Volume 11 Sui Annals 1: Emperor Gau Wen

高祖文帝

Emperor Gaozu Wendi.

隋高祖文皇帝姓楊氏，諱堅，小名那羅延。本弘農華陰人，漢太尉震之十四世孫也。震八世孫，燕北平太守鉉。鉉子元壽，魏初為武川鎮司馬，因家於神武樹頹焉。元壽生太原太守惠嘏，嘏生平原太守烈，烈生寧遠將軍禎，禎生皇考忠。初，禎屬魏末喪亂，避地中山，結義徒以討鮮于修禮，遂死之。周保定中，皇考著勛，追贈柱國大將軍、少保、興城郡公。

The Sui Founding Emperor Wen, surname Yang, taboo name Jian, childhood name Naluoyan. A native of Huayin in Hongnong, he was the fourteenth-generation descendant of Han Grand Commandant Zhen. Eight generations after Zhen came Xuan, Governor of Pingbei in Yan. Xuan's son Yuanshou served as Military Administrator of Wuchuan Garrison in the early Wei and settled at Shenwu Shuitui. From Yuanshou came Huigu, Governor of Taiyuan; from Huigu, Lie, Governor of Pingyuan; from Lie, Zhen, General Who Pacifies the Distance; and from Zhen, the late Emperor's father Zhong. When Wei fell into chaos at the end of the dynasty, Zhen took refuge in Zhongshan, raised sworn followers against Xianyu Xiuli, and died in the fight. In Zhou's Baoding era, the late Emperor's father was posthumously enfeoffed as Pillar of State, Grand General, Junior Guardian, and Duke of Xingcheng Commandery for his meritorious service.

皇考美須髯，身長七尺八寸，狀貌瑰偉，武藝絕倫；識量深重，有將率之略。

The late Emperor's father wore a fine beard, stood seven feet eight inches tall, looked magnificent, and had martial skill beyond compare; his judgment ran deep, his capacity was broad, and he had the mind of a field commander.

年十八，客遊泰山，會梁兵陷郡國，沒江南。及北海王元顥入洛，乃與俱歸。顥敗，爾朱度律召為帳下統軍。後從獨孤信，屢有軍功。又與信從魏孝武西遷。東魏荊州刺史辛纂據穰城，皇考從信討之，與都督康洛兒、元長生乘城而入。彎弓大呼，斬纂以徇，城中懾服。居半歲，以東魏之逼，與信俱歸。周文帝召居帳下。嘗從周文狩於龍門，皇考獨當一猛獸，左挾其腰，右拔其舌，周文壯之。北臺謂猛獸為掩贍，因以字之。從禽竇泰，破沙苑陣，封襄武縣公。河橋之役，皇考與壯士五人力戰守橋，敵人不敢進。又與李遠破黑水稽胡，並與怡峰解玉壁圍，以功歷雲、洛二州刺史。芒山之戰，先登陷陣，除大都督。及侯景度江，梁氏喪敗。周文將經略，乃授皇考都督荊等十五州諸軍事，鎮穰城。梁雍州刺史、嶽陽王蕭察，雖曰稱籓，而尚懷貳心。皇考自樊城觀兵漢濱，易旗遞進。實二千騎，察登樓望之，以為三萬，懼而服焉。又攻梁隨郡，克之，獲其守桓和。所過城戍，望風請服。進圍安陸。梁同州刺史柳仲禮恐安陸不守，馳歸赴援。諸將恐仲禮至則安陸難下，請急攻之。皇考曰：「仲禮已在近路，吾以奇兵襲之，一舉必克，則安陸不攻自拔，諸城可傳檄而定。」於是選騎二千，銜枚夜進。遇仲禮於漴頭，禽之，悉俘其眾。安陸、竟陵並降。梁元帝大懼，送子方略為質，並送載書，請魏以石城為限，梁以安陸為界。皇考乃旋師。進爵陳留郡公，位大將軍。十七年，梁元帝逼其兄邵陵王綸。綸送質於齊，欲來寇。梁元帝密報周文。遣皇考討之。禽綸，數其罪，殺之。初，皇考禽柳仲禮，遇之甚厚。仲禮至京，反譖皇考，言在軍大取金寶。周文以皇考功重，不問。

At eighteen he traveled to Mount Tai as a guest; when Liang armies overran the commanderies, he was taken captive in Jiangnan. When Prince Yuan Hao of Beihai entered Luoyang, he returned with him. After Hao's defeat, Erzhu Dulü summoned him to serve as a commander in his personal guard. Later he followed Dugu Xin and won repeated distinction in battle. He also followed Xin when Emperor Xiaowu of Wei moved the court west. When Eastern Wei Governor of Jing Province Xin Zuan held Rang City, the late Emperor's father followed Xin to attack him and, with Commandants Kang Luo'er and Yuan Changsheng, scaled the walls and entered. He bent his bow and shouted, beheaded Zuan and displayed the head, and the city submitted in fear. After half a year, pressed by Eastern Wei, he returned with Xin. Emperor Wen of Zhou summoned him to serve in his personal guard. Once on a hunt at Longmen with Emperor Wen, the late Emperor's father alone faced a fierce beast, seized it by the waist with his left hand and pulled out its tongue with his right; Emperor Wen was awed. The Northern Court called a fierce beast yanshan, and so gave him that style name. He joined the campaign against Dou Tai, broke the Shaya formation, and was enfeoffed Duke of Xiangwu County. At Heqiao, the late Emperor's father and five stalwart men fought to hold the bridge, and the enemy did not dare advance. He also joined Li Yuan in defeating the Black Water Jiehu and, with Yi Feng, lifted the siege of Yubi; for this he served in turn as Governor of Yun and Luo. At Mangshan he was first to break the enemy lines, and was appointed Grand Commandant. When Hou Jing crossed the Yangtze, the Liang dynasty collapsed. As Emperor Wen of Zhou planned his conquest, he appointed the late Emperor's father Area Commander of the military affairs of Jing and fifteen other provinces, with his headquarters at Rang City. The Liang Governor of Yong Province and Prince of Yueyang, Xiao Cha, though he called himself a vassal, still nursed divided loyalties. The late Emperor's father reviewed troops at Fancheng and sent his banners forward in relay along the Han shore. There were in truth only two thousand horsemen; Cha climbed the tower, thought he saw thirty thousand, and submitted in fear. He also attacked the Liang commandery of Sui, took it, and captured its defender Huan He. Every garrison city he passed requested submission at the sight of his banners. He advanced to besiege Anlu. Liu Zhongli, Liang Governor of Tong Province, fearing Anlu could not be held, galloped back to relieve it. The generals feared that if Zhongli arrived Anlu would be hard to take and urged an immediate assault. The late Emperor's father said, "Zhongli is already on the near road; if I strike him with surprise troops I am sure to take him at one blow, and then Anlu will fall without a fight and the other cities can be settled by proclamation alone." Thereupon he chose two thousand horsemen and advanced by night with gags in their mouths. He met Zhongli at Chongtou, captured him, and took all his men prisoner. Anlu and Jingling both surrendered. Emperor Yuan of Liang was greatly afraid; he sent his son Fanglue as a hostage and a written pledge asking that Wei take Shicheng as the boundary and Liang take Anlu as the boundary. The late Emperor's father then withdrew his army. He was advanced to Duke of Chenliu Commandery and appointed Grand General. In the seventeenth year, Emperor Yuan of Liang pressed his elder brother, Prince Shaoling Lun. Lun sent a hostage to Qi, intending to come raiding. Emperor Yuan of Liang secretly reported this to Emperor Wen of Zhou. He dispatched the late Emperor's father to suppress him. He captured Lun, enumerated his crimes, and executed him. At first, when the late Emperor's father captured Liu Zhongli, he treated him very generously. When Zhongli reached the capital, he turned and slandered the late Emperor's father, saying that in the field he had seized much gold and treasure. Emperor Wen of Zhou, because the late Emperor's father's merit was great, did not inquire into it.

然皇考悔不殺仲禮，故至此殺綸。皇考間歲再舉，盡定漢東地，甚得新附心。魏恭帝賜姓普六茹氏，行同州事。及於謹伐江陵，皇考為前軍，屯江津，遏其走路。梁人束刃於象鼻以戰，皇考射之，二象反走。江陵平，周文立蕭察為梁主，令皇考鎮穰城。周孝閔踐阼，入為小宗伯。及司馬消難請降，皇考與柱國達奚武援之。入齊境五百里，前後遣三使報消難，皆不反命。及去北豫州三十里，武疑有變，欲還。

Yet the late Emperor's father regretted not having killed Zhongli, and so on this occasion killed Lun. Within a single year the late Emperor's father campaigned twice, fully settled the lands east of the Han, and won the hearts of the newly submitted. Emperor Gong of Wei granted the surname Puliuru and put him in charge of the affairs of Tong Province. When Yu Jin attacked Jiangling, the late Emperor's father served as vanguard, encamped at the Jin River, and blocked the enemy's escape route. The men of Liang bound blades to elephants' trunks to fight; the late Emperor's father shot them, and the two elephants turned and fled. When Jiangling was pacified, Emperor Wen of Zhou installed Xiao Cha as ruler of Liang and ordered the late Emperor's father to garrison Rang City. When Emperor Xiaomin of Zhou ascended the throne, the late Emperor's father entered the capital as Junior Director of the Imperial Clan. When Sima Xiaonan requested surrender, the late Emperor's father joined Pillar of State Daxi Wu to reinforce him. They entered Qi territory five hundred li; before and after, they sent three envoys to report to Xiaonan, and none returned with orders. When they were thirty li from Northern Yuzhou, Wu suspected treachery and wished to turn back.

皇考曰：「有進死，無退生。」獨以千騎，夜趣城下。候門開而入，乃馳遣召武。

The late Emperor's father said, "There is advance unto death, but no retreat unto life." He alone took a thousand horsemen and by night pressed to the foot of the city. He waited until the gate opened and entered, then galloped off to summon Wu.

時齊鎮城伏敬遠勒甲士三千據東陴，舉烽嚴警。武憚之，不欲保城，乃多取財寶，以消難先歸。皇考以三千騎殿，到洛南，皆解鞍而臥。齊眾來追，至於洛北。皇考謂將士曰：「但飽食，今在死地，賊必不敢度水。」食畢，齊兵陽若度水，皇考馳將擊之；齊兵不敢逼，遂徐引而還。武嘆曰：「達奚武自言是天下健兒，今日服矣。」

At that time the Qi garrison commander Fu Jingyuan mustered three thousand armored soldiers and held the eastern wall, raising beacon fires in strict alarm. Wu feared him and did not wish to hold the city; he took much gold and treasure and had Xiaonan return first. The late Emperor's father with three thousand horsemen served as rearguard; when they reached the south of Luo, all dismounted and lay down. The Qi host came in pursuit as far as the north of Luo. The late Emperor's father said to his officers and men, "Eat your fill; we are now in a place of death, and the enemy will surely not dare cross the water." When they had finished eating, the Qi troops feigned as if to cross the water; the late Emperor's father galloped forth to strike them; the Qi troops did not dare press close and so slowly withdrew. Wu sighed and said, "Daxi Wu calls himself the toughest man under heaven; today I yield to him."

進位柱國大將軍。武成元年，進封隋國公，邑萬戶，別食竟陵縣一千戶，收其租賦。

He was advanced to Pillar of State and Grand General. In the first year of Wucheng he was further enfeoffed Duke of Sui with a fief of ten thousand households, separately granted the tax revenue of one thousand households of Jingling County, and allowed to collect its rents and levies.

保定二年，為大司空。時朝議與突厥伐齊。公卿咸以齊兵強國富，斛律明月不易可當，兵非十萬眾不可。皇考獨曰：「萬騎足矣，明月豎子，亦何能為！」三年，乃以皇考為元帥，大將軍楊纂、李穆、王傑、爾朱敏及開府元壽、田弘、慕容近等皆隸焉。又令達奚武帥步騎三萬自南道進，期會晉陽。皇考乃留敏據什賁，遊兵河上。

In the second year of Baoding he became Grand Minister of Works. At that time the court deliberated on joining with the Turks to attack Qi. The ministers all considered Qi's troops strong and the state rich, and that Hulu Mingyue was not easily matched; they said no fewer than one hundred thousand troops would do. The late Emperor's father alone said, "Ten thousand horsemen are enough; what can that stripling Mingyue do!" In the third year he was made supreme commander; Grand Generals Yang Zuan, Li Mu, Wang Jie, Erzhu Min, and Palace Gate Generals Yuan Shou, Tian Hong, Murong Jin, and others were all placed under him. He also ordered Daxi Wu to lead thirty thousand infantry and cavalry by the southern route to join forces at Jinyang. The late Emperor's father then left Min to hold Shiben and sent roaming troops along the river.

皇考出武川，過故宅，祭先人，饗將士，度卷二十餘城。齊人守陘嶺之隘，皇考縱奇兵大破之，留楊纂屯靈丘為後拒。突厥木桿可汗控地頭可汗、步離可汗等，以十萬騎來會。四年正月朔，攻晉陽。時大雪風寒，齊人乃悉其精銳，鼓噪而出。突厥引上西山，不肯戰，眾失色。皇考乃率七百人步戰，死者十四五。以武后期，乃班師。齊人亦不敢逼。突厥乃縱兵大掠。自晉陽至平城，七百餘里，人畜無遺。周武帝拜皇考為太傅，晉公護以其不附己，以為涇州總管。是歲，大軍又東伐，晉公護出洛陽，令皇考出沃野，以應接突厥。時軍糧少，諸將憂之。皇考曰：「當獲以濟事耳。」乃招誘稽胡首領，咸令在坐，使王傑盛軍容鳴鼓而出。皇考陽怪問之。傑曰：「大冢宰已至洛陽，天子聞銀、夏間胡擾動，故使傑就攻除之。」又令突厥使者馳告曰：「可汗更入并州，留兵馬十萬在長城下，故令問公，若有稽胡不服，欲來共破之。」坐者皆懼。皇考慰喻遣之，於是歸命，饋輸填積。屬晉公護先退，皇考亦罷兵而還鎮。又以政績稱，詔賜錢三十萬，布五百匹，谷二千斛。以疾還京，周武及晉公護屢臨視焉。薨，贈太保、都督同朔等十三州軍事、同州刺史，本官如故。謚曰桓公。開皇元年，追尊為武元皇帝，廟號太祖。

The late Emperor's father marched out of Wuchuan, passed his former home, sacrificed to his ancestors, feasted his officers and men, and crossed more than twenty walled places. The Qi held the narrow pass at Shanling; the late Emperor's father routed them with surprise troops and left Yang Zuan to garrison Lingqiu as rear guard. The Turkic Khan Muhan, together with Khans Kedou and Buli and others, came to join him with one hundred thousand horsemen. On the first day of the first month of the fourth year, he attacked Jinyang. At that time snow fell heavily and the wind was bitterly cold; the Qi mustered all their elite troops and came out shouting and clamoring. The Turks withdrew up the western mountain and refused to fight; the troops turned pale. The late Emperor's father then led seven hundred men in infantry combat; four or five out of ten died. Because Wu was late, he withdrew the army. The Qi also did not dare press close. The Turks then let their troops plunder on a great scale. From Jinyang to Pingcheng, more than seven hundred li, neither man nor beast was left. Emperor Wu of Zhou appointed the late Emperor's father Grand Tutor; Duke Hu of Jin, because he did not attach himself to him, made him Area Commander of Jing Province. That year the great army again marched east; Duke Hu of Jin went out from Luoyang and ordered the late Emperor's father to go out from Woye to link up with the Turks. At that time army provisions were few and the generals were worried. The late Emperor's father said, "We shall obtain enough to see the affair through." He then summoned and enticed the Jiehu chieftains, had them all take their seats, and had Wang Jie display the army in full array and beat drums as he marched out. The late Emperor's father feigned surprise and asked about it. Jie said, "The Grand Preceptor has already reached Luoyang; the Son of Heaven heard that the Hu between Yin and Xia were stirring, and so sent Jie to attack and eliminate them." He also had a Turkic envoy gallop off to announce, "The Khan is entering Bing Province again and has left one hundred thousand troops and horses below the Great Wall, and so sends me to ask you: if any Jiehu refuse submission, he wishes to come and destroy them together with you." All who were seated were afraid. The late Emperor's father comforted and instructed them and sent them away; thereupon they submitted, and tribute and supplies piled up. Because Duke Hu of Jin had already withdrawn first, the late Emperor's father also ceased campaigning and returned to his garrison. Again for distinguished administrative achievement, an edict granted him three hundred thousand cash, five hundred bolts of cloth, and two thousand hu of grain. Ill, he returned to the capital; Emperor Wu of Zhou and Duke Hu of Jin repeatedly came to visit him. He died and was posthumously granted Grand Guardian, Area Commander of the military affairs of Tong, Shuo, and twelve other provinces, and Governor of Tong Province, his original office unchanged. His posthumous title was Duke Huan. In the first year of Kaihuang he was posthumously honored as Emperor Wuyuan, with temple name Taizu.

帝，武元皇帝之長子也。皇妣曰呂氏。以周大統七年六月癸丑夜，生帝於馮翊波若寺。有紫氣充庭。時有尼來自河東，謂皇妣曰：「此兒所從來甚異，不可於俗間處之。」乃將帝舍於別館，躬自撫養。皇妣抱帝，忽見頭上出角，遍體起鱗，墜帝於地。尼自外見，曰：「已驚我兒，致令晚得天下。」帝龍頷，額上有五柱入頂，目光外射；有文在手曰「王」字，長上短下，沈深嚴重。初入太學，雖至親昵，不敢狎也。年十四，京兆尹薛善辟為功曹。十五，以皇考勛，授散騎常侍、車騎大將軍、儀同三司，封成紀縣公。十六，遷驃騎大將軍，加開府。周文帝見而嘆曰：「此兒風骨，非世間人。」明帝即位，授右小宗伯，進封大興郡公。明帝嘗遣善相者來和視帝。和詭對曰：「不過柱國。」既而私謂帝曰：「公當為天下君，必大誅殺而後定。」

The Emperor was the eldest son of Emperor Wuyuan. The imperial mother was the Lady Lü. On the night of guichou in the sixth month of Datong year seven of Zhou, the Emperor was born at Boruo Temple in Fenyang. Purple vapor filled the courtyard. At that time a nun came from Hedong and said to the imperial mother, "This child's origin is very unusual; he cannot be kept among ordinary people." She then lodged the Emperor in a separate residence and personally nursed him. The imperial mother held the Emperor and suddenly saw horns emerge from his head and scales rise over his whole body; she dropped the Emperor to the ground. The nun, seeing from outside, said, "You have startled my child and will make him obtain the realm late." The Emperor had a dragon jaw; on his forehead five pillars entered the crown, and his gaze shot outward; on his hand was a mark reading the character "King"; he was tall above and short below, deep, grave, and solemn. When he first entered the Imperial Academy, even those closest to him did not dare treat him lightly. At fourteen, Prefect of Jingzhao Xue Shan appointed him Clerk for Merit. At fifteen, because of the late Emperor's father's merit, he was appointed Attendant Cavalier, General of Chariots and Cavalry, Third Rank Equivalent, and enfeoffed Duke of Chengji County. At sixteen, he was transferred to General of Agile Cavalry and given an open office. Emperor Wen of Zhou saw him and sighed, saying, "This boy's bearing is not of this world." When Emperor Ming ascended the throne, he was appointed Junior Director of the Right Imperial Clan and advanced to Duke of Daxing Commandery. Emperor Ming once sent a skilled physiognomist named Lai He to examine the Emperor. He deceptively replied, "No higher than Pillar of State." Later he privately told the Emperor, "Your Grace will become ruler of the realm; there must be great slaughter before it is settled."

周武帝即位，遷左小宮伯，出為隨州刺史，進位大將軍。後征還，遇皇妣寢疾三年，晝夜不離左右，以純孝稱。宇文護執政，尤忌帝，屢將害焉。賴大將軍侯伏侯壽等救護以免。後襲爵隋國公。周武既為皇太子娉帝長女為妃，益加禮重。齊王憲言於周武曰：「普六茹堅相貌，臣每見之，不覺自失。恐非人下，請早除之。」

When Emperor Wu of Zhou ascended the throne, he was transferred to Junior Director of the Left Palace and sent out as Governor of Sui Province, advanced to Grand General. Later he was recalled; when the imperial mother fell gravely ill for three years, he did not leave her side day or night, and was famed for pure filial piety. Yuwen Hu held power and especially feared the Emperor, repeatedly intending to harm him. He was saved from harm thanks to Grand General Hou Fuhou Shou and others who protected him. Later he inherited the title Duke of Sui. Since Emperor Wu of Zhou had taken the Emperor's eldest daughter as consort for the crown prince, he was treated with even greater honor. Prince Xian of Qi said to Emperor Wu of Zhou, "Puliuru Jian's appearance—each time I see him I lose myself without knowing it. I fear he is not meant to serve under others; please remove him early."

周武曰：「此止可為將耳。」內史王軌驟諫曰：「皇太子非社稷主，普六茹堅有反相。」周武不悅曰：「必天命，將若之何？」帝甚懼，深自晦匿。後從周武平齊，進柱國。又與齊王憲破齊任城王湝於冀州，除定州總管。先是州城門久閉不行，齊人白：「文宣時，或請開之，文宣不許，曰：『當有聖人啟之。』」及帝至而開之，莫不驚異。遷亳州總管。

Emperor Wu of Zhou said, "He can only be a general." Palace Secretary Wang Gui suddenly remonstrated, saying, "The crown prince is not fit to be lord of the altars of soil and grain; Puliuru Jian has the look of rebellion." Emperor Wu of Zhou, displeased, said, "If it is Heaven's mandate, what can be done?" The Emperor was greatly afraid and deeply concealed himself. Later he followed Emperor Wu of Zhou in pacifying Qi and was advanced to Pillar of State. He also joined Prince Xian of Qi in defeating Prince Rencheng Huo of Qi at Ji Province and was appointed Area Commander of Ding Province. Earlier the city gate had long been closed and not used; the men of Qi reported, "In the time of Emperor Wenxuan, some asked to open it; Wenxuan would not allow it, saying, 'A sage will open it.'" When the Emperor arrived and opened it, all were astonished. He was transferred to Area Commander of Bo Province.

周宣帝即位，以后父，徵拜上柱國、大司馬。大象初，遷太后丞、右司武，俄轉大前疑。周宣每巡幸，恒委以居守。時周宣為《刑經聖制》，其法深刻，帝以法令滋章，非興化之道，切諫，不納。帝位望益隆，周宣頗以為忌。時周宣四幸女並為皇后，爭寵相毀。周宣每謂后曰：「必族滅爾家。」因召帝，命左右曰：「若色動，即殺之。」帝容色自若，遂免。

When Emperor Xuan of Zhou ascended the throne, because he was the empress's father, he was summoned and appointed Pillar of State and Grand Marshal. At the beginning of Daxiang, he was transferred to Assistant to the Empress Dowager and Director of Martial Affairs on the Right, and soon after became Grand Mentor. Whenever Emperor Xuan toured on inspection, he always entrusted him to remain and guard. At that time Emperor Xuan had the Criminal Canon of Sacred Governance; its laws were harsh and deep; the Emperor, because laws and edicts were multiplying and this was not the way to promote transformation, remonstrated urgently, but was not heeded. The Emperor's position and reputation grew ever higher, and Emperor Xuan came to view him with suspicion. At that time Emperor Xuan's four favored women were all made empresses and competed for favor, slandering one another. Emperor Xuan often said to the empress, "I shall exterminate your whole clan." He then summoned the Emperor and ordered those at his side, "If his expression changes, kill him at once." The Emperor's countenance remained calm, and so he was spared.

大象二年五月，以帝為揚州總管，將發，暴足疾而止。乙未，周宣不悆。時靜帝幼沖，前內史上大夫鄭譯、禦正大夫劉昉以帝皇后之父，眾望所集，遂矯詔引帝入侍疾。因受遺輔政，都督內外諸軍事。帝恐周氏諸王在籓生變，稱趙王招將嫁女於突厥為詞以征之。己酉，周宣崩。庚戌，靜帝詔假黃鉞、左大丞相，百官總己而聽焉。以正陽宮為丞相府，以鄭譯為長史，劉悆昉為司馬，具置僚佐。周宣時刑政峻酷者，悉更以寬大之制，天下歸心矣。六月，趙王招、陳王純、趙王盛、代王達、滕王悄並至長安。相州總管尉遲迥自以宿將，至是不能平，遂舉兵。趙、魏之士響應，旬日間，眾至十餘萬。宇文胄以滎州，石悆以建州，席毗以沛郡，毗弟叉羅以兗州，皆應。迥遣子質於陳，以求援。帝命上柱國、鄖公韋孝寬討之。雍州牧、畢王賢及趙、陳等五王謀作亂，帝執賢斬之，而掩趙王等罪。因詔五王劍履上殿。入朝不趨，以安之。時五王陰謀滋甚，帝以酒肴造趙王，觀其指。趙王伏甲於臥內，帝賴元胄以免，於是誅趙、越二王。八月庚午，韋孝寬破尉遲迥，斬之，傳首闕下，余黨悉平。初，迥之亂，鄖州總管司馬消難據州應迥，淮南州縣多從之。襄州總管王誼討之，消難奔陳。荊、郢群蠻乘釁而起，命亳州總管賀若誼討平之。先是，上柱國王謙為益州總管，亦擁眾邑、蜀，以匡復為辭。帝以東夏、山南為事，未遑致討，謙遂屯劍口，陷始州。至是，乃命上柱國梁睿討平之，傳首闕下。隳劍閣之險，以絕好亂之萌焉。九月壬子，周帝進帝大丞相。十月，周帝詔追贈皇曾祖烈為柱國、太保、都督十州諸軍事、徐州刺史、隋國公，謚曰康。皇祖禎為柱國、都督十三州諸軍事、同州刺史、隋國公，謚曰獻。皇考忠為上柱國、太師、大冢宰、都督十三州諸軍事、雍州牧。壬戌，誅陳王純。周帝進帝大冢宰，五府總於天官。十一月辛未，誅代王達、滕王悄。十二月甲子，周帝授帝相國，總百揆，去都督內外諸軍事、大冢宰之號，進爵為王。以隋州之崇業，鄖州之安陸、城陽，溫州之宜人，應州之平靖、上明，順州之淮南，士州之永川，昌州之廣昌、安昌，申州之義陽、淮安，息州之新蔡、建安，豫州之汝南、臨潁、廣寧、初安，蔡州之蔡陽，郢州之漢東二十郡為隋國。劍履上殿，入朝不趨，贊拜不名，備九錫之禮。加璽紱、遠遊冠，相國印綠綟綬，位在諸侯王上。隋國置丞相以下，一依舊式。帝再讓，乃受王爵，十郡而已。周帝詔進皇祖、皇考爵並為王，夫人為王妃。

In the fifth month of the second year of Daxiang, the Emperor was made Area Commander of Yang Province; as he was about to depart, he suddenly fell ill with a foot ailment and stopped. On the day yiwei, Emperor Xuan fell ill. At that time Emperor Jing was young; former Senior Palace Secretary Zheng Yi and Director of Correct Governance Liu Fang, because the Emperor was the empress's father and the focus of public expectation, forged an edict summoning the Emperor to attend the illness. He thereby received the testamentary charge to assist in government and was made Area Commander of all military affairs within and without. The Emperor feared the Zhou princes in the provinces would raise trouble and, on the pretext that Prince Zhao of Zhao was about to marry his daughter to the Turks, summoned them. On the day jiyou, Emperor Xuan died. On the day gengxu, Emperor Jing issued an edict granting the yellow battle-axe and appointing him Left Grand Chancellor; all officials were to obey his orders. The Zhengyang Palace was made the chancellor's office; Zheng Yi was made Chief Administrator, Liu Fang was made Chief of Staff, and a full staff was appointed. The harsh and cruel punishments and government of Emperor Xuan's time were all changed to lenient systems, and the realm turned its heart to him. In the sixth month, Prince Zhao of Zhao, Prince Chun of Chen, Prince Sheng of Zhao, Prince Da of Dai, and Prince Qiao of Teng all arrived at Chang'an. Area Commander of Xiang Province Yuchi Jiong, considering himself a veteran general, could not accept this and so raised troops. Men of Zhao and Wei responded; within ten days the host reached more than one hundred thousand. Yuwen Zhou held Ying Province, Shi Yu held Jian Province, Xi Pi held Pei Commandery, and Pi's younger brother Chaluo held Yan Province; all responded. Jiong sent his son Zhi to Chen to seek aid. The Emperor ordered Pillar of State Duke Wei Xiaokuan of Yun to suppress him. Governor of Yong Province Prince Xian of Bi and the five princes Zhao, Chen, and others plotted rebellion; the Emperor seized Xian and executed him, while concealing the crimes of Prince Zhao and the others. He then issued an edict allowing the five princes to wear swords and shoes in the palace hall. They need not hurry when entering court, to reassure them. At that time the five princes' secret plots grew ever deeper; the Emperor brought wine and food to Prince Zhao to observe his intentions. Prince Zhao hid armed men in his bedchamber; the Emperor was saved thanks to Yuan Zhou, and thereupon the princes of Zhao and Yue were executed. On the day gengwu of the eighth month, Wei Xiaokuan defeated Yuchi Jiong, beheaded him, sent the head to the palace gate, and all remaining partisans were pacified. At first, during Jiong's rebellion, Area Commander of Yun Province Sima Xiaonan held the province in response to Jiong, and many districts south of the Huai responded. Area Commander of Xiang Province Wang Yi attacked him, and Xiaonan fled to Chen. The tribal peoples of Jing and Ying seized the opportunity to rise; the Emperor ordered Area Commander of Bo Province He Ruo Yi to suppress and pacify them. Earlier, Pillar of State Wang Qian was Area Commander of Yi Province and also gathered troops in Yi and Shu, using restoration as his pretext. The Emperor, occupied with affairs in eastern Xia and south of the mountains, had no leisure to attack him; Qian then encamped at Jiankou and took Shizhou. At this time he ordered Pillar of State Liang Rui to suppress and pacify him and sent the head to the palace gate. The peril of Jiange was destroyed to cut off the seeds of rebellion. On the day renzi of the ninth month, the Zhou emperor advanced the Emperor to Grand Chancellor. In the tenth month, the Zhou emperor issued an edict posthumously enfeoffing the imperial great-grandfather Lie as Pillar of State, Grand Guardian, Area Commander of the military affairs of ten provinces, Governor of Xu Province, and Duke of Sui, with posthumous title Kang. The imperial grandfather Zhen was enfeoffed as Pillar of State, Area Commander of the military affairs of thirteen provinces, Governor of Tong Province, and Duke of Sui, with posthumous title Xian. The late Emperor's father Zhong was enfeoffed as Pillar of State, Grand Preceptor, Grand Preceptor of State, Area Commander of the military affairs of thirteen provinces, and Governor of Yong Province. On the day renxu, Prince Chun of Chen was executed. The Zhou emperor advanced the Emperor to Grand Preceptor of State; the five offices were all placed under the Celestial Minister. On the day xinwei of the eleventh month, Prince Da of Dai and Prince Qiao of Teng were executed. On the day jiazi of the twelfth month, the Zhou emperor appointed the Emperor Chancellor of State, in charge of all affairs; the titles Area Commander of all military affairs within and without and Grand Preceptor of State were removed, and he was advanced in rank to king. The twenty commanderies of Chongye in Sui Province; Anlu and Chengyang in Yun Province; Yiren in Wen Province; Pingjing and Shangming in Ying Province; Huainan in Shun Province; Yongchuan in Shi Province; Guangchang and Anchang in Chang Province; Yiyang and Huai'an in Shen Province; Xincai and Jian'an in Xi Province; Runan, Linying, Guangning, and Chuan in Yu Province; Caiyang in Cai Province; and Handong in Ying Province were made the state of Sui. He might wear sword and shoes in the palace hall, need not hurry when entering court, need not have his name spoken when praised in obeisance, and was granted the full rites of the Nine Bestowals. He was given the imperial seal and sash, the cap of distant travel, the chancellor's seal with green tassels and ribbon, and rank above all feudal princes. Within the state of Sui, a chancellor and subordinate offices were established, all according to the old pattern. The Emperor declined twice and then accepted the royal title with only ten commanderies. The Zhou emperor issued an edict advancing the imperial grandfather and the late Emperor's father to kings and the lady to princess consort.

大定元年二月壬子，下令曰：「以前賜姓，皆復其舊。」甲寅，帝受九錫之禮。

In the second month of the first year of Dading, on the day renzi, an order was issued: "All previously granted surnames are restored to their original ones." On the day jiayin, the Emperor received the rites of the Nine Bestowals.

丙辰，周帝又詔帝冕十有二旒，建天子旌旗；出警入蹕，乘金根車，駕六馬，備五時副車，置旄頭雲罕；樂舞八佾，設鐘諄宮縣；王妃為王后，世子為太子。前後三讓，乃受。俄而下詔，依唐虞、漢魏故事。帝三讓，不許。乃遣太傅、上柱國、巳國公椿奉冊曰：咨爾相國隋王，粵若上古之初。爰啟清濁，降符授聖，為天下君；事上帝而理兆庶，和百靈而利萬物；非以區宇之富，未以宸極為尊。大庭、軒轅以前，驪連、赫胥之日，咸以無為無欲，不將不迎。遐哉，其詳不可聞已。厥有載籍，遺文可觀，聖莫逾於堯，美未過於舜。堯得太尉，已作運衡之篇；舜遇司空，便敘菁華之竭。

On the day bingchen, the Zhou emperor again issued an edict granting the Emperor a crown with twelve tassels and establishing the banners of the Son of Heaven; when going out and returning he was cleared by guards, he rode the golden-root carriage, was drawn by six horses, had five seasonal secondary carriages, and was given banners of maotou and yunhan; eight rows of dancers performed, and bell chimes and palace music were established; the princess consort became queen and the heir became crown prince. Three times he declined; only then did he accept. Soon an edict followed the precedents of Tang-Yao, Yu-Shun, Han, and Wei. The Emperor declined three times, but was not allowed to refuse. He sent Grand Tutor, Pillar of State, Duke Chun of Ji to present the register, saying: O Chancellor of State, King of Sui, even as at the beginning of high antiquity. He opened the clear and the turbid; Heaven sent down the tally and invested the sage as ruler of the realm; he served the Supreme Lord and governed the multitudes, harmonized the hundred spirits, and benefited the ten thousand things; not because the realm was rich, nor because the imperial throne was honored. Before the Great Court and Yellow Emperor, in the days of Lianxu and Hexu, all took nonaction and no desire, neither bringing nor welcoming. How remote! The details cannot be heard. Records survive and texts can still be read. No sage surpassed Yao; no beauty exceeded Shun. When Yao obtained the Grand Commandant, he already composed the chapter on the celestial balance; when Shun met the Minister of Works, he at once set forth the exhaustion of fine blossoms.

褰裳脫屣，二宮設饗，百官歸禹，若帝之初。斯蓋上則天時，不敢不授；下祗天命，不敢不受。湯代於夏，武革於殷，干戈揖讓，雖復異揆，應天順人，其道靡異。自漢迄晉，有魏至周，天歷逐獄訟之歸，神鼎隨謳歌之去。道高者稱帝，祿盡者不王；與夫文祖神宗，無以別也。周德將盡，禍難頻興。宗戚奸回，咸將竊發，顧瞻宮闕，將圖宗社。籓維連率，逆亂相尋，搖蕩三方，不合如礪。蛇行鳥攫，投足無所。王受天明命，睿德在躬。救頹運之艱，匡墜地之業；援大川之溺，救燎原之火；除群凶於城社，廓妖氣於遠服。至德合於造化，神用洽於天壤；八極九野，萬方四裔，圓首方足，莫不樂推。往歲長星夜掃，經天晝見。八風比夏後之作，五緯同漢帝之聚，除舊之征，昭然在上。近者赤雀降祉，玄龜效靈，鐘石變音，蛟魚出穴，有新之貺，煥焉在下。九區歸往，百靈協贊，人神屬望，我不獨知。仰祗皇靈，俯順人願，敬以帝位，禪於爾躬。天祚告窮，天祿永終。於戲！王其允執厥和，儀刑典訓；升圓丘而敬蒼昊，禦皇極而撫黔黎，副率土之心，恢無疆之祚，可不盛歟！

Lifting robe and casting off shoes, the two palaces set out feasts; the hundred officials returned to Yu as at the beginning of the Emperor. Above, this accorded with Heaven's seasons and dared not fail to invest; below, it honored Heaven's mandate and dared not fail to receive. Tang replaced Xia and Wu overthrew Yin; though arms and yielding by bow differed in form, in responding to Heaven and following the people the Way was the same. From Han through Jin, from Wei to Zhou, the celestial calendar followed the return of litigation, and the divine cauldron followed the departure of songs of praise. He whose Way was high was called Emperor; when emolument was exhausted he was not king; from the civil ancestors and divine sovereigns there was no distinction. Zhou virtue was nearing its end; calamities arose again and again. Imperial clansmen and treacherous factions all intended rebellion, eyeing the palace and plotting against the altars of soil and grain. Frontier commanders and regional leaders rebelled in succession, shaking the three regions and failing to cohere like a whetstone. Serpents crawled and birds seized prey; there was nowhere safe to stand. The King received Heaven's bright mandate; sagely virtue dwelt in his person. He rescued a collapsing age from hardship and set right a falling enterprise; he pulled the drowning from the great river and quenched the fire spreading over the plain; he removed the wicked from the altars of soil and grain and cleared demonic vapors from distant lands. Supreme virtue accorded with creation and transformation; divine efficacy harmonized with Heaven and earth; the eight extremities and nine wilds, the myriad regions and four frontiers—all with round heads and square feet rejoiced in pushing him forward. In past years the long star swept the night sky and was seen crossing heaven by day. The eight winds matched the work of Xia's successor; the five planets gathered as in Han Emperor's time; the sign of removing the old was clear above. Recently the red sparrow brought blessing and the dark tortoise showed efficacy; bells and stones changed tone and horned fish emerged from caves; the gift of renewal shone below. The nine regions turned to him; the hundred spirits joined in praise; men and spirits looked to him—I alone did not know. Looking up to honor the imperial numen and bowing down to follow the people's wish, I respectfully yield the imperial position to your person. Heaven's favor announces its end; Heaven's emolument ends forever. Alas! King, earnestly hold to harmony and take the classics as your model; ascend the round mound and reverence the azure Heaven, mount the imperial pinnacle and soothe the black-headed people, fulfill the heart of all within the realm, and extend boundless fortune—can it not be glorious!

遣大宗伯、大將軍、金城公趙蟹奉皇帝璽紱，百官勸進，帝乃受焉。開皇元年春二月甲子，自相府常服入宮，備禮即皇帝位於臨光殿。設壇於南郊，遣兼太傅、上柱國、鄧公竇熾柴燎告天。是日，告廟。大赦，改元。京師慶雲見。改周官，依漢、魏之舊。制：以相國司馬高譫為尚書左僕射兼納言，相國司錄虞慶則為內史監兼史部尚書，相國內郎李德林為內史令，上開府韋世康為禮部尚書，上開府元暉為都官尚書，開府、戶部尚書元巖為兵部尚書，上儀同、司宗長孫毗為工部尚書，上儀同、司會楊尚希為度支尚書，雍州牧楊惠為左衛大將軍。乙丑，追尊皇考為武元皇帝，廟號太祖；皇妣呂氏為元明皇后。改周氏左社右廟制為右社左廟。遣八使巡省風俗。丙寅，修廟社。立王后獨孤氏為皇后，王太子勇為皇太子。丁卯，以大將軍趙蟹為尚書右僕射，以上開府伊婁彥恭為右武候大將軍。己巳，以五千戶封周帝介國公為隋室賓；旌旗車服禮樂，一如其舊；上書不為表，答表不稱詔。周氏諸王，盡降為公。辛未，以皇弟同安郡公爽為雍州牧。乙亥，封皇弟邵國公慧為滕王，同安公爽為衛王，皇子雁門公廣為晉王，俊為秦王，秀為越王，諒為漢王。并州總管李穆為太師，上柱國竇熾為太傅，幽州總管於翼為太尉，觀國公田仁恭為太子太師，武德郡公柳敏為太子太保。丁丑，以晉王廣為并州總管，封陳留郡公智積為蔡王，興城郡公靜為道王。戊寅，改東京府為尚書省，發官牛五千頭，分賜貧人。三月，宣仁門槐樹連理，眾枝內附。壬午，白狼國獻方物。丁亥，詔犬馬器玩口味，不得獻上。戊子，弛山澤禁。己丑，移盩啡連理樹植於宮庭。戊戌，以太子少保蘇威兼納言、吏部尚書。庚子，詔前代品爵，悉依舊定。丁未，梁蕭巋使其太宰蕭巖來賀。

He sent Grand Director of Ceremonies, Grand General, Duke Zhao of Jincheng to present the imperial seal and sash; the hundred officials urged advancement, and the Emperor then accepted. In Kaihuang year one, second month, on jiazi day, he entered the palace from the chancellor's office in ordinary dress and, with full rites, took the imperial throne at Lingguang Hall. An altar was set at the southern suburb, and Acting Grand Tutor, Pillar of State, Duke Chi of Deng was sent to burn firewood and report to Heaven. That day he reported to the ancestral temple. A general amnesty was proclaimed and the reign title was changed. Auspicious clouds appeared over the capital. The Zhou official system was changed to follow Han and Wei precedents. Regulations: Gao Jiong, Chief of Staff to the Chancellor of State, became Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Concurrent Censor-in-Chief; Yu Qingze, Recorder to the Chancellor of State, became Director of the Palace Secretariat and Concurrent Director of the Ministry of Personnel; Li Delin, Internal Gentleman to the Chancellor of State, became Director of the Palace Secretariat; Upper Palace Gate General Wei Shikang became Director of the Ministry of Rites; Upper Palace Gate General Yuan Hui became Director of the Ministry of Justice; Palace Gate General and Director of the Ministry of Revenue Yuan Yan became Director of the Ministry of War; Upper Third Rank Equivalent and Director of the Imperial Clan Sun Pi became Director of the Ministry of Works; Upper Third Rank Equivalent and Director of Accounts Yang Shangxi became Director of the Ministry of Taxation; and Governor of Yong Province Yang Hui became General of the Left Guard. On yichou day the late Emperor's father was posthumously honored as Emperor Wuyuan, with temple name Taizu; the imperial mother Lady Lü was made Empress Yuanming. The Zhou system of left altar of soil and right ancestral temple was changed to right altar of soil and left ancestral temple. Eight envoys were sent to tour and inspect local customs. On bingyin day the ancestral temple and altar of soil were repaired. Queen consort Lady Dugu was established as empress, and crown prince Yong as crown prince. On dingmao day Grand General Zhao Xie became Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, and Upper Palace Gate General Yilou Yiangong became General of the Right Martial Guard. On jisi day five thousand households were granted to enfeoff the Zhou emperor, Duke of Jie, as guest of the House of Sui; banners, carriages, robes, and ritual music remained as before; memorials upward were not called tables, and replies to tables were not called edicts. All Zhou princes were reduced to dukes. On xinwei day the imperial younger brother Duke Shuang of Tong'an Commandery became Governor of Yong Province. On yihai day the imperial younger brother Duke Hui of Shao was enfeoffed Prince of Teng, Duke Shuang of Tong'an as Prince of Wei, Prince Guang of Yanmen as Prince of Jin, Jun as Prince of Qin, Xiu as Prince of Yue, and Liang as Prince of Han. Li Mu, Area Commander of Bing Province, became Grand Preceptor; Pillar of State Dou Chi became Grand Tutor; Yu Yi, Area Commander of You Province, became Grand Commandant; Duke Tian Rengong of Guan became Grand Preceptor of the Crown Prince; and Duke Liu Min of Wude Commandery became Grand Guardian of the Crown Prince. On dingchou day Prince Guang of Jin became Area Commander of Bing Province; Duke Zhiji of Chenliu Commandery was enfeoffed Prince of Cai, and Duke Jing of Xingcheng Commandery Prince of Dao. On wuyin day the Eastern Capital office became the Department of State Affairs; five thousand government oxen were distributed to the poor. In the third month the sophora tree at Xuanren Gate joined branches in mutual embrace. On renwu day the White Wolf State presented local products. On dinghai day an edict ordered that dogs, horses, utensils, playthings, and delicacies must not be presented upward. On wuzi day prohibitions on mountains and marshes were relaxed. On jichou day the joined sophora tree of Zhouzhi was transplanted in the palace courtyard. On wuxu day Junior Guardian of the Crown Prince Su Wei became Concurrent Censor-in-Chief and Director of the Ministry of Personnel. On gengzi day an edict ordered that ranks and titles of former dynasties all follow the old determinations. On dingwei day Xiao Yan of Liang sent his Grand Preceptor Xiao Yan to offer congratulations.

夏四月辛巳，大赦。戊戌，太常散樂並免為編戶。禁雜樂百戲。辛丑，陳人來聘於周，至而上已受禪，致之介國。是月，發稽胡修恐長城，二旬而罷。五月戊午，封邗國公楊雄為廣平王，永康郡公楊弘為河間王。辛未，介公薨，上舉哀於朝堂，謚曰周靜帝。六月癸未，詔以初受命，赤雀降祥，推五德相生，為火色。其郊及社、廟，依服冕之儀；而朝會之服、旗幟、犧牲盡尚赤，戎服尚黃。秋七月乙卯，上始服黃，百僚畢賀。八月壬午，廢東京官。甲午，遣樂安公元諧擊吐谷渾於青海，破而降之。九月戊申，遣使振給戰亡者家。庚午，陳將周羅攻陷胡墅，蕭摩訶寇江北。辛未，以越王秀為益州總管，改封蜀王。壬申，以薛公長孫覽、宋安公元景山並為行軍元帥。伐陳，仍令尚書左僕射高譫節度諸軍。是月，行五銖錢。冬十月乙酉，百濟王扶余昌遣使來賀。授昌上開府儀同三司、帶方郡公。戊子，行新律。壬辰，行幸岐州。十一月乙卯，以永富郡公竇榮定為右武候大將軍。遣兼散騎侍郎鄭捴使於陳。己巳，有流星如墜墻，光照於地。十二月甲申，以禮部尚書韋世康為吏部尚書。庚子，至自岐州。壬寅，高麗王高陽遣使朝貢，授陽大將軍、遼東郡公。

In the fourth summer month, on xinsi day, a great amnesty was proclaimed. On wuxu day the Director of Ceremonies' scattered performers were all released to become registered households. Miscellaneous music and hundred entertainments were prohibited. On xinchou day men of Chen came on a friendly mission to Zhou; when they arrived the Emperor had already received the abdication, and they were sent to the Duke of Jie. That month Jiehu were mobilized to repair the Great Wall; after twenty days the work ceased. On wuwu of the fifth month Duke Xiong of Hang was enfeoffed Prince of Guangping, and Duke Hong of Yongkang Commandery Prince of Hejian. On xinwei day the Duke of Jie died; the Emperor mourned at the court hall; posthumous title: Emperor Jing of Zhou. On guiwei of the sixth month an edict ordered that because at first receiving the mandate the red sparrow descended as an omen, following the mutual generation of the Five Virtues, red was taken as the dynastic color. For suburban and altar-of-soil and temple rites, the robes of investiture were followed; but court robes, banners, and sacrificial victims all honored red, and military robes honored yellow. In the seventh autumn month, on yimao day, the Emperor first wore yellow; the hundred officials all offered congratulations. On renwu of the eighth month the Eastern Capital office was abolished. On jiawu day Prince Yuan of Le'an was sent to attack Tuyuhun at Qinghai, defeated them, and accepted their surrender. On wushen of the ninth month envoys were sent to give relief to the families of those who died in battle. On gengwu day the Chen general Zhou Luohou took Hushi, and Xiao Mohe raided north of the Yangtze. On xinwei day Prince Xiu of Yue became Area Commander of Yi Province and was changed in enfeoffment to Prince of Shu. On renshen day Duke Changsun Lan of Xue and Prince Yuan Jingshan of Song'an were both made campaign supreme commanders. They attacked Chen, and Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs Gao Jiong was still ordered to command all armies. That month the five-zhu coin was put into circulation. In the tenth winter month, on yiyou day, King Buyu Chang of Baekje sent envoys to offer congratulations. Chang was appointed Upper Palace Gate General, Third Rank Equivalent, and Duke of Daifang Commandery. On wuzi day the new law code took effect. On renchen day the Emperor traveled to Qi Province. On yimao of the eleventh month Duke Rongding of Yongfu, Dou Rongding, became General of the Right Martial Guard. Acting Attendant Cavalier Zheng Ce was sent as envoy to Chen. On jisi day a meteor like a falling wall illuminated the ground. On jiashen of the twelfth month Director of the Ministry of Rites Wei Shikang became Director of the Ministry of Personnel. On gengzi day he returned from Qi Province. On renyin day King Gao Yang of Goguryeo sent envoys to offer tribute; Yang was appointed Grand General and Duke of Liaodong Commandery.

太子太保柳敏卒。是歲，靺鞨、突厥阿波可汗、沙缽略可汗並遣使朝貢。

Grand Guardian of the Crown Prince Liu Min died. That year Mohe, Turkic Khan Apo, and Turkic Khan Shabolue all sent envoys with tribute.

二年春正月庚申，陳宣帝殂。辛酉，置河北道行臺尚書省於并州，以晉王廣為尚書令。置河南道行臺尚書省於洛州，以秦王俊為尚書令。置西南道行臺尚書省於益州，以蜀王秀為尚書令。戊辰，陳人遣使請和，求歸胡墅。甲戌，詔舉賢良。二月己丑，詔以陳有喪，命高颎等班師。庚寅，加晉王廣左武衛大將軍，秦王俊右武衛大將軍。庚子，京師雨土。三月，初命入宮殿門通籍。戊申，開渠引柱陽水於三畤原。夏四月丁丑，以寧州刺史竇榮定為左武候大將軍。庚寅，大將軍韓僧壽破突厥於雞頭山，上柱國李充破突厥於河北山。五月戊申，以上開府長孫平為度支尚書。

In spring of year two, on gengshen of the first month, Emperor Xuan of Chen died. On xinyou day the Branch Department of State Affairs of Hebei Circuit was established at Bing Province, with Prince Guang of Jin as Director. The Branch Department of State Affairs of Henan Circuit was established at Luo Province, with Prince Jun of Qin as Director. The Branch Department of State Affairs of Southwest Circuit was established at Yi Province, with Prince Xiu of Shu as Director. On wuchen day men of Chen sent envoys requesting peace and asking for the return of Hushi. On jiaxu day an edict ordered the recommendation of worthy and good men. On jichou of the second month an edict ordered that because Chen was in mourning, Gao Jiong and others were to withdraw their armies. On gengyin day Prince Guang of Jin received the additional post of General of the Left Martial Guard, and Prince Jun of Qin General of the Right Martial Guard. On gengzi day earth rained in the capital. In the third month entry to palace gates with registry passes was ordered for the first time. On wushen day a canal was opened to bring Zhuyang water to Sanchi Plain. On dingchou of the fourth summer month Governor of Ning Province Dou Rongding became General of the Left Martial Guard. On gengyin day Grand General Han Sengshou defeated the Turks at Jitou Mountain; Pillar of State Li Chong defeated the Turks at Hebei Mountain. On wushen of the fifth month Upper Palace Gate General Changsun Ping became Director of the Ministry of Taxation.

己酉，以旱故，上親省囚徒，其日大雨。己未，高寶寧寇平州，突厥入長城。庚申，以豫州刺史皇甫績為都官尚書。甲子，改傳國璽曰受命璽。丁卯，制人年六十以上免課。六月壬午，以太府卿蘇孝慈為兵部尚書。甲申，使使吊於陳。乙酉，上柱國李充破突厥於馬邑。丙申詔曰：朕祗奉上玄，群臨萬國。屬生靈之弊，處前代之宮，以為作之者勞，居之者逸。

On jiyou day, because of drought the Emperor personally reviewed prisoners; that day great rain fell. On wuwei day Gao Baoning raided Ping Province and the Turks entered the Great Wall. On gengshen day Governor of Yu Province Huangfu Ji became Director of the Ministry of Justice. On jiazi day the imperial transfer seal was renamed the Seal of Receiving the Mandate. On dingmao day a regulation ordered that persons sixty years and older were exempt from tax and corvée. On renwu of the sixth month Director of the Imperial Treasury Su Xiaoci became Director of the Ministry of War. On jiashen day envoys were sent to offer condolences in Chen. On yiyou day Pillar of State Li Chong defeated the Turks at Mayi. On bingshen day an edict said: I respectfully serve the Supreme Lord and face the myriad states. Because the people were exhausted, I dwell in the palace of the former dynasty, thinking that those who built it labored while those who dwell in it rest.

改創之事，心未遑也。而王公大臣，陳謀獻策，咸云：羲、農以降，至於姬、劉，有當世而屢遷，無革命而不徙。曹、馬之後，時見因循，乃末世之宴安，非往聖之宏義。此城從漢，雕殘日久，屢為戰場，舊經喪亂。今之宮室，近代權宜，又非謀筮從龜，瞻星揆日；不足建皇王之邑，合大眾所聚。論變通之數，具幽顯之情。同心固請，詞情深切。然則京師百官之府，四海歸向，非朕一人之所獨有。茍利於物，其可違乎。且殷之五遷，恐人盡怨。是則以吉凶之土，制長短之命，謀新去故，如農望秋：雖則劬勞，其究安宅。今區宇寧一，陰陽順序，安安以遷，勿懷胥怨。龍首山川原秀麗，卉物滋阜，卜食相土，宜建都邑。定鼎之基永固，無窮之業在斯。

Matters of rebuilding and creation my heart has not yet attended to. Yet kings, dukes, and ministers counseled and offered plans, all saying: From Xi and Nong onward, through Ji and Liu, there were repeated moves within a single age and no change without relocation. After Cao and Ma, one often saw inertia; this was the ease of a decadent age, not the great meaning of former sages. This city dates from Han; long battered and ruined, it has repeatedly been a battlefield and often suffered disorder. The present palace buildings are recent expedients, and were not chosen by divination from tortoise shells or by observing stars and measuring the sun; they are insufficient to establish the seat of an imperial king or to gather the great multitude. The numbers of change and adaptation and the feelings of the hidden and manifest have been fully discussed. With one heart they firmly request; their words are deep and earnest. Yet the offices of the hundred officials in the capital and the turning of the four seas toward it are not mine alone to possess. If it benefits things, how can it be refused? Moreover Yin moved its capital five times, fearing that the people would all resent it. Thus by the soil of fortune and misfortune one determines the length or shortness of fate; seeking the new and leaving the old is like a farmer looking toward autumn: though toilsome, in the end there is a settled home. Now the realm is unified and yin and yang are in order; move in peace and do not harbor mutual resentment. The mountains, rivers, plains, and hills of Longshou are beautiful; plants and things flourish there; by divination for food and examination of soil, a capital city should be built. The foundation of the fixed cauldron will be forever firm; the boundless enterprise lies herein.

公私府宅，規模遠近，營構資須，隨事修茸。

For public and private residences and offices, whether near or far, construction materials should be supplied and repairs made as needed.

仍詔左僕射高颎、將作大匠劉龍、鉅鹿郡公賀婁子幹、太府少卿高龍叉等創造新都。秋七月癸巳，詔新置都處墳墓，令悉遷葬設祭，仍給人功；無主者，命官為殯葬。甲午，行新令。冬十月，以撤毀故，徙居東宮。給內外官人祿。癸酉，皇太子勇屯兵咸陽，以備胡虜。庚寅，上疾愈，享百僚於觀德殿，賜錢帛，皆任自取，盡力以出。辛卯，以營新都副監賀婁子幹為工部尚書。十一月丙午，初命為方陣戰法，及制軍營圖樣，下諸軍府，以擬征突厥。十二月辛未，上講武於後園。甲戌，上柱國竇毅卒。丙子，名新都曰大興城。乙酉，遣彭城公虞慶則屯弘化以備胡。突厥寇周盤，行軍總管達奚長儒為虜所敗。丙戌，賜國子生經明者束帛。丁亥，親錄囚徒。是歲，高麗、百濟並遣使朝貢。

Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs Gao Jiong, Master of Construction Liu Long, Duke He Lou Zigan of Julu Commandery, and Junior Director of the Imperial Treasury Gao Longcha were still ordered to create the new capital. On guisi of the seventh autumn month an edict ordered that graves at the site of the new capital all be moved and reburied with sacrifices; labor was still provided; for the unclaimed, officials were ordered to bury them. On jiawu day the new ordinances took effect. In the tenth winter month, because of demolition and destruction, he moved to dwell in the Eastern Palace. Salaries were granted to inner and outer officials. On youyu day Crown Prince Yong encamped troops at Xianyang to guard against barbarian raiders. On gengyin day, when the Emperor's illness was cured, he feasted the hundred officials at Guande Hall and granted cash and silk; each might take as much as he could carry out. On xinmao day Deputy Supervisor of the New Capital He Lou Zigan became Director of the Ministry of Works. On bingwu of the eleventh month square-array battle methods and camp diagrams were made for the first time and sent down to all military offices to prepare for campaigning against the Turks. On xinwei of the twelfth month the Emperor reviewed troops in the rear garden. On jiaxu day Pillar of State Dou Yi died. On bingzi day the new capital was named Daxing City. On yiyou day Duke Yu Qingze of Pengcheng was sent to garrison Honghua to guard against the Hu. The Turks raised Zhoupan; Campaign General Daxi Changru was defeated by the enemy. On bingxu day silk was granted to students of the Directorate of Education who were versed in the classics. On dinghai day the Emperor personally recorded prisoners. That year Goguryeo and Baekje both sent envoys with tribute.

三年春正月庚子，將遷新都，大赦。禁大刀長。始令人以二十一成丁，歲役功不過二十日，不役者收庸。廢遠近酒坊，罷鹽井禁。二月己巳朔，日有蝕之。癸酉，陳人來聘。突厥犯邊。癸未，以左武衛大將軍李禮成為右武衛大將軍。三月丁未，上柱國、鮮虞縣公謝慶恩卒。丙辰，以雨故，常服入新都。京師承明裏醴泉出。

In the third year, first month, on gengzi day, as the new capital was about to be moved, a great amnesty was proclaimed. Large swords and long spears were prohibited. For the first time it was ordered that one in twenty-one adult males was a corvée worker, with labor service not exceeding twenty days per year; those not serving paid a substitute levy. Distant and nearby wine shops were abolished and salt-well prohibitions were lifted. On jisi, the first day of the second month, there was an eclipse of the sun. On youyu day men of Chen came on a friendly mission. The Turks violated the border. On guiwei day General of the Left Martial Guard Li Licheng became General of the Right Martial Guard. On dingwei of the third month Pillar of State, Duke Xie Qing'en of Xianyu County, died. On bingchen day, because of rain he entered the new capital in ordinary dress. Sweet springs appeared in Chengming Lane in the capital.

丁巳，詔購遺書於天下。癸亥，城榆關。夏四月己巳，衛王爽大破突厥於白道山，停築原陽、雲內、紫河等鎮而還。上柱國、建平郡公於義卒。庚午，吐谷渾寇臨洮，洮州刺史皮子信死之。壬申，以尚書右僕射趙煚兼內史令。丁丑，以滕王瓚為雍州牧。庚辰，行軍總管陰壽大破高寶寧於黃龍。甲申，以旱故，上親祀雨師。丙戌，詔天下勸學行禮。己丑，陳郢州城主張子譏遣使請降，上以和好不納。辛卯，遣兼散騎常侍薛舒聘於陳。癸巳，上親雩。五月癸卯，太尉、任城公於翼薨。行軍總管李晃破突厥於摩那渡口。乙巳，梁太子蕭琮來賀遷都。辛酉，親祀方澤。壬戌，行軍元帥竇榮定破突厥及吐谷渾於涼州。赦黃龍死罪以下。六月庚午，封衛王爽子集為遂安郡王。戊寅，突厥遣使求和。庚辰，行軍總管梁遠破吐谷渾於爾汗山，斬其名王。秋七月壬戌，詔曰：「往者山東河表，經此妖亂，孤城遠守，多不自全。濟陰太守杜猷身陷賊徒，命懸冠手；郡省事範臺玫傾產營護，免其戮辱。眷言誠節，實有可嘉。宜超恒賞，用明沮勸。臺玫可大都督，假湘州刺史。」丁卯，日有蝕之。

On dingsi day an edict ordered the purchase of lost books throughout the realm. On guihai day Yugu Pass was fortified. On jisi of the fourth summer month Prince Shuang of Wei greatly defeated the Turks at Baidao Mountain, ceased building the garrisons of Yuanyang, Yunnei, Zihe, and others, and returned. Pillar of State, Duke Yi of Jianping Commandery, died. On gengwu day Tuyuhun raided Lin Tao; Governor of Tao Province Pi Zixin died in the fight. On renshen day Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs Zhao Jiong became Concurrent Director of the Palace Secretariat. On dingchou day Prince Zan of Teng became Governor of Yong Province. On gengchen day Campaign General Yin Shou greatly defeated Gao Baoning at Huanglong. On jiashen day, because of drought the Emperor personally sacrificed to the Rain Master. On bingxu day an edict ordered the realm to encourage learning and practice ritual. On jichou day Zhang Ziji, garrison commander of Ying Prefecture in Chen, sent envoys requesting surrender; the Emperor, for the sake of peace, did not accept. On xinmao day Acting Attendant Cavalier Xue Shu was sent on a friendly mission to Chen. On guisi day the Emperor personally performed the rain sacrifice. On maoyin of the fifth month Grand Commandant, Duke Yi of Rencheng, died. Campaign General Li Huang defeated the Turks at Monakou. On yisi day Crown Prince Xiao Cong of Liang came to congratulate the move of the capital. On xinyou day the Emperor personally sacrificed at the square mound. On renxu day Campaign Supreme Commander Dou Rongding defeated the Turks and Tuyuhun at Liang Province. Those guilty of capital crimes and below at Huanglong were pardoned. On gengwu of the sixth month Prince Ji of Wei's son Ji was enfeoffed Prince of Sui'an Commandery. On wuyin day the Turks sent envoys requesting peace. On gengchen day Campaign General Liang Yuan defeated Tuyuhun at Erhan Mountain and beheaded their famous king. On renxu of the seventh autumn month an edict said: "In former times east of the mountains and along the rivers, because of this demonic disorder, isolated cities far garrisoned often could not preserve themselves. Governor of Jiyin Commandery Du You was trapped among the rebels, his life hanging by a thread; Clerk Fan Taimei of the commandery office exhausted his property to protect him and spared him disgrace and death. Speaking of their loyal integrity, there is truly cause for praise. They should receive extraordinary reward to make clear discouragement and encouragement. Taimei may be appointed Grand Commandant, acting Governor of Xiang Province. On dingmao day there was an eclipse of the sun.

八月壬午，遣尚書右僕射高颎出寧州道，吏部尚書虞慶則出原州道，並為行軍元帥以擊胡。戊子，親祀太社。九月壬子，幸城東觀谷稼。癸丑，大赦。冬十月甲戌，廢河南道行臺省。十一月，發使巡省風俗。庚辰，陳人來聘。陳主知帝貌異世人，使副使袁彥圖像而去。甲午，罷天下諸郡。十二月乙卯，遣兼散騎常侍唐令則使於陳。戊午，以刑部尚書蘇威為戶部尚書。是歲，高麗、突厥、靺鞨並遣使朝貢。

On renwu of the eighth month Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs Gao Jiong went out by Ning Circuit, and Director of the Ministry of Personnel Yu Qingze went out by Yuan Circuit; both were made campaign supreme commanders to attack the Hu. On wuzi day the Emperor personally sacrificed at the Great Altar of Soil. On renzi of the ninth month he traveled east of the city to observe the grain crops. On guichou day a great amnesty was proclaimed. On jiaxu of the tenth winter month the Branch Department of State Affairs of Henan Circuit was abolished. In the eleventh month envoys were sent to tour and inspect local customs. On gengchen day men of Chen came on a friendly mission. The Chen ruler, knowing the Emperor's appearance differed from ordinary men, had deputy envoy Yuan Yan paint his portrait and take it away. On jiawu day all commanderies throughout the realm were abolished. On yimao of the twelfth month Acting Attendant Cavalier Tang Lingze was sent as envoy to Chen. On wuwu day Director of the Ministry of Justice Su Wei became Director of the Ministry of Revenue. That year Goguryeo, the Turks, and Mohe all sent envoys with tribute.

四年正月甲子朔，日有蝕之。祀太廟。辛未，祀南郊。壬申，梁主蕭巋來朝。

On jiazi, the first day of the first month of the fourth year, there was an eclipse of the sun. The ancestral temple was sacrificed to. On xinwei day the southern suburb was sacrificed to. On renshen day the Liang ruler Xiao Yan came to court.

甲戌，大射於北苑，十日而罷。壬午，齊州水。辛卯，渝州獲獸，似麋，一角同蹄。

On jiaxu day a great archery contest was held in the Northern Park; after ten days it ceased. On renwu day Qi Province suffered flooding. On xinmao day Yu Province captured a beast resembling an elk, with one horn and cloven hooves.

壬辰，班新歷。二月乙已，上餞梁主於霸上。庚戌，行幸隴州。突厥可汗阿史那玷厥率其屬來降。夏四月己亥，敕總管、刺史，父母及子年十五以上，不得將之官。

On renchen day the new calendar was promulgated. On yisi of the second month the Emperor saw off the Liang ruler at Bashang. On gengxu day he traveled to Long Province. Turkic Khan Ashina Dianjue led his followers to surrender. On jihai of the fourth summer month an edict ordered that area commanders and governors must not take parents and sons fifteen years and older to their posts.

庚子，以吏部尚書虞慶則為尚書右僕射，瀛州刺史楊尚希為兵部尚書，毛州刺史劉仁恩為刑部尚書。五月癸酉，契丹主莫賀弗遣使請降，拜大將軍。六月庚子，降囚徒。壬子，開通濟渠，自渭達河，以通運漕。甲寅，制官人非戰功不授上柱國以下戎官。以雍、同、華、岐、宜五州旱，命無出今年租調。戊午，秦王俊來朝。秋七月丙寅，陳人來聘。八月甲午，遣十使巡省天下。戊戌，衛王爽來朝。壬寅，上柱國、太傅、鄧公竇熾薨。乙卯，陳將夏侯苗請降，上以通和不納。九月己巳，上親錄囚徒。庚午，契丹內附。甲戌，以關中饑，行幸洛陽。冬十一月壬戌，遣兼散騎常侍薛道衡使於陳。甲戌，改周十二月為臘蠟。是歲靺鞨及女國並遣使朝貢。

On gengzi day Director of the Ministry of Personnel Yu Qingze became Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs; Governor of Ying Province Yang Shangxi became Director of the Ministry of War; and Governor of Mao Province Liu Ren'en became Director of the Ministry of Justice. On guiyou of the fifth month the Khitan ruler Mohefu sent envoys requesting surrender and was appointed Grand General. On gengzi of the sixth month prisoners were pardoned. On renzi day the Tongji Canal was opened from the Wei to the Yellow River to enable transport by water. On jiayin day a regulation ordered that officials without military merit were not to be granted military offices of Pillar of State and below. Because Yong, Tong, Hua, Qi, and Yi provinces suffered drought, they were ordered not to pay this year's tax and corvée. On wuwu day Prince Jun of Qin came to court. On bingyin of the seventh autumn month men of Chen came on a friendly mission. On jiawu of the eighth month ten envoys were sent to tour and inspect the realm. On wuxu day Prince Shuang of Wei came to court. On renyin day Pillar of State, Grand Tutor, Duke Chi of Deng, died. On yimao day the Chen general Xiahou Miao requested surrender; the Emperor, for the sake of peace, did not accept. On jisi of the ninth month the Emperor personally recorded prisoners. On gengwu day the Khitan submitted. On jiaxu day, because Guanzhong suffered famine, he traveled to Luoyang. On renxu of the eleventh winter month Acting Attendant Cavalier Xue Daohang was sent as envoy to Chen. On jiaxu day the Zhou twelfth month was changed to the twelfth month of wax offerings. That year Mohe and the Women's State both sent envoys with tribute.

五年春正月戊辰，詔行新禮。壬申，詔罷江陵總管。其後，梁主請依舊，許之。

In the fifth year, first month, on wuchen day an edict ordered the new rites to be put into effect. On renshen day an edict ordered the abolition of the Area Commander of Jiangling. Afterward the Liang ruler requested the old arrangement, and it was granted.

三月戊午，以尚書左僕射高颎為左領軍大將軍，以上柱國宇文忻為右領軍大將軍。

On wuwu of the third month Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs Gao Jiong became General of the Left Army Guard; Pillar of State Yuwen Xin became General of the Right Army Guard.

夏四月甲午，契丹遣使朝貢。壬寅，上柱國王誼謀反，誅。乙巳，詔征山東大儒馬榮伯等。戊申，車駕至自洛陽。五月甲申，初置義倉。梁主蕭巋殂。遣上大將軍元契使於突厥阿波可汗。秋七月庚申，陳人來聘。壬午，突厥沙缽略可汗上表稱臣。

On jiawu of the fourth summer month the Khitan sent envoys with tribute. On renyin day Pillar of State Wang Yi plotted rebellion and was executed. On yisi day an edict ordered the summons of great Confucian scholars of Shandong such as Ma Rongbo. On wushen day the imperial carriage returned from Luoyang. On jiashen of the fifth month public granaries of charity were established for the first time. The Liang ruler Xiao Yan died. Upper Grand General Yuan Qi was sent as envoy to the Turkic Khan Apo. On gengshen of the seventh autumn month men of Chen came on a friendly mission. On renwu day the Turkic Khan Shabolue submitted a memorial declaring himself subject.

八月甲辰，河南諸州水，遣戶部尚書蘇威振給之。戊申，有流星數百，四散而下。

On jiachen of the eighth month Henan provinces suffered flooding; Director of the Ministry of Revenue Su Wei was sent to give relief. On wushen day several hundred meteors scattered and fell.

九月乙丑，改鮑陂曰杜陂，霸水曰滋水。丙子，遣兼散騎常侍李若使於陳。冬十一月丁卯，晉王廣來朝。十二月丁未，降囚徒。

On yichou of the ninth month Baopo was renamed Dupu and Bashui renamed Zishui. On bingzi day Acting Attendant Cavalier Li Ruo was sent as envoy to Chen. On dingmao of the eleventh winter month Prince Guang of Jin came to court. On dingwei of the twelfth month prisoners were pardoned.

六年春正月甲子，党項羌內附。庚午，班歷於突厥。壬申，使戶部尚書蘇威巡省山東。二月乙酉，山南荊浙七州水，遣前工部尚書長孫毗振恤之。丙戌，制刺史上佐，每歲暮，更入朝上考課。丁亥，發丁男十一萬修築長城，二旬而罷。庚子，大赦。三月己未，洛陽男子高德上書，請帝為太上皇，傳位皇太子。帝曰：「朕承天命，撫育蒼生，日旰孜孜，猶恐不逮。豈學近代帝王，事不師古，傳位於子，自求逸樂哉。」癸亥，突厥沙缽略可汗遣使朝貢。夏四月己亥，陳人來聘。秋七月辛亥，河南諸州水。乙丑，京師雨毛如馬尾，長者二尺餘，短者有六七寸。八月辛卯關內七州旱，蠲其賦稅。遣散騎常侍裴世豪使於陳。戊申，上柱國、太師、申公李穆薨。閏月丁卯，皇太子鎮洛陽。辛未，晉王廣、秦王俊並來朝。丙子，上柱國郕公梁士彥、上柱國巳公宇文忻、柱國舒公劉昉謀反，伏誅。上柱國、許公宇文善有罪，除名。九月辛巳，帝素服御射殿，詔百寮射梁士彥三家資物。丙戌，上柱國、宋安公元景山卒。辛丑，詔振恤大象以來死事之家。冬十月己酉，以河北道行臺尚書令、并州總管、晉王廣為雍州牧，余官如故。以兵部尚書楊尚希為禮部尚書。癸丑，置山南道行臺尚書省於襄州，以秦王俊為尚書令。

In the sixth year, first month, on jiazi day the Tangut Qiang submitted. On gengwu day the calendar was promulgated to the Turks. On renshen day Director of the Ministry of Revenue Su Wei was sent to tour and inspect Shandong. On yiyou of the second month seven provinces of Shannan, Jing, and Zhe suffered flooding; former Director of the Ministry of Works Changsun Pi was sent to give relief. On bingxu day a regulation ordered that the chief assistants of governors, at the end of each year, enter court for annual assessment. On dinghai day one hundred ten thousand corvée men were mobilized to repair the Great Wall; after twenty days the work ceased. On gengzi day a great amnesty was proclaimed. On jiwei of the third month a man of Luoyang named Gao De submitted a memorial asking the Emperor to become Retired Emperor and transfer the throne to the crown prince. The Emperor said, "I have received Heaven's mandate and nurture the black-headed people; from dawn to dusk I am diligent, yet still fear I do not measure up. How could I imitate recent dynasties' emperors, not taking antiquity as teacher, transferring the throne to my son and seeking ease and pleasure for myself? On guihai day the Turkic Khan Shabolue sent envoys with tribute. On jihai of the fourth summer month men of Chen came on a friendly mission. On xinhai of the seventh autumn month Henan provinces suffered flooding. On yichou day hair like horse tails rained in the capital; the long measured more than two chi, the short six or seven cun. On xinmao of the eighth month seven provinces within the passes suffered drought; their taxes and levies were remitted. Attendant Cavalier Pei Shihao was sent as envoy to Chen. On wushen day Pillar of State, Grand Preceptor, Duke Mu of Shen, died. On dingmao of the intercalary month the crown prince garrisoned Luoyang. On xinwei day Prince Guang of Jin and Prince Jun of Qin both came to court. On bingzi day Pillar of State Duke Liang Shiyan of Xing, Pillar of State Duke Yuwen Xin of Ji, and Pillar of State Duke Liu Fang of Shu plotted rebellion and were executed. Pillar of State, Duke Shan of Xu, Yuwen Shan, was guilty and his name was removed from the rolls. On xinsi of the ninth month the Emperor in plain robes entered the Archery Hall and ordered the hundred officials to shoot at the goods of the three households of Liang Shiyan. On bingxu day Pillar of State, Prince Yuan Jingshan of Song'an, died. On xinchou day an edict ordered relief for the families of those who died in service since Daxiang. On jiyou of the tenth winter month Prince Guang of Jin, Director of the Branch Department of State Affairs of Hebei Circuit and Area Commander of Bing Province, became Governor of Yong Province; his other offices remained unchanged. Director of the Ministry of War Yang Shangxi became Director of the Ministry of Rites. On guichou day the Branch Department of State Affairs of Shannan Circuit was established at Xiang Province, with Prince Jun of Qin as Director.

七年春正月癸巳，祀太廟。乙未，制諸州歲貢三人。二月丁巳，祀朝日於東郊。

In the seventh year, first month, on guisi day the ancestral temple was sacrificed to. On yiwei day a regulation ordered that each province annually recommend three men. On dingsi of the second month the morning sun was sacrificed to at the eastern suburb.

己巳，陳人來聘。壬申，幸醴泉宮。是月，發丁男十萬修築長城，二旬而罷。夏四月庚戌，於揚州開山陽瀆，以通運漕。突厥沙缽略可汗卒。癸亥，頒青龍符於東方總管、刺史；西方以白武；南方以朱雀；北方以玄武。甲戌，遣兼散騎常侍楊周使於陳。以戶部尚書蘇威為吏部尚書。五月乙亥朔，日有蝕之。己卯，隕石於武安、滏陽間，十餘里。秋七月己丑，衛王爽薨。八月庚申，梁主蕭琮來朝。九月乙酉，梁安平王蕭巖掠於其國以奔陳。辛卯，廢梁國，曲赦江陵。以梁主蕭琮為柱國，封莒國公。冬十月庚申，行幸同州。以先帝所居故，曲降囚徒。癸亥，幸蒲州。丙寅，宴父老，上極歡，曰：「此間人物，衣服鮮麗，容止閑雅。良由仕宦之鄉，陶染成俗也。」十一月甲午，幸馮翊，祭故社。父老對詔失旨，上大怒，免其縣官而去。

On jisi day men of Chen came on a friendly mission. On renshen day he traveled to Liquan Palace. That month one hundred thousand corvée men were mobilized to repair the Great Wall; after twenty days the work ceased. On gengxu of the fourth summer month the Shanyang Canal was opened at Yang Province to enable transport by water. The Turkic Khan Shabolue died. On guihai day azure dragon talismans were issued to area commanders and governors of the east; the west used white martial talismans; the south used vermilion bird talismans; the north used dark warrior talismans. On jiaxu day Acting Attendant Cavalier Yang Zhou was sent as envoy to Chen. Director of the Ministry of Revenue Su Wei became Director of the Ministry of Personnel. On yihai, the first day of the fifth month, there was an eclipse of the sun. On jimao day a meteorite fell between Wu'an and Fuyang, covering more than ten li. On jichou of the seventh autumn month Prince Shuang of Wei died. On gengshen of the eighth month the Liang ruler Xiao Cong came to court. On yiyou of the ninth month Prince Yan of Anping of Liang, Xiao Yan, plundered his own state and fled to Chen. On xinmao day the Liang state was abolished and Jiangling was specially pardoned. The Liang ruler Xiao Cong was made Pillar of State and enfeoffed Duke of Ju. In the tenth winter month, on gengshen day, he traveled to Tong Province. Because it was where the late Emperor had dwelt, prisoners were specially pardoned. On guihai day he traveled to Pu Province. On bingyin day he feasted the elders and was extremely joyful, saying, "The people here, their clothes bright and fresh, their bearing leisurely and elegant— this is truly because it is a land of office-holding, molded by custom through long exposure. On jiawu of the eleventh month he traveled to Fenyang and sacrificed at the old altar of soil. The elders answered the edict improperly; the Emperor was greatly angered, dismissed the county officials, and departed.

戊戌，車駕至自馮翊。

On wuxu day the imperial carriage returned from Fenyang.

八年春正月乙亥，陳人來聘。二月辛酉，陳人寇硤州。三月辛未，上柱國、隴西公李詢卒。甲戌，遣兼散騎常侍程尚賢使於陳。戊寅，詔大舉伐陳。秋八月丁未，河北諸州饑，遣吏部尚書蘇威振恤之。九月癸巳，嘉州言龍見。冬十月己未，置淮南行臺省於壽春，以晉王廣為尚書令。辛酉，陳人來聘，拘留不遣。甲子，有星孛於牽牛。享太廟，授律，令晉王廣、秦王俊、清河公楊素並為行軍元帥以伐陳。於是晉王出六合，秦王出襄陽，清河公楊素出信州，荊州刺史劉仁恩出江陵，宜陽公王世積出蘄春，新義公韓擒出廬江，襄邑公賀若弼出吳州，落叢公燕榮出東海，合總管九十。兵五十一萬八千，皆受晉王節度。東接滄海，西拒巴蜀，旌旃舟楫，橫亙數千里。仍曲赦陳國。十一月丁卯，車駕餞師。詔購陳叔寶，位上柱國、萬戶公。

In the eighth year, first month, on yihai day men of Chen came on a friendly mission. On xinyou of the second month men of Chen raided Xia Prefecture. On xinwei of the third month Pillar of State, Duke Xun of Longxi, Li Xun, died. On jiaxu day Acting Attendant Cavalier Cheng Shangxian was sent as envoy to Chen. On wuyin day an edict ordered a great campaign against Chen. On dingwei of the seventh autumn month Hebei provinces suffered famine; Director of the Ministry of Personnel Su Wei was sent to give relief. On guisi of the ninth month Jia Province reported that a dragon appeared. On jiwei of the tenth winter month the Branch Department of State Affairs of Huainan Circuit was established at Shouchun, with Prince Guang of Jin as Director. On xinyou day men of Chen came on a friendly mission; they were detained and not sent back. On jiazi day a broom star appeared in Ox. The ancestral temple was sacrificed to and the campaign law was received; Prince Guang of Jin, Prince Jun of Qin, Duke Su of Qinghe Yang Su, and others were all made campaign supreme commanders to attack Chen. Thereupon Prince Jin went out from Liuhe, Prince Qin from Xiangyang, Duke Su of Qinghe from Xin Province, Governor of Jing Province Liu Ren'en from Jiangling, Duke Shiji of Yiyang from Qichun, Duke Qin of Xinyi Han Qin from Lujiang, Duke Bi of Ruoyang He Ruo Bi from Wu Province, and Duke Rong of Luocong Yan Rong from Donghai—in all ninety area commanders. The troops numbered five hundred eighteen thousand; all obeyed Prince Jin's command. East connecting to the blue sea, west resisting Ba-Shu, banners and boats stretched across several thousand li. Chen was still specially pardoned. On dingmao of the eleventh month the Emperor saw off the army. An edict offered a reward for Chen Shubao: the rank of Pillar of State and Duke with ten thousand households.

乙亥，行幸定城，陳師誓眾。丙子，幸河東。十二月，車駕至自河東。

On yihai day he traveled to Ding City; the Chen army swore its host. On bingzi day he traveled to Hedong. In the twelfth month the imperial carriage returned from Hedong.

九年春正月癸酉，以尚書左僕射虞慶則為右衛大將軍。丙子，賀若弼敗陳師於蔣山，獲其將蕭摩訶；韓擒進師入建鄴，獲陳主叔寶，陳國平。合州四十，郡一百，縣四百，戶五十萬，口二百萬。癸巳，遣使持節巡撫之。二月乙未，廢淮南尚書省。

In the ninth year, first month, on youyu day Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs Yu Qingze became General of the Right Guard. On bingzi day He Ruo Bi defeated the Chen army at Jiang Mountain and captured their general Xiao Mohe; Han Qin advanced his army into Jiankang and captured the Chen ruler Shubao; the Chen state was pacified. In all forty provinces, one hundred commanderies, four hundred districts, five hundred thousand households, and two million persons. On guisi day envoys bearing staffs of authority were sent to tour and pacify the region. On yiwei of the second month the Branch Department of State Affairs of Huainan was abolished.

丙申，制五百家為鄉，正一人；百家為裏，長一人。夏四月己亥，幸驪山，親勞旋師。乙巳，三軍凱入，獻俘於太廟。以晉王廣為太尉。庚戌，帝御廣陽門，宴將士，頒賜各有差。辛亥，大赦。以陳都官尚書孔範、散騎常侍王差、王儀、御史中丞沈觀等邪佞於其主，以致亡滅，皆投之邊裔。陳人普給復十年。軍人畢世免徭役。

On bingshen day a regulation ordered that five hundred households made a district and one man was district head; one hundred households made a li and one man was li chief. On jihai of the fourth summer month he traveled to Mount Li and personally welcomed the returning army. On yisi day the three armies entered in triumph and captives were presented at the ancestral temple. Prince Guang of Jin was made Grand Commandant. On gengxu day the Emperor entered Guangyang Gate, feasted officers and soldiers, and distributed rewards in varying degrees. On xinhai day a great amnesty was proclaimed. Director of the Ministry of Justice of Chen Kong Fan, Attendant Cavalier Wang Cha, Wang Yi, and Censor-in-Chief Shen Guan and others, through flattery toward their ruler, brought about ruin; all were sent to the frontier. The people of Chen were generally granted ten years' exemption from tax and corvée. Soldiers were exempt from corvée for life.

擢陳之文武眾才而用之。宮奴數千，可歸者歸之，其餘盡以分賜將士及王公貴臣。

Talented civil and military men of Chen were selected and employed. Several thousand palace slaves who could return home were sent back; the rest were all distributed to officers and soldiers and to kings, dukes, and noble ministers.

其資物，皆於五垛賜王公以下大射。毀所得秦漢三大鐘，越二大鼓。又設亡陳女樂，謂公卿等曰：「此聲似啼，朕聞之甚不喜，故與公等一聽亡國之音，俱為永鑒焉。」

Their goods were all distributed at Wuduo to kings, dukes, and below for a great archery contest. The three great bells and two great drums obtained from Qin and Han were destroyed. Female musicians of the fallen Chen were also set up; he said to the dukes and ministers, "This music sounds like weeping; I am very displeased to hear it, and so share with you the music of a fallen state as an eternal warning."

辛酉，以吏部侍郎宇文弼為刑部尚書，宗正卿楊異為工部尚書。壬戌，詔曰：「今率土大同，含生遂性。兵可立威，不可不戢；刑可助化，不可專行。禁衛九重之余，鎮守四方之外；戎旅軍器，皆宜停罷。武力之子，俱可學文。人間甲仗，悉皆除毀。」

On xinyou day Vice Director of the Ministry of Personnel Yuwen Bi became Director of the Ministry of Justice, and Director of the Imperial Clan Yang Yi became Director of the Ministry of Works. On renxu day an edict said, "Now the realm is greatly unified and all living things have attained their nature. Arms can establish authority but must not fail to be sheathed; punishments can assist transformation but must not be exercised alone. Beyond the ninefold forbidden precinct, and outside the garrisons guarding the four directions; military travel and weapons should all be halted and dismissed. Sons of martial families may all study the civil arts. Armor and weapons among the people should all be destroyed."

閏月丁丑，頒木魚符於總管、刺史，雌一雄三。己卯，以吏部尚書蘇威為尚書右僕射。六月乙丑，以荊州總管楊素為納言。丁卯，以吏部侍郎盧愷為禮部尚書。時群臣咸請封禪，詔不許，曰：「豈可命一將軍除一小國，以薄德而封名山，用虛言而幹上帝邪。」八月壬戌，以廣平王雄為司空。冬十一月壬辰，考使定州刺史豆盧通等上表請封禪，上不許。庚子，以右衛大將軍虞慶則為右武候大將軍，右領軍將軍李安為右領軍大將軍。甲寅，降囚徒。十二月甲子，詔太常卿牛弘、通直散騎常侍許善心、秘書丞姚察、通直郎虞世基等議定樂。

On dingchou of the intercalary month wooden fish talismans were issued to area commanders and governors: one female and three male. On jimao day Director of the Ministry of Personnel Su Wei became Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs. On yichou of the sixth month Area Commander of Jing Province Yang Su became Censor-in-Chief. On dingmao day Vice Director of the Ministry of Personnel Lu Kai became Director of the Ministry of Rites. At that time the ministers all requested a feng and shan sacrifice; an edict did not permit it, saying, "How can one command a general to suppress a small state and then, with meager virtue, ascend a famous mountain and disturb the Supreme Lord with empty words? On renxu of the eighth month Prince Xiong of Guangping was made Minister of Works. On renchen of the eleventh winter month Assessment Envoys such as Governor of Ding Province Dou Lutong submitted a memorial requesting feng and shan; the Emperor did not permit it. On gengzi day General of the Right Guard Yu Qingze became General of the Right Martial Guard; General of the Right Army Guard Li An became General of the Right Army Guard. On jiayin day prisoners were pardoned. On jiazi of the twelfth month Director of Ceremonies Niu Hong, Regular Attendant Cavalier Xu Shansin, Secretary Director Yao Cha, Regular Gentleman Yu Shiji, and others were ordered to determine ritual music.

十年春正月乙未，以皇孫昭為河南王，楷為華陽王。二月庚申，行幸并州。夏五月乙未，詔曰：「魏未喪亂，宇縣瓜分，役軍歲動，未遑休息。兵士軍人，權置坊府，南征北伐，居處無定；家無完堵，地罕苞桑；恒為流寓之人，竟無鄉里之號，朕甚湣之。凡是軍人，可悉屬州縣，墾田籍帳，一同編戶。軍府統領，宜依舊式。」

In the tenth year, first month, on yiwei day the imperial grandson Zhao was enfeoffed Prince of Henan and Kai Prince of Huayang. On gengshen of the second month he traveled to Bing Province. On yiwei of the fifth month an edict said, "At the end of Wei there was disorder; the realm was divided; armies were mobilized year after year and there was no leisure to rest. Soldiers and military men were provisionally placed in garrison offices; on southern and northern campaigns they had no fixed dwelling; their homes had no complete wall and their lands rarely bore mulberry; they were constantly people adrift and ultimately had no name of native district—I am deeply moved by this. All who are military men may belong to provinces and districts, cultivate fields, and be entered in registers like ordinary households. Military offices should command according to the old pattern."

罷山東、河南及北方緣邊之地新置軍府。六月辛酉，制人年五十，免役折庸。秋七月癸卯，以納言楊素為內史令。庚戌，上親錄囚徒。辛亥，高麗遼東郡公高陽卒。

Newly established military offices in Shandong, Henan, and the northern frontier regions were abolished. On xinyou of the sixth month a regulation ordered that persons fifty years of age were exempt from corvée and paid substitute levy instead. On guimao of the seventh autumn month Censor-in-Chief Yang Su became Director of the Palace Secretariat. On gengxu day the Emperor personally recorded prisoners. On xinhai day Duke Yang of Liaodong Commandery, Gao Yang, died.

八月壬申，遣柱國韋洸、上開府王景並持節巡撫嶺南，百越皆服。九月丁酉，至自并州。冬十月甲子，頒木魚符於京官五品以上。十一月辛卯，幸國學，頒賜各有差。

On renshen of the eighth month Pillar of State Wei Guang and Upper Palace Gate General Wang Jing were both sent bearing staffs of authority to tour and pacify Lingnan; the hundred Yue all submitted. On dingyou of the ninth month he returned from Bing Province. On jiazi of the tenth winter month wooden fish talismans were issued to capital officials of fifth rank and above. On xinmao of the eleventh month he visited the Directorate of Education and distributed rewards in varying degrees.

辛丑，祀南郊。是月，婺州人汪文進、會稽人高智慧、蘇州人沈玄懀皆舉兵反，自稱天子。樂安蔡道人、饒州吳世華、永嘉沈孝徹、泉州王國慶、余杭楊寶英、交恥李春等，皆自稱大都督。詔內史令楊素討平之。是歲，吐谷渾、契丹並遣使朝貢。

On xinchou day the southern suburb was sacrificed to. That month Wang Wenjin of Wu Prefecture, Gao Zhihui of Kuaiji, and Shen Xuai of Suzhou all raised troops in rebellion and declared themselves Son of Heaven. Cai Daoren of Le'an, Wu Shihua of Raozhou, Shen Xiaoche of Yongjia, Wang Guoqing of Quanzhou, Yang Baoying of Yuhang, and Li Chun of Jiao Zhi all declared themselves Area Commanders. An edict ordered Director of the Palace Secretariat Yang Su to suppress and pacify them. That year Tuyuhun and the Khitan both sent envoys with tribute.

十一年春正月丁酉，以平陳所得古器，多為妖變，悉命毀之。丙午，皇太子妃元氏薨，上舉哀於東宮文思殿。二月戊午，以大將軍蘇孝慈為工部尚書。丙子，以臨潁令劉曠政績尤異，擢為莒州刺史。辛巳晦，日有蝕之。夏五月乙巳，以右衛將軍元旻為左衛大將軍。秋八月壬申，滕王瓚薨。乙亥，上柱國沛國公鄭譯卒。是歲，高麗、靺鞨並遣使朝貢。突厥獻七寶碗。

In the eleventh year, first month, on dingyou day ancient vessels obtained from pacifying Chen, many of which showed demonic transformations, were all ordered destroyed. On bingwu day the crown prince's consort of the Yuan clan died; the Emperor mourned at the Wensi Hall of the Eastern Palace. On wuwu of the second month Grand General Su Xiaoci became Director of the Ministry of Works. On bingzi day, because Magistrate Liu Kuang of Linying had exceptionally distinguished achievement, he was promoted to Governor of Ju Province. On xinsi, the last day of the month, there was an eclipse of the sun. On yisi of the fifth summer month General of the Right Guard Yuan Min became General of the Left Guard. On renshen of the eighth autumn month Prince Zan of Teng died. On yihai day Pillar of State, Duke Yi of Pei, Zheng Yi, died. That year Goguryeo and Mohe both sent envoys with tribute. The Turks presented a seven-treasure bowl.

十二年春二月己巳，以蜀王秀為內史令，兼右領軍大將軍；以漢王諒為雍州牧、右衛大將軍。秋七月乙巳，尚書右僕射邳公蘇威、禮部尚書容城侯盧愷並坐事除名。

In the twelfth year, second month, on jisi day Prince Xiu of Shu became Director of the Palace Secretariat and Concurrent General of the Right Army Guard; Prince Liang of Han became Governor of Yong Province and General of the Right Guard. On yisi of the seventh autumn month Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs Duke Su Wei of Pi and Director of the Ministry of Rites Marquis Lu Kai of Rongcheng were both dismissed from office for offenses.

壬申晦，日有蝕之。八月甲戌，制天下死罪，諸州不得便決，皆令大理覆之。癸巳，制宿衛者不得輙離所守。丁酉，上柱國、楚公豆盧績卒。戊戌，上親錄囚徒。冬十月丁丑，以遂安王集為衛王。壬午，祀太廟。至太祖神主前，帝流涕鳴咽，不自勝。

On renshen, the last day of the month, there was an eclipse of the sun. On jiaxu of the eighth month a regulation ordered that capital crimes throughout the realm must not be decided by the provinces at will; all were to be reviewed by the Court of Judicial Review. On guisi day a regulation ordered that palace guards must not leave their posts at will. On dingyou day Pillar of State, Duke Ji of Chu, Dou Lu Ji, died. On wuxu day the Emperor personally recorded prisoners. On dingchou of the tenth winter month Prince Ji of Sui'an became Prince of Wei. On renwu day the ancestral temple was sacrificed to. When he reached the spirit tablet of Taizu, the Emperor wept and sobbed, unable to control himself.

十一月辛亥，祀南郊。己未，上柱國、新義公韓擒卒。甲子，百僚大射於武德殿。

On xinhai of the eleventh month the southern suburb was sacrificed to. On jiwei day Pillar of State, Duke Qin of Xinyi, Han Qin, died. On jiazi day the hundred officials held a great archery contest at Wude Hall.

十二月乙酉，以內史令楊素為尚書右僕射。是歲，突厥、吐谷渾、靺鞨並遣使朝貢。

On yiyou of the twelfth month Director of the Palace Secretariat Yang Su became Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs. That year the Turks, Tuyuhun, and Mohe all sent envoys with tribute.

十三年春正月乙巳，上柱國、郇公韓建業卒。壬子，祀感帝。己未，以信州總管韋世康為吏部尚書。壬戌，行幸岐州。二月丙子，詔營仁壽宮。丁亥，至自岐州。

In the thirteenth year, first month, on yisi day Pillar of State, Duke Ye of Xun, Han Jianye, died. On renzi day the Emperor of Feeling was sacrificed to. On jiwei day Area Commander of Xin Province Wei Shikang became Director of the Ministry of Personnel. On renxu day he traveled to Qi Province. On bingzi of the second month an edict ordered the construction of Renshou Palace. On dinghai day he returned from Qi Province.

己卯，立皇孫暕為豫章王。戊子，晉州刺史南陽郡公賈悉達、隰州總管撫寧郡公韓延等以賄伏誅。己丑，制坐事去官者，配防一年。丁酉，制私家不得陷藏緯候圖讖。

On jimao day the imperial grandson Yang was established Prince of Yuzhang. On wuzi day Governor of Jin Province Duke Jia Xida of Nanyang Commandery, Area Commander of Xi Province Duke Han Yan of Funing Commandery, and others were executed for bribery. On jichou day a regulation ordered that those dismissed from office for offenses were assigned to garrison duty for one year. On dingyou day a regulation ordered that private households must not secretly hoard prognostications, celestial charts, or apocrypha.

夏五月癸亥，詔禁人間撰集國史，臧否人物。秋七月戊辰晦，日有蝕之。九月丙辰，降囚徒。庚申，封邵公楊綸為滕王。冬十一月乙卯，上柱國、華陽公梁彥光卒。是歲，契丹、燧、室韋、靺鞨並遣使朝貢。

On guihai of the fifth summer month an edict prohibited the people from compiling national histories and judging persons. On wuchen, the last day of the seventh autumn month, there was an eclipse of the sun. On bingchen of the ninth month prisoners were pardoned. On gengshen day Duke Lun of Shao was enfeoffed Prince of Teng. On yimao of the eleventh winter month Pillar of State, Duke Guang of Huayang, Liang Yanguang, died. That year the Khitan, Sui, Shiwei, and Mohe all sent envoys with tribute.

十四年夏四月乙丑，詔曰：「比命有司，總令研究，正樂雅聲，詳定已訖，宜即施用，見行者停。人間音樂，流僻日久；棄其舊體，競造繁聲；流宕不歸，遂以成俗。宜加禁約，務存其本。」五月辛酉，京師地震。關內諸州旱。六月丁卯，詔省、府、州、縣皆給廨田，不得興生，與人爭利。秋七月乙未，以邳公蘇威為納言。

On yichou of the fourth summer month of the fourteenth year an edict said, "Recently I ordered the officials to conduct a general study; correct music and elegant tones have been fully determined and should now be put into use; what is currently in use should cease. Popular music has been decadent for a long time; abandoning the old forms, all compete to create elaborate sounds; drifting without return, and so it has become custom. Restrictions should be strengthened to preserve the root. On xinyou of the fifth month the capital suffered an earthquake. Provinces within the passes suffered drought. On dingmao of the sixth month an edict ordered that provinces, offices, prefectures, and districts all be granted official fields and must not engage in trade or compete with the people for profit. On yiwei of the seventh autumn month Duke Su Wei of Pi became Censor-in-Chief.

八月辛未，關中大旱，人饑。行幸洛陽，並命百姓山東就食。冬閏十月甲寅，詔曰：「梁、齊、陳往皆創業一方，綿歷年代。既宗祀廢絕，祭奠無主；興言矜念，良以愴然。莒國公蕭琮及高仁英、陳叔寶等，宜令以時世修祭祀，所須器物，有司給之。

On xinwei of the eighth month Guanzhong suffered great drought and the people were hungry. He traveled to Luoyang and also ordered the people of Shandong to go there for food. On jiayin of the intercalary tenth winter month an edict said, "Liang, Qi, and Chen in former times each founded an enterprise in one region and endured through the ages. Now their ancestral sacrifices are cut off and their offerings have no master; speaking of this moves one to pity and deeply to sorrow. Duke Xiao Cong of Ju, Gao Renying, Chen Shubao, and others should be ordered to maintain sacrifices generation after generation; the required utensils should be supplied by the officials.

乙卯，制外官九品以上，父母及子年十五不得從之官。十一月壬戌，制州縣佐史，三年一代，不得重任。癸未，有星孛於角、亢。十二月乙未，東巡狩。

On yimao day a regulation ordered that for outer officials of ninth rank and above, parents and sons fifteen years of age might not accompany them to their posts. On renxu of the eleventh month a regulation ordered that district and county clerks serve three-year terms and might not serve consecutive terms. On guimwei day a broom star appeared in Horn and Chamber. On yiwei of the twelfth month he toured east on a hunting expedition.

十五年春正月壬戌，車駕次齊州，親問疾苦。丙寅，旅王符山。庚午，以歲旱，祀太山以謝愆咎，大赦。二月丙辰，禁私家畜兵器，關中、緣邊不在其例。禁河以東無得乘馬。丁巳，上柱國、蔣公梁睿卒。三月己未，車駕至自東巡。望祭五嶽海瀆。丁亥，幸仁壽宮。夏四月己丑朔，大赦。甲辰，以趙州刺史楊達為工部尚書。

In the fifteenth year, first month, on renxu day the imperial carriage halted at Qi Province and personally inquired about the people's hardships. On bingyin day he performed the journey sacrifice at Mount Wangfu. On gengwu day, because of drought that year, he sacrificed at Mount Tai to acknowledge fault and proclaimed a great amnesty. On bingchen of the second month private households were prohibited from keeping weapons; Guanzhong and the frontier regions were excepted. East of the Yellow River, riding horses was prohibited. On dingsi day Pillar of State, Duke Rui of Jiang, Liang Rui, died. On jiwei of the third month the imperial carriage returned from the eastern tour. He performed distant sacrifice to the five sacred mountains and the rivers and seas. On dinghai day he traveled to Renshou Palace. On jichou, the first day of the fourth summer month, a great amnesty was proclaimed. On jiachen day Governor of Zhao Province Yang Da became Director of the Ministry of Works.

五月丁亥，制京官五品以上佩銅魚符。六月戊子，詔鑿砥柱。庚寅，相州刺史豆盧通貢綾文布，命焚之於朝堂。辛丑，詔名山未在祀典者，悉命祀之。秋七月甲戌，遣邳公蘇威巡省江南。戊寅，至自仁壽宮。辛巳，制九品以上官，以理去官者，並聽執笏。冬十二月戊子，敕盜邊糧一升以上，皆斬，籍沒其家。己丑，詔文武官以四考更代。是歲，吐谷渾、林邑等國並遣使朝貢。

On dinghai of the fifth month a regulation ordered that capital officials of fifth rank and above wear bronze fish talismans. On wuzi of the sixth month an edict ordered the cutting of Dizhu. On gengyin day Governor of Xiang Province Dou Lutong presented patterned silk; he was ordered to burn it in the court hall. On xinchou day an edict ordered that famous mountains not in the sacrificial canon all be ordered sacrificed to. On jiaxu of the seventh autumn month Duke Su Wei of Pi was sent to tour and inspect Jiangnan. On wuyin day he returned from Renshou Palace. On xinsi day a regulation ordered that officials of ninth rank and above who left office for cause might all carry court tablets. On wuzi of the twelfth winter month an edict ordered that theft of frontier grain of one sheng or more was punishable by decapitation and confiscation of the household. On jichou day an edict ordered that civil and military officials be replaced after four assessments. That year Tuyuhun, Linyi, and other states all sent envoys with tribute.

十六年春二月丁亥，封皇孫裕為平原王，筠為安成王，嶷為安平王，恪為襄城王，該為高陽王，韶為建安王，蟹為潁川王。夏六月甲午，制工商不得進仕。并州大蝗。辛丑，詔九品以上妻、五品以上妾，夫亡不得改嫁。秋八月庚戌，詔決死罪者，三奏而後行刑。冬十月己丑，幸長春宮。十一月壬子，至自長春宮。

In the sixteenth year, second month, on dinghai day the imperial grandson Yu was enfeoffed Prince of Pingyuan, Yun Prince of Ancheng, Ni Prince of Anping, Ke Prince of Xiangcheng, Gai Prince of Gaoyang, Shao Prince of Jian'an, and Xie Prince of Yingchuan. On jiawu of the sixth summer month a regulation ordered that artisans and merchants might not enter office. Bing Province suffered a great locust plague. On xinchou day an edict ordered that wives of officials of ninth rank and above and concubines of fifth rank and above might not remarry after their husbands' death. On gengxu of the eighth autumn month an edict ordered that for capital crimes, execution should follow three reports. On jichou of the tenth winter month he traveled to Changchun Palace. On renzi of the eleventh month he returned from Changchun Palace.

十七年春二月癸未，太平公史萬歲伐西寧，克之。庚寅，行幸仁壽宮。庚子，上柱國王世積討桂州賊李光仕，平之。三月丙辰，詔諸司屬官有犯，聽於律令外斟酌決杖。辛酉，上親錄囚徒。癸亥，上柱國、彭城公劉昶以罪狀誅。庚午，遣御史柳彧、皇甫誕巡省河南北。夏四月戊寅，頒新歷。五月庚申，宴百僚於玉女泉，班賜各有差。己巳，蜀王秀來朝。閏月己卯，群鹿入殿門。馴擾侍衛之內。秋七月丁丑，桂州人李世賢反，遣右武候大將軍虞慶則討平之。丁亥，并州總管、秦王俊坐事免，以王就第。九月甲申，車駕至自仁壽宮。庚寅，上謂侍臣曰：「廟庭設樂，本以迎神。齋祭之日，觸目多感，當此之際，何可為心？在路奏樂，禮為未允。公卿宜更詳之。」冬十月丁未，頒銅武符於驃騎、車騎府。戊申，道王靜薨。庚午，詔曰：「五帝異樂，三王殊禮，皆隨事而有損益，因情而立節文。仰惟祭享宗廟，瞻敬如在，罔極之感，情深茲日。而禮畢升路，鼓吹發音，還入宮門，金石振響；斯則哀樂同日，心事相違，情所不安，理實未允。宜改茲往式，用弘禮教。自今享廟日，不須備鼓吹，殿庭勿設樂縣。」辛未，京下大索。十二月壬子，上柱國、右武候大將軍、魯公虞慶則以罪伏誅。是歲，高麗、突厥並遣使朝貢。

In the seventeenth year, second month, on guiwei day Duke Shi Wansui of Taiping attacked Xining and took it. On gengyin day he traveled to Renshou Palace. On gengzi day Pillar of State Wang Shiji suppressed the bandit Li Guangshi of Gui Province and pacified him. On bingchen of the third month an edict ordered that when subordinate officials of various offices committed offenses, they might be beaten at discretion beyond what the laws and ordinances prescribed. On xinyou day the Emperor personally recorded prisoners. On guihai day Pillar of State, Duke Chang of Pengcheng, Liu Chang, was executed for his crimes. On gengwu day Censor Liu Yu and Huangfu Yan were sent to tour and inspect Henan and Hebei. On wuyin of the fourth summer month the new calendar was promulgated. On gengshen of the fifth month he feasted the hundred officials at Jade Maiden Spring and distributed rewards in varying degrees. On jisi day Prince Xiu of Shu came to court. On jimao of the intercalary month a herd of deer entered the palace gate. They frolicked tamely among the guards. On dingchou of the seventh autumn month Li Shixian of Gui Province rebelled; General of the Right Martial Guard Yu Qingze was sent to suppress and pacify him. On dinghai day Area Commander of Bing Province Prince Jun of Qin was dismissed from office for an offense and retired to his princely residence. On jiashen of the ninth month the imperial carriage returned from Renshou Palace. On gengyin day the Emperor said to his attendants, "Music is set up in the temple court originally to welcome the spirits. On days of fasting and sacrifice, sight touches many feelings; at such a moment, how can the heart be at ease? Playing music on the road is not permitted by ritual. The dukes and ministers should examine this further. On dingwei of the tenth winter month bronze military talismans were issued to the offices of Agile Cavalry and Chariots and Cavalry. On wushen day Prince Jing of Dao died. On gengwu day an edict said, "The Five Emperors had different music and the Three Kings had different rites; all adjusted according to circumstances and established protocol according to feeling. Looking up to the sacrifice at the ancestral temple, reverence is as if present; the feeling of boundless gratitude is deep on this day. Yet when the rite is complete and one ascends the road, drums and pipes sound; returning through the palace gate, bells and stones resound; this is sorrow and joy on the same day, the heart's intent at odds with itself; what the feelings cannot accept is in truth not permitted by reason. The former pattern should be changed to extend ritual teaching. From now on on days of temple sacrifice, drums and pipes need not be prepared and bell chimes should not be set up in the palace courtyard. On xinwei day a great search was conducted in the capital. On renzi of the twelfth month Pillar of State, General of the Right Martial Guard, Duke Yu of Lu, Yu Qingze, was executed for his crimes. That year Goguryeo and the Turks both sent envoys with tribute.

十八年春正月辛丑，詔曰：「吳、越之人，往承弊俗；所在之處，私造大船，因相聚結，致有侵害。江南諸州，人間有船長三丈以上，悉括入官。」二月甲辰，幸仁壽宮。乙巳，以漢王諒為行軍元帥，水陸三十萬，伐高麗。夏五月辛亥，詔畜貓鬼蠱毒厭魅野道之家，投於四裔。六月丙寅，詔黜高麗王高元官爵。秋八月丙子，詔京官五品以上、總管、刺史舉誌行修謹、清平幹濟之士。九月己丑，漢王諒師遇疾疫而旋，死者十二三。庚寅，敕舍客無公驗者，坐及刺史、縣令。辛卯，車駕至自仁壽宮。冬十一月甲戌，帝親錄囚徒。癸未，祀南郊。十二月庚子，上柱國、夏州總管、東萊公王景以罪伏誅。是歲，自京師至仁壽宮，置行宮十所。 巳、宋、陳、亳、曹、戴、潁等州水，詔並免庸調。

In the eighteenth year, first month, on xinchou day an edict said, "The people of Wu and Yue in former times inherited corrupt customs; wherever they were, they privately built large ships, gathered and banded together, and caused harm. In the provinces of Jiangnan, all boats among the people longer than three zhang were confiscated by the state. On jiachen of the second month he traveled to Renshou Palace. On yisi day Prince Liang of Han was made campaign supreme commander with three hundred thousand troops by land and water to attack Goguryeo. On xinhai of the fifth summer month an edict ordered that households keeping cat demons, poison, sorcery, and wild cults be sent to the four frontiers. On bingyin of the sixth month an edict removed King Gao Yuan of Goguryeo from his offices and titles. On bingzi of the eighth autumn month an edict ordered capital officials of fifth rank and above, area commanders, and governors to recommend men of known integrity, prudent conduct, and clear competence. On jichou of the ninth month Prince Liang of Han's army encountered plague and withdrew; one or two out of ten died. On gengyin day an edict ordered that lodgers without official passes would implicate the governor and magistrate. On xinmao day the imperial carriage returned from Renshou Palace. On jiaxu of the eleventh winter month the Emperor personally recorded prisoners. On guimwei day the southern suburb was sacrificed to. On gengzi of the twelfth month Pillar of State, Area Commander of Xia Province, Duke Jing of Donglai, Wang Jing, was executed for his crimes. That year, from the capital to Renshou Palace, ten traveling palaces were established. Ji, Song, Chen, Bo, Cao, Dai, Ying, and other provinces suffered flooding; an edict ordered exemption from corvée and tax for all.

十九年春正月癸酉，大赦。戊寅，大射於武德殿。二月己亥，晉王廣來朝。甲寅，幸仁壽宮。夏四月丁酉，突厥利可汗內附。達頭可汗犯塞，行軍總管史萬歲擊破之。六月丁酉，以豫章王暕為內史令。秋八月癸卯，上柱國、尚書左僕射、齊公高颎坐事免。辛亥，上柱國、皖城公張威卒。甲寅，上柱國、城陽公李徹卒。九月乙丑，以太常卿牛弘為吏部尚書。冬十月甲午，以突厥利可汗為啟人可汗，築大利城，處其部落。十一月，有司言元年已來，日漸長。十二月乙未，突厥都藍可汗為部下所殺，國大亂。星隕於勃海。二十年春正月辛酉朔，突厥、高麗、契丹並遣使朝貢。二月丁丑，無雲而雷。三月辛卯，熙州人李英林反，遣行軍總管張衡討之。

In the nineteenth year, first month, on guiyou day a great amnesty was proclaimed. On wuyin day a great archery contest was held at Wude Hall. On jihai of the second month Prince Guang of Jin came to court. On jiayin day he traveled to Renshou Palace. On dingyou of the fourth summer month the Turkic Khan Li submitted. Khan Datou violated the frontier; Campaign General Shi Wansui defeated him. On dingyou of the sixth month Prince Yang of Yuzhang became Director of the Palace Secretariat. On guimao of the eighth autumn month Pillar of State, Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Duke Gao of Qi, was dismissed from office for an offense. On xinhai day Pillar of State, Duke Wei of Wancheng, Zhang Wei, died. On jiayin day Pillar of State, Duke Che of Chengyang, Li Che, died. On yichou of the ninth month Director of Ceremonies Niu Hong became Director of the Ministry of Personnel. On jiawu of the tenth winter month the Turkic Khan Li was made Khan Qiren; Dali City was built to settle his tribes. In the eleventh month the officials reported that since the first year the days had gradually lengthened. On yiwei of the twelfth month the Turkic Khan Dulou was killed by his subordinates and the state fell into great disorder. A star fell in Bohai. On xinyou, the first day of the first month of the twentieth year, the Turks, Goguryeo, and Khitan all sent envoys with tribute. On dingchou of the second month thunder sounded though there were no clouds. On xinmao of the third month Li Yinglin of Xi Province rebelled; Campaign General Zhang Heng was sent to suppress him.

夏四月壬戌，突厥犯塞，以晉王廣為行軍元帥，擊破之。乙亥，天有聲如寫水，自南而北。六月丁丑，秦王俊薨。秋九月丁未，車駕至自仁壽宮。冬十月乙丑，廢皇太子勇及其諸子。並為庶人。殺柱國、太平公史萬歲。己巳，殺左衛大將軍、五原公元旻。十一月戊子，以晉王廣為皇太子。天下地震。京城大風雪。十二月戊午，詔東宮官屬於皇太子不得稱臣。辛巳，詔毀壞偷盜佛及天尊像、嶽鎮海瀆神形者，以不道論。沙門壞佛像，道士壞天尊像，以惡逆論。

On renxu of the fourth summer month the Turks violated the frontier; Prince Guang of Jin was made campaign supreme commander and defeated them. On yihai day Heaven made a sound like pouring water, from south to north. On dingchou of the sixth month Prince Jun of Qin died. On dingwei of the ninth autumn month the imperial carriage returned from Renshou Palace. On yichou of the tenth winter month Crown Prince Yong and his sons were deposed. All were made commoners. Pillar of State, Duke Wansui of Taiping, Shi Wansui, was killed. On jisi day General of the Left Guard, Duke Min of Wuyuan, Yuan Min, was killed. On wuzi of the eleventh month Prince Guang of Jin was made crown prince. The realm suffered earthquakes. The capital suffered great wind and snow. On wuwu of the twelfth month an edict ordered that officials of the Eastern Palace might not address the crown prince as subject. On xinsi day an edict ordered that those who stole or destroyed Buddha images, Heavenly Worthy images, or images of sacred mountains, rivers, and seas were to be judged for impiety. Buddhist monks who destroyed Buddha images and Daoist priests who destroyed Heavenly Worthy images were to be judged for great treachery.

仁壽元年春正月乙酉朔，大赦，改元。以尚書右僕射楊素為左僕射，以納言蘇威為右僕射。丁酉，徙河南王昭為晉王。突厥寇恒安，遣柱國韓洪擊之，敗焉。以晉王昭為內史令。辛丑，詔曰：「投生殉節，自古稱難，殞身王事，禮加二等。而世俗之徒，不達大義，致命戎旅，不入兆域。興言念此，每深湣嘆。且入廟祭祀，並不廢闕，何止墳塋，獨在其外？自今戰亡之徒，宜入墓域。」二月乙卯朔，日有蝕之。夏五月己丑，突厥男女九萬餘口來降。壬辰，驟雨震雷，大風拔木，宜君湫水，移於始平。六月乙卯，遣十六使巡省風俗。乙丑，廢太學及州縣學，唯留國子一學，取正三品以上子七十二人充生。頒舍利於諸州秋七月戊戌，改國子為太學。

In Renshou year one, first month, on yiyou, the first day, a great amnesty was proclaimed and the reign title was changed. Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs Yang Su became Left Vice Director; Censor-in-Chief Su Wei became Right Vice Director. On dingyou day Prince Zhao of Henan was transferred to Prince of Jin. The Turks raided Heng'an; Pillar of State Han Hong was sent to attack them and was defeated. Prince Zhao of Jin became Director of the Palace Secretariat. On xinchou day an edict said, "To give one's life in loyal service has from antiquity been called difficult; to die in the king's service receives ritual honor two ranks higher. Yet worldly people, not understanding the great meaning, who die in the army are not admitted to the burial ground. Speaking of this moves me to deep pity and sighing. Moreover, entry into the temple for sacrifice is not omitted; why should the grave alone be excluded? From now on those who die in battle should be admitted to the burial domain. On yimao, the first day of the second month, there was an eclipse of the sun. On jichou of the fifth summer month more than ninety thousand Turkic men and women came to surrender. On renchen day sudden rain, thunder, and great wind uprooted trees; the Qiu water of Yijun moved to Shiping. On yimao of the sixth month sixteen envoys were sent to tour and inspect local customs. On yichou day the Directorate of Education and district and county schools were abolished; only one Directorate of the Sons of the State remained, taking seventy-two sons of officials of third rank and above as students. Relics were distributed to the provinces. In the seventh autumn month, on wuxu day, the Directorate of the Sons of the State was changed to the Directorate of Education.

十一月己丑，祀南郊。十二月，楊素擊突厥，大破之。

On jichou of the eleventh month the southern suburb was sacrificed to. In the twelfth month Yang Su attacked the Turks and greatly defeated them.

二年春三月己亥，幸仁壽宮。夏四月庚戌，岐、雍二州地震。秋七月丙戌，詔內外官各舉所知。八月己巳，皇后獨孤氏崩。九月丙戌，車駕至自仁壽宮。壬辰，河南北諸州大水，遣工部尚書楊達振恤之。乙未，上柱國、袁州總管、金水公周搖卒。隴西地震。冬十月壬子，典赦益州管內。癸丑，以工部尚書楊達為納言。閏月甲申，詔尚書左僕射楊素與諸術者刊定陰陽舛謬。己丑，詔楊素、右僕射蘇威、吏部尚書牛弘、內史侍郎薛道衡、秘書丞許善心、內史舍人虞世基、著作郎王劭等修定五禮。壬寅，葬獻皇后於太陵。十二月癸巳，益州總管、蜀王秀有罪，廢為庶人。

In the second year, third month, on jihai day he traveled to Renshou Palace. On gengxu of the fourth summer month Qi and Yong provinces suffered earthquakes. On bingxu of the seventh autumn month an edict ordered inner and outer officials each to recommend men they knew. On jisi of the eighth month Empress Dugu died. On bingxu of the ninth month the imperial carriage returned from Renshou Palace. On renchen day Henan and Hebei provinces suffered great flooding; Director of the Ministry of Works Yang Da was sent to give relief. On yiwei day Pillar of State, Area Commander of Yuan Province, Duke Yao of Jinshui, Zhou Yao, died. Longxi suffered an earthquake. On renzi of the tenth winter month a special amnesty was proclaimed within the jurisdiction of Yi Province. On guichou day Director of the Ministry of Works Yang Da became Censor-in-Chief. On jiashen of the intercalary month an edict ordered Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs Yang Su and various specialists to correct errors in yin and yang. On jichou day an edict ordered Yang Su, Right Vice Director Su Wei, Director of the Ministry of Personnel Niu Hong, Vice Director of the Palace Secretariat Xue Daohang, Secretary Director Xu Shansin, Vice Director of the Palace Secretariat Yu Shiji, and Compiler Wang Shao and others to revise and determine the Five Rites. On renyin day Empress Xian was buried at Tailing. On guisi of the twelfth month Area Commander of Yi Province Prince Xiu of Shu was guilty and deposed as a commoner.

交州人李佛子舉兵反，遣行軍總管劉方討平之。

Li Fozi of Jiao Province raised troops in rebellion; Campaign General Liu Fang was sent to suppress and pacify him.

三年春二月戊子，以大將軍、蔡陽郡公姚辯為左武候大將軍。夏五月癸卯，詔曰：「六月十三日是朕生日，其日令海內為武元皇帝、元明皇后斷屠。」六月甲午，詔曰：《禮》云：親以期斷。蓋以四時之變易，萬物之更始，故聖人象之。其有三年，加隆爾也。但家無二尊，母為厭降，是以父在喪母，還服於期者，服之正也。豈容期內而更小祥！然三年之喪而有小祥者，《禮》云：「期祭，禮也；期而除喪，道也。」以是之故，雖未再期，而天地一變，不可不祭，不可不除。故有練焉，以存喪祭之本。然期喪有練，於理未安。雖云十一月而練，乃無所法象，非期非時，豈可除祭？而儒者徒擬三年之喪，立練禫之節，可謂茍存其變，而失其本；欲漸於奪，乃薄於喪。致使子則冠練去绖，黃裏縓緣；绖則布葛在躬，粗服未改。豈非绖哀尚存，子情已奪；親疏失倫，輕重顛倒。乃不順人情，豈聖人之意也？故非先聖之禮，廢於人邪！三年之喪，尚有不行之者；至於祥練之節，安能不墜者乎！

In the third year, second month, on wuzi day Grand General Duke Yao Bian of Caiyang became General of the Left Martial Guard. On guimao of the fifth summer month an edict said, "The thirteenth day of the sixth month is my birthday; on that day let the realm abstain from slaughter for Emperor Wuyuan and Empress Yuanming. On jiawu of the sixth month an edict said: The Rites say: mourning ends at the end of the year. This is because the four seasons change and the ten thousand things begin anew; therefore the sages took them as models. For three years additional honor is added. But a household has no two supreme authorities; a mother receives reduced mourning because the father is alive; therefore when the father is alive and one mourns the mother, one returns to one-year mourning—this is the correct garment. How can one perform lesser mourning within the one-year period! Yet for three-year mourning there is lesser mourning; the Rites say: "End-of-year sacrifice is ritual; ending mourning at the year mark is the Way. For this reason, though the second year has not yet come, when Heaven and earth change once, sacrifice cannot be omitted and mourning cannot be omitted. Therefore there is the practice of refined mourning, to preserve the root of mourning sacrifice. Yet one-year mourning with refined mourning is not secure in reason. Though it says refined mourning in the eleventh month, there is no corresponding model; it is neither the year mark nor the proper season—how can sacrifice and mourning be removed? Confucians merely modeled three-year mourning and established the stages of refined and burial mourning—this may be said to preserve the change but lose the root; wishing to advance toward reduction, they in fact make mourning thin. Thus the son then wears refined cap and removes the hemp band, with yellow lining and hem; the band then has hemp and ramie on the body, coarse garment unchanged. Is this not the hemp sorrow still present while the son's feeling is already taken away; near and distant lose order, light and heavy are reversed. This does not follow human feeling—can it be the intent of the sages? Therefore rites that are not those of former sages are abandoned among the people! For three-year mourning, there are those who do not practice it; as for the stages of auspicious and refined mourning, how can they not fall away!

《禮》云：父母之喪，無貴賤一也。而大夫士之喪父母，乃貴賤異服。然則禮壞樂崩，由來漸矣。所以晏平仲之斬粗缞，其老謂之非禮，滕文公之服三2年，其臣咸所不欲。蓋由王道既衰，諸侯異政，將逾越於法度，惡禮制之害己。乃滅去篇籍，自制其宜。遂至骨肉之恩，輕重從俗，無易之道，降殺任情。夫禮不從天降，不從地出，乃人心而已者，謂情緣於恩也。故恩厚者其禮隆，情輕者其禮殺。聖人以是稱情立文，別親疏貴賤之節。自臣子道消，上下失序，莫大之恩，逐情而薄；莫重之化，與時而殺。此乃服不稱喪，容不稱服，非所謂聖人緣恩表情制禮之義也。然喪與其易也，寧在於戚，則禮之本也。禮有其餘，未若於哀，則情之實也。今十一月而練者，非禮之本，非情之實。由是言之，父在喪母，不宜有練。但依《禮》十三月而祥，中月而禫，庶以合聖人之意，達人子之心。

The Rites say: In mourning for parents, there is no distinction of noble and base. Yet great officers and gentlemen in mourning for parents wear garments differing by noble and base. Thus ritual is broken and music collapsed—this has come about gradually. Therefore when Yan Pingzhong wore coarse hemp, the elders called it unritual; when Duke Wen of Teng observed three-year mourning, his ministers all disapproved. This is because the royal Way had already declined and the feudal lords had differing policies; wishing to transgress law and measure, they hated ritual systems that harmed themselves. They then destroyed written records and made their own convenience. Thus even the affection between bone and flesh followed custom in light and heavy; there was no constant Way, and reduction followed feeling. Ritual does not descend from Heaven, nor does it emerge from Earth—it is only the human heart; this is called feeling arising from grace. Therefore where grace is thick, ritual is lofty; where feeling is light, ritual is reduced. The sages thereby weighed feeling and established text, distinguishing degrees of near and distant, noble and base. Since the Way of subject and lord declined and upper and lower lost order, the greatest grace followed feeling and became thin; the heaviest transformation followed the times and was reduced. This is garment not matching mourning and appearance not matching garment—not the meaning of the sages who follow grace, express feeling, and establish ritual through system. Yet mourning prefers ease, but it is better to be sorrowful—this is the root of ritual. Ritual has its surplus, but not as much as sorrow—this is the reality of feeling. Now refined mourning in the eleventh month is not the root of ritual, not the reality of feeling. From this speaking, when the father is alive and one mourns the mother, refined mourning is not appropriate. But according to the Rites, auspicious mourning in the thirteenth month and burial mourning in the middle month—this may accord with the intent of the sages and fulfill the heart of the son.

秋七月丁卯，詔州縣搜揚賢哲，皆取明知古今，通識安危，究政教之本，達禮樂之源。不限多少，不得不舉。徵召將送，必須以禮。八月壬申，上柱國、檢校幽州總管、落叢公燕榮以罪伏誅。九月壬戌，置常平官。甲子，以營州總管韋沖為戶部尚書。十二月癸酉，河南諸州水，遣納言楊達振恤之。

On dingmao of the seventh autumn month an edict ordered districts and counties to search out and promote worthy and wise men, all to be clearly knowledgeable in antiquity and the present, thoroughly understanding safety and danger, investigating the roots of government and teaching, and penetrating the sources of ritual and music. No matter how many, none may fail to be recommended. When summoned and sent, ritual must be observed. On renshen of the eighth month Pillar of State, Inspecting Area Commander of You Province, Duke Rong of Luocong, Yan Rong, was executed for his crimes. On renxu of the ninth month Ever-Normal officials were established. On jiazi day Area Commander of Ying Province Wei Chong became Director of the Ministry of Revenue. On youyu of the twelfth month Henan provinces suffered flooding; Censor-in-Chief Yang Da was sent to give relief.

四年春正月丙辰，大赦。甲子，幸仁壽宮。夏四月乙卯，上不豫。六月庚午，大赦。有星入月中，數日而退，長人見於雁門。秋七月乙未，日青無光，八日乃復。

In the fourth year, first month, on bingchen day a great amnesty was proclaimed. On jiazi day he traveled to Renshou Palace. On yimao of the fourth summer month the Emperor was unwell. On gengwu of the sixth month a great amnesty was proclaimed. A star entered the moon, withdrew after several days, and a giant was seen at Yanmen. On yiwei of the seventh autumn month the sun was green and without light; after eight days it returned.

甲辰，帝疾甚，臥於仁壽宮，與百僚辭訣，上握手歔欷。丁未，崩於大寶殿，時年六十四。詔曰：嗟乎！自昔晉室播遷，天下喪亂，四海不一。以至周、齊，戰爭相尋，年將三百。故割疆土者非一所，稱帝王者非一人。書軌不同，生靈塗炭。上天降監，受命於朕，用登大位，豈關人力？故得撥亂反正，偃武修文；天下大同，聲教遠被，此又是天意欲寧區夏。所以昧旦臨朝，不敢逸豫；；一日萬機，留心親覽；晦明寒暑，不憚劬勞；匪曰朕躬，蓋為百姓故也。王公卿士，每日闕庭，刺史以下，歲時朝集。

On jiachen day the Emperor's illness was severe; he lay at Renshou Palace and took leave of the hundred officials; the Emperor held hands and sighed. On dingwei day he died at Dabao Hall at the age of sixty-four. An edict said: Alas! From of old the Jin house was driven abroad; the realm fell into disorder and was not unified. Down to Zhou and Qi, war followed war for nearly three hundred years. Thus those who carved out territory were not in one place, and those who called themselves emperors were not one man. Writing and cart-tracks differed; living things were smeared with charcoal. Heaven sent down oversight and I received the mandate; by this I ascended the great throne—how could it depend on human power? Thus I was able to set right what was disordered, sheathe weapons and cultivate culture; the realm was greatly unified and sound and teaching spread far—this again was Heaven's intent to bring peace to the realm. Therefore from dawn I attended court and dared not take ease; ten thousand affairs daily, I attended to them personally; from dark to light, from cold to heat, I did not fear toil; this was not for my own person, but for the black-headed people. Kings, dukes, and ministers daily attended court; governors and below came to court each year.

何嘗不罄竭心府，誡敕殷勤。義乃君臣，情兼父子，庶藉百寮之智，萬國歡心。欲令率土之人，永得安樂。不謂遘疾彌留，至於大漸。此乃人生常分，何足言及。但四海百姓，衣食不豐；教化政刑，猶未盡洽。興言念此，唯以留恨。朕今逾六十，不復稱夭；但筋力精神，一時勞竭。如此之事，本非為身，止欲安養百姓，所以致此。人生子孫，誰不念愛？既為天下，事須割情。勇及秀等，並懷悖惡；既無臣子之心，所以黜廢。古人有云：「知臣莫若君，知子莫若父。」令勇、秀得志，共理家國，亦當戮辱遍於公卿，酷毒流於人庶。今惡子孫已為百姓黜屏，好子孫足堪負荷大業。此雖朕家事，理不容隱，前對文武侍衛，具已論述。皇太子廣，地居上嗣，仁孝著聞。以其行業，堪成朕志。但念內外群官，同心戮力，以此共安天下。朕雖瞑目，何所復恨？國家大事，不可限以常禮；既葬公除，行之自昔，今宜遵用，不勞改定。凶禮所須，才令周事，務從節儉，不得勞人。諸州總管、刺史以下，宜率其職，不須奔赴。自古哲王，因人作法，前帝後帝，沿革隨時。律令格式有不便於事者，宜依前修改，務當政要。嗚呼！敬之哉，無墜朕命。

When did I not exhaust heart and mind and admonish with earnest care? Righteousness joined lord and minister; feeling joined father and son; I wished to borrow the wisdom of the hundred offices and the heart of the myriad states. I wished to make all within the realm forever secure and happy. I did not expect to encounter lingering illness leading to the great decline. This is the constant portion of human life—what is there to speak of? Yet the black-headed people of the four seas—clothing and food are not abundant; transformation, government, punishment, and law are still not fully harmonized. Speaking of this moves me to regret alone. I now exceed sixty and can no longer be called early death; but sinew, strength, and spirit were exhausted at one stroke. Matters like this were originally not for myself; I only wished to nurture and settle the black-headed people, and so reached this. Who among men does not cherish his sons and grandsons? Since it is for the realm, affairs require cutting off feeling. Yong, Xiu, and others all harbored perverse wickedness; having no heart of subject and son, they were therefore deposed. The ancients said, "No one knows a minister like his lord; no one knows a son like his father. If Yong and Xiu had gotten their wish and jointly governed the house and state, disgrace would likewise have spread among the dukes and humiliation and cruelty would have flowed among the people. Now the wicked sons and grandsons have been deposed and removed for the people; the good sons and grandsons are fully able to bear the great enterprise. Though this is my household affair, reason does not permit concealment; before the civil and military attendants I have fully stated it. Crown Prince Guang occupies the position of eldest heir; his benevolence and filial piety are renowned. By his conduct and achievement he can fulfill my intent. Only consider that inner and outer officials with one heart and combined strength may thereby together settle the realm. Though I close my eyes, what further regret remains? State great affairs cannot be limited by ordinary ritual; after burial public mourning is ended—this has been practiced from of old; now it should be followed and need not be changed. What mourning rites require should suffice for completion; effort should follow frugality and must not weary the people. Area commanders, governors, and below should each perform their duties and need not come to mourn. From of old wise emperors made law through the people; former emperors and later emperors revised according to the times. Where laws, ordinances, forms, and patterns are inconvenient to affairs, they should be revised as before according to what is essential to government. Alas! Revere it! Do not fall from my command.

乙卯，發喪。河間楊柳四株，無故黃落，既而花葉復生。八月丁卯，梓宮至自仁壽宮。丙子，殯於大興前殿。十月乙卯，葬於太陵，同墳而異穴。士庶赴葬者，皆聽入視陵內。帝性嚴重有威容，外質木而內明敏，有大略。初得政之始，群情不附。諸子幼弱，內有六王之謀，外致三方之亂，握強兵、居重鎮者，皆周之舊臣。

On yimao day mourning was begun. Four willow trees at Hejian turned yellow and fell without cause, then flowers and leaves grew again. On dingmao of the eighth month the coffin arrived from Renshou Palace. On bingzi day the coffin was placed in the front hall of Daxing. On yimao of the tenth month he was buried at Tailing, same mound but separate chambers. Commoners and officials who came to the funeral were all allowed to enter and view the tomb interior. The Emperor's nature was stern and grave, with a dignified bearing; outwardly plain and wooden yet inwardly bright and keen, he had great strategic vision. At the beginning of receiving government, popular sentiment was not attached. His sons were young and weak; within there was the plot of the six kings, without there was disorder from three directions; those who held strong armies and occupied weighty garrisons were all old ministers of Zhou.

上推以赤心，各盡其用。不逾期月，克定三邊；未及十年，平一四海。薄賦斂，輕刑罰；內修制度，外撫戎夷。每旦聽朝，日仄忘倦。居處服玩，務存節儉，令行禁止，上下化之。開皇、仁壽之間，丈夫不衣綾綺而無金玉之飾。常服率多布帛，裝帶不過以銅鐵骨角而已。雖嗇於財，至於賞賜有功，亦無所愛惜。每乘輿四出，路逢上表者，駐馬親自臨問。或潛遣行人，采聽風俗；吏政得失，人間疾苦，無不留意。嘗遇關中饑，遣左右視百姓所食。有得豆屑雜糠而奏之者，上流涕以示群臣；深自咎責，為之損膳而不禦酒肉者，殆將一期。及東拜太山，關中戶口就食洛陽者，道路相屬。帝敕斥候，不得輒有驅逼，男女參廁於仗衛之間。遇逢扶老攜幼者，輒引馬避之，慰勉而去。至艱險之處，見負擔者，遽令左右扶助之。其有將士戰歿，必加優賞，仍令使者，就家勞問。自強不息，朝夕孜孜。人庶殷繁，帑藏充實。雖未能臻於至道，亦足稱近代之良主。然雅性沈猜，素無學術，好為小數。言神燭聖杖，堪能療病。又信王劭解石文以為己瑞焉。不達大體如是。故忠臣義士，莫得盡心竭辭。其草創元勛，及有功諸將，誅夷獲罪，罕有存者。又不悅詩書，楊素由之希旨，遂奏除學校。唯婦言是用，廢黜諸子。逮於暮年，持法尤峻，喜怒失常，果於殺戮。嘗令左右送西域朝貢使出關，其人所經之處，受牧宰小物，饋鸚鵡、麖皮、馬鞭之屬，聞而大怒。又詣武庫，見署中蕪穢不理，於是執武庫令及諸受遺者，出開遠門外，親自臨決，死者數十人。又往往潛令賂遺令史，府史受者必死，無所寬貸，議者以此少之。

The Emperor treated them with an open heart and each was fully employed. Within no more than a month he settled the three frontiers; before ten years had passed he pacified the four seas. Taxes and levies were light and punishments mild; internally he refined institutions and externally he soothed the barbarians. Each dawn he heard court until the sun slanted, forgetting weariness. In dwelling, dress, and playthings he strove to preserve frugality; orders issued were forbidden and upper and lower were transformed. Between Kaihuang and Renshou, men did not wear silk gauze and had no gold or jade ornaments. Ordinary dress was mostly cloth and silk; belts and fittings were only copper, iron, bone, and horn. Though sparing with wealth, when rewarding merit he also showed no stinginess. Whenever the carriage went out on the four roads, if he encountered someone submitting a memorial, he halted the horses and personally went to inquire. Sometimes he secretly sent travelers to listen to local customs; the gains and losses of officials' government and the people's hardships—none escaped his notice. Once when Guanzhong suffered famine, he sent attendants to observe what the people ate. When one reported bean husks mixed with chaff, the Emperor wept and showed the ministers; deeply blaming himself, he reduced his meals and for nearly a full year did not take wine or meat. When he traveled east to worship at Mount Tai, households from Guanzhong going to Luoyang for food lined the road. The Emperor ordered scouts not to drive them by force; men and women shared latrines among the guards. When he encountered those supporting the old and leading the young, he drew aside his horse to avoid them and comforted them as he passed. At dangerous places, when he saw burden-bearers, he immediately ordered attendants to assist them. When officers and soldiers died in battle, he always added generous rewards and still sent envoys to their homes to express sympathy. Unceasingly striving, from morning to evening he was diligent. The people were numerous and prosperous; the treasury was full. Though he could not reach the utmost Way, he was enough to be called a good ruler of recent times. Yet by nature he was deep and suspicious, utterly without learning, and fond of petty techniques. He said divine candles and sacred staffs could cure illness. He also believed Wang Shao's interpretation of inscribed stone as his own omen. He did not comprehend the great pattern in this way. Thus loyal ministers and righteous men could not fully devote heart and words. The founding meritorious officials and generals with achievement were executed and punished; few survived. He also disliked poetry and books; Yang Su accordingly pleased his intent and so memorialized the abolition of schools. He listened only to women's words and deposed his sons. Reaching his later years, he held the law especially stern; joy and anger lost proper measure and he was quick to kill. Once he ordered attendants to escort Western Region tribute envoys out of the pass; wherever they passed they received small gifts from governors and magistrates—parrots, deer skin, horsewhips, and the like; hearing of it he was greatly angered. He also went to the armory and saw the offices filthy and neglected; he then seized the armory director and all who received gifts, went outside Kaiyuan Gate, and personally supervised execution; several tens died. He also often secretly ordered bribes to clerks; those who received them from prefectural and office clerks were certainly executed without pardon; critics therefore thought less of him for this.

論曰：隋文帝樹基立本，積德累仁。徒以外戚之尊，受托孤之任，與能之議，未為所許。是以周室舊臣，咸懷憤惋。既而王謙固三蜀之阻，不逾期月；尉遲迥舉全齊之眾，一戰而亡。斯乃非止人謀，抑亦天之所贊。乘茲機運，遂遷周鼎。於時蠻夷猾夏，荊、揚未一，劬勞日仄，經營四方。樓船南邁，則金陵失險；驃騎北指，則單于款塞。《職方》所載，並入疆理；《禹貢》所圖，咸受正朔。雖晉武之克平吳會，漢宣之推亡固存，比義論功，不能尚也。七德既敷，九歌已洽，尉候無警，遐邇肅清。於是躬節儉，平徭賦，倉廩實，法令行。君子咸樂其生，小人各安其業，強不陵弱，眾不暴寡；人物殷阜，朝野歡娛。自開皇二十年間，天下無事；區宇之內，晏如也。考之前王，足以參蹤盛烈。而素無術業，不能盡下。無寬仁之度，有刻薄之資。暨乎暮年，此風愈扇。又雅好瑞符，暗於大道。建彼維城，權侔京室，皆同帝制，靡所適從。聽姑歸之言，惑邪臣之說，溺寵廢嫡，托付失所。滅父子之道，開昆弟之隙；縱其尋斧，翦伐本根。墳土未幹，子孫繼踵為戮；松槚才列，天下已非隋有。惜哉！跡其衰怠之源，稽其亂亡之兆，起自文皇，成於煬帝；所由來遠矣，非一朝一夕，其不祀忽諸，未為不幸也。

Commentary says: Emperor Wen of Sui planted foundation and established root, accumulating virtue and accumulating benevolence. He was only by the honor of maternal kin, entrusted with the charge of a minor heir; the deliberation on worthiness did not approve him. Thus old ministers of the Zhou house all harbored indignation. Then Wang Qian held the obstacle of the three Shu; within no more than a month; Yuchi Jiong raised the full host of Qi; one battle and he perished. This was not only human planning; it was also what Heaven supported. Seizing this opportunity of the times, he then moved the Zhou cauldron. At that time barbarians were unruly and Xia unsettled; Jing and Yang were not yet unified; he toiled from dawn to dusk and managed the four directions. Tower ships marched south and Jinling lost its peril; Agile cavalry pointed north and the Chanyu submitted at the frontier. What the Director of Regions records all entered the boundaries of administration; What the Tribute of Yu maps all received the correct calendar. Though Emperor Wu of Jin conquered Wu and Hui, and Emperor Xuan of Han pushed ruin and strengthened what remained—in comparing righteousness and discussing merit, they cannot be placed above. Once the seven virtues were spread and the nine songs harmonized, frontier guards were without alarm and far and near were solemnly pacified. Then he personally practiced frugality, equalized corvée and taxes, filled granaries, and put laws into effect. Gentlemen all rejoiced in life; commoners each settled in their work; the strong did not bully the weak and the many did not oppress the few; persons and things were abundant; court and countryside were joyful. From the twentieth year of Kaihuang, the realm was without affairs; within the four quarters all was tranquil. Examining former kings, he was enough to compare in tracing grand achievement. Yet he was utterly without arts and learning and could not fully defer to those below. He had no measure of generous benevolence but the material of harshness. Reaching his later years, this tendency grew ever stronger. He also by nature loved auspicious omens and was dark to the great Way. He built those walled cities; their authority matched the capital; all followed imperial system with none to follow. Listening to the words of the Empress Dowager, deluded by the speech of wicked ministers, he drowned favor and deposed the heir; entrustment and appointment lost their place. He extinguished the Way between father and son and opened the gap between elder and younger brothers; allowing them to seek the axe, he cut down the root. Before the grave mound was dry, sons and grandsons followed one another in execution; pine and cypress had only just been set in rows and the realm was already no longer Sui's. Alas! Tracing the source of his decline and slackness and examining the omens of disorder and ruin, it began with Emperor Wen and was completed under Emperor Yang; the origin was remote—not overnight; that his sacrifices suddenly ceased was not unlucky.

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