1
敬宗孝莊帝
Emperor Jingzong Xiaozhuang.
2
辛丑,車駕入宮,御太極殿。 大赦,改武泰為建義元年。 壬寅,榮表請追謚無上王為皇帝。 餘死河陰者,諸王、刺史贈三司,三品者令僕,五品者刺史,七品已下及庶人,郡、鎮。 諸死者子孫,聽立後,授封爵。 詔從之。 癸卯,以前太尉、江陽王繼為太師、司州牧。 相州刺史、北海王顥為太傅、開府,仍刺史。 封光祿大夫、清泉縣侯李延實為陽平王,位太保,遷太傅; 以并州刺史元天穆為太尉,封上黨王。
On xinchou day the Emperor entered the palace and took the throne in the Hall of Supreme Ultimate. He proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name from Wutai to Jianyi, year one. On renyin day Erzhu Rong memorialized asking that the late Prince Without Superior be given the posthumous title of emperor. As for the others slain at Heyin, princes and prefects were posthumously honored as Three Excellencies, third-rank men as ministers, fifth-rank men as regional inspectors, and everyone from seventh rank down to commoners received appointments in commanderies and garrisons. Descendants of the dead were allowed to establish heirs and were granted titles of nobility. The court approved it by edict. On guimao day the former Grand Commandant, Prince of Jiangyang Ji, was appointed Grand Preceptor and Governor of Sizhou. Prince of Beihai Hao, regional inspector, was made Grand Tutor with an opening office while retaining his inspectorship. Li Yanshi, Court Gentleman of the Luminous Office and Marquis of Qingquan, was enfeoffed as Prince of Yangping, made Grand Guardian, and then promoted to Grand Tutor; and Bingzhou Regional Inspector Yuan Tianmu was made Grand Commandant and enfeoffed as Prince of Shangdang.
3
以儀同三司楊椿為司徒。 以儀同三司、頓丘郡公穆紹為司空,領尚書令,進爵為王。
Yang Chun, Commissioner Equal to the Third Rank, was appointed Minister over the Masses. Mu Shao, Commissioner Equal to the Third Rank and Duke of Dunqiu, was made Minister of Works and Director of the Department of State Affairs, and advanced to princely rank.
4
以雍州刺史長孫承業為開府儀同三司,進封馮翊王。 以殿中尚書元諶為尚書右僕射,封魏郡王。 以給事黃門侍郎元填為東海王。 甲辰,以敷城王坦為咸陽王。 以諫議大夫元貴平為東萊王。 以直閣將軍元肅為魯郡王。 以秘書郎中元曄為長廣王。 以馮翊郡公源紹景復先爵隴西王。 扶風郡公馮冏、東郡公陸子彰、北平公長孫悅並復先王爵。 以北平王超還復為安定王。 丁未,詔中外解嚴。 庚戌,封大將軍爾朱榮次子義羅為梁郡王。 詔蠕蠕王阿那瑰贊拜不名,上書不稱臣。 是月,汝南王悅、北海王顥、臨淮王彧前後奔梁。 五月丁巳朔,以右僕射元羅為東道大使,光祿勛元欣副之。 循方黜陟,先行後聞。 辛酉,大將軍爾朱榮還晉陽,帝餞於邙陰。 六月癸卯,以高昌王世子光為平西將軍、瓜州刺史,襲爵泰臨縣伯、高昌王。 帝以寇難未夷,避正殿,責躬撤膳。 又班募格,收集忠勇。 有直言正諫之士者,集華林園,面論時事。 幽州平北府主簿河間邢杲率河北流移人萬餘戶,反於北海,自署漢王,年號天統。 秋七月乙丑,加大將軍爾朱榮柱國大將軍、錄尚書事。 壬子,光州人劉舉聚眾反於濮陽,自稱皇武大將。 是月,高平鎮人万俟醜奴僭稱大位。 臨淮王彧自江南還朝。 八月,太山太守羊侃據郡反。 甲辰,詔大都督宗正珍孫討劉舉。 平之。 九月己巳,以齊州刺史元欣為沛郡王。 壬申,柱國大將軍爾朱榮率騎七千討葛榮於滏口,破禽之。 冀、定、滄、瀛、殷五州平。 乙亥,以葛榮平,大赦,改元為永安。 辛巳,以爾朱榮為大丞相,進榮子平昌郡公文殊、昌樂郡公文暢爵並為王。 以司徒楊椿為太保,城陽王徽為司徒。 冬十月丁亥,爾朱榮檻送葛榮於京師。 帝臨閶闔門,榮稽顙謝罪,斬於都市。 戊戌,江陽王繼薨。 癸丑,復膠東縣侯李侃希祖爵南郡王。 是月,大都督費穆大破梁軍。 禽其將曹義宗,檻送京師。 梁以北海王顥為魏主,年號孝基,入據南兗之铚城。 十一月戊午,以無上王世子韶為彭城王; 陳留王子寬為陳留王; 寬弟剛為浮陽王; 剛弟質為林慮王。 癸亥,行臺于暉等大破羊侃於瑕丘。 侃奔梁。 戊寅,封前軍元凝為東安王。 是歲,葛榮餘黨韓樓復據幽州反。
Changsun Chengye, Regional Inspector of Yongzhou, was made Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank and promoted to Prince of Fengyi. Yuan Chen, Director in the Palace Secretariat, was appointed Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and enfeoffed as Prince of Wei. Yuan Tian, Attendant Gentleman at the Yellow Gate, received the title Prince of Donghai. On jiachen day Prince of Fucheng Tan was made Prince of Xianyang. Remonstrating and Consulting Grandee Yuan Guiping was enfeoffed as Prince of Donglai. Direct Attendant General Yuan Su was enfeoffed as Prince of Lu. Secretariat Gentleman Yuan Ye was enfeoffed as Prince of Changguang. Yuan Shaojing, Duke of Fengyi, was restored to his former title as Prince of Longxi. Feng Tong of Fufeng, Lu Zizhang of Dongjun, and Changsun Yue of Beiping all had their ancestral princely ranks restored. Prince of Beiping Chao was restored to his former title as Prince of Anding. On dingwei day an edict ended martial law at court and in the realm. On gengxu day Yiluo, second son of Grand General Erzhu Rong, was enfeoffed as Prince of Liang. By edict the Rouran king Anagui was granted the privilege of bowing without having his name called and of addressing the throne without calling himself a subject. That month Prince of Runan Yue, Prince of Beihai Hao, and Prince of Huaiyang Yu fled to Liang one after another. On dingsi, the first day of the fifth month, Right Vice Director Yuan Luo was made Grand Ambassador of the Eastern Circuit, with Court Gentleman Yuan Xin as his deputy. He was to tour the circuits, dismiss and promote officials, and act first and report afterward. On xinyou day Grand General Erzhu Rong returned to Jinyang, and the Emperor gave him a farewell feast on the northern slope of Mount Mang. On guimao in the sixth month Guang, heir of the King of Gaochang, was made General Who Pacifies the West and Regional Inspector of Guazhou, inheriting the rank of Count of Tailin and the title King of Gaochang. Because the realm was still unsettled, the Emperor avoided the main hall, blamed himself, and took only frugal meals. He also issued recruitment regulations to gather loyal and courageous men. Men who spoke frankly and offered remonstrance were gathered in the Hualin Garden to debate affairs of state face to face. Xing Guo, a clerk of the Pingbei Office in Youzhou from Hejian, led more than ten thousand displaced households from north of the Yellow River in revolt at Beihai, declared himself King of Han, and adopted the era name Tiantong. In the seventh month, on yichou day, Grand General Erzhu Rong was promoted to Pillar of State, Grand General, and Recorder of the Department of State Affairs. On renzi day Liu Ju of Guangzhou raised a crowd in revolt at Puyang and styled himself Grand General of August Martiality. That month Wan Qichou of Gaochang Garrison usurped imperial rank. Prince of Huaiyang Yu returned to court from the lands south of the Yangtze. In the eighth month Yang Kan, Regional Administrator of Taishan, seized the commandery and rebelled. On jiachen day an edict ordered Grand Commander Zongzheng Zhensun to campaign against Liu Ju. He pacified them. On jisi in the ninth month Yuan Xin, Regional Inspector of Qi, was enfeoffed as Prince of Pei. On renshen day Pillar of State and Grand General Erzhu Rong led seven thousand horsemen against Ge Rong at Fukou, defeated him, and took him alive. The five provinces of Ji, Ding, Cang, Ying, and Yin were pacified. On yihai day, because Ge Rong had been pacified, a general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name was changed to Yongan. On xinsi day Erzhu Rong was made Grand Chancellor, and his sons Wenshu, Duke of Pingchang, and Wenchang, Duke of Changle, were both raised to princely rank. Yang Chun, Minister over the Masses, was made Grand Guardian, and Prince of Chengyang Hui was made Minister over the Masses. In the tenth month, on dinghai day, Erzhu Rong sent Ge Rong to the capital in a caged cart. The Emperor came to the Gate of Opening the Gate to All Directions; Rong kowtowed in confession of guilt, and Ge Rong was beheaded in the market. On wuxu day Prince of Jiangyang Ji died. On guichou day Marquis of Jiaodong Li Kanxi was restored to his ancestral title as Prince of Nan. That month Grand Commander Fei Mu inflicted a great defeat on the Liang army. He captured their general Cao Yizong and sent him to the capital in a caged cart. Liang installed Prince of Beihai Hao as ruler of Wei under the era name Xiaoji, and he entered and seized Cheng City in southern Yanzhou. On wuwu day Shao, heir of the Prince Without Superior, was made Prince of Pengcheng; Zikuan, son of Prince of Chenliu, was made Prince of Chenliu; Zikuan's younger brother Gang was made Prince of Fuyang; and Gang's younger brother Zhi was made Prince of Linyu. On guihai day Yu Hui of the Mobile Secretariat and others inflicted a great defeat on Yang Kan at Xiaqiu. Kan fled to Liang. On wuyin day former Front Army Yuan Ning was enfeoffed as Prince of Dong'an. That year Han Lou, a remnant of Ge Rong's forces, again seized Youzhou and rebelled.
5
二年春二月甲午,追尊皇考為文穆皇帝,廟號肅祖。 皇妣為文穆皇后。 夏四月癸未,遷文穆皇帝及文穆皇后神主於太廟,降畿內死罪已下刑。 辛丑,上黨王天穆大破邢杲於濟南。 杲降,送於京師,斬於都市。 五月壬子朔,元顥克梁國。 乙丑,內外戒嚴。 癸酉,元顥陷滎陽。 甲戌夜,車駕北巡。 乙亥,幸河內。 丙子,元顥入洛。 丁丑,進封城陽縣公元祉為平原王; 安昌縣公元鷙為華山王。 戊寅,太原王爾朱榮會車駕於長子,即日反旆。 上黨王天穆北渡,會車駕於河內。 秋七月戊辰,都督爾朱兆、賀拔勝從硤石夜濟。 破顥子冠受及安豐王延明軍。 元顥敗走。 庚午,車駕入居華林園,升大夏門大赦。 壬申,以柱國大將軍、太原王爾朱榮為天柱大將軍。
In spring of the second year, second month, on jiawu day the late Emperor, the Emperor's father, was posthumously honored as Emperor Wenmu with temple name Suzu. The late Empress, the Emperor's mother, was posthumously honored as Empress Wenmu. In the fourth month of summer, on guiwei day, the spirit tablets of Emperor Wenmu and Empress Wenmu were moved to the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and capital sentences and below within the metropolitan circuit were commuted one degree. On xinchou day Prince of Shangdang Tianmu inflicted a great defeat on Xing Guo at Jinan. Guo surrendered and was sent to the capital, where he was beheaded in the market. On renzi, the first day of the fifth month, Yuan Hao captured Liang. On yichou day martial law was imposed at court and in the realm. On guiyou day Yuan Hao took Xingyang. On the night of jiaxu day the Emperor made a northern tour. On yihai day he arrived at Henei. On bingzi day Yuan Hao entered Luoyang. On dingchou day Yuan Zhi, Count of Chengyang, was advanced to Prince of Pingyuan; and Yuan Zhi, Count of Anchang, was advanced to Prince of Huashan. On wuyin day Prince of Taiyuan Erzhu Rong joined the imperial carriage at Changzi and turned the army about that same day. Prince of Shangdang Tianmu crossed north and joined the imperial carriage at Henei. In the seventh month of autumn, on wuchen day Area Commanders Erzhu Zhao and Heba Sheng crossed from Xiashi by night. They defeated the armies of Hao's son Guanshou and Prince of Anfeng Yanming. Yuan Hao was defeated and fled. On gengwu day the Emperor entered and took up residence in the Hualin Garden, ascended the Gate of Great Summer, and proclaimed a general amnesty. On renshen day Pillar of State and Grand General Prince of Taiyuan Erzhu Rong was made Pillar of Heaven, Grand General.
6
癸酉,臨潁縣卒江豐斬元顥,傳首京師。 甲戌,以大將軍、上黨王天穆為太宰,以司徒、城陽王徽為大司馬、太尉。 己卯,以南青州刺史元旭為襄城王; 南兗州刺史元暹為汝陽王。 閏月辛巳,帝始居宮內。 辛卯,以兼吏部尚書楊津為司空。 八月己未,以太傅李延實為司徒。 丁卯,封瓜州刺史元太宗為東陽王。 九月,大都督侯深破韓樓於薊,斬之。 幽州平。 冬十月己酉朔,日有蝕之。 丁丑,以前司空、丹楊王蕭贊為司徒。 十一月己卯,就德興自榮州遣使請降。 丙午,以大司馬、太尉、城陽王徽為太保,以司徒、丹楊王蕭贊為太尉,以雍州刺史長孫承業為司徒。
On guiyou day Jiang Feng, a soldier of Linying County, beheaded Yuan Hao and sent his head to the capital. On jiaxu day Grand General and Prince of Shangdang Tianmu was made Grand Preceptor, and Minister over the Masses and Prince of Chengyang Hui was made Grand Marshal and Grand Commandant. On jimao day Yuan Xu, Regional Inspector of Southern Qing, was made Prince of Xiangcheng; and Yuan Xian, Regional Inspector of Southern Yan, was made Prince of Ruyang. In the intercalary month, on xinsi day, the Emperor first took up residence within the palace. On xinmao day Yang Jin, Acting Director of the Ministry of Personnel, was made Minister of Works. On jiwei in the eighth month Grand Tutor Li Yanshi was made Minister over the Masses. On dingmao day Yuan Taizong, Regional Inspector of Guazhou, was enfeoffed as Prince of Dongyang. In the ninth month Grand Commander Hou Shen defeated Han Lou at Ji and beheaded him. Youzhou was pacified. In the tenth month of winter, on jiyou, the first day of the month, there was an eclipse of the sun. On dingchou day former Minister of Works and Prince of Danyang Xiao Zan was made Minister over the Masses. On jimao in the eleventh month Qiudexing of Rongzhou sent envoys requesting surrender. On bingwu day Grand Marshal and Grand Commandant Prince of Chengyang Hui was made Grand Guardian; Minister over the Masses and Prince of Danyang Xiao Zan was made Grand Commandant; and Regional Inspector of Yongzhou Changsun Chengye was made Minister over the Masses.
7
三年夏四月丁卯,雍州刺史爾朱天光討万俟醜奴、蕭寶夤於安定。 破禽之,囚送京師。 甲戌,以關中平,大赦。 斬醜奴於都市,賜寶夤死。 六月戊午,嚈噠國獻師子一。 是月,白馬龍泗胡王慶雲僭稱帝號於永洛城。 秋七月丙子,爾朱天光平水洛城,禽慶雲。 九月辛卯,天柱大將軍爾朱榮、上黨王天穆自晉陽來朝。 戊戌,帝殺榮、天穆於明光殿,及榮子菩提。 乃升閶闔門,大赦。 遣武衛將軍奚毅、前燕州刺史侯深率眾鎮北中。 是夜,左僕射爾朱世隆、榮妻鄉郡長公主率榮部曲,自西陽門出屯河陰。 己亥,攻河橋,禽毅等,屠害之。 據北中城,南逼京師。 冬十月癸卯朔,封大鴻臚卿寶炬為南陽王,汝陽縣公修為平陽王,新陽伯誕為昌樂王,瑯邪公昶為太原王。 甲辰,徙封魏郡王諶為趙郡王,諶弟子趙郡王宣為平昌王。 戊申,皇子生,大赦。 乙卯,通直散騎常侍李苗以火船焚河橋,爾朱世隆退走。 壬申,世隆停建興之高都,爾朱兆自晉陽來會之,共推長廣王曄為主。 大赦所部,年號建明。
In the fourth month of summer of the third year, on dingmao day Erzhu Tianguang, Regional Inspector of Yongzhou, campaigned against Wan Qichou and Xiao Baoyin at Anding. He defeated and captured them and sent them as prisoners to the capital. On jiaxu day, because Guanzhong had been pacified, a general amnesty was proclaimed. Wan Qichou was beheaded in the market, and Baoyin was granted death by suicide. In the sixth month, on wuwu day, the Yanda state presented a lion. That month Qingyun, King of the White Horse and Longsi Hu, usurped an imperial title at Yongluo City. In the seventh month of autumn, on bingzi day Erzhu Tianguang pacified Yongluo City and captured Qingyun. In the ninth month, on xinmao day Pillar of Heaven Grand General Erzhu Rong and Prince of Shangdang Tianmu came to court from Jinyang. On wuxu day the Emperor killed Rong and Tianmu in the Hall of Illuminated Glory, together with Rong's son Puti. He then ascended the Gate of Opening the Gate to All Directions and proclaimed a general amnesty. Martial Guard General Xi Yi and former Regional Inspector of Yan Hou Shen were dispatched to lead troops and garrison Beizhong. That night Left Vice Director Erzhu Shilong and Rong's wife, the Princess of Xiangjun, led Rong's troops out through the Xiyang Gate and encamped at Heyin. On jihai day they attacked Heqiao, captured Yi and the others, and slaughtered them. They seized Beizhong City and pressed south toward the capital. In the tenth month of winter, on guimao, the first day of the month, Court Grandee Bao Ju was enfeoffed as Prince of Nanyang; Xiu, Duke of Ruyang, as Prince of Pingyang; Yan, Earl of Xinyang, as Prince of Changle; and Chang, Duke of Langye, as Prince of Taiyuan. On jiachen day Prince of Wei Yuan Chen was transferred and enfeoffed as Prince of Zhao; Chen's nephew Xuan, Prince of Zhao, was made Prince of Pingchang. On wushen day a prince was born, and a general amnesty was proclaimed. On yimao day Palace Attendant Li Miao burned Heqiao with fire ships, and Erzhu Shilong retreated. On renshen day Shilong halted at Gaodu in Jianxing; Erzhu Zhao came from Jinyang to join him, and together they installed Prince of Changguang Ye as ruler. A general amnesty was proclaimed in their territory, with the era name Jianming.
8
徐州刺史爾朱仲遠反,率眾向京師。 十一月乙亥,以司徒長孫承業為太尉,以臨淮王彧為司徒。 丙子,進雍州刺史、廣宗郡公爾朱天光爵為王。 十二月甲辰,爾朱兆、爾朱度律自富平津上,率騎涉度以襲京城。 事出倉卒,禁衛不守。 帝步出雲龍門。
Erzhu Zhongyuan, Regional Inspector of Xuzhou, rebelled and led troops toward the capital. On yihai in the eleventh month Minister over the Masses Changsun Chengye was made Grand Commandant, and Prince of Huaiyang Yu was made Minister over the Masses. On bingzi day Erzhu Tianguang, Regional Inspector of Yongzhou and Duke of Guangzong, was advanced to princely rank. On jiachen in the twelfth month Erzhu Zhao and Erzhu Dulü crossed from Fuping Ford and led horsemen wading the ford to strike the capital. The affair came suddenly, and the palace guard could not hold. The Emperor walked out through the Gate of Cloud Dragon.
9
兆逼帝幸永寧寺,殺皇子。 亂兵殺司徒臨淮王彧、左僕射范陽王誨。 戊申,爾朱度律自鎮京師。 甲寅,爾朱兆遷帝於晉陽。 甲子,帝遇弒於城內三級佛寺,時年二十四。 並害陳留王寬。 中興二年,廢帝奉謚為武懷皇帝。 及孝武立,又以廟諱故,改謚孝莊皇帝,廟號敬宗。 葬靜陵。
Zhao compelled the Emperor to go to Yongning Monastery and killed the princes. In the disorder troops killed Minister over the Masses and Prince of Huaiyang Yu and Left Vice Director and Prince of Fanyang Hui. On wushen day Erzhu Dulü garrisoned the capital from his post. On jiayin day Erzhu Zhao moved the Emperor to Jinyang. On jiazi day the Emperor was assassinated in the Three-Tier Buddhist Monastery within the city, aged twenty-four. Prince of Chenliu Kuan was also killed. In the second year of Zhongxing the Deposed Emperor posthumously honored him as Emperor Wuhuai. When Emperor Xiaowu acceded, because of taboo on the temple name, the posthumous title was changed to Emperor Xiaozhuang, with temple name Jingzong. He was buried at Jingling.
10
節閔帝
Emperor Jiemin.
11
節閔皇帝諱恭,字修業,廣陵惠王羽之子也。 母曰王氏。 帝少有誌度,事祖母、嫡母以孝聞。 正始中,襲爵。 位給事黃門侍郎。 帝以元叉擅權,托稱喑病,絕言垂一紀。 居於龍花佛寺,無所交通。 永安末,有白莊帝,言帝不語,將有異圖。 人間遊聲,又云常有天子氣。 帝懼禍,遂逃匿上洛。 尋見追躡,送京師,拘禁多日,以無狀獲免。 及莊帝崩,爾朱世隆等以元曄疏遠,又非人望所推,以帝有過人之量,將謀廢立。 恐實不語,乃令帝所親申意,兼迫脅。 帝曰:「天何言哉。」 世隆等大悅。 及元曄至邙南,世隆等奉帝東郭外,行禪讓禮。 太尉爾朱度律奉路車,進璽紱。
Emperor Jiemin, taboo name Gong, style name Xiuye, was a son of Prince of Guangling Hui. His mother was Lady Wang. In youth the Emperor had resolve and measure; he was known for filial service to his grandmother and principal mother. In the Zhengshi era he inherited the enfeoffment. He held the post of Attendant Gentleman at the Yellow Gate. Because Yuan Cha monopolized power, the Emperor feigned muteness and illness and ceased speech for nearly twelve years. He dwelt at Longhua Buddhist Monastery and had no social dealings. At the end of Yongan someone reported to Emperor Zhuang, saying the Emperor did not speak and harbored unusual designs. Rumors among the people also said that imperial aura was often seen about him. Fearing disaster, he fled and hid at Shangluo. Soon he was pursued and captured, sent to the capital, and detained many days before being released for lack of evidence. When Emperor Zhuang died, Erzhu Shilong and others, because Yuan Ye was remote in kinship and not what men looked to, considered the Emperor's surpassing capacity and planned to depose and install. Fearing he truly did not speak, they had those close to him convey their intent and also applied coercion. The Emperor said: "Heaven—what does it say? Shilong and the others were greatly pleased. When Yuan Ye reached the southern slope of Mount Mang, Shilong and others received the Emperor outside the eastern gate and performed the ceremony of yielding the throne. Grand Commandant Erzhu Dulü presented the imperial carriage and advanced the seal and cord.
12
服袞冕,百官侍衛,入自建春、雲龍門。
He donned the imperial robes and cap; officials attended in guard; he entered through the Jianchun and Cloud Dragon gates.
13
三月癸酉,封長廣王曄為東海王。 以青州刺史、魯郡王肅為太師。 沛郡王欣為太傅、司州牧,改封淮陽王。 以徐州刺史彭城王爾朱仲遠、雍州刺史隴西王爾朱天光並為大將軍。 以柱國大將軍。 并州刺史、潁川王爾朱兆為天柱大將軍。 封晉州刺史、平陽郡公高歡為勃海王。 以特進、清河王亶為太傅。 以尚書令、樂平王爾朱世隆為太保。 以趙郡王諶為司空。 丙申,定州刺史侯深破劉靈助於安國城。 斬之,傳首京師。
In the third month, on guiyou day Prince of Changguang Ye was enfeoffed as Prince of Donghai. Prince of Lu Yuan Su, Regional Inspector of Qing, was made Grand Preceptor. Prince of Pei Xin was made Grand Tutor and Governor of Sizhou, and his title was changed to Prince of Huaiyang. Erzhu Zhongyuan, Regional Inspector of Xuzhou and Prince of Pengcheng, and Erzhu Tianguang, Regional Inspector of Yongzhou and Prince of Longxi, were both made Grand Generals. Pillar of State Grand General. Erzhu Zhao, Regional Inspector of Bing and Prince of Yingchuan, was made Pillar of Heaven Grand General. Gao Huan, Regional Inspector of Jin and Duke of Pingyang, was enfeoffed as Prince of Bohai. Prince of Qinghe Xuan was made Grand Tutor as Special Advance. Erzhu Shilong, Director of the Department of State Affairs and Prince of Leping, was made Grand Guardian. Prince of Zhao Yuan Chen was made Minister of Works. On bingshen day Hou Shen, Regional Inspector of Ding, defeated Liu Lingzhu at Anguo City. He beheaded him and sent his head to the capital.
14
夏四月壬子,享太廟。 癸亥,隴西王爾朱天光破宿勤明達。 禽送京師,斬之。 丙寅,以侍中爾朱彥伯為司徒。 詔有司不得復稱偽梁。 罷細作之條,無禁鄰國還往。 五月丙子,爾朱仲遠使其都督魏僧勖等討崔祖螭於東陽,斬之。 六月己亥朔,日有蝕之。
In the fourth month of summer, on renzi day the Emperor offered sacrifice at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On guihai day Prince of Longxi Erzhu Tianguang defeated Su Qinmingda. He captured him and sent him to the capital, where he was beheaded. On bingyin day Erzhu Yanbo, Palace Attendant, was made Minister over the Masses. An edict ordered the authorities not again to call Liang false. Regulations on fine craftsmanship were abolished, and neighboring states were not forbidden to come and go. On bingzi in the fifth month Erzhu Zhongyuan had his Area Commander Wei Sengxu and others campaign against Cui Zuchi at Dongyang and behead him. On jihai, the first day of the sixth month, there was an eclipse of the sun.
15
庚申,勃海王高歡起兵信都,以誅爾朱氏為名。 秋七月壬申,爾朱世隆等害前太保楊椿、前司空楊津。 丙戌,司徒爾朱彥伯以旱遜位。 九月,以彭城王爾朱仲遠為太宰。 庚辰,以隴西王爾朱天光為大司馬。 癸巳,追尊皇考為先帝,皇妣王氏為先太妃。 封皇弟永業為高密王,皇子子恕為勃海王。 冬十月壬寅,高歡推勃海太守元朗即皇帝位於信都。
On gengshen day Prince of Bohai Gao Huan raised troops at Xindu in the name of executing the Erzhu clan. In the seventh month of autumn, on renshen day Erzhu Shilong and others killed former Grand Guardian Yang Chun and former Minister of Works Yang Jin. On bingxu day Minister over the Masses Erzhu Yanbo resigned his post because of drought. In the ninth month Prince of Pengcheng Erzhu Zhongyuan was made Grand Preceptor. On gengchen day Prince of Longxi Erzhu Tianguang was made Grand Marshal. On guisi day the late Emperor, the Emperor's father, was posthumously honored as Former Emperor, and Lady Wang, the Emperor's mother, as Former Grand Consort. The Emperor's younger brother Yongye was enfeoffed as Prince of Gaomi, and the prince's son Zishu as Prince of Bohai. In the tenth month of winter, on renyin day Gao Huan installed Yuan Lang, Regional Administrator of Bohai, as emperor at Xindu.
16
二年春閏二月,高歡敗爾朱天光等於韓陵。 夏四月辛巳,高歡與廢帝至芒山。
In the intercalary second month of spring in the second year Gao Huan defeated Erzhu Tianguang and others at Hanling. In the fourth month of summer, on xinsi day Gao Huan and the Deposed Emperor came to Mount Mang.
17
使魏蘭根慰喻洛邑,且觀帝之為人。 蘭根忌帝雅德,還致毀謗,竟從崔陵議,廢帝於崇訓佛寺。 而立平陽王修,是為孝武帝。 帝既失位,乃賦詩曰:「朱門久可患,紫極非情玩。 顛覆立可待,一年三易換。 時運正如此,唯有修真觀。」 五月丙申,帝遇弒,殂於門下外省,時年三十五。 孝武帝詔百司赴會,葬用王禮。 加九旒、鑾輅、黃屋、左纛,班劍百二十人。 後西魏追謚節閔皇帝。
He sent Wei Langen to comfort and instruct Luoyang and observe the Emperor's character. Langen resented the Emperor's refined virtue; on his return he slandered him, and in the end, following Cui Ling's counsel, the Emperor was deposed at Chongxun Buddhist Monastery. Prince of Pingyang Xiu was then installed, and he is known as Emperor Xiaowu. Having lost the throne, the Emperor then composed a poem: "The vermilion gate has long been a source of trouble; the purple apex is no object of fond play. Overthrow and enthronement may be awaited at once; thrice in a year the ruler is changed. When the times run thus, there is only cultivating the true and contemplating. On bingshen in the fifth month the Emperor was assassinated; he died in the outer quarters of the Gate Department, aged thirty-five. Emperor Xiaowu ordered all offices to attend the funeral and buried him with princely rites. Nine tassels, imperial carriage, yellow canopy, left great banner, and a guard of one hundred twenty swordbearers were added. Later Western Wei posthumously honored him as Emperor Jiemin.
18
廢帝朗
The Deposed Emperor Lang.
19
廢帝諱朗字仲哲,章武王融第三子也。 母曰程氏。 帝少稱明悟。 元曄建明二年正月戊子,為勃海太守。 普泰元年十月,勃海王高歡奉帝以主號令。
The Deposed Emperor, taboo name Lang, style name Zhongzhe, was the third son of Prince of Zhangwu Rong. His mother was Lady Cheng. In youth the Emperor was said to be bright and perceptive. In the first month of the second year of Jianming, on wuzi day he was made Regional Administrator of Bohai. In the tenth month of the first year of Putai Prince of Bohai Gao Huan received the Emperor to hold the imperial title and issue orders.
20
中興元年冬十月壬寅,皇帝即位於信都西。 大赦,改普泰元年為中興。 以勃海王高歡為丞相,都督中外諸軍事。 以河北大使高幹為司空。 辛亥,高歡大破爾朱兆於廣阿。 十一月,梁將元樹入據譙城。
In the tenth month of winter of the first year of Zhongxing, on renyin day the Emperor took the throne west of Xindu. A general amnesty was proclaimed, and the first year of Putai was changed to Zhongxing. Prince of Bohai Gao Huan was made Chancellor and Area Commander of all military affairs within and without. Gao Gan, Grand Ambassador of Hebei, was appointed Minister of Works. On xinhai day Gao Huan inflicted a great defeat on Erzhu Zhao at Guang'a. In the eleventh month Liang General Yuan Shu entered and seized Qiao City.
21
二年春二月甲子,以勃海王高歡為大丞相、柱國大將軍、太師。 及歡敗爾朱氏於韓陵,四月辛巳,帝於河陽遜位於別邸。 五月,孝武封帝為安定郡王。 十一月,殂於門下外省。 時年二十。 永熙二年,葬於鄴西南野馬崗。
In the second month of spring in the second year, on jiazi day Prince of Bohai Gao Huan was made Grand Chancellor, Pillar of State Grand General, and Grand Preceptor. When Huan defeated the Erzhu clan at Hanling, on xinsi in the fourth month the Emperor yielded the throne at a separate residence in Heyang. In the fifth month Emperor Xiaowu enfeoffed him as Prince of Anding. In the eleventh month he died in the outer quarters of the Gate Department. He was aged twenty. In the second year of Yongxi he was buried at Yema Hill southwest of Ye.
22
孝武帝
Emperor Xiaowu.
23
孝武皇帝諱修,字孝則,廣平武穆王懷之第三子也。 母曰李氏。 帝性沈厚,學涉,好武事,遍體有鱗文。 年十八,封汝陽縣公。 夢人有從諱謂己曰:「汝當大貴,得二十五年。」 永安三年,封平陽王。 普泰中,為侍中、尚書左僕射。
Emperor Xiaowu, taboo name Xiu, style name Xiaozi, was the third son of Prince of Guangping Wumu Huai. His mother was Lady Li. The Emperor was deep and steady in nature, learned and widely read, fond of martial affairs, and had scale patterns over his entire body. At eighteen he was enfeoffed as Duke of Ruyang. In a dream someone addressed him by taboo and said: "You will attain great honor and receive twenty-five years. In the third year of Yongan he was enfeoffed as Prince of Pingyang. In the Putai era he was Palace Attendant and Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs.
24
中興二年,高歡既敗爾朱氏,廢帝自以疏遠,請遜大位。 歡乃與百寮議。 以孝文不可無後,時召汝南王悅於梁。 至,將立之,宿昔而止。 又諸王皆逃匿,帝在田舍。 先是,嵩山道士潘彌望見洛陽城西有天子氣,候之乃帝也。 於是造第密言之。
In the second year of Zhongxing, after Gao Huan had defeated the Erzhu clan, the Deposed Emperor, considering himself remote in kinship, requested to yield the great throne. Huan then deliberated with the hundred officials. Because Emperor Xiaowen could not be without posterity, at the time Prince of Runan Yue was summoned from Liang. When he arrived, they were about to install him, but stopped after a night's consideration. The other princes had all fled and hidden; the Emperor was in a farmstead. Earlier the Mount Song Daoist Pan Miwang had seen imperial aura west of Luoyang city; on watching, it proved to be the Emperor. Thereupon he built a residence and spoke of it in secret.
25
居五旬而高歡使斛斯椿求帝。 椿從帝所親王思政見帝。 帝變色曰:「非賣我耶?」
After fifty days Gao Huan sent Husu Chun to seek the Emperor. Chun met the Emperor through his intimate Wang Sizheng. The Emperor changed color and said: "Are you not selling me?"
26
椿遂以白歡。 歡遣四百騎奉迎帝入氈帳,陳誠,泣下沾襟。 讓以寡德。 歡再拜,帝亦拜。 歡出,備服御,進湯沐。 達夜嚴警。 昧爽,文武執鞭以朝。 使斛斯椿奉勸進表。 椿入帷門,罄折延首而不敢前。 帝令思政取表,曰:「視,便不得不稱朕矣。」
Chun reported this to Huan. Huan sent four hundred horsemen to receive the Emperor into a felt tent, expressed sincerity, and wept until his lapels were wet. He yielded because of meager virtue. Huan bowed twice; the Emperor also bowed. Huan went out, prepared robes and regalia, and presented bath and toilet. Through the night strict guard was kept. At dawn civil and military officials held whips to attend court. Husu Chun was sent to present the memorial urging accession. Chun entered the tent door, bowed with full bend and extended neck, yet did not dare advance. The Emperor ordered Sizheng to take the memorial and said: "Look—it cannot but call me Emperor now."
27
於是假廢帝安定王詔策而禪位焉。 即位於東郭之外。 用代都舊制,以黑氈蒙七人,歡居其一。 帝於氈上西向拜天訖,自東陽、雲龍門入。
Thereupon, using the Deposed Emperor's edict and investiture document as Prince of Anding, he received the yielded throne. He took the throne outside the eastern gate. Following the old regulations of the capital in Dai, seven men were covered with black felt, Huan occupying one place. When the Emperor on the felt had finished bowing west to Heaven, he entered through the Dongyang and Cloud Dragon gates.
28
永熙元年夏四月戊子,皇帝御太極前殿,群臣朝賀。 禮畢,升閶闔門大赦。 改中興二年為太昌元年。 壬辰,高歡還鄴。 五月丙申,節閔帝殂。 以太傅、淮陽王欣為太師,改封沛郡王。 以司徒、趙郡王諶為太保。 以司空、南陽王寶炬為太尉。 以太保長孫承業為太傅。 辛丑,復前司空高乾位。 己酉,以儀同三司、清河王亶為司徒。 乙卯,內外解嚴。 六月癸亥朔,帝於華林園納訟。 丁卯,南陽王寶炬坐事,降為驃騎大將軍,開府,以王歸第。 己卯,臨顯陽殿納訟。 丙戌,詔曰:「間者,凶權誕恣,法令變常,遂立夷貊輕賦,冀收天下之意。 隨以箕斂之重,終納十倍之征,掩目捕雀,何能過此! 今歲租調,且兩收一丐,明年復舊。」 秋七月庚子,以南陽王寶炬為太尉。 乙卯,帝臨顯陽殿,親理冤獄。 是月,東南道大行臺樊子鵠大破梁軍於譙城,禽其將元樹。 八月丁卯,封西中郎將元寧為高平王。 九月癸卯,進燕郡公賀拔允爵為王。 癸丑,改封沛郡王欣為廣陵王; 節閔子勃海王子恕為沛郡王。 冬十月辛酉朔,日有蝕之。 十一月丁酉,祀圓丘。 甲辰,殺安定王朗及東海王曄。 己酉,以汝南王悅為侍中、大司馬,開府。 葬太后胡氏。 十二月丁亥,殺大司馬、汝南王悅。 大赦,改元為永興。 以同明元時年號,尋改為永熙。 是歲,蠕蠕、嚈噠、高麗、契丹、庫莫奚、高昌等國並遣使朝貢。
In the fourth month of summer of the first year of Yongxi, on wuzi day the Emperor took seat in the Hall before the Supreme Ultimate; officials paid homage in congratulation. When the rites were complete, he ascended the Gate of Opening the Gate to All Directions and proclaimed a general amnesty. The second year of Zhongxing was changed to the first year of Taichang. On renchen day Gao Huan returned to Ye. On bingshen in the fifth month Emperor Jiemin died. Grand Tutor and Prince of Huaiyang Xin was made Grand Preceptor, and his title was changed to Prince of Guangling. Minister over the Masses and Prince of Zhao Yuan Chen was made Grand Guardian. Grand Commandant and Prince of Nanyang Bao Ju was made Grand Commandant. Grand Guardian Changsun Chengye was made Grand Tutor. On xinchou day former Minister of Works Gao Gan was restored to his post. On jiyou day Prince of Qinghe Xuan, Commissioner Equal to the Third Rank, was made Minister over the Masses. On yimao day martial law was lifted within and without. On guihai, the first day of the sixth month, the Emperor heard lawsuits in the Hualin Garden. On dingmao day Prince of Nanyang Bao Ju, because of an offense, was reduced to General of Agile Cavalry with an opening office and returned to his residence as prince. On jimao day he came to the Hall of Illuminated Yang to hear lawsuits. On bingxu day an edict said: "Recently vicious power was born and ran wild; laws and regulations were changed from the norm; then light levies on barbarian peoples were set up, hoping to win the hearts of all under Heaven. This was followed by heavy exactions, and in the end a tenfold levy was collected—covering the eyes to catch sparrows: what could surpass this! This year's land tax and corvée shall for now be collected at half rate once; next year the old rate shall be restored. In the seventh month of autumn, on gengzi day Prince of Nanyang Bao Ju was made Grand Commandant. On yimao day the Emperor came to the Hall of Illuminated Yang and personally judged wrongful imprisonments. That month Fan Zihong, Grand Ambassador of the Southeastern Circuit, inflicted a great defeat on the Liang army at Qiao City and captured their general Yuan Shu. On dingmao in the eighth month Western Gentlemen-General Yuan Ning was enfeoffed as Prince of Gaoping. On guimao day Duke of Yancheng Heba Yun was advanced to princely rank. On guichou day Prince of Pei Xin was transferred and enfeoffed as Prince of Guangling; Zishu, son of Jiemin and Prince of Bohai, was made Prince of Pei. On xinyou, the first day of the tenth month of winter, there was an eclipse of the sun. On dingyou in the eleventh month sacrifice was offered at the Circular Mound. On jiachen day Prince of Anding Lang and Prince of Donghai Ye were killed. On jiyou day Prince of Runan Yue was made Palace Attendant and Grand Marshal with an opening office. Empress Dowager Hu was buried. On dinghai in the twelfth month Grand Marshal and Prince of Runan Yue was killed. A general amnesty was proclaimed, and the era name was changed to Yongxing. Because it was the same as an era name of Emperor Mingyuan, it was soon changed to Yongxi. That year Rouran, Yanda, Goguryeo, Khitan, Kumo Xi, Gaochang, and other states all sent envoys to pay tribute.
29
三年春二月壬戌,大赦。 壬午,封左衛將軍元斌之為潁川王。 夏四月癸丑朔,日有蝕之。 辛未,高平王寧坐事降爵為公。 五月丙戌,置勛府庶子,箱別六百人; 騎官,箱別二百人; 閣內部曲,數千人。 帝內圖高歡,乃以斛斯椿為領軍,使與王思政等統之,以為心膂。 軍謀朝政,咸決於椿。 分置督將及河南、關西諸刺史。 辛卯,下詔戒嚴,楊聲伐梁,實謀北討。 是夏,契丹、高麗、吐谷渾並遣使朝貢。 秋七月己丑,帝親總六軍十餘萬,次河橋。 高歡引軍東渡。 丙午,帝率南陽王寶炬、清河王亶、廣陽王湛、斛斯椿以五千騎宿於瀍西楊王別舍。 沙門都維那惠臻負璽持千牛刀以從。 有牛百頭,盡殺以食軍士。 眾知帝將出,其夜亡者過半。 清河、廣陽二王亦逃歸。 略陽公宇文泰遣都督駱超、李賢和各領數百騎赴。 駱超先至。 甲戌,賢和會帝於崤中。 己酉,高歡入洛,遣婁昭及河南尹元子思領左右侍官追帝,請回駕。 高昂率勁騎及帝於陜西。 帝鞭馬長騖至湖城,饑渴甚,有王思村人以麥飯壺漿獻帝。 帝甘之,復一村十年。 是歲二月,熒惑入南斗,眾星北流,群鼠浮河向鄴。 梁武跣而下殿,以禳星變。 及聞帝之西,慚曰:「虜亦應天乎?」 帝至稠桑,潼關大都督毛洪賓迎獻食。 八月,宇文泰遣大都督趙貴、梁禦甲騎二千來赴,乃奉迎。
In the second month of spring in the third year, on renxu day a general amnesty was proclaimed. On renwu day Left Guard General Yuan Binzhi was enfeoffed as Prince of Yingchuan. On guichou, the first day of the fourth month of summer, there was an eclipse of the sun. On xinwei day Prince of Gaoping Ning, because of an offense, was reduced in noble rank to duke. On bingxu in the fifth month merit-office subordinates were established, six hundred men per squad; cavalry officers, two hundred men per squad; and inner-palace troops, several thousand men. The Emperor inwardly plotted against Gao Huan; he therefore made Husu Chun Commandant of the Guard and had him together with Wang Sizheng and others command them as his inner strength. Military plans and court government were all decided by Chun. Area commanders and regional inspectors of Henan, Guanxi, and other circuits were separately appointed. On xinmao day an edict proclaimed martial alert, publicly announcing a campaign against Liang while actually plotting a northern expedition. That summer Khitan, Goguryeo, and Tuyuhun all sent envoys to pay tribute. In the seventh month of autumn, on jichou day the Emperor personally commanded more than one hundred thousand of the Six Armies and halted at Heqiao. Gao Huan led his army east across the river. On bingwu day the Emperor led Prince of Nanyang Bao Ju, Prince of Qinghe Xuan, Prince of Guangyang Zhan, and Husu Chun with five thousand horsemen to lodge at the Yang Prince's separate residence west of the Chan. The chief monk Huizhen of the Buddhist order carried the seal and held the thousand-ox knife in attendance. There were one hundred oxen; all were killed to feed the troops. The masses knew the Emperor was about to depart; that night more than half fled. The Princes of Qinghe and Guangyang also fled back. Duke of Lueyang Yuwen Tai sent Area Commanders Luo Chao and Li Xianhe, each leading several hundred horsemen, to come to his aid. Luo Chao arrived first. On jiaxu day Xianhe joined the Emperor in the center of the passes. On jiyou day Gao Huan entered Luoyang and sent Lou Zhao and Regional Administrator of Henan Yuan Zisi to lead the attendants in pursuit of the Emperor and request his return. Gao Ang led crack horsemen and caught up with the Emperor west of Shan. The Emperor whipped his horse in a long gallop to Hucheng; he was very hungry and thirsty, and a man of Wangsi village presented the Emperor with wheat meal and pot liquor. The Emperor found it sweet and remitted one village's taxes for ten years. That year in the second month Mars entered the Southern Dipper, the host of stars flowed north, and rats in droves floated on the river toward Ye. Emperor Wu of Liang went barefoot down from the hall to perform rites against the stellar omen. When he heard the Emperor had gone west, he said in shame: "Do the barbarians also respond to Heaven? The Emperor reached Chousang; Mao Hongbin, Area Commander of Tong Pass, came to welcome him and presented food. In the eighth month Yuwen Tai sent Area Commanders Zhao Gui and Liang Yu with two thousand armored horsemen to come to his aid, and they received the Emperor.
30
帝過河謂禦曰:「此水東流而朕西上,若得重謁洛陽廟,是卿等功也。」 帝及左右皆流涕。 宇文泰迎帝於東陽,帝勞之,將士皆呼萬歲。 遂入長安。 以雍州公廨為宮,大赦。 甲寅,高歡推司徒、清河王亶為大司馬,承制總萬機,居尚書省。 歡追車駕至潼關。 九月己酉,歡東還洛陽。 帝親督眾攻潼關,斬其行臺華長瑜,又克華州。
Crossing the river the Emperor said to Yu: "This water flows east while I go west; if I can again worship at the Luoyang temples, it will be your achievement. The Emperor and those about him all wept. Yuwen Tai received the Emperor at Dongyang; the Emperor comforted him, and officers and soldiers all shouted ten thousand years. He then entered Chang'an. The Yongzhou public offices were made the palace, and a general amnesty was proclaimed. On jiayin day Gao Huan installed Minister over the Masses and Prince of Qinghe Xuan as Grand Marshal, holding the imperial seal and directing all affairs, residing in the Department of State Affairs. Huan pursued the imperial carriage to Tong Pass. In the ninth month, on jiyou day Huan returned east to Luoyang. The Emperor personally directed the masses in attacking Tong Pass, beheaded Mobile Secretariat Commander Hua Changyu, and also took Hua Province.
31
其冬十月,高歡推清河王亶子善見為主,徙都鄴,是為東魏。 魏於此始分為二。
That winter in the tenth month Gao Huan installed Shan Jian, son of Prince of Qinghe Xuan, as ruler, moved the capital to Ye, and this is known as Eastern Wei. From this Wei began to be divided in two.
32
帝之在洛也,從妹不嫁者三:一曰平原公主明月,南陽王同產也; 二曰安德公主,清河王懌女也; 三曰蒺藜,亦封公主。 帝內宴,命諸婦人詠詩。 或詠鮑照樂府曰:「朱門九重門九閨,願逐明月入君懷。」 帝既以明月入關。 蒺藜自縊。 宇文泰使元氏諸王取明月殺之。 帝不悅,或時彎弓,或時推案,君臣由此不安平。 閏十二月癸巳,潘彌奏言:「今日當慎有急兵。」 其夜,帝在逍遙園宴阿至羅,顧侍臣曰:「此處仿佛華林園,使人聊增淒怨。」 命取所乘波斯騮馬,使南陽王躍之。 將攀鞍,蹶而死,帝惡之。 日晏還宮,至後門,馬驚不前,鞭打入。 謂潘彌曰:「今日幸無他不?」 彌曰:「過夜半則大吉。」 須臾,帝飲酒,遇鴆而崩,時年二十五。 謚曰孝武。 殯於草堂佛寺。 十餘年乃葬雲陵。 始宣武、孝明間謠曰:「狐非狐,貉非貉,焦梨狗子嚙斷索。」 識者以為索謂本索髮,焦梨狗子指宇文泰,俗謂之黑獺也。
While the Emperor was at Luoyang, three younger cousins by the female line remained unmarried: first, Princess of Pingyuan Mingyue, born of the same mother as Prince of Nanyang; second, Princess of Ande, daughter of Prince of Qinghe Yi; third, Jili, who was also enfeoffed as princess. At an inner banquet the Emperor ordered the women to compose poems. Some quoted Bao Zhao's yuefu: "Vermilion gates, ninefold gates and ninefold inner quarters—I wish to follow the bright moon into my lord's bosom. The Emperor had already taken Mingyue west through the passes. Jili hanged herself. Yuwen Tai had princes of the Yuan clan take Mingyue and kill her. The Emperor was displeased; at times he would bend his bow, at times push aside his desk; from this lord and ministers were no longer at ease. In the intercalary twelfth month, on guisi day Pan Mi memorialized: "Today one must beware of sudden troops. That night the Emperor feasted with the Azhiluo at the Leisure Garden; he turned to his attendants and said: "This place resembles the Hualin Garden and briefly adds to one's grief." He ordered his Persian bay horse brought and had Prince of Nanyang leap it. About to mount, it stumbled and died; the Emperor took this as ill omen. At dusk he returned to the palace; at the rear gate the horse started and would not advance; he whipped it in. He said to Pan Mi: "Today fortunately nothing else happened? Mi said: "Past midnight will be greatly auspicious." Shortly after, the Emperor drank wine and met poison and died, aged twenty-five. His posthumous title is Xiaowu. He was laid in state at Caotang Buddhist Monastery. Only after more than ten years was he buried at Yunling. In the time of Emperor Xuanwu and Emperor Xiaoming there was a rhyme: "Fox yet not fox, badger yet not badger—the scorched-pear dog gnaws through the cord. Those who understood said the cord meant the original cord of hair, and the scorched-pear dog pointed to Yuwen Tai, commonly called the black otter.
33
文皇帝諱寶炬,孝文皇帝之孫,京兆王愉之子也。 母曰楊氏。 帝正始初坐父愉罪,兄弟皆幽宗正寺。 及宣武崩,乃得雪。 正光中,拜直閣將軍。 時胡太后多嬖寵,帝與明帝謀誅之。 事泄,免官。 武泰中,封邵縣侯。 永安三年,進封南陽王。 孝武即位,拜太尉,加侍中。 永熙二年,進位太保、開府、尚書令。 三年,孝武與高歡構難,以帝為中軍四面大都督。 及從入關,拜太宰、錄尚書事。 孝武崩,丞相、略陽公宇文泰率群公卿士奉表勸進,三讓乃許焉。
Emperor Wen, taboo name Bao Ju, was a grandson of Emperor Xiaowen and son of Prince of Jingzhao Yu. His mother was Lady Yang. At the beginning of Zhengshi the Emperor sat under his father Yu's crime; he and his brothers were all confined in the Temple of the Imperial Clan. When Emperor Xuanwu died, they were cleared. In the Zhengguang era he was appointed Direct Attendant General. At the time Empress Dowager Hu had many favorites; the Emperor with Emperor Ming plotted to execute her. The affair leaked and he was dismissed from office. In Wutai he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Shao. In the third year of Yongan he was advanced to Prince of Nanyang. When Emperor Xiaowu acceded he was appointed Grand Commandant and added as Palace Attendant. In the second year of Yongxi he was advanced to Grand Guardian, opening office, and Director of the Department of State Affairs. In the third year, when Emperor Xiaowu and Gao Huan came into conflict, the Emperor was made Area Commander of the Center Army on all four sides. When he followed into Guan, he was appointed Grand Preceptor and Recorder of the Department of State Affairs. When Emperor Xiaowu died, Chancellor Duke of Lueyang Yuwen Tai led the lords and ministers in presenting a memorial urging accession; after three refusals he consented.
34
大統元年春正月戊申,皇帝即位於城西,大赦,改元。 追尊皇考為文景皇帝,皇妣楊氏為皇后。 己酉,進丞相、略陽公宇文泰都督中外諸軍、錄尚書事、大行臺,改封安定郡公。 以尚書令斛斯椿為太保,廣平王贊為司徒。 乙卯,立妃乙氏為皇后,立皇子欽為皇太子。 甲子,以廣陵王欣為太傅,以儀同三司万俟壽樂幹為司空。 東魏將侯景攻陷荊州。 二月,前南青州刺史大野拔斬兗州刺史樊子鵠,以州降東魏。
In the first month of spring of the first year of Datong, on wushen day the Emperor took the throne west of the city, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era name. The late Emperor, the Emperor's father, was posthumously honored as Emperor Wenjing; Lady Yang, the Emperor's mother, as Empress. On jiyou day Chancellor Duke of Lueyang Yuwen Tai was advanced to Area Commander of all armies within and without, Recorder of the Department of State Affairs, and Grand Mobile Secretariat, and his enfeoffment was changed to Duke of Anding. Director of the Department of State Affairs Husu Chun was made Grand Guardian; Prince of Guangping Zan was made Minister over the Masses. On yimao day Consort Yi was established as Empress and the prince Qin as crown prince. On jiazi day Prince of Guangling Xin was made Grand Tutor; Wan Qishoulegan, Commissioner Equal to the Third Rank, was made Minister of Works. Eastern Wei General Hou Jing attacked and took Jing Province. In the second month former Southern Qing Regional Inspector Daye Ba beheaded Yan Regional Inspector Fan Zihong and surrendered the province to Eastern Wei.
35
夏五月,降罪人。 加安定公宇文泰位柱國。 秋七月,以開府儀同三司念賢為太尉,以司空万俟壽樂幹為司徒; 以開府儀同三司越勒肱為司空。 梁州刺史元羅以州降梁。
In the fifth month of summer, criminals were pardoned to lower degrees. Duke of Anding Yuwen Tai was advanced to Pillar of State. In the seventh month of autumn Nianxian, Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank, was made Grand Commandant; Wan Qishoulegan, Minister of Works, was made Minister over the Masses; and Yuelegu, Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank, was made Minister of Works. Yuan Luo, Regional Inspector of Liang, surrendered the province to Liang.
36
九月,有司詔煎禦香澤,須錢萬貫。 帝以軍旅在外,停之。 冬十月,太師、上黨王長孫承業薨。 十二月,以太尉念賢為太傅,以河州刺史梁景睿為太尉。
In the ninth month the authorities were ordered to decoct imperial fragrant ointment, requiring ten thousand strings of cash. The Emperor, because armies were abroad, halted it. In the tenth month of winter Grand Preceptor and Prince of Shangdang Changsun Chengye died. In the twelfth month Grand Commandant Nianxian was made Grand Tutor; Liang Jingrui, Regional Inspector of He, was made Grand Commandant.
37
三年春二月,槐里獲神璽,大赦。 夏四月,太傅斛斯椿薨。 五月,以廣陵王欣為太宰,賀拔勝為太師。 六月,以司空、扶風王孚為太保,以太尉梁景睿為太傅,以司徒、廣平王贊為太尉,以開府儀同三司王盟為司空。 冬十月,安定公宇文泰大破東魏軍於沙苑,拜泰柱國大將軍。 十二月,司徒李叔仁自涼州通使於東魏,建昌太守賀蘭植攻斬之。
In the second month of spring in the third year a divine seal was obtained at Huaili and a general amnesty was proclaimed. In the fourth month of summer Grand Tutor Husu Chun died. In the fifth month Prince of Guangling Xin was made Grand Preceptor; Heba Sheng was made Grand Preceptor. In the sixth month Prince of Fufeng Fu, Minister of Works, was made Grand Guardian; Grand Commandant Liang Jingrui was made Grand Tutor; Prince of Guangping Zan, Minister over the Masses, was made Grand Commandant; Wang Meng, Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank, was made Minister of Works. In the tenth month of winter Duke of Anding Yuwen Tai inflicted a great defeat on the Eastern Wei army at Shayuan and was appointed Pillar of State Grand General. In the twelfth month Minister over the Masses Li Shuren sent envoys from Liangzhou to Eastern Wei; Jianchang Regional Administrator Helan Zhi attacked and beheaded him.
38
四年春正月辛酉,拜天於清暉室,終帝世遂為常。 二月,東魏攻陷南汾、潁、豫、廣四州。 廢皇后乙氏。 三月,立蠕蠕女郁久閭氏為皇后,大赦。 以司空王盟為司徒。 秋七月,東魏將侯景等圍洛陽,帝與安定公宇文泰東伐。 九月,車駕至自東伐。 以撫軍將軍梁定為南洮州刺史,安西蕃。
In the first month of spring of the fourth year, on xinyou day Heaven was worshiped in the Hall of Clear Radiance; through the Emperor's reign this became regular. In the second month Eastern Wei attacked and took the four provinces of Nanfen, Ying, Yu, and Guang. Empress Yi was deposed. In the third month a Rouran woman of the Yujiulü clan was established as Empress and a general amnesty was proclaimed. Wang Meng, Minister of Works, was made Minister over the Masses. In the seventh month of autumn Eastern Wei Generals Hou Jing and others besieged Luoyang; the Emperor with Duke of Anding Yuwen Tai campaigned east. In the ninth month the imperial carriage returned from the eastern campaign. Pacifying-Army General Liang Ding was made Regional Inspector of Southern Tao and pacified the western barbarians.
39
五年春二月,赦京城內。 夏五月,以開府儀同三司李弼為司空。 免妓樂雜役之徒,皆從編戶。 秋七月,詔自今恒以朔望親閱京師見禁囚徒。 以司空、扶風王孚為太尉。 冬十月,於陽武門外縣鼓,置紙筆,以求得失。
In the second month of spring of the fifth year those within the capital were pardoned. In the fifth month of summer Li Bi, Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank, was made Minister of Works. Courtesans, musicians, and miscellaneous corvée persons were all released to regular household registers. In the seventh month of autumn an edict ordered that from now on, on the first and fifteenth of the month, the Emperor would personally review prisoners held in the capital. Prince of Fufeng Fu, Minister of Works, was made Grand Commandant. In the tenth month of winter a drum was hung outside the Yangwu Gate and paper and brush set out to seek what was right and wrong.
40
六年春正月庚戌,朝群臣。 自西遷至此,禮樂始備。 太尉、扶風王孚薨。 二月,鑄五銖錢。 降罪人。 冬十一月,太師念賢薨。
In the first month of spring of the sixth year, on gengxu day the Emperor held court with the ministers. From the western removal until now, rites and music were first complete. Grand Commandant and Prince of Fufeng Fu died. In the second month five-zhu coins were cast. Criminals were pardoned to lower degrees. In the eleventh month of winter Grand Preceptor Nianxian died.
41
七年春二月,幽州刺史、順陽王仲景以罪賜死。 三月,夏州刺史劉平謀反,大都督於謹討禽之。 秋九月,詔班政事之法六條。 冬十一月,叛羌梁定徒黨屯於赤水城,秦州刺史獨孤信擊平之。 尚書奏班十二條制。 十二月,御憑雲觀。 引見諸王,敘家人之禮。 手詔為宗誡十條以賜之。
In the second month of spring of the seventh year Zhang Zhongjing, Regional Inspector of You and Prince of Shunyang, was granted death for a crime. In the third month Liu Ping, Regional Inspector of Xia, plotted rebellion; Area Commander Yu Jin campaigned against and captured him. In the ninth month of autumn an edict promulgated the six articles of the law of government. In the eleventh month of winter remnant Qiang followers of Liang Ding encamped at Chishui City; Dugu Xin, Regional Inspector of Qin, attacked and pacified them. The Department of State Affairs memorialized promulgating the twelve-article regulations. In the twelfth month the Emperor visited the Cloud-Reliant Observatory. He summoned the princes and observed the rites of family. By hand he drafted ten articles of clan admonition and bestowed them.
42
八年春三月,初置六軍。 夏四月,鄯善王兄鄯朱那率眾內附。 秋八月,以太尉王盟為太保。 冬十月,詔皇太子鎮河東。 十二月,行幸華州,起萬壽殿於沙苑北。
In the third month of spring of the eighth year the Six Armies were first established. In the fourth month of summer Shazhuna, elder brother of the King of Shanshan, led his masses to submit inward. In the eighth month of autumn Grand Commandant Wang Meng was made Grand Guardian. In the tenth month of winter an edict ordered the crown prince to garrison Hedong. In the twelfth month the Emperor traveled to Hua Province and built the Hall of Long Life north of Shayuan.
43
九年春正月,降罪人。 禁中外及從母兄弟姊妹為婚。 閏月,車駕至自華州。 二月,東魏北豫州刺史高仲密據武牢內附,以仲密為侍中、司徒,封勃海郡公。 秋七月,大赦。 以太保王盟為太傅,以太尉、廣平王贊為司空。 冬十二月,以司空李弼為太尉。
In the first month of spring of the ninth year criminals were pardoned to lower degrees. Marriage was forbidden within and without the court among brothers and sisters born of the same mother. In the intercalary month the imperial carriage returned from Hua Province. In the second month Gao Zhongmi, Northern Yu Regional Inspector of Eastern Wei, held Wulao and submitted inward; Zhongmi was made Palace Attendant and Minister over the Masses and enfeoffed as Duke of Bohai. In the seventh month of autumn a general amnesty was proclaimed. Grand Guardian Wang Meng was made Grand Tutor; Grand Commandant and Prince of Guangping Zan was made Minister of Works. In the twelfth month of winter Li Bi, Minister of Works, was made Grand Commandant.
44
十年春正月甲子,詔公卿已下,每月上封事三條,極言得失。 刺史二千石銅墨已上,有讜言嘉謀,勿有所諱。 夏五月,太師賀拔勝薨。 秋七月,更權衡度量。
In the first month of spring of the tenth year, on jiazi day an edict ordered dukes and ministers downward to submit three sealed memorials each month, speaking fully of gains and losses. Regional inspectors, two-thousand-bushel officials, and those bearing bronze seals and ink above them, if they had loyal words or fine plans, were not to withhold them. In the fifth month of summer Grand Preceptor Heba Sheng died. In the seventh month of autumn weights and measures were revised.
45
十一年夏五月,太傳王盟薨。 詔諸鞫大辟獄,皆命三公覆審,然後加刑。 冬,始築圓丘於城南。 封皇子儉。
In the fifth month of summer Grand Tutor Wang Meng died. An edict ordered that in all capital cases the Three Excellencies must review again before punishment was applied. In winter construction of the Circular Mound south of the city was begun. The imperial son Jian was enfeoffed.
46
十二年春二月,涼州刺史宇文仲和反,秦州刺史獨孤信討平之。 三月,鑄五銖錢。 夏五月,詔女年不滿十三以上,勿得以嫁。 秋九月,東魏勃海王高歡攻玉壁,晉州刺史韋孝寬力戰禦之。 冬十二月,歡燒營而退。
In the second month of spring of the twelfth year Yuwen Zhonghe, Regional Inspector of Liang, rebelled; Dugu Xin, Regional Inspector of Qin, campaigned and pacified him. In the third month five-zhu coins were cast. In the fifth month of summer an edict said girls not yet thirteen years of age might not be given in marriage. In the ninth month of autumn Gao Huan, Prince of Bohai of Eastern Wei, attacked Yubi; Wei Xiaokuan, Regional Inspector of Jin, fought hard to defend. In the twelfth month of winter Huan burned the camps and withdrew.
47
十四年春正月,赦潁、豫、廣、北、洛、東荊、襄等七州。 以開府儀同三司趙貴為司空。 皇孫生,大赦。 夏五月,以安定公宇文泰為太師,廣陵王欣為太傅,太尉李弼為大宗伯,前太尉趙貴為大司寇,以司空于謹為大司空。
In the first month of spring of the fourteenth year the seven provinces of Ying, Yu, Guang, Bei, Luo, Eastern Jing, and Xiang were pardoned. Zhao Gui, Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank, was made Minister of Works. An imperial grandson was born and a general amnesty was proclaimed. In the fifth month of summer Duke of Anding Yuwen Tai was made Grand Preceptor; Prince of Guangling Xin was made Grand Tutor; Grand Commandant Li Bi was made Grand Herald; former Grand Commandant Zhao Gui was made Grand Minister of Justice; Yu Jin, Minister of Works, was made Grand Minister of Works.
48
十五年己巳五月,侯景殺梁武帝。 初,詔諸代人太和中改姓者,並令復舊。 六月,東魏勃海王高澄攻陷潁川。 秋八月,盜殺東魏勃海王高澄。 冬十二月,封梁雍州剌史、岳陽王蕭察為梁王。
In the fifth month, jisi, of the fifteenth year Hou Jing killed Emperor Wu of Liang. Earlier an edict had ordered those of alien descent who had changed surnames in the Taihe era to restore the old. In the sixth month Gao Cheng, Prince of Bohai of Eastern Wei, attacked and took Yingchuan. In the eighth month of autumn bandits killed Gao Cheng, Prince of Bohai of Eastern Wei. In the twelfth month of winter Xiao Cha, Liang Regional Inspector of Yong and Prince of Yueyang, was enfeoffed as King of Liang.
49
十六年夏四月,封皇子儒為燕王,公為吳王。 五月,東魏靜帝遜位於齊。 秋七月,安定公宇文泰東伐,至恒農。 齊師不出,乃還。 九月,大赦。
In the fourth month of summer of the sixteenth year the imperial sons Ru and Gong were enfeoffed as Prince of Yan and Prince of Wu. In the fifth month the Deposed Emperor of Eastern Wei yielded the throne to Qi. In the seventh month of autumn Duke of Anding Yuwen Tai campaigned east to Hengnong. The Qi army did not come out, and he returned. In the ninth month a general amnesty was proclaimed.
50
十七年春三月庚戌,帝崩於乾安殿,時年四十五。 夏四月庚辰,葬於永陵,上謚曰文皇帝。
In the third month of spring of the seventeenth year, on gengxu day the Emperor died in the Hall of Qian'an, aged forty-five. In the fourth month of summer, on gengchen day he was buried at Yongling; his posthumous title is Emperor Wen.
51
帝性強果,始為太尉時,侍中高隆之恃勃海王高歡之黨,驕狎公卿。 因公會,帝勸酒不飲,怒而毆之。 罵曰:「鎮兵,何敢爾也!」 孝武以歡故,免帝太尉。 歸第,命羽林守衛,月餘復位。 及歡將改葬其父,朝廷追贈太師,百僚會吊者盡拜。 帝獨不屈,曰:「安有生三公而拜贈太師耶!」 及躋大位,權歸周室。 嘗登逍遙觀望嵯峨山,因謂左右曰:「望此,令人有脫屣之意。 若使朕年五十,便委政儲宮,尋山餌藥,不能一日萬機也。」 既而大運未終,竟保天祿云。
The Emperor was strong and resolute by nature. When he was first Grand Commandant, Palace Attendant Gao Longzhi, relying on the faction of Prince of Bohai Gao Huan, was arrogant toward dukes and ministers. At a public gathering the Emperor urged wine and Longzhi would not drink; enraged, the Emperor beat him. He cursed: "Garrison soldier—how dare you! Because of Huan, Emperor Xiaowu dismissed the Emperor from Grand Commandant. He returned to his residence; imperial guards were ordered; after more than a month he was restored. When Huan was about to rebury his father, the court posthumously honored him as Grand Preceptor; all officials attending the mourning bowed. The Emperor alone would not bend and said: "How can a living Three Excellency bow to a posthumous Grand Preceptor! When he ascended the great throne, power returned to the Zhou house. Once he ascended the Leisure Observatory and gazed at the lofty peaks of Cui'e; he said to those about him: "Gazing at this makes one wish to cast off one's shoes. If I reach fifty, I shall entrust the realm to the heir and seek the mountains for elixirs—I could not bear ten thousand affairs in a single day. Yet the great destiny was not ended, and in the end he preserved Heaven's mandate.
52
廢帝欽
The Deposed Emperor Qin.
53
廢帝諱欽,文皇帝之長子也。 母曰乙皇后。 大統元年正月乙卯,立為皇太子。
The Deposed Emperor, taboo name Qin, was the eldest son of Emperor Wen. His mother was Empress Yi. In the first year of Datong, first month, yimao day he was established as crown prince.
54
十七年三月,即皇帝位。 是月,梁邵陵王蕭綸侵安陸,大將軍楊忠討禽之。
In the third month of the seventeenth year he took the imperial throne. That month Xiao Lun, Prince of Shaoling of Liang, invaded Anlu; Grand General Yang Zhong campaigned and captured him.
55
元年冬十一月,梁湘東王蕭繹討侯景,禽之。 遣其舍人魏彥來告,仍嗣位於江陵。
In the eleventh month of winter of the first year Xiao Yi, Prince of Xiangdong of Liang, campaigned against Hou Jing and captured him. He sent his Retainer Wei Yan to report and then succeeded to the throne at Jiangling.
56
二年秋八月,大將軍尉遲迥克成都,劍南平。 冬十一月,安定公宇文泰殺尚書元烈。
In the eighth month of autumn of the second year Grand General Yuchi Jiong took Chengdu and Jiannan was pacified. In the eleventh month of winter Duke of Anding Yuwen Tai killed Director of the Department of State Affairs Yuan Lie.
57
三年春正月,安定公宇文泰廢帝而立齊王廓。 帝自元烈之誅,有怨言。 淮安王育、廣平王贊等並垂泣諫,帝不聽,故及於辱。
In the first month of spring of the third year Duke of Anding Yuwen Tai deposed the Emperor and installed Prince of Qi Kuo. Since Yuan Lie's execution the Emperor had had resentful words. Prince of Huai'an Yu, Prince of Guangping Zan, and others all wept and remonstrated; the Emperor would not listen, and therefore met disgrace.
58
恭皇帝諱廓,文皇之第四子也。 大統十四年,封為齊王。 廢帝三年正月,即皇帝位,改元。
Emperor Gong, taboo name Kuo, was the fourth son of Emperor Wen. In the fourteenth year of Datong he was enfeoffed as Prince of Qi. In the first month of the third year of the Deposed Emperor he took the imperial throne and changed the era name.
59
元年夏四月,蠕蠕乙旃達官寇廣武。 五月,柱國李弼追擊之,斬首數千級,收輜重而還。 冬十一月,魏師滅梁,戕梁元帝。 梁太尉王僧辯奉元帝子方智為王,承制,居建業。
In the fourth month of summer of the first year Yizhan Daguan of Rouran raided Guangwu. In the fifth month Pillar of State Li Bi pursued and beheaded several thousand; he recovered baggage trains and returned. In the eleventh month of winter the Wei army destroyed Liang and killed Emperor Yuan of Liang. Liang Grand Commandant Wang Sengbian installed Yuan Di's son Fangzhi as king, held the imperial seal, and resided at Jianye.
60
二年秋七月,梁太尉王僧辯納貞陽侯蕭明於齊,奉以為主。 梁王方智為太子。
In the seventh month of autumn of the second year Liang Grand Commandant Wang Sengbian received Marquis of Zhenyang Xiao Ming from Qi and installed him as ruler. Liang King Fangzhi was made crown prince.
61
九月,梁司空陳霸先殺僧辯,廢蕭明,復奉方智為帝。 是歲,梁廣州刺史王琳寇邊,大將軍豆盧寧帥師討之。
In the ninth month Chen Baxian, Liang Minister of Works, killed Sengbian, deposed Xiao Ming, and again received Fangzhi as emperor. That year Wang Lin, Liang Regional Inspector of Guang, raided the border; Grand General Dou Lu Ning led troops to campaign against him.
62
孝靜帝
Emperor Xiaojing.
63
東魏孝靜皇帝諱善見,清河文宣王亶之世子也。 母曰胡妃。 永熙三年八月,拜開府儀同三司。 孝武帝既入關,勃海王高歡乃與百僚會議,推帝以奉明帝之後,時年十一。
Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei, taboo name Shan Jian, was the heir of Prince of Qinghe Wenxuan Xuan. His mother was Consort Hu. In the eighth month of the third year of Yongxi he was appointed Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank. After Emperor Xiaowu entered Guan Prince of Bohai Gao Huan deliberated with the hundred officials and installed the Emperor to continue after Emperor Ming, aged eleven at the time.
64
天平元年冬十月丙寅,皇帝即位於城東北。 大赦,改元。 庚午,以太師、趙郡王諶為大司馬; 以司空、咸陽王坦為太尉; 以開府儀同三司高盛為司徒; 以開府儀同三司高昂為司空。 壬申,享太廟。 丙子,車駕北遷於鄴。 詔勃海王高歡留後部分。 改司州為洛州。 以尚書令元弼為儀同三司、洛州刺史,鎮洛陽。 十一月兗州刺史樊子鵠、南青州刺史大野拔據瑕丘反。 庚寅,車駕至鄴,居北城相州之廨。 改相州刺史為司州牧,魏郡太守為魏尹。 徙鄴舊人西徑百里,以居新遷人。 分鄴置臨漳縣。 以魏郡、林慮、廣平、陽丘、汲郡、黎陽、東濮陽、清河、廣宗等郡為皇畿。 十二月丁卯,燕郡王賀拔允薨。 庚午,詔內外戒嚴,百司悉依舊章,從容雅服,不得以務衫從事。 丙子,進侍中封隆之等五人為大使,巡喻天下。 丁丑,赦畿內。 閏月,梁以元慶和為魏王,入據平瀨鄉。 孝武崩於長安。 初置四中郎將,於礓石橋置東中,蒲泉置西中,濟北置南中,洺水置北中。
In the tenth month of winter of the first year of Tianping, on bingyin day the Emperor took the throne northeast of the city. A general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name was changed. On gengwu day Grand Preceptor and Prince of Zhao Yuan Chen was made Grand Marshal; Grand Commandant and Prince of Xianyang Tan was made Grand Commandant; Gao Sheng, Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank, was made Minister over the Masses; and Gao Ang, Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank, was made Minister of Works. On renshen day sacrifice was offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On bingzi day the imperial carriage moved north to Ye. An edict ordered Prince of Bohai Gao Huan to remain behind and hold the rear sections. Sizhou was changed to Luozhou. Yuan Bi, Director of the Department of State Affairs, was made Commissioner Equal to the Third Rank and Regional Inspector of Luo, garrisoning Luoyang. In the eleventh month Fan Zihong, Regional Inspector of Yan, and Daye Ba, former Southern Qing Regional Inspector, seized Xiaqiu in revolt. On gengyin day the imperial carriage reached Ye and resided in the offices of the Xiangzhou governor in the northern city. The Xiangzhou regional inspector was changed to Governor of Sizhou; the Wei commandery administrator was changed to Wei Yin. The old population of Ye was moved one hundred li west to house the newly moved people. From Ye, Linzhang County was established. The commanderies of Wei, Linyu, Guangping, Yangqiu, Ji, Liyang, Eastern Puyang, Qinghe, Guangzong, and others were made the imperial domain. On dingmao in the twelfth month Prince of Yancheng Heba Yun died. On gengwu day an edict imposed martial alert within and without; all offices were to follow old regulations and wear dignified dress, and might not conduct business in service jackets. On bingzi day Palace Attendant Feng Longzhi and four others were advanced as grand ambassadors to tour and instruct the realm. On dingchou day the metropolitan circuit was pardoned. In the intercalary month Liang installed Yuan Qinghe as King of Wei; he entered and seized Pingliao Township. Emperor Xiaowu died at Chang'an. The four Gentlemen-Generals of the Center were first established: Eastern Center at Qiaoshi Bridge, Western Center at Pu Spring, Southern Center at Jibei, Northern Center at Ming River.
65
二年春正月乙亥,兼尚書右僕射、東南道行臺元晏討元慶和,破走之。 二月壬午,以太尉、咸陽王坦為太傅,以司州牧、西河王悽為太尉。 己丑,前南青州刺史大野拔斬樊子鵠以降,兗州平。 戊戌,梁司州刺史陳慶之寇豫州,刺史堯雄擊走之。 三月辛酉,以司徒高盛為太尉,以司空高昂為司徒,濟陰王暉業為司空。 勃海王高歡討平山胡劉蠡升。 辛未,以旱故,詔京邑及諸州郡縣收瘞骸骨。 是春,高麗、契丹並遣使朝貢。 夏四月,前青州刺史侯梁反,攻掠青、齊。 癸未,濟州刺史蔡俊討平之。 壬辰,降京師見囚。 夏五月,大旱。 勒城門殿門及省府寺署坊門澆人,不簡王公,無限日,得雨乃止。 六月,元慶和寇南頓,豫州刺史堯雄大破之。 秋七月甲戌,封汝南王悅孫綽為瑯邪王。 八月辛卯,司空、濟陰王暉業坐事免。 甲午,發眾七萬六千人營新宮。 九月丁巳,以開府儀同三司、襄城王旭為司空。 冬十一月丁未,梁柳仲禮寇荊州,刺史王元擊破之。 癸丑,祀圓丘。 甲寅,閶闔門災。 龍見并州人家井中。 十二月壬午,車駕狩於鄴東。 甲午,文武百官量事各給祿。 是歲,西魏文帝大統元年也。
In the first month of spring of the second year, on yihai day Acting Right Vice Director and Southeastern Circuit Mobile Secretariat Yuan Yan campaigned against Yuan Qinghe, defeated him, and drove him off. On renyang day Grand Commandant and Prince of Xianyang Tan was made Grand Tutor; Governor of Sizhou and Prince of Xihe Qi was made Grand Commandant. On jichou day former Southern Qing Regional Inspector Daye Ba beheaded Fan Zihong and surrendered; Yan Province was pacified. On wuxu day Chen Qingzhi, Liang Regional Inspector of Si, raided Yu Province; Regional Inspector Yao Xiong drove him off. On xinyou day Gao Sheng was made Grand Commandant; Gao Ang was made Minister over the Masses; Prince of Jiyin Huiye was made Minister of Works. Prince of Bohai Gao Huan campaigned and pacified the mountain Hu Liu Lusheng. On xinwei day because of drought an edict ordered the capital and all commanderies and counties to gather and bury exposed bones. That spring Goguryeo and Khitan both sent envoys to pay tribute. In the fourth month of summer former Qing Regional Inspector Hou Liang rebelled and raided Qing and Qi. On guiwei day Regional Inspector of Ji Cai Jun campaigned and pacified him. On renchen day prisoners held in the capital were pardoned to lower degrees. In the fifth month of summer there was great drought. At city gates, palace gates, and offices of provinces, directorates, agencies, wards, and gates, people were poured water without distinction of duke or prince, without limit of days, until rain came. In the sixth month Yuan Qinghe raided southern Dun; Regional Inspector of Yu Yao Xiong inflicted a great defeat on him. On jiaxu in the seventh month of autumn Chuo, grandson of Prince of Runan Yue, was enfeoffed as Prince of Langye. On xinmao in the eighth month Prince of Jiyin Huiye, Minister of Works, was dismissed for an offense. On jiawu day masses numbering seventy-six thousand were mobilized to build the new palace. On dingsi day Gao Xu, Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank and Prince of Xiangcheng, was made Minister of Works. On dingwei in the eleventh month of winter Liu Zhongli of Liang raided Jing Province; Regional Inspector Wang Yuan defeated him. On guichou day sacrifice was offered at the Circular Mound. On jiayin day the Gate of Opening the Gate to All Directions caught fire. A dragon appeared in a well in a household in Bing Province. On renyang in the twelfth month the imperial carriage hunted east of Ye. On jiawu day civil and military officials were each given salary according to measure. That year was the first year of Datong of Emperor Wen of Western Wei.
66
三年春正月癸卯朔,饗群臣於前殿。 戊申,詔百官舉士。 舉不稱才者,兩免之。 二月丁未,梁光州刺史郝樹以州內附。 丁酉,加勃海王世子澄為尚書令、大行臺、大都督。 三月甲寅,以開府儀同三司、華山王鷙為大司馬。 丁卯,陽夏太守盧公纂據郡南叛,大都督元整破之。 夏四月丁酉,昌樂王誕薨。 五月癸卯,賜鰥寡孤獨貧窮者衣物各有差。 丙辰,以錄尚書事、西河王悽為司州牧。 戊辰,太尉高盛薨。 六月辛巳,趙郡王諶薨。 秋七月庚子,大赦。 梁夏州刺史田獨鞞、潁川防城都督劉鸞慶並以州內附。 八月,并、泗、涿、建四州霜隕,大饑。 九月壬寅,以定州刺史侯景兼尚書右僕射、南道行臺,節度諸軍南討。 丙辰,平陽人路季禮聚眾反。 辛酉,御史中尉竇泰討平之。。 冬十一月戊申,詔遣使巡檢河北流移饑人。 侯景攻克梁楚州,獲刺史桓和。 十二月,以并州刺史尉景為太保。 辛未,遣使者板假老人官,百歲已下,各有差。 壬申,大司馬、清河王亶薨。 癸未,以太傅、咸陽王坦為太師。 是歲,高麗、勿吉並遣使朝貢。
On guimao, the first day of the first month of spring of the third year, the Emperor feasted the ministers in the front hall. On wushen day an edict ordered all officials to recommend scholars. Those whose recommendations did not match talent were twice dismissed. On dingwei day Hao Shu, Liang Regional Inspector of Guang, submitted the province inward. On dingyou day heir of Prince of Bohai Cheng was added as Director of the Department of State Affairs, Grand Mobile Secretariat, and Grand Area Commander. On jiayin day Prince of Huashan Zhi, Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank, was made Grand Marshal. On dingmao day Lu Gongzhuan, Regional Administrator of Yangxia, seized the commandery and rebelled south; Grand Commander Yuan Zheng defeated him. On dingyou in the fourth month of summer Prince of Changle Yan died. On guimao in the fifth month widowers, orphans, the solitary, destitute, and poor were given clothing, each according to measure. On bingchen day Prince of Xihe Qi, Recorder of the Department of State Affairs, was made Governor of Sizhou. On wuchen day Grand Commandant Gao Sheng died. On xinsi day Prince of Zhao Yuan Chen died. On gengzi in the seventh month of autumn a general amnesty was proclaimed. Tian Dubian, Liang Regional Inspector of Xia, and Liu Luanqing, Defense Commander of Yingchuan, both submitted their provinces inward. In the eighth month frost fell in Bing, Si, Zhuo, and Jian—four provinces—and there was great famine. On renyin day Hou Jing, Regional Inspector of Ding and Acting Right Vice Director and Southern Circuit Mobile Secretariat, was put in command of all armies campaigning south. On bingchen day Lu Jili of Pingyang gathered a crowd in revolt. On xinyou day Censor-in-Chief Dou Tai campaigned and pacified him. On wushen in the eleventh month of winter an edict dispatched envoys to inspect displaced and hungry people north of the Yellow River. Hou Jing took Liang Chu Province and captured Regional Inspector Huan He. In the twelfth month Wei Jing, Regional Inspector of Bing, was made Grand Guardian. On xinwei day envoys were sent to confer honorary offices on the aged, each according to rank for those one hundred years and below. On renshen day Grand Marshal and Prince of Qinghe Xuan died. On guisi day Grand Tutor and Prince of Xianyang Tan was made Grand Preceptor. That year Goguryeo and Wuji both sent envoys to pay tribute.
67
四年春正月,以汝陽王暹為錄尚書事。 夏四月辛未,遷七帝神主入新廟。 大赦,內外百官普進一階。 先是,滎陽人張儉等聚眾反於大騩山,通西魏。 壬辰,武衛將軍高元咸討破之。 六月己巳,幸華林園理訟。 辛未,詔尚書掩骼埋胔,推錄囚徒。 壬午,閶闔門災。 秋七月甲辰,遣兼散騎常侍李楷聘於梁。 八月,西魏克陜州,刺史李徽伯死之。 九月,侍中元子思與其弟子華謀西入,並賜死。 閏月乙丑,衛將軍、右光祿大夫蔣天樂謀反,伏誅。 禁京師酤酒。 冬十月,以咸陽王坦為錄尚書事。 壬辰,勃海王高歡西討,敗於沙苑。 己酉,西魏行臺宮景壽、都督楊白駒寇洛州,大都督韓賢大破之。 西魏又遣其大行臺元季海、大都督獨孤信逼洛州,刺史廣陽王湛棄城歸闕,季海、信遂據金墉。 十一月丙子,以驃騎大將軍、儀同三司万俟普為太尉。 十二月甲寅,梁人來聘。 河間人邢磨納、范陽人盧仲禮等各聚眾反。 是歲,高麗、蠕蠕並遣使朝貢。
In the first month of spring of the fourth year Prince of Ruyang Xian was made Recorder of the Department of State Affairs. On xinwei in the fourth month of summer the spirit tablets of the seven emperors were moved into the new temple. A general amnesty was proclaimed; officials within and without were universally advanced one rank. Earlier Zhang Jian and others of Xingyang had gathered a crowd in revolt on Mount Daqi and communicated with Western Wei. On renchen day Martial Guard General Gao Yuancheng campaigned and defeated them. On jisi day the Emperor visited the Hualin Garden to judge lawsuits. On xinwei day an edict ordered the Department of State Affairs to gather exposed bones and bury them and to review prisoners. On renyang day the Gate of Opening the Gate to All Directions caught fire. On jiachen in the seventh month of autumn Acting Palace Attendant Li Kai was sent as envoy to Liang. In the eighth month Western Wei took Shan Province; Regional Inspector Li Huibo died in the fighting. In the ninth month Palace Attendant Yuan Zisi and his nephew Zihua plotted to enter west and were both granted death. In the intercalary month, on yichou day Guard General and Court Gentleman of the Luminous Office Jiang Tianle plotted rebellion and was executed. Selling wine in the capital was forbidden. In the tenth month of winter Prince of Xianyang Tan was made Recorder of the Department of State Affairs. On renchen day Prince of Bohai Gao Huan campaigned west and was defeated at Shayuan. On jiyou day Western Wei Mobile Secretariat Gong Yanshou and Area Commander Yang Baiju raided Luo Province; Grand Commander Han Xian inflicted a great defeat on them. Western Wei again sent its Grand Mobile Secretariat Yuan Jihai and Grand Area Commander Dugu Xin to press Luo Province; Regional Inspector and Prince of Guangyang Zhan abandoned the city and returned to court; Jihai and Xin then seized Jinyong. On bingzi day Wan Qipu, General of Agile Cavalry and Commissioner Equal to the Third Rank, was made Grand Commandant. On jiayin in the twelfth month people of Liang came on a mission. Xing Monai of Hejian and Lu Zhongli of Fanyang each gathered crowds in revolt. That year Goguryeo and Rouran both sent envoys to pay tribute.
68
元象元年春正月辛酉朔,日有蝕之。 有巨象自至碭郡陂中,南兗州獲送於鄴。 丁卯,大赦,改元。 二月丙辰,遣兼散騎常侍鄭伯猷聘於梁。 夏四月庚寅,曲赦畿內,開酒禁。 六月壬辰,帝幸華林都堂,聽訟。 是夏,山東大水,蝦蟆鳴於樹上。 秋七月乙亥,高麗遣使朝貢。 八月辛卯,大敗西魏於河陰。 九月,大都督賀拔仁擊邢磨納、盧仲禮等破平之。 冬十月,梁人來聘。 十二月庚寅,遣陸操聘於梁。
On xinyou, the first day of the first month of spring of the first year of Yuanxiang, there was an eclipse of the sun. A great elephant came of itself to a marsh in Dang Commandery; Southern Yanzhou captured it and sent it to Ye. On dingmao day a general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name was changed. On bingchen day Acting Palace Attendant Zheng Boyou was sent as envoy to Liang. On gengyin in the fourth month of summer the metropolitan circuit was specially pardoned and the wine prohibition was lifted. On renchen in the sixth month the Emperor visited the Hualin Assembly Hall and heard lawsuits. That summer east of the mountains there was great flood; frogs croaked in the trees. On yihai in the seventh month of autumn Goguryeo sent envoys to pay tribute. On xinmao in the eighth month Western Wei was greatly defeated at Heyin. In the ninth month Grand Commander Heba Ren attacked Xing Monai, Lu Zhongli, and others, defeated them, and pacified them. In the tenth month of winter people of Liang came on a mission. On gengyin in the twelfth month Lu Cao was sent as envoy to Liang.
69
二年春正月壬申,以太保尉景為太傅,以驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司厙狄幹為太保。 丁丑,庫御新宮,大赦。 內外百官普進一階,營構主將別優一階。 三月乙卯,梁人來聘。 夏五月己酉,西魏行臺宮延和、陜州剌史宮元慶率戶內屬,置之河北馬場,振廩各有差。 壬子,遣兼散騎常侍李象聘於梁。 閏月丁丑朔,日有蝕之。 己丑,封皇兄景植為宜陽王,皇弟威為清河王。 謙為潁川王。 六月壬子,大司馬、華山王鷙薨。 冬十月丁未,梁人來聘。 十二月乙卯,遣兼散騎常侍崔長謙聘於梁。 是歲,高麗、蠕蠕、勿吉並遣使朝貢。
In the first month of spring of the second year, on renshen day Grand Guardian Wei Jing was made Grand Tutor; Kudi Gan, General of Agile Cavalry and Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank, was made Grand Guardian. On dingchou day the new palace was completed and a general amnesty was proclaimed. Officials within and without were universally advanced one rank; chief builders received an additional preferential rank. On yimao day people of Liang came on a mission. On jiyou day Western Wei Mobile Secretariat Gong Yanhe and Shan Regional Inspector Gong Yuanqing led households to submit inward; they were placed on horse pastures in Hebei and given relief grain, each according to measure. On renzi day Acting Palace Attendant Li Xiang was sent as envoy to Liang. On dingchou, the first day of the intercalary month, there was an eclipse of the sun. On jichou day imperial elder brother Jingzhi was enfeoffed as Prince of Yiyang; imperial younger brother Wei as Prince of Qinghe. Qian as Prince of Yingchuan. On renzi day Grand Marshal and Prince of Huashan Zhi died. On dingwei in the tenth month of winter people of Liang came on a mission. On yimao in the twelfth month Acting Palace Attendant Cui Changqian was sent as envoy to Liang. That year Goguryeo, Rouran, and Wuji all sent envoys to pay tribute.
70
三年春二月甲辰,阿至羅出吐拔那渾大率部來降。 三月乙酉,梁州人公孫貴賓聚眾反,自號天王,陽夏鎮將討禽之。 夏四月戊申,阿至羅國主副伏羅越君子去賓來降,封為高車王。 六月乙丑,梁人來聘。 秋七月己卯,宜陽王景植薨。 八月甲子,遣兼散騎常侍李騫聘於梁。 先是,詔群官於麟趾閣; 議定新制,冬十月甲寅,班於天下。 己巳,發夫五萬人築漳濱堰,三十五日罷。 癸亥,車駕狩於西山。 十一月戊寅,還宮。 丙戌,以開府儀同三司、彭城王韶為太尉,以度支尚書胡僧敬為司空。 是歲,蠕蠕、高麗、勿吉國並遣使朝貢。
In the second month of spring of the third year, on jiachen day the Azhiluo led the Tuba Nahun tribe in great numbers to submit. In the third month, on yiyou day Gongsun Guibin of Liang Province gathered a crowd in revolt, styled himself Heavenly King; the Yangxia Garrison general campaigned and captured him. On wushen in the fourth month of summer Fufoluoyue, vice-lord of the Azhiluo state, and the Yuezhi prince Qu Bin came to submit; Qu Bin was enfeoffed as King of Gaoche. On yichou in the sixth month people of Liang came on a mission. On jimao in the seventh month of autumn Prince of Yiyang Jingzhi died. On jiazi in the eighth month Acting Palace Attendant Li Qian was sent as envoy to Liang. Earlier an edict had ordered the officials to assemble at the Linqiu Pavilion; to deliberate and fix the new regulations; in the tenth month of winter, on jiayin day they were promulgated throughout the realm. On jisi day fifty thousand laborers were mobilized to build the Zhangbin dam; work ceased after thirty-five days. On guihai day the imperial carriage hunted in the western hills. On wuyin in the eleventh month he returned to the palace. On bingxu day Prince of Pengcheng Shao, Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank, was made Grand Commandant; Hu Sengjing, Director of Revenue, was made Minister of Works. That year Rouran, Goguryeo, and the Wuji state all sent envoys to pay tribute.
71
武定元年春正月壬戌朔,大赦,改元。 己巳,車駕搜於邯鄲之西山。 癸酉,還宮。 二月壬申,北豫州刺史高仲密據武牢西叛。 三月丙午,帝親納訟。 戊申,勃海王高歡大敗西魏師於邙山,追奔至恒農而還。 豫、洛二州平。 夏四月,封彭城王韶弟襲為武安王。 五月壬辰,以克復武牢,降天下死罪已下囚。 乙未,以吏部尚書侯景為司空。 六月乙亥,梁人來聘。 戊寅,封前員外散騎侍郎元長春為南郡王。 八月乙丑,以汾州刺史斛律金為大司馬。 壬午,遣兼散騎常侍李渾聘於梁。 冬十一月甲午,車駕狩於西山。 乙巳,還宮。 是歲,吐谷渾、高麗、蠕蠕並遣使朝貢。
On renxu, the first day of the first month of spring of the first year of Wuding, a general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name was changed. On jisi day the imperial carriage hunted in the western hills of Handan. On guiyou day he returned to the palace. In the second month, on renshen day Gao Zhongmi, Northern Yu Regional Inspector, held Wulao and rebelled west. On bingwu in the third month the Emperor personally heard lawsuits. On wushen day Prince of Bohai Gao Huan inflicted a great defeat on the Western Wei army at Mount Mang and pursued to Hengnong before returning. Yu and Luo—two provinces—were pacified. In the fourth month of summer younger brother Xi of Prince of Pengcheng Shao was enfeoffed as Prince of Wu'an. On renchen day because Wulao had been recovered capital prisoners and below throughout the realm were pardoned to lower degrees. On yiwei day Director of the Ministry of Personnel Hou Jing was made Minister of Works. On yihai in the sixth month people of Liang came on a mission. On wuyin day former Acting Palace Attendant Yuan Changchun was enfeoffed as Prince of Nan. On yichou day Hulu Jin, Regional Inspector of Fen, was made Grand Marshal. On renyang day Acting Palace Attendant Li Hun was sent as envoy to Liang. On jiawu in the eleventh month of winter the imperial carriage hunted in the western hills. On yisi day he returned to the palace. That year Tuyuhun, Goguryeo, and Rouran all sent envoys to pay tribute.
72
二年春二月丁卯,徐州人劉烏黑聚眾反,遣行臺慕容紹宗討平之。 三月,梁人來聘。 以旱故,宥死罪已下囚。 丙午,以開府儀同三司孫騰為太保。 壬子,以勃海王世子高澄為大將軍,領中書監。 元弼為錄尚書事。 以尚書左僕射司馬子如為尚書令。 以太原公高洋為左僕射。 夏五月甲午,遣散騎常侍魏季景聘於梁。 丁酉,太尉、廣陽王湛薨。 秋八月癸酉,尚書令司馬子如坐事免。 九月甲申,以開府儀同三司、濟陰王暉業為太尉。 太師、咸陽王坦坐事免,以王還第。 冬十月丁巳,太保孫騰、大司馬高隆之各為括戶大使,凡獲逃戶六十餘萬。 十一月,西河地陷,有火出。 甲申,以司徒高隆之為尚書令,以前大司馬婁昭為司徒。 庚子,祀圓丘。 辛丑,梁人來聘。 是歲,吐谷渾、地豆幹、室韋、高麗、蠕蠕、勿吉等並遣使朝貢。
In the second month of spring of the second year, on dingmao day Liu Wuhei of Xuzhou gathered a crowd in revolt; Mobile Secretariat Murong Shaozong was sent to campaign and pacify him. In the third month people of Liang came on a mission. Because of drought capital prisoners and below were pardoned to lower degrees. On bingwu day Sun Teng, Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank, was made Grand Guardian. On renzi day heir of Prince of Bohai Gao Cheng was made Grand General and Director of the Secretariat. Yuan Bi was made Recorder of the Department of State Affairs. Left Vice Director Sima Ziru was made Director of the Department of State Affairs. Duke of Taiyuan Gao Yang was made Left Vice Director. On jiawu day Palace Attendant Wei Jijing was sent as envoy to Liang. On dingyou day Grand Commandant and Prince of Guangyang Zhan died. On guiyou day Director of the Department of State Affairs Sima Ziru was dismissed for an offense. On jiashen day Prince of Jiyin Huiye, Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank, was made Grand Commandant. Grand Preceptor and Prince of Xianyang Tan was dismissed for an offense and returned to his residence as prince. On dingsi day Grand Guardian Sun Teng and Grand Marshal Gao Longzhi were each made commissioners for registering households; in all more than six hundred thousand fugitive households were obtained. In the eleventh month the land sank in Xihe and fire issued forth. On jiashen day Gao Longzhi, Minister over the Masses, was made Director of the Department of State Affairs; former Grand Marshal Lou Zhao was made Minister over the Masses. On gengzi day sacrifice was offered at the Circular Mound. On xinchou day people of Liang came on a mission. That year Tuyuhun, Didougan, Xianbei, Goguryeo, Rouran, and Wuji all sent envoys to pay tribute.
73
三年春正月丙申,遣兼散騎常侍李獎聘於梁。 二月庚申,吐谷渾國奉其從妹以備後庭,納為容華嬪。 夏五月甲辰,大赦。 秋七月庚子,梁人來聘。 冬十月,遣中書舍人尉瑾聘於梁。 十二月,以司空侯景為司徒,以中書令韓軌為司空。 戊子,以太保孫騰為錄尚書事。 是歲,高麗、吐谷渾、蠕蠕並遣使朝貢。
In the first month of spring of the third year, on bingshen day Acting Palace Attendant Li Jiang was sent as envoy to Liang. On gengshen in the second month the Tuyuhun state presented its younger cousin by the female line to fill the rear palace; she was received as Ronghua Consort. On jiachen in the fifth month of summer a general amnesty was proclaimed. On gengzi in the seventh month of autumn people of Liang came on a mission. In the tenth month of winter Secretariat Gentleman Wei Jin was sent as envoy to Liang. In the twelfth month Hou Jing, Minister of Works, was made Minister over the Masses; Han Gui, Director of the Secretariat, was made Minister of Works. On wuzi day Grand Guardian Sun Teng was made Recorder of the Department of State Affairs. That year Goguryeo, Tuyuhun, and Rouran all sent envoys to pay tribute.
74
四年夏五月壬寅,梁人來聘。 六月庚子,以司徒侯景為河南大行臺,應機討防。 秋七月壬寅,遣兼散騎常侍元廓聘於梁。 八月,移洛陽漢魏石經於鄴。 是歲,室韋、勿吉、地豆幹、高麗、蠕蠕並遣使朝貢。
On renyin in the fifth month of summer of the fourth year people of Liang came on a mission. On gengzi in the sixth month Hou Jing, Minister over the Masses, was made Grand Ambassador of Henan and was to campaign as circumstances required. On renyin in the seventh month of autumn Acting Palace Attendant Yuan Kuo was sent as envoy to Liang. In the eighth month the Han and Wei stone classics of Luoyang were moved to Ye. That year Xianbei, Wuji, Didougan, Goguryeo, and Rouran all sent envoys to pay tribute.
75
五年春正月己亥朔,日有蝕之。 丙午,勃海王高歡薨。 辛亥,司徒侯景降於西魏以求救。 西魏遣其將李弼、王思政赴之。 思政等入據潁川,景乃出走豫州。 乙丑,梁人來聘。 二月,侯景復背西魏歸梁。 夏四月壬申,大將軍高澄來朝。 甲午,遣兼散騎常侍李緯聘於梁。 五月丁酉朔,大赦。 戊戌,以尚書右僕射、襄城王旭為太尉。
On jihai, the first day of the first month of spring of the fifth year, there was an eclipse of the sun. On bingwu day Prince of Bohai Gao Huan died. On xinhai day Minister over the Masses Hou Jing surrendered to Western Wei to seek rescue. Western Wei sent its generals Li Bi and Wang Sizheng to go to his aid. Sizheng and others entered and seized Yingchuan; Jing then fled to Yu Province. On yichou day people of Liang came on a mission. In the second month Hou Jing again turned against Western Wei and returned to Liang. On renshen in the fourth month of summer Grand General Gao Cheng came to court. On jiawu day Acting Palace Attendant Li Wei was sent as envoy to Liang. On dingyou, the first day of the fifth month, a general amnesty was proclaimed. On wuxu day Right Vice Director and Prince of Xiangcheng Xu was made Grand Marshal.
76
甲辰,以太原公高洋為尚書令,領中書監。 以青州刺史尉景為大司馬。 以開府儀同三司庫狄幹為太師。 以錄尚書事孫騰為太傅。 以汾州刺史賀拔仁為太保。 以司空韓軌為司徒。 以領軍將軍可朱渾道元為司空。 以司徒高隆之錄尚書事,以徐州刺史慕容紹宗為尚書左僕射,高陽王斌為右僕射。 戊午,大司馬尉景薨。 六月乙酉,帝為勃海王舉哀於東堂,服緦衰。 秋九月辛丑,梁貞陽侯蕭明寇徐州,堰泗水於寒山,灌彭城,以應侯景。 冬十一月乙酉,以尚書左僕射慕容紹宗為東南道行臺,與大都督高嶽、潘相樂大破禽之,及其二子瑀道。 十二月乙亥,蕭明至,帝御閶闔門,讓而宥之。 嶽等回師討侯景。 是歲,高麗、勿吉並遣使朝貢。
On jiachen day Duke of Taiyuan Gao Yang was made Director of the Department of State Affairs and Director of the Secretariat. Wei Jing, Regional Inspector of Qing, was made Grand Marshal. Kudi Gan, Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank, was made Grand Preceptor. Sun Teng, Recorder of the Department of State Affairs, was made Grand Tutor. Heba Ren, Regional Inspector of Fen, was made Grand Guardian. Han Gui, Minister of Works, was made Minister over the Masses. Kezhuhun Daoyuan, Commandant of the Guard, was made Minister of Works. Gao Longzhi, Minister over the Masses, was made Recorder of the Department of State Affairs; Murong Shaozong, Regional Inspector of Xuzhou, was made Left Vice Director; Prince of Gaoyang Bin was made Right Vice Director. On wuwu day Grand Marshal Wei Jing died. On yiyou in the sixth month the Emperor observed mourning for Prince of Bohai at the Eastern Hall, wearing coarse hemp. On xinchou in the ninth month of autumn Marquis of Zhenyang Xiao Ming of Liang raided Xuzhou, dammed the Si River at Han Mountain, flooded Pengcheng, and responded to Hou Jing. On yiyou in the eleventh month Left Vice Director Murong Shaozong was made Southeastern Circuit Mobile Secretariat; together with Grand Commander Gao Yue and Pan Xiangle he inflicted a great defeat and captured Ming and his two sons Yudao. On yihai day when Xiao Ming arrived the Emperor came to the Gate of Opening the Gate to All Directions, reproached him, and pardoned him. Yue and others turned their army to campaign against Hou Jing. That year Goguryeo and Wuji both sent envoys to pay tribute.
77
六年春正月己亥,大都督高嶽等於渦陽大破侯景。 俘斬五萬餘人,其餘溺死於渦水,水為不流。 景走淮南。 二月己卯。 梁遣使求和。 許之。 三月癸巳,以太尉、襄城王旭為大司馬,以開府儀同三司高嶽為太尉。 辛亥,以冬春亢旱,赦罪人各有差。 夏四月甲子,吏部令史張永和、青州人崔闊等偽假人官,事覺糾檢,首者六萬餘人。 甲戌,太尉高嶽、司徒韓軌、大都督劉豐等討王思政於潁川,引洧水灌其城。 九月乙酉,梁人來聘。 冬十月戊申,侯景濟江,推梁臨賀王正德為主,以攻建業。 是歲,高麗,室韋、蠕蠕、吐谷渾並遣使朝貢。
On jihai in the first month of spring of the sixth year Gao Yue and others at Woyang inflicted a great defeat on Hou Jing. More than fifty thousand were captured and beheaded; the rest drowned in the Wo River until the water did not flow. Jing fled to Huainan. On jimao in the second month. Liang sent envoys seeking peace. Peace was granted. On guisi in the third month Grand Marshal and Prince of Xiangcheng Xu was made Grand Marshal; Gao Yue, Commissioner with Opening Office Equal to the Third Rank, was made Grand Commandant. On xinhai day because of drought in spring and winter criminals were pardoned to varying degrees. On jiazi in the fourth month of summer Zhang Yonghe, clerical officer of the Ministry of Personnel, and Cui Kuo of Qing Province and others falsely forged official posts; the affair was discovered and investigated; leaders numbered more than sixty thousand. On jiaxu day Grand Commandant Gao Yue, Minister over the Masses Han Gui, Grand Commander Liu Feng, and others campaigned against Wang Sizheng at Yingchuan and led the Wei River to flood the city. On yiyou in the ninth month people of Liang came on a mission. On wushen in the tenth month of winter Hou Jing crossed the Yangtze, installed Liang Prince of Linhe Zhengde as ruler, and attacked Jianye. That year Goguryeo, Xianbei, Rouran, and Tuyuhun all sent envoys to pay tribute.
78
二年十二月己酉,中山王殂,時年二十八。 三年二月,奉謚曰孝靜皇帝。 葬於鄴西漳北。 其後發之,陵崩,死者六十人。
On jiyou in the twelfth month of the second year Prince of Zhongshan died, aged twenty-eight. In the second month of the third year he was posthumously honored as Emperor Xiaojing. He was buried north of the Zhang west of Ye. Later when the tomb was opened the mound collapsed and sixty men died.
79
帝好文,美容儀。 力能挾石師子以逾墻,射無不中。 嘉辰宴會,多命群臣賦詩。 從容沈雅,有孝文風。 勃海王高澄嗣事,甚忌焉。 以大將軍中兵參軍崔季舒為中書、黃門侍郎,令監察動靜,小大皆令季舒知。 澄與季舒書曰:「癡人復何似? 癡勢小差未?」 帝嘗與獵於鄴東,馳逐如飛。 監衛都督烏那羅受工伐從後呼帝曰:「天子莫走馬,大將軍怒!」 澄嘗侍帝飲,大舉觴曰:「臣澄勸陛下。」 帝不悅曰:「自古無不亡之國,朕亦何用此活!」 澄怒曰:「朕,朕,狗腳朕!」 澄使季舒毆帝三拳,奮衣而出。 明日,澄,使季舒勞帝,帝亦謝焉。 賜絹,季舒未敢受,以啟澄。 澄使取一段。 帝束百疋以與之,曰:「亦一段爾。」
The Emperor was fond of literature and had a beautiful bearing. His strength could lift a stone lion over a wall; in archery he never missed. At auspicious feasts he often ordered the ministers to compose poems. Composed and dignified in manner, he had the manner of Emperor Xiaowen. Gao Cheng of Bohai succeeded to affairs and was very jealous of him. Cui Jishu, staff officer of the Grand General Center Army, was made Attendant of the Secretariat and Attendant at the Yellow Gate and ordered to monitor movements; great and small were all to be known to Jishu. Cheng wrote to Jishu: "How is the fool again? Is the fool's condition a little better? Once when hunting east of Ye the Emperor galloped in pursuit like flight. Supervisory Guard Commander Wunaluo Shougong called after him from behind: "Son of Heaven, do not run your horse—the Grand General will be angry! Once when Cheng attended the Emperor drinking he raised his cup greatly and said: "Your servant Cheng urges Your Majesty." The Emperor said displeased: "From antiquity there has been no state that did not perish—what use have I for this life!" Cheng said angrily: "I, I—dog-foot I!" Cheng had Jishu beat the Emperor three blows with fists, snatched up his robe, and went out. The next day Cheng had Jishu comfort the Emperor, and the Emperor also apologized. Silk was bestowed; Jishu did not dare accept and reported to Cheng. Cheng had one length taken. The Emperor bound one hundred bolts and gave them to him, saying: "Also only one length."
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帝不堪憂辱,詠謝靈運詩曰:「韓亡子房奮,秦帝魯連恥。 本自江海人,誌義動君子。」 常侍、侍講荀濟知帝意,乃與華山王大器、元瑾密謀於宮中。 偽為山而作地道向北城。 至千秋門,門者覺地下響動,以告澄。 澄勒兵入營,曰:「陛下何意反耶? 臣父子功存社稷,何負陛下耶?」 及將殺諸妃嬪。 帝正色曰:「王自欲反,何關於我? 我尚不惜身,何況妃嬪!」 澄下床叩頭,大啼,謝罪。 於是酣飲,夜久乃出。 居三日,幽帝於含章堂。 大器、瑾等皆見烹於市。
Unable to bear worry and insult, the Emperor chanted a poem of Xie Lingyun: "When Han perished Zifang rose up; when Qin had an emperor Lu Lian was shamed. Originally men of river and sea, their resolve and righteousness moved gentlemen. Regular Attendant and Lecturer Xun Ji knew the Emperor's intent; he with Prince of Huashan Daqi and Yuan Jin secretly plotted within the palace. Feigning a mountain they dug a tunnel north toward the northern city. At the Gate of a Thousand Autumns the gatekeepers perceived underground sound and movement and reported to Cheng. Cheng led troops into camp and said: "Your Majesty—what intent is this rebellion? My father and I, our merit preserves the altars of soil and grain—what have we failed Your Majesty in? When he was about to kill the consorts and concubines, the Emperor said with stern countenance: "You yourself wish to rebel—what has it to do with me? I do not spare even my own person—how much less consorts and concubines! Cheng descended from the couch, kowtowed, and wept greatly in confession of guilt. Thereupon they drank heavily and only went out deep in the night. After three days the Emperor was confined in the Hall of Containing Splendor. Daqi, Jin, and others were all boiled in the market. Daqi, Jin, and the others were all executed by boiling in the market.
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及將禪位於文宣,襄城王昶及司徒潘相樂、侍中張亮、黃門郎趙彥深等求入奏事。 帝在昭陽殿見之。 旭曰:「五行遞運,有始有終。 齊王聖德欽明,萬姓歸仰。 臣等昧死聞奏,願陛下則堯禪舜。」 帝便斂容答曰:「此事推挹已久,謹當遜避。」 又云:「若爾,須作詔書。」 侍郎崔劼、裴讓之奏云:「詔已作訖。」 即付楊愔進於帝,凡十條。 書訖,曰:「將安朕何所? 復若為而去?」 楊愔對曰:「在北城,別有館宇,還備法駕,依常仗衛而去。」 帝乃下御座,步就東廊。 口詠範蔚宗《後漢書贊》云:「獻生不辰,身播國屯,終我四百,永作虞賓。」 所司奏請發。 帝曰:「古人念遺簪弊履,欲與六宮別,可乎?」 高隆之曰:「今天下猶陛下之天下,況在後宮!」 乃與夫人嬪以下訣,莫不欷歔掩涕。 嬪趙國李氏誦陳思王詩云:「王其愛玉體,俱享黃髮期。」 皇后已下皆哭。 直長趙德以故犢車一乘,候於東上閣。 帝上車,德超上車,持帝。 帝肘之,曰:「朕畏天順人,授位相國,何物奴,敢逼人!」 趙德尚不下。 及出雲龍門,王公百僚衣冠拜辭。 帝曰:「今日不減常道鄉公、漢獻帝。」 眾皆悲愴,高隆之泣灑。 遂入北城,下司馬子如南宅。 及文宣行幸,常以帝自隨。 帝后封太原公主,常為帝嘗食,以護視焉。 竟遇鴆而崩。
When he was about to yield the throne to Emperor Wenxuan, Prince of Xiangcheng Chang, Minister over the Masses Pan Xiangle, Palace Attendant Zhang Liang, Attendant at the Yellow Gate Zhao Yanshen, and others requested audience to report affairs. Xu said: "The Five Phases pass in succession; there is beginning and end. The Prince of Qi is sage in virtue and bright; the myriad people look up to him. We, your servants, risk death to report and beg Your Majesty to yield as Yao yielded to Shun. The Emperor immediately composed his countenance and answered: "This matter has long been deferred; I shall respectfully yield and withdraw. He also said: "If so, an edict must be drafted." Attendant Gentleman Cui Jie and Pei Rangzhi memorialized: "The edict is already complete." It was at once given to Yang Yin to present to the Emperor—ten articles in all. When the writing was finished he said: "Where will you place me? How again shall I depart?" Yang Yin answered: "In the northern city there is a separate residence; the imperial equipage will again be prepared; you will go as usual with guards and escort. The Emperor then descended from the imperial seat and walked to the eastern corridor. He chanted orally from Fan Ye's Account of the Latter Han: "The Offered Emperor was born out of season; his person was cast amid national hardship; ending our four hundred years, forever to be guest of Yu." The authorities memorialized requesting departure. The Emperor said: "The ancients cherished a lost hairpin or worn shoes; may I take leave of the six palaces—is it possible? Gao Longzhi said: "Today the realm is still Your Majesty's realm—how much more the rear palace!" Thereupon he took leave of the ladies, consorts, and those below; none did not sob and cover their faces. Consort Li of Zhao recited a poem of Prince Si of Chen: "My lord, cherish your jade body and together enjoy the years of yellow hair." From the Empress downward all wept. Direct Attendant Zhao De had one old calf cart waiting at the upper gate of the eastern tower. The Emperor mounted the cart; De leaped up onto the cart and held the Emperor. The Emperor elbowed him and said: "I fear Heaven and follow the people, yielding the throne to the Chancellor—what slave dares press a man!" Zhao De still would not descend. When they went out through the Cloud Dragon Gate dukes, princes, and the hundred officials in caps and robes bowed in farewell. The Emperor said: "Today is no less than Duke of Changdao or Emperor Xian of Han." The masses were all grief-stricken; Gao Longzhi wept profusely. He then entered the northern city and went down to Sima Ziru's southern residence. The masses were all grief-stricken; Gao Longzhi wept profusely. He then entered the northern city and went down to Sima Ziru's southern residence. When Emperor Wenxuan traveled he always had the Emperor follow. The Emperor's consort was enfeoffed as Princess of Taiyuan; she often tasted food for the Emperor to guard and watch over him. In the end he met poison and died.
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論曰:莊帝運接交喪,招納勤王。 雖時事孔棘,而卒有四海。 猾逆剪除,權強擅命,神慮獨斷,芒刺未除; 而天未忘亂,禍不旋踵。 自茲之後,魏室土崩。 始則制屈強胡,終乃權歸霸政。 主祭祀者不殊於寄坐,遇黜辱者有甚於弈棋。 雖以節閔之明,孝武之長,祗以速是奔波。 文帝以剛強之質,終以守雌自寶。 靜、恭運終天祿,高蹈唐、虞,各得其時也。
Commentary says: Emperor Zhuang's fate met successive loss; he welcomed and gathered loyal armies. Though the times were desperately perilous, in the end he held the four seas. Crafty rebels were cut down; powerful men monopolized commands; the divine will decided alone—yet thorns were not yet removed; and Heaven had not forgotten disorder; disaster did not turn its heel. From this onward the house of Wei crumbled. At first they restrained the strong barbarians; in the end power returned to the hegemonic ministers. Those who presided over sacrifice were no different from seated guests; those who met deposition and insult were worse than in a game of chess. Though Jiemin was bright and Xiaowu was long in years, they only hastened this rushing about. Emperor Wen with his strong, firm substance in the end kept to the female and treasured himself. Xiaojing and Gong, when Heaven's mandate ended, ascended high and followed Tang and Yu—each obtained his season.