Volume 10 Northern Zhou Annals 1: Emperor Gaozu Wu, Emperor Xuan, Emperor Jing

高祖武帝宣帝靜帝

Emperor Gaozu Wu, Emperor Xuan, and Emperor Jing.

高祖武皇帝諱邕，字禰羅突，文帝第四子也。母曰叱奴太后。魏大統九年，生於同州，有神光照室。帝幼而孝敬，聰敏有器質。文帝異之曰：「成吾誌者，此兒也。」年十二，封輔城郡公。孝閔帝踐阼，拜大將軍，出鎮同州。明帝即位，遷柱國，授蒲州刺史，入為大司空，行禦正，進封魯國公，領宗師。甚見親愛，參議朝廷大事。性沈深，有遠識，非因問，終無所言。帝每嘆曰：「夫人不言，言必有中。」

Emperor Wu the Grand Ancestor, taboo name Yong, style name Miluotuo, was the fourth son of Emperor Wen. His mother was Empress Dowager Chinu. In Western Wei Datong year nine he was born at Tong Province, and a supernatural radiance filled the chamber. Even as a boy he was filial and reverent, quick-witted and possessed of real substance. Emperor Wen was struck by him and said, "This child alone will finish what I intend." At twelve he received the title Duke of Fucheng Commandery. When Xiaomin took the throne, he was made Grand General and sent to hold Tong Province. When Ming came to the throne, he was moved to Pillar of State, made Prefect of Pu, entered the capital as Grand Minister of Works, served as Director of the Imperial Clan, was raised to Duke of Lu, and took charge of the clan office. He was deeply favored and was consulted on the weightiest matters of state. He was by nature grave and inward, with vision that reached far ahead; unless questioned, he would not speak. The emperor often said in admiration, "When he keeps silent he is silent; when he speaks, he speaks to the point."

武成二年四月，帝崩，遣詔傳位於帝。帝固讓，百官勸進，乃從之。壬寅，即皇帝位，大赦。冬十二月，改作路門。是歲，齊孝昭帝廢其主殷而自立。

In the fourth month of Wucheng year two the emperor died and by edict passed the throne to him. He steadfastly refused; the officials pressed him to advance, and at last he yielded. On renyin day he ascended the throne and pardoned the realm. In the twelfth winter month the Road Gate was reconstructed. That year Xiaozhao of Qi deposed his lord Yin and seized the throne for himself.

保定元年春正月戊申，改元，文武百官各增四級。以大冢宰、晉公護為都督中外諸軍事，令五府總於天官。庚戌，祀圓丘。壬子，祀方丘。甲寅，祀感帝於南郊。

In spring of Baoding year one, on wushen of the first month, the reign title was changed and every civil and military officer gained four ranks. Grand Preceptor Hu, Duke of Jin, was made commander of all armies at home and abroad, and the Five Offices were consolidated under the Celestial Minister. On gengxu he offered sacrifice at the Round Mound. On renzi he offered sacrifice at the Square Mound. On jiayin he sacrificed to the Lord of the Seasons in the southern suburb.

乙卯，祭太社。己巳，享太廟。班文帝所述六官於廟庭。甲戌，板授高年官，各有差。乙亥，親耕籍田。丙子，大射於正武殿，賜百官各有差。二月己卯，遣大使巡察天下風俗。甲午，朝日於東郊。丙午，省輦輿，去百戲。三月丙寅，改八丁兵為十二丁兵，率歲一月役。夏四月丙子朔，日有蝕之。庚寅，以少傅、吳公尉綱為大司空。丁酉，白蘭遣使獻犀甲鐵鎧。五月丙午，封孝閔皇帝子康為紀國公，皇子赟為魯國公。晉公護獲玉鬥以獻。六月乙酉，遣禦正殷不害使於陳。秋七月戊申，以旱故，詔所在降死罪已下囚。更鑄錢，文曰布泉，以一當五，與五銖並行。九月甲辰，南寧州使獻滇馬及蜀鎧。冬十月甲戌朔，日有蝕之。十一月乙巳，陳人來聘。

On yimao he sacrificed at the Great Altar of Earth. On jisi he performed sacrifice in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. The Six Offices described by Emperor Wen were displayed in the temple court. On jiaxu honorary posts were granted to the elderly, each in due measure. On yihai he personally tilled the sacred field. On bingzi he held a grand archery contest in the Hall of Correct Martiality and rewarded the officials in varying degrees. On jimao of the second month he sent grand commissioners to tour the empire and examine local customs. On jiawu he worshipped the sun in the eastern suburb. On bingwu he cut back the imperial equipage and abolished the hundred diversions. On bingyin in the third month the eight-man corvée was changed to twelve men, with one month of service per year. On bingzi, the first day of the fourth summer month, the sun was eclipsed. On gengyin Junior Tutor Wei Gang, Duke of Wu, was made Grand Minister of Works. On dingyou envoys from Baidan presented rhinoceros-hide armor and iron mail. On bingwu in the fifth month Kang, son of Xiaomin, was made Duke of Ji, and the imperial son Yun was made Duke of Lu. Hu, Duke of Jin, captured a jade ladle and presented it to the throne. On yiyou in the sixth month Yin Buhai, Director of the Imperial Clan, was dispatched as envoy to Chen. On wushen in the seventh autumn month, because of drought, an edict ordered local authorities to reduce sentences of death and below. New coin was cast bearing the legend Buquan, worth five and circulated alongside the five-zhu. On jiachen in the ninth month envoys from Nanning Province presented horses from Dian and armor from Shu. On jiaxu, the first day of the tenth winter month, the sun was eclipsed. On yisi envoys from Chen arrived on a courtesy visit.

丁巳，狩於岐陽。是月，齊孝昭帝殂。十二月，車駕至自岐陽。是歲，突厥、吐谷渾、高昌、宕昌、龜茲等國並遣使朝貢。

On dingsi he went hunting at Qiyang. That month Xiaozhao of Qi passed away. In the twelfth month the emperor returned from Qiyang. That year the Turks, Tuyuhun, Gaochang, Dangchang, Kucha, and other states all sent tribute missions.

二年春正月壬寅，初於蒲州開河渠，同州開龍首渠，以廣溉灌。丁未，以陳主弟頊為柱國，送還江南。閏月己亥，大司馬、涼公賀蘭祥薨。二月癸丑，以久不雨，宥罪人。京城三十里內禁酒。梁主蕭察薨。夏四月甲辰，以旱故，禁屠宰。癸亥，詔曰：「諸柱國等勛德隆重，宜有優崇。各準別制，邑戶聽寄食他縣。」五月庚午，以南山眾瑞並集，免今年役及租賦之半。壬辰，以柱國、隨公楊忠為大司空。六月己亥，以柱國、蜀公尉迥為大司馬。分山南荊州、安州、襄州、江陵為四總管。秋九月戊辰朔，日有蝕之。陳人來聘。冬十月辛亥，帝御大武殿大射。戊午，講武於少陵原。十一月丁卯，以大將軍衛公直、趙公招並為柱國。

In spring of year two, on renyin of the first month, canals were first opened at Pu Province and the Longshou Canal at Tong Province to widen irrigation. On dingwei Xu, younger brother of the Chen ruler, was made Pillar of State and escorted back to Jiangnan. On jihai in the intercalary month Grand Marshal Helan Xiang, Duke of Liang, died. On guichou in the second month, because of prolonged drought, criminals were granted amnesty. Wine was banned within thirty li of the capital. The Liang lord Xiao Cha died. On jiachen in the fourth summer month, because of drought, the killing of animals was forbidden. On guihai an edict declared, "The Pillars of State and others, whose merit and virtue are weighty and exalted, deserve exceptional favor. Each shall follow a separate statute, and fief households may draw provisions from other counties." On gengwu in the fifth month, because many auspicious omens had gathered on the southern mountains, this year's corvée and half the taxes and levies were waived. On renchen Pillar of State Yang Zhong, Duke of Sui, was made Grand Minister of Works. On jihai in the sixth month Pillar of State Wei Jiong, Duke of Shu, was made Grand Marshal. South of the mountains, Jing, An, and Xiang provinces and Jiangling were divided into four grand protectorates. On wuchen, the first day of the ninth autumn month, the sun was eclipsed. Envoys from Chen arrived on a courtesy visit. On xinhai in the tenth winter month the emperor held a grand archery contest in the Hall of Great Martiality. On wuwu he conducted a military review on Shaoling Plain. On dingmao in the eleventh month Grand General Yu Zhi, Duke of Wei, and Zhao, Duke of Zhao, were both made Pillars of State.

三年春正月辛未，改光遷國為遷州。乙酉、太保、梁公侯莫陳崇賜死。二月庚子，初頒新律。辛酉，詔自今舉大事，行大政，非軍機急速，皆依月令，以順天心。

In spring of year three, on xinwei of the first month, the state of Guangqian was renamed Qian Province. On yiyou Grand Guardian Hou Mochen Chong, Duke of Liang, was ordered to take his own life. On gengzi in the second month the new laws were first issued. On xinyou an edict declared that henceforth, in all great undertakings and great policies, unless military affairs were urgent, everything was to follow the monthly ordinances in accord with Heaven's will.

三月乙丑朔，日有蝕之。丙子，宕昌國獻生猛獸二，詔放之南山。夏四月乙未，以柱國、鄭公達奚武為太保，大將軍韓果為柱國。己亥，帝御正武殿錄囚徒。癸卯，大雩。癸丑，有牛足生於背。戊午，幸太學，以太傅、燕公於謹為三老而問道焉。

On yichou, the first day of the third month, the sun was eclipsed. On bingzi Dangchang presented two live fierce beasts, and an edict ordered them released on the southern mountains. On yiwei in the fourth summer month Pillar of State Daxi Wu, Duke of Zheng, was made Grand Guardian, and Grand General Han Guo was made Pillar of State. On jihai the emperor reviewed prisoners in the Hall of Correct Martiality. On guimao a great rain sacrifice was held. On guichou a cow was born with a foot growing from its back. On wuwu he visited the Imperial Academy, took Grand Tutor Yu Jin, Duke of Yan, as the Elder, and inquired of him concerning the Way.

初禁天下報仇，犯者以殺人論。壬戌，詔百官及庶人上封事，極言得失。五月甲午朔，以旱故，避正寢，不受朝。甲戌，雨。秋七月戊辰，行幸原州。庚午，陳人來聘。丁丑，幸津門，問百年，賜以金帛，又賜高年板職，各有差。降死罪囚一等。

Private vengeance was forbidden throughout the realm for the first time; violators were punished as murderers. On renxu an edict invited officials and commoners to submit sealed memorials and speak frankly of what was right and wrong. On jiawu, the first day of the fifth summer month, because of drought he withdrew from the principal chamber and declined audience. On jiaxu rain fell. On wuchen in the seventh autumn month he traveled to Yuan Province. On gengwu envoys from Chen arrived on a courtesy visit. On dingchou he visited Jin Gate, asked after those of a hundred years, and bestowed gold and silk; he also granted honorary posts to the elderly, each in due measure. Death sentences were commuted one degree.

八月丁未，改作路寢。九月甲子，自原州登隴山。丙戌，幸同州。戊子，詔柱國楊忠率騎一萬與突厥伐齊。己丑，初令世襲州、郡、縣者悉改為五等爵。州封伯，郡封子，縣封男。冬十月庚戌，陳人來聘。十二月辛卯，車駕至自同州。遣太保達奚武率騎三萬出平陽，以應楊忠。是月，有人生子，男而陰在背後，如尾，兩足指如獸爪。有犬生子，腰以後分為二身，兩尾六足。

On dingwei in the eighth month the Road Chamber was reconstructed. On jiazi in the ninth month he climbed Long Mountain from Yuan Province. On bingxu he visited Tong Province. On wuzi an edict ordered Pillar of State Yang Zhong to lead ten thousand cavalry with the Turks against Qi. On jichou for the first time all hereditary prefects, commandery chiefs, and county magistrates were converted to five ranks of nobility. Prefects received the rank of earl, commandery chiefs viscount, and county magistrates baron. On gengxu in the tenth winter month envoys from Chen arrived on a courtesy visit. On xinmao in the twelfth month the emperor returned from Tong Province. Grand Guardian Daxi Wu was sent to lead thirty thousand cavalry out of Pingyang to support Yang Zhong. That month a woman bore a male child whose genitals were on his back like a tail, with toes shaped like beast claws. A dog gave birth to a pup divided from the waist back into two bodies, with two tails and six legs.

四年春正月庚申，楊忠破齊長城，至晉陽而還。二月庚寅朔，日有蝕之。三月庚辰，初令百官執笏。夏四月癸卯，以柱國、鄧公竇熾為大宗伯。五月壬戌，封明帝長子賢為畢公。癸酉，以大將軍、安武公李穆為柱國。丁亥，改禮部為司宗，大司禮為禮部，大司樂為樂部。六月庚寅，改禦伯為納言。秋七月，焉耆國遣使獻名馬。八月丁亥朔，日有蝕之。詔柱國楊忠帥師與突厥東伐，至北河而還。戊子，以柱國、齊公憲為雍州牧，以許公宇文貴為大司徒。九月丁巳，以柱國、衛公直為大司空。陳人來聘。是月，以皇世母閻氏自齊至，大赦。閏月己亥，以大將軍韋孝寬、長孫儉並為柱國。冬十月癸亥，以大將軍陸通、宇文盛、蔡公廣並為柱國。甲子，詔大冢宰、晉公護伐齊，齊於太廟，庭授以斧鉞。於是護總大軍出潼關，大將軍權景宣帥山南諸軍出豫州，少師楊出軹關。丁卯，帝幸沙苑勞師。癸酉，還宮。十一月甲午，柱國尉遲迥圍洛陽，柱國、齊公憲營芒山，晉公護次陜州。十二月丙辰，齊豫州刺史王士良以州降。壬戌，齊師度河，晨至洛陽，諸軍驚散。尉迥帥麾下數十騎捍敵，得卻，至夜引還。柱國王雄力戰，死之。遂班師。楊於軹關戰沒。權景宜亦棄豫州而還。是歲，突厥、粟特等國並遣使朝貢。

In spring of year four, on gengshen of the first month, Yang Zhong breached Qi's Great Wall, advanced to Jinyang, and withdrew. On gengyin, the first day of the second month, the sun was eclipsed. On gengchen in the third month officials were for the first time required to carry court tablets. On guimao in the fourth summer month Pillar of State Dou Chi, Duke of Deng, was made Grand Director of Ceremonies. On renxu in the fifth month Xian, eldest son of Emperor Ming, was made Duke of Bi. On guiyou Grand General Li Mu, Duke of Anwu, was made Pillar of State. On dinghai the Ministry of Rites became the Office of the Imperial Clan, the Grand Director of Rites became the Ministry of Rites, and the Grand Director of Music became the Ministry of Music. On gengyin in the sixth month the Director of the Imperial Clan was renamed Censor-in-Chief. In the seventh autumn month Yanqi sent envoys presenting fine horses. On dinghai, the first day of the eighth month, the sun was eclipsed. An edict ordered Pillar of State Yang Zhong to lead troops with the Eastern Turks eastward; they reached the Northern River and withdrew. On wuzi Pillar of State Xian, Duke of Qi, was made Prefect of Yong Province, and Yuwen Gui, Duke of Xu, was made Grand Minister of Education. On dingsi in the ninth month Pillar of State Yu Zhi, Duke of Wei, was made Grand Minister of Works. Envoys from Chen arrived on a courtesy visit. That month the imperial grandmother Lady Yan arrived from Qi, and a general amnesty was proclaimed. On jihai in the intercalary month Grand Generals Wei Xiaokuan and Zhangsun Jian were both made Pillars of State. On guihai in the tenth winter month Grand Generals Lu Tong, Yuwen Sheng, and Guang, Duke of Cai, were all made Pillars of State. On jiazi an edict ordered Grand Preceptor Hu, Duke of Jin, to attack Qi; at the Imperial Ancestral Temple the axe and battle-axe were conferred in the court. Thereupon Hu took overall command of the great army and marched out through Tong Pass; Grand General Quan Jingxuan led the southern armies out through Yu Province; Junior Tutor Yang led out through Zhi Pass. On dingmao the emperor visited Shayuan to review the troops. On guiyou he returned to the palace. On jiawu Pillar of State Yuwen Jiong besieged Luoyang; Pillar of State Xian, Duke of Qi, encamped at Mount Mang; Grand Preceptor Hu halted at Shaan Province. On bingchen Wang Shiliang, Prefect of Yu in Qi, surrendered the province. On renxu Qi troops crossed the river, reached Luoyang at dawn, and the armies broke in panic. Yuwen Jiong led several dozen horsemen under his command to hold off the enemy, beat them back, and withdrew by night. Pillar of State Wang Xiong fought fiercely and was killed. The army then withdrew. Yang was killed in battle at Zhi Pass. Quan Jingxuan also abandoned Yu Province and withdrew. That year the Turks, Sogdiana, and other states all sent tribute missions.

五年春正月甲申朔，以柱國王雄死王事故，廢朝。乙巳，以雄世子謙為柱國。

On jiashen, the first day of the fifth year's first spring month, because Pillar of State Wang Xiong had died in the king's service, court was suspended. On yisi Qian, eldest son of Xiong, was made Pillar of State.

二月辛酉，詔陳公純等逆皇后於突厥。丙寅，以柱國李穆為大司空，綏德公陸通為大司寇。壬申，行幸岐州。戊子，柱國豆盧寧薨。夏四月，齊武成帝禪位於其太子緯，自稱太上皇帝。五月己亥，左右武伯各置中大夫一人。六月庚申，彗星出三臺，入文昌，犯上將，經紫宮入苑，漸長丈餘，百餘日乃滅。辛未，詔江陵人年六十五已上為官奴婢者，已令放免；其公私奴婢年七十以外者，所在官私宜贖為庶人。秋七月辛巳朔，日有蝕之。庚寅，行幸秦州，降死罪已下刑。辛丑，遣大使巡察天下。

On xinyou an edict ordered Chun, Duke of Chen, and others to go meet the empress among the Turks. On bingyin Pillar of State Li Mu was made Grand Minister of Works, and Lu Tong, Duke of Suide, was made Grand Minister of Justice. On renshen he traveled to Qi Province. On wuzi Pillar of State Doulu Ning died. In the fourth summer month Wucheng of Qi abdicated to his crown prince Wei and styled himself Retired Emperor. On jihai in the fifth month one Grand Master was placed in each of the Left and Right Martial Guardians. On gengshen in the sixth month a comet appeared at the Three Terraces, entered Wenchang, struck the Upper General, passed through the Purple Palace into the park, gradually grew to more than a zhang long, and vanished after more than a hundred days. On xinwei an edict declared that people of Jiangling aged sixty-five and above who had been made official slaves and maidservants were already ordered released; As for private and official slaves and maidservants aged seventy and above, wherever they were found, officials and private owners were to redeem them as commoners. On xinsi, the first day of the seventh autumn month, the sun was eclipsed. On gengyin he traveled to Qin Province and reduced punishments for those sentenced to death and below. On xinchou he dispatched grand commissioners to tour the realm.

八月丙子，車駕至自秦州。冬十月辛亥，改函谷關城為通洛防。十一月丁未，陳人來聘。是歲，吐谷渾遣使朝貢。

On bingzi in the eighth month the emperor returned from Qin Province. On xinhai in the tenth winter month the fortress at Hangu Pass was renamed Tongluo Defense. On dingwei in the eleventh month envoys from Chen arrived on a courtesy visit. That year Tuyuhun sent a tribute mission.

天和元年春正月己卯朔，日有蝕之。辛巳，考路寢，命群臣賦詩。京邑耆老亦會焉，頒賜各有差。癸未，大赦，改元，百官普加四級。己亥，親耕籍田。丁未，於宕昌國置宕州。遣小載師杜果使於陳。二月戊辰，詔三公已下，各舉所知。庚午，日鬥，光遂微，日中見烏。三月丙午，祀南郊。夏四月辛亥，雩。是月，陳文帝殂。

On jimao, the first day of Tianhe year one's first spring month, the sun was eclipsed. On xinsi he inspected the Road Chamber and ordered the ministers to compose poems. The elders of the capital also gathered, and gifts were distributed in varying degrees. On guiwei a general amnesty was proclaimed, the reign title was changed, and all officials gained four ranks. On jihai he personally tilled the sacred field. On dingwei Dang Province was established in the state of Dangchang. Junior Director of Rites Du Guo was dispatched as envoy to Chen. On wuchen in the second month an edict ordered the Three Dukes and below each to recommend men they knew. On gengwu the sun was in contention; its light then grew faint, and a crow was seen at midday. On bingwu in the third month sacrifice was offered at the Southern Suburb. On xinhai in the fourth summer month a rain sacrifice was held. That month Wen of Chen died.

五月庚辰，帝御正武殿，集群臣，親講《禮記》。吐谷渾龍涸王莫昌率戶內附，以其地為扶州。甲午，詔曰：「甲子、乙卯，《禮》雲不樂。萇弘表昆吾之稔，杜蕢有揚觶之文。自世道喪亂，禮儀紊毀，此典茫然，已墜於地。宜依是日，有事停樂。

On gengchen in the fifth month the emperor presided in the Hall of Correct Martiality, assembled the ministers, and personally lectured on the Record of Rites. King Mochang of Longhu of Tuyuhun led his households to submit; his territory was made Fu Province. On jiawu an edict said, "On jiazi and yimao days, the Rites say there is to be no music. Chang Hong set forth the ripeness of Kunwu; Du Kui had the text on raising the horn cup. Since the age fell into disorder, rites and ceremonies were thrown into confusion, and this canon lay in oblivion, already fallen to the ground. On those days affairs should cease and music should stop.

庶知為君之難，為臣不易，貽之後昆，殷鑒斯在。」六月丙午，以大將軍辛威為柱國。秋七月戊寅，築武功、郿、斜谷、武都、留谷、津坑諸城，以置軍人。壬午，詔諸胄子入學，但束修於師，不勞釋奠。釋奠者，學成之祭。自今即為恒式。八月己未，詔諸有三年之喪，或負土成墳，或寢苫骨立，一誌一行，可稱揚者，本部官司，隨事上言。當加吊勉，以勵薄俗。九月乙亥，信州蠻反，詔開府陸騰討平之。

Thus may all know the difficulty of being ruler and the hardship of being minister, leaving this as a mirror for later generations." On bingwu in the sixth month Grand General Xin Wei was made Pillar of State. On wuyin in the seventh autumn month the cities of Wugong, Mei, Xiegu, Wudu, Liugu, and Jinkeng were built to station soldiers. On renwu an edict ordered all sons of the nobility to enter school, requiring only the teacher's fee and not the libation sacrifice. The libation sacrifice is the rite performed when study is completed. From now on this shall be the standing rule. On jiwei in the eighth month an edict declared that all who observed the three-year mourning, or piled earth to make a grave mound, or slept on a rush mat until their bones showed, each with one act of resolve and one line of conduct worthy of praise, were to be reported by their local offices according to the case. Condolence and encouragement were to be added to exhort a lax age. On yihai in the ninth month the barbarians of Xin Province rebelled; an edict ordered Opening Grandee Lu Teng to suppress and pacify them.

冬十月甲子，初造《山雲舞》，以備六代樂。十一月丙戌，行幸武功等城。十二月庚申，還宮。

On jiazi in the tenth winter month the Mountain Cloud Dance was first created to complete the music of the Six Dynasties. On bingxu in the eleventh month he traveled to Wugong and the other cities. On gengshen in the twelfth month he returned to the palace.

二年春正月癸酉朔，日有蝕之。己亥，親耕籍田。三月癸酉，改武遊園為道會苑。丁亥，初立郊丘壇壝制度。夏四月乙巳，省並東南諸州。以大將軍、陳公純為柱國。六月辛亥，尊所生叱奴氏為皇太后。閏月庚午，地震。戊寅，陳湘州刺史華皎帥眾來附。壬辰，以大將軍、譙公儉為柱國。秋七月辛丑，梁州上言鳳凰集楓樹，群鳥列侍以萬數。甲辰，立路門學，置生七十二人。壬子，以太傅、燕公於謹為雍州牧。九月，衛公直等與陳將淳於量、吳明徹戰於沌口，王師敗績。元定以步騎數千先度，遂沒江南。冬十一月戊戌朔，日有蝕之。癸丑，太保、許國公宇文貴薨。

On guiyou, the first day of the second year's first spring month, the sun was eclipsed. On jihai he personally tilled the sacred field. On guiyou in the third month the Martial Recreation Garden was renamed the Way Assembly Park. On dinghai the regulations for the suburban mound and its enclosures were first established. On yisi in the fourth summer month the southeastern provinces were merged and reduced. Grand General Chun, Duke of Chen, was made Pillar of State. On xinhai in the sixth month his birth mother, the Chinu clan, was honored as Empress Dowager. On gengwu in the intercalary month there was an earthquake. On wuyin Hua Jiao, Prefect of Xiang in Chen, led his forces to submit. On renchen Grand General Jian, Duke of Qiao, was made Pillar of State. On xinchou in the seventh autumn month Liang Province reported that a phoenix had alighted on a maple tree and ten thousand birds lined up in attendance. On jiachen the Road Gate Academy was established with seventy-two students. On renzi Grand Tutor Yu Jin, Duke of Yan, was made Prefect of Yong Province. In the ninth month Yu Zhi, Duke of Wei, and others fought the Chen generals Chunyu Liang and Wu Mingche at Chun Mouth; the imperial army was defeated. Yuan Ding crossed first with several thousand infantry and cavalry and was lost south of the Yangtze. On wuxu, the first day of the eleventh winter month, the sun was eclipsed. On guichou Grand Guardian Yuwen Gui, Duke of Xu, died.

是歲，突厥、吐谷渾、安息等國並遣使朝貢。

That year the Turks, Tuyuhun, Parthia, and other states all sent tribute missions.

三年春正月辛丑，祀南郊。三月癸卯，皇后阿史那氏至自突厥。甲辰，大赦。

On xinchou in the third year's first spring month sacrifice was offered at the Southern Suburb. On guimao in the third month Empress Ashina arrived from the Turks. On jiachen a general amnesty was proclaimed.

丁未，大會百寮及賓客於路寢。戊午，太傅、燕公於謹薨。夏四月辛巳，以太保達奚武為太傅，大司馬尉迥為太保，柱國、齊公憲為大司馬。五月庚戌，享太廟。六月甲戌，有星孛於東井。秋七月壬寅，柱國、隨公楊忠薨。八月乙丑，韓公元羅薨。

On dingwei he held a great assembly of the hundred officials and guests in the Road Chamber. On wuwu Grand Tutor Yu Jin, Duke of Yan, died. On xinsi in the fourth summer month Grand Guardian Daxi Wu was made Grand Tutor, Grand Marshal Yuwen Jiong was made Grand Guardian, and Pillar of State Xian, Duke of Qi, was made Grand Marshal. On gengxu in the fifth month sacrifice was offered in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On jiaxu in the sixth month a broom star appeared at the Well. On renyin in the seventh autumn month Pillar of State Yang Zhong, Duke of Sui, died. On yichou in the eighth month Yuan Luo, Duke of Han, died.

齊人來聘，請和親，詔軍司馬陸逞報聘。癸酉，帝御大德殿，集百寮及沙門道士等，親講《禮記》。冬十月癸亥，享太廟。丁亥，上親帥六軍，講武於城南。京邑觀者，輿馬彌漫數十里，諸蕃使咸在焉。十一月壬辰朔，日有蝕之。壬子，遣開府崔彥穆使於齊。甲寅，陳安成王頊廢其主伯宗而自立。辛未，齊武成帝殂。

Envoys from Qi arrived seeking marriage alliance; an edict ordered Army Marshal Lu Cheng to return the courtesy visit. On guiyou the emperor presided in the Hall of Great Virtue, assembled the hundred officials, Buddhist monks, and Daoist priests, and personally lectured on the Record of Rites. On guihai in the tenth winter month sacrifice was offered in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On dinghai the emperor personally led the Six Armies and reviewed troops south of the city. Spectators from the capital filled the roads for several tens of li; envoys from the various foreign states were all present. On renchen, the first day of the eleventh month, the sun was eclipsed. On renzi Opening Grandee Cui Yanmu was dispatched as envoy to Qi. On jiayin Prince Ancheng Xu of Chen deposed his ruler Bozong and seized the throne. On xinwei Wucheng of Qi died.

四年春正月辛卯朔，以齊武成殂故，廢朝。遣司會李綸等會葬於齊。二月戊辰，帝御大德殿，集百僚道士沙門等討論釋老。夏四月己巳，齊人來聘。五月己丑，帝制《象經》成，集百寮講說。封魏廣平公子元謙為韓國公，以紹魏後。丁巳，柱國、吳公尉綱薨。六月，築原州及涇州東城。秋七月，突厥遣使獻馬。柱國、昌寧公長孫儉薨。

On xinmao, the first day of the fourth year's first spring month, because Wucheng of Qi had died, court was suspended. Director of Meetings Li Lun and others were dispatched to attend the funeral in Qi. On wuchen in the second month the emperor presided in the Hall of Great Virtue, assembled the hundred officials, Daoist priests, and Buddhist monks, and debated Buddhism and Daoism. On jisi in the fourth summer month envoys from Qi arrived on a courtesy visit. On jichou in the fifth month the emperor's treatise on the Classic of Images was completed, and he assembled the hundred officials to lecture on it. Yuan Qian, son of the Duke of Guangping of Wei, was made Duke of Han to continue the Wei line. On dingsi Pillar of State Wei Gang, Duke of Wu, died. In the sixth month Yuan Province and the eastern city of Jing Province were fortified. In the seventh autumn month the Turks sent envoys presenting horses. Pillar of State Zhangsun Jian, Duke of Changning, died.

五年春三月甲辰，初令宿衛官住關外者，將家累入京，不樂者，解宿衛。夏四月甲寅，以柱國宇文盛為大宗伯。省帥都督官。丙寅，遣大使巡察天下。六月庚子，以皇女生故，降宥罪人，並免逋租懸調。冬十月辛巳朔，日有蝕之。丁酉，太傅、鄭公達奚武薨。十一月丁卯，柱國、幽公廣薨。十二月癸巳，大將軍鄭恪帥師平越巂，置西寧州。是月，齊將斛律光侵邊，於汾北築城，自華谷至龍門。

On jiachen in the fifth year's third spring month, for the first time palace-guard officers stationed outside the passes were ordered to bring their families into the capital; those unwilling were released from palace guard service. On jiayin in the fourth summer month Pillar of State Yuwen Sheng was made Grand Director of Ceremonies. The office of Commander-in-Chief was abolished. On bingyin grand commissioners were dispatched to tour the realm. On gengzi in the sixth month, because an imperial daughter had been born, criminals were pardoned and overdue rents and suspended levies were remitted. On xinsi, the first day of the tenth winter month, the sun was eclipsed. On dingyou Grand Tutor Daxi Wu, Duke of Zheng, died. On dingmao in the eleventh month Pillar of State Guang, Duke of You, died. On guisi in the twelfth month Grand General Zheng Ke led troops and pacified Yuexi, and Xi Province was established. That month the Qi general Hulu Guang invaded the border and built a fortress north of the Fen, from Huagu to Long Gate.

六年春正月己酉朔，以路門未成故，廟朝。丁卯，以大將軍王傑、譚公會、雁門公田弘、魏公李暉等並為柱國。三月己酉，齊公憲自龍門度河，斛律光退保華谷，憲攻拔其新築五城。夏四月戊寅朔，日有蝕之。辛卯，信州蠻反，遣大將軍趙訚帥師討平之。庚子，以大將軍司馬消難、侯莫陳瓊、大安公閻慶、神武公竇毅、南陽公叱羅協、平高公侯伏侯龍恩並為柱國。五月癸亥，遣納言鄭詡使於陳。丙寅，以大將軍李昞、中山公訓、杞公亮、上庸公陸騰、安義公宇文丘、北平公寇紹、許公宇文善、犍為公高琳、鄭公達奚震、隴東公楊纂、常山公於翼並為柱國。六月乙未，以大將軍、太原公王秉為柱國。是月，齊將段孝先攻陷汾州。秋七月乙丑，以大將軍、越公盛為柱國。八月癸酉，省掖庭四夷樂、後宮羅綺工五百餘人。冬十月壬午，冀公通薨。乙未，遣右武伯谷會琨使於齊。壬寅，上親帥六軍講武於城南。十一月壬子，以大將軍梁公侯莫陳芮、大將軍李意並為柱國。丙辰，齊人來聘。丁巳，行幸散關。十二月己丑，還宮。是冬，牛疫死者十六七。

On jiyou, the first day of the sixth year's first spring month, because the Road Gate was not yet completed, sacrifice was offered at the temple. On dingmao Grand Generals Wang Jie, Hui, Duke of Tan, Tian Hong, Duke of Yanmen, Li Hui, Duke of Wei, and others were all made Pillars of State. On jiyou Xian, Duke of Qi, crossed the river from Long Gate; Hulu Guang withdrew to hold Huagu, and Xian attacked and captured his five newly built cities. On wuyin, the first day of the fourth summer month, the sun was eclipsed. On xinmao the barbarians of Xin Province rebelled; Grand General Zhao Yin was dispatched to lead troops to suppress and pacify them. On gengzi Grand Generals Sima Xiaonan, Hou Mochen Qiong, Yan Qing, Duke of Da'an, Dou Yi, Duke of Shenwu, Chiluo Xie, Duke of Nanyang, Hou Fu Hou Longen, Duke of Pinggao, were all made Pillars of State. On guihai in the fifth month Censor-in-Chief Zheng Xu was dispatched as envoy to Chen. On bingyin Grand Generals Li Bing, Xun, Duke of Zhongshan, Liang, Duke of Qi, Lu Teng, Duke of Shangyong, Yuwen Qiu, Duke of Anyi, Kou Shao, Duke of Beiping, Yuwen Shan, Duke of Xu, Gao Lin, Duke of Qianwei, Daxi Zhen, Duke of Zheng, Yang Zuan, Duke of Longdong, Yu Yi, Duke of Changshan, were all made Pillars of State. On yiwei in the sixth month Grand General Wang Bing, Duke of Taiyuan, was made Pillar of State. That month the Qi general Duan Xiaoxian attacked and captured Fen Province. On yichou in the seventh autumn month Grand General Sheng, Duke of Yue, was made Pillar of State. On guiyou in the eighth month more than five hundred workers of the Inner Palace's Four Barbarians Music and the rear palace's silk gauze crafts were dismissed. On renwu in the tenth winter month Tong, Duke of Ji, died. On yiwei Right Martial Guardian Gu Huikun was dispatched as envoy to Qi. On renyin the emperor personally led the Six Armies and reviewed troops south of the city. On renzi in the eleventh month Grand Generals Rui, Duke of Liang, and Li Yi were both made Pillars of State. On bingchen envoys from Qi arrived on a courtesy visit. On dingsi he traveled to San Pass. On jichou in the twelfth month he returned to the palace. That winter sixty or seventy percent of cattle died of plague.

建德元年春正月戊午，帝幸玄都觀，親禦法座講說，公卿道俗論難，事畢還宮。

On wuwu in the first month of Jiande year one the emperor visited the Mystic Capital Abbey, personally mounted the Dharma seat to lecture, and the ministers, Daoists, and laymen debated; when finished he returned to the palace.

降死罪及流罪一等，其五歲刑已下，並宥之。二月癸酉，遣大將軍、昌城公深使於突厥，司宗李際使於齊。乙酉，柱國、安義公宇文丘薨。三月癸卯朔，日有蝕之。

Death sentences and exile sentences were reduced one degree; punishments of five years and below were all pardoned. On guiyou in the second month Grand General Shen, Duke of Changcheng, was dispatched as envoy to the Turks, and Director of the Imperial Clan Li Ji as envoy to Qi. On yiyou Pillar of State Yuwen Qiu, Duke of Anyi, died. On guimao, the first day of the third month, the sun was eclipsed.

齊人來聘。丙辰，誅大冢宰、晉公護及其子柱國、譚公會，並柱國侯伏侯龍恩及其弟大將軍萬壽，大將軍劉勇等。大赦，改元。罷中外府。癸亥，以太傅尉迥為太師，柱國竇熾為太傅，大司空李穆為太保，齊公憲為大冢宰，衛公直為大司徒，趙公招為大司空，柱國辛威為大司寇，綏德公陸通為大司馬。詔曰：「人勞不止則星動於天，作事不時則石言於國。頃興造無度，征發不已；加以頻歲師旅，農畝廢業，去秋災蝗，年谷不登。自今正調以外，無妄征發。」夏四月甲戌，以代公達、滕肥逌並為柱國。己卯，詔公卿已下，各舉所知。遣工部、代公達使於齊。丙戌，詔百官軍人上封事，極言得失。丁亥，詔斷四方非常貢獻。庚寅，追尊略陽公為孝閔皇帝。

Envoys from Qi arrived on a courtesy visit. On bingchen Grand Preceptor Hu, Duke of Jin, and his son Pillar of State Hui, Duke of Tan, were executed, together with Pillar of State Hou Fu Hou Longen and his younger brother Grand General Wanshou, Grand General Liu Yong, and others. A general amnesty was proclaimed and the reign title was changed. The offices at home and abroad were abolished. On guihai Grand Tutor Yuwen Jiong was made Grand Preceptor, Pillar of State Dou Chi was made Grand Tutor, Grand Minister of Works Li Mu was made Grand Guardian, Xian, Duke of Qi, was made Grand Preceptor, Yu Zhi, Duke of Wei, was made Grand Minister of Education, Zhao, Duke of Zhao, was made Grand Minister of Works, Pillar of State Xin Wei was made Grand Minister of Justice, and Lu Tong, Duke of Suide, was made Grand Marshal. An edict said, "When people labor without cease, stars move in Heaven; when affairs are done out of season, stones speak in the state. Recently construction has been without measure and conscription without end; Added to this, in successive years armies marched and fields lay abandoned; last autumn locusts and disasters struck and the year's grain did not ripen. From now on, apart from the regular levy, there shall be no reckless conscription." On jiaxu in the fourth summer month Da, Duke of Dai, and Fei You, Duke of Teng, were both made Pillars of State. On jimao an edict ordered the Three Dukes and below each to recommend men they knew. Minister of Works Da, Duke of Dai, was dispatched as envoy to Qi. On bingxu an edict invited officials and soldiers to submit sealed memorials and speak frankly of what was right and wrong. On dinghai an edict cut off extraordinary tribute from the four directions. On gengyin the Duke of Lueyang was posthumously honored as Emperor Xiaomin.

癸巳，立魯公赟為皇太子。大赦，百官各加封級。五月壬戌，以大旱，集百官於庭。

On guisi Yun, Duke of Lu, was installed as crown prince. A general amnesty was proclaimed and all officials were advanced in rank and title. On renxu in the fifth month, because of great drought, the hundred officials were assembled in the courtyard.

詔之曰：「亢陽不雨，豈朕德薄，刑賞乖中歟？將公卿大臣，或非其人歟？宜盡直言，無有所隱。」公卿各引咎自責，其夜澍雨。六月庚子，改置宿衛官員。秋七月辛丑，陳人來聘。九月庚子朔，日有蝕之。庚申，扶風掘地得玉杯以獻。冬十月庚午，詔江陵所獲俘虜充官口者，悉免為百姓。辛未，遣小匠師楊勰使於陳。大司馬、綏德公陸通薨。十一月丙午，上親禦六軍，講武於城南。庚戌，行幸羌橋，集京城東諸都督以上，頒賜各有差。乙卯，還宮。壬戌，以大司空、趙公招為大司馬。十二月壬申，行幸斜谷，集京城西諸都督以上，頒賜有差。丙戌，還宮。己丑，帝御正武殿，親錄囚徒，至夜而罷。庚寅，幸道會苑，以上善殿壯麗，遂焚之。

He addressed them, saying, "This fierce yang and lack of rain—is it because my virtue is thin and punishments and rewards miss the mark? Or is it because the great ministers and officials are not the right men? You should speak frankly without concealment." Each of the Three Dukes took blame upon himself; that night timely rain fell. On gengzi in the sixth month the palace-guard offices were reorganized. On xinchou in the seventh autumn month envoys from Chen arrived on a courtesy visit. On gengzi, the first day of the ninth month, the sun was eclipsed. On gengshen in Fufeng a jade cup was dug from the ground and presented. On gengwu in the tenth winter month an edict declared that captives taken at Jiangling who had been made official slaves were all to be released as commoners. On xinwei Junior Artisan Yang Xie was dispatched as envoy to Chen. Grand Marshal Lu Tong, Duke of Suide, died. On bingwu in the eleventh month the emperor personally led the Six Armies and reviewed troops south of the city. On gengxu he traveled to Qiang Bridge, assembled all commanders east of the capital and above, and distributed gifts in varying degrees. On yimao he returned to the palace. On renxu Grand Minister of Works Zhao, Duke of Zhao, was made Grand Marshal. On renshen in the twelfth month he traveled to Xie Valley, assembled all commanders west of the capital and above, and distributed gifts in varying degrees. On bingxu he returned to the palace. On jichou the emperor presided in the Hall of Correct Martiality and personally reviewed prisoners, continuing until night. On gengyin he visited the Way Assembly Park; because the Hall of Highest Good was grand and splendid, he had it burned.

二年春正月辛丑，祀南郊。乙巳，以柱國田弘為大司空，大將軍若干鳳為柱國。

On xinchou in the second year's first spring month sacrifice was offered at the Southern Suburb. On yisi Pillar of State Tian Hong was made Grand Minister of Works, and Grand General Ruogan Feng was made Pillar of State.

庚戌，復置帥都督官。乙卯，享太廟。閏月己巳，陳人來聘。二月甲寅，詔皇太子赟巡撫西土。壬戌，遣司會侯莫陳凱使於齊。省雍州內八郡，並入京兆、馮翊、扶風、咸陽等郡。三月己卯，皇太子於岐州獲白鹿二以獻。詔答曰：「在德不在瑞。」

On gengxu the office of Commander-in-Chief was restored. On yimao sacrifice was offered in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On jisi in the intercalary month envoys from Chen arrived on a courtesy visit. On jiayin in the second month an edict ordered Crown Prince Yun to tour and pacify the western lands. On renxu Director of Meetings Hou Mochen Kai was dispatched as envoy to Qi. Eight commanderies within Yong Province were abolished and merged into Jingzhao, Pingyi, Fufeng, Xianyang, and other commanderies. On jimao in the third month the crown prince at Qi Province obtained two white deer and presented them. An edict replied, "Virtue lies in character, not in omens."

癸巳，省六府諸司中大夫以下官，府置四司，以下大夫為官之長，上士貳之。夏四月己亥，享太廟。丙辰，增改東宮官員。五月丁丑，以柱國侯莫陳瓊為大宗伯，滎陽公司馬消難為大司寇，上庸公陸騰為大司空。六月庚子，省六府員外諸官，皆為丞。壬子，皇孫衎生，文武官普加一級大階。大選諸軍將帥。丙辰，帝御路寢，集諸軍將，勖以戎事。庚申，詔諸軍旗旌皆畫以猛獸鷙鳥之象。秋七月己巳，享太廟。

On guisi the offices of Grand Master and below in the Six Offices were abolished; each office was given four departments, with Lower Grand Masters as department heads and Senior Clerks as deputies. On jihai in the fourth summer month sacrifice was offered in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On bingchen the Eastern Palace offices were expanded and reorganized. On dingchou in the fifth month Pillar of State Hou Mochen Qiong was made Grand Director of Ceremonies, Sima Xiaonan, Duke of Xingyang, was made Grand Minister of Justice, and Lu Teng, Duke of Shangyong, was made Grand Minister of Works. On gengzi in the sixth month the supernumerary offices of the Six Offices were abolished and all were made assistants. On renzi the imperial grandson Yan was born; civil and military officials were universally advanced one major rank. A great selection of army generals and commanders was held. On bingchen the emperor presided in the Road Chamber, assembled the army generators, and exhorted them on military affairs. On gengshen an edict ordered that all army banners and flags be painted with images of fierce beasts and predatory birds. On jisi in the seventh autumn month sacrifice was offered in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.

自春末不雨，至於是月。壬申，集百僚於大德殿，帝責躬罪己，問以時政得失。戊子，雨。八月丙午，改三夫人為三妃。關中大蝗。九月乙丑，陳人來聘。戊寅，詔曰：「頃者婚嫁，競為奢靡，有司宜加宣勒，使遵禮制。」冬十月癸卯，齊人來聘。

From the end of spring rain had not fallen until this month. On renshen the hundred officials were assembled in the Hall of Great Virtue; the emperor blamed himself and asked about gains and losses in current policy. On wuzi rain fell. On bingwu in the eighth month the Three Ladies were changed to Three Consorts. Great locusts struck Guanzhong. On yichou in the ninth month envoys from Chen arrived on a courtesy visit. On wuyin an edict said, "Recently in marriage and betrothal extravagance has been the rule; the officials should admonish and enforce compliance with ritual regulations." On guimao in the tenth winter month envoys from Qi arrived on a courtesy visit.

甲辰，奏六代樂成，帝御崇信殿，集百官觀之。十一月辛巳，帝親帥六軍，講武於城東。癸未，集諸軍都督以上五十人於道會苑大射，帝親臨射堂，大備軍容。十二月癸巳，集群官及沙門道士等，帝升高座，辨釋三教先後。以儒教為先，道教次之，佛教為後。以大將軍赫連達為柱國。詔軍人之間，年多耆壽，可頒授老職，使榮沾邑裏。戊午，聽訟於正武殿，自旦及夜，繼之以燭。

On jiachen the music of the Six Dynasties was completed and presented; the emperor presided in the Hall of Honored Trust, assembled the hundred officials, and viewed it. On xinsi in the eleventh month the emperor personally led the Six Armies and reviewed troops east of the city. On guiwei more than fifty army commanders and above were assembled for a grand archery contest in the Way Assembly Park; the emperor personally came to the archery hall with full military array. On guisi in the twelfth month officials, Buddhist monks, and Daoist priests were assembled; the emperor mounted the high seat and distinguished the order of precedence among the Three Teachings. Confucianism was first, Daoism second, and Buddhism last. Grand General Helian Da was made Pillar of State. An edict declared that among soldiers, those of advanced age over the years might be granted honorary posts so that honor would reach their home districts. On wuwu he heard cases in the Hall of Correct Martiality from dawn until night, continuing by candlelight.

三年春正月壬戌，朝群臣於路門。冊柱國齊公憲、衛公直、趙公招、譙公儉、陳公純、越公盛、代公達、滕公逌並進爵為王。己巳，享太廟。庚午，突厥遣使獻馬。癸酉，詔自今男年十五，女年十三以上，爰及鰥寡，所在以時嫁娶，務從節儉。

On renxu in the third year's first spring month he held court with the ministers at the Road Gate. Pillars of State Xian, Duke of Qi, Yu Zhi, Duke of Wei, Zhao, Duke of Zhao, Jian, Duke of Qiao, Chun, Duke of Chen, Sheng, Duke of Yue, Da, Duke of Dai, and Fei You, Duke of Teng were all advanced in noble rank to king. On jisi sacrifice was offered in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On gengwu the Turks sent envoys presenting horses. On guiyou an edict declared that from now on men aged fifteen and women aged thirteen and above, including widowers and widows, were wherever located to marry in season and strive for thrift.

乙亥，親耕籍田。丙子，初服短衣，享二十四軍督將以下，試以軍旅之法，縱酒盡歡。詔以往歲年谷不登，令公私道俗，凡有貯積粟麥者，皆準口聽留，已外盡糶。

On yihai he personally tilled the sacred field. On bingzi he for the first time wore short garments and entertained the twenty-four army commanders and generals and below, testing them by military methods and letting wine flow freely. An edict declared that because the grain harvest had failed in recent years, whether lay or religious, all who had stored grain and wheat might keep enough for their households; the rest was to be sold off.

二月壬辰朔，日有蝕之。丁酉，紀公康、畢公賢、酆公貞、宋公實、漢公贊、秦公贄、曹公允並進爵為王。丙午，令六府各舉賢良清正之士。癸丑，柱國、許公宇文善有罪免。丙辰，大赦。三月癸酉，皇太后叱奴氏崩。帝居倚廬，朝夕共一溢米，群臣表請，累旬乃止。詔皇太子赟總庶政。夏四月乙卯，齊人來吊赗會葬。丁巳，有星孛於東井。五月庚申，葬文宣後於永固陵，帝袒跣至陵所。辛酉，詔曰：「齊斬之情，經籍彜訓，近代沿革，遂亡斯禮。伏奉遺令，既葬便除；攀慕几筵，情實未忍。三年之喪，達於天子，古今無易之道，王者之所常行。但時有未諧，不得全制；軍國務重，庶有聽朝。衰麻之節，苫廬之禮，率遵前典，以申罔極。百僚以下，宜遵遺令。」公卿上表固請俯就權制，過葬即吉。帝不許，引古答之。群臣乃止。

On renchen, the first day of the second month, the sun was eclipsed. On dingyou Dukes Kang of Ji, Xian of Bi, Zhen of Feng, Shi of Song, Zan of Han, Zan of Qin, and Yun of Cao were all advanced in noble rank to king. On bingwu an edict ordered each of the Six Offices to recommend men of talent, integrity, and purity. On guichou Pillar of State Yuwen Shan, Duke of Xu, was dismissed for crime. On bingchen a general amnesty was proclaimed. On guiyou in the third month Empress Dowager Chinu died. The emperor lived in the mourning hut, morning and evening sharing one yi of rice; the ministers submitted memorials pleading, and only after many days did he stop. An edict ordered Crown Prince Yun to take overall charge of general administration. On yimao in the fourth summer month envoys from Qi came to offer condolences and attend the funeral. On dingsi a broom star appeared at the Well. On gengshen in the fifth month Empress Dowager Wenxuan was buried at Yonggu Mausoleum; the emperor went barefoot to the tomb. On xinyou an edict said, "The emotion of severest mourning is taught in the classics and ordinances; in recent times through successive changes this rite has been lost. I received the final command that once burial was complete mourning should end; yet clinging to the mourning mat, my feelings truly cannot bear it. The three-year mourning reaches even to the Son of Heaven; it is the unchanging way of antiquity and what rulers constantly perform. But the times are not fully in harmony, so the full rite cannot be observed; military and state affairs are weighty, so there must be audience at court. The garb of mourning and the rite of the rush hut shall follow the former canon to express boundless grief. Officials below the hundred are to follow the final command." The Three Dukes submitted memorials firmly requesting that he yield to provisional rites and resume normal dress after burial. The emperor did not consent and answered by citing antiquity. The ministers then desisted.

於是遂申三年之制。五服之內，亦令依禮。初置太子諫議，員四人；文學，十人。

Thereupon the three-year rite was carried out. Within the five degrees of mourning, all were also ordered to follow the rites. For the first time Remonstrators of the Crown Prince were established, four in number; Literary Scholars, ten.

皇子、皇弟友，員各二人；學士，六人。戊辰，詔故晉公護及諸子並追復先封，改葬加謚。丙子，初斷佛、道二教，經像悉毀，罷沙門、道士，並令還俗。並禁諸淫祀，非祀典所載者，盡除之。六月丁未，集諸軍將，教以戰陣之法。壬子，更鑄五行大布錢，以一當十，與布泉錢並行。戊午，詔曰：「至道弘深，混成無際；體包空有，理極幽玄。但歧路既分，源流逾遠；淳離樸散，形器斯乖。遂使三墨八儒，朱紫交競；九流七略，畢說相騰。道隱小成，其來舊矣；不有會歸，爭驅靡息。今可立通道觀。聖哲微言，先賢典訓，金科玉篆，秘賾玄文；可以濟養黎元，扶成教義者，並宜弘闡，一以貫之。俾夫玩培塿者識嵩岱之崇崛；守磧礫者悟渤澥之泓澄，不亦可乎。」秋七月庚申，行幸雲陽宮。乙酉，衛王直在京反，欲突入蕭章門。司武尉遲運等拒守，直敗，遁走。戊子，車駕至自雲陽宮。八月辛卯，禽直於荊州，免為庶人。冬十月丙申，詔禦正楊尚希使於陳。庚子，詔蒲州人遭饑乏絕者，令向郿城以西及荊州管內就食。甲寅，行幸蒲州。乙卯，曲赦蒲州見囚大辟以下。丙辰，行幸同州。十一月戊午，于闐遣使獻名馬。己巳，大閱於同州城東。甲戌，車駕至自同州。十二月戊子，大會衛官及軍人以上，賜錢帛各有差。丙申，改諸軍軍人並名侍官。癸卯，集諸軍講武於臨臯澤。涼州比年地震，壞城郭，地裂湧泉出。

Friends for imperial sons and younger imperial brothers, two each; Academicians, six. On wuchen an edict restored the former enfeoffments of the late Hu, Duke of Jin, and his sons, and reburied them with posthumous titles. On bingzi Buddhism and Daoism were for the first time abolished; scriptures and images were all destroyed, and Buddhist monks and Daoist priests were dismissed and ordered to return to lay life. All improper sacrifices were also forbidden; those not recorded in the canonical rites were entirely abolished. On dingwei in the sixth month army generators were assembled and instructed in battle formation methods. On renzi the Five Elements Great Cloth coin was recast, valued at ten and circulating together with Buquan coin. On wuwu an edict said, "The utmost Way is profound and vast, blending and completing without boundary; its substance embraces emptiness and being, its principle reaches the deepest mystery. But once paths diverged, source and stream grew ever farther; pure simplicity departed and form and vessel fell out of accord. Thus the Three Moists and Eight Confucians vied in red and purple; the Nine Schools and Seven Summaries all contended in argument. The Way hid in partial attainment; this has been so from old; without a gathering point, rivalries would never cease. Now a Passage-to-the-Way Abbey may be established. The subtle words of sages and worthies and the canons and instructions of former worthies, golden statutes and jade inscriptions, hidden mysteries and arcane texts; all that can nourish the people and support the teaching of righteousness should be broadly expounded and threaded on one string. Then those who play with hillocks may know the towering height of Mount Song; those who guard pebbles may perceive the deep clarity of the Bohai—is this not fitting?" On gengshen in the seventh autumn month he traveled to the Cloud Yang Palace. On yiyou King Yu Zhi rebelled in the capital and tried to burst through Xiao Gate. Director of Martial Affairs Yuwen Yun and others held the defense; Zhi was defeated and fled. On wuzi the emperor returned from the Cloud Yang Palace. On xinmao in the eighth month Zhi was captured at Jing Province and degraded to commoner. On bingshen in the tenth winter month an edict ordered Director of the Imperial Clan Yang Shangxi as envoy to Chen. On gengzi an edict ordered people of Pu Province who had suffered famine and destitution to go west of Mei City and within the jurisdiction of Jing Province for food. On jiayin he traveled to Pu Province. On yimao a partial amnesty was proclaimed for prisoners in Pu Province sentenced to death and below. On bingchen he traveled to Tong Province. On wuwu in the eleventh month Khotan sent envoys presenting famous horses. On jisi a grand review was held east of Tong Province city. On jiaxu the emperor returned from Tong Province. On wuzi in the twelfth month palace-guard officers and army personnel and above were assembled and rewarded with money and silk in varying degrees. On bingshen all army soldiers were renamed Attendant Officials. On guimao the armies were assembled for a military review at Lin Gao Marsh. In Liang Province earthquakes had struck for successive years, destroying walls and gates; the ground split and springs gushed forth.

四年春正月戊辰，初置營軍器監。壬申，布寬大之詔，多所蠲免。二月丙戌朔，日有蝕之。辛卯，改置宿衛官員。己酉，柱國、廣德公李意有罪免。三月丙辰，遣小司寇元偉使於齊。郡縣各省主簿一人。甲戌，以柱國、趙王招為雍州牧。夏四月甲午，柱國、燕公於實有罪免。丁酉，初令上書者並為表，於皇太子以下稱啟。秋七月己未，禁五行大布錢不得出入關，布泉錢聽入而不聽出。甲戌，陳人來聘。丙子，召大將軍以上於大德殿，帝親諭以伐齊之旨。言往以政出權宰，無所措懷，自親覽萬機，便圖東討。惡衣菲食，繕甲練兵，數年以來，戰備稍足。而偽主昏虐，恣行無道，伐暴除亂，斯實其時。群臣咸稱善。丁丑，下詔暴齊氏過惡。以柱國、陳王純為前一軍總管，滎陽公司馬消難為前二軍總管，鄭公達奚震為前三軍總管，越王盛為後一軍總管，周昌公侯莫陳瓊為後二軍總管，越王招為後三軍總管，齊王憲帥眾二萬趣黎陽，隨公楊堅、廣寧公侯莫陳回師三萬自渭入河，柱國、梁公侯莫陳芮帥眾一萬守太行道。申國公李穆帥眾三萬守河陽道，常山公於翼帥眾二萬出陳、汝。壬午，上親帥六軍眾六萬，直指河陰。八月癸卯，入齊境，禁伐樹殘苗稼，犯者以軍法從事。丁未，上親帥諸軍，攻拔河陰大城。攻子城未克，上有疾。九月辛酉夜，班師，水軍焚舟而退。齊王憲、於翼、李穆等所在克捷，降拔三十餘城，皆棄而不守。唯以王藥城要害，令儀同三司韓正守之。正尋以城降齊。戊寅，至自東伐。冬十月戊子，初置上柱國、上大將軍官，改開府儀同三司為開府儀同大將軍，又置上開府、上儀同官。閏月，以柱國齊王憲、蜀公尉遲迥為上柱國。詔諸畿郡各舉賢良。十一月己亥，改置司內官員。十二月辛亥朔，日有蝕之。丙子，陳人來聘。

In spring of year four, on wuchen of the first month, the Directorate of Military Equipment was first established. On renshen a lenient edict was promulgated with many remissions and exemptions. On bingxu, the first day of the second month, the sun was eclipsed. On xinmao the palace-guard offices were reorganized. On jiyou Pillar of State Li Yi, Duke of Guangde, was dismissed for crime. On bingchen in the third month Junior Minister of Justice Yuan Wei was dispatched as envoy to Qi. Each commandery and county abolished one Registrar. On jiaxu King Zhao was made Prefect of Yong Province. On jiawu in the fourth summer month Pillar of State Yu Shi, Duke of Yan, was dismissed for crime. On dingyou for the first time all memorial writers were to use the form of a table; below the crown prince they were to use the form of a report. On jiwei in the seventh autumn month the Five Elements Great Cloth coin was forbidden to enter or leave the passes; Buquan coin was allowed in but not out. On jiaxu envoys from Chen arrived on a courtesy visit. On bingzi grand generals and above were summoned to the Hall of Great Virtue; the emperor personally explained the purpose of attacking Qi. He said that formerly, because power lay with the regent, he had nowhere to set his mind; since personally overseeing all affairs of state, he had planned an eastern campaign. Wearing poor clothes and eating sparingly, repairing armor and drilling troops, over several years preparations had gradually become adequate. Meanwhile the false ruler was benighted and cruel, acting without restraint; to punish the violent and remove disorder—this was truly the time. The ministers all declared it good. On dingchou an edict was issued exposing the crimes of the Qi house. King Chen Chun was made commander of the first forward army, Sima Xiaonan, Duke of Xingyang, commander of the second forward army, Daxi Zhen, Duke of Zheng, commander of the third forward army, King Yue Sheng commander of the first rear army, Hou Mochen Qiong, Duke of Zhouchang, commander of the second rear army, King Zhao commander of the third rear army; King Qi Xian led twenty thousand men toward Liyang; Sui Duke Yang Jian and Guangning Duke Hou Mochen Hui led thirty thousand from the Wei into the river; Hou Mochen Rui, Duke of Liang, led ten thousand to hold the Taihang route. Shenguo Duke Li Mu led thirty thousand to hold the Heyang route; Yu Yi, Duke of Changshan, led twenty thousand out through Chen and Ru. On renwu the emperor personally led the Six Armies, sixty thousand strong, straight toward Heyin. On guimao in the eighth month he entered Qi territory; cutting trees and destroying crops was forbidden, offenders to be dealt with by military law. On dingwei the emperor personally led the armies and captured the great city of Heyin. The inner city was not yet taken; the emperor fell ill. On the night of xinyou in the ninth month the army withdrew; the navy burned its boats and retreated. King Qi Xian, Yu Yi, Li Mu, and others won victories wherever they went, capturing and reducing more than thirty cities, all of which were abandoned without being held. Only the strategic city of Wangyao was left, with Acting Third Rank Equal in Honor Han Zheng appointed to hold it. Before long Zheng surrendered the city to Qi. On wuyin he returned from the eastern campaign. On wuzi in the tenth winter month the offices of Supreme Pillar of State and Supreme Grand General were first established; Acting Third Rank Equal in Honor was changed to Acting Grand General Equal in Honor, and the offices of Supreme Opening Grandee and Supreme Equal in Honor were also established. In the intercalary month King Qi Xian and Shu Duke Yuwen Jiong were made Supreme Pillars of State. An edict ordered each capital district to recommend men of talent and virtue. On jihai in the eleventh month the offices of the Inner Ministry were reorganized. On xinhai, the first day of the twelfth month, the sun was eclipsed. On bingzi envoys from Chen arrived on a courtesy visit.

是歲，岐、寧二州人饑，開倉振恤。

That year the people of Qi and Ning provinces suffered famine; granaries were opened for relief.

五年春正月辛卯，行幸河東涑川，集關中河東諸軍校獵。甲午，還同州。丁酉，詔分遣大使，周省四方，察訟聽謠，問人恤隱。廢布泉錢。戊申，初令鑄錢者至絞，從者遠配。二月辛酉，遣皇太子赟巡撫西土，仍討吐谷渾。三月壬寅，車駕至自同州。文宣皇太后服再期。戊申，祥。夏六月戊申朔，日有蝕之。辛亥，享太廟。丙辰，利州總管、紀王康有罪，賜死。秋七月乙未，京師旱。八月戊申，皇太子入吐谷渾，至伏俟城而還。乙丑，陳人來聘。九月丁丑，大醮於正武殿，以祈東伐。冬十月，帝復諭群臣伐齊。以去歲屬有疹疾，遂不得克平逋寇。於時出軍河外，直為撫背，未扼其喉。然晉州本高歡所起，統攝要重，今往攻之，彼必來援，嚴軍以待，擊之必克。然後乘破竹之勢，鼓行而東，足以窮其窟穴。諸將多不願行。帝曰：「機者事之微，不可失矣。沮軍事者，以軍法裁之。」己酉，帝總戎東伐，以越王盛為右一軍總管，杞公亮為右二軍總管，隋公楊堅為右三軍總管；譙王儉為左一軍總管，大將軍竇泰為左二軍總管，廣化公丘崇為左三軍總管，齊王憲、陳王純為前軍。癸亥，帝至晉州，遣齊王憲帥精騎二萬守雀鼠谷，陳王純步騎二萬守千里徑，鄭公達奚震步騎一萬守統軍川，大將軍韓明步兵五千守齊子嶺，烏氏公尹升步騎五千守鼓鐘鎮，涼城公辛韶步騎五千守蒲津關，柱國趙王招步騎一萬自華谷攻汾州諸城，柱國宇文盛步兵一萬守汾水關，遣內史王誼監六軍攻晉州城。帝屯於汾曲。齊王憲攻洪洞、永安二城並拔之。是夜，虹見於晉州城上，首向南，尾入紫宮。帝每日自汾曲赴城下，親督戰。庚午，齊行臺左丞侯子欽出降。壬申，齊晉州刺史崔嵩夜密使送款，上開府王軌應之。未明登城，遂克晉州。甲戌，以上開府梁士彥為晉州刺史以鎮之。十一月己卯，齊主自并州帥眾來援，帝以其兵新集，且避之，乃詔諸軍班師。齊主逐圍晉州。齊王憲屯諸軍於涑水為晉州聲援。河東地震。癸巳，至自東伐，獻俘於太廟。丙申，放齊諸城鎮降人還。丁酉，帝發京師。壬寅，度河，與諸軍合。十二月戊申，次晉州。庚戌，帝帥諸軍八萬，置陣東西二十餘里；乘常御馬，從數人巡陣。所至輒呼主帥姓名以慰勉之，將士感見知之恩，各思自厲。將戰，有司請換馬，帝曰：「朕獨乘良馬何所之？」齊主亦於塹北列陣。申後，齊人填塹南引，帝大喜，勒諸軍擊之，齊人便退。齊主與其麾下數十騎走還并州。齊眾大潰，軍資甲仗數百里間委棄山積。辛亥，帝幸晉州，仍率諸軍追齊主。諸將固請還師，帝曰：「縱敵患生。卿等若疑，朕將獨往。」諸將不敢言。甲寅，齊主遣其丞相高阿那肱守高壁，帝麾軍直進，那肱望風退散。丙辰，師次介休，齊將韓建業舉城降，以為上柱國，封郇國公。丁巳，大軍次并州。齊主留其從兄安德王延宗守并州，自將輕騎走鄴。是日，詔齊王公以下，示以逆順之道，於是齊將帥降者相繼。

In spring of year five, on xinmao of the first month, he traveled to the Su River in Hedong and assembled the army officers of Guanzhong and Hedong for a hunt. On jiawu he returned to Tong Province. On dingyou an edict dispatched grand commissioners to tour the four directions, examine lawsuits, listen to songs, and inquire into the people's hardships. Buquan coin was abolished. On wushen for the first time those who cast coin were sentenced to strangulation; accomplices were sent to distant exile. On xinyou in the second month Crown Prince Yun was dispatched to tour and pacify the western lands and also attack Tuyuhun. On renyin in the third month the emperor returned from Tong Province. The mourning period for Empress Dowager Wenxuan reached its second anniversary. On wushen the sacrificial rites at the end of mourning were performed. On wushen, the first day of the sixth summer month, the sun was eclipsed. On xinhai sacrifice was offered in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On bingchen Area Commander King Ji Kang was guilty and granted death. On yiwei in the seventh autumn month the capital suffered drought. On wushen in the eighth month the crown prince entered Tuyuhun territory, reached Fuxi City, and returned. On yichou envoys from Chen arrived on a courtesy visit. On dingchou in the ninth month a grand offering was performed in the Hall of Correct Martiality to pray for the eastern campaign. In the tenth winter month the emperor again addressed the ministers on attacking Qi. Because last year he had suffered from illness, he had been unable to conquer and pacify the fleeing enemy. At that time the army had gone out beyond the river and had merely patted the enemy's back without gripping his throat. Yet Jin Province was originally where Gao Huan rose to power, commanding a critical region; if we attack it now, they will surely come to its aid; with the army held in readiness, striking them we are certain to prevail. Then riding the momentum of splitting bamboo, marching east with drums beating, would suffice to exhaust their lair. Most of the generals did not wish to go. The emperor said, "Opportunity is the subtle point of affairs and cannot be lost. Whoever discourages the army shall be judged by military law." On jiyou the emperor took overall command of the eastern campaign; King Yue Sheng was made commander of the first right army, Liang, Duke of Qi, commander of the second right army, and Sui Duke Yang Jian commander of the third right army; King Qiao Jian was made commander of the first left army, Grand General Dou Tai commander of the second left army, Guanghua Duke Qiu Chong commander of the third left army; King Qi Xian and King Chen Chun were the forward army. On guihai the emperor reached Jin Province and dispatched King Qi Xian to lead twenty thousand elite cavalry to hold Sparrow-Rat Pass, King Chen Chun with twenty thousand infantry and cavalry to hold Thousand-Li Path, Daxi Zhen, Duke of Zheng, with ten thousand infantry and cavalry to hold Commander's River, Grand General Han Ming with five thousand infantry to hold Qizi Ridge, Yin Sheng, Duke of Wushi, with five thousand infantry and cavalry to hold Drum-Bell Fort, Xin Shao, Duke of Liangcheng, with five thousand infantry and cavalry to hold Pujin Pass, King Zhao with ten thousand infantry and cavalry to attack the cities of Fen Province from Huagu, Pillar of State Yuwen Sheng with ten thousand infantry to hold Fen River Pass, and Inner Scribe Wang Yi to supervise the Six Armies in attacking Jin Province city. The emperor encamped at Fen Bend. King Qi Xian attacked and captured both Hongdong and Yong'an. That night a rainbow appeared over Jin Province city, its head pointing south and its tail entering the Purple Palace. Each day the emperor went from Fen Bend to below the city and personally directed the fighting. On gengwu Left Assistant of the Qi Field Secretariat Hou Ziqin came out and surrendered. On renshen Jin Prefect of Qi Cui Song secretly sent word of surrender by night; Acting Opening Grandee Wang Gui responded. Before dawn they mounted the wall and captured Jin Province. On jiaxu Acting Opening Grandee Liang Shiyan was made Prefect of Jin Province to garrison it. On jimao in the eleventh month the Qi ruler personally led troops from Bing Province to its aid; the emperor, considering their troops newly assembled, avoided them and ordered the armies to withdraw. The Qi ruler then besieged Jin Province. King Qi Xian stationed the armies at Su River as a supporting force for Jin Province. There was an earthquake in Hedong. On guisi he returned from the eastern campaign and presented captives in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On bingshen those who had surrendered from Qi garrison cities were released and sent home. On dingyou the emperor set out from the capital. On renyin he crossed the river and joined the armies. On wushen in the twelfth month he halted at Jin Province. On gengxu the emperor led eighty thousand troops and set battle lines more than twenty li from east to west; riding his usual horse with only a few men he toured the lines. Wherever he went he called out commanders by name to encourage them; the soldiers, moved by the grace of being known, each strove to exert himself. As battle was about to begin, the officials requested a change of horse; the emperor said, "If I alone ride a fine horse, where would I go?" The Qi ruler also drew up lines north of the moat. After shen hour the Qi men filled the moat and advanced south; the emperor was greatly pleased and ordered the armies to attack; the Qi men at once retreated. The Qi ruler fled back to Bing Province with several dozen horsemen under his command. The Qi host broke completely; military stores and armor were abandoned in heaps for hundreds of li. On xinhai the emperor visited Jin Province and still led the armies in pursuit of the Qi ruler. The generals firmly requested withdrawal; the emperor said, "To let the enemy go breeds disaster. If you doubt, I shall go alone." The generals did not dare speak further. On the day jiayin the Qi ruler sent his Chancellor Gao Anaguo to hold Gaobi; the emperor waved the army straight forward and Anaguo dispersed at the sight of the wind. On bingchen the army halted at Jiexiu; Qi General Han Jianye surrendered the city and was made Supreme Pillar of State and enfeoffed as Duke of Xun. On dingsi the great army halted at Bing Province. The Qi ruler left his cousin Prince Ande Yan Zong to hold Bing Province and himself led light cavalry to flee to Ye. That day an edict was issued to Qi princes and dukes and below, showing them the way of obedience and rebellion; thereupon Qi commanders and generals surrendered in succession.

戊午，高延宗僭即偽位，改年曰德昌。己未，軍次并州。帝帥諸軍合戰，齊人退，帝遂北入城東門，諸軍繞城置陣。至夜，延宗帥其眾排陣而前，城中軍卻，人相蹂踐，大為延宗所敗。齊人欲閉門，以閫下積屍，扉不得闔，帝從數騎，崎嶇危險，僅得出門。至明，帥諸軍更戰，大破之，禽延宗，并州平。壬戌，詔曰：昔天厭水運，龍戰於野，兩京否隔，四紀於茲。朕垂拱巖廊，君臨宇縣；相邠人於海內，混楚弓於天下。一物失所，有若推溝。方欲德綏未服，義征不譓。偽主高緯，放命燕、齊，怠慢典刑，俶擾天紀。加以背惠怒鄰，棄信忘義。朕應天從物，伐罪吊人；一鼓而蕩平陽，再舉而摧強敵。偽署王公，相繼道左。高緯智窮數屈，逃竄草間。偽安德王高延宗，擾攘之間，遂竊名號，與偽齊昌王莫多婁敬顯等，收合余燼，背城借一。王威既振，魚潰鳥離；破竹更難，建瓴非易。延宗眾散，衿甲軍門。根本既傾，枝葉自隕。幽青海岱，折簡而來；冀北河南，傳檄可定。八纮共貫，六合同風。方當偃伯靈臺，休牛桃塞，無疆之慶，非獨在予。漢皇約法，除其茍政，姬王輕典，刑彼新邦。思覃惠澤，被之率土；新集臣庶，皆從蕩滌。可大赦天下。高緯及王公以下，若釋然歸順，咸許自新。諸亡入偽朝，亦從寬宥。官榮次序，依例無失。齊制偽令，即宜削除。鄒、魯搢紳，幽、并騎士，一介可稱，並宜銓錄。

On wuwu Gao Yan Zong presumptuously took the false throne and changed the era name to Dechang. On jiwei the army halted at Bing Province. The emperor led the armies in combined battle; the Qi men retreated and the emperor entered the city's east gate; the armies encircled the city and set their lines. By night Yan Zong led his host forward in battle array; the army in the city fell back and men trampled one another, suffering a great defeat at Yan Zong's hands. The Qi men wished to close the gate, but corpses piled beneath the bar so the doors would not shut; the emperor with a few horsemen passed through perilous terrain and barely got out. By dawn he led the armies to fight again, inflicted a great defeat, captured Yan Zong, and Bing Province was pacified. On renxu an edict said: In olden days Heaven rejected the Water Virtue and dragons battled in the wild; the two capitals were cut off for four reigns until now. I sit in reverent ease in the palace hall and rule the realm; I gather the people of Bin within the seas and unite the bows of Chu under Heaven. If one thing loses its place, it is like pushing it into a ditch. I intend to soothe the unsubmissive with virtue and punish the unyielding with righteousness. The false ruler Gao Wei, reckless in Yan and Qi, negligent of canonical punishments, disturbed Heaven's order. Added to this, he turned his back on kindness and raged at neighbors, abandoning faith and forgetting righteousness. I follow Heaven and accord with things, punishing crime and comforting the people; with one drum the Yang was swept clean, with a second blow the strong enemy was shattered. False princes and dukes of the usurping court surrendered one after another along the road. Gao Wei, his wits exhausted and his fate spent, fled and hid among the grass. The false Prince Ande Gao Yan Zong, amid the turmoil, stole a title, and with the false Prince of Qi Chang Mo Duolou Jingxian and others gathered the remaining embers and borrowed one last stand behind the walls. Once royal authority was displayed, fish scattered and birds fled; splitting bamboo grows harder, pouring from the eaves is not easy. Yan Zong's host dispersed and he came to the camp gate in armor. Once the root is toppled, branches and leaves fall of themselves. Youqing and Haidai in the north will come at a summons; Jibei and Henan in the south can be settled by proclamation. The eight cords are threaded on one string; the six harmonies share one wind. Soon we shall sheathe arms at the Spirit Terrace and rest oxen at Taosai; boundless celebration belongs not to me alone. The Han emperor made a simple covenant and removed harsh government; the Zhou king used lenient statutes to punish the new domain. I think to spread gracious favor over all the land; the newly gathered subjects and commoners shall all be cleansed by it. A general amnesty may be proclaimed throughout the realm. Gao Wei and princes and dukes and below, if they willingly submit, are all permitted to renew themselves. All who fled into the false court shall also receive leniency. Official rank and precedence shall follow precedent without loss. False Qi statutes and usurping orders should at once be abolished. Gentry of Zou and Lu, horsemen of You and Bing—any man of merit should be selected and recorded.

丙寅，出齊宮中金銀寶器珠玉麗服及宮女二千人，班賜將士。以柱國趙王招、陳王純、越王盛、杞公亮、梁公侯莫陳芮、庸公王謙、北平公寇紹、鄭公達奚震並為上柱國，封齊王憲子安城郡公質為河間王。諸有功者封授各有差。癸酉，帝帥六軍趣鄴。

On bingyin gold, silver, treasures, jade, fine garments from the Qi palace, and two thousand palace women were distributed to the soldiers. Kings Zhao, Chen, Yue, Liang, Duke of Qi, Hou Mochen Rui, Duke of Liang, Wang Qian, Duke of Yong, Kou Shao, Duke of Beiping, and Daxi Zhen, Duke of Zheng, were all made Supreme Pillars of State; Zhi, Duke of Ancheng Commandery, son of King Qi Xian, was enfeoffed as Prince of Hejian. Those with merit received enfeoffments and appointments in varying degrees. On guiyou the emperor led the Six Armies toward Ye.

六年春正月乙亥，齊主傳位於其太子恒，改年曰承光，自號太上皇。壬辰，帝至鄴。癸巳，帥諸軍圍之，齊人拒守，諸軍奮擊，大破之，遂平。齊主先送其母及妻子於青州，及城陷，帥數十騎走青州，遣大將軍尉勤追之。是戰也，於陣獲其齊昌王莫多婁敬顯，帝數之曰：「汝有死罪三：前從并州走鄴，棄母攜妻妾，是不孝；外為偽主戮力，內實通啟於朕，是不忠；送款之後，猶持兩端，是不信。如此用懷，不死何待。」遂斬之。是日，西方有聲如雷。甲午，帝入鄴城。詔去年大赦班宣未及之處，皆從赦例。己亥，詔曰：「晉州大陣至鄴，身殞戰場者，其子即授父本官。」

On yihai in the first month of year six the Qi ruler abdicated to his crown prince Heng, changed the era name to Chengguang, and styled himself Retired Emperor. On renchen the emperor reached Ye. On guisi he led the armies to besiege it; the Qi men held the defense; the armies attacked fiercely, inflicted a great defeat, and pacified it. The Qi ruler had first sent his mother and wife and children to Qing Province; when the city fell he fled with several dozen horsemen toward Qing Province; Grand General Wei Qin was dispatched in pursuit. In this battle the Prince of Qi Chang Mo Duolou Jingxian was captured in the lines; the emperor counted his crimes, saying, "You have three capital offenses: formerly fleeing from Bing Province to Ye, abandoning your mother and taking wife and concubines—this is unfilial; outwardly striving for the false ruler while inwardly secretly informing me—this is disloyal; after submitting your allegiance, still holding to both sides—this is faithless. With such intent, why wait for death?" He was then beheaded. That day there was a sound like thunder in the west. On jiawu the emperor entered Ye city. An edict declared that places where last year's general amnesty had not yet been proclaimed were all to follow the amnesty precedent. On jihai an edict said, "From the great battle at Jin Province to Ye, those who died on the battlefield—their sons shall immediately receive their fathers' original offices."

尉勤禽齊主及其太子恒於青州。庚子，詔曰：「偽齊之末，奸佞擅權，濫罰淫刑，動掛羅網。偽右丞相咸陽王故斛律明月、偽待中特進開府故崔季舒等七人，或功高獲罪，或直言見誅。朕兵以義動，翦除凶暴，表閭封墓，事切下車。宜追贈謚，並加窆措。其見在子孫，各隨廕敘錄。家口田宅沒官者，並還之。」辛丑，詔偽齊東山、南園及三臺，並毀撤。瓦木諸物凡入用者，盡賜百姓。山園之田，各還本主。

Wei Qin captured the Qi ruler and his crown prince Heng at Qing Province. On gengzi an edict said, "At the end of false Qi, wicked flatterers monopolized power, punishments were excessive and tortures rampant, and the net of law was constantly cast. The late Right Chancellor and Prince of Xianyang Hulu Mingyue, the late Palace Attendant and Special Advance Opening Grandee Cui Jishu, and five others—some punished despite high merit, some executed for frank speech. My army moved with righteousness, cutting down the violent; to mark their lanes and seal their tombs is urgent upon descending from the carriage. Posthumous titles should be conferred and burial honors added. Their living descendants should each receive inherited appointment according to rank. Households and fields and dwellings confiscated by the state should all be returned." On xinchou an edict ordered the Eastern Mountain, Southern Park, and Three Terraces of false Qi all destroyed and dismantled. Tiles, timber, and all usable materials were entirely bestowed on the common people. Fields of the mountain parks were each returned to their original owners.

二月丙午，論定諸軍勛，置酒於齊太極殿，會軍士以上，班賜有差。丁未，齊主至，帝降自阼階，見以賓主禮。齊任城王湝在冀州，擁兵未下，遣上柱國、齊王憲與柱國、隋公楊堅討平之。齊范陽王高紹義叛入突厥。齊諸行臺州鎮悉降，關東平。合州五十五，郡一百六十二，縣三百八十五，戶三百三十萬二千五百八十八，口二千萬六千八百八十六。乃於河陽及幽、青、南兗、豫、徐、北朔、定州置官管府。相、並二總管，各置官及六府官。癸丑，詔自偽武平三年以來，河南諸州人，偽齊破掠為奴婢者，不問公私，並放免之。其住在淮南者，亦即聽還；願住淮北者，可隨便安置。癃疾孤老不能自存者，所在矜恤。乙卯，車駕發自鄴。三月壬午，詔山東諸州各舉士。夏四月乙巳，至自東伐。列齊主於前，其王公等並從，車輿旌旗及器物以次陳於其後。大駕布六軍，備凱樂，獻俘於太廟。京邑觀者，皆稱萬歲。戊申，封齊主為溫國公。庚戌，大會群臣及諸蕃客於路寢。乙卯，廢蒲、陜、涇、寧四州總管。己巳，享太廟。詔分遣使人，巡方撫慰，觀風省俗。五月丁丑，以柱國、譙王儉為大冢宰。庚辰，以上柱國、杞公亮為大司徒，鄭公達奚震為大宗伯，梁公侯莫陳芮為大司馬，柱國、應公獨孤永業為大司寇，鄖公韋孝寬為大司空。辛巳，大醮於正武殿，以報功。己丑，祀方丘。詔曰：「往者，冢臣專任，制度有違，正殿別寢，事窮壯麗。非直雕墻峻宇，深戒前王；而締構弘敞，有逾清廟；不軌不物，何以示後。兼東夏初平，人未見德；率先海內，宜自朕始。其路寢、會義、崇信、含仁、雲和、思齊諸殿等，農隙之時，悉可毀撤。雕斫之物，並賜貧人。繕造之宜，務從卑樸。」戊戌，詔曰：「京師宮殿，已從撤毀；並、鄴二所，華侈過度，誠復作之非我，豈容因而弗革。諸堂殿壯麗，並宜除蕩；甍宇雜物，分賜窮人。三農之隙，別漸營構，止蔽風雨，務在卑狹。」庚子，陳人來聘。是月，青城門無故自崩。

On bingwu in the second month the merit of the armies was assessed; wine was set out in the Qi Hall of Supreme Ultimate; army soldiers and above were assembled and gifts distributed in varying degrees. On dingwei the Qi ruler arrived; the emperor descended the steps and received him with the rites of host and guest. Prince Rencheng Gao Huan of Qi held Ji Province with troops still unsubmissed; Supreme Pillar of State King Qi Xian and Pillar of State Sui Duke Yang Jian were dispatched to suppress and pacify him. Prince of Fanyang Gao Shaoyi of Qi rebelled and fled among the Turks. All Qi field secretariats, provinces, and garrisons surrendered; east of the Pass was pacified. In total there were fifty-five provinces, one hundred sixty-two commanderies, three hundred eighty-five counties, three million three hundred two thousand five hundred eighty-eight households, and twenty million six hundred eighty-eight thousand six hundred mouths. Thereupon at Heyang and at You, Qing, Southern Yan, Yu, Xu, Northern Shuo, and Ding provinces administrative offices and garrison commands were established. At Xiang and Bing two grand protectors were established, each with officials and Six Office staff. On guichou an edict declared that since false Wuping year three, people of the Henan provinces whom false Qi had captured and made slaves and maidservants, whether public or private, were all to be released. Those residing south of the Huai were also permitted to return; those wishing to remain north of the Huai might be settled as convenient. The crippled, aged, and orphaned unable to support themselves were to be compassionately aided wherever found. On yimao the imperial carriage set out from Ye. On renwu in the third month an edict ordered each province east of the mountains to recommend scholars. On yisi in the fourth summer month he returned from the eastern campaign. The Qi ruler was placed in front; his princes and dukes followed; chariots, banners, and objects were arrayed in order behind. The great procession deployed the Six Armies with triumphant music and presented captives in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Spectators in the capital all shouted ten thousand years. On wushen the Qi ruler was enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Wen. On gengxu a grand assembly of ministers and envoys from the various foreign states was held in the Road Chamber. On yimao the grand protectors of Pu, Shan, Jing, and Ning provinces were abolished. On jisi sacrifice was offered in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. An edict dispatched envoys to tour the regions, offer comfort, observe customs, and inspect the people. On dingchou in the fifth month Pillar of State King Qiao Jian was appointed Grand Preceptor. On gengchen Supreme Pillar of State Liang, Duke of Qi, was made Grand Minister of Education, Daxi Zhen, Duke of Zheng, was made Grand Director of Ceremonies, Hou Mochen Rui, Duke of Liang, was made Grand Marshal, Pillar of State Dugu Yongye, Duke of Ying, was made Grand Minister of Justice, and Wei Xiaokuan, Duke of Yun, was made Grand Minister of Works. On xinsi a grand offering was performed in the Hall of Correct Martiality to report merit. On jichou sacrifice was offered at the Square Mound. An edict said, "Formerly the regent held sole power and institutions were violated; separate chambers and side halls reached extremes of splendor. It is not only carved walls and towering houses that deeply warn former kings; structures vast and grand exceeded even the Clear Temple; what is not standard and not proper—how can it be shown to posterity? Moreover eastern Xia has just been pacified and the people have not yet seen virtue; to lead the realm within the seas, I should begin with myself. The Road Chamber, Assembly of Righteousness, Honored Trust, Inclusive Benevolence, Cloud Harmony, and Seeking Harmony halls and others—in the intervals of farming may all be destroyed and dismantled. Carved objects are to be bestowed on the poor. In construction, simplicity and plainness are to be followed." On wuxu an edict said, "The capital palaces have already been dismantled; those at Bing and Ye are excessively lavish; though rebuilding is not my wish, how can I allow them to remain unchanged? All halls and chambers of splendor should be cleared away; rafters, tiles, and miscellaneous goods should be distributed to the destitute. In the intervals of the three farm seasons, construction may proceed gradually, sheltering only from wind and rain, striving for lowliness and narrowness." On gengzi envoys from Chen arrived on a courtesy visit. That month the Green City Gate collapsed without cause.

六月辛亥，禦正武殿錄囚徒。甲子，東巡。丁卯，詔曰：「自今不得娶母同姓以為妻妾。」秋七月丙戌，行幸洛州。己丑，詔山東諸州，舉有才望者赴行在所，共論政事得失。八月壬寅，議權衡度量，頒於天下。其不依新式者，悉追停之。詔曰：「以刑止刑，以輕代重，罪不及嗣，皆有定科。雜役之徒，獨異常憲，一從罪配，百代不免。罰既無窮，刑何以措？凡諸雜戶，悉放為百姓。配雜之科，因之永削。」

On xinhai in the sixth month he presided in the Hall of Correct Martiality over the review of prisoners. On jiazi he toured the east. On dingmao an edict said, "From now on one may not take a wife or concubine of the same surname as one's mother." On bingxu in the seventh autumn month he traveled to Luo Province. On jichou an edict ordered the provinces east of the mountains to recommend men of talent and reputation to come to the imperial camp and jointly discuss gains and losses in government. On renyin in the eighth month weights and measures were deliberated and promulgated throughout the realm. Those not conforming to the new standard were all ordered to cease use. An edict said, "To stop punishment with punishment, to replace the heavy with the light, crimes not reaching to heirs—all have fixed statutes. Miscellaneous corvée persons alone differ from the regular code; once assigned by crime, for a hundred generations they are not released. If punishment is endless, how can punishments be set aside? All miscellaneous households are to be released as commoners. The statute of assignment to miscellaneous status is thereby abolished forever."

甲子，鄭州獻九尾狐，皮肉銷盡，骨體猶具。帝曰：「瑞應之來，必昭有德。若使五品時序，州海和平，家識孝慈，乃能致此。今無其時，恐非實錄。」乃令焚之。

On jiazi Zheng Province presented a nine-tailed fox; flesh and skin were consumed but the skeleton remained intact. The emperor said, "When auspicious responses come, they must proclaim virtue. Only if the five ranks are in season and provinces and seas at peace, and every household knows filial piety and compassion, can this be brought about. Now is not that time; I fear this is not a true record." He then ordered it burned.

九月壬申，以柱國鄧公竇熾、申公李穆為上柱國。戊寅，初令庶人以上，非朝祭之服，唯得衣綢、綿綢、絲布、圓綾、紗、絹、綃、葛、布等九種。壬辰，詔東土諸州儒生，明一經以上，並舉送，州郡以禮發遣。冬十月戊申，行幸鄴宮。戊午，改葬德皇帝於冀州，帝服緦，哭於太極殿，百官素服哭。是月，誅溫公高緯。十一月壬申，封皇子充為道王，兌為蔡王。癸酉，陳將吳明徹侵呂梁，徐州總管梁士彥與戰不利，退守徐州。遣上大將軍、郯公王軌討之。是月，稽胡反，遣齊王憲討平之。

On renshen Pillar of State Dou Chi, Duke of Deng, and Li Mu, Duke of Shen, were made Supreme Pillars of State. On wuyin for the first time commoners and above, except for court and sacrificial dress, were permitted to wear only nine kinds of cloth: silk gauze, cotton silk, raw silk, round gauze, fine gauze, thin silk, light silk, hemp, and plain cloth. On renchen an edict ordered Confucian scholars of the eastern provinces who had mastered one classic or more all to be recommended and sent off by their provinces and commanderies with ritual honors. On wushen in the tenth winter month he traveled to the Ye palace. On wuwu Emperor De was reburied in Ji Province; the emperor wore fine hemp mourning and wept in the Hall of Supreme Ultimate; the hundred officials wept in white dress. That month Gao Wei, Duke of Wen, was executed. On renshen in the eleventh month the imperial sons Chong and Dui were enfeoffed as Prince of Dao and Prince of Cai. On guiyou the Chen general Wu Mingche invaded Lüliang; Area Commander Liang Shiyan of Xu Province fought unfavorably and withdrew to hold Xu Province. Supreme Grand General Wang Gui, Duke of Tan, was dispatched to suppress him. That month the Ji barbarians rebelled; King Qi Xian was dispatched to suppress and pacify them.

詔自永熙三年七月以來，十月以前，東土人被鈔在化內為奴婢者；及平江陵日，良人沒為奴婢者，並免同人伍。詔曰：「正位於中，有聖通典，質文相革，損益不同。

An edict declared that from the seventh month of Yongxi year three through the tenth month, eastern people who had been seized within the borders and made slaves and maidservants; and on the day Jiangling was pacified, free persons who had been made slaves and maidservants, were all released to join common households. An edict said, "To establish the correct position at the center has a sage's universal canon; substance and ornament change in succession and increase and decrease differ.

五帝則四星之象，三王制六宮之數。劉、曹已降，等列彌繁，選擇偏於生靈，命秩方於庶職，椒房丹地，有眾如雲，本由嗜欲之情，非關風化之義。朕運當澆季，思復古始，弘贊後庭，事從簡約。可置妃二人，世婦三人，禦妻三人。自茲以外，宜悉減省。」己亥晦，日有蝕之。初行《刑書要制》。持杖群強盜一疋以上，不持杖群強盜五疋以上，監臨主掌自盜二十疋以上，小盜及詐請官物三十疋以上，正長隱五戶及十丁以上、隱地三頃以上，皆至死。《刑書》所不載者，自依律科。十二月，北營州刺史高寶寧據州反。庚申，行幸并州宮。移并州軍人四萬戶於關中。戊辰，廢并州宮及六府。是歲，吐谷渾、百濟並遣使朝貢。

The Five Emperors modeled the image of four stars; the Three Kings regulated the number of six palaces. From the Liu and Cao dynasties onward ranks grew ever more numerous; selection leaned toward the living masses and appointments resembled common offices; inner chambers and vermilion halls held crowds like clouds—all from the appetite for pleasure, unrelated to the meaning of transforming customs. My fate falls in a decadent age; I think to restore antiquity and broadly honor the rear court with utmost simplicity. Two Consorts, three Court Ladies, and three Imperial Wives may be established. Beyond this all should be reduced and cut." On jihai, the last day of the month, the sun was eclipsed. The Essentials of Punishment Code was first implemented. Armed bandits in groups stealing one bolt or more, unarmed bandits in groups stealing five bolts or more, supervising officials stealing twenty bolts or more of their own accord, petty thieves and those fraudulently obtaining official goods of thirty bolts or more, village chiefs concealing five households and ten adult males or more or concealing three qing of land or more—all were punishable by death. What the Punishment Code did not record was judged according to the regular statutes. In the twelfth month Prefect Gao Baoning of Northern Ying Province rebelled and held the province. On gengshen he traveled to the Bing Province palace. Forty thousand households of Bing Province soldiers were moved to Guanzhong. On wuchen the Bing Province palace and Six Offices were abolished. That year Tuyuhun and Baekje both sent tribute missions.

宣政元年春正月癸酉，吐谷渾偽趙王他婁屯來降。壬午，行幸鄴宮。辛卯，幸懷州。癸巳，幸洛州。詔於懷州置宮。二月甲辰，柱國、大冢宰、譙王儉薨。丁巳，車駕至自東巡。乙丑，以上柱國、越王盛為大冢宰，陳王純為雍州牧。三月戊辰，於蒲州置宮，廢同州及長春二宮。壬申，突厥遣使朝貢。甲戌，初服常冠，以皂紗為之，加簪而不施纓導，其制若今之折角巾也。上大將軍王軌破陳師於呂梁，禽其將吳明徹等，俘斬三萬餘人。丁亥，詔柱國豆盧寧征江南武陵、南平等郡所有士庶為人奴婢者，悉依江陵放免。壬辰，改元。夏四月壬子，初令遭父母喪者，聽終制。

On guiyou in the first month of Xuanzheng year one the false Prince of Zhao Talaodun of Tuyuhun came to surrender. On renwu he traveled to the Ye palace. On xinmao he visited Huai Province. On guisi he visited Luo Province. An edict ordered a palace established at Huai Province. On jiachen in the second month Pillar of State and Grand Preceptor King Qiao Jian died. On dingsi the emperor returned from the eastern tour. On yichou Supreme Pillar of State King Yue Sheng was made Grand Preceptor and King Chen Chun was made Prefect of Yong Province. On wuchen in the third month a palace was established at Pu Province; the Tong Province and Changchun palaces were abolished. On renshen the Turks sent a tribute mission. On jiaxu he for the first time wore the regular cap, made of black gauze with a pin but without tassel or guide; its form was like today's folded-corner kerchief. Supreme Grand General Wang Gui defeated Chen forces at Lüliang, captured their general Wu Mingche and others, and took more than thirty thousand prisoners killed and captured. On dinghai an edict ordered Pillar of State Doulu Ning campaigning in Jiangnan in Wuling, Nanping, and other commanderies to release all scholars and commoners held as slaves and maidservants, following the Jiangling precedent. On renchen the reign title was changed. On renzi in the fourth summer month for the first time those who suffered the death of parents were permitted to complete the full mourning period.

庚申，突厥入寇幽州。五月己丑，帝總戎北伐，遣柱國原公姬願、東平公宇文神舉等五道俱入。發關中公私馬驢悉從軍。癸巳，帝不豫，止於雲陽宮。丙申，詔停諸軍。六月丁酉，帝疾甚，還京。其夜崩於乘輿，時年三十六。遺詔曰：人肖形天地，稟質五常；修短之期，莫非命也。朕君臨宇縣，十有九年，未能使百姓安樂，刑措不用。未旦求衣，分宵忘寢。昔魏室將季，海內分崩；太祖扶危翼傾，肇開王業。燕、趙榛蕪，又竊名號。朕上述先誌，下順人心，遂與王公將帥，共平東夏。雖復妖氛蕩定，而人勞未康，每一念如此，若臨冰谷。將欲包舉六合，混同文軌。今遘疾大漸，力氣稍微，有誌不申，以此嘆息。天下事重，萬機不易；王公以下，爰及庶寮，宜輔導太子，副朕遺意；令上不負太祖，下無失為臣。朕雖瞑目九泉，無所復恨。朕平生居處，每存菲薄；非直以訓子孫，亦乃本心所好。喪事資用，須使儉而合禮。墓而不墳，自古通典。隨吉即葬，葬訖公除。四方士庶，各三日哭。妃嬪以下無子者，悉放還家。

On gengshen the Turks invaded and raided You Province. On jichou in the fifth month the emperor took overall command of the northern campaign and dispatched Pillar of State Ji Yuan, Duke of Yuan, Dongping Duke Yuwen Shenju, and others in five columns to enter together. All public and private horses and donkeys of Guanzhong were mobilized for the army. On guisi the emperor fell ill and halted at the Cloud Yang Palace. On bingshen an edict ordered all armies to halt. On dingyou in the sixth month the emperor's illness was grave and he returned to the capital. That night he died in the imperial carriage at the age of thirty-six. The final edict said: Humans resemble Heaven and Earth in form and receive the essence of the Five Constants; the span of life long or short is none other than fate. I have ruled the realm for nineteen years yet have been unable to make the people secure and happy or to leave punishments unused. Before dawn I sought clothing; through the night I forgot sleep. Formerly when the Wei house was near its end, the realm split apart; the Grand Ancestor supported the tottering and opened the royal enterprise. Yan and Zhao lay waste, yet again false titles were stolen. I above followed the prior will and below accorded with the people's hearts, and together with princes, dukes, generals, and commanders pacified eastern Xia. Though demonic vapors were swept away, the people's labor is not yet at ease; each time I think of this it is like standing over icy valleys. I intended to embrace all within the six directions and unify writing and cart-tracks. Now I meet a grave illness and my strength fades; my ambition cannot be fulfilled, and for this I sigh. The affairs of the realm are weighty and myriad tasks are not easy; princes, dukes, and below, reaching to the various officials, should assist and guide the crown prince according to my final wish; so that above he does not fail the Grand Ancestor and below he does not err as ruler. Though I close my eyes in the nine springs, I have nothing further to regret. In life my dwelling was always kept frugal; not only to instruct my descendants but also because it was the inclination of my own heart. Funeral expenses should be kept economical yet in accord with rites. Burial without a mound is the universal canon from antiquity. Follow the auspicious day for burial; when burial is complete, public mourning ends. Scholars and commoners of the four directions should each mourn for three days. Consorts and below without sons should all be released to return home.

謚曰武皇帝，廟稱高祖。己未，葬於孝陵。帝沈毅有智謀，初以晉公護專權，常自晦跡，人莫測其深淺。及誅護之後，始親萬機，克己勵精，聽覽不怠。用法嚴整，多所罪殺。號令懇惻，唯屬意於政。群下畏服，莫不肅然。性既明察，少於恩惠；凡布懷立行，皆欲逾越古人。身衣布袍，寢布被，無金寶之飾。諸宮殿華綺者，皆撤毀之，改為土階數尺，不施櫨栱。其雕文刻鏤，錦繡纂組，一皆禁斷。後宮嬪御，不過十餘人。勞謙接下，自強不息。以海內未康，銳情教習，至於校兵閱武，步行山谷，履涉勤苦，皆人所不堪。平齊之役，見軍士有跣行者，帝親脫靴以賜之。

The posthumous title is Emperor Wu; the temple name is Gaozu. On jiwei he was buried at Xiao Mausoleum. The emperor was deep and resolute with wisdom and strategy; at first, because Grand Preceptor Hu monopolized power, he often concealed his traces and no one could fathom his depth. After Hu was executed he personally took charge of all affairs, restraining himself and striving diligently, listening and reviewing without slackening. He applied the law with strict integrity and executed many. His orders were earnest and he focused solely on government. Those below feared and submitted; none were not reverent. By nature he was perceptive and clear-sighted, sparing in kindness; in every act of broad intent and established conduct he wished to surpass the men of old. He wore cloth robes and slept under cloth quilts, with no adornment of gold or jewels. All palaces and halls of splendor were dismantled and changed to earthen steps several chi high, without capitals or bracketing. Carved ornament, inlaid carving, brocade embroidery, and woven trim were all forbidden. Consorts and imperial women of the rear palace numbered no more than a dozen. He toiled humbly in receiving others and strove without ceasing. Because the realm within the seas was not yet at peace, he keenly devoted himself to training; in reviewing troops and inspecting martial readiness, walking mountain valleys and treading hardship, all were beyond what others could bear. During the campaign to pacify Qi, seeing soldiers walking barefoot, the emperor personally removed his boots and bestowed them.

每晏會將士，必自執杯勸酒，或手付賜物。至於征伐之處，躬在行陣。性又果決，能斷大事，故能得士卒死力，以弱制強。破齊之後，遂欲窮兵極武。平突厥、定江南，一二年間，必使天下一統，此其志也。

Whenever he feasted with generals he always held the cup himself to urge wine, or personally handed out gifts. In places of campaign and conquest he was personally in the battle lines. By nature he was also resolute and decisive, able to decide great affairs; thus he could obtain the soldiers' utmost effort and use the weak to overcome the strong. After breaking Qi he then wished to exhaust the realm in war. To pacify the Turks and settle Jiangnan—in one or two years he would surely unify the realm under Heaven; such was his ambition.

宣皇帝諱赟，字幹伯，武帝長子也。母曰李太后。武成元年，生於同州。保定元年五月丙午，封魯國公。建德元年四月癸巳，武帝親告廟，冠於阼階，立為皇太子。二年，詔皇太子巡撫西土。文宣後崩，武帝諒暗，詔太子總朝政，五旬而罷。

Emperor Xuan, taboo name Yun, style name Ganbo, was the eldest son of Emperor Wu. His mother was Empress Dowager Li. In Wucheng year one he was born at Tong Province. On bingwu in the fifth month of Baoding year one he was enfeoffed as Duke of Lu. On guisi in the fourth month of Jiande year one Emperor Wu personally announced at the temple, capped him on the steps, and installed him as crown prince. In year two an edict ordered the crown prince to tour and pacify the western lands. When Empress Dowager Wenxuan died, Emperor Wu observed deep mourning; an edict ordered the crown prince to take overall charge of court affairs for fifty days and then cease.

武帝每巡幸四方，太子常留監國。五年二月，又詔太子巡西土，因討吐谷渾。

Whenever Emperor Wu toured the four directions, the crown prince always remained to oversee the state. In the second month of year five an edict again ordered the crown prince to tour the western lands and attack Tuyuhun.

宣政元年六月丁酉，武帝崩，戊戌，太子即皇帝位。尊皇后曰皇太后。甲子，誅上柱國、齊王憲。閏月乙亥，詔山東流人新復業，及突厥侵掠家口破亡不能存濟者，給復一年。立妃楊氏為皇后。辛巳，以上柱國、趙王招為太師，陳王純為太傅，柱國、代王達、滕王逌、盧公尉遲運、薛公長孫覽並為上柱國。是月，幽州盧昌期據范陽反，詔柱國、東平公宇文神舉討平之。秋七月乙巳，享太廟。丙午，祀圓丘。

On dingyou in the sixth month of Xuanzheng year one Emperor Wu died; on wuxu the crown prince ascended the imperial throne. The empress was honored as empress dowager. On jiazi Supreme Pillar of State King Qi Xian was executed. On yihai in the intercalary month an edict declared that eastern refugees newly restored to livelihood, and those whose households had been destroyed by Turk raids and could not survive, were granted one year's remission of levies. Consort Yang was installed as empress. On xinsi Supreme Pillar of State King Zhao was made Grand Tutor, King Chen Chun was made Grand Preceptor, Pillars of State Kings Dai and Teng You, Lu Duke Yuwen Yun, and Xue Duke Zhangsun Lan were all made Supreme Pillars of State. That month Lu Changqi of You Province rebelled and held Fanyang; an edict ordered Pillar of State Dongping Duke Yuwen Shenju to suppress and pacify him. On yisi in the seventh autumn month sacrifice was offered in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On bingwu sacrifice was offered at the Round Mound.

戊申，祀方澤。庚戌，以小宗伯、岐公斛斯徵為大宗伯。壬戌，以南兗州總管、隋公楊堅為上柱國、大司馬。癸亥，尊所生李氏為帝太后。八月丙寅，夕月於西郊。

On wushen sacrifice was offered at the Square Mound. On gengxu Junior Director of Ceremonies Husizheng, Duke of Qi, was made Grand Director of Ceremonies. On renxu Area Commander Sui Duke Yang Jian was made Supreme Pillar of State and Grand Marshal. On guihai his birth mother Lady Li was honored as Empress Dowager. On bingyin in the eighth month the moon was worshipped at the Western Suburb at evening.

長安、萬年二縣人居京城者，給復三年。壬申，幸同州。遣大使『巡察諸州。制九條，宣下州郡。其母族絕服外者，聽婚。以上柱國、薛公長孫覽為大司徒，柱國、楊公王誼為大司空。丙戌，以柱國、永昌公椿為大司寇。九月丁酉，以柱國宇文盛、張掖公王傑、枹罕公辛威、鄖國公韋孝寬並為上柱國。庚戌，封皇弟元為荊王。詔諸應拜者，皆以三拜成禮。冬十月癸酉，至自同州。戊子，百濟遣使朝貢。十一月己亥，講武於道會苑，帝親擐甲。是月，突厥犯邊，圍酒泉，殺掠吏士。十二月甲子，以柱國、畢王賢為大司空。己丑，以上柱國、河陽總管、滕王逌為行軍元帥，伐陳。免京師見徒，並令從軍。

Residents of Chang'an and Wannian counties living in the capital were granted three years' remission of levies. On renshen he visited Tong Province. Grand envoys were dispatched to inspect the provinces. Nine articles were promulgated and sent down to the provinces and commanderies. Those outside mourning for extinct maternal lines were permitted to marry. Supreme Pillar of State Zhangsun Lan, Duke of Xue, was made Grand Minister of Education and Pillar of State Wang Yi, Duke of Yang, was made Grand Minister of Works. On bingxu Pillar of State Chun, Duke of Yongchang, was made Grand Minister of Justice. On dingyou in the ninth month Pillars of State Yuwen Sheng, Wang Jie, Duke of Zhangye, Xin Wei, Duke of Baohan, and Wei Xiaokuan, Duke of Yun, were all made Supreme Pillars of State. On gengxu the imperial younger brother Yuan was enfeoffed as Prince of Jing. An edict ordered that all who should bow perform the complete rite with three bows. On guiyou in the tenth winter month he returned from Tong Province. On wuzi Baekje sent a tribute mission. On jihai in the eleventh month a military review was held in the Way Assembly Park; the emperor personally donned armor. That month the Turks violated the border, besieged Jiuquan, and killed and plundered officials and soldiers. On jiazi in the twelfth month Pillar of State King Bi Xian was made Grand Minister of Works. On jichou Supreme Pillar of State Area Commander King Teng You was made campaign commander-in-chief to attack Chen. Prisoners visible in the capital were pardoned and all ordered to join the army.

大象元年春正月乙丑，受朝於路門，帝服通天冠、絳紗袍，群臣皆服漢魏衣冠。

On yichou in the first month of Daxiang year one he received audience at the Road Gate; the emperor wore the Tongtian crown and crimson gauze robe; the ministers all wore Han and Wei caps and robes.

大赦，改元為大成。初置四輔官，以大冢宰、越王盛為大前疑，蜀公尉遲迥為大右弼，申公李穆為大左輔，大司馬隋公楊堅為大後丞。癸卯，封皇子衍為魯王。甲辰，東巡。丙午，以柱國、常山公於翼為大司徒。辛亥，以柱國、許公宇文善為大宗伯。

A general amnesty was proclaimed and the reign title was changed to Dacheng. Four Assistant offices were first established: Grand Preceptor King Yue Sheng was made Grand Forward Doubter, Shu Duke Yuwen Jiong was made Grand Right Assistant, Shen Duke Li Mu was made Grand Left Assistant, and Grand Marshal Sui Duke Yang Jian was made Grand Rear Chancellor. On guimao the imperial son Yan was enfeoffed as Prince of Lu. On jiachen he toured the east. On bingwu Pillar of State Yu Yi, Duke of Changshan, was made Grand Minister of Education. On xinhai Pillar of State Yuwen Shan, Duke of Xu, was made Grand Director of Ceremonies.

戊午，行幸洛陽。立魯王衍為皇太子。二月癸亥，詔曰：「河、洛之地，舊稱朝市，自魏氏失馭，城闕為墟。我太祖受命酆、鎬，有懷光宅；高祖往巡東夏，布政此宮。

On wuwu he traveled to Luoyang. Prince of Lu Yan was installed as crown prince. On guihai in the second month an edict said, "The lands of the Yellow and Luo rivers were formerly called the court and market; since the Wei house lost control, walls and gates became ruins. Our Grand Ancestor received the mandate at Feng and Hao, cherishing the wish to illuminate the realm; the Grand Ancestor formerly toured eastern Xia and spread government in this palace.

朕以眇身，祗承寶運，雖庶幾聿修之志，敢忘燕翼之心。一昨駐蹕金墉，備嘗遊覽。

I with my slight person inherit the precious fortune; though I scarcely emulate the will to continue cultivation, I dare not forget the heart to shelter posterity. Recently I halted at Jinyong and fully tasted its sights.

百王制度，基址尚存。今若因循，為功易立。宜命邦事，修復舊都。奢儉取文質之間，功役依子來之義。北瞻河內，咫尺非遙，前詔經營，今宜停罷。」於是發山東諸州兵，增一月功為四十五日役，起洛陽宮。常役四萬人，以迄晏駕。並移相州六府於洛陽，稱東京六府。殺柱國、徐州總管、郯公王軌。停南討諸軍。以趙王招女為千金公主，嫁於突厥。乙亥，行幸鄴。丙子，初令總管、刺史行兵者加持節，余悉罷之。辛巳，詔傳位於皇太子衍。大赦，改元，大成為大象。帝於是自稱天元皇帝，所居稱天臺，冕二十有四旒，車服旗鼓皆以二十四為節。內史、禦正皆置上大夫。皇帝衍稱正陽宮。置納言、禦正、諸衛等官，皆準天臺。尊皇太后為天元皇太后。癸未，日出、將入時，其中並有烏色，大如雞卵，經四日乃滅。戊子，以大前疑、越王盛為太傅，大右弼、蜀公尉迥為大前疑，代王達為大右弼。辛卯，詔徙鄴城石經於洛陽。又詔洛陽凡是元遷戶，並聽還洛州。此外欲往者，聽之。河陽、幽、相、豫、亳、青、徐七總管受東京六府處分。三月庚申，車駕至自東巡，大陳軍伍，親擐甲胄，入自青門。皇帝衍備法駕從，百官迎於青門外。是時驟雨，儀衛失容。

The institutions of the hundred kings and their foundations still remain. If we follow precedent now, the work can easily be established. The affairs of the state should be ordered to restore the old capital. Extravagance and thrift should take the middle between substance and ornament; corvée should follow the principle of the people coming willingly. Looking north to Henei, it is close at hand; the prior edict on construction should now be halted." Thereupon troops of the eastern provinces were mobilized, one month of corvée was increased to forty-five days of service, and the Luoyang palace was begun. Regular corvée was forty thousand men until his death. The Six Offices of Xiang Province were also moved to Luoyang and called the Eastern Capital Six Offices. Pillar of State Area Commander Wang Gui, Duke of Tan, was killed. The southern campaign armies were halted. The daughter of King Zhao was made Princess Qianjin and married to the Turks. On yihai he traveled to Ye. On bingzi for the first time grand protectors and prefects leading troops on campaign were given command staffs; all others were abolished. On xinsi an edict transmitted the throne to Crown Prince Yan. A general amnesty was proclaimed and the reign title was changed; Dacheng became Daxiang. The emperor then styled himself Emperor of Heaven; his residence was called the Celestial Terrace; his crown had twenty-four tassels; chariots, dress, banners, and drums all used twenty-four as their measure. Inner Scribe and Director of the Imperial Clan each had a Grand Master placed above them. Emperor Yan was styled the Palace of Correct Yang. Censor-in-Chief, Director of the Imperial Clan, and the various guards all had offices established according to the Celestial Terrace model. The empress dowager was honored as Celestial Empress Dowager. On guiwei at sunrise and as the sun was about to set, within it were dark patches the size of a chicken egg; after four days they vanished. On wuzi Grand Forward Doubter King Yue Sheng was made Grand Tutor, Grand Right Assistant Shu Duke Yuwen Jiong was made Grand Forward Doubter, and King Dai was made Grand Right Assistant. On xinmao an edict ordered the stone classics of Ye city moved to Luoyang. An edict also declared that all households of Guangqian origin in Luoyang were permitted to return to Luo Province. Those elsewhere who wished to go were also permitted. The seven grand protectors of Heyang, You, Xiang, Yu, Bo, Qing, and Xu received orders from the Eastern Capital Six Offices. On gengshen in the third month the emperor returned from the eastern tour; the armies were arrayed in grand formation; he personally donned armor and entered through the Green Gate. Emperor Yan with full imperial equipage followed; the hundred officials welcomed him outside the Green Gate. At that time a sudden rain fell and the ceremonial guard lost its order.

辛酉，封趙王招第二子貫為永康縣王。夏四月壬戌朔，有司奏言日蝕，不視事。過時不蝕，乃臨軒。立妃朱氏為天元帝後。癸亥，以柱國、畢王賢為上柱國。己巳，享太廟。壬午，大醮於正武殿。五月辛亥，以洛州襄國郡為趙國，齊州濟南郡為陳國，豐州武當、安富二郡為越國，潞州上黨郡為代國，荊州新野郡為滕國，邑各一萬戶。令趙王招、陳王純、越王盛、代王達、滕王逌並之國。是月，遣使簡視京城及諸州士庶女，充選後宮。突厥寇并州。六月，咸陽有池水變為血。征山東諸州人修長城。秋七月庚寅，以大司空、畢王賢為雍州牧，大後丞、隋公楊堅為大前疑，柱國、滎陽公司馬消難為大後丞。丙申，納大後丞司馬消難女為正陽宮皇后。己酉，尊帝太后李氏為天皇太后。壬子，改天元帝後朱氏為天皇后，立妃元氏為天右皇后，妃陳氏為天左皇后。八月庚申，幸同州。壬申，還宮。甲戌，以天左皇后父大將軍陳山提、天右皇后父開府元晟並為上柱國。初，武帝作《刑書要制》，用法嚴重。

On xinyou the second son of King Zhao, Guan, was enfeoffed as Prince of Yongkang County. On renxu, the first day of the fourth summer month, the officials memorialized that the sun would be eclipsed and no business was conducted. When the time passed without an eclipse, he then held audience. Consort Zhu was installed as Celestial Empress. On guihai Pillar of State King Bi Xian was made Supreme Pillar of State. On jisi sacrifice was offered in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On renwu a grand offering was performed in the Hall of Correct Martiality. On xinhai in the fifth month Xiangguo Commandery of Luo Province was made the State of Zhao, Jinan Commandery of Qi Province the State of Chen, Wudang and Anfu commanderies of Feng Province the State of Yue, Shangdang Commandery of Lu Province the State of Dai, and Xinye Commandery of Jing Province the State of Teng, each fief with ten thousand households. Kings Zhao, Chen, Yue, Dai, and Teng You were all ordered to their states. That month envoys were dispatched to inspect commoner women of the capital and the provinces to fill the rear palace. The Turks raided Bing Province. In the sixth month pool water at Xianyang turned to blood. People of the eastern provinces were conscripted to repair the Great Wall. On gengyin in the seventh autumn month Grand Minister of Works King Bi Xian was made Prefect of Yong Province, Grand Rear Chancellor Sui Duke Yang Jian was made Grand Forward Doubter, and Pillar of State Sima Xiaonan, Duke of Xingyang, was made Grand Rear Chancellor. On bingshen the daughter of Grand Rear Chancellor Sima Xiaonan was taken as empress of the Palace of Correct Yang. On jiyou Empress Dowager Li was honored as Celestial Imperial Empress Dowager. On renzi the Celestial Empress Consort Zhu was changed to Celestial Empress; Consort Yuan was installed as Celestial Right Empress and Consort Chen as Celestial Left Empress. On gengshen in the eighth month he visited Tong Province. On renshen he returned to the palace. On jiaxu the father of the Celestial Left Empress, Grand General Chen Shanti, and the father of the Celestial Right Empress, Opening Grandee Yuan Sheng, were both made Supreme Pillars of State. Formerly Emperor Wu composed the Essentials of Punishment Code, applying the law with severity.

及帝即位，恐物情未附，除之。至是，為《刑經聖制》，其法深刻，大醮於正武殿，告天而行焉。壬午，以上柱國、雍州牧畢王賢為太師，上柱國、郇公韓建業為大左輔。是月，所在蟻群鬥，各四五尺，死者十八九。九月己卯，以酆王貞為大冢宰。

When the emperor came to the throne, fearing that popular sentiment was not yet attached, he abolished it. Now he made the Sacred Code of Punishment Canon; its laws were harsh and deep; a grand offering was performed in the Hall of Correct Martiality and proclaimed to Heaven. On renwu Supreme Pillar of State and Prefect of Yong Province King Bi Xian was made Grand Preceptor and Supreme Pillar of State Han Jianye, Duke of Xun, was made Grand Left Assistant. That month ant swarms fought everywhere, each group four or five chi; eighty or ninety percent died. On jimao in the ninth month King Feng Zhen was made Grand Preceptor.

上柱國、鄖公韋孝寬為行軍元帥，率行軍總管杞公亮、郕公梁士彥伐陳。遣禦正杜果使於陳。冬十月壬戌，幸道會苑，大醮，以高祖武皇帝配醮。初復佛象及天尊象，帝與二象俱南坐。大陳雜戲，令京城士庶縱觀。是月，相州人段德舉謀反，伏誅。

Supreme Pillar of State Wei Xiaokuan, Duke of Yun, was made campaign commander-in-chief, leading campaign commanders Liang, Duke of Qi, and Liang Shiyan, Duke of Ying, to attack Chen. Director of the Imperial Clan Du Guo was dispatched as envoy to Chen. On renxu in the tenth winter month he visited the Way Assembly Park and performed a grand offering with Emperor Gaozu Wu as associate in the rite. Buddha images and images of the Celestial Worthy were for the first time restored; the emperor sat facing south together with the two images. Miscellaneous entertainments were displayed in grand array, and commoners of the capital were allowed to watch freely. That month Duan Deju of Xiang Province plotted rebellion and was executed.

十一月乙未夜，行幸同州。壬寅，還宮。丁巳，初鑄永通萬國錢，以一當千，與五行大布並行。是月，韋孝寬拔壽陽，杞國公亮拔黃城，梁士彥拔廣陵。陳人退走，於是江北盡平。十二月戊午，以災異屢見，帝御路寢，見百官。詔曰：「朕以寡德，君臨區宇。始於秋季，及此玄冬，幽憂殷勤，屢貽深戒。至有金入南斗，木犯軒轅；熒惑幹房，又與土合；流星照夜，東南而下。然則南斗主於爵祿，軒轅為於後宮，房曰明堂，布政所也。火、土則憂孽之兆，流星乃兵凶之驗。豈其宮人失序，女謁尚行，政事乖方，憂患將至，何其昭著，若斯之甚。將避正寢，齋居克念；惡衣減膳，去飾徹懸；披不諱之誠，開直言之路。欲使刑不濫及，賞弗逾等，選舉以才，宮闈修德。宜宣諸內外，庶盡弼諧；允葉人心，用消天譴。」於是舍仗衛，往天興宮。百官上表，勸復寢膳，許之。甲子，還宮，禦正武殿。集百官及宮人、內外命婦，大列妓樂；又縱胡人乞寒，用水澆沃以為戲樂。乙丑，行幸洛陽。帝親禦驛馬，日行三百里。四皇后及文武侍衛數百人，並乘驛以從。令四後方駕齊驅，或有先後，便加譴責。人馬頓仆，相屬於道。己卯，還宮。

On the night of yiwei in the eleventh month he traveled to Tong Province. On renyin he returned to the palace. On dingsi the Ever-Tong Myriad Realms coin was first cast, valued at a thousand and circulating together with the Five Elements Great Cloth. That month Wei Xiaokuan captured Shouyang, Qi State Duke Liang captured Huangcheng, and Liang Shiyan captured Guangling. The Chen men retreated and thereupon all north of the Yangtze was pacified. On wuwu in the twelfth month, because strange omens had repeatedly appeared, the emperor presided in the Road Chamber and received the hundred officials. An edict said, "I with meager virtue rule the realm. From autumn until this deep winter, deep anxiety has repeatedly brought stern warnings. There have been metal entering the Southern Dipper and wood striking Xuanyuan; Mars interfering with the Room and again joining with Saturn; a meteor shining at night and descending to the southeast. Then the Southern Dipper governs rank and emolument; Xuanyuan governs the rear palace; the Room is the Bright Hall, the place where government is spread. Fire and earth are signs of calamity and affliction; the meteor is an omen of military disaster. Is it not that the palace women are out of order, female favorites still hold sway, government misses its course, and disaster is about to arrive—how plainly has it been shown? I shall withdraw from the principal chamber, dwell in fasting and fix my thoughts; wear poor clothes, reduce my meals, remove ornament and take down bells; open the way of frank speech without concealment. I wish to make punishments not reach beyond measure and rewards not exceed rank, select officials by talent, and cultivate virtue in the inner palace. This should be proclaimed within and without so that all may harmonize in assistance; truly accord with the people's hearts and thereby dispel Heaven's reproof." Thereupon he set aside guards and attendants and went to the Tianxing Palace. The hundred officials submitted memorials urging restoration of chamber and meals; he consented. On jiazi he returned to the palace and presided in the Hall of Correct Martiality. The hundred officials, palace women, and inner and outer titled ladies were assembled and entertainers displayed in grand array; barbarian cold-water dousing games were also staged for amusement. On yichou he traveled to Luoyang. The emperor personally drove relay horses, traveling three hundred li in a day. The four empresses and several hundred civil and military attendants all rode relays in follow. He ordered the four empresses to drive abreast; if one was ahead or behind, punishment followed. Men and horses fell exhausted one after another along the road. On jimao he returned to the palace.

二年春正月丁亥，帝受朝於道會苑。癸巳，享太廟。乙巳，造二扆，畫日月象以置左右。戊申，雨雪。雪止又雨細黃土，移時乃息。乙卯，詔江右諸州新附人，給復二十年。初稅入市者，人一錢。二月丁巳，帝幸路門學，行釋奠禮。戊午，突厥遣使獻方物，且逆千金公主。乙丑，改制詔為天制，敕為天敕。尊天元皇太后為天元上皇太后，天皇太后李氏曰天元聖皇太后。癸未，立天元皇后楊氏為天元大皇后，天皇后朱氏為天大皇后，天右皇后元氏為天右大皇后，天左皇后陳氏為天左大皇后，正陽宮皇后直稱皇后。是月，洛陽有禿鹙鳥集新太極殿前，滎州有黑龍見，與赤龍鬥於汴水側，黑龍死。三月丁亥，賜百官及百姓大酺。詔進封孔子為鄒國公，邑數準舊，並立後承襲，別於京師置廟，以時祭享。戊子，行軍總管、杞公亮舉兵反，行軍元帥韋孝寬獲而殺之。辛卯，行幸同州。增候正，前驅式道，為三百六十重，自應門至赤岸澤，數十里間，幡旗相蔽，鼓樂俱作。又令武賁持鈒馬上，稱警蹕，以至同州。乙未，改同州宮為天成宮。庚子，車駕至自同州。詔天臺侍衛，皆著五色及紅紫綠衣，以雜色緣，名曰品色衣；有大事，與公服間服之。壬寅，詔內外命婦皆執笏，其拜宗廟及天臺，皆俯伏。甲辰，初置天中大皇后，立天左大皇后陳氏為天中大皇后，立妃尉遲氏為天左大皇后。夏四月己巳，享太廟。己卯，以旱故，降見囚死罪已下。壬午，幸仲山祈雨，至咸陽宮，雨降。甲申，還宮。令京城士女於衢巷作音樂以迎候。五月甲午，帝備法駕幸天興宮。乙未，帝不悆，還宮。

On dinghai in the second year's first spring month the emperor received audience at the Way Assembly Park. On guisi sacrifice was offered in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On yisi two screens were made with images of the sun and moon placed left and right. On wushen snow and rain fell. When the snow stopped, fine yellow dust rained and ceased only after a while. On yimao an edict granted twenty years' remission of levies to newly submitted people of the provinces west of the Yangtze. For the first time a tax of one coin was levied on those entering the market. On dingsi in the second month the emperor visited the Road Gate Academy and performed the libation sacrifice rite. On wuwu the Turks sent envoys presenting local products and escorting Princess Qianjin. On yichou edicts were changed to Heavenly Edicts and commands to Heavenly Commands. The Celestial Grand Empress Dowager was honored as Supreme Celestial Grand Empress Dowager and Celestial Imperial Empress Dowager Lady Li as Sacred Celestial Imperial Empress Dowager. On guiwei Celestial Empress Consort Yang was installed as Supreme Celestial Empress, Celestial Empress Consort Zhu as Grand Celestial Empress, Celestial Right Empress Consort Yuan as Grand Celestial Right Empress, Celestial Left Empress Consort Chen as Grand Celestial Left Empress, and the empress of the Palace of Correct Yang was simply called empress. That month bald vultures alighted before the new Hall of Supreme Ultimate in Luoyang; in Rong Province a black dragon appeared and fought a red dragon beside the Bian River; the black dragon died. On dinghai in the third month a grand feast was bestowed on the hundred officials and commoners. An edict advanced Confucius to Duke of Zou with a fief matching the old standard, established a heir to continue the line, and set up a temple in the capital for seasonal sacrifice. On wuzi Campaign Commander Liang, Duke of Qi, rebelled; Campaign Commander-in-Chief Wei Xiaokuan captured and killed him. On xinmao he traveled to Tong Province. Advance guards were increased, vanguard path-clearers extended to three hundred sixty ranks; from the Response Gate to Chian Marsh, for several tens of li banners and flags blocked the view and drums and music sounded together. Martial guards were also ordered to hold halberds on horseback, proclaiming the imperial progress, all the way to Tong Province. On yiwei the Tong Province palace was renamed the Heavenly Completion Palace. On gengzi the emperor returned from Tong Province. An edict declared that Celestial Terrace attendants should all wear five-colored and red, purple, and green garments with mixed-color trim, called rank-colored robes; for great affairs they were worn alternately with formal dress. On renyin an edict ordered inner and outer titled ladies all to carry court tablets; in bowing at the ancestral temple and Celestial Terrace they all prostrated themselves. On jiachen the Grand Celestial Empress Consort was first established; Grand Celestial Left Empress Consort Chen was installed as Grand Celestial Empress and Consort Yuwen as Celestial Left Empress. On jisi in the fourth summer month sacrifice was offered in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On jimao, because of drought, visible prisoners sentenced to death and below were reduced in punishment. On renwu he visited Zhong Mountain to pray for rain, reached Xianyang Palace, and rain fell. On jiashen he returned to the palace. Commoners of the capital were ordered to make music in the streets to welcome him. On jiawu in the fifth month he with full imperial equipage visited the Tianxing Palace. On yiwei the emperor felt unwell and returned to the palace.

詔揚州總管、隋公楊堅入侍疾。丁未，追趙、越、陳、代、滕五王入朝。己酉，大漸。禦正下大夫劉昉與內史上大夫鄭譯矯制以隋公楊堅受遺輔政。是日，帝崩於天德殿，時年二十二。謚宣皇帝。七月丙申，葬定陵。

An edict ordered Area Commander Sui Duke Yang Jian to enter and attend the illness. On dingwei the five kings Zhao, Chen, Yue, Dai, and Teng were recalled to court. On jiyou his illness became critical. Director of the Imperial Clan Junior Grand Master Liu Fang and Inner Scribe Grand Master Zheng Yi forged an edict ordering Sui Duke Yang Jian to receive the final command and assist in government. That day the emperor died in the Heavenly Virtue Hall at the age of twenty-two. The posthumous title is Emperor Xuan. On bingshen in the seventh month he was buried at Ding Mausoleum.

帝之在東宮也，武帝慮其不堪承嗣，遇之甚嚴。朝見進止，與諸臣無異；雖隆寒盛署，亦不得休息。性嗜酒，武帝遂禁醪醴不許至東宮。帝每有過，輒加捶撲。

When the emperor was in the Eastern Palace, Emperor Wu feared he was unfit to succeed and treated him very strictly. In audience and in advancing or withdrawing he was no different from the various ministers; even in severe cold or intense heat he was given no rest. By nature he loved wine; Emperor Wu therefore forbade ale and wine from reaching the Eastern Palace. Whenever the emperor had faults, beating and flogging were added.

嘗謂之曰：「古來太子被廢者幾人，余兒豈不堪立邪！」於是遣東宮官屬錄帝言語動作，每月奏聞。帝懼威嚴，矯情修飾，以是惡不外聞。嗣位之初，方逞其欲。大行在殯，曾無戚容，即通亂先帝宮人。才逾年，便恣聲樂，采擇天下子女，以充後宮。好自矜誇，飾非拒諫。禪位之後，彌復驕奢。耽酗於後宮，或旬日不出，公卿近臣請事者，皆附閹官奏之。所居宮殿，帷帳皆飾以金玉珠寶，光華炫耀，極麗窮奢。及營洛陽宮，雖未成畢，其規摹壯麗，逾於漢、魏遠矣。唯自尊崇，無所顧憚。

He once said to him, "Through the ages how many crown princes have been deposed—is my son not fit to be installed?" Thereupon Eastern Palace officials were ordered to record the emperor's words and actions and report them monthly. The emperor feared this severity, feigned feeling and polished his conduct, and so his wickedness was not heard outside. At the beginning of his succession he then gave full rein to his desires. While the late emperor's coffin was still in the hall he showed no grieving countenance and at once violated the late emperor's palace women. After barely a year he indulged in music and pleasure, selecting daughters from throughout the realm to fill the rear palace. He loved to boast of himself and adorn wrongs while rejecting remonstrance. After abdicating he became even more arrogant and extravagant. He drowned himself in drink in the rear palace and sometimes did not emerge for ten days; when dukes and ministers near at hand requested audience, all reported through eunuchs. The palaces where he dwelt had curtains all adorned with gold, jade, and jewels, dazzling and splendid to the utmost of beauty and extravagance. When building the Luoyang palace, though not yet complete, its scale and splendor far exceeded Han and Wei. He honored only himself and feared nothing.

國典朝儀，率情變改。後宮位號，莫難詳錄。每對臣下，自稱為天。以五色土塗所禦天德殿，各隨方色。又於後宮，與皇后等列坐，用宗廟禮器罇彜圭瓚之屬。以次食焉。又令群臣朝天臺者，致齋三日，清身一日。車旗章服，倍於前王之數。既自比上帝，不欲令人同己。常自帶授及冠通天冠，加金附蟬，顧見侍臣武弁上有金蟬，及王公有綬者，並令去之。又不聽人有高者大者之稱，諸姓高者改為姜，九族稱高祖者為長祖，曾為次長祖。官稱名位，凡謂上及大者，改為長；有天者，亦改之。

National canons and court ritual were altered at whim. The ranks and titles of the rear palace are hard to record in full. Facing ministers he called himself Heaven. The Heavenly Virtue Hall where he resided was coated with five-colored earth, each according to its directional color. Also in the rear palace he sat in row with the empresses and others, using ancestral temple ritual vessels such as zun, yi, gui, and jue. They ate in turn according to rank. He also ordered ministers attending the Celestial Terrace to observe fasting for three days and purification for one day. Carriages, banners, seals, and dress were double the number of former kings. Comparing himself to the Supreme Lord, he did not wish others to be like himself. He often wore the sash and crown himself, adding a golden cicada to the Tongtian crown; seeing courtiers' martial caps with golden cicadas and princes and dukes with ribbons, he ordered them all removed. He also forbade people to use terms of height or greatness; those surnamed Gao were changed to Jiang; in the nine agnates those who called a grandfather "high ancestor" were changed to "chief ancestor" and a great-grandfather to "second chief ancestor. In official titles and ranks, wherever "upper" or "great" appeared, it was changed to "chief"; wherever "heaven" appeared, that too was changed.

又令天下車皆渾成為輪，禁天下婦人皆不得施粉黛，唯宮人得乘有輻車，加粉黛焉。

He also ordered all chariots in the realm to have solid wheels and forbade all women in the realm to apply powder and rouge; only palace women might ride chariots with spokes and apply powder and rouge.

西陽公溫，杞公亮之子，即帝從祖兄子也。其妻尉遲氏有容色，因入朝，帝遂飲以酒，逼而淫之。亮聞之懼，謀反。才誅溫，即追尉遲氏入宮，初為妃，尋立為皇后。

Xiyang Duke Wen, son of Qi State Duke Liang, was the emperor's paternal cousin once removed. His wife Lady Yuwen had beauty; when she entered court the emperor plied her with wine, forced her, and violated her. When Liang heard of it he feared and plotted rebellion. As soon as Wen was executed he summoned Lady Yuwen into the palace; at first she was made a consort, and soon she was installed as empress.

每左右侍臣論議，唯欲興造革易，未嘗言及政事。其後遊戲無恒，出入不節；羽儀仗衛，晨出夜還；或幸天興宮，或遊道會苑，陪侍之官，皆不堪命。散樂雜戲，魚龍爛漫之伎，常在目前。好令京城少年為婦人服飾，入殿歌舞，與後宮觀之，以為喜樂。擯斥近臣，多所猜怨。又吝於財，略無賜與。恐群臣規諫，不得行己之志。

In discussions with attendants left and right he always wished only to create and change construction; he never spoke of government affairs. Afterward his diversions had no constancy and his comings and goings were without rule; guard of arms and attendants set out at dawn and returned at night; sometimes he visited the Tianxing Palace or roamed the Way Assembly Park; accompanying officials could not endure it. Miscellaneous music and entertainments, fish-dragon and riotous performances, were constantly before his eyes. He loved to have youths of the capital dress in women's clothes, enter the hall to sing and dance, and watch with the rear palace for his pleasure. He pushed away close ministers and suspected many. He was also stingy with wealth and scarcely bestowed anything. Fearing that ministers would remonstrate and he would be unable to follow his own will,

常遣左右密伺察之，動止所為，莫不抄錄；小有乖違，輒加其罪。自公卿以下，皆被楚撻。其間誅戮黜免者，不可勝言。每捶人皆以百二十為度，名曰天杖。宮人內職亦如之。后妃嬪御，雖被寵嬖，亦多被杖背。於是內外恐懼，人不自安；皆求茍免，莫有固誌；重足累息，以逮於終矣。

he constantly sent attendants to spy in secret; their movements and conduct were all copied down; the slightest deviation brought punishment upon them. From the Three Dukes downward all were beaten with the cudgel. Among them those executed, demoted, or dismissed are beyond counting. Each beating of a person was fixed at one hundred twenty strokes and was called the Heavenly Cudgel. Palace women and inner attendants were treated the same. Even empresses, consorts, and imperial women who were favored were often beaten on the back. Thereupon inside and outside were filled with fear and no one was at ease; all sought only to escape intact and none had firm resolve; walking on tiptoe and holding their breath, this continued to the end.

靜皇帝諱衍，後改名闡，宣帝之長子也。母曰朱皇后。建德二年六月，生於東宮。大象元年正月癸卯，封魯王。戊午，立為皇太子。二月辛巳，宣帝於鄴宮傳位授帝，居正陽宮。

Emperor Jing, taboo name Yan, later renamed Chan, was the eldest son of Emperor Xuan. His mother was Empress Zhu. In the sixth month of Jiande year two he was born in the Eastern Palace. On guimao in the first month of Daxiang year one he was enfeoffed as Prince of Lu. On wuwu he was installed as crown prince. On xinsi in the second month Emperor Xuan at the Ye palace transmitted the throne to the emperor, who dwelt in the Palace of Correct Yang.

二年五月乙未，宣帝寢疾，詔帝入宿路門學。己酉，宣帝崩，帝入居天臺，廢正陽宮。大赦，停洛陽宮作。庚戌，上天元上皇太后尊號為太皇太后，天元聖皇太后李氏為太帝太后，天元大皇后為皇太后，天大皇后朱氏為帝太后。其天中大皇后陳氏、天右大皇后元氏、天左大皇后尉遲氏並出俗為尼。以柱國、漢王贊為上柱國、右大丞相，上柱國、揚州總管、隋公楊堅為假黃鉞左大丞相，柱國、秦王贄為上柱國。帝居諒娼，百官總己以聽於左大丞相。壬子，以上柱國、鄖公韋孝寬為相州總管。罷入市稅錢。六月戊午，以柱國許公宇文善、神武公竇毅、修武公侯莫陳瓊、大安公閻慶並為上柱國。趙王招、陳王純、越王盛、代王達、滕王悄來朝。庚申，復佛、道二教。辛酉，以柱國巳公椿、燕公於實、郜公賀拔伏恩並為上柱國。甲子，相州總管尉遲迥舉兵不受代，詔發關中兵，即以韋孝寬為行軍元帥，討之。上柱國、畢王賢以謀執政，被誅。以上柱國、秦王贄為大冢宰，巳公椿為大司徒。

On yiwei in the fifth month of year two Emperor Xuan fell gravely ill; an edict ordered the emperor to lodge in the Road Gate Academy. On jiyou Emperor Xuan died; the emperor entered and dwelt in the Celestial Terrace and abolished the Palace of Correct Yang. A general amnesty was proclaimed and construction of the Luoyang palace was halted. On gengxu the Supreme Celestial Grand Empress Dowager was honored as Grand Empress Dowager, the Sacred Celestial Imperial Empress Dowager Lady Li as Grand Imperial Empress Dowager, the Supreme Celestial Empress as Empress Dowager, and the Grand Celestial Empress Zhu as Imperial Empress Dowager. The Grand Celestial Empress Consort Chen, Grand Celestial Right Empress Consort Yuan, and Celestial Left Empress Consort Yuwen were all released from lay life and became nuns. Pillar of State King Han Zan was made Supreme Pillar of State and Right Grand Chancellor; Supreme Pillar of State Area Commander Sui Duke Yang Jian was made Acting Yellow Battle-Axe Left Grand Chancellor; and Pillar of State King Qin Zan was made Supreme Pillar of State. The emperor dwelt in mourning seclusion; the hundred officials took overall charge of themselves and obeyed the Left Grand Chancellor. On renzi Supreme Pillar of State Wei Xiaokuan, Duke of Yun, was made Area Commander of Xiang Province. The market-entry tax was abolished. On wuwu in the sixth month Pillars of State Yuwen Shan, Duke of Xu, Dou Yi, Duke of Shenwu, Hou Mochen Qiong, Duke of Xiuwu, and Yan Qing, Duke of Da'an, were all made Supreme Pillars of State. Kings Zhao, Chen, Yue, Dai, and Teng You came to court. On gengshen Buddhism and Daoism were restored. On xinyou Pillars of State Chun, Duke of Yongchang, Yu Shi, Duke of Yan, and Heba Fuen, Duke of Gao, were all made Supreme Pillars of State. On jiazi Area Commander Yuwen Jiong of Xiang Province raised troops and refused replacement; an edict mobilized Guanzhong troops and immediately made Wei Xiaokuan campaign commander-in-chief to suppress him. Supreme Pillar of State King Bi Xian was executed for plotting to seize power. Supreme Pillar of State King Qin Zan was made Grand Preceptor and Yongchang Duke Chun was made Grand Minister of Education.

己巳，詔南定、北光、衡、巴四州人為宇文亮抑為奴婢者，並免之。甲戌，有赤氣起西方，漸東行，遍天。庚辰，罷諸魚池及山澤公禁者，與百姓共之。以柱國、蔣公梁睿為益州總管。秋七月甲申，突厥送齊范陽王高紹義。庚寅，申州刺史李惠起兵。庚子，詔趙、陳、越、代、滕五王，入朝不趨，劍履上殿。滎州刺史、邵公宇文胄舉兵，遣大將軍楊素討之。青州總管尉遲綱舉兵。丁未，隋公楊堅都督內外諸軍事。己酉，鄖州總管司馬消難舉兵，以柱國、楊公王誼為行軍元帥討之。壬子，趙王招、越王盛以謀執政，被誅。癸丑，封皇弟潔為萊王，術為郢王。是月，豫州、襄州總管諸蠻，各帥種落反。八月庚申，益州總管王謙舉兵不受代，即以梁睿為行軍元帥討之。庚午，韋孝寬破尉迥於鄴，迥自殺，相州平。移相州於安陽，其鄴城及邑，毀廢之。丙子，以漢王贊為太師，以上柱國、并州總管、申公李穆為太傅，以宋王實為大前疑，以秦王贄為大右弼，以燕公於實為大左輔。己卯，以尉迥平，大赦。庚辰，司馬消難擁眾以魯山、甑山二鎮奔陳。遣大將軍元景山追擊之，鄖州平。沙州氐帥開府楊永安聚眾反，應王謙，遣大將軍達奚儒討之。楊素破宇文胄於滎陽，斬之。以上柱國、神武公竇毅為大司馬，以齊公於智為大司空。廢相、青、荊、金、晉、梁州六總管。九月丙戌，廢河陽總管為鎮，隸洛州。以小宗伯、竟陵公楊慧為大宗伯。壬辰，廢皇后司馬氏為庶人。戊戌，以柱國、楊公王誼為上柱國。

On jisi an edict declared that people of Nan, Bei, Heng, and Ba provinces whom Yuwen Liang had reduced to slaves and maidservants were all to be released. On jiaxu red vapor rose in the west, gradually moving east until it filled the sky. On gengchen all fish ponds and mountain and marsh preserves under public prohibition were opened and shared with the common people. Pillar of State Liang Rui, Duke of Jiang, was made Area Commander of Yi Province. On jiashen in the seventh autumn month the Turks delivered Gao Shaoyi of Qi, Prince of Fanyang. On gengyin Prefect Li Hui of Shen Province raised troops. On gengzi an edict granted the five kings Zhao, Chen, Yue, Dai, and Teng exemption from hurrying at audience, and permission to enter the hall with sword and shoes. Prefect Yuwen Zhou of Rong Province raised troops; Grand General Yang Su was dispatched to suppress him. Area Commander Yuwen Gang of Qing Province raised troops. On dingwei Sui Duke Yang Jian was made commander-in-chief of all armies at home and abroad. On jiyou Area Commander Sima Xiaonan of Yun Province raised troops; Pillar of State Wang Yi, Duke of Yang, was made campaign commander-in-chief to suppress him. On renzi Kings Zhao and Yue were executed for plotting to seize power. On guichou the imperial younger brothers Jie and Shu were enfeoffed as Prince of Lai and Prince of Ying. That month the various barbarians under area commanders of Yu and Xiang provinces each led their tribes in rebellion. On gengshen in the eighth month Area Commander Wang Qian of Yi Province raised troops and refused replacement; Liang Rui was immediately made campaign commander-in-chief to suppress him. On gengwu Wei Xiaokuan defeated Yuwen Jiong at Ye; Jiong killed himself and Xiang Province was pacified. Xiang Province was moved to Anyang; Ye city and its settlements were destroyed and abandoned. On bingzi King Han Zan was made Grand Preceptor, Supreme Pillar of State Area Commander Li Mu, Duke of Shen, was made Grand Tutor, King Song Shi was made Grand Forward Doubter, King Qin Zan was made Grand Right Assistant, and Yu Shi, Duke of Yan, was made Grand Left Assistant. On jimao, because Jiong was pacified, a general amnesty was proclaimed. On gengchen Sima Xiaonan led his host and fled to Chen with the fortresses of Lushan and Zengshan. Grand General Yuan Jingshan was dispatched in pursuit; Yun Province was pacified. Yang Yongan, Di chieftain and Opening Grandee of Sha Province, gathered troops in rebellion in support of Wang Qian; Grand General Daxi Ru was dispatched to suppress him. Yang Su defeated Yuwen Zhou at Xingyang and beheaded him. Supreme Pillar of State Dou Yi, Duke of Shenwu, was made Grand Marshal and Yu Zhi, Duke of Qi, was made Grand Minister of Works. The six grand protectors of Xiang, Qing, Jing, Jin, Liang, and Liang provinces were abolished. On bingxu in the ninth month the Heyang grand protectorate was abolished and made a garrison subordinate to Luo Province. On dinghai Yuwen Gang of Qing Province was defeated and killed. On wuyin Li Hui of Shen Province was defeated and killed. On jiawu the five kings were all recalled to court.

庚戌，以柱國常山公於翼、化政公宇文忻並為上柱國。壬子，丞相去左右號，隋公楊堅為大丞相。冬十月甲寅，日有蝕之。壬戌，陳王純以怨執政，被誅。大丞相、隋公楊堅加大冢宰，五府總於天官。戊寅，梁睿破王謙，斬之。傳首京師，益州平十一月甲辰，達奚儒破楊永安，沙州平。丁未，上柱國、鄖公韋孝寬薨。十二月壬子，以柱國、蔣公梁睿為上柱國。丁巳，以柱國千阝公楊雄、普安公賀蘭謨、郕公梁士彥、上大將軍新寧公叱列長文、武鄉公崔弘度、大將軍中山公宇文恩、濮陽公宇文述、渭原公和幹子、任城公王景、漁陽公楊銳、上開府廣宗公李崇、隴西公李詢並為上柱國。庚申，以柱國、楚公豆盧績為上柱國。癸亥，詔曰：「太祖受命，龍德猶潛；三分天下，誌扶魏室；多所改作，冀允上玄。文武群官，賜姓者眾，本殊國邑，實乖胙土。不歆非類，異骨肉而共蒸嘗。不愛其親，嗟行路而敘昭穆。且神征革姓，本為歷數有歸；天命在人，推讓終而弗獲。故君臨區宇，累世於茲；不可仍遵謙挹之旨，久行權宜之制。諸改姓者，悉宜復舊。」甲子，大丞相、隋公楊堅進爵為王，以郡為隋國。己巳，以柱國、沛公鄭譯為上柱國。辛未，代王達、滕王悄並以謀執政，被誅。壬申，以大將軍、長寧公楊勇為上柱國、大司馬，以小冢宰、始平公元孝矩為大司寇。

On gengxu Pillar of State Yu Yi, Duke of Changshan, and Yuwen Xin, Duke of Huazheng, were both made Supreme Pillars of State. On renzi the title of Left Assistant was removed from the Grand Chancellor; Sui Duke Yang Jian was made Grand Chancellor. On jiayin in the tenth winter month the sun was eclipsed. On renxu King Chen Chun was executed for resenting those in power. Grand Chancellor Sui Duke Yang Jian was additionally made Grand Preceptor and the Five Offices were consolidated under the Celestial Minister. On wuyin Liang Rui defeated Wang Qian and beheaded him; Yi Province was pacified. His head was sent to the capital and Yi Province was pacified. On jiachen in the eleventh month Daxi Ru defeated Yang Yongan and Sha Province was pacified. On dingwei Supreme Pillar of State Wei Xiaokuan, Duke of Yun, died. On renzi in the twelfth month Pillar of State Liang Rui, Duke of Jiang, was made Supreme Pillar of State. On dingsi Supreme Pillars of State were made of Yang Xiong, Duke of Jiang, Helan Mo, Duke of Pu'an, Liang Shiyan, Duke of Ying, Supreme Grand General Chiluo Changwen, Duke of Xining, Cui Hongdu, Duke of Wuxiang, Grand General Yuwen En, Duke of Zhongshan, Yuwen Shu, Duke of Puyang, He Ganzhi, Duke of Weiyuan, Wang Jing, Duke of Rencheng, Yang Rui, Duke of Yuyang, Opening Grandee Li Chong, Duke of Guangzong, and Li Xun, Duke of Longxi. On gengshen Pillar of State Dou Ji, Duke of Chu, was made Supreme Pillar of State. On guihai an edict said, "When the Grand Ancestor received the mandate, dragon virtue was still hidden; dividing the realm into three parts, he intended to support the Wei house; many changes were made, hoping to accord with the Supreme Mystery. Civil and military officials granted the imperial surname were many; their original states and fiefs truly violated the bestowal of land. Not to enjoy what is not of one's kind—yet to share sacrifices with those of different bone and flesh. Not to love one's kin—alas, to arrange the lineages of passersby on the road. Moreover the divine mandate changed the surname because the numerical sequence had its destination; Heaven's mandate lies in the people; abdication in the end could not be obtained. Therefore ruling the realm has continued for generations until now; we cannot still follow the intent of yielding humility and long maintain provisional institutions. All who changed their surnames should restore the old." On jiazi Grand Chancellor Sui Duke Yang Jian was advanced in noble rank to prince; his commandery became the State of Sui. On jisi Pillar of State Zheng Yi, Duke of Pei, was made Supreme Pillar of State. On xinwei Kings Dai and Teng You were executed for plotting to seize power. On renshen Grand General Yang Yong, Duke of Changning, was made Supreme Pillar of State and Grand Marshal, and Junior Grand Preceptor Yuan Xiaoju, Duke of Shiping, was made Grand Minister of Justice.

大定元年，春正月壬午，改元。丙戌，詔戎秩上開府以上，職事下大夫以上，外官刺史以上，各舉賢良。二月甲子，帝遜位於隋，居於別宮。隋氏奉帝為介國公，邑萬戶，車服禮樂，一如周制；上書不稱表，答表不稱詔。有其文，事竟不行。隋開皇元年五月壬申，帝崩，時年九歲。隋誌也。謚曰靜皇帝。葬恭陵。

In spring of Dading year one, on renwu of the first month, the reign title was changed. On bingxu an edict ordered military ranks of Opening Grandee and above, functional offices of Junior Grand Master and above, and outer officials of Prefect and above each to recommend men of talent and virtue. On jiazi in the second month the emperor abdicated to Sui and dwelt in a separate palace. The Sui house honored the emperor as Duke of the State of Jie with a fief of ten thousand households; chariots, dress, ritual, and music all followed the Zhou model; memorials upward did not use the form of a table and replies downward did not use the form of an edict. Though the text existed, in the end it was not carried out. On renshen in the fifth month of Sui Kaihuang year one the emperor died at the age of nine. This follows the Sui Annals. The posthumous title is Emperor Jing. He was buried at Gong Mausoleum.

論曰：自東西否隔，二國爭強；戎馬生郊，干戈日用；兵連禍結，力敵勢均；疆場之事，一彼一此。武皇纘業，未親萬機；慮遠謀深，以蒙養正。及英威電發，朝政惟新；內難既除，外略方始。乃苦心焦思，克己勵精；勞役為士卒之先，居處同疋夫之儉；修富國之政，務強兵之術；乘讎人之有釁，順天道而推亡。數年之間，大勛斯集。攄祖宗之宿憤，拯東夏之阽危。盛矣哉，有成功者也。若使翌日之瘳無爽，經營之志獲申；黷武窮兵，雖見譏於良史；雄圖遠略，足方駕於前王。而識嗣子之非才，顧宗祏之至重；滯愛同於晉武，則哲異於宋宣。但欲威之榎楚，期於懲肅，義方之教，豈若是乎。卒使昏虐君臨，奸回肆毒；跡宣後之行事，身歿已為幸矣。靜帝越自幼沖，紹茲衰統；內挾有劉之詐，戚籓無齊、代之強；隋氏因之，遂遷龜鼎。雖復民、峨投袂，翻成淩奪之威；漳、滏勤王，無救宗周之殞。嗚呼！

The commentary says: Since east and west were cut off and the two states contended for strength, war horses were bred in the suburbs and weapons were used daily; disaster followed battle and forces were evenly matched; border affairs went now to one side, now to the other. Emperor Wu continued the enterprise but did not personally oversee all affairs; considering far ahead and planning deeply, he was nurtured in obscurity toward the correct path. When heroic authority flashed like lightning, court government was made anew; once inner peril was removed, external campaigns began. Thereupon with bitter heart and burning thought he restrained himself and strove diligently; in corvée labor he went before the soldiers and in dwelling he shared the common man's thrift; he practiced policies to enrich the state and devoted himself to methods to strengthen the army; seizing the enemy's breach and following Heaven's way, he overthrew the doomed. Within several years great merit was gathered. He vented the Grand Ancestor's long-held wrath and rescued eastern Xia from peril on the brink. Magnificent! He was one who achieved success. If recovery on the morrow had not missed its time and the will to plan had been fulfilled, though exhausting the realm in war would have been reproached by good historians, his heroic design and far-reaching plan would suffice to rank alongside former kings. Yet recognizing that the heir was without talent and seeing the ancestral temple as supremely weighty, he doted as Jin Wudi did but lacked Song Xuan's wisdom in choosing an heir. He only wished to awe with the mulberry and jujube rod, expecting correction through punishment; is teaching by righteous example truly like this? In the end a benighted and cruel ruler ascended the throne and wicked flatterers ran rampant; following Xuan's conduct after death, to die was already fortune enough. Emperor Jing from early youth inherited this declining line; within he was beset by Liu-style treachery and among the imperial clan there were none strong like Qi or Dai; the Sui house took advantage and thereupon moved the sacred vessel. Though loyal subjects rallied in indignation, it turned instead into the overbearing might of seizure; though Zhang and Bo raised armies in earnest, they could not save the Zhou house from ruin. Alas!

以文皇之經啟鴻基，武皇之克隆景業，未逾二紀，不祀忽諸。斯蓋先帝之余殃，非孺子之罪戾也。

With the Wen Emperor opening the great foundation and the Wu Emperor doubling the splendid enterprise, in less than two reigns sacrifice suddenly ceased. This was surely the lingering misfortune of the prior emperor, not the guilt of a mere child.

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