1
屈遵張蒲谷渾公孫表張濟李先賈彝竇瑾李訢韓延之袁式毛脩之唐和寇讚酈範韓秀堯暄柳崇
Qu Zun, Zhang Pu, Gu Hun, Gong Sunbiao, Zhang Ji, Li Xian, Jia Yi, Dou Jin, Li Xin, Han Yanzhi, Yuan Shi, Mao Xiuzhi, Tang He, Kou Zan, Li Fan, Han Xiu, Yao Xuan, and Liu Cheng
2
列傳第十五
Biographies 15
3
屈遵張蒲谷渾曾孫楷公孫表張濟李先賈彝竇瑾李䐶
Qu Zun, Zhang Pu, Gu Hun, great-grandson Kai, Gong Sunbiao, Zhang Ji, Li Xian, Jia Yi, Dou Jin, and Li Xin
4
韓延之袁式毛修之嚴棱硃修之唐和寇贊孫俊酈范子道元韓秀堯暄孫雄柳崇
Han Yanzhi, Yuan Shi, Mao Xiuzhi, Yan Ling, Zhu Xiuzhi, Tang He, Kou Zan, Sun Jun, Li Fan, son Daoyuan, Han Xiu, Yao Xuan, Sun Xiong, and Liu Cheng
5
屈遵，字子度，昌黎徒何人也。 博學多才藝。 慕容垂以為博陸令。 道武南伐，博陵太守申永南奔河外，高陽太守崔宏東走海濱。 屬城長吏，率多逃竄，遵獨歸道武。 道武素聞其名，拜中書令。 中原既平，賜爵下蔡子。 卒。
Qu Zun, styled Zidu, was a native of Tuhé in Changli. He was broadly learned and skilled in many arts. Murong Chui appointed him Bolu Commandant. When Emperor Daowu marched south, Boling Administrator Shen Yong fled south across the Yellow River, and Gaoyang Administrator Cui Hong fled east toward the sea. Subordinate magistrates for the most part fled or hid; Zun alone came over to Daowu. Daowu had long heard his name and appointed him Director of the Secretariat. After the Central Plains were pacified, he was enfeoffed as Baron of Xiaxia. He died.
6
子須襲爵。 除長樂太守，進爵信都侯。 卒，贈昌黎公，諡曰恭。
His son Xu inherited the title. He was made Administrator of Changle and advanced to Marquis of Xindu. He died and was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Changli with the posthumous name Gong.
7
須長子恆，字長生，沈粹有局量。 歷位尚書右僕射，加侍中。 以破平涼功，賜爵濟北公。 太武委以大政，車駕出征，常居中留鎮。 與襄城公盧魯元俱賜甲第。 真君四年，墜馬卒。 時帝幸陰山，景穆遣使乘傳奏狀。 帝甚悼惜之，謂使人曰：「汝等殺朕良臣，何用乘馬？」 遂令步歸。 贈征西大將軍，諡曰成公。
Xu's eldest son Heng, styled Changsheng, was deep and pure in character and possessed composure and breadth of mind. He rose to Vice Director of the Secretariat, with the additional title of Palace Attendant. For merit in pacifying Liang Province he was enfeoffed as Duke of Jibei. Emperor Taiwu entrusted him with great affairs of state; whenever the imperial carriage went on campaign, he usually remained at the center to hold the capital. Together with the Duke of Xiangcheng, Lu Luyuan, he was granted a fine mansion. In the fourth year of Zhenjun he fell from his horse and died. At the time the emperor was at Yinshan; Emperor Jingmu sent a messenger by relay to report the matter. The emperor grieved deeply and said to the messenger, "You have killed my worthy minister—what need is there to ride a horse? He then ordered him to return on foot. Heng was posthumously made General Who Pacifies the West, with the posthumous name Duke Cheng.
8
子道賜襲爵。 道賜善騎射，機辯有辭氣，太武甚器之。 位尚書右僕射，加侍中。 卒，諡曰哀公。
His son Daoci inherited the title. Daoci was skilled at riding and archery, quick-witted and eloquent; Taiwu greatly valued him. He reached the post of Vice Director of the Secretariat, with the additional title of Palace Attendant. He died; his posthumous name was Duke Ai.
9
子拔襲爵。 帝追思其父祖，年十四，以為南部大人。 時太武南伐，禽守將胡盛之以付拔。 酒醉不覺，盛之逃。 太武令斬之。 將伏鑕，帝愴然曰：「若鬼有知，長生問其子孫，朕將何以應？」 乃赦拔。 後獻文以其功臣子，拜營州刺史。
His son Ba inherited the title. The emperor, recalling his father and grandfather, at age fourteen made him Grand Warden of the Southern Tribes. When Taiwu campaigned south he captured the defending general Hu Shengzhi and handed him over to Ba. Drunk, Ba did not notice; Shengzhi escaped. Taiwu ordered him executed. As he was about to face the axe, the emperor said sorrowfully, "If ghosts have awareness, when Changsheng asks his descendants what answer shall I give? He then pardoned Ba. Later Emperor Xianwen, as the son of a meritorious minister, appointed him Governor of Yingzhou.
10
張蒲，字玄則，河內修武人也。 本名謨。 父攀，仕慕容垂，位兵部尚書，以清方稱。 蒲少有父風，仕慕容寶為尚書左丞。 道武定中山，寶官司敘用，多降品秩。 帝既素聞蒲名，仍拜尚書左丞。 明元即位，為內都大官，賜爵泰昌子。 參決庶獄，私謁不行。 後改為壽張子。 太武即位，以蒲清貧，妻子衣食不給，乃以為相州刺史。 扶弱抑強，進善黜惡，風化大行。 卒於官，吏人痛惜之。 蒲在謀臣之列，屢出為將，朝廷論之，常以為稱首。 贈平東將軍、廣平公，諡曰文恭。 子昭襲。 以軍功進爵修武侯，位幽州刺史，以善政見稱。
Zhang Pu, styled Xuanze, was a native of Xiuwu in Henei. His original name was Mo. His father Pan served Murong Chui as Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs and was known for integrity and rectitude. Pu in youth had his father's bearing and served Murong Bao as Left Assistant Director of the Secretariat. When Daowu pacified Zhongshan, Bao's officials were reassigned for service, and many were demoted in rank. The emperor had long heard Pu's name and still appointed him Left Assistant Director of the Secretariat. When Emperor Mingyuan acceded, he became Grand Director of the Inner Court and was enfeoffed as Baron of Taichang. He took part in deciding ordinary legal cases, and private petitions were not entertained. Later his title was changed to Baron of Shouzhang. When Taiwu acceded, because Pu was poor and his wife and children lacked adequate food and clothing, he was made Governor of Xiangzhou. He supported the weak and restrained the strong, promoted the good and dismissed the evil, and moral transformation flourished widely. He died in office; officials and commoners grieved for him. Pu stood among the strategists and was repeatedly sent out as a general; whenever the court discussed him, he was always spoken of as foremost. He was posthumously made General Who Pacifies the East and Duke of Guangping, with the posthumous name Wengong. His son Zhao inherited. For military merit he was advanced to Marquis of Xiuyang and made Governor of Youzhou, famed for good governance.
11
穀渾，字元沖，昌黎人也。 父袞，彎弓三百斤，勇冠一時。 仕慕容垂，位廣武將軍。 渾少有父風，任俠好氣，晚乃折節受經業，被服類儒者。 道武時，以善隸書為內侍左右。 太武時，累遷侍中、儀曹尚書，賜爵濮陽公。 渾正直有操行，性不苟合。 然愛重舊故，不以富貴驕人，時人以此稱之。 在官廉直，為太武所器重。 以渾子孫年十五以上，悉補中書學生。 卒，諡曰文宣。
Gu Hun, styled Yuanchong, was a native of Changli. His father Gun could draw a three-hundred-jin bow and was the bravest man of his age. He served Murong Chui as General of Guangwu. Hun in youth had his father's spirit, was chivalrous and spirited; only later did he restrain himself and take up classical studies, dressing like a Confucian scholar. In Daowu's time, because he excelled at clerical script he served in the inner attendants at the emperor's side. Under Taiwu he was repeatedly promoted to Palace Attendant and Director of the Bureau of Rites, and enfeoffed as Duke of Puyang. Hun was upright and possessed moral conduct; by nature he did not curry favor casually. Yet he cherished old friends and did not look down on others because of wealth or rank; people of the time praised him for this. In office he was incorrupt and direct, and Taiwu valued him. Because Hun's sons and grandsons were fifteen or older, all were enrolled as students of the Secretariat Academy. He died; his posthumous name was Wengong.
12
子闡，字崇基，襲爵。 位外都大官。 卒，諡曰簡公。 子洪，字元孫，位尚書，賜爵滎陽公。 性貪奢，僕妾衣服錦綺。 時獻文舅李峻等初至，官給衣服，洪輒截沒。 為有司所糾，並窮其前後贓罪，伏法。 子穎，位太府少卿。 卒，贈營州刺史，諡曰貞。 子士恢，字紹達，位鴻臚少卿，封元城縣侯。 太后嬖幸鄭儼，懼紹達間構於帝，因言次，以紹達為州。 紹達耽寵，不願出。 太后誣其罪，殺之。
His son Chan, styled Chongji, inherited the title. He reached the post of Grand Director of the Outer Court. He died; his posthumous name was Duke Jian. His son Hong, styled Yuansun, reached the post of Director of the Secretariat and was enfeoffed as Duke of Xingyang. By nature greedy and extravagant, his servants and concubines wore brocade and fine silk. At the time Xianwen's maternal uncle Li Jun and others had just arrived; the government supplied clothing, and Hong intercepted and kept it. Impeached by the relevant office, his past and present corrupt acts were fully investigated, and he was executed. His son Ying held the post of Vice Director of the Imperial Treasury. He died and was posthumously made Governor of Yingzhou with the posthumous name Zhen. His son Shihui, styled Shaoda, was Vice Director of the Court of Diplomatic Reception and enfeoffed as Marquis of Yuancheng. The empress dowager favored Zheng Yan and feared Shaoda would sow discord with the emperor; on a casual occasion she had Shaoda sent out to a province. Shaoda was infatuated with favor and unwilling to leave. The empress dowager fabricated charges against him and had him killed.
13
渾曾孫楷。 楷有幹局，稍遷奉車都尉。 眇一目，性甚嚴忍，前後奉使皆以酷暴為名，時人號曰「瞎武」。 累遷城門校尉，卒。
Hun's great-great-grandson Kai. Kai had ability and foresight and was gradually promoted to Commandant of the Imperial Carriages. Blind in one eye and by nature very stern and cruel, on missions before and after he was known for violence; people of the time called him "Blind Wu." He was repeatedly promoted to Commandant of the City Gates and died.
14
公孫表，字玄元，燕郡廣陽人也。 為慕容沖尚書郎。 慕容垂破長子，從入中山。 慕容寶走，乃歸，為博士。 初，道武以慕容垂諸子分據勢要，權柄推移，遂至亡滅，表詣闕上《韓非書》二十卷。 道武稱善。 明元初，賜爵固安子。 河西饑胡劉武反於上黨，詔表討之。 為胡所敗，帝深銜之。 泰常七年，宋武帝殂。 時議取河南侵地，以奚斤為都督，以表為吳兵將軍、廣州刺史。 表既克滑台，遂圍武牢。 車駕次汲郡。 始昌子蘇坦、太史令王亮奏表置軍武牢東，不得形便之地，故令賊不時滅。 明元雅好術數，又積前忿，及攻武牢，士卒多傷，乃使人夜就帳中縊殺之。 以賊未退，秘而不宣。
Gong Sunbiao, styled Xuanyuan, was a native of Guangyang in Yan Commandery. He served Murong Chong as Gentleman of the Masters of Writing. When Murong Chui took Changzi, Biao followed him into Zhongshan. When Murong Bao fled, he submitted and was made a Erudite. Earlier, Daowu had seen how Murong Chui's sons each held strategic posts and power shifted until ruin came; Biao went to court and presented twenty scrolls of Han Feizi. Daowu praised it. At the beginning of Mingyuan he was enfeoffed as Baron of Gu'an. The starving Hu of Hexi, Liu Wu, rebelled at Shangdang; an edict ordered Biao to suppress him. He was defeated by the Hu; the emperor bore a deep grudge. In the seventh year of Taichang, Emperor Wu of Song died. At the time the court debated taking the invaded lands south of the Yellow River; Xi Jin was made supreme commander, and Biao was made General of Wu Troops and Governor of Guangzhou. After Biao took Huatai, he then besieged Wulao. The imperial carriage halted at Ji Commandery. Shichangzi Su Tan and Grand Astrologer Wang Liang memorialized that Biao had placed his army east of Wulao, not on advantageous ground, and so the bandits were not destroyed in time. Mingyuan was fond of numerology and divination and still harbored old resentment; when the assault on Wulao cost many wounded soldiers, he sent men at night into the tent to strangle Biao. Because the enemy had not yet withdrawn, it was kept secret.
15
初，表與勃海封愷友善，後為子求愷從女，愷不許，表甚銜之。 及封氏為司馬國璠所逮，帝以舊族，欲原之。 表證其罪，乃誅封氏。 表外和內忌，時人以此薄之。 表本與王亮同營署，及其出也，輕侮亮，故及於死。
Earlier Biao had been on friendly terms with Feng Kai of Bohai; later he sought Kai's niece by marriage for his son, and Kai refused—Biao resented it deeply. When the Feng clan was seized by Sima Guofan, the emperor wished to pardon them as an old family. Biao proved their guilt, and the Feng clan was executed. Outwardly cordial yet inwardly envious—contemporaries looked down on him for it. Biao had once shared an office with Wang Liang; when he took the field on campaign he slighted Liang, and that was how he met his end.
16
第二子軌，字元慶。 明元時，為中書郎。 出從征討，補諸軍司馬。 太武平赫連昌，引諸將帥入其府藏，各令任意取金玉。 諸將取之盈懷，軌獨不取。 帝把手親探金賜之，謂曰：「卿臨財廉，朕所以增賜者，欲顯廉於眾人。」 後兼大鴻臚，持節拜立氐楊玄為南秦王。 及境，玄不郊迎； 軌數玄無蕃臣禮。 玄懼，詣郊受命。 使還稱旨，拜尚書，賜爵燕郡公，出為武牢鎮將。 初，太武將北征，發驢以運糧，使軌部調雍州。 軌令驢主皆加絹一匹，乃與受之。 百姓語曰：「驢無強弱，輔脊自壯。」 眾共嗤之。 坐征還。 卒。
His second son Gui, styled Yuanqing. In Mingyuan's time he was a Secretariat Gentleman. On campaign he served as staff officer to the various armies. When Taiwu conquered Helian Chang, he brought the generals into the state treasury and allowed each to help himself to gold and jade as he pleased. The generals stuffed their robes full; Gui alone took nothing. The emperor took gold in his hand and gave it to him in person, saying, "You are incorruptible in the face of wealth—that is why I add to your gift: I wish to show the multitude what integrity looks like. He later also held the post of Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and, bearing credentials, invested the Di chieftain Yang Xuan as King of Southern Qin. When he reached the border, Xuan did not come out to the suburbs to greet him; Gui again and again rebuked Xuan for failing to observe the rites owed a vassal. Fearing Gui, Xuan went to the suburbs to accept the investiture. When he returned, his mission was judged satisfactory; he was appointed Director of the Secretariat, enfeoffed as Duke of Yan Commandery, and sent out as garrison commander of Wulao. Earlier, when Taiwu was preparing a northern campaign, donkeys were conscripted to haul grain, and Gui was ordered to organize the levy in Yong Province. Gui ordered that each owner of a donkey be given an extra bolt of silk before the animal was taken. The people said, "Donkeys are neither weak nor strong—the pack-saddle is what makes them look stout. Everyone mocked him. He was recalled for investigation. He died.
17
軌既死，帝謂崔浩曰：「吾過上黨，父老皆曰：公孫軌為將，受貨縱賊，使至今餘奸不除，軌之罪也。 其初來，單馬執鞭； 及去，從車百兩。 載物而南，丁零渠帥，乘山罵軌。 軌怒，取罵軌者之母，以矛刺其陰而死之，曰：'何以生此逆子！ '從下倒劈，分磔四支於山樹上。 是忍行不忍之事。 軌幸而早死，至今在者，吾必族誅之。」
After Gui died the emperor said to Cui Hao, "When I passed through Shangdang the elders all said, 'Gongsun Gui as a general took bribes and let bandits go free, so that evildoers remain to this day—that is Gui's crime. When he first arrived, he came alone with a single horse and whip in hand; when he left, a train of a hundred carts followed. Bearing a load of goods, he went south; a Dingling chieftain on the mountainside cursed Gui. When Gui flew into a rage he seized the curser's mother and stabbed her private parts to death, crying, "Why give birth to such a rebellious son!" He split her body open from below and hung her four limbs on mountain trees. Such cruelty toward what mercy forbids. Gui was lucky to have died young; had he still been alive, I would have wiped out his entire clan."
18
軌終得娶封氏，生子睿，字叔文。 位儀曹長，賜爵陽平公。 時獻文于苑內立殿，敕中秘群官制名。 睿奏曰：「臣聞至尊至貴，莫崇於帝王； 天人挹損，莫大于謙光。 臣愚以為宜曰崇光。」 奏可。 卒于南部尚書，諡曰宣。
In the end Gui married into the Feng clan and fathered Rui, styled Shuwen. He rose to Director of the Bureau of Rites and was enfeoffed as Duke of Yangping. When Xianwen built a hall in the imperial park, he ordered the Secretariat officials to propose a name for it. Rui submitted a memorial: "I have heard that nothing is more exalted than the emperor; and nothing greater than the modest restraint kept between Heaven and man. Your servant is dull-witted and believes it should be named Chongguang. The memorial was approved. He died while serving as Director of the Southern Masters of Writing; his posthumous name was Xuan.
19
睿妻，崔浩弟女也。 生子良，字遵伯，聰明好學。 為尚書左丞，為孝文所知遇。 良弟衡，字道津。 良推爵讓之，仕至司直。 良以別功，賜爵昌平子。 子崇基襲。
Rui married a daughter of Cui Hao's younger brother. She gave birth to Liang, styled Zunbo, who was clever and fond of learning. He served as Left Assistant Director of the Secretariat and won the esteem of Emperor Xiaowen. Liang's younger brother Heng, styled Daojin. Liang yielded his rank to him; Heng rose to become Director of Justice. For his own separate merit Liang was enfeoffed as Baron of Changping. His son Chongji inherited.
20
軌弟質，字元直，有經義，為中書學生，稍遷博士。 太武征涼州，留宜都王穆壽輔景穆。 時蠕蠕乘虛犯塞，京師震恐。 壽雅信任質，為謀主。 質性好卜筮； 卜筮者咸雲必不來，故不設備。 由質，幾敗國。 後屢進讜言，超遷尚書。 卒，贈廣陽侯，諡曰恭。
Gui's younger brother Zhi, styled Yuanzhi, versed in the classics, entered the Secretariat Academy as a student and was gradually promoted to Erudite. When Taiwu marched against Liangzhou, he left Prince Yidu Mu Shou behind to assist Jingmu. At that time the Rouran seized the opportunity to raid the borderlands; the capital trembled with fear. Shou placed great trust in Zhi and made him his chief strategist. Zhi was fond of divination; All the diviners declared that the enemy would surely not come, and so no defensive measures were taken. Because of Zhi the state nearly perished. Later he repeatedly offered blunt counsel and was promoted to Director of the Secretariat. After his death he was posthumously enfeoffed as Marquis of Guangyang with the posthumous name Gong.
21
第二子邃，字文慶，位南部尚書，封襄平伯，出為青州刺史。 以邃在公遺跡可紀，下詔褒述。 卒官。 孝文在鄴宮，為之舉哀。 時百度唯新，青州佐吏疑為邃服，詔曰：「專古也，理與今違； 專今也，太乖曩義。 當斟酌兩途，商量得失，人吏之情亦不可苟順也。 主簿雲，近代相承服斬，過葬便，可如故。 自餘無服，大成寥落。 可准諸境內之人，為齊衰三月。」 子同始襲爵，卒於給事中。
His second son Sui, styled Wenqing, became Director of the Southern Masters of Writing, was enfeoffed as Baron of Xiangping, and was sent out as Governor of Qingzhou. Because Sui's record of public service was worth preserving, an edict commended and recounted his deeds. He died in office. Emperor Xiaowen was at the palace in Ye and observed mourning for him. At the time every observance was being renewed; Qingzhou's clerks doubted whether mourning was due for Sui, and an edict said, "To follow antiquity alone runs counter to the present; to follow the present alone departs too far from the rites of old. One must weigh both courses and calculate gain and loss—the feelings of officials and clerks cannot be indulged rashly either. The chief clerk said that in recent generations the custom was to wear unhemmed hemp and, once the burial was over, to stop mourning—this might stand as before. For everything else, no mourning—a great void in ritual observance. People within the borders may be allowed to wear hemmed mourning for three months. His son Tongshi inherited the title and later died while serving as Supervisor in the Imperial Secretariat.
22
邃、睿為從父兄弟。 睿才器小優，又封氏之男，崔氏之婿。 邃母雁門李氏，地望懸隔。 钜鹿太守祖季真多識北方人物，每云：「士大夫當須好婚親。 二公孫同堂兄弟耳，吉凶會集，便有士庶之異。」
Sui and Rui were cousins. Rui's talent was slightly the finer, and he was a Feng through his mother and a Cui by marriage. Sui's mother was of the Li clan of Yanmen—a family whose standing was worlds apart in prestige. Julu Administrator Zu Jizhen knew many notables of the north and would often say, "A scholar-official must make a good marriage. The two Gong Suns are cousins under the same roof—yet when fortune and misfortune meet, the gulf between gentry and commoners stands plain."
23
張濟，字士度，西河人也。 父千秋，慕容永驍騎將軍。 永滅，來奔。 道武善之，拜建節將軍，賜爵成紀侯。 濟涉獵書傳，清辯善儀容。 道武愛之，與公孫表等俱為行人，拜散騎侍郎，襲爵。 先是，晉雍州刺史楊佺期乞師于常山王遵以禦姚興。 帝遣濟為遵從事，即報之。 濟自襄陽還，帝問濟江南事。 濟曰：「司馬昌明死，子德宗代立，君弱臣強，全無綱紀。 佺期問臣：'魏初伐中山，幾十萬眾？ '臣答：'四十餘萬。 '佺期曰：'魏被甲戎馬，可有幾匹？ '臣答：'中軍精騎十餘萬，外軍無數。 '佺期曰：'以此討羌，豈不滅也！ '又曰：'魏定中山，徙幾戶於北？ '臣答：'七萬餘家。 '佺期曰：'都何城？ '臣答：'都平城。 '佺期曰：'有此大眾，何用城為！ '又曰：'魏帝欲為久都平城？ 將移也？ '臣答：'非所知也。 '佺期聞朝廷不都山東，貌有喜色，曰：'洛城救援，仰恃于魏，若獲保全，當必厚報。 如為羌所乘，甯使魏取。 '」道武嘉其辭，厚賞其使，許救洛陽。 後以累使稱旨，拜勝兵將軍。 卒，子多羅襲爵，坐事除。
Zhang Ji, styled Shidu, was a native of Xihe. His father Qianqiu had been Murong Yong's valiant cavalry general. When Yong was destroyed, he came over. Daowu received him kindly, appointed him General Who Establishes Discipline, and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Chengji. Ji ranged broadly through books and records, was sharp in debate and graceful in bearing. Daowu favored him; together with Gong Sunbiao and others he served as envoy, was appointed Gentleman of the Unattached Cavalry, and inherited his father's title. Earlier, Jin's Governor of Yong Province, Yang Quanqi, had asked the Prince of Changshan, Zun, for troops to resist Yao Xing. The emperor sent Ji on Zun's staff to deliver the reply. When Ji returned from Xiangyang, the emperor questioned him about affairs south of the Yangtze. Ji said, "Sima Changming is dead and his son Degong has succeeded. The ruler is young and the ministers are strong—there is no order at all. Quanqi asked me, "When Wei first attacked Zhongshan, how many tens of thousands of men were there?" I answered, 'More than four hundred thousand.' Quanqi said, "How many armored war-horses does Wei possess?" I answered, "The central army has more than a hundred thousand elite cavalry; the outer armies are beyond counting." Quanqi said, "With a force like that, to chastise the Qiang—would they not be utterly destroyed!" He also asked, "When Wei pacified Zhongshan, how many households were relocated north?" I answered, 'More than seventy thousand families.' Quanqi asked, 'What city was the capital?' I answered, 'The capital was Pingcheng.' Quanqi said, "With so vast a multitude, what need is there of city walls!" He also asked, "Does the Wei emperor intend to keep Pingcheng as his capital long, or will he move? I answered, 'I do not know.' Quanqi heard that the court did not intend to settle east of the mountains and looked pleased, saying, "Relief for Luoyang depends on Wei; if we can be preserved, we shall surely repay you richly. If the Qiang should prevail, better let Wei take it. Daowu commended his report, richly rewarded the envoy, and pledged to rescue Luoyang. Later, because his repeated missions met with imperial approval, he was appointed General of Victorious Troops. He died; his son Duoluo inherited the title but was stripped of rank for an offense.
24
李先，字容仁，中山盧奴人。 少好學，善占相術。 慕容永迎為謀主，勸永據長子城。 仕永，位秘書監。 永滅，徙中山。 皇始初，先于井陘歸。 道武問先曰：「卿何國人？ 祖父及身悉曆何官？」 先曰：「臣本趙郡平棘人。 大父重，晉平陽太守、大將軍右司馬。 父懋，石季龍樂安太守、左中郎將。 臣，苻丕左主客郎，慕容永秘書監、高密侯。」 車駕還代，以先為尚書右中兵郎。 再遷博士、定州大中正。 帝問先：「何者最善，可以益人神智？」 先曰：「唯有經書，三皇、五帝政化之典，可以補王者神智。」 又問：「朕欲集天下書籍，如何？」 對曰：「主之所好，集亦不難。」 帝於是班制天下，經籍稍集。
Li Xian, styled Rongren, came from Lunu in Zhongshan. In his youth he loved learning and was skilled in physiognomy and divination. Murong Yong welcomed him as strategist and urged Yong to hold the city of Changzi. He served Yong as Director of the Secretariat. After Yong's fall, he was relocated to Zhongshan. Early in the Huangshi era, Xian came in and submitted at Jingxing. Emperor Daowu asked Xian, "What state do you serve? What offices did your grandfather hold, and what have you yourself held? Xian said, "Your servant is a man of Pingji in Zhao Commandery. My great-grandfather Chong served Jin as Administrator of Pingyang and as Right Marshal to the Grand General. My father Mao held Shile's post of Administrator of Le'an and served as Left Commandant of the Center. As for myself, I was Fu Pi's Left Master of Guests, Murong Yong's Director of the Secretariat, and Marquis of Gaomi. When the imperial carriage returned to Dai, Xian was appointed Right Gentleman of the Central Guard in the Secretariat. He was promoted again to Erudite and Grand Rectifier of Ding Province. The emperor asked Xian, "What is the finest thing for sharpening a ruler's mind? Xian said, "Only the classics—the governmental canons of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors—can truly supplement a king's wisdom." He asked again, "I wish to collect all the books in the empire—how should I go about it?" He answered, "Whatever the lord favors is not hard to bring together." The emperor then issued orders throughout the realm, and the canonical texts gradually piled up.
25
道武討姚興于柴壁也，問計於先。 對曰：「兵以正合，戰以奇勝。 聞姚興欲屯兵天渡，利其糧道。 及其到前，遣奇兵先邀天渡，柴壁左右嚴設伏兵，備其表裏，興欲進不得，住又乏糧。 夫高者為敵所棲，深者為敵所囚，兵法所忌。 而興居之，可不戰而取。」 帝從其計，興果敗歸。 明元即位，問左右：「舊臣中誰為先帝所親信？」 新息公王洛兒曰：「有李先者，為先帝所知。」 俄而召先，讀韓子《連珠論》二十二篇，《太公兵法》十一事。 詔有司曰：「先所知者，皆軍國大事，自今常宿於內。」 賜先絹彩及御馬一匹，拜安東將軍、壽春侯，賜隸戶二十二。 卒於內都大官，年九十五。 詔賜金縷命服一襲，贈定州刺史、中山公，諡曰文懿。 子國襲爵。
When Daowu attacked Yao Xing at Chaibi, he sought Xian's counsel. Xian answered, "In war one meets the enemy in the orthodox way; victory comes by the unexpected. I hear Yao Xing plans to encamp at Tiandu and exploit his supply line. Before he arrives, send a surprise force to cut him off at Tiandu first. Set ambushes firmly on both flanks of Chaibi to cover inner and outer approaches—if Xing tries to advance he cannot, and if he halts he will run short of grain. High ground becomes a perch for the enemy; deep ground a prison—exactly what the military treatises forbid. Yet Xing has chosen such ground—he can be taken without a battle. The emperor followed his advice; Xing was indeed beaten and fled home. When Mingyuan took the throne he asked his attendants, "Among the old ministers, whom did the late emperor trust most? The Duke of Xinxin, Wang Luo'er, said, "There is Li Xian—the late emperor knew him well." Before long Xian was summoned in and read twenty-two chapters of Han Fei's Linked Pearls Discourse and eleven passages from Taigong's Art of War. An edict to the relevant offices ran, "What Xian knows touches the great affairs of army and state; henceforth let him lodge always within the inner palace. He was given silk brocade and an imperial horse, appointed General Who Pacifies the East and Marquis of Shouchun, and granted twenty-two dependent households. He died in office as Grand Director of the Inner Court, aged ninety-five. By edict he received one suit of gold-threaded life-robes; posthumously he was made Governor of Dingzhou and Duke of Zhongshan, with the posthumous name Wengong. His son Guo inherited the title.
26
國子鳳，中書博士。 鳳子預，字元凱。 太和初，曆秘書令、齊郡王友、征西大將軍長史，帶馮翊太守。 府解，罷郡，遂居長安。 羨古人飧玉法，乃採訪藍田，躬往攻掘，得若環璧雜器形者，大小百餘。 頗有粗黑者，亦篋盛以還。 至而觀之，皆光潤可玩。 預乃椎七十枚為屑食之，余多惠人。 後預及聞者更求玉於故處，皆無所見。 馮翊公源懷弟得其玉，琢為器佩，皆鮮明可寶。 預服經年，雲有效驗。 而世事寢食，皆不禁節，又加好酒損志。 及疾篤，謂妻子曰：「吾酒色不絕，自致於死，非藥過也。 然吾屍體必當有異，勿速殯，令後人知飧服之妙。」 時七月中旬，長安毒熱，預停屍四宿，而體色不變。 其妻常氏，以玉珠二枚琀之，口閉。 常謂曰：「君自雲飧玉有神驗，何不受琀？」 言訖，齒啟納珠。 因噓其口，都無穢氣。 舉斂於棺，堅直不傾委。 死時有遺玉屑數升，囊盛納諸棺中。
Guo's son Feng was an Erudite of the Secretariat. Feng's son Yu, styled Yuankai. Early in the Taihe era he served in succession as Director of the Secretariat, Friend to the Prince of Qi Commandery, and Chief Clerk to the General Who Pacifies the West, with concurrent appointment as Administrator of Fufeng. When the princely staff was disbanded he relinquished the commandery post and made his home in Chang'an. Enamored of the ancient practice of eating jade, he went to Lantian to gather it, digging with his own hands, and brought back more than a hundred pieces shaped like rings, disks, and other vessels. Some were rather coarse and blackish; he packed them in a box and carried them home anyway. When he examined them at home, every piece was lustrous and delightful to handle. Yu then pulverized seventy pieces and swallowed the powder, giving away most of the rest. Later Yu and others who heard the story searched again at the old site but found nothing more. The younger brother of Duke of Fufeng Yuan Huai acquired the jade and carved it into vessels and personal ornaments, all of them bright enough to be treasured. Yu consumed it for more than a year and maintained that it worked. But everyday cares gradually crowded out his meals—he kept no discipline at table—and heavy drinking further dulled his spirit. As his illness worsened he told his wife, "I never gave up wine and women and have brought myself to this end—it is not the jade's fault. Still, my corpse is sure to show something out of the ordinary; do not bury me in haste, so that men of later times may see the wonder of eating jade. It was the height of the seventh month; Chang'an sweltered, yet Yu's body lay out four nights without its color changing. His wife Lady Chang placed two jade beads in his mouth as funerary pebbles; his lips closed. Lady Chang said to him, "You yourself claimed that eating jade worked miracles—why not take the pebbles? No sooner had she spoken than his teeth parted and the beads went in. She breathed close to his mouth; there was not the slightest foul smell. When they laid him in the coffin his body remained upright and did not collapse. At his death he left several sheng of jade powder in a bag, which was placed in the coffin with him.
27
先少子皎。 天興中，密問先曰：「子孫永為魏臣，將復事他姓邪？」 先曰：「國家政化長遠，不可紀極。」 皎為寇謙之弟子，遂服氣絕粒數十年，隱於恆山。 年九十餘，顏如少童。 一旦，沐浴冠帶，家人異之，俄而坐卒。 道士咸稱其得屍解仙道。
Xian's younger son Jiao. In the Tianxing era Daowu asked Xian in private, "Will our descendants always remain ministers of Wei, or will they serve another house? Xian said, "The state's governance and transforming influence stretch far into the future—they cannot be traced to an end." Jiao became a disciple of Kou Qianzhi and for decades thereafter fed on qi and abstained from grain, living in seclusion on Mount Heng. Past ninety, his face was like a youth's. One day he bathed, put on cap and sash; his household found it odd, and presently he sat upright and died. Daoists everywhere pronounced that he had achieved corpse dissolution and entered the immortal path.
28
皎孫義徽。 太和中，以儒學博通，有才華，補清河王懌府記室。 箋書表疏，文不加點，清典贍速，當世稱之。 又為懌撰《輿地圖》及《顯忠錄》。 性好《老莊》，甚嗤釋教。 靈太后臨朝，屬有沙門惠憐以咒水飲人，雲能愈疾，百姓奔湊，日以千數。 義徽白懌，稱其妖妄。 因令義徽草奏以諫，太后納其言。 元叉惡懌，徙義徽都水使者。 俄而懌被害，因棄官隱於大房山。
Jiao's grandson Yihui. In the Taihe period, recognized for broad learning in the Confucian classics and for literary gifts, he was made Recorder to Prince Qinghe Yi. In official memorials, letters, and submissions his writing needed no polish—lucid, canonical, ample, and swift—and men of his day acclaimed him. For Yi he also drew up the Territorial Map and the Record of Manifest Loyalty. By temperament he delighted in Laozi and Zhuangzi and held Buddhism in contempt. During Empress Ling's regency a monk named Huilian gave people water he had "charmed," claiming it cured disease; commoners rushed to him by the thousands each day. Yihui reported to Yi that the affair was fraud and delusion. Yi had Yihui compose a remonstrance for the throne; the empress dowager took his advice. Yuan Cha, who hated Yi, had Yihui transferred to Commissioner of the Metropolitan Waterworks. Before long Yi was killed; Yihui thereupon resigned his post and went into hiding on Mount Dafang.
29
少子蘭，以純孝著聞，不受辟召。 孝昌中，旌表門閭。
His younger son Lan won renown for unstinting filial devotion and would not answer summons to office. In Xiaochang an edict honored his gate and lane.
30
正光中，文宣王亶嗣位，思義徽雅正惇篤，薦其孫景儒，位至奉車都尉。 自皇始至齊受禪，百五十歲。 先之所言，有明征焉。
In the Zhengguang era, when Prince Wensuan Dan succeeded, he recalled Yihui's refined integrity and firm loyalty and recommended his grandson Jingru, who rose to Commandant of the Imperial Carriages. From the Huangshi era until Qi received the abdication was a span of one hundred fifty years. What Xian said had clear proof.
31
景儒子昭徽，博涉稽古，脫略不羈，時人稱其為播郎。 因以字行于燕、趙焉。 善談論，有宏辯，屬文任氣，不拘常則。 志好隱逸，慕葛洪之為人。 尋師訪道，不遠千里。 遇高尚則傾蓋如舊，見庸識雖王公蔑如。 初為道士，中年應詔舉，為高唐尉。 大業中，將妻子隱于嵩山，號黃冠子。 有文集十卷，為學者所稱。
Jingru's son Zhaohui ranged widely through antiquity, careless of convention; contemporaries called him "Gentleman Bo." He was known by his style in Yan and Zhao. He was skilled in debate and possessed sweeping eloquence; in composition he followed his own bent and ignored ordinary rules. He aspired to the life of a recluse and took Ge Hong as his model. In pursuit of teachers and the Way he would travel a thousand li without flinching. Toward the truly lofty he would tilt his carriage awning as to an old acquaintance; toward the mediocre he would look away even from kings and dukes. He began as a Daoist priest; in middle age he answered the imperial call and was appointed magistrate of Gaotang. During the Daye reign he withdrew with wife and children to Mount Song, taking the sobriquet Master Yellow Cap. He left a collected works in ten scrolls, admired by scholars.
32
賈彝，字彥倫，本武威姑臧人也。 六世祖敷，魏幽州刺史、廣川都亭侯，子孫因家焉。 父為苻堅钜鹿太守，坐訕謗系獄。 彝年十歲，詣長安訟父獲申。 遠近歎之，僉曰：「此子英英，賈誼之後，莫之與京。」 弱冠，為慕容垂遼西王農記室參軍。 道武先聞其名，常遣使者求彝于垂，垂彌增器敬。 垂遣其太子寶來寇，大敗於參合，執彝及其從兄代郡太守潤等。 道武即位，拜尚書左丞，參預國政。 天賜末，彝請詣溫陽療疾，為叛胡所掠，送于姚興。 積數年遁歸，又為赫連屈丐所執，拜秘書監，卒。 太武平赫連昌，子秀迎其屍柩，葬于代南。
Jia Yi, styled Yanlun, was a native of Guzang in Wuwei. His sixth-generation forebear Fu had been Governor of You Province for Wei and Marquis of Guangchuan at Douting; the family made its home there. His father served Fu Jian as Administrator of Julu and was imprisoned for speaking ill of the throne. At ten Yi went to Chang'an to plead his father's case and secured his release. People near and far marveled, saying with one voice, "This boy shines like a star—a true descendant of Jia Yi, with none in the capital to equal him. At his coming of age he became Agricultural Recorder on the staff of Murong Chui's Prince of Liaoxi. Daowu had long known his reputation and often sent messengers to ask Chui for Yi; Chui only treated him with greater regard. Chui sent his heir Bao on a raid; at Canhe they suffered utter defeat, and Yi together with his cousin Run, Administrator of Dai Commandery, were taken prisoner. When Daowu took the throne he was appointed Left Assistant Director of the Secretariat and took part in governing the realm. Near the end of the Tianci era Yi asked leave to seek treatment at Wenyang, was seized by rebel Hu bands, and sent on to Yao Xing. After several years he slipped away and returned home, only to be seized again by Helian Qubing, who made him Director of the Secretariat before he died. When Taiwu pacified Helian Chang, his son Xiu went to meet the coffin and buried him south of Dai.
33
秀位中庶子，賜爵陽都男，本州大中正。 獻文即位，進爵陽都子。 時丞相乙渾妻庶姓，而求公主之號，屢言於秀，秀默然。 後因公事，就第見渾。 渾夫妻同坐，厲色曰：「爾管攝職事，無所不從。 我請公主，不應，何意？」 秀慷慨大言對曰：「公主之稱，王姬之號，尊寵之極，非庶族所宜。 秀甯就死于今朝，不取笑於後日。」 渾左右莫不失色，為之震懼，秀神色自若。 渾夫妻默然含忿。 他日，乃書太醫給事楊惠富臂，作「老奴官慳」字，令以示秀。 渾每欲伺隙陷之。 會渾伏誅，遂免難。
Xiu served as Junior Mentor to the Heir Apparent, was enfeoffed Baron of Yangdu, and held the post of Grand Rectifier of his home province. When Xianwen acceded, Xiu's title was raised to Baron of Yangdu. At that time the chancellor Yi Hun's wife, though of humble birth, repeatedly pressed Xiu for the title of princess; Xiu would not answer. Later, on a matter of official business, he called at Hun's private residence. Hun and his wife received him together and spoke harshly: "You administer affairs of state—there should be nothing you refuse us. I ask for the rank of princess and you withhold your consent—what is your meaning? Xiu replied with spirit: "The title of princess, the designation of a king's daughter—the summit of favor—is not for a clan of common birth. Xiu would rather die today than be a laughingstock tomorrow." Hun's men blanched and shook; Xiu's face never changed. Hun and his wife said nothing, swallowing their rage. Another day he had "old-slave-official-stingy" written on Chief Medical Attendant Yang Huifu's arm and shown to Xiu. Hun kept watching for a chance to ruin him. When Hun was put to death in secret, Xiu escaped.
34
時秀與中書令勃海高允俱以儒舊重于時。 皆選擬方嶽，以詢訪被留，各聽長子出為郡。 秀固讓不受，許之。 自始及終，曆奉五帝。 雖不至大官，常當機要。 廉清儉約，不營資產。 年七十三，遇疾，詔給醫藥，賜几杖。 時朝廷舉動及大事不決，每遣尚書、高平公李敷就第訪決。 卒，贈冀州刺史、武邑公，諡曰簡。
Xiu and Bohai's Chief Counselor Gao Yun were both famed Confucian elders of the day. Both were slated for provincial office but kept at court for consultation; each was allowed to send his eldest son out as commandery prefect. Xiu firmly declined; the court allowed it. From first to last he served five emperors. He never held the highest rank but was always at the heart of affairs. Upright, pure, and spare—he built no fortune. At seventy-three he fell ill; the throne sent doctors and medicine and granted staff and folding stool. When court action or a great matter stalled, Vice Director Li Fu, Marquis of Gaoping, was often sent to his house for a ruling. He died and was posthumously Governor of Jizhou, Duke of Wuyi, posthumous name Simple.
35
子俊，字異鄰。 襲爵，位荊州刺史，依例降爵為伯。 先是，上洛置荊州，後改為洛州，在重山，人不知學，俊表置學官。 在州五載，清靖寡事，為吏人所安。 卒，贈兗州刺史。 子叔休襲爵。
His son Jun, styled Yilin. He inherited the title, served as Governor of Jingzhou, and was reduced to marquis by rule. Shangluo had once been Jingzhou, later Luozhou; in the deep mountains learning was unknown—Jun petitioned to set up school officers. Five years in office, pure and quiet, little business—the clerks and people were at ease. At death he was posthumously Governor of Yanzhou. His son Shuxiu inherited.
36
潤曾孫禎，字叔願，學涉經史，居喪以孝聞。 太和中，以中書博士副中書侍郎高聰使江左。 還，以母老患，輒在家定省，坐免官。 後為司徒諮議參軍、通直散騎常侍，加冠軍將軍。 卒，贈齊州刺史。
Run's great-grandson Zhen, styled Shuyuan, steeped in the classics and histories, famed for mourning his parents. In Taihe he went as Secretariat doctor with Vice Director Gao Cong to the lower Yangzi. On return his mother was old and ill; he stayed home to nurse her and was removed from office. Later he was Secretariat consulting officer, Regular Attendant Direct and Unimpeded, with supernumerary rank Champion General. At death he was posthumously Governor of Qizhou.
37
禎兄子景俊，亦以學識知名，為京兆王愉府外兵參軍。 愉起逆于冀州，將授其官； 不受，死之。 贈河東太守，諡曰貞。
Zhen's nephew Jingjun was also known for scholarship, outside military staff officer to Prince of Jingzhao Yu. Yu rebelled in Jizhou and was about to give him a post; he refused and died for it. Posthumously Governor of Hedong, posthumous name Upright.
38
景俊弟景輿，清峻鯁正，為州主簿，遂棲遲不仕。 後葛榮陷冀州，稱疾不拜。 景輿每捫膝而言曰：「吾不負汝。」 以不拜榮也。
Jingjun's younger brother Jingyu, stern and upright, was a provincial chief clerk and then would not serve. When Ge Rong seized Jizhou he pleaded illness and would not bow. Jingyu would pat his knee and say, "I have not failed you. — for refusing to bow to Rong.
39
竇瑾，字道瑜，頓丘衛國人，自雲漢司空融之後也。 高祖成，頓丘太守，因家焉。 瑾少以文學知名，自中書博士為中書侍郎，賜爵繁陽子。 參軍國謀，屢有功，進爵衛國侯，轉四部尚書。 初定三秦，人猶去就，拜長安鎮將、毗陵公。 在鎮八年，甚著威惠。 徵為殿中都官尚書。 太武親待之，賞賜甚厚。 從征蓋吳，吳平，留瑾鎮長安。 還京復為殿中、都官，典左右執法。 太武歎曰：「國之良輔，毗陵公之謂矣。」 出為冀州刺史，清約沖素，著稱當時。 還為內都大官。 興光初，瑾女婿郁林公司馬彌陀以選尚臨涇公主，瑾教彌陀辭。 托有誹謗咒詛之言，與彌陀同誅，唯少子遵逃匿得免。
Dou Jin, styled Daoyu, of Weiguo in Dunqiu, descended from Han Minister of Works Dou Rong. His great-grandfather Cheng, Administrator of Dunqiu, settled the family there. Jin was famed young for letters; from Secretariat doctor to vice director, enfeoffed Viscount of Fanyang. He took part in state planning with repeated merit, rose to Marquis of Weiguo, then Director of Four Departments. When the Three Qins were first settled and allegiance still shifted, he was made Regional Commander of Chang'an, Duke of Piling. Eight years in command—his authority and kindness were renowned. He was summoned as Director of Palace Attendants and Capital Ministries. Emperor Taiwu favored him personally and rewarded him richly. On campaign against Gai Wu; when Wu fell, Jin was left to hold Chang'an. Back in the capital he again directed palace and capital ministries and held law at the emperor's side. Taiwu sighed: "The state's true pillar is the Duke of Piling. Sent out as Governor of Jizhou, pure and spare—famed in his day. He returned as Grand Director of Palace Officials. In Xingguang 1 Jin's son-in-law Moduo, marshal to Prince of Yulin, was chosen for Princess of Linjing; Jin urged Moduo to refuse. On charges of slander and cursing he was executed with Moduo; only the youngest son Zun hid and lived.
40
遵善楷篆，北京諸碑及台殿樓觀宮門題署多遵書。 位濮陽太守，多所受納。 其子僧演奸通人婦，為部人賈邈告，坐免。 後以善書拜庫部令，卒官。
Zun excelled in regular and seal script; most northern-capital steles and palace gate inscriptions are his. As Administrator of Puyang he took many bribes. His son Sengyan lay with another man's wife; Jia Miao of the district reported him and he was dismissed. Later, for fine calligraphy, he was made Director of Storehouses and died in office.
41
李䐶，字元盛，小名真奴，范陽人也。 曾祖產，產子績，二世知名于慕容氏。 父崇，馮跋吏部尚書、石城太守。 車駕至和龍，崇率十餘郡歸降，太武甚禮之，呼曰李公。 為北幽州刺史、固安侯。 卒，諡曰襄侯。 䐶母賤，為諸兄所輕。 崇曰：「此子之生，相者言貴，吾每觀，或未可知。」 遂使入都為中書學生。 太武幸中書學，見而異之，指謂從者曰：「此小兒終效用於朕之子孫。」 因識眄之。 帝舅陽平王杜超有女，將許貴戚，帝曰：「李䐶後必官達，益人門戶，可以妻之。」 遂勸成婚。 南人李哲常言䐶必當貴達。 杜超之死也，帝親哭三日。 䐶以超女婿，得在喪位出入。 帝指謂左右曰：「觀此人舉動，豈不異於眾也？ 必為朕家幹事臣。」 䐶聰敏機辯，強記明察。 初，李靈為文成博士，詔崔浩選中書學生器業優者為助教。 浩舉其弟子箱子與盧度世、李敷三人應之。 給事高讜子祐、尚書段霸兒侄等以為浩阿党其親戚，言于景穆。 以浩為不平，聞之于太武。 太武意在䐶，曰：「云何不取幽州刺史李崇老翁兒？」 浩對曰：「前亦言䐶合選，但以其先行在外，故不取之。」 帝曰：「可待䐶還，箱子等罷之。」 遂除中書助教、博士，入授文成經。
Li Xin, styled Yuansheng, childhood name Zhennu, of Fanyang. Great-grandfather Chan and Chan's son Ji—two generations famed under the Murong. His father Chong was Minister of Civil Service and Administrator of Shicheng under Feng Ba. When the imperial carriage reached Helong, Chong led more than ten commanderies to submit; Taiwu honored him greatly and called him Lord Li. Governor of Northern Youzhou, Marquis of Gu'an. At death his posthumous title was Marquis Xiang. Xin's mother was of humble birth and his elder brothers looked down on him. Chong said, "At his birth the diviners said he would be noble; each time I look I still cannot tell. So he sent him to the capital as a Secretariat student. Taiwu visited the Secretariat school, saw him, thought him unusual, and said to his attendants, "This boy will one day serve my house. So he marked him for special notice. The emperor's uncle Duke of Yangping Du Chao had a daughter for a noble match; the emperor said, "Li Xin will surely rise and enrich another house—give her to him. So he pressed the marriage. The southerner Li Zhe often said Xin would surely reach high rank. When Du Chao died the emperor mourned him in person for three days. As Chao's son-in-law Xin could enter and leave the mourning hall. The emperor pointed him out and said, "Look at this man's bearing—is it not unlike the crowd? He will surely be a pillar of my house. Xin was quick, clever, sharp-tongued, with a strong memory and keen eye. At first Li Ling was Wencheng's erudite; an edict had Cui Hao pick the best Secretariat students as assistant teachers. Hao named his pupil Son Xiang, Lu Duanshi, and Li Fu. Gaoyan's son You and Duan Ba's nephew and others said Hao favored kin and told Jingmu. The charge of unfairness reached Taiwu. Taiwu had Xin in mind and said, "Why not take old Li Chong's boy from Youzhou? Hao said, "I said Xin fit before, but he was away and was not taken." The emperor said, "Wait until Xin returns and dismiss Xiang and the rest." He was made assistant teacher and Secretariat erudite and taught Wencheng the classics.
42
文成即位，䐶以舊恩親寵，遷儀曹尚書，領中秘書，賜爵扶風公。 贈其母孫氏為容城君。 帝顧群臣曰：「朕始學之歲，情未能專； 既總萬機，溫習靡暇。 是故儒道實有闕焉。 豈惟予咎，抑亦師傅之不勤。 所以爵賞仍隆，蓋不遺舊也。」 䐶免冠拜謝。 出為相州刺史。 為政清簡，百姓稱之。 䐶上疏求於州郡各立學官，使士望之流，衣冠之胄，就而受業。 其經藝通明者，上王府。 書奏，獻文從之。 以䐶政為諸州之最，加賜衣服。 自是遂有驕矜自得之志，受納人財物，商胡珍寶。 兵人告言。 尚書李敷與䐶少長相好，每左右之。 或有勸以奏聞，敷不許。 獻文聞䐶罪狀，檻車征䐶，拷劾抵罪。 敷兄弟將見疏斥，有司諷以中旨嫌敷兄弟之意，令䐶告列敷等隱罪，可得自全。 䐶深所不欲，且弗之知也，乃謂其女婿裴攸曰：「吾與李敷，族世雖遠，情如一家。 在事既有此勸，昨來引簪自刺，以帶自絞，而不能致絕。 且亦不知其事。」 攸曰：「何為為他死？ 敷兄弟事釁可知。 有馮闌者，先為敷殺，其家切恨之。 但呼闌弟問之，足可知委。」 䐶從其言。 又趙郡範標具列敷兄弟事狀，有司以聞，敷坐得罪。 詔列䐶貪冒應死，以糾李敷兄弟，故免。 百鞭髡刑，配為廝役。
When Wencheng took the throne Xin, for old favor, was intimate and favored—Master of Rites, head of the Imperial Secretariat, Duke of Fufeng. His mother Lady Sun was made Lady of Rongcheng. The emperor told the ministers, "When I first studied I could not fix my mind; once I held all affairs I had no leisure to review old lessons. So the Confucian way truly had gaps—not mine alone but also my teachers' slackness. Therefore rank and reward stay high—I do not forget the old days. Xin removed his cap and bowed in thanks. He went out as Governor of Xiangzhou. His rule was pure and simple; the people praised him. Xin petitioned that every province and commandery set up schools so local worthies and gentry sons could study. Those who mastered the classics would enter the princes' households. The memorial went up; Emperor Xianwen approved. Xin's governance was judged best among the provinces and extra robes were granted. From then on pride took him; he took people's goods and merchants' treasures. Soldiers reported him. Vice Director Li Fu and Xin had been close since youth; Fu always covered for him. Some urged reporting to the throne; Fu forbade it. Xianwen heard of Xin's crimes, summoned him in a cage-cart, and tortured him to conviction. The Fu brothers were to be cast aside; the authorities hinted at the throne's dislike and told Xin to denounce Fu's hidden crimes to save himself. Xin did not want it and claimed ignorance; he told his son-in-law Pei You, "Li Fu and I are distant kin but close as kin. They pressed me in office; yesterday I stabbed myself with a hairpin and strangled with a belt and still could not die. And I do not even know the affair. You said, "Why die for someone else? The Fu brothers' guilt is obvious. Feng Lan was killed by Fu before; his family hates Fu bitterly. Call Lan's younger brother and ask—that is enough to know everything." Xin did as he said. Fan Biao of Zhao also laid out the Fu brothers' deeds; the authorities reported up and Fu was convicted. An edict said Xin's greed deserved death, but because he had exposed the Fu brothers he was spared. He received a hundred lashes, was shaved, and made a menial.
43
䐶之廢也，平壽侯張讜見䐶，與語，奇之。 謂人曰：「此佳士也，終不久屈。」 未幾而復為太倉尚書，攝南部事。 用范標陳策計，令千里之外，戶別轉運，詣倉輸之。 使所在委滯，停延歲月。 百姓競以貨賂，各求在前，於是遠近大為困弊。 道路群議曰：「畜聚斂之人，未若盜臣。」 䐶弟左軍將軍璞謂䐶曰：「範標善能降人以色，假人以辭，未聞德義之言，但有勢利之說。 聽其言也甘，察其行也賊，所謂諂諛讒慝，貪冒奸佞。 不早絕之，後悔無及。」 䐶不從，彌信之，腹心事皆以告標。 䐶既寵于獻文，參決軍國大議，兼典選舉，權傾內外，百寮莫不曲節以事之。 標以無功起家拜盧奴令。
When Xin fell, Marquis of Pingshou Zhang Dan met him and found him remarkable. He said, "This is a fine man; he will not stay bent long. Soon he was again Grand Director of the Granary, acting for the southern section. He used Fan Biao's plan: beyond a thousand li each household had to transport grain to the granary. Local stores piled up and stalled for months. People bribed to go first; near and far were ruined. On the roads people said, "A hoarding minister is worse than a thief minister. Xin's brother Pu, Left Army General, said, "Fan Biao wins men with a pleasant face and fine words; you never hear virtue, only profit. His words are sweet; his deeds are theft—flatterer, slanderer, greedy traitor. Cut him off now or regret it later. Xin would not listen; he trusted Biao more and told him every secret. Favored by Xianwen, Xin joined in army and state counsels and held selection; power leaned inside and out; every office bowed to him. Biao, without merit, was made magistrate of Lu'nu.
44
獻文崩，䐶遷司空，進爵范陽公，出為侍中、鎮南大將軍、開府儀同三司、徐州刺史。 范標知文明太后之忿䐶，又知內外疾之，太和元年，希旨告䐶外叛。 文明太后征䐶至京師，言其叛狀。 䐶曰：「無之。」 引標證䐶。 䐶言：「爾妄雲知我，吾又何言！ 雖然，爾不顧餘之厚德，而忍為此，不仁甚矣。」 標曰：「公德于標，何若李敷之德於公？ 公昔忍於敷，標今敢不忍公乎？」 䐶慨然曰：「吾不用璞言，自貽伊戚，萬悔于心，何嗟及矣！」 遂見誅。
When Xianwen died Xin became Minister of Works, Duke of Fanyang, Palace Attendant, Regional Commander of the South, General Opening Offices with Three Excellencies' rank, Governor of Xuzhou. Biao knew Empress Dowager Wenming hated Xin and that court and country resented him; in Taihe 1 he reported Xin was plotting rebellion outside. The empress dowager summoned Xin to the capital and charged rebellion. Xin said, "There is none. Biao was called to testify against Xin. Xin said, "You lie that you know me—what can I say! Yet you forget my deep kindness and do this—inhuman in the extreme. Biao said, "Your grace to me—how does it compare with Fu's grace to you? You once harmed Fu; how dare I not harm you now?" Xin sighed, "I ignored Pu and brought this on myself—regret beyond words, too late to sigh!" He was executed.
45
璞字季直，性惇厚，多識人物。 賜爵宜陽侯，太常卿。
Pu, styled Jizhi, was thick and honest and knew many men. Enfeoffed Marquis of Yiyang, Grand Minister of Sacrifices.
46
韓延之，字顯宗，南陽堵陽人，魏司徒暨之後也。 仕晉，位建威將軍、荊州從事，轉平西府錄事參軍。 晉將劉裕伐司馬休之，未至江陵，密與延之書招之。 延之報書，辭甚激厲，曰：「劉裕足下：海內之人，誰不見足下此心，而復欲欺誑國士！」 其不屈如此。 事見《南史宋本紀》。 延之以裕父名翹，字顯宗，於是己字顯宗，名子為翹，蓋示不臣劉氏也。 後奔姚興。 泰常二年，與司馬文思等俱入魏。 明元以延之為武牢鎮將，賜爵魯陽侯。
Han Yanzhi, styled Xianzong, of Duyang in Nanyang, descended from Wei Minister of Works Han Ji. He served Jin as General Who Establishes Might, Jingzhou staff officer, then chief clerk of the Pacify-the-West headquarters. When Liu Yu attacked Sima Xiuzhi, before reaching Jiangling he secretly wrote to win Yanzhi. Yanzhi's reply was fierce: "Liu Yu, every man under heaven sees your heart—yet you would deceive the state's gentlemen again! He was that unbending. The affair is in Song's Basic Annals in the History of the Southern Dynasties. Yu's father's name was Qiao, styled Xianzong; Yanzhi styled himself Xianzong and named his son Qiao—refusing to serve the Liu. Later he fled to Yao Xing. In Taichang 2 he entered Wei with Sima Wensi and others. Mingyuan made him Regional Commander of Wulao, Marquis of Luyang.
47
初，延之曾來往柏穀塢，省魯宗之墓，有終焉之志。 因謂之孫云：「河洛三代所都，朝廷必有居此者。 我死，不勞向北代葬也，即可就此。」 子從其言，遂葬宗之墓次。 延之後五十餘年而孝文徙都，其孫數家即居於祖墓之北柏穀塢。
Earlier he had visited Lu Zongzhi's tomb at Bai'gu Walled Town and wished to end his days there. He told Zongzhi's grandson, "Luo and Yi were capitals for three dynasties; the court will surely live here. When I die do not bury me in Northern Dai—bury me here. His son obeyed and buried him by Zongzhi's tomb. Fifty years later Xiaowen moved the capital; Yanzhi's kin lived north of the tomb at Bai'gu.
48
袁式，字季祖，陳郡陽夏人，漢司徒滂之後。 父深，晉侍中。 式在南，曆武陵王遵諮議參軍。 及劉裕執權，式歸姚興。 及姚泓滅，歸魏，為上客，賜爵陽夏子。 與司徒崔浩一面，便盡國士之交。 時朝儀典章悉出於浩，浩以式博於故事，每所草創，恆顧訪之。 性長者，雖羈旅飄泊，而清貧守度，不失士節。 時人甚敬重之，皆呼曰袁諮議。 至延和二年，衛大將軍、樂安王範為雍州刺史，詔式與中書侍郎高允俱為從事中郎。 辭而獲免。
Yuan Shi, styled Jizu, of Yangxia in Chen, descended from Han Minister of Works Yuan Pang. His father Shen was Jin Palace Attendant. In the south Shi was consulting staff officer to Prince of Wuling Wang Zun. When Liu Yu seized power Shi went to Yao Xing. When Yao Hong fell he came to Wei as honored guest, Viscount of Yangxia. One meeting with Cui Hao made them sworn friends as men of the state. Court ritual then came from Hao; Hao, because Shi knew old precedent, always consulted him when drafting. He was a man of long years; though exiled he stayed poor and measured, never losing a gentleman's line. His time respected him; all called him Consultant Yuan. In Yanhe 2 Prince of Le'an Fan, Defender-General, was Governor of Yong; Shi and Secretariat Vice Director Gao Yun were made his consulting officers. He declined and was excused.
49
式沈靖樂道，周覽書傳，至於詁訓《倉》、《雅》，偏所留懷。 作《字釋》未就。 乙太安二年卒，贈豫州刺史，諡肅侯。
Shi was serene, loved the Way, read widely, especially glossing Cangjie and Erya. He wrote "Explanation of Characters" but did not finish. In Yitai'an 2 he died, posthumously Governor of Yuzhou, posthumous name Marquis Su.
50
子濟襲父爵，位魏郡太守，政有清稱。 加甯遠將軍。 及宋王劉昶開府，召為諮議參軍。
Son Ji inherited, was Administrator of Wei commandery, famed for pure rule. He was given supernumerary rank General Who Pacifies the Distance. When Prince of Song Liu Chang opened headquarters Ji was summoned as consulting officer.
51
毛修之，字敬文，滎陽陽武人也。 世仕晉。 劉裕之平關中，留子義真鎮長安，以修之為司馬。 及義真敗，修之沒統萬。 太武平赫連昌，獲之。 使領吳兵，以功拜吳兵將軍。 修之能為南人飲食，手自煎調，多所適意。 太武親待之，累遷尚書，賜爵南郡公，常在太官主進禦膳。 從討和龍，時諸軍攻城，行宮人少，宋故將硃修之為雲中將軍，欲率吳兵為逆。 因入和龍，冀浮海南歸。 以告修之，不聽，乃止。 是日無修之，大變幾作。 硃修之遂奔馮弘。 修之又以軍功，遷特進、撫軍大將軍，位次崔浩下。
Mao Xiuzhi, styled Jingwen, of Yangwu in Xingyang. His house served Jin for generations. When Liu Yu pacified Guanzhong he left son Yizhen at Chang'an with Xiuzhi as marshal. When Yizhen fell Xiuzhi was taken at Tongwan. Taiwu pacified Helian Chang and took him. He was set to lead Wu troops and enfeoffed General of Wu Troops for merit. Xiuzhi could cook southern food and season it himself to please. Taiwu favored him, raised him to Vice Director, Duke of Nan, always in the Imperial Kitchen directing meals. Besieging Helong the camp had few men; Song's Zhu Xiuzhi, General of Yunzhong, wished to lead Wu troops in revolt. He entered Helong hoping to sail south by sea. He told Xiuzhi; Xiuzhi refused and he stopped. That day without Xiuzhi a great disaster nearly came. Zhu Xiuzhi fled to Feng Hong. Xiuzhi rose again for merit to Special Advancement, General Who Pacifies the Army, below Cui Hao.
52
浩以其中國舊門，雖不博洽，猶涉獵書傳，與共論說之。 次及陳壽《三國志》，云「有古良史風，其所著述，文義典正，班史以來無及壽者」。 修之曰：「昔在蜀中，聞長老言，壽曾為諸葛亮門下書佐，得撻百下，故其論武侯云：應變非其所長。」 浩乃與論曰：「承祚之評亮，乃有故義過美之譽，非挾恨之言。 夫亮之相備，英雄奮發之時，君臣相得，魚水為喻。 而不能與曹氏爭天下，委棄荊州，退入巴蜀，守窮崎嶇之地，僭號邊夷之間，此策之下者。 可以趙佗為偶，而以管、蕭之亞匹，不亦過乎！ 且亮既據蜀，弗量勢力，嚴威切法，控勒蜀人，欲以邊夷之眾，抗衡上國。 出兵隴右，再攻祁山，一攻陳倉，疏遲失會，摧衄而反。 後入秦川，更求野戰。 魏人知其意，以不戰屈之。 智窮勢盡，發病而死。 由是言之，豈合古之善將，見可知難乎？」 修之謂浩言為然。 後卒於外都大官，諡恭公。
Hao, because he was an old Chinese house, though not broad still read books and debated with him. They came to Chen Shou's "Records of the Three Kingdoms"; Hao said it had the air of a good ancient historian, canonical since Ban Gu. Xiuzhi said, "In Shu elders said Shou had been Zhuge Liang's clerk, was flogged a hundred times, so he wrote the Martial Lord was weak at adaptation. Hao argued, "Shou's judgment of Liang was old obligation praising too much, not resentment. Liang serving Bei was hero and lord meeting, ruler and minister like fish and water. Yet he could not fight Cao for the realm, abandoned Jingzhou, retreated to Ba-Shu, held poor hills, styled himself emperor among barbarians—the lowest stratagem. He may match Zhao Tuo; to rank with Guan Zhong and Xiao He—is that not too much! Moreover Liang held Shu, misread strength, ruled Shu with harsh law, wished border tribes to resist the center. He marched from Longyou, twice attacked Qishan, once Chencang, slow and late, broken and back. Later he entered Qinchuan and again sought battle in the open. Wei knew his mind and wore him down without fighting. Wits gone, power spent, he fell ill and died. By that measure, how is he an ancient good general who sees difficulty and stops?" Xiuzhi said Hao was right. Later he died as Grand Director of the Outer Capital Kitchen, posthumous Duke Gong.
53
修之在南有四子，唯子法仁入魏。 文成初，為金部尚書，襲爵，轉殿中尚書。 法仁言聲壯大，至於軍旅田狩，唱呼處分，振於山谷。 卒，贈征東大將軍、南郡王，諡曰威。
In the south Xiuzhi had four sons; only Faren entered Wei. At Wencheng's start he was Director of the Gold Bureau, inherited the title, then Director Within the Hall. Faren's voice was huge; on campaign and hunt his commands shook the valleys. At death posthumously General Who Pacifies the East, Prince of Nan, posthumous name Martial.
54
硃修之者，仕宋為司徒從事中郎。 守滑台，為安頡所禽。 太武善其固守，以宗室女妻之，以為雲中鎮將。 後奔馮弘。 弘送之江南。 頡之克滑，宋陳留太守嚴稜戍倉垣。 及山陽公奚斤軍至潁川，稜率文武五百人詣斤降。 明元嘉其誠款，賜爵郃陽侯，假荊州刺史。 隨駕南討，還為上客。 及太武踐阼，以歸化之功，除中山太守，有清廉稱。 卒於家。 子幼玉襲。 稜舊書有傳，今附之云。 修之在宋顯達，事並具《南史》。
Zhu Xiuzhi had served Song as consulting staff officer to the Minister of Works. He held Huatai and was taken by An Ji. Taiwu praised his defense, married him an imperial-clan woman, made him Regional Commander of Yunzhong. Later he fled to Feng Hong. Hong sent him to the south. When Ji took Huatai, Song's Chenliu Administrator Yan Ling held Cangyuan. When Duke of Shanyang Xi Jin reached Yingchuan, Ling led five hundred officials and soldiers to surrender. Mingyuan praised his sincerity, enfeoffed Marquis of Heyang, acting Governor of Jingzhou. He followed the southern campaign and returned as honored guest. When Taiwu took the throne, for submitting he was made Administrator of Zhongshan, famed for purity. He died at home. Son Youyu inherited. Ling once had his own biography; it is appended here. Xiuzhi was eminent in Song; the full account is in the History of the Southern Dynasties.
55
唐和，字幼起，晉西宜安人也。 父繇，以涼土喪亂，推涼武昭王霸於河右。 及涼亡，和與兄契攜其甥武昭王孫寶，避難伊吾。 招集人眾二千餘家，臣於蠕蠕。 蠕蠕以契為伊吾王。
Tang He, styled Youqi, of Xiyi'an in Jin. His father Yao, when Liang was in chaos, set up Wuzhao Wang Ba west of the river. When Liang fell He and brother Qi took nephew Bao, Wuzhao's grandson, and fled to Yiwu. He gathered more than two thousand households and submitted to the Rouran. The Rouran made Qi King of Yiwu.
56
經二十年，和與契遣使降魏，為蠕蠕所逼，遂擁部至高昌。 蠕蠕遣部帥阿若討和，至白力城。 和先攻高寧。 契與阿若戰沒，和收餘眾，奔前部國。 時沮渠安周屯橫截城，和攻拔之。 斬安周兄子樹，又克高甯、白力二城。 遣使表狀。 太武嘉之，屢賜之璽書。 後和與前部王車伊洛破安周。 太武使周公萬度歸討焉耆，詔和與伊洛率所領赴度歸，喻下柳驢以東六城。 因共擊波居羅城，拔之。 後同征龜茲，度歸令和鎮焉耆。 時柳驢戍主乙真伽將叛，和徑入其城，禽斬乙真伽。 由是西域克平，和有力焉。
After twenty years they sent envoys to Wei; the Rouran pressed them and they led their people to Gaochang. The Rouran sent chief A Ruo against He to Baili City. He first attacked Gaoning. Qi fought A Ruo and died; He gathered the rest and fled to the Former Kingdom. Juqu Anzhou held Hengjie City; He took it. He beheaded Anzhou's nephew Shu and took Gaoning and Baili. He sent a memorial reporting. Taiwu praised him and repeatedly sent sealed edicts. Later He and Former Kingdom king Che Yiluo destroyed Anzhou. Taiwu sent Wan Dugui against Yanqi; He and Yiluo were to join him and win the six cities east of Liulü. Together they attacked Bojuluo City and took it. On joint campaign against Kucha Dugui left He to hold Yanqi. Liulü garrison chief Yizhenjia was about to rebel; He entered his city and beheaded him. The Western Regions were pacified; He had a hand in it.
57
子欽，字孟真，位陝州刺史。 降爵為侯。 卒，子景宣襲爵。 卒于東都太守。
Son Qin, styled Mengzhen, was Governor of Shanzhou. His title was reduced to marquis. At death son Jingxuan inherited. He died as Administrator of the Eastern Capital.
58
契子玄達，性果毅，有父風。 與叔父和歸闕，俱為上客，封晉昌公。 獻文時，位華州刺史。 太和十六年，降為侯。 子崇，字繼祖，襲爵。
Qi's son Xuanda was resolute and bold like his father. With uncle He he came to court; both were honored guests, enfeoffed Duke of Jinchang. In Xianwen's time he was Governor of Huazhou. In Taihe 16 he was reduced to marquis. Son Chong, styled Jizu, inherited.
59
寇贊，字奉國，上穀人也，因難徙馮翊萬年。 父修之，字延期，苻堅東萊太守。 贊弟謙，有道術，太武敬重之，故追贈修之安西將軍、秦州刺史、馮翊公。 賜命服，諡曰哀公。 詔秦、雍二州為立碑墓。 又贈修之母為馮翊夫人，及宗從追贈太守、縣令、侯、子、男者十六人，其臨職者七郡、五縣。
Kou Zan, styled Fengguo, of Shanggu, moved to Wan'nian in Fengyi in hardship. Father Xiuzhi, styled Yanqi, was Donglai Administrator under Fu Jian. Brother Qian had the Way; Taiwu respected him and posthumously made Xiuzhi General Who Pacifies the West, Governor of Qin, Duke of Fengyi. Funeral robes were granted, posthumous Duke Ai. An edict had Qin and Yong erect stele and tomb. Xi's mother was made Lady of Fengyi; sixteen kin were posthumously administrators, magistrates, and nobles—seven commanderies, five counties in office.
60
贊少以清潔知名。 身長八尺，姿容嚴嶷，非禮不動。 苻堅僕射韋華，州裏高達，雖年時有異，恆以風味相待。 華為馮翊太守，召為功曹。 後除襄邑令。 姚泓滅，秦、雍人千餘家推贊為主，歸魏。 拜河南郡太守。 其後秦、雍人來奔河南、滎陽、河內者，戶至萬數，拜贊南雍州刺史、軹縣侯，於洛陽立雍州之郡縣以撫之。 由是流人繈負，自遠而至，參倍於前。 進贊爵河南公，加安南將軍，領南蠻校尉，仍刺史。 分洛、豫二州之僑郡以益之。 雖位高爵重，接待不倦。
Zan was famed young for purity. Eight feet tall, stern bearing—he would not stir outside ritual. Fu Jian's Vice Director Wei Hua, a provincial worthy, though older always treated him as an equal in taste. When Hua was Fengyi Administrator he summoned Zan as merit officer. Later he was made magistrate of Xiangyi. When Yao Hong fell more than a thousand Qin and Yong families made Zan leader and came to Wei. He was made Administrator of Henan. Later ten thousand Qin and Yong households fled to Henan, Xingyang, and Henei; Zan was Southern Yong Governor, Marquis of Zhiji, with Yong counties at Luoyang to settle them. Refugees came on backs and in slings from afar, more than double before. He rose to Duke of Henan, General Who Pacifies the South, Colonel of the Southern Man, still governor. Luoyang and Yuzhou refugee commanderies were added. Though rank was heavy he never tired of receiving people.
61
初，贊之未貴，嘗從相者唐文相。 文曰：「君額上黑子入幘，位當至方伯，封公。」 及其貴也，文以百姓禮拜謁曰：「明公憶疇昔言乎？」 延文坐曰：「往時卿言杜瓊不得官長，人咸謂不然。 及瓊為盩厔令，卿猶言相中不見，而瓊果以暴疾，未拜而終。 昔魏舒見主人兒死，自知己必至公。 吾恆以卿言瓊之驗，亦復不息此望也。」 乃賜文衣服良馬。 贊在州十七年，甚收公私之譽。 年老，求致仕。 卒，遺令薄葬，斂以時服。 太武悼惜之，諡曰宣穆。 子元寶襲爵。
Before he was noble Zan had physiognomist Tang Wen read him. Wen said, "The black mole on your brow enters the cap—you will reach regional lord, be enfeoffed duke. When he was noble Wen bowed as a commoner: "My lord, do you recall my words?" Yanwen sat and said, "You once said Du Qiong could not be chief official; all disagreed. When Qiong became Zhouzhi magistrate you said the face did not show it—yet Qiong died suddenly before taking office. Wei Shu once saw his master's son die and knew he would reach duke. I always took your judgment of Qiong as proof and never lost hope. He granted Wen robes and a fine horse. Seventeen years in the province he won public and private praise. In old age he asked to retire. At death he ordered thin burial in timely dress. Taiwu mourned him, posthumous Duke Xuanmu. Son Yuanbao inherited.
62
元寶弟臻，字仙勝。 年十二，遭父憂，居喪以孝稱。 輕財好士。 獻文末，為中川太守。 時馮熙為洛州刺史，政號貪虐，仙勝微能附之，甚得其意。 後為弘農太守。 坐受納，為御史所彈，遂廢，卒於家。
Younger brother Zhen, styled Xiansheng. At twelve he met his father's death; mourning made him famed for filial piety. He was light with wealth and fond of scholars. At the end of Xianwen he was Administrator of Zhongchuan. Feng Xi was Luozhou Governor, greedy and cruel; Xiansheng attached to him slightly and won his favor. Later Administrator of Hongnong. Convicted of bribes, impeached by the censor, dismissed, died at home.
63
子祖訓，順陽太守。 祖訓弟祖禮。 兄弟並孝友敦穆，白首同居。 父母亡雖久，猶于平生所處堂宇，備設幃帳几杖，以時節開堂列拜； 垂涕陳薦，若宗廟焉。 吉凶之事，必先啟告，遠出行反亦如之。 祖禮，宣武末為河州刺史。 在任數年，遇郤鐵匆反，又為城人詣都列其貪狀十六條。 會赦免。 久之，兼廷尉卿，又兼尚書。 畏避勢家，承顏候色，不能有所執據。 後蠻反於三鴨，為都督追討，戰歿。 贈衛大將軍、七兵尚書、雍州刺史、昌平男。 祖禮弟俊。
Son Zuxun, Administrator of Shunyang. Zuxun's younger brother Zuli. The brothers were filial, friendly, and grave; white-haired they lived together. Though parents were long dead, in their old hall they still set curtains, stools, and staffs; at seasons they opened the hall and bowed in rows; weeping they offered sacrifice as at a temple. For good or ill they always reported first; returning from travel was the same. Zuli at the end of Xuanwu was Governor of Hezhou. In office he met Xi Tiejiong's rebellion; city men also listed sixteen charges of greed at court. Amnesty spared him. Long after he was concurrently Court Commandant and Vice Director of Masters of Writing. He feared powerful houses, accommodated their moods, and could not hold principle. Later barbarians rebelled at Sanya; as commander he pursued them and died in battle. Posthumously Defender-General, Director of Seven Armies, Governor of Yong, Baron of Changping. Zuli's younger brother Jun.
64
俊字祖俊。 性寬雅，幼有識量，好學強記。 性又廉恕，不以財利為心。 家人曾賣物與人，而利得絹一匹。 俊於後知之，乃曰：「得財失行，吾所不取。」 訪主還之。 以選為孝文帝挽郎，除奉朝請。 大乘賊起，燕、趙擾亂，俊參護軍事東討，以功授員外散騎侍郎。 累遷司空府主簿。 時靈太后臨朝，減食祿官十分之一，造永寧佛寺，令俊典之。 資費巨萬，主吏不能欺隱。 寺成，又極壯麗。 靈太后嘉之，除左軍將軍。 孝昌中，朝議以國用不足，乃置鹽池都將，秩比上郡。 前後居職者多有侵隱，乃以俊為之，仍主簿。
Jun was styled Zujun. Broad and elegant by nature, from youth he had judgment, loved learning, remembered well. He was also lenient and forgiving and did not set his heart on wealth. The household once sold goods and wrongly gained one bolt of silk. When Jun learned of it later he said, "Wealth gained, conduct lost—that I will not take. He found the buyer and returned the silk. Selected as a mourning attendant for Xiaowen, he was made Court Gentleman for Attendance. When Dacheng rebels threw Yan and Zhao into turmoil, Jun served on the eastern staff and was made Supernumerary Cavalier Attendant for merit. He rose in turn to Chief Clerk in the Minister of Works office. While Empress Ling held court she cut official salaries by a tenth and built Yongning Temple, putting Jun in charge. Costs ran to tens of millions; chief clerks could not hide a thing from him. When the temple stood complete, it was magnificently grand. Empress Ling praised him and made him General of the Left Army. In Xiaochang the court, finding revenue short, established a Salt-Pool Commandant equal in rank to a superior commandery. Earlier holders had often embezzled; Jun was appointed while still chief clerk.
65
永安初，華州人史底與司徒楊椿訟田。 長史以椿勢貴，皆言椿直，欲以田給椿。 俊曰：「史底窮人，楊公橫奪其地，若欲損不足以給有餘，見使雷同，未敢聞命。」 遂以地還史底。 孝莊帝后知之，嘉俊守正不撓，拜司馬； 其附椿者咸責焉。
At the start of Yongan, Shi Di of Huazhou sued Minister of Works Yang Chun over land. The chief administrator, seeing Chun's power, all sided with him and meant to award the land to Chun. Jun said, "Shi Di is a poor man whom Lord Yang robbed. To strip the wanting to feed the full, and make me echo the crowd—I dare not obey. The land was returned to Shi Di. Xiaozhuang learned of it and praised Jun's upright refusal; he was made Marshal. Those who had sided with Chun blamed Jun.
66
二年，出為梁州刺史。 人俗荒獷，多為盜賊。 俊乃令郡縣為立庠序，勸其耕桑，敦以禮讓。 數年之中，風俗頓革。 梁遣其將曹琰之鎮魏興，繼日板築。 琰之屢擾疆場，邊人患之。 俊遣長史杜林道攻克其城，並禽琰之。 琰之即梁大將景宗之季弟也。 於是梁人懼焉。 屬魏室多故，州又僻遠，梁人知無外援，遂大兵頓魏興，志圖攻取。 俊撫厲將士，人思效命。 梁人知其得眾心也，弗之敢逼。 俊在州清苦，不事產業，其子等並徒步而還。 吏人送俊，留連於道，久之乃得出界。
In year two he went out as Inspector of Liang. Custom was wild; banditry was common. He ordered schools built, urged farming and sericulture, and taught courtesy and yielding. Within years custom was transformed. Liang sent Cao Yanzhi to hold Weixing, raising ramparts daily. Yanzhi harried the frontier; border folk suffered. Jun sent Chief Administrator Du Lindao to take the city and capture Yanzhi. Yanzhi was youngest brother to Liang's great general Xiao Jingzong. The Liang were afraid. With Wei in turmoil and the province remote, Liang knew no aid would come and massed at Weixing to take it. Jun comforted his troops; all wished to die for him. Knowing he held the army's hearts, Liang did not dare press him. Jun lived plainly in the province, built no estates; his sons walked home on foot. Officials and people escorted him, lingering on the road long before he left the border.
67
大統三年，東魏授俊洛州刺史，俊因此乃謀歸闕。 五年，將家及親屬四百口入關，拜秘書監。 時軍國草創，墳典散逸，俊始選置令史，抄集經籍，四部群書，稍得周備。 加鎮東將軍，封安西縣男。 十七年，加散騎常侍，遂稱篤疾，不復朝覲。 恭帝三年，賜姓若口引氏。 孝閔帝踐阼，進爵為子。 武成元年，進驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。
In Datong year three Eastern Wei made him Inspector of Luoyang; he plotted to return to court. In year five he brought family and four hundred kin through the Pass and was made Director of the Secretariat. With the state newly founded and classics scattered, Jun chose clerks to copy books; the four divisions grew fairly complete. He was made General Who Pacifies the East and Baron of Anxi. In year seventeen he was made Supernumerary Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary, then pleaded grave illness and stopped attending court. In Gongdi year three he was granted the surname Ruokouyin. When Xiaomin took the throne his rank rose to viscount. In Wucheng year one he was made Grand General of Agile Cavalry and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with Three-Duke rites.
68
俊年齒雖高，而志識未衰。 教授子孫，必先典禮。 明帝尚儒重德，特欽賞之，數加思賜，思與相見。 俊不得已，乃入朝，帝與同席而坐，顧訪洛陽故事。 俊身長八尺，須鬢皓然，容止端詳，音韻清朗。 帝與之談論，不覺屢為之前膝。 及俊辭還，帝親執其手，曰：「公年德俱尊，朕所欽尚。 乞言之事，所望於公。 宜數相見，以慰虛想。」 以禦輿令於帝前乘出。 顧謂左右曰：「如此事，唯積善者可以致之。 何止見重於今，亦將傳之萬古。」 時人咸以為榮。 卒年八十二。 武帝嘆惜之，贈本官，加冀定瀛三州諸軍事、冀州刺史，諡曰元。
Though old, his mind had not declined. Teaching sons and grandsons, he always began with ritual. Ming honored learning and virtue, admired him, sent gifts, and wished to see him. Jun entered court; the emperor shared his mat and asked about Luoyang of old. Eight feet tall, beard snow-white, bearing composed, voice clear. In talk with him the emperor, without noticing, drew his knees forward again and again. When Jun left, the emperor held his hand and said, "Your years and virtue are both honored—that is what I admire. I look to you for counsel. Come often, to ease my longing. He had the imperial carriage brought for Jun to ride out before him. He told his attendants, "Only long-accumulated goodness wins such things. More than honor today—it will live ten thousand ages. All the age called it glory. He died at eighty-two. Wu sighed, granted his former offices, added Overseer of Ji, Ding, and Ying and Inspector of Ji, posthumous name Yuan.
69
俊篤于仁義，期功之中有孤幼者，衣食豐約，並與之同。 少為司徒崔光所知，光命其子勵與俊結友。 俊每造光，常清談移日。 小宗伯盧辯以俊業行俱崇，待以師友之禮。 每有閒暇，輒詣俊宴語彌日。 恆謂人曰：「不見安西君，煩憂不遣。」 其為通人所敬重如此。 子奉，位至儀同大將軍、順陽郡守、洵州刺史、昌國縣公。
Devoted to humaneness, he shared food and clothing with orphaned kin within mourning obligation. In youth Cui Guang knew him and ordered his son Li to befriend Jun. Whenever Jun visited Guang they talked until the day was gone. Lu Bian, seeing Jun's conduct lofty, treated him as teacher and friend. In leisure he feasted and talked with Jun whole days. He said, "Without Lord Anxi, vexation never leaves. So the learned world esteemed him. Son Feng reached Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with army credentials, Shunyang Administrator, Xun Inspector, Duke of Changguo.
70
奉弟顒，少好學，最知名。 居喪哀毀。 位儀同大將軍，掌朝、布憲、典祀下大夫，小納言，濩澤郡公。
Younger brother Yong loved learning and was most famed. In mourning grief destroyed him. He held army credentials as Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, lower grand masters for court, law, and sacrifice, Junior Remonstrator, Duke of Huoze.
71
酈範，字世則，范陽涿鹿人也。 祖紹，慕容寶濮陽太守，以郡迎降，道武授兗州監軍。 父嵩，天水太守。 范，太武時，給事東宮。 太武踐阼，追錄先朝舊勳，賜爵永寧男。 以奉禮郎奉遷太武、景穆神主於太廟，進爵為子。 為征南大將軍慕容白曜司馬。 及定三齊，範多進策，白曜皆用其謀，遂表為青州刺史。 進爵為侯，加冠軍將軍，還為尚書右丞。 後除平東將軍、青州刺史，假范陽公。 范前解州還京也，夜夢陰毛拂踝。 他日說之。 時齊人有占夢者史武進云：「公豪盛于齊下矣。」 使君臨撫東秦，道光海岱，必當重牧全齊，再祿營丘矣。」 範笑答曰：「吾將為卿必驗此夢。」 果如言。 時鎮將元伊利表範與外賊交通。 孝文詔範曰：「鎮將伊利表卿造船市玉，與外賊交通，規陷卿罪，窺覦州任。 有司推驗，虛實自顯，有罪者今伏其辜矣。 卿其明為算略，勿復懷疑。」 還朝，卒京師。 諡曰穆。 子道元。
Li Fan, styled Shize, came from Zhuolu in Fanyang. Grandfather Shao was Puyang Administrator under Murong Bao; he welcomed surrender and Daowu made him Overseer of Yan. Father Song was Tianshui Administrator. In Taiwu's time Fan served the Eastern Palace. When Taiwu took the throne he recorded prior merit and made Fan Baron of Yongning. As Director of Ceremonial Offerings he escorted Taiwu and Jingmu to the temple and was advanced to viscount. He was Chief Clerk to Grand General of the South Murong Baiyao. When the Three Qi fell Fan offered many plans; Baiyao used them all and memorialized him Inspector of Qing. Advanced to marquis and Champion General, he returned Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. Later he was General Who Pacifies the East, Inspector of Qing, acting Duke of Fanyang. When Fan earlier left the province for the capital he dreamed dark hair brushed his ankle. Another day he told the dream. A Qi dream-reader, Shi Wujin, said, "My lord, your splendor already lies below Qi. When you oversee Eastern Qin and your light covers sea and Mount Tai, you will again shepherd all Qi and receive Yingqiu a second time." Fan laughed, "I will make this dream true for you." It came to pass as he said. Garrison commander Yuan Yili reported Fan trafficked with outside bandits. Xiaowen issued an edict, "Yili says you built ships and bought jade, trafficked with bandits, framed you, and coveted your province. Investigation will show truth; the guilty have paid. Plan clearly and doubt no more. He returned to court and died in the capital. Posthumous name Mu. Son Daoyuan.
72
道元字善長。 初襲爵永甯侯，例降為伯。 御史中尉李彪以道元執法清刻，自太傅掾引為書侍御史。 彪為僕射李沖所奏，道元以屬官坐免。 景明中，為冀州鎮東府長史。 刺史于勁，順皇后父也，西討關中，亦不至州，道元行事三年。 為政嚴酷，吏人畏之，奸盜逃於他境。 後試守魯陽郡，道元表立黌序，崇勸學教。 詔曰：「魯陽本以蠻人，不立大學。 今可聽之，以成良守文翁之化。」 道元在郡，山蠻伏其威名，不敢為寇。 延昌中，為東荊州刺史，威猛為政，如在冀州。 蠻人詣闕訟其刻峻，請前刺史寇祖禮。 及以遣戍兵七十人送道元還京，二人並坐免官。
Daoyuan, styled Shanchang. He first inherited Marquis of Yongning; by rule it fell to baron. Censor Li Biao, finding Daoyuan pure and severe in law, drew him from the Grand Tutor's staff as Secretary Attendant Censor. When Biao was impeached by Vice Director Li Chong, Daoyuan as subordinate was dismissed with him. In Jingming he was Chief Administrator of the Pacify-the-East office in Ji. Inspector Yu Jin was the Shun empress's father; campaigning west he never reached the province—Daoyuan ran affairs three years. Government was harsh; officials and people feared him; thieves fled elsewhere. Later acting Administrator of Luoyang, he memorialized for schools and honored learning. The edict said, "Luoyang, being barbarian country, had no great academy. Now it is permitted, to finish Wen Weng's transformation. In the commandery mountain tribes submitted to his name and did not raid. In Yanchang he was Eastern Jing Inspector; government was fierce as in Ji. Barbarians sued at court for his harsh rule and asked for former inspector Kou Zuli. Seventy garrison soldiers escorted Daoyuan to the capital; both were dismissed.
73
後為河南尹。 明帝以沃野、懷朔、薄骨律、武川、撫冥、柔玄、懷荒、禦夷諸鎮並改為州，其郡、縣、戍名，令准古城邑。 詔道元持節兼黃門侍郎，馳驛與大都督李崇籌宜置立，裁減去留。 會諸鎮叛，不果而還。 孝昌初，遣將攻揚州，刺史元法僧又于彭城反叛。 詔道元持節、兼侍中、攝行台尚書，節度諸軍，依僕射李平故事。 軍至渦陽，敗退。 道元追討，多有斬獲。 後除御史中尉。
Later he was Intendant of Henan. Ming turned garrisons Woye, Huaishuo, Bogulv, Wuchuan, Fuming, Rouxuan, Huaihuang, and Yuyi into provinces, naming counties and posts after ancient towns. He was ordered Concurrent Yellow Gate Attendant to ride post-haste with Grand Commander Li Chong to plan posts and cuts. Garrisons rebelled; he returned without result. In early Xiaochang troops attacked Yangzhou; Inspector Yuan Faseng rebelled at Pengcheng. He was ordered with staff, Concurrent Palace Attendant, acting Mobile Secretariat Director, commanding armies after Li Ping's precedent. The army reached Guoyang, was beaten, and withdrew. Daoyuan pursued and took many heads. Later he was Censor-in-Chief.
74
道元素有嚴猛之稱，權豪始頗憚之。 而不能有所糾正，聲望更損。 司州牧、汝南王悅嬖近左右丘念，常與臥起。 及選州官，多由於念。 念常匿悅第，時還其家，道元密訪知，收念付獄。 悅啟靈太后，請全念身，有敕赦之。 道元遂盡其命，因以劾悅。
Daoyuan had a name for severity; great houses at first feared him. Yet he could not correct abuses; his standing fell. Si Governor, Prince of Runan Yuan Yue, favored Qiu Nian, who slept and rose with him. Choosing provincial officials mostly went through Nian. Nian hid in Yue's house and sometimes went home; Daoyuan learned secretly, arrested him, and jailed him. Yue petitioned Empress Ling to spare Nian; an edict pardoned him. Daoyuan then executed him and impeached Yue.
75
時雍州刺史蕭寶夤反狀稍露，侍中、城陽王徽素忌道元，因諷朝廷，遣為關右大使。 寶夤慮道元圖己，遣其行台郎中郭子帙圍道元于陰盤驛亭。 亭在岡下，常食岡下之井。 既被圍，穿井十餘丈不得水。 水盡力屈，賊遂逾牆而入。 道元與其弟道闕二子俱被害。 道元瞋目叱賊，厲聲而死。 寶夤猶遣斂其父子，殯于長安城東。 事平，喪還，贈吏部尚書、冀州刺史、安定縣男。 111111111
Yong Inspector Xiao Baoyin's revolt showed signs; Palace Attendant Prince of Chengyang Hui, resenting Daoyuan, urged sending him as envoy west of the Pass. Baoyin feared Daoyuan and sent secretariat gentleman Guo Zixia to surround him at Yinpan Post. The post lay below a hill; they drank from the hill's well. Besieged, they dug the well ten-plus zhang deep and found no water. Water gone, strength spent, rebels scaled the wall. Daoyuan, younger brother Daolüe, and two sons were all killed. Daoyuan glared and cursed the rebels aloud, and died with his voice still fierce. Baoyin still sent men to bury father and sons east of Chang'an. When order returned the coffin came home; he was posthumously Director of the Ministry of Personnel, Ji Inspector, Baron of Anding. The source text at this point is corrupt and unreadable.
76
道元好學，曆覽奇書，撰注《水經》四十卷，《本志》十三篇。 又為《七聘》及諸文皆行於世。 然兄弟不能篤睦，又多嫌忌，時論薄之。 子孝友襲。
Daoyuan loved learning, read strange books, and wrote a commentary on the Water Classic in forty scrolls and Basic Records in thirteen sections. He also wrote Seven Missions and other works, all current in the world. Yet the brothers were not harmonious and much suspicious; opinion slighted them. Son Xiaoyou inherited.
77
道元第四弟道慎，字善季，涉歷史傳，有幹局。 位正平太守，有能名。 遷長樂相。 卒，贈平州刺史。
Fourth brother Daoshen, styled Shanji, ranged histories and had administrative gift. He was Zhengping Administrator and had a name for ability. He became Chancellor of Changle. At death he was posthumously Ping Inspector.
78
道慎弟道約，字善禮，樸質遲鈍，頗愛琴書。 性多造請，好以榮利幹謁，乞丐不已，多為人所笑弄。 坎壈於世，不免饑寒。 晚曆東萊、魯陽二郡太守。 為政清靜，吏人安之。
Younger brother Daoyue, styled Shanli, was plain and slow, loving zither and books. He made many calls and begged for rank and profit without end; men laughed at him. Hard pressed in the world, he could not escape hunger and cold. Late in life he held Donglai and Luoyang. Government was quiet; officials and people were at peace.
79
范弟道峻子惲，字幼和。 好學有文才，尤長吏幹。 舉秀才，射策高第。 歷位尚書外兵郎。 行台長孫承業引為行台郎。 惲頗兼武用，恆以功名自許。 每進計於承業，多見納用。 以功賞魏昌縣子。 惲在軍啟求減身官爵，為父請贈，詔授征虜將軍、安州刺史。 惲後與唐州刺史崔元珍固守平陽。 爾硃榮稱兵赴闕，惲與元珍不從，為榮行台郎中樊子鵠陷城，被害。 所作文章，頗行於世。 撰慕容氏書，不成。
Fan's younger brother Daojun's son Yun, styled Youhe. He loved learning, had literary gift, and excelled in administration. Presented as Outstanding Talent, he ranked high in archery and policy. He was Outer Troops Gentleman in the Masters of Writing. Mobile Secretariat Chief Changsun Chengye made him secretariat gentleman. Yun also had martial gift and aimed at merit and fame. Plans offered to Chengye were mostly adopted. For merit he was Viscount of Weichang. At the army Yun asked to cut his own rank for his father's posthumous grant; the edict made father General Who Punishes the Barbarians and An Inspector. Later Yun with Tangzhou Inspector Cui Yuanzhen held Pingyang firm. Erzhu Rong marched on the capital; Yun and Yuanzhen refused and were killed when Fan Zigao took the city. His writings circulated fairly widely. He drafted a book on the Murong house but did not finish.
80
子懷則，司空長流參軍。
Son Huaize was Chief Clerk for flowing affairs in the Ministry of Works.
81
韓秀，字白武，昌黎人也。 祖宰，慕容俊謁者僕射。 父景，皇始初歸魏，拜宣威將軍、騎都尉。 秀歷位尚書郎，賜爵遂昌子。 文成稱秀聰敏清辯，才任喉舌，遂命出納王言，並掌機密。 行幸遊獵，隨侍左右。 獻文即位，轉給事中，參征南慕容白曜軍事。 延興中，尚書奏以敦煌一鎮，介遠西北，寇賊路沖，慮或不固，欲移就涼州。 群臣會議，僉以為然。 秀獨曰：「此蹙國之事，非辟土之宜。 愚謂敦煌之立，其來已久，雖鄰強寇，而兵人素習，循常置戍，足以自全。 若徙就姑臧，慮人懷異意，或貪留重遷，情不願徙。 脫引寇內侵，深為國患。 且舍遠就近，遙防有闕。 一旦廢罷，是啟戎心，則夷狄交構，互相來往。 關右荒擾，烽警不息，邊役煩興，艱難方甚。」 乃從秀議。 後為平東將軍、青州刺史。 卒，子務襲爵。
Han Xiu, styled Baiwu, came from Changli. Grandfather Zai was Chamberlain for Attendants under Murong Jun. Father Jing, at the start of Huangshi, submitted to Wei and was made General Who Proclaims Might and Cavalry Commandant. Xiu served in the Masters of Writing and was Viscount of Suichang. Wencheng called Xiu clever and clear in debate, fit for the king's voice; he issued and received words and handled secrets. On progresses and hunts he attended left and right. When Xianwen took the throne he was Palace Attendant on Baiyao's southern staff. In Yansing the Masters of Writing said Dunhuang lay far northwest on the bandit road and might not hold, and wished to move it to Liangzhou. Ministers met; all agreed. Xiu alone said, "This shrinks the state; it is not opening territory. Dunhuang was long established; though bandits neighbor it, soldiers and people are used to routine garrison—enough for defense. Moved to Guzang, men may harbor other thoughts, or cling to what they leave and refuse to go. If that draws bandits inward, the state is deeply harmed. Abandoning the far for the near leaves distant defense gaps. Once abolished, barbarian hearts awaken; Yi and Di intrigue and pass back and forth. Guanxi will run wild; beacons will not cease; frontier service will multiply and hardship grow. They followed Xiu's proposal. Later he was General Who Pacifies the East and Qing Inspector. At death son Wu inherited.
82
務字道世，性端謹，有吏幹。 為定州平北長史，頗有受納，為御史中尉李平所劾。 付廷尉，會赦免。 後除龍驤將軍、郢州刺史。 務獻七寶床、象牙席。 詔曰：「昔晉武帝焚雉頭裘，朕常嘉之。 今務所獻，亦此之流也。 奇麗之物，有乖風素，可付其家人。」 後以詐表破賊，免官。 久之，拜太中大夫，進號左將軍，卒。
Wu, styled Daoshi, was upright, careful, and capable in administration. As Dingzhou Pacify-the-North Chief Administrator he took bribes and was impeached by Censor Li Ping. Handed to the Court of Justice, he was freed by amnesty. Later he was Dragon-Prancing General and Ying Inspector. Wu presented a seven-treasure bed and ivory mat. The edict said, "Jin Emperor Wu burned the pheasant-head robe; I have always praised that. What Wu presents is of that sort. Gorgeous things violate plain custom; give them to his household. Later for falsely reporting bandit victories he was dismissed. After long time he was Grand Master of Palace Counsel and General of the Left; he died.
83
堯暄，字辟邪，上党長子人也。 本名鐘葵，後賜名暄。 祖僧賴，道武平中山，與趙郡呂含首來歸國。 暄聰了，美容貌。 為千人軍將。 太武以其恭謹，擢為中散。 後兼北部尚書。 于時始立三長，暄為東道十三州使，更比戶籍，賜獨車一乘，廄馬四匹。 暄前後從征及出使檢案三十許度，皆有克己奉公之稱。 賞賜衣服、彩絹、奴婢等物，賜爵平陽伯。 及改置百官，授太僕卿，轉大司農。 卒于平城。 孝文為之舉哀，贈相州刺史。 初，暄至徐州，見州城樓觀，嫌其華盛，乃令往往毀徹，由是，後更損落。 及孝文幸彭城，聞之，曰：「暄猶可追斬。」 暄長子洪襲爵。
Yao Xuan, styled Bixie, came from Changzi in Shangdang. His original name was Zhongkui; later he was granted the name Xuan. Grandfather Senglai, when Daowu pacified Zhongshan, came to submit with Lü Han of Zhao. Xuan was clever and handsome. He was commander of a thousand-man army. Taiwu for respectful care promoted him to Palace Attendant. Later he was also Northern Department Director in the Masters of Writing. When the Three Chiefs were first established, Xuan was envoy to thirteen eastern provinces to revise registers and was granted a carriage and four stable horses. Before and after he followed campaigns and inspected some thirty times, all with a name for self-restraint and public service. Rewarded with clothes, silk, and slaves, he was Baron of Pingyang. When offices were reorganized he was Minister of the Imperial Stud, then Minister of Grain. He died at Pingcheng. Xiaowen mourned him and posthumously made him Xiang Inspector. Earlier at Xuzhou he disliked the towers' splendor and had them torn down; they fell further into ruin. When Xiaowen visited Pengcheng he said, "Xuan could still be pursued and beheaded. Eldest son Hong inherited.
84
洪子傑，字永壽。 元象中，開府儀同三司、樂城縣公。
Hong's son Jie, styled Yongshou. In Yuanxiang he was Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with Three-Duke rites and Duke of Lecheng.
85
洪弟遵，位臨洮太守。 卒，諡曰思。
Younger brother Zun was Lintao Administrator. At death posthumous name Si.
86
遵弟榮，位員外散騎侍郎。
Younger brother Rong was Supernumerary Cavalier Attendant.
87
子雄，字休武，少驍果，輕財重氣。 位燕州刺史、平城縣伯。 隨爾硃兆與齊神武戰，敗于廣阿，率所部據定州歸神武。 其從兄傑為兆滄州刺史，亦遣使降。 神武以其兄弟俱有誠款，使傑便為行瀛州事。 使雄代傑為瀛州刺史，進爵為公。 時禁網疏闊，官司相與聚斂。 唯雄義然後取，接下以恩，甚為吏人所懷。
Son Xiong, styled Xiuwu, was young, brave, light with wealth, heavy with spirit. He was Yan Inspector and Baron of Pingcheng. Following Erzhu Zhao against Qi Shenwu, beaten at Guang'a, he held Dingzhou and submitted to Shenwu. Cousin Jie was Zhao's Cangzhou inspector; he too sent envoys to surrender. Shenwu, seeing sincere intent in both brothers, had Jie act for Ying. He made Xiong replace Jie as Ying Inspector and advanced him to duke. The prohibition net was loose; officials amassed wealth together. Only Xiong took after righteousness; he treated subordinates kindly and was cherished.
88
魏孝武帝入關，雄為大都督。 隨高昂破賀拔勝於穰城，仍除豫州刺史。 元洪威據潁川叛。 叛人趙繼宗殺潁川太守邵招，據樂口，北應洪威。 雄討之，繼宗敗走。 城內因雄之出，據州引西魏。 雄復與行台侯景討平之。
When Wei Xiaowu entered the Pass, Xiong was Grand Commander. Following Gao Anguo he broke Heba Sheng at Rang and was made Yu Inspector. Yuan Hongwei rebelled holding Yingchuan. Rebel Zhao Jizong killed Yingchuan Administrator Shao Zhao, held Lekou, and answered Hongwei from the north. Xiong attacked; Jizong was beaten and fled. While Xiong was out the city seized the province and called in Western Wei. Xiong again with Hou Jing pacified it.
89
梁將李洪芝、王當伯襲破平鄉城，雄並禽之。 又破梁司州刺史陳慶之，復圍南荊州。 東救未至，雄陷其城。 梁以元慶和為魏王，侵擾南境。 雄大破之于南頓。 尋與行台侯景破梁楚城。 豫州人上書，更乞雄為刺史，復行豫州事。
Liang generals Li Hongzhi and Wang Dangbo took Pingxiang; Xiong captured both. He broke Liang Si Inspector Chen Qingzhi and again besieged Southern Jing. Eastern rescue had not come; Xiong took the city. Liang made Yuan Qinghe Prince of Wei to harass the south. Xiong greatly defeated him at Nandun. Soon with Hou Jing he took Liang's Chucheng. Yu men memorialized again for Xiong as inspector; he again ran Yu.
90
潁州長史賀若統執刺史田迅，據州降西魏。 詔雄與廣州刺史趙育、揚州刺史是寶，隨行台任祥攻之。 西魏將怡鋒敗祥等，育、寶各還，據城降敵。 雄收散卒，保大梁。 周文帝遣其右丞韋孝寬等攻豫州，雄都督程多寶降之。 執刺史馮邕，並雄家屬及部下妻子數千口，欲送長安。 至樂口，友外兵參軍王恆伽、都督赫連俊等從大梁邀之。 斬多寶，收雄家口還大梁。 雄別破樂口，禽丞伯，進討縣瓠。 復以雄行豫州事。 西魏以是寶為揚州刺史，據項城，義州刺史韓顯據南頓。 雄一日拔其二城，禽顯及長史嶽，寶遁走。 加驃騎大將軍、儀同三司，仍隨侯景平魯陽，復除豫州刺史。
Ying Chief Administrator He Ruo seized Inspector Tian Xun, held the province, and surrendered to Western Wei. The edict ordered Xiong with Zhao Yu of Guangzhou and Shi Bao of Yangzhou to follow Ren Xiang in attack. Western Wei general Yi Feng beat Xiang; Yu and Bao returned to their cities and surrendered. Xiong gathered scattered troops and held Daliang. Zhou Wen sent Vice Director Wei Xiaokuan to attack Yu; commander Cheng Duobao surrendered. They seized Inspector Feng Yong and Xiong's household and subordinates' wives by the thousands, bound for Chang'an. At Lekou, staff officer Wang Hengjia and commander Helian Jun intercepted from Daliang. They beheaded Duobao and brought Xiong's household back to Daliang. Xiong separately broke Lekou, captured Cheng Bo, and advanced on Xianhu. Again he was acting Yu Inspector. Western Wei made Shi Bao Yangzhou inspector at Xiangcheng; Yi Inspector Han Xian held Nandun. In one day he took both cities, captured Xian and Chief Administrator Yue; Bao fled. He was Grand General of Agile Cavalry and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with Three-Duke rites, followed Hou Jing to pacify Luoyang, and again was Yu Inspector.
91
雄雖武將，性質寬厚，為政舉其大綱而已。 在邊十年，屢有功績。 愛人物，多所施與，亦以此稱。 興和四年，卒於鄴，贈司徒，諡曰武恭。 子師嗣。
Though a martial man, Xiong was generous; in government he kept only the great outline. Ten years on the frontier brought repeated merit. He loved people and gave much away; he was praised for that too. In Xinghe year four he died at Ye; posthumously Minister of Works, posthumous name Wugong. Son Shi inherited.
92
柳崇，字僧生，河東解人也。 七世祖軌，晉廷尉卿。 崇方雅有器量，身長八尺，美須明目，兼有學行。 舉秀才，射策高第。 解褐太尉主簿，轉尚書右外兵郎中。 于時河東、河北二郡爭境。 其間有鹽池之饒，虞阪之便，守宰百姓皆恐外割； 公私朋競，紛囂台府。 孝文乃遣崇檢斷，上下息訟。 屬荊、郢新附，南寇窺擾，又詔崇持節與州郡經略，加慰喻。 還，遷太子洗馬、本郡中正。
Liu Chong, styled Sengsheng, came from Jie in Hedong. Seventh-generation ancestor Gui was Jin Director of Justice. Chong was refined and capable, eight feet tall, fine beard and bright eyes, with learning and conduct. Presented as Outstanding Talent, he ranked high in archery and policy. On leaving the sack he was Grand Minister Chief Clerk; transferred to Outer Troops Gentleman in the Masters of Writing. Hedong and Hebei disputed the border. Between them lay rich salt pools and Yufan Pass; magistrates and people feared partition. Factions competed; clamor filled the central offices. Xiaowen sent Chong to inspect and decide; lawsuits ceased above and below. As Jing and Ying were newly submitted and southern bandits watched, Chong was again ordered with staff to plan with provinces and add comfort. On return he was Heir Apparent Mentor and native commandery chief rectifier.
93
累遷河中太守。 崇初屈郡，郡人張明失馬，疑執十餘人。 崇見之，不問賊事，人別藉以溫顏，更問其親老存不，農業多少，而微察其辭色。 即獲真賊呂穆等二人，餘皆放遣。 郡中畏服，境內怗然。 卒於官，贈岐州刺史，諡曰穆。 崇所制文章，寇亂遺失。 長子慶和，性沉靜，不競于時。 位給事中、本郡中正，卒。 慶和弟楷，字士則。 身長八尺，善草書，頗涉文史。 位撫軍司馬。
He rose in turn to Hezhong Administrator. When Chong first took office, Zhang Ming lost a horse and seized more than ten suspects. Chong saw them, asked nothing of the theft, gave each a warm face, asked after parents and harvest, and watched their color. He at once had the true thieves, Lü Mu and one other; the rest were released. The commandery submitted in awe; the borders were calm. He died in office; posthumously Qi Inspector, posthumous name Mu. Writings he composed were lost in invasion. Eldest son Qinghe was calm and did not compete in the age. He was Palace Attendant and native chief rectifier; he died. Younger brother Kai, styled Shize. Eight feet tall, skilled in cursive script, he ranged through literature and history. He was Marshal of the Pacification Army.
94
論曰：屈遵學知機。 恆乃局量受委。 張蒲、谷渾，文武為用，人世仍顯，不亦善乎？ 公孫表初則一介見知，終以輕薄致戾。 軌始受探金之賞，末陷財利之嫌，鮮克有終，固不虛也。 張濟使于四方，有延譽之美。 李先學術嘉謀，荷遇三世。 賈彝早播時譽。 秀則不畏強禦。 竇瑾、李䐶，時曰良幹。 瑾以片言疑似，䐶以夙故猜嫌，而嬰合門之戮，良可悲也。 韓延之忠於所事，有國士之烈。 袁式取遇崔公，以博雅而重。 脩之晚著誠款。 唐和萬里慕義。 寇贊誠信見嘉。 酈范智器而達。 道元遭命，有銜須之風。 韓秀議邊，得馭遠之算。 堯暄聰察致位，禮加存沒。 構崇素業有資，器行仍世。 盛矣乎！
Commentary: Qun Zun's learning knew the turning of affairs. Heng had the measure to bear great trust. Zhang Pu and Gu Hun, civil gift and martial both employed—their houses still shine through generations; is that not well? Gong Sunbiao was first known from a single meeting; in the end lightness brought ruin. Gui first won the reward of gold probed from the vault; in the end he fell under wealth's suspicion—few keep their end; the proverb is not empty. Zhang Ji, envoy to the four directions, had the gift of extending a man's name. Li Xian excelled in learning and counsel and bore favor through three reigns. Jia Yi early spread his name through the age. Xiu then did not fear the powerful. Dou Jin and Li Xin—men of the time called them able pillars of state. Jin for a phrase held suspicious, Xin for an old grudge held in suspicion—yet both met slaughter of the whole gate; pitiable indeed. Han Yanzhi was loyal to his lord and had the fierceness of a champion of the state. Yuan Shi won meeting with Lord Cui and was esteemed for breadth and elegance. Xiuzhi in late years showed sincere intent. Tang He, ten thousand li from home, admired righteousness. Kou Zan in sincerity and faith won praise. Li Fan had wise capacity and saw his way through. Li Daoyuan met his doom with the spirit of a man who sets his teeth in his beard. Han Xiu, debating the frontier, had the calculation to hold the far. Yao Xuan rose by keen observation; rites followed him in life and death. Liu Chong's plain learning had substance; character and conduct ran through generations. Magnificent indeed!