化門橋，都指揮使丁彥貞以兵百人拒之。 弘達退保善化門，外城再重皆為唐兵所據。 弘達更名達，遣使奉表稱臣，乞師於吳越。
On xinchou Ma Jie led Tang troops from Mumu Mountain in a storm of the camp to Shanhua Gate Bridge, where Ding Yanzhen blocked them with a hundred men. Hongda fell back to Shanhua Gate while the Tang army occupied both rings of the outer city. He shortened his name to Da, submitted as a vassal, and asked Wuyue for military aid.
52
楚王希範知帝好奢靡，屢以珍玩為獻，求都元帥。 甲辰，以希範為諸道兵馬都元帥。
King Xi Fan of Chu, knowing the emperor's taste for extravagance, sent rare treasures repeatedly and asked to be made commander-in-chief. On jiachen Xi Fan was appointed commander-in-chief of all circuit forces.
53
丙辰，河決澶州臨黃。
On bingchen the Yellow River broke through at Linhuang in Cao Prefecture.
54
契丹使瀛州刺史劉延祚遺樂壽監軍王巒書，請舉城內附。 且云：「城中契丹兵不滿千人，乞朝廷發輕兵襲之，己為內應。 又，今秋多雨，自瓦橋已北，積水無際，契丹主已歸牙帳，雖聞關南有變，地遠阻水，不能救也。」 巒與天雄節度使兼中書令杜威屢奏瀛、莫乘此可取，深州刺史慕容遷獻《瀛莫圖》。 馮玉、李崧信以為然，欲發大兵迎趙延壽及延祚。
The Khitans had Liu Yanzuo, governor of Yingzhou, write to Wang Luan at Leshou offering to surrender the city. He added, "There are fewer than a thousand Khitan troops in the city. Send a light force to strike them—I will act as your ally within the walls. Moreover, rains have been heavy this autumn. From Waqiao northward the land is flooded. The Khitan ruler has returned to his tent. Even if he hears of trouble south of the passes, distance and water will keep him from aiding the city." Wang Luan and Du Wei repeatedly urged that Ying and Mo could be seized now; Murong Qian of Shenzhou submitted a map of the two prefectures. Feng Yu and Li Song were persuaded and wanted to send a major army to link up with Zhao Yanshou and Liu Yanzuo.
55
先是，侍衛馬步都指揮使、天平節度使李守貞數將兵過廣晉，杜威厚待之，贈金帛甲兵，動以萬計。 守貞由是與威親善。 守貞入朝，帝勞之曰：「聞卿為將，常費私財以賞戰士。」 對曰：「此皆杜威盡忠於國，以金帛資臣，臣安敢掠有其美！」 因言：「陛下若他日用兵，臣願與威戮力以清沙漠。」 帝由是亦賢之。 及將北征，帝與馮玉、李崧議，以威為元帥，守貞副之。 趙瑩私謂馮、李曰：「杜令國戚，貴為將相，而所欲未厭，心常慊慊，豈可復假以兵權！ 必若有事北方，不若止任守貞為愈也。」 不從。 冬，十月，辛未，以威為北面行營都招討使，以守貞為兵馬都監，泰寧節度使安審琦為左右廂都指揮使，武寧節度使符彥卿為馬軍左廂都指揮使，義成節度使皇甫遇為馬軍右廂都指揮使，永清節度使梁漢璋為馬軍都排陳使，前威勝節度使宋彥筠為步軍左廂都指揮使，奉國左廂都指揮使王饒為步軍右廂都指揮使，洺州團練使薛懷讓為先鋒都指揮使。 仍下敕榜曰：「專發大軍，往平黠虜。 先取瀛、莫，安定關南； 次復幽燕，蕩平塞北。」 又曰：「有能擒獲虜主者，除上鎮節度使，賞錢萬緡，絹萬匹，銀萬兩。」 時自六月積雨，至是未止，軍行及饋運者甚艱苦。
Whenever Li Shouzhen marched through Guangjin, Du Wei had showered him with gold, silk, and weapons—often by the tens of thousands. From this Li Shouzhen and Du Wei grew close. When Li Shouzhen came to court, the emperor praised him: "I hear you often spend your own fortune to reward your soldiers." He replied, "That is only because Du Wei has served the state with all his heart, supplying me with gold and silk. How could I dare take the credit!" He went on, "If Your Majesty ever sends troops north again, I am ready to fight alongside Du Wei until the frontier is cleared." The emperor was all the more impressed with him. When the northern campaign was planned, the emperor made Du Wei supreme commander with Li Shouzhen as deputy. Zhao Ying privately told Feng Yu and Li Song, "Du Wei is an imperial in-law already a general and minister, yet his ambitions are never satisfied. How can we entrust him with command again! If we must act in the north, we would do better to put Li Shouzhen alone in charge." They did not listen. In the tenth month of winter, on xinwei, Du Wei was made grand commander of the northern expedition; Li Shouzhen chief supervisor of armies and cavalry; and a full roster of wing and vanguard commanders was appointed under them. A proclamation was issued: "A great army is sent forth to subdue the cunning barbarians. First seize Ying and Mo and secure the lands south of the passes; then recover You and Yan and sweep the northern frontier clean." It also promised that whoever captured the Khitan ruler would receive a first-rank military governorship and rewards of ten thousand strings of cash, ten thousand bolts of silk, and ten thousand taels of silver." Rain had fallen without letup since the sixth month, and the march and supply trains had become miserably hard.
56
唐漳州將林贊堯作亂，殺監軍使周承義。 劍州刺史陳誨、泉州刺史留從效舉兵逐贊堯，以泉州裨將董思安權知漳州。 唐主以思安為漳州刺史，思安辭以父名章。 唐主改漳州為南州，命思安及留從效將州兵會攻福州。 庚辰，圍之。 福州使者至錢塘，吳越王弘佐召諸將謀之，皆曰：「道險遠，難救。」 惟內都監使臨安水丘昭券以為當救。 弘佐曰：「脣亡齒寒，吾為天下元帥，曾不能救鄰道，將安用之！ 諸君但樂飽食安坐邪！」 壬午，遣統軍使張筠、趙承泰將兵三萬，水陸救福州。
Lin Zanyao, a Tang general in Zhangzhou, rebelled and killed army supervisor Zhou Chengyi. Chen Hui of Jianzhou and Liu Congxiao of Quanzhou drove out Zanyao and put Dong Si'an of Quan in provisional charge of Zhangzhou. The Tang emperor wished to appoint Dong Si'an prefect of Zhangzhou, but he declined because his father's given name was Zhang. The Tang emperor renamed Zhangzhou Nanzhou and ordered Dong Si'an and Liu Congxiao to lead their troops against Fuzhou. On gengchen they laid siege to the city. When Fuzhou's envoy reached Qiantang, King Hongzuo summoned his generals. All said, "The route is long and dangerous—it would be hard to save them." Only Shuiqiu Zhaoquan, inner palace supervisor of Lin'an, argued they should go to Fuzhou's aid. Hongzuo said, "When the lips are gone, the teeth grow cold. I am commander-in-chief of the empire—if I cannot rescue a neighbor, what good am I! Are you content merely to eat your fill and sit idle?" On renwu he sent Zhang Yun and Zhao Chengtai with thirty thousand men by land and sea to relieve Fuzhou.
57
先是募兵，久無應者，弘佐命糾之，曰：「糾而為兵者，糧賜減半。」 明日，應募者雲集。 弘佐命昭券專掌用兵，昭券憚程昭悅，以用兵事讓之。 弘佐命昭悅掌應援饋運事，而以軍謀委元德昭。 德昭，危仔倡之子也。 弘佐議鑄鐵錢以益將士祿賜，其弟牙內都虞候弘億諫曰：「鑄鐵錢有八害：新錢既行，舊錢皆流入鄰國，一也； 可用於吾國而不可用於它國，則商賈不行，百貨不通，二也； 銅禁至嚴，民猶盜鑄，況家有鐺釜，野有鏵犁，犯法必多，三也； 閩人鑄鐵錢而亂亡，不足為法，四也； 國用幸豐而自示空乏，五也； 祿賜有常而無故益之，以啟無厭之心，六也； 法變而敝，不可遽復，七也； 『錢』者國姓，易之不祥，八也。」 弘佐乃止。 杜威、李守貞會兵於廣晉而北行。 威屢使公主入奏，請益兵，曰：「今深入虜境，必資眾力。」 由是禁軍皆在其麾下，而宿衛空虛。
When recruits failed to come forward, Hongzuo ordered a roundup: "Anyone pressed into service shall receive only half the usual rations and pay." The next day volunteers flocked to the colors. Hongzuo put Zhaoquan in sole charge of operations, but Zhaoquan, wary of Cheng Zhaoyue, yielded command to him. Hongzuo put Cheng Zhaoyue in charge of relief and supply and entrusted planning to Yuan Dezhao. Dezhao was the son of Wei Zichang. Hongzuo proposed casting iron coins to increase soldiers' pay; his brother Hongyi objected: "Iron coinage has eight evils: once the new coins circulate, the old coins will drain into neighboring states—that is the first; if they work in our realm but not in others, trade will stall and goods will not flow—that is the second; copper coinage is strictly forbidden yet people still counterfeit; every household has pots and every field has plows—crime will multiply—that is the third; Min cast iron coins and fell into chaos—not a model to follow—that is the fourth; the treasury is full yet we advertise want—that is the fifth; pay has fixed norms; to raise it without cause breeds greed—that is the sixth; once a policy is changed and spoiled, it cannot quickly be restored—that is the seventh; Qian' is our dynastic name; to change the currency is ill-omened—that is the eighth." Hongzuo abandoned the plan. Du Wei and Li Shouzhen assembled at Guangjin and marched north. Du Wei repeatedly had the princess petition the throne for more troops, saying, "We are deep in enemy country and need every man we can get." Thus the palace guards all fell under his command, and the capital was left undefended.
58
十一月，丁酉，以李守貞權知幽州行府事。
In the eleventh month, on dingyou, Li Shouzhen was appointed acting administrator of the Yongzhou field headquarters.
59
己亥，杜威等至瀛州，城門洞啟，寂若無人，威等不敢進。 聞契丹將高謨翰先已引兵潛出，威遣梁漢璋將二千騎追之，遇契丹於南陽務，敗死。 威等聞之，引兵而南。 時束城等數縣請降，威等焚其廬舍，掠其婦女而還。
On jihai Du Wei reached Yingzhou to find the gates wide open and the streets eerily silent; he dared not enter. Learning that the Khitan general Gao Mohan had already slipped away, Du Wei sent Liang Hanzhang with two thousand cavalry in pursuit; they were ambushed at Nanyangwu and wiped out. Du Wei then turned his army south. Several counties including Shucheng had offered to surrender; Du Wei's men burned their homes, seized their women, and marched away.
60
己酉，吳越兵至福州，自罾浦南潛入州城。 唐兵進據東武門，李達與吳越兵共禦之，不利。 自是內外斷絕，城中益危。
On jiyou Wuyue forces reached Fuzhou and slipped into the city from the south of Zengpu. Tang troops seized Dongwu Gate; Li Da and the Wuyue army fought them together but could not gain the advantage. Inside and outside were now cut off from each other, and the city grew desperate.
61
唐主遣信州刺史王建封助攻福州。 時王崇文雖為元帥，而陳覺、馮延魯、魏岑爭用事，留從效、王建封倔強不用命，各爭功，進退不相應。 由是將士皆解體，故攻城不克。 唐主以江州觀察使杜昌業為吏部尚書，判省事。 先是昌業自兵部尚書判省事，出江州，及還，閱簿籍，撫案歎曰：「未數年，而府庫所耗者半，其能久乎！」
The Tang emperor sent Wang Jianfeng, prefect of Xinzhou, to reinforce the siege of Fuzhou. Though Wang Chongwen was nominal commander, Chen Jue, Feng Yanlu, and Wei Cen fought for control; Liu Congxiao and Wang Jianfeng defied orders and each sought glory, so the armies could not coordinate. The troops lost heart, and the city could not be taken. The Tang emperor appointed Du Changye of Jiangzhou Minister of Personnel with charge of Secretariat affairs. Earlier Du Changye had left the Secretariat for Jiangzhou; on his return he reviewed the accounts, sighed over the ledgers, and said, "In only a few years half the treasury is gone—how can this last!"
62
契丹主大舉入寇，自易、定趣恆州。 杜威等至武強，聞之，將自冀、貝而南。 彰德節度使張彥澤時在恆州，引兵會之，言契丹可破之狀。 威等乃復趣恆州，以彥澤為前鋒。 甲寅，威等至中度橋，契丹已據橋。 彥澤帥騎爭之，契丹焚橋而退。 晉兵與契丹夾滹沱而軍。 始，契丹見晉軍大至，又爭橋不勝，恐晉軍急渡滹沱，與恆州合勢擊之，議引兵還。 及聞晉軍築壘為持久之計，遂不去。
The Khitan emperor launched a major invasion, marching from Yi and Ding toward Hengzhou. Du Wei reached Wuqiang; on hearing the news he prepared to retreat south through Ji and Bei. Zhang Yanze of Zhangde was at Hengzhou; he joined Du Wei and argued that the Khitan could be defeated. Du Wei turned back toward Hengzhou with Zhang Yanze as vanguard. On jiayin they reached Zhongdu Bridge, which the Khitan already held. Zhang Yanze led a cavalry charge to seize it; the Khitan burned the bridge and fell back. Jin and Khitan armies camped on opposite banks of the Hutuo River. At first the Khitan, seeing the Jin host arrive and failing to hold the bridge, feared a crossing that would unite with Hengzhou's garrison, and considered retreat. When they learned the Jin were entrenching for a long siege, they stayed.
63
蜀施州刺史田行皋叛，遣供奉官耿彥珣將兵討之。
Tian Xinggao, prefect of Shizhou in Shu, rose in rebellion; the court sent the palace attendant Geng Yanxun at the head of an army to put him down.
64
杜威雖以貴戚為上將，性懦怯。 偏裨皆節度使，但日相承迎，置酒作樂，罕議軍事。 磁州刺史兼北面轉運使李穀說威及李守貞曰：「今大軍去恆州咫尺，煙火相望。 若多以三股木置水中，積薪布土其上，橋可立成。 密約城中舉火相應，夜募壯士斫虜營而入，表裡合勢，虜必遁逃。」 諸將皆以為然，獨杜威不可，遣穀南至懷、孟督軍糧。
Du Wei had been appointed supreme commander on account of his connections to the imperial clan, yet he was by nature timorous and faint-hearted. Even the subordinate commanders held the rank of military governor, yet they spent their days in mutual entertainment—feasting and revelry—and scarcely ever spoke of the war. Li Gu, prefect of Cizhou and chief of northern supply lines, urged Du Wei and Li Shouzhen: "Our main force stands almost at the walls of Hengzhou—we can see the enemy's campfires from here. Drive tripods of timber into the stream, heap brush and earth atop them, and a bridge can be thrown up in no time. Let us coordinate secretly with the garrison to light signal fires; send brave men by night to cut their way into the enemy lines. A pincer from within and without, and the Khitan will break and run." The other generals assented—but Du Wei alone refused. He dispatched Li Gu south to oversee grain supplies at Huai and Meng.
65
契丹以大兵當晉軍之前，潛遣其將蕭翰、通事劉重進將百騎及贏卒，並西山出晉軍之後，斷晉糧道及歸路。 樵采者遇之，盡為所掠； 有逸歸者，皆稱虜眾之盛，軍中忷懼。 翰等至欒城，城中戍兵千餘人，不覺其至，狼狽降之。 契丹獲晉民，皆黥其面曰「奉敕不殺」，縱之南走。 運夫在道遇之，皆棄車驚潰。 翰，契丹主之舅也。
The Khitan massed their main force to block the Jin army's path, while stealthily sending Xiao Han and the liaison officer Liu Chongjin with a hundred riders and stragglers along the western hills to fall upon the Jin rear, severing grain routes and the road home. Every forager who crossed their path was stripped bare. Survivors who made it back told of overwhelming enemy numbers, and panic spread through the ranks. Xiao Han's force reached Luancheng, where more than a thousand defenders, unaware of their approach, capitulated in confusion. Khitan captors branded captured Jin civilians on the face with the words "Spared by imperial command," then drove them southward in flight. Supply porters who met these refugees abandoned their wagons and scattered in terror. Xiao Han was uncle to the Khitan emperor on his mother's side.
66
十二月，丁巳朔，李穀自書密奏，具言大軍危急之勢，請車駕幸滑州，遣高行周、符彥卿扈從，及發兵守澶州、河陽以備虜之奔沖； 遣軍將關勳走馬上之。
On the first day of the twelfth month (ding-si cycle day), Li Gu penned a confidential memorial describing the army's dire straits. He pleaded for the emperor to remove to Huazhou under escort of Gao Xingzhou and Fu Yanqing, and to deploy forces at Chenzhou and Heyang against a possible enemy breakthrough. A courier named Guan Xun was sent at a gallop with the dispatch.
67
己未，帝始聞大軍屯中度。 是夕，關勳至。 庚申，杜威奏請益兵，詔悉發守宮禁者得數百人，赴之。 又詔發河北及滑、孟、澤、潞芻糧五十萬詣軍前，督迫嚴急，所在鼎沸。 辛酉，威又遣從者張祚等來告急，祚等還，為契丹所獲，自是朝廷與軍前聲問兩不相通。 時宿衛兵皆在行營，人心懍懍，莫知為計。 開封尹桑維翰，以國家危在旦夕，求見帝言事。 帝方在苑中調鷹，辭不見。 又詣執政言之，執政不以為然。 退，謂所親曰：「晉氏不血食矣！」
On ji-wei day, the emperor learned for the first time that the main army lay encamped at Zhongdu Ford. Guan Xun reached the capital that same night. On geng-shen, Du Wei begged for more troops; the court ordered several hundred palace guards released from garrison duty and dispatched to his aid. Another decree mobilized five hundred thousand bundles of fodder from Hebei and the prefectures of Huai, Meng, Ze, and Lu—requisitioned under relentless pressure until the regions seethed with unrest. On xin-you, Du Wei sent Zhang Zuo and others again with desperate appeals—but on the return journey they were taken by the Khitan, and from that day court and field lost all contact. With the imperial guard already committed to the expedition, dread gripped the capital—no one knew what course to take. Sang Weihan, prefect of Kaifeng, convinced the realm stood on the brink of ruin, sought an audience to plead with the emperor. The emperor was training falcons in the palace grounds and refused to see him. He appealed next to the chief ministers, who dismissed his warnings. Retiring, he told his intimates: "The Jin dynasty will not long survive to receive ancestral sacrifices!"
68
帝欲自將北征，李彥韜諫而止。 時符彥卿雖任行營職事，帝留之，使戍荊州口。 壬戌，詔以歸德節度使高行周為北面都部署，以彥卿副之，共戍澶州； 以西京留守景延廣戍河陽，且張形勢。 奉國都指揮使王清言於杜威曰：「今大軍去恆州五里，守此何為！ 營孤食盡，勢將自潰。 請以步卒二千為前鋒，奪橋開道，公帥諸軍繼之。 得入恆州，則無憂矣。」 威許諾，遣清與宋彥筠俱進。 清戰甚銳，契丹不能支，勢小卻。 諸將請以大軍繼之，威不許。 彥筠為契丹所敗，浮水抵岸得免，因退走。 清獨帥麾下陳於水北力戰，互有殺傷，屢請救於威，威竟不遣一騎助之。 清謂其眾曰：「上將握兵，坐觀吾輩困急而不救，此必有異志。 吾輩當以死報國耳！」 眾感其言，莫有退者。 至暮，戰不息。 契丹以新兵繼之，清及士眾盡死。 由是諸軍皆奪氣。 清，洺州人也。
The emperor proposed to take the field in person; Li Yantao dissuaded him. Though Fu Yanqing held a command in the expeditionary force, the emperor detained him to guard Jingzhou Ford. On ren-xu, Gao Xingzhou of Guide Circuit was named supreme commander of the northern front, with Fu Yanqing as second-in-command; together they were posted to Chenzhou. Jing Yanguang, regent of the western capital, was stationed at Heyang to project strength. Wang Qing, commander of the Imperial Guard, said to Du Wei: "Our army stands five li from Hengzhou—why do we sit here and wait to die? Our camp is cut off and rations are gone—we will disintegrate without a blow. Give me two thousand foot soldiers as advance guard to take the bridge and breach the line; then lead the main force after me. Once inside Hengzhou, we shall be secure." Du Wei agreed, and dispatched Wang Qing and Song Yanyun forward together. Wang Qing fought with ferocious elan; the Khitan buckled and gave ground. The other commanders urged a general advance; Du Wei refused. Song Yanyun was routed; he swam to safety and fled. Wang Qing alone held the north bank with his men, trading blow for blow. He begged Du Wei again and again for relief—and not one horse was sent. Wang Qing told his troops: "Our commander-in-chief watches us die and sends no aid. He must have his own designs. Let us die for our country—that is all that remains!" His men were stirred by the speech; not one fell back. Fighting raged until nightfall without pause. Fresh Khitan reserves poured in; Wang Qing and every man with him perished. From that hour, the army's will to fight was broken. Wang Qing was a native of Mozhou.
69
甲子，契丹遙以兵環晉營，內外斷絕，軍中食且盡。 杜威與李守貞、宋彥筠謀降契丹。 威潛遣腹心詣契丹牙帳，邀求重賞。 契丹主紿之曰：「趙延壽威望素淺，恐不能帝中國。 汝果降者，當以汝為之。」 威喜，遂定降計。 丙寅，伏甲召諸將，出降表示之，使署名。 諸將駭愕，莫敢言者，但唯唯聽命。 威遣閣門使高勳繼詣契丹，契丹主賜詔慰納之。 是日，威悉命軍士出陳於外，軍士皆踴躍，以為且戰，威親諭之曰：「今食盡塗窮，當與汝曹共求生計。」 因命釋甲。 軍士皆慟哭，聲振原野。 威、守貞仍於眾中揚言：「主上失德，信任奸邪，猜忌於己。」 聞者無不切齒。 契丹主遣趙延壽衣赭袍至晉營慰撫士卒，曰：「彼皆汝物也。」 杜威以下，皆迎謁於馬前，亦以赭袍衣威以示晉軍，其實皆戲之耳。 以威為太傅，李守貞為司徒。 威引契丹主至恆州城下，諭順國節度使王周以己降之狀，周亦出降。 戊辰，契丹主入恆州。 遣兵襲代州，刺史王暉以城降之。 先是契丹屢攻易州，刺史郭璘固守拒之。 契丹主每過城下，指而歎曰：「吾能吞併天下，而為此人所扼！」 及杜威既降，契丹主遣通事耿崇美至易州，誘諭其眾，眾皆降，璘不能制，遂為崇美所殺。 璘，邢州人也。
On jia-zi, Khitan forces ringed the Jin encampment at a distance, severing all lines in and out as provisions ran out. Du Wei, Li Shouzhen, and Song Yanyun conspired to submit to the Khitan. Du Wei secretly sent confidants to the Khitan camp to bargain for rich reward. The Khitan emperor feigned agreement: "Zhao Yanshou lacks standing—he could never hold the Middle Kingdom as emperor. Surrender in earnest, and the throne shall be yours." Du Wei exulted—and the decision to capitulate was made. On bing-yin, ambush troops at the ready, he assembled his commanders, unveiled a surrender petition, and demanded their signatures. The commanders stared in horror; none dared protest—they could only mumble compliance. Du Wei dispatched Gao Xun once more to the Khitan camp; the emperor issued a decree of welcome and acceptance. That day Du Wei ordered the entire army into formation outdoors. The men surged forward, believing battle was at hand—until Du Wei addressed them: "We are starved and trapped. I must find a way for us all to survive." He then commanded them to shed their arms. The troops broke into lamentation that echoed across the plain. Before the ranks, Du Wei and Li Shouzhen declared: "The emperor has forfeited moral authority—he favors traitors and distrusts his own generals." Every man who heard them gritted his teeth in rage—or shame. The Khitan emperor sent Zhao Yanshou in imperial scarlet to the Jin camp to rally the troops: "These men are yours now." Du Wei and his officers bowed before Zhao Yanshou's saddle; they even draped Du Wei in scarlet for the army to see—a charade of enthronement, nothing more. Du Wei was granted the title Grand Preceptor; Li Shouzhen, Minister of Education. Du Wei escorted the Khitan emperor to the walls of Hengzhou and announced his submission to Wang Zhou, governor of Shunguo Circuit, who then surrendered as well. On wu-chen, the Khitan emperor entered Hengzhou. He sent forces against Daizhou; its prefect Wang Hui yielded the city. The Khitan had long besieged Yizhou without success, for Prefect Guo Lin held the walls tenaciously. Each time the Khitan emperor passed beneath the walls, he would point upward and sigh: "I can swallow the world entire—yet this one man chokes me at the throat!" After Du Wei's capitulation, the Khitan emperor sent Geng Chongmei to Yizhou to win over the garrison. The men defected en masse; Guo Lin could not hold them and was slain by Geng Chongmei. Guo Lin was a native of Xingzhou.
70
義武節度使李殷，安國留後方太，皆降於契丹。 契丹主以孫方簡為義武節度使，麻答為安國節度使，以客省副使馬崇祚權知恆州事。
Li Yin, military governor of Yiwu Circuit, and Fang Tai, acting governor of Anguo, both submitted to the Khitan. The Khitan emperor installed Sun Fangjian as governor of Yiwu, Mada as governor of Anguo, and Ma Chongzuo, deputy director of guest relations, as provisional prefect of Hengzhou.
71
契丹翰林承旨、吏部尚書張礪言於契丹主曰：「今大遼已得天下，中國將相宜用中國人為之，不宜用北人及左右近習。 苟政令乖失，則人心不服，雖得之，猶將失之。」 契丹主不從。 引兵自邢、相而南，杜威將降兵以從。 遣張彥澤將二千騎先取大梁，且撫安吏民，以通事傅住兒為都監。
Zhang Li, Hanlin academician and minister of personnel, counseled the Khitan emperor: "Great Liao now holds the realm—but Chinese offices should be filled by Chinese men, not by northerners and palace favorites. Misrule will forfeit the people's loyalty; conquer the land today, and you may lose it tomorrow." The Khitan emperor ignored the advice. The Khitan army marched south through Xingzhou and Xiangzhou, Du Wei trailing with his surrendered Jin forces. Zhang Yanze was sent ahead with two thousand cavalry to seize the capital, with orders to reassure officials and populace; Fu Zhu'er served as superintendent.
72
杜威之降也，皇甫遇初不預謀。 契丹主欲遣遇先將兵入大梁，遇辭。 退，謂所親曰：「吾位為將相，敗不能死，忍復圖其主乎！」 至平棘，謂從者曰：「吾不食累日矣，何面目復南行！」 遂扼吭而死。
Huangfu Yu had known nothing of Du Wei's conspiracy to surrender. The Khitan emperor offered to let Huangfu Yu lead the vanguard into the capital; he refused. Retiring, he told his intimates: "I stand as general and minister of the realm. I failed to die in battle—how could I now turn against my lord?" At Pingji he told his attendants: "I have not eaten in days. What face have I left to walk south?" He gripped his own throat until life left him.
73
張彥澤倍道疾驅，夜度白馬津。 壬申，帝始聞杜威等降。 是夕，又聞彥澤至滑州，召李崧、馮玉、李彥韜入禁中計事，欲詔劉知遠發兵入援。 癸酉，未明，彥澤自封丘門斬關而入，李彥韜帥禁兵五百赴之，不能遏。 彥澤頓兵明德門外，城中大擾。 帝於宮中起火，自攜劍驅後宮十餘人將赴火，為親軍將薛超所持。 俄而彥澤自寬仁門傳契丹主與太后書慰撫之，且召桑維翰、景延廣，帝乃命滅火，悉開宮城門。 帝坐苑中，與后妃相聚而泣，召翰林學士范質草降表，自稱「孫男臣重貴，禍至神惑，運盡天亡。 今與太后及妻馮氏，舉族於郊野面縛待罪次。 遣男鎮寧節度使延煦、威信節度使延寶，奉國寶一、金印三出迎。」 太后亦上表稱「新婦李氏妾」。 傅住兒入宣契丹主命，帝脫黃袍，服素衫，再拜受宣，左右皆掩泣。 帝使召張彥澤，欲與計事。 彥澤曰：「臣無面目見陛下。」 帝復召之，彥澤微笑不應。
Zhang Yanze drove his cavalry at breakneck pace, crossing the Baima Ford under cover of night. On ren-shen, word reached the emperor that Du Wei had capitulated. That same night came news that Zhang Yanze had reached Huazhou. The emperor summoned Li Song, Feng Yu, and Li Yantao to counsel in the inner palace, intending to order Liu Zhiyuan to march to the rescue. Before dawn on gui-you, Zhang Yanze hacked his way through Fengqiu Gate. Li Yantao rallied five hundred imperial guards—and could not halt him. Zhang Yanze encamped outside Mingde Gate as chaos engulfed the capital. The emperor kindled a fire in the palace, sword in hand, and drove more than a dozen consorts toward the flames—only to be seized and held back by his guard commander Xue Chao. Soon Zhang Yanze entered through Kuanren Gate bearing letters of reassurance from the Khitan emperor and empress dowager, and summoned Sang Weihan and Jing Yanguang. The emperor ordered the fires doused and every palace gate thrown open. The emperor sat weeping in the garden with his consorts and summoned Fan Zhi to compose the capitulation memorial: "Your grandson and subject Chonggui: calamity struck when the spirits turned away; my mandate expired when Heaven withdrew its favor. I now await judgment in the open country, bound and on my knees, with the Empress Dowager, Lady Feng, and all my house. I send my sons Yanshu and Yanbao—governors of Zhenning and Weixin—to meet you bearing the imperial regalia: one jade seal and three golden seals." The Empress Dowager submitted her own memorial, styling herself "Your new daughter-in-law Li, humble servant." Fu Zhu'er entered to announce the Khitan emperor's decree. The emperor stripped off his imperial yellow, put on plain white, and bowed twice to receive the pronouncement; attendants wept into their sleeves. The emperor sent for Zhang Yanze, hoping to counsel with him. Zhang Yanze replied: "I am unworthy to look upon Your Majesty's face." Summoned again, Zhang Yanze only smiled and kept silent.
74
或勸桑維翰逃去。 維翰曰：「吾大臣，逃將安之！」 坐而俟命。 彥澤以帝命召維翰。 維翰至天街，遇李崧，駐馬語未畢，有軍吏於馬前揖維翰赴侍衛司。 維翰知不免，顧謂崧曰：「侍中當國，今日國亡，反令維翰死之，何也？」 崧有愧色。 彥澤倨坐見維翰，維翰責之曰：「去年拔公於罪人之中，復領大鎮，授以兵權，何乃負恩至此！」 彥澤無以應，遣兵守之。 宣徽使孟承誨，素以佞巧有寵於帝，至是，帝召承誨，欲與之謀，承誨伏匿不至。 張彥澤捕而殺之。 彥澤縱兵大掠，貧民乘之，亦爭入富室，殺之取其貨，二日方止，都城為之一空。 彥澤所居寶貨山積，自謂有功於契丹，晝夜以酒樂自娛，出入騎從常數百人，其旗幟皆題「赤心為主」，見者笑之。 軍士擒罪人至前，彥澤不問所犯，但瞋目豎三指，即驅出斷其腰領。 彥澤素與閣門使高勳不協，乘醉至其家，殺其叔父及弟，屍諸門首。 士民不寒而慄。 中書舍人李濤謂人曰：「吾與其逃於溝瀆而不免，不若往見之。」 乃投刺謁彥澤曰：「上疏請殺太尉人李濤，謹來請死。」 彥澤欣然接之，謂濤曰：「舍人今日懼乎？」 濤曰：「濤今日之懼，亦猶足下昔年之懼也。 曏使高祖用濤言，事安至此！」 彥澤大笑，命酒飲之。 濤引滿而去，旁若無人。
Some counseled Sang Weihan to escape. Sang Weihan answered: "I am a chief minister of the realm—where could I flee to!" He simply sat and waited for whatever fate would bring. Zhang Yanze summoned Sang Weihan in the emperor's name. Sang Weihan reached Heavenly Street and met Li Song. He had halted his horse mid-conversation when a military clerk stepped before his stirrup, bowed, and summoned him to the Imperial Guard headquarters. Knowing there was no escape, Sang Weihan turned to Li Song and said: "You held the realm as Palace Attendant—now the realm is lost, and yet I am the one sent to die. Why? Li Song flushed with shame. Zhang Yanze received him from a haughty seat. Sang Weihan rebuked him: "Last year I plucked you from ruin, restored you to a great command, and entrusted you with armies—how have you repaid that grace with such treachery! Zhang Yanze could not answer; he posted guards over him. Meng Chenghui, commissioner of the Palace Administration, had long won the emperor's favor through sycophantic cunning. Now the emperor summoned him to counsel together, but Meng Chenghui hid himself and would not appear. Zhang Yanze hunted him down and put him to death. Zhang Yanze let his soldiers loose in wholesale pillage. The poor took their cue and stormed the mansions of the wealthy, killing and looting at will. For two days the carnage continued until the capital stood hollowed out. Treasures heaped mountain-high in Zhang Yanze's quarters. He flattered himself that he had rendered great service to the Khitan, and drowned day and night in wine and revelry. Whenever he rode abroad, several hundred men followed; every banner bore the legend "Loyal Heart Serves the Throne." Onlookers could only mock him. When soldiers dragged prisoners before him, Zhang Yanze never asked their crimes. He need only glare and hold up three fingers—the prisoner was hustled out and hacked apart. Zhang Yanze had long feuded with Gao Xun, the Palace Gate commissioner. Drunk, he burst into Gao's house, murdered his uncle and younger brother, and left the bodies stacked before the gate. Official and commoner alike shuddered without cold. Li Tao, drafter of the Secretariat, told others: "If I cower in a ditch I may still not survive. Better to go and face him. He presented his card and called on Zhang Yanze: "I am Li Tao—the man who memorialized the throne demanding the Grand Commander's death. I have come to receive my own. Zhang Yanze welcomed him with delight and asked: "Drafter Li—do you fear me now? Li Tao answered: "My fear today is no different from yours in years gone by. Had Emperor Gaozu heeded my counsel, matters would never have reached this pass! Zhang Yanze roared with laughter and called for wine to toast him. Li Tao downed his cup and walked out as if the world were empty."
75
甲戌，張彥澤遷帝於開封府，頃刻不得留，宮中慟哭。 帝與太后、皇后乘肩輿，宮人、宦者十餘人步從，見者流涕。 帝悉以內庫金珠自隨。 彥澤使人諷之曰：「契丹主至，此物不可匿也。」 帝悉歸之，亦分以遺彥澤，彥澤擇取其奇貨，而封其餘以待契丹。 彥澤遣控鶴指揮使李筠以兵守帝，內外不通。 帝姑烏氏公主賂守門者，入與帝訣，相持而泣，歸第自經死。 帝與太后所上契丹主表章，皆先示彥澤，然後敢發。 帝使取內庫帛數段，主者不與，曰：「此非帝物也。」 又求酒於李崧，崧亦辭以它故不進。 又欲見李彥韜，彥韜亦辭不往。 帝惆悵久之。
On jia-xu, Zhang Yanze expelled the emperor to the Kaifeng prefectural offices—not an instant longer could he remain in the palace. Wails rose throughout the inner quarters. The emperor, the empress dowager, and the empress rode in palanquins while a dozen palace women and eunuchs walked behind. All who witnessed it wept. The emperor brought every pearl and ingot from the inner treasury with him. Zhang Yanze sent a messenger to warn him: "When the Khitan emperor comes, you cannot conceal such treasures. The emperor surrendered everything, then shared a portion as tribute to Zhang Yanze himself. Yanze cherry-picked the finest pieces and sealed the remainder for the Khitan. Zhang Yanze posted Li Yun, commander of the Striding Swans, with soldiers to confine the emperor; no word passed between inner and outer quarters. The emperor's aunt, Princess Wushi, bribed the guards for one last audience. She and the emperor embraced and wept; then she returned home and hanged herself. Every memorial the emperor and empress dowager drafted for the Khitan emperor had to be shown to Zhang Yanze before it could be dispatched. When the emperor sent for a few bolts of silk from the inner treasury, the steward refused him: "These no longer belong to Your Majesty. He asked Li Song for wine as well; Li Song made excuses and would not send any. He tried to summon Li Yantao, who likewise refused to come. The emperor brooded in desolation for a long while.
76
馮玉佞張彥澤，求自送傳國寶，冀契丹復任用。
Feng Yu fawned on Zhang Yanze and offered to deliver the imperial heirloom seal himself, hoping the Khitan would restore him to office.
77
楚國夫人丁氏，延煦之母也，有美色。 彥澤使人取之，太后遲回未與。 彥澤詬詈，立載之去。
Lady Ding, the Lady of Chu, was Zhao Yanshou's mother—a woman of striking beauty. Zhang Yanze sent men to fetch her. The empress dowager wavered and would not yield her. Zhang Yanze hurled abuse, then had her loaded onto a cart and carried off at once.
78
是夕，彥澤殺桑維翰。 以帶加頸，白契丹主，雲其自經。 契丹主曰：「吾無意殺維翰，何為如是！」 命厚撫其家。
That night Zhang Yanze murdered Sang Weihan. He looped a belt around Weihan's neck and told the Khitan emperor that Weihan had taken his own life. The Khitan emperor said: "I never meant for Weihan to die—why was it done this way! He ordered Weihan's household richly compensated.
79
高行周、符彥卿皆詣契丹牙帳降。 契丹主以陽城之戰為彥卿所敗，詰之。 彥卿曰：「臣當時惟知為晉主竭力，今日死生惟命。」 契丹主笑而釋之。
Gao Xingzhou and Fu Yanqing both came to the Khitan camp to submit. The Khitan emperor had been beaten by Fu Yanqing at Yangcheng and now pressed him on it. Fu Yanqing answered: "Then I fought with all my strength for the Jin emperor. Now whether I live or die is entirely in your hands. The Khitan emperor laughed and let him go.
80
己卯，延煦、延寶自牙帳還，契丹主賜帝手詔，且遣解裡謂帝曰：「孫勿憂，必使汝有啖飯之所。」 帝心稍安，上表謝恩。
On ji-mao, Zhao Yanshou and Zhao Yanbao returned from the Khitan camp bearing a personal edict for the emperor. Jieli relayed the emperor's words: "Grandson, do not grieve—I shall see that you have bread enough to eat. The emperor's heart eased a little, and he submitted a memorial of gratitude.
81
契丹以所獻傳國寶追琢非工，又不與前史相應，疑其非真，以詔書詰帝，使獻真者。 帝奏：「頃王從珂自焚，舊傳國寶不知所在，必與之俱燼。 此寶先帝所為，群臣備知。 臣今日焉敢匿寶！」 乃止。
The Khitan found the submitted heirloom seal crudely carved and inconsistent with historical records, and suspected a forgery. They issued an edict demanding that the emperor produce the true seal. The emperor replied: "When Wang Congke immolated himself, the original heirloom seal vanished—it must have perished in those flames. This seal was fashioned by my predecessor, as every minister knows. How could I now dare to hide any treasure! The Khitan dropped the matter."
82
帝聞契丹主將渡河，欲與太后於前途奉迎。 張彥澤先奏之，契丹主不許。 有司又欲使帝銜璧牽羊，大臣輿櫬，迎於郊外，先具儀注白契丹主，契丹主曰：「吾遣奇兵直取大梁，非受降也。」 亦不許。 又詔晉文武群官，一切如故； 朝廷制度，並用漢禮。 有司欲備法駕迎契丹主，契丹主報曰：「吾主擐甲總戎，太常儀衛，未暇施也。」 皆卻之。 先是契丹主至相州，即遣兵趣河陽捕景延廣。 延廣蒼猝無所逃伏，往見契丹主於封丘。 契丹主詰之曰：「致兩主失歡，皆汝所為也。 十萬橫磨劍安在！」 召喬榮，使相辨證，事凡十條。 延廣初不服，榮以紙所記語示之，乃服。 每服一事，輒授一籌。 至八籌，延廣但以面伏地請死，乃鎖之。
Learning that the Khitan emperor intended to cross the Yellow River, the emperor wished to go forward with the empress dowager to welcome him. Zhang Yanze reported this in advance; the Khitan emperor refused. The officials proposed that the emperor perform the full rite of surrender—jade between his lips, leading a sheep, ministers bearing coffins—to meet the Khitan outside the walls. They laid out the protocol for the Khitan emperor's approval. He answered: "I dispatched my armies to seize Daliang by force. This is no occasion for a ceremony of capitulation. That too was refused. He further decreed that all Jin civil and military officers would retain their posts as before; and that court institutions would continue under Han ritual. When officials proposed dispatching the full imperial escort to welcome him, the Khitan emperor replied: "I come in armor at the head of my army. This is no time for Grand Regulator pageantry. Every such proposal was rejected. Earlier, upon reaching Xiangzhou, the Khitan emperor had sent troops to Heyang to seize Jing Yanguang. Jing Yanguang, with nowhere to flee, went to meet the Khitan emperor at Fengqiu. The Khitan emperor confronted him: "You alone ruined the accord between our two courts. Where are those hundred thousand swords you vowed to grind against us! He summoned Qiao Rong, and the two were made to dispute the charges point by point—ten in all. Jing Yanguang at first denied everything until Qiao Rong produced the written record of his own words—then he conceded. For each point conceded, a tally stick was placed against him. At eight tallies Jing Yanguang could only press his face to the earth and beg for death. They shackled him."
83
丙戌晦，百官宿於封禪寺。
On bing-xu, the month's last day, the officials quartered themselves at Fengshan Temple.