Volume 41 Biographies 29: Yangbo, Yang Fu

楊播楊敷

Yang Bo and Yang Fu

列傳第二十九

Biographies 29

楊播子侃播弟椿椿子昱椿弟津津子遁逸謐謐弟愔燕子獻鄭頤楊敷子素孫玄感素弟約約從叔異敷叔父寬寬子文恩紀

Yang Bo's son Kan; Bo's brother Chun; Chun's son Yu and Chun's brother Jin; Jin's sons Dun, Yi, and Mi; Mi's brother Yin; Yin's son Xian; Zheng Yi; Yang Fu's son Su and Su's grandson Xuangan; Su's brother Yue; Yue's cousin Yi; Fu's uncle Kuan; and Kuan's sons Wen, En, and Ji

楊播，字延慶，弘農華陰人也。高祖結，仕慕容氏，位中山相。曾祖珍，道武時歸國，位上谷太守。祖真，河內、清河二郡太守。父懿，延興末為廣平太守，有稱績。孝文南巡，吏人頌之，徵為選部給事中，有公平譽。除安南將軍、洛州刺史，未之任，卒。贈本官，加弘農公，諡曰簡。

Yang Bo, whose style name was Yanqing, came from Huayin in Hongnong commandery. His founding ancestor Jie had served the Murong and risen to Chancellor of Zhongshan. His great-grandfather Zhen came over to the Wei during Emperor Daowu's reign and became Grand Administrator of Shanggu. His grandfather Zhen had served as Grand Administrator of both Henei and Qinghe. His father Yi, late in the Yanxing period, was Grand Administrator of Guangping and won a name for solid performance. When Emperor Wen toured the south, local officials and commoners praised him; he was summoned to the Selection Bureau as an attendant-in-ordinary and earned a reputation for impartiality. He was appointed General Who Pacifies the South and Governor of Luozhou, but died before he could take up the post. He was posthumously granted his former rank, ennobled as Duke of Hongnong, and given the posthumous name Jian.

播本字元休，孝文賜改焉。母王氏，文明太后之外姑。播少修飭，奉養盡禮。擢為中散，累遷衛尉少卿。與陽平王頤等出漠北擊蠕蠕，大致克獲。遷武衛將軍，復征蠕蠕，至居然山而還。及車駕南討，假前將軍，從至鐘離。師回，詔播為圓陣禦之。相拒再宿，軍人食盡，賊圍更急。播乃領精騎三百，曆其船大呼曰：「我今欲度，能戰者出。」遂擁而濟，賊莫敢動。賜爵華陰子。後從駕討破崔慧景、蕭愆于鄧城，進號平東將軍。時車駕耀威城沔水，上巳設宴，帝與中軍彭城王勰賭射，左衛元遙在勰朋內，而播居帝曹。遙射侯正中，籌限已滿。帝曰：「左衛籌足，右衛不得不解。」對曰：「仰恃聖恩，庶幾必爭」，於是箭正中。帝笑曰：「雖養由之妙，何復過是。」遂舉卮以賜播曰：「古人酒以養病，朕今賞卿之能，可謂古今殊也。」除太府卿，進爵為伯。

Bo had originally been styled Yuanxiu; Emperor Wen granted him the new style name. His mother, Lady Wang, was a maternal aunt by marriage of Empress Dowager Wenming. From youth Bo was careful in his conduct and fulfilled every obligation of filial care. He was promoted to palace attendant and rose through successive posts to Vice Director of the Court of the Imperial Clan. He joined the Prince of Yangping, Yi, and others on a campaign north of the desert against the Rouran and won substantial victories and spoils. He was made General of Martial Guards, campaigned against the Rouran again, and turned back after reaching Mount Juran. When the emperor marched south on campaign, Bo was given acting rank as Forward General and accompanied the army to Zhongli. On the army's withdrawal, the emperor ordered Bo to form a circular formation and hold the enemy at bay. In time, they faced each other for two nights; the soldiers' provisions were exhausted and the enemy siege grew tighter. Bo then led three hundred picked horsemen along the enemy boats and shouted, "I mean to cross now—whoever is willing to fight, come out! He forced his way across at once, and none of the enemy dared move against him. They enfeoffed him as Viscount of Huayin. Later he accompanied the emperor on campaigns that broke Cui Huijing and Xiao Yan at Dengcheng, and was promoted to General Who Pacifies the East. The emperor was then displaying his might at the Han River fortress. On the Shangsi festival a banquet was held, and the emperor wagered at archery against Xi, Prince of Pengcheng and commander of the central army. Yuan Yao of the Left Guard was in Xi's party, while Bo stood in the emperor's camp. Yao's arrow struck the target dead center, filling his tally to the limit. The emperor said, "The Left Guard has filled his tally—the Right Guard has no choice but to yield. Bo replied, "Trusting in Your Majesty's grace, I shall surely contend," and his arrow struck the center. The emperor laughed and said, "Even Yang Youzi's legendary skill could hardly surpass this. He raised a goblet and gave it to Bo, saying, "The ancients used wine to nurse illness; I now reward your skill—a gift past and present could scarcely match." He was appointed Director of the Imperial Storehouse and advanced to marquis.

後為華州刺史。至州，借人田，為御史王基所劾，除官爵，卒於家。子侃等停柩不葬，披訴積年。至熙平中，乃贈鎮西將軍、雍州刺史，並復其爵，諡曰壯。

He was later made Governor of Huazhou. After taking up his post he borrowed others' farmland; the censor Wang Ji impeached him, he was stripped of office and rank, and died at home. His son Kan and others left the coffin unburied and petitioned for redress year after year. In the Xiping period he was posthumously made General Who Guards the West and Governor of Yongzhou; his title was restored and he was given the posthumous name Zhuang.

侃字士業，頗愛琴書，尤好計畫。時播一門，貴滿朝廷，子侄早通，而侃獨不交遊，公卿罕有識者。親朋勸其出仕，侃曰：「苟有良田，何憂晚歲，但恨無才具耳。」年三十一，襲爵華陰伯。

Kan, styled Shiye, was fond of music and books and especially delighted in strategy. Bo's whole clan then filled the court with nobles, and his sons and nephews gained early preferment; Kan alone kept to himself, and few grandees even knew him. Kin and friends urged him to take office. Kan said, "With good land, why worry about one's later years? I only regret lacking the talent for it. At thirty-one he inherited the title Marquis of Huayin.

揚州刺史長孫承業請為錄事參軍。梁豫州刺史裴邃規相掩襲，密購壽春人李瓜花、袁建等令為內應。邃已纂勒兵士，慮壽春疑覺，遂謬移云：「魏始於馬頭置戍，如聞復欲修白捺舊城。若爾，便稍相侵逼。此亦須營歐陽，設交境之備。今板卒已集，唯聽信還。」佐寮咸欲以實答之，雲無修白捺意。而侃曰：「白捺小城，本非形勝，邃集兵遣移，虛構是言，得無有別圖也？」承業乃云：「錄事可造移報。」移曰：「彼之纂兵，想別有意，何為妄構白捺？他人有心，予忖度之，勿謂秦無人也。」邃得移，謂已覺，便散兵。瓜花等以期契不會，便相告發，伏辜者十數家。邃後竟襲襲壽春，入羅城而退，遂列營于黎漿、梁城，日夕鈔掠。承業乃奏侃為統軍。

Zhangsun Chengye, Governor of Yangzhou, asked him to serve as recording secretary. Pei Sui, Liang's Governor of Yuzhou, plotted a surprise attack and secretly enlisted Shouchun men such as Li Guahua and Yuan Jian as inside agents. Sui had already mustered his troops but feared Shouchun would catch on, so he sent a false dispatch: "Wei has just set a garrison at Matou, and I hear they mean to repair the old fortress at Bai'a. If that is so, our positions will gradually encroach on one another. We too must fortify Ouyang and set up defenses along the border. Carpenters and troops are already assembled—I await only your reply. Chengye's staff all wanted to answer truthfully that there was no plan to repair Bai'a. Kan said, "Bai'a is a minor post and no strategic prize in the first place. Sui has mustered troops and invented this story—can he have no other design? Chengye said, "Let the recording secretary draft the reply." The reply read, "Your mustering of troops surely serves some other purpose—why invent a story about Bai'a? Others have their designs, and I have taken their measure—do not suppose Qin has no capable men." Sui received the dispatch, concluded he had been found out, and dispersed his troops. Guahua and the others, their rendezvous having failed, turned on one another; more than ten households paid with their lives. Sui later attacked Shouchun after all, entered the outer wall and withdrew, then encamped at Lijiang and Liangcheng and raided ceaselessly. Chengye then recommended Kan for appointment as army commander.

後雍州刺史蕭寶夤據州反，隨業討之，除侃為承業行台左丞。軍次恆農，侃白承業曰：「今賊守潼關，全據形勝。須北取蒲阪，飛棹西岸，置兵死地，人有鬥心，華州之圍，可不戰而解；潼關之賊，必望風潰散。諸處既平，長安自克。愚計可錄，請為明公前驅。」承業從之，令其子子產等領騎與侃于恆農北度，便據石錐壁。乃班告曰：「今且停軍於此，以待步卒，兼觀人情向背。若送降名者，各自還村，侯台軍舉三烽火，各亦應之，以明降款。其無應烽，即是不降之村，理須殄戮。」人遂傳相告報。實未降者，亦詐舉烽，一宿之間，火光遍數百里內。圍城之寇，不測所以，各自散歸。長安平，侃頗有力焉。建義初，除岐州刺史。屬元顥內逼，詔行北中郎將。

Later Xiao Baoyin, Governor of Yongzhou, rebelled and held the province. Kan accompanied Chengye against him and was made Left Assistant of Chengye's field headquarters. The army halted at Hengnong. Kan told Chengye, "The rebels now hold Tong Pass and command every advantage of terrain. We must seize Pufan to the north, rush boats to the western bank, and place troops where they must fight for their lives—then the siege of Huazhou can be lifted without a battle; and the rebels at Tong Pass will surely break and flee at the first rumor. Once the other positions are secured, Chang'an will fall of itself. This plan is sound; let me lead the way for you. Chengye agreed and sent his son Zichan and others with cavalry to cross north of Hengnong with Kan; they at once seized the Stone Cone rampart. They then proclaimed, "We shall halt here for now to await the infantry and to observe where the people stand. Those who wish to surrender should return to their villages; when our army raises three beacon fires, each village should answer with its own fires to signal submission. Any village that does not answer with beacon fires is a village that has not submitted and must be destroyed. Word spread from village to village. Even villages that had not truly submitted lit false beacon fires; within a single night flames blazed across hundreds of li. The besiegers could not fathom what was happening and dispersed for home. When Chang'an was pacified, Kan had contributed substantially. At the opening of the Jianyi era he was made Governor of Qizhou. When Yuan Hao pressed inward from within, an edict made him acting North Central Commander.

孝莊徙河北，執侃手曰：「朕停卿蕃寄，移任此者，正為今日。但卿尊卑百口，若隨朕行，所累處大。卿可還洛，寄之後圖。」侃曰：「寧可以臣微族，頓廢君臣之義。」固求陪從。除度支尚書，兼給事黃門侍郎，敷西縣公。及車駕南還，顥令梁將陳慶之守北中城，自據南岸。有夏州義士為顥守河中渚，乃密信通款，求破橋立效。爾硃榮赴之。及橋破，應接不果，皆為顥屠。榮將為還計，欲更圖後舉。侃曰：「若今即還，人情失望，未若召發人材，唯多縛筏，間以舟楫，沿河廣布。令數百里中，皆為度勢，顥知防何處？一旦得度，必立大功。」榮大笑從之。於是爾硃兆等於馬渚諸楊南度，顥便南走。車駕入都，侃解尚書，正黃門。以濟河功，進爵濟北郡公，復除其長子師仲為秘書郎。

Emperor Xiaozhuang withdrew to Hebei, took Kan's hand, and said, "I kept you in a frontier post and moved you here precisely for this day. But your whole clan numbers a hundred mouths; if you marched with me, the burden on you would be heavy. Return to Luoyang and leave what comes next to later planning. Kan said, "How could a humble clan like mine abruptly abandon the bond between ruler and subject?" He insisted on accompanying the emperor. He was appointed Minister of Revenue and concurrent Attendant of the Yellow Gate, and enfeoffed as Duke of Fuxi County. When the emperor returned south, Hao ordered the Liang general Chen Qingzhi to hold Beizhong Fortress while he himself took the south bank. Some loyalists of Xiazhou were holding the mid-river islet for Hao; they sent secret messages offering allegiance and asked to break the bridge and prove their worth. Erzhu Rong hurried to join them. When the bridge was broken the planned link-up failed, and Hao slaughtered them all. Rong was readying a withdrawal and meant to try again later. Kan said, "If we withdraw now, men's hopes will collapse. Better to summon every able man, bind rafts in great numbers, mix in boats, and spread them widely along the river. Make it seem for hundreds of li that a crossing might come anywhere—how will Hao know where to defend? Once we cross somewhere, we are sure to win a great victory. Rong laughed and agreed. Erzhu Zhao and others then crossed south at the Horse Ford by the poplars, and Hao fled south at once. When the emperor entered the capital, Kan left the Ministry of Revenue and became regular Attendant of the Yellow Gate. For his merit in the river crossing he was advanced to Duke of Jibei commandery, and his eldest son Shizhong was again appointed secretary.

時所用錢，人多私鑄，稍就薄小，乃至風飄水浮，米斗幾直一千。侃奏聽人與官並鑄五銖，使人樂為，而俗弊得改。莊帝從之。後除侍中，加衛將軍、右光祿大夫。

The currency then in use was largely privately cast; coins grew ever thinner and lighter until they could drift on the wind and float on water, and a dou of rice cost nearly a thousand cash. Kan memorialized that private persons be allowed to cast five-zhu coins alongside the government, giving people an incentive to comply and correcting the debased custom. Emperor Zhuang approved the proposal. He was later made Palace Attendant with added rank as General of the Guard and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness on the Right.

莊帝將圖爾硃榮，侃與內弟李晞、城陽王徽、侍中李彧等咸預其謀。爾硃兆入洛，侃時休沐，遂竄歸華陰。普泰初，天光在關西，遣侃子婦父韋義遠招慰之，立盟許恕其罪。侃從兄昱恐為家禍，令侃出應，假其食言，不過一人身沒，冀全百口。侃赴之，為天光所害。太昌初，贈車騎將軍、儀同三司、幽州刺史。子純陀襲。

When Emperor Zhuang plotted against Erzhu Rong, Kan joined his brother-in-law Li Xi, the Prince of Chengyang Hui, Palace Attendant Li Yu, and others in the conspiracy. When Erzhu Zhao entered Luoyang, Kan was on leave and fled home to Huayin. Early in the Putai era Tian Guang held Guanxi and sent Kan's son's father-in-law Wei Yiyuan to summon and reassure him, swearing a covenant and promising pardon. Kan's cousin Yu, fearing ruin for the whole clan, urged him to answer the summons on the pretense that the pledge might be broken—at worst one man's life, but perhaps a hundred mouths saved. Kan went—and Tian Guang killed him. Early in the Taichang era he was posthumously made General of the Chariots and Cavalry, granted equal honor to the Three Dukes, and named Governor of Youzhou. His son Chuntuo inherited the title.

播弟椿。椿字延壽，本字仲考，孝文賜改焉。性寬謹。為內給事，與兄播並侍禁闈。後為中部法曹，折訟公正，孝文嘉之。及文明太后崩，孝文五日不食。椿諫曰：「聖人之禮，毀不滅性，從陛下欲自賢於萬代，其若宗廟何！」帝感其言，乃一進粥。轉授宮輿曹少卿，加給事中，出為豫州刺史，再遷梁州刺史。

Bo's younger brother Chun. Yang Chun, courtesy name Yanshou, had originally been styled Zhongkao until Emperor Xiaowen granted him the new name. He was by nature magnanimous and cautious. He was an Inner Attendant and, together with his elder brother Bo, served in the inner palace. Later appointed to the Central Section of the Legal Bureau, he judged cases with impartiality, and Emperor Xiaowen commended him. When Empress Dowager Wenming died, Emperor Xiaowen abstained from food for five days. Chun remonstrated: "The rites of the sages teach that mourning must not destroy one's life. If Your Majesty wishes to prove your virtue to future ages, what will become of the ancestral temple! Moved by his words, the Emperor consented to take a single bowl of gruel. He was transferred to Vice Director of the Palace Carriages Bureau and made an Attendant Within, then sent out as Governor of Yuzhou and later promoted to Governor of Liangzhou.

初，武興王楊集始降于齊，自漢中而北，規復舊土。椿貽書集始，開以利害。集始執書對使者曰：「楊使君此書，除我心腹疾。」遂來降。尋以母老解還。後兼太僕卿。

Earlier, Prince of Wuxing Yang Jishou had defected to Qi and, marching north from Hanzhong, sought to reclaim his former territory. Chun wrote to Jishou, setting out the stakes for and against. Jishou held the letter and told the envoy: "Governor Yang's letter has lifted a burden from my heart. He then submitted and returned to allegiance. Soon afterward he resigned his post and returned home on account of his mother's age. He later held the concurrent post of Grand Master of the Imperial Stud.

秦州羌呂苟兒、涇州屠各陳瞻等反，詔椿為別將，隸安西將軍元麗討之。賊守峽自固。或謀伏兵斷其出入，待糧盡攻之。或云斬山木，從火焚之。椿曰：「並非計也。賊深竄，正避死耳。今宜勒三軍勿更侵掠，賊必謂見險不前，心輕我軍，然後掩其不備，可一舉而平。」乃緩師。賊果出掠，仍以軍中驢馬餌之。銜枚夜襲，斬瞻傳首。入正太僕卿。

Lü Gou'er the Qiang of Qinzhou, Chen Zhan the Tuge of Jingzhou, and others rebelled; Chun was ordered to serve as a deputy commander under General Who Pacifies the West Yuan Li to campaign against them. The rebels entrenched themselves in the mountain passes. Some urged setting ambushes to cut off their routes and waiting until their grain was exhausted before attacking. Others suggested felling timber on the slopes and setting the hills ablaze. Chun said: "Neither approach will work. The rebels have gone deep into hiding; they only want to stay alive. We should forbid the army from further raids. The rebels will conclude that we shrink from the terrain and underestimate us. Then we can take them unawares and settle the matter in one stroke. He accordingly slowed the advance. The rebels did emerge to raid, and he let them take army donkeys and horses as bait. A night assault with men silenced by gags; they beheaded Zhan and sent his head. He was formally appointed Grand Master of the Imperial Stud.

初，獻文世有蠕蠕萬餘戶降附，居於高平、薄骨律二鎮。太和末叛走，唯有一千餘家。太中大夫王通、高平鎮將郎育等求徙置淮北，防其後叛。詔椿徙焉。椿上書，以為裔不謀夏，夷不亂華，是以先朝居之荒服之間，正欲悅近來遠。今新附者眾，若舊者見徙，新者必不安，愚謂不可。時八坐不從，遂於濟州緣河居之。及冀州元愉之難，果悉浮河赴賊，所在鈔掠，如椿所策。後除朔州刺史。在州為廷尉奏椿前為太僕卿，招引百姓，盜種牧田三百四十頃，依律處刑五歲。尚書邢巒據正始別格，奏罪應除名，注籍盜門，同籍合門不仕。宣武以親律既班，不宜雜用舊制，詔依斷，以贖論。後除定州刺史。

In Emperor Xianwen's reign more than ten thousand Rouran households submitted and were settled in the garrison-towns of Gaoping and Bogulü. Near the end of the Taihe era most rebelled and fled, leaving only a little over a thousand households. Grand Master of Palace Counsel Wang Tong, the commander of Gaoping garrison Lang Yu, and others asked that they be moved north of the Yellow River to forestall further defection. The throne ordered Chun to carry out the relocation. Chun submitted a memorial arguing that, as the saying goes, outsiders should not meddle in Central Affairs and barbarians should not disturb the heartland; the earlier court had settled them in the frontier wilds precisely to win over those nearby and attract those afar. Many newcomers have just submitted; if the older groups were moved away, the newer ones would surely grow restless. He judged the policy unwise. The Eight Highest Offices rejected his advice, and the people were settled along the Yellow River in Jizhou. When Yuan Yu's rebellion erupted in Jizhou, they all crossed the river to join the rebels and pillaged the countryside—exactly as Chun had predicted. He was later made Governor of Shuozhou. While he was in office, the Court of Judicial Review reported that as Grand Master of the Imperial Stud Chun had induced commoners to steal cultivation of 340 qing of imperial pasture—an offense carrying a five-year sentence under the code. Minister Xing Luan, citing the Zhengshi supplementary statutes, argued that Chun should be stripped of rank, his name entered in the registry of thieves, and his entire household barred from public office. Emperor Xuanwu held that with the kinship code now in force the old provisions should not apply; the throne upheld the conviction but allowed redemption by fine. He was later appointed Governor of Dingzhou.

自道武平中山，多置軍府，以相威攝。凡有八軍，軍各配兵五千，食祿主帥軍各四十六人。自中原稍定，八軍之兵漸割南戍，一軍兵才千餘，然主帥如故，費祿不少。椿表罷四軍，減其主帥百八十四人。椿在州，因修黑山道餘功，伐木私造佛寺，役兵，為御史所劾，除名。

Ever since Emperor Daowu conquered Zhongshan, numerous military garrison offices had been established to keep each other in check. There were eight armies in all, each with five thousand troops and forty-six salaried commanders per army. As the Central Plains grew settled, troops from the eight armies were steadily diverted to southern garrisons until each army mustered barely a thousand men, yet the full roster of commanders remained—a considerable drain on salaries. Chun memorialized to disband four of the armies and eliminate 184 commanderships. While serving as governor, he used leftover labor on the Heishan road to cut timber for a private Buddhist temple, conscripting soldiers for the work; the Censorate impeached him and he was struck from the roster.

後累遷為雍州刺史，進號車騎大將軍、儀同三司。尋以本官加侍中，兼尚書右僕射，為行台，節度關西諸將。遇暴疾，頻啟乞解，詔許之，以蕭寶夤代為刺史、行台。

He eventually rose to Governor of Yongzhou with the added titles General of Chariots and Cavalry and Honorary Three Dukes. He was soon made Palace Attendant as well, with concurrent appointment as Vice Director of the Secretariat Right and head of an itinerant headquarters directing the generals in Guanxi. Stricken with a sudden grave illness, he repeatedly petitioned to be relieved; the throne agreed, and Xiao Baoyin replaced him as governor and head of the itinerant headquarters.

椿還鄉里，遇子昱將還京師，使陳寶夤賞罰雲為，不依常憲，恐有異心。昱還，面啟明帝及靈太后，並不納。及寶夤邀害禦只中尉酈道元，猶上表自理，稱為椿父子所謗。

Returning home, Chun met his son Yu on his way back to the capital and sent word that Baoyin was dispensing rewards and punishments capriciously, outside normal law, and might harbor rebellious designs. Yu reported this in person to Emperor Ming and Empress Dowager Ling, but neither gave credence to the warning. Even after Baoyin had Li Daoyuan, Privy Attendant of the Imperial Clan, murdered, he memorialized in self-defense, claiming he had been slandered by Chun and his son.

建義元年，為司徒。永安初，進位太保，加侍中，給後部鼓吹。元顥入洛，椿子昱為顥禽。又椿弟順、順子仲宣、兄子侃、弟子遁並從駕河內，為顥嫌疑。以椿家世顯重，恐失人望，未及加罪。時人助其憂，或勸椿攜家避禍。椿曰：「吾內外百口，何處逃竄？正當坐任運耳。」

In the first year of the Jianyi era he became Minister of Education. Early in the Yong'an era he was promoted to Grand Mentor, made Palace Attendant, and granted the honor of rear guard ceremonial musicians. When Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, Chun's son Yu was taken captive by Hao. Chun's younger brother Shun, Shun's son Zhongxuan, his nephew Kan, and his younger brother's son Tun had all accompanied the emperor at Henei and fell under Hao's suspicion. Because the Yang family's standing was too eminent to risk public resentment, Hao held off punishing them. Sympathizers shared his anxiety, and some urged Chun to flee with his entire household. Chun said: "A household of a hundred souls—where could we possibly flee? We can only sit and accept whatever fate brings."

莊帝還宮，椿上書頻請歸老，詔聽服侍中服，賜朝服一襲、八尺床帳、幾、杖，不朝，乘安車，駕駟馬，給扶，傳詔二人，仰所在郡縣四時以禮存問安否。椿奉辭于華林園，帝下御座，執手流淚曰：「公先帝舊臣，實為元老。但高尚其志，決意不留，既難相違，深用淒切。」椿亦歔欷，欲拜，帝親執不聽。賜以絹布，給羽林衛送。群公百寮餞于城西張方橋，行路觀者莫不稱歎。椿臨行，誡子孫曰：

When Emperor Zhuang returned to the capital, Chun repeatedly petitioned to retire; the throne granted him leave to wear Palace Attendant robes, presented him with a court robe, an eight-foot bed with canopy, a table, and a staff, exempted him from court attendance, provided a comfort carriage drawn by four horses with aides to assist him, two edict-bearers to attend him, and instructed the local commandery and county to inquire after his health each season according to ritual. Chun bid farewell at Hualin Garden. The Emperor stepped down from the throne, took his hand, and wept: "You are a veteran minister of my predecessor—a true elder statesman. Yet you hold to your high principles and are determined to leave. I cannot keep you, and the thought fills me with sorrow. Chun wept in turn and tried to bow, but the Emperor held him and would not permit it. The Emperor presented him with silk and cloth and sent Imperial Guards to escort him home. Nobles and officials gathered at Zhangfang Bridge west of the city to see him off, and every onlooker along the road marveled. Before departing, Chun admonished his descendants:

我家入魏之始，即為上客。自爾至今，二千石方伯不絕，祿恤甚多。於親姻知故吉凶之際，必厚加贈襚；來往賓寮，必以酒肉飲食，故六姻朋友無憾焉。國家初，丈夫好服彩色。吾雖不記上谷翁時事，然記清河翁時服飾。恆見翁著布衣韋帶，常自約敕諸父曰：「汝等後世若富貴於今日者，慎勿積金一斤、彩帛百匹已上，用為富也。」不聽興生求利，又不聽與勢家作婚姻。至吾兄弟，不能遵奉。今汝等服乘漸華好，吾是以知恭儉之德，漸不如上也。又吾兄弟，若在家，必同盤而食；若有近行，不至，必待其還。亦有過中不食，忍饑相待。吾兄弟八人，今存者有三，是故不忍別食也。又願畢吾兄弟，不異居異財。汝等眼見，非為虛假。如聞汝等兄弟，時有別齋獨食者。此又不如吾等一世也。吾今日不為貧賤，然居住舍宅，不作壯麗華飾者，正慮汝等後世不賢，不能保守之，將為勢家所奪。

From the day our clan entered Wei we were received as honored guests. Ever since, no generation has lacked a governor or a two-thousand-dan official; the stipends have been generous indeed. At weddings, funerals, and every turn of fortune for kin, in-laws, and old friends, we have always given lavish gifts and funerary offerings; We always regale visiting guests and colleagues with meat and wine, so that kin and friends have never had cause for complaint. In the early days of the dynasty, men favored brightly colored dress. I cannot recall the days of our Shanggu ancestor, but I do remember how our Qinghe ancestor dressed. I always saw him in plain cloth and a leather belt, and he constantly warned the elders: "If your descendants grow richer than we are today, take care never to count more than one jin of gold or a hundred bolts of colored silk as wealth. He forbade trade for profit and forbade marriages with powerful families." My own generation of brothers failed to keep these rules. Your clothes and carriages grow ever finer—I can see that frugality and restraint have declined with each generation. When we brothers were home, we always ate from a common dish; If anyone was away on a brief errand, we waited until he returned before eating. Sometimes we went hungry past midday rather than dine without the absent brother. Of us eight brothers only three survive—that is why we could not bear to eat apart. Through our entire brotherhood we never lived apart or divided our property. You saw this yourselves—it was no empty show. I hear that some among you now take separate meals in private quarters. That, too, marks a decline from our generation. I am not poor, yet I keep my house plain—not from stinginess, but because I fear unworthy descendants will not hold it and powerful families will seize it.

北都時，朝法嚴急。太和初，吾兄弟三人並居內職：兄在高祖左右，吾與津在文明太后左右。于時口敕，責諸內官，十日仰密得一事，不列便大嗔嫌。諸人多有依敕密列者，亦有太后、高祖中間傳言構間者。吾兄弟自相誡曰：「今忝二聖近臣，居母之間難，宜深慎之。又列人事，亦何容易，縱被嗔責，勿輕言。」十餘年中，不嚐言一人罪過。時大被嫌責，答曰：「臣等非不聞人語，正恐不審，仰誤聖聽，以是不敢言。」於後終以不言。蒙賞及二聖間言語，終不敢輒爾傳通。太和二十一年，吾從濟州來朝，在清徽堂豫宴。高祖謂諸貴曰：「北京之日，太后嚴明，吾每得杖。左右因此有是非言。和朕母子者，唯楊播兄弟。」遂舉爵賜兄及我酒。汝等脫若萬一蒙明主知遇，宜深慎言語，不可輕論人惡也。吾自惟文武才藝、門望姻援不勝他人。一旦位登侍中、尚書，四曆九卿，十為刺史，光祿大夫、儀同、開府、司徒、太保，津今復為司空者，正由忠謹慎口，不嚐論人之過，無貴無賤，待之以禮，以是故至此耳。聞汝等學時俗人，乃有坐待客者，有驅馳勢門者，有輕論人惡者；及見貴勝則敬重之，見貧賤則慢易之，此人行之大失，立身之大病也。汝家仕皇魏以來，高祖以下乃有七郡太守、三十二州刺史，內外顯職，時流少比。汝等若能存禮節，不為奢淫驕慢，假不勝人，足免尤誚，足成名家。吾今年始七十五，自惟氣力，尚堪朝覲天子，所以孜孜求退者，正欲使汝等知天下滿足之議，為一門法耳，非是苟求千載之名。汝等能記吾言，吾百年後終無恨矣。

When the court was at the northern capital, palace law was harsh. We three brothers all held inner posts: my elder brother at Emperor Gaozu's side, Jin and I at Empress Dowager Wenming's side, and at the beginning of Taihe. Oral edicts then charged the inner officials to uncover one secret within ten days; failure brought severe reprimand. Many complied by informing on others; some even carried tales between the Empress Dowager and Emperor Gaozu to sow discord. We warned one another: "We are intimates of both sovereigns, caught between mother and son—we must be doubly careful. Informing on others is no light matter. Even if we are scolded, we must not speak rashly. For more than ten years we never once reported anyone's fault. When harshly rebuked we answered: "It is not that we hear nothing, Your Majesty—we fear reporting what we cannot verify and misleading you. That is why we stay silent. And we held to silence to the end. As for favors granted and what passed between the Two Sages, we never dared repeat it lightly. In the twenty-first year of Taihe I came from Jizhou to court and joined the banquet at Qinghui Hall. Emperor Gaozu told the assembled nobles: "When we were at the northern capital the Empress Dowager was strict, and I was often beaten. My attendants used that to spread gossip and strife. Only the Yang Bo brothers kept peace between my mother and me. He then raised his cup and offered wine to my brother and me. If by any chance you should earn a wise sovereign's trust, guard your words closely and never lightly speak ill of others. I have never excelled others in talent, pedigree, or marriage alliances. Yet I rose in one lifetime to Attendant-in-Ordinary and Director of the Imperial Secretariat, held four of the Nine Ministers' posts, served ten times as regional inspector, and wore the titles of Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, Equal to Three Ministers, Commissioner with the Grand Seal, Minister of Works, and Grand Tutor; Jin is Minister of Works again—all because we were loyal, careful, and guarded our tongues, never once reporting another's faults, and treated everyone, high or low, with courtesy. That alone brought us here. I hear you have picked up worldly habits: some of you sit idly waiting on guests, some rush to curry favor with the powerful, and some speak lightly of others' faults; when you meet the great you defer to them, but when you meet the humble you treat them with contempt. That is a grave moral failure and a fatal flaw in how a man stands in the world. Since our house entered imperial service under the Great Wei, from Emperor Gaozu's reign down we have produced seven commandery administrators and thirty-two regional inspectors—honored posts at court and abroad that few families of the age could match. If you hold to propriety and shun extravagance, debauchery, pride, and arrogance, then even if you never surpass others you will escape reproach and preserve the family's name. I am only seventy-five, and by my strength I could still attend court. I press so hard for retirement precisely so you will learn the virtue of knowing when enough is enough and make that our family rule—not to chase a name that will last a thousand years. If you remember what I have said, I shall have no regrets after I am gone.

椿還華陰。逾年，為爾硃天光所害，時人莫不怨痛之。太昌初，贈太師、丞相、都督、冀州刺史。子昱。

Chun went back to Huayin. More than a year later Erzhu Tianguang had him killed, and all who heard of it grieved and resented the deed. Early in the Taichang era he was posthumously made Grand Preceptor, Chancellor, Commander-in-Chief, and Regional Inspector of Jizhou. His son was Yu.

昱字元略，起家廣平王懷左常侍。懷好武事，數遊獵，昱每規諫。正始中，以京兆、廣平二王國臣多縱恣，詔御史中尉崔亮窮案之，伏法都市者三十餘人，不死者悉除名，唯昱與博陵崔楷以忠諫免。後除太學博士、員外散騎侍郎。

Yu, whose style name was Yuanlue, started out as Left Regular Attendant to Huai, Prince of Guangping. Huai loved martial pursuits and often went hunting; Yu repeatedly admonished him. During Zhengshi, when retainers of the Jingzhao and Guangping princely domains ran wild, the court ordered Censor-in-Chief Cui Liang to investigate. More than thirty were executed in the capital market; the rest were struck from the rolls. Only Yu and Cui Kai of Boling were spared because they had remonstrated faithfully. He was later appointed Erudite of the Imperial Academy and Supernumerary Attendant Cavalier.

初，尚書令王肅除揚州刺史，出頓洛陽東亭。酣後，廣陽王嘉、北海王詳等與播論議競理，播不為屈。北海王顧昱曰：「尊伯性剛不伏理，大不如尊使君也。」昱對曰：「昱父道隆則從其隆，道洿則從其洿；伯父剛則不吐，柔亦不茹。」坐歎其能言。肅曰：「非此郎，何得申二父之美。」

When Wang Su, Director of the Imperial Secretariat, was appointed Regional Inspector of Yangzhou, he encamped at Luoyang's Eastern Pavilion on his way out. After the wine had gone deep, the Prince of Guangyang, Jia, the Prince of Beihai, Xiang, and others argued principles with Bo, but Bo would not yield. The Prince of Beihai turned to Yu and said, "Your uncle is stiff-necked and will not bow to reason—nothing like your father the envoy. Yu replied, "When my father's way is lofty, I follow its loftiness; when it is base, I follow its baseness. My uncle, if the truth is hard, will not spit it out; if it is soft, he will not swallow it either. Those present sighed at his wit. Su said, "Without this young man, who could have brought out the virtues of both fathers?"

延昌三年，以本官帶詹事丞。時明帝在懷抱中，至於出入，左右、乳母而已，不令宮寮聞知。昱諫曰：「陛下不以臣等凡淺，備位宮臣，太子動止，宜令翼從。自比以來，輕爾出入，進無二傅導引之美，退闕群寮陪侍之式。非所謂示人軌儀，著君臣之義。陛下若召太子，必降手敕，令臣下咸知，為後世法。」於是詔自今若非手敕，勿令兒輒出，宮臣在直者，從至萬歲門。轉太尉掾，兼中書舍人。

In the third year of Yanchang he kept his original rank and additionally served as Assistant to the Household of the Heir Apparent. Emperor Ming was still an infant in arms; when he went in or out, only attendants and wet nurses were present, and the palace staff were kept in ignorance. Yu remonstrated: "Your Majesty has honored us with posts as palace officials despite our humble merits. The crown prince's comings and goings ought to have us in attendance. Lately he has come and gone too casually: going out, he lacks the dignity of guidance by the Two Tutors; returning, he lacks the proper attendance of the assembled officials. This is not how one displays proper conduct to the world or makes the bond between ruler and minister visible. If Your Majesty summons the crown prince, issue a handwritten edict so that all officials know of it and later ages may take it as precedent. An edict followed: henceforth the child was not to leave the palace without a handwritten edict, and palace officials on duty were to accompany him as far as the Gate of Myriad Years. He moved to Secretary of the Grand Commandant and concurrently served as Palace Secretary of the Secretariat.

靈太后嘗謂昱曰：「親姻在外，不稱人心，卿有所聞，慎勿諱隱。」昱奏揚州刺史李崇五車載貨，恆州刺史楊鈞造銀食器十具，並餉領軍元叉。靈太后令召叉夫妻，泣而責之。叉深恨昱。昱第六叔舒妻，武昌王和之妹，和即叉之從祖父。舒早喪，有一男六女，及終喪，元氏請別居。昱父椿集親姻泣謂曰：「我弟不幸早終，今男未婚，女未嫁，何便求別居？」不聽。遂懷憾。神龜二年，瀛州人劉宣明謀反，事覺逃竄。叉使和及元氏誣告昱藏宣明，雲昱父椿、叔津並送甲仗三百具，謀圖不逞。叉又構成其事。乃遣夜圍昱宅收之，並無所獲。太后問狀。昱具對元氏構釁之端，言至哀切。太后乃解昱縛，和及元氏並處死刑。而叉相左右，和直免官，元氏卒亦不坐。及叉之廢太后也，乃出昱為濟陰內史。中山王熙起兵於鄴，叉遣黃門盧同詣鄴刑熙，並窮黨與。同希叉旨，就郡鎖昱赴鄴，囚訊百日乃還任。

Empress Ling once told Yu, "Our kin by marriage who serve in the provinces have lost the people's trust. If you hear anything, do not hide it from me. Yu reported that Li Chong, Regional Inspector of Yangzhou, had sent five cartloads of goods, and Yang Jun, Regional Inspector of Hengzhou, had made ten sets of silver tableware—all as gifts to Yuan Cha, Director of the Guards. Empress Ling had Cha and his wife summoned and rebuked them through tears. Cha came to hate Yu bitterly. The wife of Yu's sixth uncle Shu was the sister of He, Prince of Wuchang, who was Cha's first cousin once removed. Shu died young, leaving one son and six daughters. When mourning ended, the Yuan widow asked to set up a separate household. Yu's father Chun gathered the family, weeping, and said, "My brother died too young. The boy is still unmarried and the girls unwed—how can you ask to live apart so soon? She would not listen. She nursed a grudge from that day. In the second year of Shengui, Liu Xuanming of Yingzhou plotted rebellion; when the plot was discovered he fled. Cha had He and the Yuan widow falsely accuse Yu of harboring Xuanming, claiming that Yu's father Chun and his uncle Jin had each sent three hundred sets of arms and armor in a plot that had failed. Cha then fabricated the case further. He sent men by night to surround Yu's house and arrest him, but they found nothing. The Empress Dowager questioned Yu about the charges. Yu gave a full account of how the Yuan widow had provoked the quarrel, speaking with such grief and earnestness that all who heard were moved. The Empress Dowager had Yu unbound and sentenced both He and the Yuan widow to death. But Cha intervened on their behalf: He was merely dismissed from office, and the Yuan woman was never punished. When Cha deposed the Empress Dowager, he had Yu transferred out to serve as Internal Administrator of Jiyin. When the Prince of Zhongshan, Xi, raised troops at Ye, Cha sent Yellow Gate Attendant Lu Tong to Ye to execute Xi and root out his associates. Eager to please Cha, Tong went to the commandery, shackled Yu, and hauled him to Ye. After a hundred days in prison and under interrogation, Yu was sent back to his post.

孝昌初，除中書侍郎，遷給事黃門侍郎。後賊圍豳州，詔昱兼侍中，持節催西北道大都督、北海王顥，仍隨軍監察。豳州圍解。雍州蜀賊張映龍、姜神達知州內虛，謀欲攻掩。刺史元修義懼而請援，一日一夜，書移九通。都督李叔仁遲疑不赴。昱曰：「若長安不守，大軍自然瓦散，此軍雖往，有何益也。」遂與叔仁等俱進，於陣斬神達，諸賊迸散。詔以昱受旨催督，而顥軍稽緩，遂免昱官。尋除涇州刺史。未幾，昱父椿為雍州，征昱除吏部郎中。及蕭寶夤等敗於關中，以昱兼七兵尚書、持節、假撫軍、都督，防守雍州。昱遇賊失利而返。後除鎮東將軍、假車騎將軍、東南道都督，又加散騎常侍。於後太山守羊侃據郡南叛，侃兄深時為徐州行台，府州咸欲禁深。昱曰：「昔叔向不以鮒也見廢，奈何以侃罪深，宜呼朝旨。」不許群議。

Early in Xiaochang he was appointed Gentleman of the Secretariat and promoted to Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate. When bandits later besieged Binzhou, Yu was made Concurrent Attendant-in-Ordinary and sent with the staff of authority to hurry the Grand Commander of the Northwest Route, Hao, Prince of Beihai, and remained with the army as inspector. The siege on Binzhou was raised. Zhang Yinglong and Jiang Shenda, Shu rebels in Yongzhou, saw that the province was undefended and planned a surprise attack. Regional Inspector Yuan Xiuyi, terrified, pleaded for help, sending nine dispatches in a single day and night. Commander Li Shuren hesitated and would not march. Yu said, "If Chang'an falls, the main army will collapse like shattered tiles. What good can this force do even if it goes? He then advanced with Shuren and the others, killed Shenda in battle, and the rebels broke and fled. Yet Hao's army was slow and tardy, and so Yu's office was removed, and an edict held that Yu had received orders to urge and supervise. He was soon appointed Regional Inspector of Jingzhou. Before long, when Yu's father Chun became Governor of Yongzhou, Yu was recalled and appointed Director in the Ministry of Personnel. After Xiao Baoyin and others were defeated in Guanzhong, Yu was made Concurrent Minister of the Seven Arms, bearer of the staff of authority, Acting Pacification General, and Commander for the defense of Yongzhou. Yu met the rebels, was defeated, and withdrew. He was later made General Who Pacifies the East, Acting General of Chariots and Cavalry, and Commander of the Southeast Route, with the additional title of Regular Attendant Cavalier. Later Yang Kan, Administrator of Taishan, rebelled and held the south of the commandery. His elder brother Shen was then Mobile Office Director of Xuzhou, and officials throughout the region wanted to detain him. Yu said, "In antiquity Shu Xiang was not dismissed because of his brother Fuyu's crime. How can we punish Shen for Kan's rebellion? We should wait for the court's order. He would not allow it.

還朝未幾，元顥侵逼大梁，除昱南道大都督，鎮滎陽。顥禽濟陰王暉業，乘虛徑進，城陷。昱與弟息五人在門樓上。顥至，執昱下，責曰：「卿今死甘心不？」答曰：「分不望生，向所以不下樓，正慮亂兵耳。但恨八十老父無人供養，乞小弟一命，便是死不朽也。」顥將陳慶之、胡光等伏顥帳前曰：「陛下度江三千里，無遺鏃費。昨日殺傷五百餘人，求乞楊昱以快意。」景曰：「我在江東聞梁主言，初下都，袁昂為吳郡不降，稱其忠節。奈何殺昱。」於是斬昱下統帥三十七人，皆令蜀兵刳腹取心食之。

Not long after he returned to court, Yuan Hao pressed toward the capital. Yu was made Grand Commander of the Southern Route and stationed at Xingyang. Hao captured the Prince of Jiyin, Huiye, then drove straight through the gap and took the city. Yu stood on the gate tower with five sons and younger brothers. When Hao arrived, he had Yu seized and brought down, and demanded, "Are you ready to die? He answered, "I expect nothing but death. I stayed on the tower only because I feared the disorder of the soldiery. I only regret that my eighty-year-old father will have no one to care for him. Spare my younger brother's life, and my death will not be in vain." Hao's generals Chen Qingzhi, Hu Guang, and others knelt before his tent and said, "Your Majesty crossed the river three thousand li without wasting a single arrow. Yesterday more than five hundred of our men were killed or wounded. We ask that Yang Yu be given to us to satisfy our wrath. Hao replied, "When I was in Jiangdong I heard the Liang emperor say that when he first took the capital, Yuan Ang, as Administrator of Wu Commandery, refused to surrender, and he was praised for his loyalty. How then can we kill Yu? Nevertheless they beheaded Yu and thirty-seven commanders who served under him, and Shu soldiers were made to cut open their bellies and eat their hearts.

孝莊還，復前官。爾硃榮之死，昱為東道行台拒爾硃仲遠。會爾硃兆入洛，昱還京師。後歸鄉里，亦為天光所害。太昌初，贈司空公、定州刺史。

When Emperor Xiaozhuang returned, Yu's former offices were restored posthumously. After Erzhu Rong's death, Yu served as Mobile Office Director of the Eastern Route to hold Erzhu Zhongyuan at bay. After Erzhu Zhao entered Luoyang, Yu returned to the capital. He later returned to his home district and was killed by Tianguang as well. Early in the Taichang era he was posthumously made Duke of the Ministry of Works and Regional Inspector of Dingzhou.

子孝邕，員外郎，奔免。匿蠻中，潛結渠率，謀報爾硃氏。微服入洛，為爾硃世隆所殺。椿弟穎，字惠哲，本州別駕。

His son Xiaoyong, a Supernumerary Gentleman, fled and escaped capture. He hid among the tribal peoples, secretly rallied their chiefs, and plotted revenge against the Erzhu clan. Disguised in common dress he entered Luoyang and was killed by Erzhu Shilong. Chun's younger brother Ying, styled Huizhe, served as Vice Administrator of the native province.

穎弟順，字延和，寬裕謹厚。豫立莊帝功，封三門縣伯，位冀州刺史。罷州還，遇害。太昌初，贈太尉公、錄尚書事、相州刺史。子辯，字僧達，位東雍州刺史。

Ying's younger brother Shun, styled Yanhe, was generous, careful, and solid in character. For his role in establishing Emperor Zhuang on the throne, he was enfeoffed as Baron of Sanmen County and appointed Regional Inspector of Jizhou. On leaving his post and returning home, he was killed. Early in the Taichang era he was posthumously made Duke of the Grand Commandant, Recorder of Affairs of the Imperial Secretariat, and Regional Inspector of Xiangzhou. His son Bian, styled Sengda, served as Regional Inspector of Eastern Yongzhou.

辯弟仲宣，有風度才學。位正平太守，爵恆農伯，在郡有能名。還京，兄弟與父同遇害。太昌初，辯贈儀同三司、恆州刺史；仲宣贈尚書右僕射、青州刺史。

Bian's younger brother Zhongxuan had fine bearing and literary talent. He served as Grand Administrator of Zhengping and held the title Baron of Hengnong, earning a reputation for competence in office. After returning to the capital, the brothers were killed together with their father. Early in the Taichang era Bian was posthumously made Equal to Three Ministers and Regional Inspector of Hengzhou; Zhongxuan was posthumously made Right Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat and Regional Inspector of Qingzhou.

仲宣子玄就，幼而俊拔。收捕時，年九歲，牽挽兵人曰：「欲害諸尊，乞先就死。」兵以刀斫斷其臂，猶請死不止，遂先殺之。永熙初，贈汝陰太守。

Zhongxuan's son Xuanjiu was precociously brilliant. When the arrests came, he was nine years old. He tugged at the soldiers and said, "If you mean to harm my elders, let me die first. A soldier hacked off his arm with a blade, yet he still begged to die. They killed him first. Early in the Yongxi era he was posthumously made Grand Administrator of Ruyin.

順弟津。津字羅漢，本字延祚，孝文賜改焉。少端謹，以器度見稱。年十一，除侍御中散。時孝文幼沖，文明太后臨朝，津曾入侍左右，忽咳逆失聲，遂吐血數升，藏之衣袖。太后聞聲，閱而不見，問其故，具以實言，遂以敬慎見知。賜縑百匹，遷符璽郎中。津以身在禁密，不外交遊，至宗族姻表罕相參侯。司徒馮誕與津少結交友，而津見其貴寵，每恆退避，及相招命，多辭疾不往。誕以為恨，而津逾遠焉。人或謂之曰：「司徒，君之少舊，何自外也？」津曰：「為勢家所厚，復何容易！但全吾今日，亦足矣。」轉振威將軍，領監曹奏事令。孝文南征，以津為都督、征南府長史。後遷長水校尉，仍直閣。

Shun's younger brother was Jin. Jin, styled Luohan, had originally been styled Yanzuo until Emperor Xiaowen granted him the new style. From youth he was upright and careful, and won praise for his bearing and magnanimity. At eleven he was appointed Attendant and Regular Palace Cadet. When suddenly a violent coughing fit robbed him of his voice, and he spat up several sheng of blood, which he hid in his sleeve, and at that time Emperor Xiaowen was still a minor and Empress Dowager Wenming held court; Jin once attended at his side. The empress dowager heard the sound, looked around but saw nothing, and asked what had happened. He told her the whole truth, and from then on was recognized for his reverence and self-restraint. He was rewarded with one hundred bolts of silk and promoted to Gentleman of the Imperial Insignia and Seals. Because Jin served in the innermost confidential posts, he kept no outside social ties, and even with clansmen and affinal kin he rarely exchanged visits. Minister over the Masses Feng Yan had been Jin's friend since youth, but Jin, seeing how favored and powerful he was, always kept his distance, and when summoned usually pleaded illness and stayed away. Feng Yan took this as a grievance, while Jin kept himself even farther away. Someone said to him, "The Minister over the Masses is an old friend of yours from youth—why keep yourself at a distance? Jin replied, "Once a powerful family has taken you under its wing, how easily can you ever get free again! Simply to preserve myself as I am today is enough." He was made General Who Exerts Authority and concurrently Supervisor of Bureau Memorial Review. On Emperor Xiaowen's southern campaign, Jin was appointed area commander and chief clerk of the southern campaign headquarters. In time, later he was promoted to Colonel of the Changshui Guard and continued as Direct Attendant.

景明中，宣武游於北芒，津時陪從。太尉、咸陽王禧謀反，帝馳入華林。時直閣中有同禧謀，皆在從限。及禧平，帝顧謂朝臣曰：「直閣半為逆黨，非至忠者安能不豫此謀。」因拜津左中郎將，遷驍騎將軍，仍直閣。

During the Jingming era, Emperor Xuanwu went on an outing to Mount Beimang, and Jin was in attendance. Grand Commandant and Prince of Xianyang, Yuan Xi, plotted rebellion, and the emperor galloped into Huaylin Park. At that time some of the Direct Attendants had joined Xi's plot, and all were within the imperial entourage. When Xi was suppressed, the emperor turned to the court officials and said, "Half the Direct Attendants were rebels. Only someone utterly loyal could have failed to be drawn into such a plot. Thereupon Jin was made Left Commandant of the Palace Guards, promoted to General of the Valiant Cavalry, and continued as Direct Attendant.

出除岐州刺史，津巨細躬親，孜孜不倦。有武功人齎絹三匹，去城十里，為賊所劫。時有使者馳驛而至，被劫人因以告之。使者到州，以狀白津。津乃下教，雲有人著某色衣，乘某色馬，在城東十里被殺，不知姓名。若有家人，可速收視。有一老母行哭而出，雲是己子。於是遣騎追收，並絹俱獲。自是闔境畏服。至於守令寮佐有濁貨者，未曾公言其罪，常以私書切責之。於是官屬感厲，莫有犯法者。以母憂去職。

Sent out as Regional Inspector of Qizhou, Jin personally attended to every detail, tireless and unwearying. A man from Wugong was carrying three bolts of silk when, ten li from the city, he was robbed by bandits. A courier happened to arrive by post-horse relay, and the robbed man told him what had happened. Once the courier arrived at the province, he reported the matter to Jin. Jin then issued an order announcing that someone wearing a certain-colored garment and riding a certain-colored horse had been killed ten li east of the city, and that his name was unknown. If he had family, they should come at once to claim the body. An old woman came out weeping, saying it was her son. He then sent horsemen in pursuit and captured both the robbers and the silk. From then on the whole jurisdiction feared and submitted to his authority. As for prefects, magistrates, and staff who took bribes, he never publicly declared their crimes but always rebuked them sharply in private letters. Thereupon the officials were moved to reform, and none violated the law. He left office to observe mourning for his mother.

延昌末，起為華州刺史，與兄播前後牧本州，當世榮之。先是，受調絹度尺特長，在事因緣，共相進退，百姓苦之。津乃令依公尺度其輸物，尤好者賜以杯酒而出；其所輸少劣者，為受之，但無酒以示其恥。於是競相勸厲，官調更勝。

At the end of the Yanji era he was recalled as Regional Inspector of Huazhou. He and his elder brother Bo in succession governed their native province, and their contemporaries regarded it as a great honor. Previously the measuring rod used for tribute silk had been made especially long, and officials colluded to exploit the difference, to the great distress of the common people. Jin then ordered that deliveries be measured by the standard rod. Those of especially fine quality he rewarded with a cup of wine and sent away; those who delivered inferior goods he still accepted, but gave no wine to mark their shame. Thereupon people competed to improve their deliveries, and official tribute rose still higher in quality.

孝昌中，北鎮擾亂，侵逼舊京，乃加津安北將軍，北道大都督，尋轉左衛，加撫軍將軍。津始受命，出據靈丘。而賊帥鮮于修禮起於博陵，定州危急，遂回師南赴。始至城下，榮壘未立，而州軍新敗。津以賊既乘勝，士眾榮疲，柵壘未安，不可擬敵，欲移軍入城，更圖後舉。刺史元固稱賊既逼城，不可示弱，乃閉門不內。津揮刃欲斬門者，軍乃得入。賊果夜至，見柵空而去。其後，賊攻州城東面，已入羅城。刺史閉小城東門，城中騷擾。津開門出戰，賊退，人心少安。尋除定州刺史，又兼吏部尚書、北道行台。初，津兄椿得罪此州，由钜鹿人趙略投書所致。及津至，略舉家逃走。津乃下教慰喻，令其還業。於是闔州愧服，遠近稱之。時賊帥鮮于修禮、杜洛周賤掠州境，孤城獨立，在兩寇之間。津修理戰具，更營雉堞。又於城中去城十步，掘地至泉，廣作地道，潛兵湧出，置爐鑄鐵，持以灌賊。賊遂相告曰：「不畏利槊堅城，唯畏楊公鐵星。」津與賊帥元洪業等書喻之，並授鐵券，許之爵位，令圖賊帥毛普賢。洪業等感寤，復書雲欲殺普賢。又云：「賊欲圍城，正為取北人，城中所有人，必須盡殺。」津以城內北人，雖是惡黨，然掌握中物，未忍便殺，但收內子城，防禁而已。將吏無不感其仁恕。朝廷初送鐵券二十枚，委津分給。津隨賊中首領，間行送之；修禮、普賢頗亦由此而死。

During the Xiaochang era the Northern Garrisons fell into turmoil and threatened the old capital. Jin was then made General Who Pacifies the North and Great Commander of the Northern Route, and soon transferred to Left Guard with the additional title General Who Pacifies the Army. After Jin received his commission, he went out and took position at Lingqiu. But the bandit chief Xianyu Xiuli rose at Boling, Dingzhou was in grave peril, and he turned his army south. When he had just reached the city, his camp was not yet established and the provincial army had just been defeated. Jin judged that with the bandits riding their victory, his troops exhausted, and his palisades not yet secure, they could not face the enemy. He wished to move his army into the city and plan another effort later. Regional Inspector Yuan Gu argued that with the bandits already at the walls they must not show weakness, and closed the gates, refusing to admit them. Jin drew his blade to strike down the gatekeepers, and only then was his army admitted. The bandits came by night, found the camp empty, and withdrew. Later the bandits attacked the eastern side of the provincial city and broke into the outer wall. The regional inspector closed the eastern gate of the inner city, and panic spread through the city. Jin opened the gate and went out to fight. The bandits retreated, and the people's spirits were somewhat restored. Soon he was appointed Regional Inspector of Dingzhou and concurrently Minister of the Ministry of Personnel and head of the Northern Route Mobile Headquarters. Earlier Jin's elder brother Chun had been condemned in this province because Zhao Liao of Julu had submitted an accusatory letter. When Jin arrived, Liao fled with his entire household. Jin then issued a reassuring proclamation and told them to return to their occupations. Thereupon the whole province was ashamed and submitted, and people near and far praised him. At that time the bandit chiefs Xianyu Xiuli and Du Luozhou plundered the province. The isolated city stood alone between the two marauders. Jin saw to the war gear and rebuilt the battlements. He also dug tunnels within the city, ten paces from the wall, down to the water table, from which troops could emerge in secret. He set up furnaces to cast molten iron and poured it down upon the bandits. The bandits then told one another, "We do not fear sharp spears or stout walls—we fear only Lord Yang's molten iron. Jin wrote letters of persuasion to the bandit chiefs Yuan Hongye and others, granted them iron certificates, promised them noble rank, and ordered them to plot against the bandit chief Mao Puxian. Hongye and the others were moved to repentance and wrote back that they wished to kill Puxian. They also wrote, "The bandits mean to besiege the city precisely to seize the northerners. Everyone in the city must be killed to the last. Jin, though the northerners in the city were a troublesome faction, could not bear to kill people already under his control. He only gathered them into the inner city and placed them under guard. Every officer and official was touched by his benevolence and forbearance. The court initially sent twenty iron certificates and entrusted Jin to distribute them. Jin sent them by secret routes to the bandit chiefs; Xiuli and Puxian largely largely died because of this too.

既而杜洛周圍州城，津盡力捍守。詔加衛將軍，將士有功者任津科賞，兵人給復八年。葛榮以司徒說津。津大怒，斬其使以絕之。自受攻圍，經歷三稔，朝廷不能拯赴。乃遣長子遁突圍出。詣蠕蠕主阿那瑰，令其討賊。遁日夜泣訴，阿那瑰遣其從祖吐豆發率精騎南出。前鋒已達廣昌，賊防塞益口，蠕蠕遂還。津長史李裔引賊入，津苦戰不敵，遂見拘執。洛周脫津衣服，置地牢下數日，將烹之。諸賊還相諫止，遂得免害。津曾與裔相見，對諸賊帥以大義責之，辭淚俱發，裔大慚。典守者以告洛周，弗之責。及葛榮並洛周，復為榮所拘。榮破，始得還洛。

Not long after Du Luozhou besieged the provincial city, and Jin defended it with all his strength. An edict added the title Guard General, authorized Jin to reward meritorious officers and soldiers at his discretion, and granted common soldiers exemption from corvée for eight years. Ge Rong tried to win Jin over with the offer of the post of Minister over the Masses. Jin was furious, beheaded the envoy, and broke off relations. From the time the siege began, three full years passed without the court being able to rescue him. He then sent his eldest son Dun to break through the encirclement. Dun went to the Rouran ruler Anagui and urged him to strike the rebels. Dun wept and pleaded day and night. Anagui sent his clansman Tudufa at the head of elite cavalry southward. The vanguard had already reached Guangchang, but the bandits blocked Yikou, and the Rouran withdrew. Jin's chief administrator Li Yi let the bandits in. Jin fought bitterly but could not prevail and was taken captive. Luozhou stripped Jin of his clothes, held him in a dungeon for several days, and was about to boil him alive. The bandits counseled one another to stop, and he escaped harm. Jin once met Yi and, before the bandit chiefs, rebuked him on grounds of righteousness until words and tears flowed together. Yi was deeply ashamed. The custodian reported this to Luozhou, who did not blame Jin. When Ge Rong absorbed Luozhou's forces, Jin was again taken captive by Ge Rong. When Ge Rong was defeated, Jin was at last able to return to Luoyang.

永安二年，兼吏部尚書。元顥內逼，莊帝將親出討，以津為中軍大都督，兼領軍將軍。未行，顥入。及顥敗，津乃入宿殿中，掃灑宮掖，遣第二子逸封閉府庫，各令防守。及帝入也，津迎於北芒，流涕謝罪。帝深嘉慰之。尋以津為司空，加侍中。爾硃榮死，使津以本官為兼尚書令、北道大行台、都督、并州刺史，委以討胡經略。津馳至鄴，將從滏口而入。遇爾硃兆等已克洛，相州刺史李神等議欲與津舉城通款，津不從。以子逸既為光州刺史，兄子昱時為東道行台，鳩率部曲，在於梁、沛，津規欲東轉，更為方略。乃率輕騎望於濟州度河。而爾硃仲遠已陷東郡，所圖不果，遂還京師。普泰元年，亦遇害於洛。太昌初，贈大將軍，太傅、都督、雍州刺史，諡曰孝穆。將葬本鄉，詔大鴻臚持節監護喪事。長子遁。

In the second year of Yongan he was made concurrent Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. When Yuan Hao pressed inward, Emperor Zhuang was about to go out in person to suppress him. Jin was made Great Commander of the Central Army and concurrently General Who Leads the Army. Before the emperor could set out, Hao entered the capital. When Hao was defeated, Jin lodged in the palace halls, swept and cleaned the inner quarters, and sent his second son Yi to seal the treasury stores, assigning guards to each. When the emperor returned, Jin met him at Mount Beimang, weeping and begging forgiveness. The emperor warmly praised him and offered comfort. Before long Jin was made Minister of Works with the additional title Palace Attendant. When Erzhu Rong died, Jin was ordered to retain his present office while also serving as concurrent Director of the Imperial Secretariat, head of the Great Northern Route Mobile Headquarters, area commander, and Regional Inspector of Bingzhou, and was entrusted with the strategy for suppressing the barbarians. Jin galloped to Ye and planning to enter through Fokou. He encountered Erzhu Zhao and others, who had already taken Luoyang. Regional Inspector of Xiangzhou Li Shen and others proposed surrendering the city and negotiating with Jin, but Jin refused. His son Yi already held Guangzhou as regional inspector and his nephew Yu headed the Eastern Route Mobile Headquarters; each had rallied personal forces in Liang and Pei. Jin planned to turn east and work out a new strategy. Next he led light cavalry toward Jizhou to cross the river. But Erzhu Zhongyuan had already taken Eastern Commandery, his plan failed, and he returned to the capital. In the first year of Putai he was also killed at Luoyang. Early in the Taichang era he was posthumously made Grand General, Grand Tutor, area commander, and Regional Inspector of Yongzhou, with the posthumous title Xiaomu. An edict ordered the Chamberlain for Dependencies to bear the staff of authority and oversee the funeral, and when he was to be buried in his native district. His eldest son was Dun.

遁字山才。其家貴顯，諸子弱冠，咸縻王爵。而遁性靜退，年近三十，方為鎮西府主簿。累遷尚書左丞、金紫光祿大夫，亦被害於洛。太昌初，贈車騎大將軍、儀同三司、幽州刺史，諡曰恭定。

Dun, — style name Shancai. His family was eminent and distinguished, and every son, once he came of age, was bound to a princely title. Dun, however, was by nature quiet and unassuming; not until he was nearly thirty did he take the post of senior clerk in the Western Pacification headquarters. He rose through repeated promotions to Left Director of the Imperial Secretariat and Grand Master of Splendor with the Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, and he too was killed at Luoyang. Early in the Taichang era he was posthumously made General of Chariots and Cavalry, Honorary Three Dukes, and Regional Inspector of Youzhou, with the posthumous title Gongding.

遁弟逸，字遵道，有當世才。起家員外散騎侍郎，以功賜爵華陰男。建義初，莊帝猶在河陽，逸獨往謁。帝特除給事黃門侍郎，領中書舍人。及朝士濫禍，帝益憂怖，詔逸晝夜陪侍，常寢御床前。帝曾夜中謂逸曰：「昨來舉目唯見異人，賴卿差以自慰。」再遷南秦州刺史，加散騎常侍，時年二十九，時方伯之少，未有先之者。仍以路阻不行，改光州刺史。時災儉連歲，逸欲以倉粟振給，而所司懼罪不敢。逸曰：「國以人為本，人以食為命，假令以此獲戾，吾所甘心。」遂出粟，然後申表。右僕射元羅以下，謂公儲難闕，並執不許。尚書令、臨淮王彧以為宜貸二萬，詔聽貸二萬。逸既出粟之後，其老小殘疾不能自存活者，又於州門造粥飼之，將死而得濟者以萬數。帝聞而善之。逸為政愛人，尤憎豪猾，廣設耳目，善惡畢聞。其兵出使下邑，皆自持糧，人或為設食者，雖在暗室，終不敢進，咸言楊使君有千里眼，那可欺之。在州政績尤美。

Dun's younger brother Yi, styled Zundao, had outstanding talent for his generation. He entered official life as Supernumerary Attendant Cavalier and, for his achievements, was granted the title Baron of Huayin. Early in the Jianyi era, when Emperor Zhuang was still at Heyang, Yi went alone to pay his respects. The emperor specially appointed him Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate and made him acting Secretary of the Central Secretariat. When court officials were being slaughtered indiscriminately, the emperor grew ever more fearful and ordered Yi to attend him day and night; Yi regularly slept at the foot of the imperial bed. The emperor once said to Yi in the middle of the night, "Lately everywhere I look I see only strangers; I depend on you, at least, for a little comfort." He was promoted again to Regional Inspector of Southern Qinzhou with the added title Regular Attendant Cavalier. He was then twenty-nine, and among the regional governors of the day, none had been so young before him. Because the roads were blocked he could not take up the post and was reassigned as Regional Inspector of Guangzhou. Disaster and famine continued year after year. Yi wished to distribute grain from the state granary for relief, but the officials in charge feared punishment and did not dare. Yi said, "The state takes people as its foundation, and people take food as their life. Even if I should be punished for this, I accept it willingly." He therefore released the grain and only afterward submitted his memorial. Right Vice Minister Yuan Luo and those below him argued that public stores could not be depleted, and all of them insisted on refusing. The Minister of the Left, the Prince of Huaiyin Yu, thought 20,000 should be loaned, and an edict approved lending 20,000. After Yi had released the grain, he also set up congee kitchens at the provincial gate for the old, the young, the disabled, and all who could not support themselves; those on the verge of death who were saved numbered in the tens of thousands. When the emperor heard of it, he approved. In governing, Yi cared for the people and especially hated the powerful and unscrupulous. He set up informants everywhere, and both good and evil reached his ears. His soldiers sent on missions to subordinate districts all carried their own provisions. Even if someone set out food for them, they would not touch it even in a dark room, all saying, "Prefect Yang has eyes that see a thousand leagues — how could anyone deceive him?" His record of governance in the province was especially fine.

及其家禍，爾硃仲遠遣使於州害之。吏人如喪親戚，城邑村落營齋供，一月之中，所在不絕。太昌初，贈都督、豫郢二州刺史，諡曰貞。

When disaster struck his family, Erzhu Zhongyuan sent envoys to the province to kill him. Officials and common people mourned him as if he had been a kinsman. In towns and villages they arranged vegetarian offerings, and for a full month such rites never ceased anywhere. Early in the Taichang era he was posthumously made area commander and Regional Inspector of Yu and Ying provinces, with the posthumous title Zhen.

逸弟謐，字遵和。曆員外散騎常侍，以功賜爵恆農伯，鎮軍將軍、金紫光祿大夫、衛將軍。在晉陽，為爾硃兆所害。太昌初，贈驃騎將軍、兗州刺史。謐弟愔，事列於後。

Yi's younger brother Mi, — style name Zunhe. He served as Supernumerary Regular Attendant Cavalier and, for his achievements, was granted the title Baron of Hengnong, along with the titles General Who Pacifies the Army, Grand Master of Splendor with the Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, and Guard General. At Jinyang, he was slain by Erzhu Zhao. Early in the Taichang era he was posthumously made General of Agile Cavalry and Regional Inspector of Yanzhou. Mi's younger brother Yin — his story is set forth below.

津弟痈，字延季。弘厚，頗有文學。位武衛將軍，加散騎常侍、安南將軍。莊帝初，遇害河陰，曾儀同三司、雍州刺史。

Jin's younger brother Yong, — style name Yanji. He was magnanimous and generous and had considerable literary learning. He held the post of General of the Martial Guard, with the added titles Regular Attendant Cavalier and General Who Pacifies the South. Early in Emperor Zhuang's reign he was killed at Heyin. He had held the titles Honorary Three Dukes and Regional Inspector of Yongzhou.

播家世純厚，為並敦議讓，昆季相事，有如父子。播性剛毅，椿、津恭謙，兄弟旦則聚於査堂，終日相對，未曾入內。有一美味，不集不食。査堂間，往往幃慢隔障，為寢息之所，時就休偃，還共談笑。椿年老，曾他處醉歸，津扶侍還室，仍假寢閣前，承候安否。椿、津年過六十，並登臺鼎；而津常旦暮參問，子侄羅列階下，椿不命坐，津不敢坐。椿每近出，或日斜不至，津不先飯；椿還，然後共食。食則津親授匙箸，味皆先嘗，椿命食，然後食。津為司空，于時府主皆自引寮佐。人有就津求官者，津曰：「此事須家兄裁之，何為見問。」初，津為肆州，椿在京宅，每有四時嘉味，輒因使次附之，若或未寄，不先入口。椿每得所寄，輒對之下泣。兄弟並皆有孫，唯椿有曾孫，年十五六矣。椿常欲為之早娶，望見玄孫。自昱已下，率多學尚，時人莫不欽焉。一家之內，男女百口，緦服同爨，庭無間言。魏世以來，唯有盧陽烏兄弟及播昆季，當世莫逮焉。

The Bo family had been pure and generous for generations, united in earnest courtesy and yielding. The brothers served one another like father and son. Bo was resolute and firm; Chun and Jin were respectful and modest. The brothers gathered each morning in the Cha Hall, facing one another all day long and never entering the inner quarters. If there was a choice dish, they would not eat until everyone was assembled. Between the halls of the Cha Hall there were often curtained screens that served as places for rest. They would occasionally withdraw to lie down, then return to talk and laugh together. When Chun grew old, once after returning drunk from elsewhere, Jin supported him back to his room, then lay down before his sleeping alcove to wait and see whether he was safe and well. Chun and Jin passed sixty and both rose to the highest offices; Yet Jin still attended morning and evening to inquire after him. Nephews and nieces lined the steps below; Chun did not tell him to sit, and Jin did not dare sit. In time, whenever Chun went out nearby, if he had not returned by sunset Jin would not eat first; They would eat together only after Chun came back. At meals Jin personally handed him spoon and chopsticks, tasted every dish first, and only ate after Chun told him to eat. When Jin was Minister of Works, department heads at that time all personally recruited their own staff. When someone came to Jin seeking an appointment, Jin said, "This matter must be decided by my elder brother — why ask me?" When Jin was first in Sizhou and Chun was at the family residence in the capital, whenever there were seasonal delicacies Jin would always have them sent with the next courier. If they had not yet arrived, he would not taste them first. Whenever Chun received what was sent, he would weep over it. All the brothers had grandsons, but only Chun had a great-grandson, already fifteen or sixteen years old. Chun always wanted to marry him off early, hoping to live to see a great-great-grandson. From Yu downward they were largely devoted to learning, and people of the time all admired them. Within one household a hundred men and women in mourning dress shared one kitchen, and in the courtyard there was never a harsh word. Since the Wei dynasty, only the brothers Lu Yangwu and the Bo brothers had equaled this; none of their contemporaries matched them.

爾硃世隆等將害椿家，誣其為逆，奏請收之。節閔不許；世隆復苦執，不得已，乃下詔。世隆遂遣步騎夜圍其宅，天光亦同日收椿于華陰，東西兩處，無少長皆遇禍，籍沒其家。節閔惋悵久之。

Erzhu Shilong and others were about to destroy the Chun family, falsely accusing them of treason and memorializing that they be seized. Emperor Jiemin would not agree; Shilong pressed hard again, and having no choice, an edict was issued. Shilong then sent infantry and cavalry to surround their residence by night. Tian Guang also seized Chun at Huayin on the same day. At east and west alike, young and old all met with disaster, and their household was confiscated. Emperor Jiemin grieved over it for a long time.

愔字遵彥，小名秦王。兒童時，口若不能言；而風度深敏，出入門閭，未嘗戲弄。六歲學史書，十一受《詩》、《易》，好《左氏春秋》。幼喪母，曾詣舅源子恭。子恭與之飲，問讀何書。曰：「誦《詩》」。子恭曰：「誦至《渭陽》未邪？」愔便號泣感噎。子恭亦對之歔欷，遂為之罷酒。子恭後謂津曰：「常謂秦王不甚察慧，從今已後，更欲刮目視之。」

Yin, style name Zunyan, known in childhood as Qinwang. As a child he seemed barely able to speak; And going in and out of the neighborhood he never played or frolicked, and yet his bearing was deeply keen. At six he studied historical records; at eleven he began the Book of Songs and the Book of Changes, and loved the Zuo Tradition to the Spring and Autumn Annals. In time, he lost his mother young and once visited his maternal uncle Yuan Zigong. Zigong shared wine with him and inquired which book he was reading. He said, "I am reciting the Book of Songs." Zigong said, "Have you recited as far as 'On the Wei Shore'? In time, " Yin at once wailed and choked with emotion. And for his sake stopped the drinking, and zigong also sighed and wept facing him. Zigong later said to Jin, "I always said Qinwang was not very bright. From now on I must look at him with new eyes."

愔一門四世同居，家甚隆盛，昆季就學者三十餘人。學庭前有柰樹，實落地，群兒咸爭之。愔頹然獨坐。其季父痈適入學館，見之，大用嗟異。顧謂賓客曰：「此兒恬裕，有我家風。」宅內有茂竹，遂為愔于林邊別葺一室，命獨處其中，常銅盤具盛饌以飯之。因以督厲諸子曰：「汝輩但如遵彥謹慎，自得竹林別室、銅盤重肉之食。」愔從父兄黃門侍郎昱特相器重，曾謂人曰：「此兒駒齒未落，已是我家龍文；更十歲後，當求之千里外。」昱嘗與十餘人賦詩，愔一覽便誦，無所遺失。及長，能清言，美音制，風神俊悟，容止可觀，人士見之，莫不敬異；有識者多以遠大許之。

Yin's branch had four generations living together. The family was very prosperous, and more than thirty brothers and cousins pursued their studies. Before the study courtyard stood a medlar tree. When the fruit fell to the ground, all the children scrambled for it. Yin sat apart, withdrawn into himself. Saw this, and was greatly astonished, and his youngest uncle Yong happened to enter the study hall. Turning to his guests he said, "This boy is calm and generous — he has our family's character." Within the residence were lush bamboos, so he built a separate room for Yin beside the grove and ordered him to live there alone, regularly serving him fine food on a bronze platter. He thereby urged and admonished the other sons, "If you are only as careful as Zunyan, you too will gain a separate room in the bamboo grove and meals of rich meats on bronze platters." Yin's older cousin Yu, Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate, especially valued him and once told others, "This boy's colt teeth have not yet fallen out, and already he is a dragon-patterned steed of our house; Ten years from now one will seek his like beyond a thousand leagues." Yu once composed poetry with more than ten men. Yin read it once and at once recited it, omitting nothing. When he grew up he could hold pure conversation, had a fine voice, was spiritually sharp and perceptive, and his appearance and bearing were admirable. Scholars who saw him all revered and marveled at him; Men of discernment often promised him a great future.

正光中，隨父之并州。性既恬默，又好山水，遂入晉陽西縣甕山讀書。孝昌初，津為定州刺史，愔亦隨父之職。以軍功除羽林監，賜爵魏昌男，不拜。及中山為杜洛周陷，全家被囚縶。未幾，洛周滅，又沒葛榮。榮欲以女妻之，又逼以偽職。愔乃托疾，密含牛血數合，於眾中吐之，仍陽喑不語。榮以為信然，乃止。永安初，還洛，拜通直散騎侍郎，年十八。

During the Zhenguang era he followed his father to Bingzhou. His nature being quiet and taciturn and his love of mountains and rivers being strong, he went to Weng Mountain in Xixian of Jinyang to study. Early in the Xiaochang era, when Jin became Regional Inspector of Dingzhou, Yin followed his father to his post. For military merit he was appointed Supervisor of the Feathered Forest Guard and granted the title Baron of Weichang, but he did not accept the appointment. When Zhongshan fell to Du Luozhou, the whole family was imprisoned. In time, before long Luozhou was destroyed and they fell into Ge Rong's hands. Rong wished to give him his daughter in marriage and also tried to force a false office on him. Yin then feigned illness, secretly held several units of ox blood in his mouth, spat it out before the crowd, and then pretended to be mute and speechless. Rong believed it was true and held back. Early in the Yong'an era he returned to Luoyang and was appointed Direct Attendant Without Regular Status at the age of eighteen.

元顥入洛時，愔從父兄侃為北中郎將，鎮河梁。愔適至侃處，便屬乘輿失守，夜至河。侃雖奉迎車駕北度，而潛南奔。愔固諫止之，遂相與扈從達建州。除通直散騎常侍。愔以世故未夷，志在潛退，乃謝病。與友人中直侍郎河間邢邵隱於嵩山。

After Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, Yin's older cousin Kan was General of the North and guarded the He Liang crossing. Yin happened to arrive at Kan's post just as the imperial carriage lost its position, and they reached the river by night. He secretly fled south, and although Kan received the imperial carriage to cross north. And together they escorted the emperor as far as Jianzhou, and yin firmly remonstrated and stopped him. They appointed him as Direct Regular Attendant Without Regular Status. In time, yin, considering that the world's troubles were not yet settled, wished to withdraw in seclusion and therefore resigned on grounds of illness. Attendant-in-Ordinary of the Central Secretariat, he retired to Mount Song, and with his friend Xing Shao of Hejian.

及莊帝誅爾硃榮，其從兄侃參贊帷幄。朝廷以其父津為并州刺史、北道大行台，愔隨之任。有邯鄲人楊寬者，求義從出籓，愔請津納之。俄而孝莊幽崩，愔時適欲還都，行達邯鄲，過楊寬家，為寬所執。至相州，見刺史劉誕，以愔名家盛德，甚相哀念，付長史慕容白澤禁止焉。遣隊主鞏榮貴防禁送都，至安陽亭，愔謂榮貴曰：「僕百世忠臣，輸誠魏室，家亡國破，一至於此。雖曰囚虜，復何面目見君父之讎！得自縊於一繩，傳首而去，君之惠也。」榮貴深相矜感，遂與俱逃。愔乃投高昂兄弟。

After Emperor Zhuang executed Erzhu Rong, his cousin Kan took part in planning within the command tent. The court appointed his father Jin Regional Inspector of Bingzhou and Grand Commissioner of the Northern Circuit, and Yin accompanied him to his post. A man of Handan named Yang Kuan sought to follow Jin in righteous service when he left for his province, and Yin asked Jin to accept him. Before long Emperor Xiaozhuang died in confinement. Yin was then on his way back to the capital; when he reached Handan and passed Yang Kuan's home, Kuan seized him. When he reached Xiangzhou and met Regional Inspector Liu Dan, Dan deeply pitied Yin as a man from an eminent family of great virtue and entrusted him to Chief Administrator Murong Baize for detention. He sent squad leader Gong Ronggui to guard and escort him to the capital. At Anyang Pavilion Yin said to Ronggui, "I am a loyal subject of a hundred generations who gave his heart to the Wei house. My family is destroyed and the state is broken — it has come to this. Though I am called a captive, how could I again face my sovereign's and my father's enemy! If I may hang myself with a single cord and send my head away, that would be your kindness. And together they fled, and " Ronggui was deeply moved with pity and sympathy. In time, yin then went to join Gao Ang and his brothers.

既潛竄累載，屬齊神武至信都，遂投刺轅門。便蒙引見，讚揚興運，陳訴家禍，言辭哀壯，涕泗橫集。神武為之改容，即署行台郎中。南攻鄴，曆楊寬村，寬于馬前叩頭請罪。愔謂曰：「人不識恩義，蓋亦常理。我不恨卿，無假驚怖。」時鄴未下，神武命愔作祭天文，燎畢而城陷。由是轉大行台右丞。于時霸圖草創，軍國務廣，文檄教令皆自愔及崔甗出。

After hiding for several years, when Gao Huan arrived at Xindu he presented his card at the camp gate. He was at once granted an audience, praised the rising fortune of the age, and recounted his family's disaster. His words were mournful and forceful, and tears streamed down his face. Gao Huan's expression changed on his account, and he immediately appointed him Director in the Grand Commissioner's office. Kuan kowtowed before the horse to beg forgiveness, and when they marched south to attack Ye and passed through Yang Kuan's village. Yin said to him, "For a man not to know gratitude and duty is, after all, only human. I bear you no grudge — do not be afraid." At that time Ye had not yet fallen. Gao Huan ordered Yin to compose a prayer to Heaven, and when the burning was finished the city fell. At that point he was transferred to Right Director of the Grand Commissioner's office. At that time the hegemonic enterprise was just being founded and military and state affairs were vast. Proclamations, orders, and instructions all issued from Yin and Cui Yan.

遭罹家難，常以喪禮自居，所食唯鹽米而已，哀毀骨立。神武湣之，常相開慰。及韓陵之戰，愔每陣先登。朋僚咸共怪歎曰：「楊氏儒生，今遂為武士，仁者必勇，定非虛論。」頃之，表請解職還葬，一門之內，贈太師、太傅、丞相、大將軍者二人；太尉、錄尚書及尚書令者三人；僕射、尚書者五人；刺史、太守者二十餘人。追榮之盛，古今未之有也。及喪柩進發，吉凶儀衛亙二十餘里，會葬者將萬人。是日，隆冬盛寒，風雪嚴厚，愔跣步號哭，見者無不哀之。尋征赴晉陽，仍居本職。

He constantly conducted himself according to mourning rites, eating only salt and rice, and his grief wore him to skin and bone, and having suffered his family's disaster. Gao Huan pitied him and often comforted him. Yin was first to charge in every engagement, and at the Battle of Hanling. Colleagues all marveled and sighed, saying, "A Yang clan scholar has now become a warrior — the benevolent must be brave; this is surely no empty saying. In time, " Before long he memorialized requesting to resign and return home for burial. Within one clan, two were posthumously granted Grand Preceptor, Grand Tutor, Chancellor, and Grand General; Grand Commandant, Supervisor of the Imperial Secretariat, ; Minister of the Left — three; In time, vice Ministers and Directors — five; In time, regional Inspectors and Grand Administrators — more than twenty. Never in antiquity or in his own day had posthumous honors reached such heights. When the funeral bier set out, the procession of mourning and ceremonial guards extended more than twenty li, and nearly ten thousand people gathered for the burial. That day, in the depth of winter with fierce cold and heavy wind and snow, Yin walked barefoot wailing. None who saw him failed to pity him. Not long after he was summoned to Jinyang and continued in his original post.

愔從兄幼卿為岐州刺史，以直言忤旨見誅。愔聞之悲懼，因哀感發疾，後取急就雁門溫湯療疾。郭季素害其能，因致書恐之曰：「高王欲送卿於帝所。」仍勸其逃亡。愔遂棄衣冠于水濱，若見沈者。變易名姓，自稱劉士安。入嵩山，與沙門曇謨征等屏居削跡。又潛之光州，因東入田橫島，以講誦為業，海隅之士謂之劉先生。太守王元景陰佑之。

In time, yin's older cousin Youqing was Regional Inspector of Qizhou and was executed for speaking bluntly against the imperial will. When Yin heard of it he grieved and feared. Grief and shock brought on illness, and later he took emergency leave to go to the hot springs at Yanmen to treat his illness. Guo Jisu, jealous of his ability, sent a letter to frighten him, saying, "Prince Gao wishes to send you to the emperor." He likewise urged him to flee. In time, yin then abandoned his hat and robes on the riverbank as if he had drowned. In time, he changed his name and called himself Liu Shi'an. He went into Mount Song and lived in seclusion with the monks Tan Mo and Zheng, effacing all trace of himself. He also secretly went to Guangzhou and then east to Tianheng Island, making lecturing and recitation his occupation. Scholars of the seacoast called him Master Liu. Wang Yuanjing, Grand Administrator, sheltered him in secret.

神武知愔存，遣愔從兄寶猗齎書慰喻；仍遣光州刺史奚思業令搜訪，以禮發遣。神武見之悅，除太原公開府司馬，轉長史，復授大行台右丞，封華陰縣侯，遷給事黃門侍郎，妻以庶女。又兼散騎常侍，為聘梁使主。至碻磝，州內有愔家舊佛寺。精廬禮拜，見太傅容像，悲感慟哭，嘔血數升，遂發病不成行，輿疾還鄴。久之，以本官兼尚書吏部郎中。武定末，以望實之美，超拜吏部尚書，加侍中、衛將軍，侍學典選如故。

When Gao Huan learned that Yin was alive, he sent Yin's older cousin Baoyi with a letter to comfort and reassure him; He likewise sent Regional Inspector of Guangzhou Xi Siye to search for him and escort him away with proper ceremony. Gao Huan was pleased to see him and appointed him Chief Administrator of the Prince of Taiyuan's headquarters, then transferred him to Chief Administrator, again granted him Right Director of the Grand Commissioner's office, enfeoffed him as Marquis of Huayin County, promoted him to Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate, and gave him a concubine's daughter in marriage. They also named him Concurrent Regular Attendant Cavalier and served as chief envoy on a mission of betrothal to Liang. Upon reaching Que'ao, within the province was an old Buddhist temple of Yin's family. In the temple shrine he performed obeisance and saw the portrait image of the Grand Tutor. Grief and anguish moved him to wail, he vomited several sheng of blood, fell ill and could not continue the journey, and was carried back to Ye in his sickbed. Later, after some time, in his original post he was additionally made Director in the Ministry of Personnel. At the end of the Wuding era, for the beauty of his reputation and substance he was promoted over others to Minister of Personnel, with the added titles Palace Attendant and Guard General, continuing to attend the emperor in study and oversee selection as before.

天保初，以本官領太子少傅，別封陽夏縣男。又詔監太史，遷尚書右僕射。尚太原長公主，即魏孝靜後也。會有雉集其舍，又拜開府儀同三司、尚書右僕射，改封華山郡公。九年，徙尚書令，又拜特進、驃騎大將軍。十年，封開封王。文宣之崩，百寮莫有下淚，愔悲不自勝。濟南嗣業，任遇益隆，朝章國命，一人而已。推誠體道，時無異議。乾明元年二月，為孝昭帝所誅，時年五十。天統末，追贈司空公。

Early in the Tianbao era, in his original post he was made Concurrent Junior Tutor to the Crown Prince and separately enfeoffed as Baron of Yangxia County. The court also ordered him to supervise the Grand Astrologer and was transferred to Right Vice Minister of the Imperial Secretariat. He married the Princess of Taiyuan, who had been the consort of Emperor Xiaojing of Wei. After pheasants gathered at his residence, at his residence, he was again granted Grand Master of the Palace with Honorary Three Dukes and Right Vice Minister of the Imperial Secretariat, and his enfeoffment was changed to Duke of Huashan Commandery. In time, in the ninth year he was transferred to Minister of the Left and again granted Special Advancement and General of Agile Cavalry. That year, in the tenth year he was enfeoffed as Prince of Kaifeng. When Emperor Wenxuan died, none of the hundred officials shed tears; Yin grieved beyond control. When the Jinan emperor succeeded to the throne, his appointment and favor grew ever greater. Court regulations and state commands rested in him alone. And at the time there was no dissent, and he extended sincerity and embodied the Way. In the second month of the first year of Qianming he was executed by Emperor Xiaozhao at the age of fifty. At the end of the Tiantong era he was posthumously granted Duke of Works.

愔貴公子，早著聲譽，風表鑒裁，為朝野所稱。家門遇禍，唯有二弟一妹及兄孫女數人。撫養孤幼，慈旨溫顏，咸出仁厚。重分義，輕貨財，前後賜與，多散之親族。群從弟侄十數人，並待而舉火。頻遭迍厄，冒履艱危，一飡之惠，酬答必重；性命之仇，舍而不問。典選二十餘年，獎擢人倫，以為已任。然取士多以言貌，時致謗言，以為愔之用人，似貧士市瓜，取其大者。愔聞，不以為意。其聰記強識，半面不忘。每有所召，或單稱姓，或單稱名，無有誤者。後有選人魯漫漢，自言猥賤，獨不見識。愔曰：「卿前在元子思坊騎禿尾草驢，經見我不下，以方麹鄣面，我何不識卿？」漫漢驚服。又調之曰：「名以定體，漫漢果自不虛。」又令吏唱人名，誤以盧士深為士琛。士深自言，愔曰：「盧郎潤朗，所以比玉。」

Yin was a nobleman's son who early gained renown. His bearing, judgment, and discernment were praised by court and countryside alike. After disaster struck his family, only two younger brothers, one sister, and several granddaughters of his elder brother remained. In time, he raised the orphaned and young with kind intent and gentle countenance — all sprang from benevolence and generosity. He valued duty and friendship and lightly regarded wealth. Gifts received before and after he mostly distributed among kinsmen. In time, more than ten younger cousins and nephews all depended on him for their livelihood. In time, having repeatedly suffered adversity and braved hardship and danger, for a single meal's kindness his repayment was always generous; He let go and did not pursue the matter, and for enemies who threatened his life. Promoting human talent as his own responsibility, and for more than twenty years he oversaw selection. Yet he selected scholars largely by speech and appearance, which at times drew slander. People said that in Yin's employment of men he was like a poor man buying melons, taking the largest. Yin heard of it he paid it no mind. His memory was keen and his retention strong — half a face seen and never forgotten. He might use surname alone or given name alone, and never made a mistake, and whenever he summoned someone. In time, later there was a candidate named Lu Manhan who said of himself that he was base and lowly and alone had not been recognized. Yin said, "You previously rode a shaggy-tailed grass donkey in Yuan Zisi Lane, passed me without dismounting, and blocked your face with a square wine-cake — how could I not recognize you? In time, " Manhan was astonished and convinced. He also teased him, saying, "A name defines the substance — Manhan indeed lives up to his name." He likewise had a clerk call out names and mistakenly called Lu Shishen Shishen. Shishen spoke up for himself. Yin said, "Master Lu is lustrous and bright — that is why I compared him to jade."

自尚公主後，衣紫羅袍、金鏤大帶。遇李庶，頗以為恥，謂曰：「我此衣服，都是內裁，既見子將，不能無愧。」

In time, after marrying the princess he wore purple gauze robes and a great belt with gold inlay. Meeting Li Shu, he was somewhat ashamed and said, "These clothes of mine were all cut in the inner palace. Now that I meet you, Master Zijiang, I cannot but feel ashamed."

及居端揆，經綜機衡，千端萬緒，神無滯用。自天保五年已後，一人喪德，維持匡救，實有賴焉。每天子臨軒，公卿拜授，施號發令，宣揚詔冊，愔辭氣溫辯，神儀秀髮，百寮觀聽，莫不悚動。自居大位，門絕私交。輕貨財，重仁義，前後賞賜，積累巨萬，散之九族；架篋之中，唯有書數千卷。太保、平原王隆之與愔鄰宅，愔嘗見其門外有富胡數人，謂左右曰：「我門前幸無此物。」性周密畏慎，恆若不足，每聞後命，愀然變色。

When he occupied the chief minister's seat, he coordinated the pivots of state. Amid thousands of threads his spirit never stalled in its work. From the fifth year of Tianbao onward, when one man lost virtue, the sustaining and remedying of the state truly depended on him. Whenever the Son of Heaven appeared at the throne hall, when dukes and ministers received appointments, when titles were issued and orders promulgated and edicts proclaimed, Yin's words were warm and eloquent and his spirit and bearing splendid. The hundred officials who watched and listened were all stirred. Private associations at his gate ceased, and once he held the highest position. He lightly regarded wealth and heavily valued benevolence and righteousness. Rewards received before and after accumulated to tens of thousands, and he distributed them among the nine clans; In time, in his shelves and cases there were only several thousand volumes of books. Grand Guardian, the Prince of Pingyuan Longzhi, was Yin's neighbor. Yin once saw several wealthy foreigners outside his gate and said to those beside him, "Fortunately there is nothing like this before my gate." His nature was thorough, cautious, and fearful. He always seemed insufficient to himself, and whenever he heard of a later appointment his countenance changed with apprehension.

文宣大漸，以常山、長廣二王位地親逼，深以後事為念。愔與尚書左僕射平秦王歸彥、侍中燕子獻、黃門侍郎鄭子默受遺詔輔政，並以二王威望先重，咸有猜忌之心。初在晉陽，以大行在殯，天子諒訚，議令常山王在東館，欲奏之事皆先諮決，二旬而止。仍欲以常山王隨梓宮之鄴，留長廣鎮晉陽。執政復生疑貳，兩王又俱從至於鄴。子獻立計。欲處太皇太后于北宮，政歸皇太后。又自天保八年已來，爵賞多濫，至是，愔先自表解其開封王，諸叨竊榮恩者皆從黜免。由是嬖寵失職之徒盡歸心二叔。高歸彥初雖同德，後尋反動，以疏忌之跡，盡告兩王。可硃渾天和又每云：「若不誅二王，少主無自安之理。」宋欽道面奏帝，稱二叔威權既重，宜速去之。帝不許曰：「可與令公共詳其事。」愔等議出二王為刺史，以帝仁慈，恐不可所奏，乃通啟皇太后，具述安危。有宮人李昌儀者，北豫州刺史高仲密之妻，坐仲密事入宮。太后與昌儀宗情，甚相昵愛。太后以啟示之，昌儀密白太皇太后。愔等又議不可令二王俱出，乃奏以長廣王為大司馬、并州刺史，常山王為太師、錄尚書事。及二王拜職，於尚書省大會百寮，愔等並將同赴。子默止之云：「事不可量，不可輕脫。」愔云：「吾等至誠體國，豈有常山拜職，有不赴之理？何為忽有此慮？」長廣旦伏家僮數十人于錄尚書後室，仍與席上勳貴數人相知，並與諸勳胄約：行酒至愔等，我各勸雙杯，彼必致辭，我一曰「捉酒」，二曰「捉酒」，三曰「何不捉，」爾輩即捉。及宴如之。愔大言曰：「諸王反逆，欲殺忠良邪！尊天子，削諸侯，赤心奉國，未應及此。」常山王欲緩之，長廣王曰：「不可。」於是愔及天和、欽道皆被拳杖亂毆擊，頭面血流，各十人持之。使薛孤延、康買執子默于尚藥局。子默曰：「不用智者言，以至於此，豈非命也！」

When Emperor Wenxuan's illness grew critical, because the Princes of Changshan and Changgung were close in rank and kinship he was deeply concerned about affairs after his death. Yin together with Left Vice Minister of the Imperial Secretariat, the Prince of Pingyuan Guiyan, Palace Attendant Yan Zixian, and Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate Zheng Zimo received the deathbed edict to assist in government. All of them, because the two princes' prestige had long been weighty, harbored suspicions. Because the late emperor's coffin was still in mourning and the Son of Heaven was in seclusion, they proposed that the Prince of Changshan stay at the Eastern Lodge and that all matters to be memorialized should first be consulted and decided — this to last twenty days, and initially at Jinyang. In time, they further wished the Prince of Changshan to follow the coffin to Ye and leave the Prince of Changgung to guard Jinyang. And both princes followed together as far as Ye, and the regents again grew doubly suspicious. Zixian worked out a plan. In time, he wished to place the Grand Empress Dowager in the Northern Palace and return government to the Empress Dowager. Furthermore, from the eighth year of Tianbao titles and rewards had been lavishly bestowed. At this time Yin first memorialized to resign his title as Prince of Kaifeng, and all who had improperly received honors were dismissed. In time, thereby those who had lost favor and office all gave their hearts to the two uncles. But later turned against them and reported all signs of estrangement and suspicion to the two princes, and gao Guiyan at first shared their purpose. Kezhu Hun Tianhe also often said, "If the two princes are not executed, the young sovereign has no means of securing himself. Saying the two uncles' authority was already heavy and they should quickly be removed, and " Song Qindao memorialized the emperor in person. The emperor did not agree and said, "This may be discussed in detail with the Minister of the Left." Yin and the others proposed sending the two princes out as regional inspectors. Because the emperor was benevolent they feared he would not approve what was memorialized, and so they sent a general report to the Empress Dowager, setting forth the situation of danger and safety in full. Wife of Gao Zhongmi, Regional Inspector of Northern Yuzhou, who entered the palace because of Zhongmi's case, and there was a palace woman named Li Changyi. In time, the Empress Dowager and Changyi were related by clan and were very intimate and fond of each other. And Changyi secretly informed the Grand Empress Dowager, and the Empress Dowager showed her the report. And memorialized that the Prince of Changgung be made Grand Marshal and Regional Inspector of Bingzhou, and the Prince of Changshan be made Grand Preceptor and Supervisor of the Imperial Secretariat, and yin and the others also argued that the two princes must not both be sent away. Once the two princes received their appointments, a great assembly of the hundred officials was held at the Imperial Secretariat, and Yin and the others were all about to attend together. Zimo stopped them, saying, "The outcome cannot be measured — one must not lightly expose oneself." Yin said, "We extend utmost sincerity and embody the state — could there be any reason not to attend when the Prince of Changshan receives his appointment? Why such sudden alarm? And also arranged with several meritorious nobles at the banquet, agreeing with the other noble scions: when wine reaches Yin and the others, each of us will urge double cups; they will certainly decline — at the first call say 'Seize the wine,' at the second 'Seize the wine,' at the third 'Why not seize?' — then you seize them, and " The Prince of Changgung had several dozen household slaves lie in wait that morning in the rear chamber of the Supervisor of the Imperial Secretariat. During the banquet it went exactly as planned. Yin cried out loudly, "Princes, you rebel and would kill the loyal and good! Serving the state with a loyal heart — this should not happen to us, and honoring the Son of Heaven and curbing the feudal lords." The Prince of Changshan wished to delay, but the Prince of Changgung said, "It cannot be." At that point Yin, Tianhe, and Qindao were all beaten with fists and clubs until their heads and faces streamed with blood; ten men each held them. In time, they had Xue Guyan and Kang Mai seize Zimo at the Bureau of Imperial Pharmacy. Zimo said, "For not heeding the words of the wise I have come to this — is it not fate!"

二叔率高歸彥、賀拔仁、斛律金擁愔等唐突入雲龍門。見都督叱利騷，招之不進，使騎殺之。開府成休寧拒門，歸彥喻之，乃得入。送愔等於御前。長廣王及歸彥在硃華門外。太皇太后臨昭陽殿，太后及帝側立。常山王以磚叩頭，進而言曰：「臣與陛下骨肉相連。楊遵彥等欲擅朝權，威福自己，自王公以還，皆重足屏氣，共相脣齒，以成亂階。若不早圖，必為宗社之害。臣與湛等為國事重，賀拔仁、斛律金等惜獻皇帝業，共執遵彥等，領入宮，未敢刑戮。專輒之失，罪合萬死。」帝時默然。領軍劉桃枝之徒陛衛，叩刀仰視，帝不睨之。太皇太后令卻仗不肯，又厲聲曰：「奴輩即今頭落！」乃卻。因問楊郎何在，賀拔仁曰：「一目已出。」太皇太后愴然曰：「楊郎何所能，留使不好邪？」乃讓帝曰：「此等懷逆，欲殺我二兒，次及我耳。何縱之？」帝猶不能言。太皇太后怒且悲，王公皆泣。太皇太后曰：「豈可使我母子受漢老嫗斟酌。」太后拜謝。常山王叩頭不止。太皇太后謂帝：「何不安慰爾叔？」帝乃曰：「天子亦不敢與叔惜，豈敢惜此漢輩！但願乞兒性命，兒自下殿去，此等任叔父處分。」遂皆斬之。長廣王以子默昔讒己，作詔書，故先拔其舌，截其手。

Heba Ren, and Hulu Jin in forcing Yin and the others to burst into the Cloud Dragon Gate, and the two uncles led Gao Guiyan. Summoned him but he would not advance, and had horsemen kill him, and they saw Commander Chil Sao. And only then could they enter, and grand Master of the Palace Cheng Xiuning barred the gate; Guiyan persuaded him. In time, they sent Yin and the others before the emperor. In time, the Prince of Changgung and Guiyan were outside the Vermilion Flower Gate. In time, the Grand Empress Dowager came to Zhaoyang Hall; the Empress Dowager and the emperor stood to one side. The Prince of Changshan knocked his head on the brick floor and stepped forward, saying, "Your subject and Your Majesty are joined in flesh and blood. Yang Zunyan and the others wished to monopolize court power and make authority and favor their own. From the princes and dukes downward all walked on tiptoe and held their breath, forming lip and teeth together to create the steps of disorder. They will surely harm the altars of state, and if we do not act early. For the weight of state affairs, and Heba Ren, Hulu Jin, and the others, cherishing the enterprise of Emperor Xian, jointly seized Zunyan and the others and led them into the palace — we have not yet dared to execute them, and your subject together with Zhan and the others. Our overstepping deserves ten thousand deaths." The emperor said nothing. Knocking their swords and looking upward; the emperor would not glance at them, and liu Taozhi of the Palace Guard and his men stood guard on the steps. The Grand Empress Dowager ordered them to withdraw their weapons but they refused; she again said fiercely, "Slaves — your heads fall this instant!" Only then did they withdraw. She then asked where Master Yang was; Heba Ren said, "One eye is already out." The Grand Empress Dowager said sorrowfully, "What could Master Yang do — was keeping him not better?" She then reproached the emperor, "These men harbored treason and wished to kill my two sons, and next it would have been me. Why let them go?" The emperor still could not find words. In time, the Grand Empress Dowager was angry and grieved; the princes and dukes all wept. The Grand Empress Dowager said, "How could I let myself and my son be at the disposal of an old Han woman. In time, " The Empress Dowager bowed in apology. The Prince of Changshan kept kowtowing without pause. The Grand Empress Dowager said to the emperor, "Why do you not comfort your uncle?" The emperor then said, "The Son of Heaven dares not spare them from his uncle — how could he spare these Han! In time, i only beg that my life be spared; your son will leave the hall himself — these men are left to my uncles' disposal." At that point they were all beheaded. Because Zimo had once slandered him in an edict, first pulled out his tongue and cut off his hands, and the Prince of Changgung.

太皇太后臨愔喪，哭曰：「楊郎忠而獲罪。」以禦金為之一眼，親內之，曰：「以表我意。」常山亦悔殺之。先是童謠曰：「白羊頭毣禿，羖腚曆頭生角。」又曰：「羊羊吃野草，不吃野草遠我道，不遠打爾腦。」又曰：「阿肼姑，禍也；道人姑夫，死也。」羊為愔也，「角」文為用刀，「道人」謂廢帝小名，太原公主嘗作尼，故曰「阿肼姑」，愔、子獻、天和皆尚帝姑，故曰「道人姑夫」云。

The Grand Empress Dowager came to Yin's funeral and wept, saying, "Master Yang was loyal yet suffered punishment." She made an eye for him from imperial gold and placed it inside him herself, saying, "To express my feelings." The Prince of Changshan likewise regretted having killed him. Bald and bare; ram's rump, horns growing on its crown, and before this there had been a children's rhyme: "White sheep's head. In time, " And: "Sheep, sheep, eat wild grass; if you don't eat wild grass, stay far from my road — if you don't stay far, I'll smash your head. In time, " And: "Auntie A'pian — disaster; In time, monk's brother-in-law — death." "Sheep" meant Yin; "horn" written with a knife meant death by the blade; "monk" referred to the deposed emperor's childhood name — the Princess of Taiyuan had once been a nun, hence "Auntie A'pian"; Yin, Zixian, ; Tianhe had all married the emperor's aunts, hence "monk's brother-in-law."

於是乃以天子之命，下詔罪之；罪止一身，家口不問。尋復簿錄五家，王晞固諫，乃各沒一房，孩幼盡死，兄弟皆除名。

At that point, by the Son of Heaven's command, an edict was issued condemning them; And their households were not investigated, and guilt was limited to the individuals themselves. Before long the registers of five families were again copied for confiscation. Wang Xi remonstrated firmly, and so only one branch of each family was confiscated — infants and young children all died, and the brothers were all stripped of their names.

遵彥死，仍以中書令趙彥深代總機務。鴻臚少卿陽休之私謂人曰：「將涉千里，殺騏驥而榮蹇驢，可悲之甚！」愔所著詩賦表奏書論甚多，誅後散失，門生鳩集所得者萬餘言。

Later, after Zunyan's death, Palace Attendant Zhao Yanshen was again appointed to oversee state affairs in his place. Superintendent of Dependencies Yang Xiuzhi privately told others, "About to travel a thousand li yet killing the fine steeds to honor the lame donkeys — how deeply lamentable!" Yin had written many poems, rhapsodies, memorials, and treatises. After his execution most were scattered and lost, but what his disciples collected amounted to more than ten thousand words.

鄭頤字子默，彭城人。高祖據，魏彭城太守，自滎陽徙焉。頤聰敏，頗涉文義，而邪險不良。初為太原公東閣祭酒。天保世，稍遷中書侍郎。與宋欽道特相友愛，欽道每師事之。楊愔始輕宋、鄭，不為之禮。俄而自結人主，稍不可制。欽道舊與濟南款狎，共相引致，無所不言。乾明初，拜散騎常侍，兼中書侍郎。二人權將楊愔相埒。愔見害之時，邢子才流涕曰：「楊令君雖其人，死日恨不得一佳伴。」頤後與愔同詔追贈殿中尚書、廣州刺史。頤弟抗，字子信，頗有文學。武平末，兼左右郎中，待詔文林館。

Zheng Yi, whose style name was Zimo, came from Pengcheng. In time, his founding ancestor Ju was Grand Administrator of Pengcheng in Wei and moved there from Xingyang. But was devious, treacherous, and wicked, and yi was clever and quick and had some literary understanding. He began his career as Libationer of the Eastern Pavilion of the Prince of Taiyuan. During the Tianbao reign he rose step by step to Attendant of the Central Secretariat. In time, he and Song Qindao were especially friendly; Qindao always treated him as a teacher. In time, yang Yin at first looked down on Song and Zheng and did not treat them with courtesy. In time, before long they attached themselves to the ruler and gradually could not be controlled. In time, qindao had long been intimate with the Jinan emperor and mutually drew each other on; there was nothing they did not speak of. In time, early in Qianming he was appointed Regular Attendant Cavalier and Concurrent Attendant of the Central Secretariat. The two men now matched Yang Yin in power. When Yin was killed, Xing Zicai wept and said, "Master Yang was indeed the man — on the day of his death he regrettably lacked a worthy companion. In time, " Later Yi was posthumously granted Director of the Palace Administration and Regional Inspector of Guangzhou by the same edict as Yin. Yi's younger brother Kang, — style name Zixin, had considerable literary learning. In time, at the end of Wuping he was made Concurrent Director of the Left and Right Bureaus and awaited orders at the Wulin Library.

楊敷，字文衍，播族孫也。高祖暉，洛州刺史，贈恆農公，諡曰簡。曾祖恩，河間太守。祖鈞，博學強識，頗有幹用。位七兵尚書、北道行台、恆州刺史、懷朔鎮將，贈侍中、司空公，進封臨貞縣伯，諡曰恭。父暄，字宣和。性通朗，強識有學。位諫議大夫，以別將從廣陽王深征葛榮，遇害。贈殿中尚書、華州刺史。

Yang Fu, style name Wenzhi, was a clansman of Bo's branch. Posthumously granted Duke of Hengnong with the posthumous title Jian, and his founding ancestor Hui was Regional Inspector of Luozhou. His great-grandfather En served as Grand Administrator of Hejian. In time, his grandfather Jun was broadly learned with a strong memory and had considerable practical ability. Grand Commissioner of the Northern Circuit, Regional Inspector of Hengzhou, and Commander of Huaishuo Garrison; posthumously granted Palace Attendant and Duke of Works, advanced in enfeoffment to Baron of Linzhen County, posthumous title Gong, and he held the posts of Minister of the Seven Arms. His father Xuan, — style name Xuanhe. With a strong memory and learning, and his nature was open and bright. Shen, in campaigning against Ge Rong, where he met with violent death, and he held the post of Remonstrance and Criticism Grandee and as a separate commander followed the Prince of Guangyang. In time, posthumously granted Director of the Palace Administration and Regional Inspector of Huazhou.

敷少有志操，重然諾，人景慕之。魏建義初，襲祖鈞爵臨貞縣伯。稍遷廷尉少卿，斷獄以平允稱。周孝閔踐阼，進爵為侯。天和中，為汾州刺史，進爵為公。齊將段孝先率眾來寇，城陷見禽。齊人方任用之，敷不為屈，遂以憂憤卒於鄴。子素。

Valued his word, and people admired him, and fu from youth had resolve and integrity. At the opening of the Jianyi era in Wei he inherited his grandfather Jun's barony of Linzhen County. In time, he was gradually promoted to Vice Director of the Court of Justice and was known for fair and even judgment in cases. His title was advanced to marquis, and when Emperor Xiaomin of Zhou ascended the throne. In time, during Tianhe he was Regional Inspector of Fenzhou and his title was advanced to duke. The city fell and he was captured, and when Qi general Duan Xiaoxian led troops to invade. But Fu would not yield and therefore died of grief and indignation at Ye, and the Qi people were about to employ him. His son was Su.

素子處道，少落拓有大志，不拘小節。世人多未之知，唯從祖寬深異之，每謂子孫曰：「處道逸群絕倫，非常之器，非汝曹所逮。」後與安定牛弘同志好學，研精不倦，多所通涉。善屬文，工草隸書，頗留意風角。美須髯，有英傑之表。

In time, su's son Chudao from youth was unrestrained with great ambition and did not bind himself to small matters. Most people did not yet know him, but his father's cousin Kuan deeply marveled at him and often told his sons and grandsons, "Chudao stands above the crowd and beyond compare — an instrument of rare quality, not something you can reach. Loving learning and studying with tireless precision, mastering many fields, and " Later he shared the same aspirations with Niu Hong of Anding. And paid considerable attention to wind omens, and he was skilled at literary composition and at cursive and clerical script. In time, he had a fine beard and the bearing of a hero.

周大塚宰宇文護引為中外記室，轉禮曹，加大都督。周武帝親總萬機，素以其父守節陷齊，未蒙朝命，上表申理，至於再三。帝大怒，命左右斬之。素又言曰：「臣事無道天子，死其分也。」帝悟其言，贈敷使持節、大將軍、譙、廣、復三州刺史，諡曰忠壯。拜素車騎大將軍、儀同三司，漸見禮遇。常令為詔，下筆立成，詞義兼美。帝嘉之，謂曰：「善相自勉，勿憂不富貴。」素應聲曰：「臣但恐富貴來逼臣，臣無心圖富貴。」

Yuwen Hu, recruited him as Recorder for Internal and External Affairs, then transferred him to the Ministry of Rites and added the title Grand Commander, and the Grand Minister of Zhou. When Emperor Wu of Zhou personally took charge of all affairs, Su, because his father had kept his integrity and fallen into Qi without receiving a court appointment, memorialized to plead his case again and again. In time, the emperor was greatly angered and ordered those beside him to behead him. Su also said, "Your subject serves a Wayless Son of Heaven — death is his portion. Grand General, and Regional Inspector of Qiao, Guang, and Fu provinces, with the posthumous title Zhongzhuang, and " The emperor understood his words and posthumously granted Fu bearer of the staff of authority. In time, su was appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry and Honorary Three Dukes and gradually received favor and courtesy. And his wording and meaning were both fine, and he was often ordered to draft edicts; he would finish at once. The emperor praised him and said, "Exert yourself well — do not worry about failing to gain wealth and rank." Su answered at once, "Your subject only fears that wealth and rank will press upon him — your subject has no mind to seek wealth and rank."

及隋文帝為丞相，素深自結納，帝甚器之，以為汴州刺史。至洛陽，會尉遲迥作亂。滎州刺史宇文胄據武牢應迥，素不得進。帝拜素大將軍，擊胄破之。遷徐州總管，位柱國，封清河郡公，以弟岳為臨貞公。及隋受禪，加上柱國，拜御史大夫。其妻鄭氏性妒悍，素忿之曰：「我若作天子，卿定不堪為皇后。」鄭氏奏之，由是坐免。

When Emperor Wen of Sui was chief minister, Su deeply attached himself to him. The emperor greatly valued him and made him Regional Inspector of Bianzhou. Upon reaching Luoyang, Yuchi Jiong rose in rebellion. And Su could not advance, and regional Inspector of Xingzhou Yuwen Zhou held Wulao in response to Jiong. In time, the emperor appointed Su Grand General; he attacked Zhou and defeated him. He moved to Commander of Xuzhou, made a Pillar of State, enfeoffed as Duke of Qinghe Commandery, and his younger brother Yue was made Duke of Linzhen. He was made Superior Pillar of State and appointed Censor-in-Chief, and when Sui received the Mandate. His wife Lady Zheng was jealous and fierce; Su said in anger, "If I became Son of Heaven, you certainly could not bear to be empress. And for this he was dismissed from office, and " Lady Zheng reported this.

上方圖江表。先是，素數進取陳計。未幾，拜信州總管，賜錢百萬、錦千段、馬二百匹遣之。素居永安，造大艦，名曰五牙，上起樓五層，高百餘尺，左右前後置六檣竿，並高百五十尺，容戰士八百人，旗幟加於上。次曰黃龍，置兵百餘人。自余平乘、舴艋等各有差。及大舉攻伐，以素為行軍元帥，引舟師趣三硤。至流頭灘，陳將戚欣以青龍百餘艘屯兵守狼尾灘，以遏軍路。共地險峭，諸將患之。素曰：「負勝在此一舉，若晝日下船，彼則見我，灘流迅激，制不由人，則吾失其便。」乃夜掩之。素親率黃龍十艘，銜枚而下。遣開府王長襲從南岸擊欣別柵。令大將軍劉仁恩趣白沙北岸。比明而至，擊之，欣敗。虜其眾，勞而遣之，秋毫不犯，陳人大悅。素率水軍東下，舟艦被江，旌甲曜日。素坐平乘大船。容貌雄偉，陳人望之，懼曰：「清河公即江神也。」

The emperor was then laying plans for the lands south of the Yangtze. Earlier Su had again and again proposed plans to strike Chen. It was not long before he was named Commander of Xinzhou and sent off with a gift of a million coins, a thousand bolts of brocade, and two hundred horses. With five-story towers rising more than a hundred chi, six masts fore and aft and on both sides each a hundred fifty chi high, holding eight hundred warriors, with banners and flags set above, and su was at Yong'an and built great ships called Five-Tooth vessels. Holding more than a hundred men, and next came the Yellow Dragon type. Below these, flat boats, skiffs, ; the like each had their grades. At the launch of the great campaign was launched, Su was made campaigning commander-in-chief and led the fleet toward the Three Gorges. Chen general Qi Xin with more than a hundred Green Dragon ships stationed troops at Langwei Shoals to block the army's route, and at Liutou Shoals. In time, the terrain was steep and perilous; the generals were troubled. Su said, "Victory depends on this one move. If we disembark by day they will see us; the shoal currents are swift and one cannot control them — then we lose our advantage." He for this reason attacked by night. Su himself led ten Yellow Dragon ships downstream, the men holding rammers between their teeth. They sent Grand Master of the Palace Wang Changxi to strike Xin's separate camp from the south bank. They ordered Grand General Liu Ren'en to hurry to the north bank of Baisha. In time, by dawn they arrived and attacked; Xin was defeated. Treated them kindly and sent them away, not violating so much as an autumn hair — the people of Chen were greatly pleased, and they captured his troops. In time, su led the fleet eastward; the ships covered the river and banners and armor gleamed in the sun. Su took his place aboard a great flat boat. His appearance was imposing; the people of Chen looked at him and feared, saying, "The Duke of Qinghe is the river god himself."

陳南康內史呂仲肅屯岐亭，正據江峽，於北岸纜岩綴鐵鎖三條，橫截上流，以遏戰船。素與仁恩登陸俱發，先攻其柵；仲肅軍夜潰，素徐去其鎖。仲肅復據荊州之延洲。素遣巴蜒卒數千，乘五牙四艘，以檣竿碎賊十餘艦，遂大破之，仲肅僅以身免。陳主遣其信州刺史顧覺鎮安蜀城，荊州刺史陳紀鎮公安，皆懼而走。巴陵以東，無敢守者。湘州刺史岳陽王陳叔慎請降。素下至漢口，與秦孝王會，乃還。拜荊州總管，進爵郢國公，真食長壽縣千戶；以其子玄感為儀同三司，玄獎為清河郡公；賜物萬段，粟萬石，加之金寶；又賜陳主妹、女妓十四人。素言於上曰：「裏名勝母，曾子不入，逆人王誼前封郢，臣不願與同。」於是改封越國公。尋拜納言，轉內史令。

Chen Interior Secretary of Nankang Lü Zhongsu stationed troops at Qiting, directly holding the river gorge. On the north bank he moored iron chains of three links across the upper stream to block warships. In time, su and Ren'en went ashore together and attacked; first they struck his camp; Zhongsu's troops broke and fled in the night; Su methodically cleared the chains. Zhongsu once more occupied Yan Isle in Yanzhou. Su sent several thousand Ba-Yan soldiers in four Five-Tooth ships. With mast poles they smashed more than ten enemy vessels, broke them utterly, and Zhongsu barely escaped with his life. In time, the Chen ruler sent his Regional Inspector of Xinzhou Gu Jue to guard Ancheng and Regional Inspector of Jingzhou Chen Ji to guard Gong'an — both fled in fear. No one east of Baling dared stand and fight. The Prince of Yueyang Chen Shushen, requested to surrender, and regional Inspector of Xiangzhou. Xiaowang, then returned, and su went down to Hankou and met the Prince of Qin. They appointed him as Commander of Jingzhou, advanced to Duke of Ying State with a fief of one thousand households in Changshou County; In time, his son Xuangan was made Honorary Three Dukes and Xuanjiang Duke of Qinghe Commandery; In time, he was granted ten thousand lengths of goods, ten thousand piculs of grain, and gold and jewels in addition; In time, he was also granted the Chen ruler's younger sister and fourteen female entertainers. Su said to the emperor, "There is a lane called Shengmu — Zengzi would not enter it; the rebel Wang Yi was once enfeoffed as Prince of Ying — your subject does not wish to share with him." At that point his enfeoffment was changed to Duke of Yue State. It was not long before he was named Chief Censor and transferred to Director of the Secretariat.

俄而江南人李稜等為亂，以素為行軍總管討之。帝命平定日，男子悉斬，女婦賞征人，在陣免者從賤。賊硃莫問自稱南徐州刺史，以盛兵據京口。素舟師入自楊子津，進擊破之。晉陵顧世興自稱太守，與其都督鮑遷等復來拒戰。素逆擊破之，執遷，虜三千餘人。進擊無錫賊帥葉皓，又平之。吳郡沈玄懀、沈傑等以兵圍蘇州，刺史皇甫績頻戰不利，素率眾援之。玄懀勢迫，走投南沙賊帥陸孟孫。素擊孟孫于松江，大破之，禽孟孫、玄懀。黝、歙賊帥沈雪、沈能據柵自固，又攻拔之。

Before long, Li Ling and others of the Jiangnan region rebelled, and Su was made campaigning commander-in-chief to suppress them. Women be given as rewards to campaign soldiers, and those spared in battle be reduced to servile status, and the emperor ordered that on the day of pacification all men be beheaded. The bandit Zhu Mowen — style name himself Regional Inspector of Southern Xuzhou and with a strong force held Jingkou. In time, su's fleet entered from Yangzi Ford and advanced to attack and break him. Gu Shixing of Jinling — style name himself Grand Administrator and together with his commander Bao Qian and others again came to resist. Broke them, seized Qian, and captured more than three thousand men, and su met and attacked them. He pushed forward and against Wuxi bandit chief Ye Hao and pacified him as well. Shen Xuan'ai and Shen Jie of Wu commandery with troops besieged Suzhou. Regional Inspector Huangfu Ji fought repeatedly without success, and Su led troops to rescue him. In time, xuan'ai was hard pressed and fled to throw himself on Nansha bandit chief Lu Mengsun. Broke him utterly, and captured Mengsun and Xuan'ai, and su attacked Mengsun at Song River. In time, bandit chiefs Shen Xue and Shen Neng of You and She held palisades and defended themselves; he attacked and took these as well.

江浙賊高智慧自號東揚州刺史，吳州總管五原西元契鎮會稽，以其兵盛而降之。智慧盡屠其眾，契自殺。智慧有船艦千餘艘，屯據要害，兵甚勁。素擊之，自旦至申，苦戰破之。智慧逃入海。躡之，從餘姚泛海趣永嘉。智慧來拒戰，素擊走，賊帥汪文進自稱天子，據東陽，署其徒蔡道人為司空，守樂安。素進討。悉平之。又破永嘉賊帥沈孝徹。於是步道向天臺，指臨海郡。遂捕遺逸，前後百餘戰，智慧遁守閩越。上以素久勞於外，詔令馳傳入朝，加子玄感上開府，賜彩八千段。素以餘寇未殄，恐為後患，又自請行。詔以素為元帥，復乘傳至會稽。

Jiang-Zhe bandit Gao Zhihui styled himself Regional Inspector of Eastern Yangzhou. Wu Commander Xiyuan Qi of Wuyuan garrisoned Kuaiji and submitted to him because his force was strong. And Qi killed himself, and zhihui slaughtered all his troops. Held strategic points, and his troops were very strong, and zhihui had more than a thousand ships. In time, su attacked him; from dawn to the shen hour they fought bitterly and broke him. Zhihui escaped by sea. In time, su pursued him, going from Yuyao by sea toward Yongjia. Zhihui came to resist; Su attacked and drove him off. Bandit chief Wang Wenjin — style name himself Son of Heaven, held Dongyang, and appointed his follower Cai Daoren Minister of Works to guard Le'an. Su advanced to attack. He pacified them all. He likewise defeated Yongjia bandit chief Shen Xiaoche. Next he marched overland toward Tiantai and aimed at Linhai commandery. He then captured stragglers. In more than a hundred battles before and after, Zhihui fled and held out in Min-Yue. The emperor ordered him to enter court by rapid relay, granting his son Xuangan Senior Grand Master of the Palace and eight thousand lengths of colored silk, and because Su had long labored abroad. In time, su, because remaining bandits were not yet destroyed and feared they would become a later trouble, again requested to go on campaign himself. By edict Su became commander-in-chief and once more traveled by post to Kuaiji.

先是，泉州人王國慶，南安豪族也，殺刺史劉弘，據州為亂。自以海路艱阻，非北人所習，不設備伍。素泛海奄至，國慶遑遽，棄州走。素分遣諸將，水陸追捕。時南海先有五六百家，居水為亡命，號曰遊艇子；智慧、國慶欲往依之。素乃密令人說國慶，令斬智慧以自效。因慶乃斬智慧於泉州。自余支黨悉降，江南大定。上遣左領軍將軍獨孤陀至浚儀迎勞，比到京師，問者日至。拜素子玄獎儀同，賜黃金四十斤，加銀瓶，實以金錢，縑三千段、馬二百匹、羊三千口、田百頃、宅一區。

In time, before this, Wang Guoqing of Quanzhou, a powerful clan of Nan'an, killed Regional Inspector Liu Hong and seized the province in rebellion. And made no preparations, and he thought the sea route arduous and difficult and not what northerners were accustomed to. In time, su crossed the sea and suddenly arrived; Guoqing was panic-stricken and abandoned the province and fled. In time, su sent out his generals to pursue by land and sea. In time, at that time in Nanhai there were first five or six hundred households living on the water as fugitives, called the Wandering Boat People; In time, zhihui and Guoqing wished to rely on them. Su quietly sent envoys to persuade Guoqing to kill Zhihui as proof of loyalty. At that point Guoqing killed Zhihui at Quanzhou. And the Jiangnan region was greatly settled, and the remaining branches and factions all submitted. The emperor sent Left Palace Guard General Dugu Tuo to Junyi to welcome and reward him. By the time he reached the capital, visitors came daily. With a silver bottle filled with gold coins, three thousand lengths of silk, two hundred horses, three thousand sheep, a hundred qing of fields, and one residence, and su's son Xuanjiang was appointed Honorary Three Dukes and granted forty jin of gold.

代蘇威為尚書右僕射，與高熲專掌朝政。素性疏而辯，高下在心，朝貴之內，頗推高熲，敬牛弘，厚接薛道衡，視蘇威蔑如也。自餘朝臣，多被陵轢。其才藝風調，優於高熲。至於推誠體國，處物平當，有宰相識度，不如熲遠矣。

In time, he replaced Su Wei as Right Vice Minister of the Imperial Secretariat and together with Gao Jiong exclusively managed court and state affairs. Respected Niu Hong, treated Xue Daoheng generously, and looked on Su Wei with contempt, and su's nature was bold and eloquent; high and low were in his heart. Among the honored of the court he fairly esteemed Gao Jiong. In time, most other court ministers he bullied and insulted. In talent, art, ; bearing he was superior to Gao Jiong. Embodying the state, treating things evenly, and the discernment of a chief minister he fell far short of Jiong, and but in extending sincerity.

尋令素監營仁壽宮，素遂夷山堙穀，督役嚴急，作者多死，宮側時聞鬼哭。及宮成，上令高熲前視，奏稱頗傷綺麗，大損人丁。帝不悅。素懼，即於北門啟獨孤皇后曰：「帝王法有離宮別館，今天下太平，造一宮何足損費。」後以此理諭上，上乃解。於是賜錢百萬、綿絹三千段。

Before long Su was ordered to supervise construction of Renshou Palace. He leveled mountains and filled valleys, supervising labor with harsh urgency — many workers died, and by the palace one often heard ghosts weeping. When the palace was finished the emperor ordered Gao Jiong to inspect it beforehand. He reported that it was rather excessively ornate and had greatly wasted human lives. The emperor was displeased. Su feared this and immediately at the North Gate reported to Empress Dugu, "Imperial law provides for detached palaces and lodges. Now that the realm is at peace, to build one palace — what expense does that waste?" The empress used this reasoning to persuade the emperor, and the emperor at that point relented. At that point he granted a million coins and three thousand lengths of silk and floss.

開皇十八年，突厥達頭可汗犯塞，以素為靈州道行軍總管。出塞討之，賜物二千段、黃金百斤。先是諸將與虜戰，每慮胡騎奔突，皆戎車步騎相參，與鹿角為方陣，騎在內。素曰：「此乃自固之道。」於是悉除舊法，令諸軍為騎陣。達頭聞之，大喜，以為天賜，下馬仰天而拜，率精騎十餘萬至。素奮擊，大破。達頭被重創而遁，眾號哭而去。優詔賜縑二萬匹及萬釘寶帶，加子玄感位大將軍，玄獎、玄縱、積善並上儀同。

In the eighteenth year of Kaihuang, Tujue Khan Datou invaded the frontier. Su was made campaigning commander-in-chief of the Lingzhou Circuit. In time, he went beyond the frontier to attack them and was granted two thousand lengths of goods and a hundred jin of gold. In time, before this, whenever generals fought the barbarians they always feared Hu cavalry charges and so mixed war chariots, infantry, and cavalry, forming a square with antlers — cavalry within. Su said, "This is merely the way to protect oneself." At that point he completely abolished the old method and ordered all armies to form cavalry formations. When Datou heard of this he was greatly pleased, thinking it a gift from Heaven. He dismounted, bowed toward the sky, and came with more than a hundred thousand elite horsemen. In time, su struck hard and broke them utterly. In time, datou suffered grave wounds and fled; his troops wailed and departed. A gracious edict granted twenty thousand bolts of silk and a precious belt studded with ten thousand nails. His son Xuangan was made Grand General, and Xuanjiang, Xuanzong, and Jishan were all made Honorary Three Dukes.

素多權略，乘機赴敵，應變無方。然大抵馭戎嚴整，有犯令者，立斬無所寬貸。每將臨寇，輒求人過失而斬之，多者百餘人，少不下數十，流血盈前，言笑自若。及對陣，先令一二百人赴敵，陷陣則已，如不能陷而還，無問多少，悉斬之。又令二百人復進，還如向法。將士股栗，有必死心，由是戰無不勝，稱為名將。素時貴幸，言無不從。其從素征代者，微功必錄。至於他將，雖大功，多為文吏所譴卻。故素雖嚴忍，士亦以此願從。

Su had many stratagems. He seized opportunities to meet the enemy and adapted without fixed method. Yet in general he controlled the army with strict discipline. Those who violated orders were beheaded on the spot without leniency. Whenever he was about to face the enemy he would seek out men's faults and behead them — more than a hundred in some cases, never fewer than several dozen. Blood filled the ground before him yet he spoke and laughed as usual. When facing the enemy he first sent one or two hundred men to attack. If they broke the formation that was enough, but if they could not break through and returned, regardless of number all were beheaded. Next he sent two hundred men forward again; if they returned it was handled by the same rule. Officers and soldiers trembled in their thighs and had hearts set on certain death. Therefore in battle they were never defeated, and he was called a famous general. In time, at that time Su was honored and favored; none of his words went unheeded. Even men who campaigned under Su against the northern tribes had the smallest deed entered in the records. Even for great merit they were often reproached and rejected by clerical officials, and as for other generals. Soldiers for this reason were willing to follow him, and therefore although Su was harsh and cruel.

二十年，晉王廣為靈、朔道行軍元帥，素為長史，王卑躬交素。及為太子，素之謀也。仁壽初，代高熲為尚書左僕射，賜良馬十匹、牝馬二百匹、奴婢百口。其年，以素為行軍元帥，出雲中擊突厥，連破之。突厥走，追至夜及之。將復戰，恐賊越逸，令其騎稍後，於是親將兩騎並降突厥二人與虜並行，不之覺也。侯其頓舍未定，趣後騎掩擊，大破之。自是突厥遠遁，磧南無復虜庭。以功進子玄感位柱國，玄縱為淮南郡公，賞物二萬段。

In the twentieth year, the Prince of Jin, Guang, was campaigning commander-in-chief of the Ling and Shuo Circuit and Su was Chief Administrator. The prince bowed humbly in treating Su. It was Su's plot, and when he became Crown Prince. Two hundred mares, and a hundred male and female servants, and early in Renshou he replaced Gao Jiong as Left Vice Minister of the Imperial Secretariat and was granted ten fine horses. Went out from Yunzhong to attack the Tujue, and broke them repeatedly, and that year Su was made campaigning commander-in-chief. In time, the Tujue fled; he pursued them and caught up by night. About to fight again, fearing the enemy would escape, he ordered his cavalry to hang back. He personally led two horsemen together with two surrendered Tujue to ride alongside the barbarians, and they did not notice. Seeing they had not yet yet settled from halting, he urged the rear cavalry to strike from cover and broke them utterly. In time, from this the Tujue fled far away and south of the desert there was no barbarian court again. Xuanzong was made Duke of Huainan Commandery, and he was granted twenty thousand lengths of goods, and for merit his son Xuangan was advanced to Pillar of State.

及獻皇后崩，山陵制度多出於素。上善之，下詔曰：「君為元首，臣則股肱，共理百姓，義同一體。上柱國、尚書左僕射、仁壽宮大監、越國公素，志度恢弘，機鑒明遠，懷佐時之略，包經國之才。王業初基，霸圖肇建，策名委質，受脤出師，禽翦凶魁，克平虢、鄭。頻承廟算，揚旌江表；每稟戎律，長驅塞垣。南指而吳越肅清，北臨而獯獫摧服。自居端揆，參贊機衡，當朝正色，直言無隱。論文則詞藻從橫，語武則權奇間出，既文且武，唯朕所命。任使之處，夙夜無怠。獻皇后奄離六宮，遠日雲及，塋兆安厝，委素經紀。然葬事依禮，唯卜泉石，至如吉凶，不由於此。素義存奉上，情深體國，欲使幽明俱泰，永保無窮。以為陰陽之書，聖人所作，禍福之理，特須審慎。乃遍曆川原，親自占擇，志圖元吉，孜孜不已。遂得神皋福壤，營建山陵。論素此心，事極誠孝，豈與平戎定寇，比其功業，若不加褒賞，何以申茲勸勵。可別封一子義康郡公、邑萬戶，子子孫孫承襲不絕，餘如故。」並賜田三十頃、絹萬匹、米萬石；金缽一，實以金；銀缽一，實以珠；並綾錦五百段。

The regulations for the mountain tomb mostly came from Su, and when Empress Xian died. In time, the emperor approved and issued an edict: "The ruler is the head and ministers are the arms and legs; together they govern the people — in duty they are one body. Superior Pillar of State, Left Vice Minister of the Imperial Secretariat, Grand Supervisor of Renshou Palace, Duke of Yue Su — his resolve and measure are vast, his insight clear and far-reaching. He holds strategies to assist the age and talent to maintain the state. He pledged his name and entrusted his substance, received the sacrificial meat and went forth as general, captured and cut down the chief villains, and pacified Guo and Zheng, and when the royal enterprise was first founded and the hegemonic design newly established. Again and again he carried out plans from the imperial temple, raising banners south of the Yangtze; Each time war orders came down he drove deep along the frontier. In time, pointing south, Wu and Yue were cleared and pacified; pressing north, the Xianyun were broken and subdued. Maintained upright color at court, and spoke bluntly without concealment, and once he occupied the chief minister's seat he took part in planning within the command tent. As only I command, and in literature his words were brilliant and unrestrained; in martial affairs his stratagems were singular and outstanding — both literary and martial. In time, in every place of appointment he was untiring day and night. Empress Xian suddenly departed the six palaces. The distant day drew near, and the burial site and resting place were entrusted to Su to arrange. It does not depend on this, and yet burial affairs follow rites — one seeks only spring and stone; as for fortune and misfortune. Su's righteousness lay in serving the ruler above and his feeling deep in embodying the state. He wished to make the hidden and manifest both at peace and preserve them without end. In time, he considered that books of yin and yang were made by sages and that the principles of fortune and misfortune require especial caution. Personally divined and selected, striving for supreme good fortune without ceasing, and he therefore traveled all rivers and plains. In time, he thus obtained divine highland and blessed soil and built the mountain tomb. In time, considering Su's heart in this matter, his conduct reached utmost sincere filial piety — how could pacifying barbarians and settling bandits compare with this achievement? If reward and praise are not added, how can this encouragement be expressed? To be inherited by sons and grandsons without end; the rest as before, and one of his sons may separately be enfeoffed Duke of Yikang Commandery with a fief of ten thousand households." They also granted him thirty qing of fields, ten thousand bolts of silk, and ten thousand piculs of rice; a gold bowl filled with gold; a silver bowl filled with pearls; In time, and five hundred lengths of damask and brocade.

時素貴寵日隆。其弟約、從父文思、弟紀及族父異並尚書、列卿，諸子無汗馬勞，位柱國、刺史。家僮數千，後庭妓妾曳綺羅者以千數；第宅華侈，制擬宮禁。有鮑亨者善屬文，殷胄者工草隸，並江南士人，因高智慧沒為奴。親戚故吏，布列清顯。其盛近古未聞。煬帝初為太子，忌蜀王秀，與素謀之，構成其罪，後竟廢黜。朝臣有違忤者，雖至誠體國如賀若弼、史萬歲、李綱、柳彧等，素皆陰中之。若有附會及親戚，雖無才用，必加進擢。朝廷靡然，莫不畏附。唯兵部尚書柳述，以帝婿之重，數於上前面折素。大理卿梁毗，抗表言素作威作福。上漸疏忌之，後因出敕曰：「僕射，國之宰輔，不可躬親細務，但三五日一度向省評論大事。」外示優崇，實奪之權，終仁壽之末，不復通判省事。上賜王公已下射，素箭為第一，上手以外國所獻金精盤價直巨萬以賜之。四年，從幸仁壽宮，宴賜重疊。

In time, at that time Su's honor and favor grew daily. His younger brother Yue, his father's cousin Wensi, his younger brother Ji, and his clan uncle Yi were all Directors and chief ministers. His sons without sweat-of-horse merit held the ranks of Pillar of State and Regional Inspector. In time, household slaves numbered in the thousands; courtesans and concubines trailing gauze and silk numbered in the thousands; Modeled on the palace precincts, and residences were lavish and extravagant. Skilled at literary composition, and Yin Zhou, skilled at cursive and clerical script — both scholars of the Jiangnan region who because of Gao Zhihui were taken as slaves, and there were Bao Heng. In time, kinsmen and former subordinates were spread among eminent posts. Such splendor had scarcely been seen in recent memory. When Emperor Yang first became Crown Prince he feared the Prince of Shu, Xiu, and plotted with Su to construct crimes against him. In the end Xiu was deposed. Shi Wansui, Li Gang, and Liu Yu — Su all secretly struck at them, and court ministers who opposed him — even those who with utmost sincerity embodied the state like He Ruo Bi. Even without talent they were sure to be promoted, and if there were flatterers or kinsmen. In time, the court leaned toward him; none did not fear and attach themselves. By weight of being the emperor's son-in-law, repeatedly rebuked Su to his face before the emperor, and only Minister of the Seven Arms Liu Shu. In time, director of Justice Liang Pi memorialized in protest that Su was making might and making favor. The emperor gradually grew distant and suspicious of him. Later he issued an edict: "The Vice Minister is the state's chief assistant and must not personally attend to minor affairs — only once every three or five days go to the ministry to discuss great affairs." Outwardly showing honor and elevation, in reality his power was taken. To the end of Renshou he no longer jointly handled ministry business. The emperor granted archery to princes and dukes downward. Su's arrow was first, and the emperor personally gave him a golden essence dish from foreign tribute worth tens of thousands. In time, in the fourth year he followed the emperor to Renshou Palace and received banquets and gifts in layers.

及上不豫，素與兵部尚書柳述、黃門侍郎元岩等入侍疾。時皇太子入居大寶殿，慮上有不諱，須豫防擬，乃手自為書，封出問素。素條錄事狀，以報太子。宮人潛送於上，上覽而大恚。所寵陳貴人又言太子無禮。上遂發怒，欲召庶人勇。太子謀之素，素矯詔追東宮兵士帖上臺宿衛，門禁出入，並取宇文述、郭衍節度。又令張衡侍疾。上以此日崩，由是頗有異論。

Once the emperor fell ill Su together with Minister of the Seven Arms Liu Shu, Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate Yuan Yan, and others entered to attend the illness. At that time the Crown Prince had entered and occupied the Great Treasure Hall. Fearing the emperor might die, he needed to prepare in advance, and personally wrote a letter, sealed it, and sent it out to ask Su. In time, su listed the circumstances item by item and reported to the Crown Prince. In time, a palace woman secretly sent it to the emperor; the emperor read it and was greatly enraged. The favored Lady Chen also reported that the Crown Prince had been disrespectful. The emperor at that point grew angry and wished to summon the commoner Yong. The Crown Prince plotted with Su. Su forged an edict to recall Eastern Palace soldiers to garrison the upper platform as guards. Control of gate passage in and out was entirely taken by Yuwen Shu and Guo Yan. He likewise ordered Zhang Heng to attend the illness. The emperor died that day; afterward many questioned how it had happened.

會漢王諒反，遣茹茹天保往東蒲州，燒斷河橋，又遣王𨈭子並力拒守。素將輕騎五千襲之。潛於渭口宵濟，比明擊之。天保敗，𨈭子懼，以城降。有詔征還。初素將行，計日破賊，皆如所量。帝於是以素為并州道行軍總管、河北道安撫大使，討諒。時晉、絳、呂三州並為諒城守，素各以二千人縻之而去。諒遣趙子開擁眾十餘萬，築絕徑路，屯據高壁，佈陣五十里。素令諸將以兵臨之，自以奇兵深入霍山，緣崖谷而進，直指其營，一戰破之，諒所署介州刺史梁修羅屯介休，聞素至，懼，棄城而走。進至清源，去并州三十里。率其將王世宗、趙子開、蕭摩訶等來拒戰，又擊破之，禽蕭摩訶。退保并州，素進兵圍之。諒窮而降，餘黨悉平。帝遣素弟修武公約齎手詔勞，素上表陳謝。其月，還京師。從駕幸洛陽，以素領營東京大監。以平諒功，拜其子萬石、仁行、侄玄挺皆儀同三司，賚物五萬段、羅綺千匹、諒之妓妾二十人。大業元年，遷尚書令賜東京甲第一區、物二千段，尋拜太師，餘官如故。前後賞錫不可勝計。明年，拜司徒，改封楚公，真食二千五百戶。其年病薨，諡曰景武。贈光祿大夫、太尉公、弘農河東絳郡臨汾文城河內汲郡長平上黨河十郡太守，給轀輬車、班劍三十人、前後部羽葆鼓吹、粟麥五千石、物五千段，鴻臚監護喪事。帝又下詔立碑，以彰盛美。素嘗以五言詩七百字贈番州刺史薛道衡，詞氣穎拔，風韻秀上，為一時盛作。未幾而卒，道衡歎曰：「人之將死，其言也善，若是乎！」《集》十卷。

After the Prince of Han, Liang, rebelled he sent Ruru Tianbao to Eastern Puzhou to burn and break the river bridge, and sent Wang Rongzi with combined force to hold and defend. In time, su led five thousand light cavalry to strike them. In time, secretly at Wei Ford he crossed by night; by dawn he attacked. In time, tianbao was defeated; Rongzi feared and surrendered the city. An edict recalled him. As Su prepared to depart he calculated the days to break the rebels — all matched his estimate. In time, the emperor therefore made Su campaigning commander-in-chief of the Bingzhou Circuit and Pacification Commissioner of the Hebei Circuit to attack Liang. At that time Jin, Jiang, and Lü provinces all held out for Liang. Su tied down each with two thousand men and departed. Blocking the narrow path, holding high walls, and deploying formations for fifty li, and liang sent Zhao Zikai with more than a hundred thousand troops. Su ordered the generals to press them with troops while he himself with a surprise force went deep into Huo Mountain, advancing along cliffs and ravines straight at their camp. In one battle he broke them. Liang's appointed Regional Inspector of Jiezhou Liang Xiuluo garrisoned Jiexiu; when he heard Su had arrived he feared and abandoned the city and fled. Thirty li from Bingzhou, and advancing to Qingyuan. Liang's generals Wang Shizong, Zhao Zikai, Xiao Mohe, and others came to resist. He again attacked and broke them and captured Xiao Mohe. In time, they retreated to hold Bingzhou; Su advanced and besieged it. In time, liang was driven to extremity and surrendered; the remaining factions were all pacified. The emperor sent Su's younger brother, Duke of Xiuwu Yue, bearing an imperial letter of consolation. Su memorialized in thanks. That month he went back to the capital. Su was made Grand Supervisor of the Eastern Capital camp, and following the imperial carriage to Luoyang. For pacifying Liang his sons Wanshi and Renxing and nephew Xuanting were all made Honorary Three Dukes. He was granted fifty thousand lengths of goods, a thousand bolts of silk gauze, and twenty of Liang's courtesans. In the first year of Daye he was transferred to Minister of the Left and granted one superior residence in the Eastern Capital and two thousand lengths of goods. Before long he was made Grand Preceptor, remaining in other posts as before. In time, rewards and gifts before and after were beyond counting. In time, the next year he was made Minister of Education and his enfeoffment was changed to Duke of Chu with a fief of two thousand five hundred households. That year illness took him; posthumous title Jingwu. Posthumously granted Grand Master of Splendor, Grand Commandant, and Grand Administrator of ten commanderies including Hongnong, Hedong, Jiang, Fen, Wen, Cheng, Henei, Ji, Changping, and Shangdang. Granted a funeral carriage, thirty guards with swords, front and rear ceremonial guard musicians, five thousand piculs of millet and wheat, and five thousand lengths of goods; the Superintendent of Dependencies supervised the funeral. The emperor also ordered a stele erected to display his great merit. Su once gave Regional Inspector of Fanzhou Xue Daoheng a five-character poem of seven hundred words. Its wording was sharp and elevated and its tone elegant — a masterpiece of the age. Before long he died. Daoheng sighed, "When a man is about to die, his words are good — is it like this!" His Collected Works were ten scrolls.

素雖有建立策及平楊諒功，然特為帝猜忌，外示殊禮，內情甚薄。太史言楚分野有大喪，因改封素于楚。寢疾之日，帝每令名醫診侯，賜以上藥；然密問醫人，恆恐不死。素又自知名位已極，不肯服藥，變不將慎。每語弟約曰：「我豈須更活邪？」

The emperor was especially suspicious of him — outwardly showing special courtesy, inwardly his feeling was very thin, and although Su had achievements in founding strategy and merit in pacifying Yang Liang. The Grand Astrologer said the Chu asterism would suffer great mourning; Su's enfeoffment was therefore changed to Chu. In time, during his illness the emperor repeatedly sent famous physicians to examine him and granted superior medicines; Always fearing Su would not die, and yet he secretly questioned the physicians. Su also knew himself that rank and position had reached their limit. He refused to take medicine and grew careless in self-restraint. He often said to his younger brother Yue, "Do I still need to go on living?"

素貪財貨，營求產業，東西京居宅侈麗，朝毀夕復，營繕無已。爰及諸方都會之處，邸店水磑田宅以千百數。時議以此鄙之。子玄感。

Su was greedy for wealth and goods and schemed for estates. Residences in the eastern and western capitals were lavish, destroyed one morning and rebuilt by evening, construction and repair without end. Inns, water mills, fields, and houses numbered in the hundreds and thousands, and extending to major cities in all regions. People of the time looked down on him for this. His son was Xuangan.

玄感少時晚成，人多謂之癡。唯素每謂所親曰：「此兒不癡也。」及長，美須髯，儀貌雄俊，好讀書，便騎射。弱冠，以父軍功位柱國，與其父俱為第二品，朝會則齊列。後文帝命玄感降一等，玄感拜謝曰：「不意陛下寵臣之甚，許以公庭獲展私敬。」初拜郢州刺史，到官潛布耳目，察長吏能不，纖介必知，吏人敬服，皆稱其能。後轉宋州刺史，父憂去職。歲餘，拜鴻臚卿，襲爵楚公，遷禮部尚書。性雖驕居，而愛重文學，四海知名之士多趨其門。

Xuangan matured slowly in youth; many called him dull. Only Su often told those close to him, "This boy is not dull." As an adult he had a fine beard, a heroic and handsome appearance, loved reading, and was skilled at mounted archery. At his capping, through his father's military merit he held the rank of Pillar of State. He and his father were both second rank and stood in the same row at court assemblies. Later Emperor Wen ordered Xuangan lowered one rank. Xuangan bowed in thanks and said, "I did not expect Your Majesty to favor your subject so — permitting him to show private respect in the public hall." When first appointed Regional Inspector of Yingzhou, he secretly deployed informants to observe whether chief officials were capable. The slightest detail he always knew; officials and people respected and submitted, all calling him able. In time, later he was transferred to Regional Inspector of Songzhou and left office for his father's mourning. Inherited the title Duke of Chu, and was transferred to Minister of Rites, and after more than a year he was appointed Superintendent of Dependencies. Although his nature was proud in station, he valued and honored literature. Renowned scholars from within the four seas mostly flocked to his gate.

後見朝綱漸紊，帝又猜忌日甚，內不自安，遂與諸弟潛謀廢帝立秦王浩。及從征吐谷渾，還至達鬥拔谷，時從官狼狽，玄感欲襲擊行宮。其叔慎曰：「士心尚一，國未有釁，不可圖也。」玄感乃止。時帝好征伐，玄感欲立威名，陰求將領，以告兵部尚書段文振。振以白帝，帝嘉之，謂群臣曰：「將門有將，故不虛也。」於是賚物千段，禮遇益隆，頗預朝政。

He felt insecure within and therefore secretly plotted with his brothers to depose the emperor and install the Prince of Qin, Hao, and later seeing court discipline gradually disordered and the emperor's suspicion growing daily. The accompanying officials were in disarray and Xuangan wished to strike the traveling palace, and when he followed the campaign against Tuyuhun and returned to Databo Valley. His uncle Shen said, "The soldiers' hearts are still united and the state has no opening — it cannot be plotted." Xuangan held back. At that time the emperor loved campaigns. Xuangan wished to establish a martial reputation and secretly sought a command, telling Minister of the Seven Arms Duan Wenzhen. Wenzhen reported this to the emperor. The emperor approved and told the assembled ministers, "A general's house produces generals — it is not empty praise. His courtesy and favor grew ever greater, and he took considerable part in court governance, and " He was therefore granted a thousand lengths of goods.

帝征遼東，令玄感黎陽督運。遂與武賁郎將王仲伯、汲郡贊治趙懷義等謀，不時進發。帝遣使者逼促，玄感揚言曰：「水路多盜，不可前後而發。」其弟武賁郎將玄縱、鷹揚郎將萬石並從幸遼東，玄感潛遣人召之。時來護兒以舟師自東萊，將入海趣平壤城，軍未發。玄感無以動眾，乃遣家奴偽為使，從東方來，謬稱護失軍期而反。玄感遂入黎陽縣，閉城大募勇夫。於是取颿布為牟甲，署置官屬皆准開皇之舊。移書傍郡以討護為名，令發兵會於倉所。以東光縣尉元務本為黎州刺史，趙懷義為衛州刺史，河內郡主簿唐禕為懷州刺史，有眾且一萬，將襲洛陽。唐禕至河內，馳往東都告之。越王侗、戶部尚書樊子蓋等勒兵備禦。修武縣人相率守臨清關，玄感不得濟，遂于汲郡南度河。從亂如市，數日，屯兵上春門，眾至十餘萬。子蓋令河南贊務裴弘策拒之，弘策戰敗，父老競致牛酒。玄感屯兵尚書省，每有誓眾曰：「我身為上柱國，家累巨萬金，至富貴，無所求也。今者不顧破家滅族者，為天下解倒懸之急，救黎元之命耳。」眾皆悅，詣轅門請自效者日數千。及與樊子蓋書曰：

Once the emperor campaigned against Liaodong he ordered Xuangan to supervise transport at Liyang. Next he plotted with Palace Guard Gentleman Wang Zhongbo, Assistant Administrator of Ji Commandery Zhao Huaiyi, and others not to advance on schedule. The emperor sent envoys to press him. Xuangan proclaimed, "There are many bandits on the water route — one cannot send ships out front and rear together." His younger brothers Palace Guard Gentleman Xuanzong and Feathered Guard Gentleman Wanshi were both accompanying the emperor in Liaodong. Xuangan secretly sent men to summon them. In time, at that time Lai Huer with the fleet from Donglai was about to enter the sea and hurry to Pyongyang; the army had not yet set out. Xuangan had no means to move the masses. He therefore sent a household slave disguised as an envoy from the east falsely claiming Huer had missed the campaign deadline and returned. Closed the gates, and greatly recruited brave men, and xuangan then entered Liyang County. At that point sailcloth was taken for armor and officials were appointed all according to the Kaihuang precedent. Ordering them to send troops to assemble at the granary, and he sent letters to neighboring commanderies in the name of punishing Huer. He made Dongguang County Magistrate Yuan Wuben Regional Inspector of Li, Zhao Huaiyi Regional Inspector of Wei, and Chief Clerk of Henei Commandery Tang Yi Regional Inspector of Huai. With troops numbering nearly ten thousand he was about to strike Luoyang. After Tang Yi reached Henei he galloped to the eastern capital to report it. The Prince of Yue, Tong, Minister of Revenue Fan Zigai, ; others mustered troops to prepare defense. People of Xiuwu County together held Linqing Pass. Xuangan could not cross and therefore crossed the river south of Ji Commandery. Those who followed the rebellion were like a market. Within days he encamped at Shangchun Gate with masses reaching more than a hundred thousand. Zigai ordered Henan Assistant Administrator Pei Hongce to resist him. Hongce was defeated in battle and elders competed to bring oxen and wine. Xuangan encamped at the Imperial Secretariat. Whenever he rallied the masses he said, "I personally am a Superior Pillar of State. My household accumulates tens of thousands in gold — I have reached utmost wealth and rank and seek nothing. In time, today I disregard the destruction of house and clan because the realm hangs upside down in urgent peril and the lives of the people must be saved. In time, " The masses were all pleased; those who came to the camp gate daily requesting to serve numbered in the thousands. He likewise wrote to Fan Zigai, saying:

夫建忠立義，事有多途，見機而作，蓋非一揆。昔伊尹放太甲于桐宮，霍光廢劉賀於昌邑，此並公度內，不能一二披陳。高祖文皇帝誕膺天命，造茲區宇，在ＦＭ璣以齊七政，握金鏡以馭六龍，無為而至化流，垂拱而天下乂。今上纂承寶曆，宜固洪基，乃自絕於天，殄人敗德。頻年肆眚，盜賤於是滋多；所在修營，人力為之凋盡。荒淫酒色，子女必被其侵；耽玩鷹犬，禽獸皆離其毒。朋黨相扇，貸賄公行，納邪佞之言，杜正直之口。加以轉輸不息，徭役無期；士卒填溝壑，骸骨蔽原野；黃河之北則千里無煙，江、淮之間則鞠為茂草。

In time, to establish loyalty and righteousness there are many paths; to seize the moment and act is surely not one single measure. In time, in old times Yi Yin placed Emperor Taijia in the Tong Palace and Huo Guang deposed Liu He at Changyi — these were within public duty and cannot be fully set forth one by one. Emperor Wen, the Founding Emperor, received Heaven's Mandate and created this realm. Holding the armillary sphere to align the seven regulators, grasping the golden mirror to rein the six dragons — through non-action transformation flowed, with folded hands the realm was at peace. Yet he has cut himself off from Heaven and destroyed people and ruined virtue, and the present ruler has succeeded to the precious succession and should consolidate the great foundation. Year after year he has issued amnesties while bandits while thieves have thus multiplied; wherever construction is undertaken, human strength is worn to the bone. Indulging in debauchery, wine, ; women — daughters must suffer his violation; In time, addicted to hawks and dogs — birds and beasts all suffer his cruelty. Factions fan one another; bribes walk openly; wicked while flattering words are admitted while straight while upright mouths are stopped. In time, added to this, transport and relay labor never cease and corvée has no fixed term; In time, soldiers fill ditches and gullies and bones cover the open fields; In time, north of the Yellow River for a thousand li there is no smoke; between the Yangtze and Huai the land has become wild grass.

玄感世荷國恩，位居上將。先公奉遺詔曰：「好子孫為我輔弼之，惡子孫為我屏黜之。」所以上稟先旨，下順人心，廢此淫昏，更立明哲。今四海同心，九有咸應，士卒用命，如赴私仇，人庶相趨，義形公道。天意人事，較然可知。公獨害孤城，勢何支久？願以黔黎在念，社稷為心，勿拘小禮，自貽伊戚。誰謂國家，一旦至此！執筆潸然，言無所具。

In time, xuangan has for generations received the state's grace and holds the rank of supreme general. In time, my late father received the deathbed edict: "Take good descendants as my assistants; remove wicked descendants as my outcasts. In time, " Therefore above I carry out the former command and below I follow the people's hearts — deposing this debauched fool and installing another wise and enlightened ruler. Now the four seas share one heart and the nine regions all respond. Soldiers obey orders as if answering a private feud and people and masses hurry together with righteousness shown in the public way. In time, heaven's intent and human affairs are clearly knowable. You alone hold out in this isolated city — how long can your strength last? I hope you will keep the black-haired masses in mind and the altars of state in your heart. Do not cling to small rites and bring calamity upon yourself. In time, who would have thought the state would come to this in a single day! In time, taking up the brush I weep; words cannot say all.

遂進逼東都城。刑部尚書衛玄率眾自關中來援東都，以步騎二萬度瀍、澗挑戰。玄感偽北，玄逐之，伏兵發，前軍盡沒。後數日，玄復與玄感戰。兵始合，玄感詐令人大呼曰：「官軍已得玄感矣。」玄軍稍怠，玄感與數千騎乘之，大潰，擁八千人而去。玄感驍勇多力，每戰，親運長矛，身先士卒，喑鳴叱吒，所當莫不震懾，論者方之項羽。又善撫馭，士樂致死。由是戰無不捷。玄軍日蹙，糧又盡，乃悉眾決戰，陣於北邙，一日間戰十餘合。玄感弟玄挺中流矢而斃，玄感稍卻。樊子蓋復遣兵攻尚書省，又殺數百人。

Next he advanced and pressed the eastern capital city. In time, minister of Punishments Wei Xuan led troops from Guanzhong to aid the eastern capital and with twenty thousand infantry and cavalry crossed Chan and Jian to offer battle. Xuangan feigned a retreat north. Xuan pursued and ambush troops sprang up — the vanguard was entirely destroyed. Several days later Xuan fought Xuangan again. As the armies first joined Xuangan had men shout loudly, "The government army has already captured Xuangan!" Xuan's army slackened slightly. Xuangan with several thousand horsemen charged them and they broke utterly, driving off eight thousand men. Xuangan was fierce, brave, and strong. In every battle he personally wielded a long spear, led from the front, and with shouts and roars none who faced him failed to be shaken — commentators compared him to Xiang Yu. He also knew how to win men's hearts; soldiers gladly died for him. In battle he was never once defeated. Xuan's army was pressed daily and grain was exhausted. He therefore gathered all his forces for a decisive battle and deployed on Mount Beimang — in one day they fought more than ten engagements. In time, xuangan's younger brother Xuanting was struck by a flying arrow and died; Xuangan withdrew slightly. In time, fan Zigai again sent troops to attack the Imperial Secretariat and killed several hundred more.

帝遣武賁郎將陳稜攻元務本于黎陽。武衛將軍屈突通屯河陽，左翊衛大將軍宇文述發兵繼進，右驍衛大將軍來護兒復來趙援。玄感與前戶部尚書李子雄計曰：「屈突通曉兵事，若度河則勝負難決，不如分兵拒之。不能濟，則樊、衛失援。」玄感然之，將拒通。子蓋知其謀，數擊其營，玄感不果進。通遂濟河，軍於破陵。玄感為兩軍，西拒衛玄，東拒屈突通。子蓋復出兵大戰，玄感軍頻北。復與子雄計，子雄勸之直入關中，開永豐倉振貧乏，三輔可指麾而定。據有府庫，東面而爭天下，此亦霸王之業。

The ruler sent Palace Guard Gentleman Chen Leng to attack Yuan Wuben at Liyang. Guard General Qu Tu Tong encamped at Heyang; Left Guard Grand General Yuwen Shu set out with troops in support; Right Agile Guard Grand General Lai Huer likewise came from Zhao to aid. Xuangan plotted with former Minister of Revenue Li Zixiong, saying, "Qu Tu Tong understands military affairs. If he crosses the river victory and defeat will be hard to decide — better to divide troops to resist him. Then Fan and Wei lose support, and if he cannot cross. In time, " Xuangan agreed and was about to resist Tong. In time, zigai learned of the plan and repeatedly struck his camps; Xuangan could not advance. Tong at that point crossed the river and encamped at Poling. Resisting Wei Xuan in the west and Qu Tu Tong in the east, and xuangan divided into two armies. In time, zigai again sent troops for a great battle; Xuangan's army repeatedly fled north. He again plotted with Zixiong. Zixiong urged him to enter Guanzhong directly, open the Yongfeng granary to relieve the poor, and the three auxiliary regions could be taken at a gesture. In time, holding the storehouses and treasuries and contending for the realm facing east — this too is an enterprise of hegemony.

會華陰諸楊請為鄉導，玄感遂釋洛陽，西圖關中。宣言已破東都，取關西。宇文述等諸軍躡之。至弘農宮，父老遮說玄感曰：「宮城空虛，又多積粟，攻之易下。進可絕敵人之食，退可割宜陽之地。」玄感以為然，留攻三日，城不下，追兵遂至。玄感西至閿鄉，上槃豆，佈陣亙五十里，與官軍且戰且行，一日三敗。復陣于董杜原，諸軍大敗之。玄感獨與十餘騎竄林木間，將奔上洛。追騎至，玄感叱之，皆懼而返走。至葭蘆戍，窘迫，獨與弟積善步行，謂積善曰：「事敗矣，我不能受人戮辱，汝可殺我。」積善殺之，因自刺不死，為追兵所執，與玄感首俱送行在所，磔其屍於東都市，三日，復臠而焚之。餘黨悉平。

Once the Yang clan of Huayin requested to serve as local guides Xuangan thereupon abandoned Luoyang and turned west toward Guanzhong. In time, he proclaimed he had already broken the eastern capital and was taking the western passes. In time, yuwen Shu and the other armies pursued him. At Hongnong Palace the elders blocked the way and advised Xuangan, "The palace city is empty and grain is greatly stored — attacking it is easy to succeed. In time, advancing you can cut off the enemy's food; retreating you can seize the land of Yiyang." Xuangan thought this correct and stayed to attack for three days. The city did not fall and pursuing troops arrived. Xuangan went west to Wen Township and ascended Pandou, deploying formations stretching fifty li. With the government army he fought while marching and was defeated three times in one day. In time, he deployed again at Dongdu Plain and the various armies utterly defeated him. About to escape to Shangluo, and xuangan alone with more than ten horsemen fled into the forest and trees. In time, pursuing horsemen arrived; Xuangan shouted at them and all feared and turned back. At Jialu Post, hard pressed, alone with his younger brother Jishan on foot, he said to Jishan, "It is finished — I cannot suffer the humiliation of being executed by others; you may kill me." Jishan killed him, then stabbed himself but did not die and was seized by pursuing troops. Together with Xuangan's head he was sent to the imperial presence. The corpse was dismembered at the eastern market, and after three days was minced and burned. The remaining rebels were all pacified.

其弟玄獎為義陽太守，將歸玄感，為郡丞周旋玉所殺。玄縱弟萬石，自帝所逃歸，至高陽，止傳舍，監事許華與郡兵執之，斬於涿郡。萬石弟仁行，官至朝議大夫，斬于長安。並具梟磔。公卿請改玄感姓為梟氏，詔可之。

His younger brother Xuanjiang was Grand Administrator of Yiyang and was about to join Xuangan. He was killed by Assistant Administrator Zhou Xuanyu. Xuanzong's younger brother Wanshi fled from the emperor's camp, reached Gaoyang, and stopped at a relay station. Supervisor Xu Hua together with commandery troops seized him and beheaded him at Zhuo Commandery. Who had reached the post of Remonstrance and Criticism Grandee, was beheaded at Chang'an, and wanshi's younger brother Renxing. In time, all were fully dismembered and exposed. The dukes and ministers requested that Xuangan's surname be changed to the Xiao clan. An edict approved this.

玄感之亂，有趙元淑者預謀，誅。又有劉元進，亦舉兵應之。

In Xuangan's rebellion there was one Zhao Yuanshu who took part in the plot. He was executed. There was likewise Liu Yuanjin who likewise raised troops in response.

100

元淑，博陵人。父世模，初從高寶，後以眾歸周，授上開府，寓居京兆之雲陽。隋文帝踐阼，恆典宿衛。後從晉王伐陳，力戰而死。朝廷以其身死王事，以元淑襲父本官，賜物三千段。元淑性疏誕，不事產業，家徒壁立。後授驃騎將軍，將之官，無以自給。時長安富人宗連家累千金，仕周為三原令，有季女，慧而有色。連每求賢夫，聞元淑，請與相見。連有風儀，美談笑，元淑亦慕之。及至其家，服玩居處，擬於將相，酒酣，奏女樂，元淑所未見也。及出，連又致殷勤。元淑再三來，宴樂更侈於前。因問所須，盡買與之，元淑致謝，連復拜求以女妻之。元淑感而納焉，遂為富人。

Yuanshu came from Boling. His father Shimo at first followed Gao Bao, then with his troops submitted to Zhou and was granted Senior Grand Master of the Palace. He resided at Yunyang in Jingzhao. After Emperor Wen of Sui ascended the throne he regularly performed palace guard duty. In time, later he followed the Prince of Jin in campaigning against Chen and died fighting fiercely. In time, the court, because he died in the prince's service, had Yuanshu inherit his father's original post and granted three thousand lengths of goods. Yuanshu's nature was bold and unrestrained. He did not attend to estates and his household was bare as a wall. In time, later he was appointed General of Agile Cavalry and was about to take up his post but had no means to support himself. At that time the rich man Zong Lian of Chang'an had household wealth of a thousand gold. He had served Zhou as Magistrate of Sanyuan and had a youngest daughter, clever and beautiful. Lian repeatedly sought a worthy son-in-law. Hearing of Yuanshu he requested a meeting. Lian had bearing and grace and spoke elegantly. Yuanshu also admired him. When he reached his home, clothing, playthings, dwelling, and surroundings rivaled those of generals and ministers. When wine was warm female musicians performed — Yuanshu had never seen the like. As he departed, Lian again showed great courtesy. In time, yuanshu came again and again; banquets and music were more lavish than before. He therefore asked what was needed and bought everything for him. Yuanshu thanked him and Lian again bowed and requested his daughter as wife. Yuanshu was moved and accepted her; he at that point became a rich man.

101

從楊素平楊諒，以功進位柱國，曆德州刺史、潁川太守，並有威惠。入為司農卿。玄感有異志，遂與結交。遼東之役，領將軍、典宿衛，加光祿大夫，封葛國公。明年，帝復征高麗，以元淑鎮監渝。及玄感作亂，其弟玄縱自駕所逃歸，路經臨渝。元淑出其小妻魏氏見玄縱，對宴極歡，因與通謀，並受玄縱賂遺。及玄感敗，人有告其事者，帝以屬吏，元淑及魏氏俱斬於涿郡，籍沒其家。

For merit he was advanced to Pillar of State and served as Regional Inspector of Dezhou and Grand Administrator of Yingchuan — all with authority and kindness, and following Yang Su in pacifying Yang Liang. He took office as Minister of Agriculture. Xuangan had rebellious intent; he for this reason formed a friendship with him. With the added title Grand Master of Splendor and enfeoffment as Duke of Ge, and in the Liaodong campaign he held the post of general and supervised palace guard. In time, the next year the emperor again campaigned against Goryeo and made Yuanshu guard and supervise Linyu. When Xuangan rebelled, his younger brother Xuanzong fled from the imperial camp. On the road he passed Linyu. Yuanshu brought out his concubine Lady Wei to meet Xuanzong. They feasted together with utmost joy and therefore plotted together, and Yuanshu also received bribes from Xuanzong. When Xuangan was defeated someone reported the matter. The emperor handed him to the officials and Yuanshu and Lady Wei were both beheaded at Zhuo Commandery. Their household was confiscated.

102

元進，余杭人。少好任俠，為州裏所宗，兩手各長尺餘，臂垂過膝。屬遼東之役，百姓騷動，元進自以相表非常，遂聚亡命。會玄感起于黎陽，元進應之。旬月，眾至數萬，將度江而玄感敗。吳郡硃燮、晉陵管崇亦舉兵，有眾七萬，共迎元進，奉以為主。據吳郡，稱為天子，以燮、崇俱為僕射，署百官。帝令將軍吐萬緒、光祿大夫魚俱羅討焉。為緒所敗，硃燮戰死。俄而緒、俱羅並得罪。江都郡丞王世充發兵擊之。有大流星墜于江都，未及地而南逝，磨拂竹木皆有聲，至吳郡而落於地。元進惡之，令掘地入二丈得一石，徑丈餘。數日，失石所在。世充度江，元進遣兵人各持茅，因風縱火。世充大懼，將棄營。遇反風火轉，元進眾懼燒而退，世充大破之。元進及崇俱為世充所殺。世充坑其眾于黃亭澗，死者三萬人。其後董道沖、沈法興、李子通等並乘此而起。素母弟約。

Yuanjin came from Yuhang. From youth he loved chivalry and was honored by his district. Each hand was more than a chi long and his arms hung past his knees. During the Liaodong campaign the people were in turmoil. Yuanjin considered his physiognomy extraordinary and therefore gathered fugitives. Once Xuangan rose at Liyang, Yuanjin responded to him. Within a month his masses reached tens of thousands. He was about to cross the Yangtze when Xuangan was defeated. Zhu Xie of Wu Commandery and Guan Chong of Jinling also raised troops with seventy thousand men. Together they welcomed Yuanjin and installed him as leader. They held Wu Commandery, — style name themselves Son of Heaven, and made Xie and Chong both Vice Ministers, appointing the hundred officials. In time, the emperor ordered General Tuwann Xu and Grand Master of Splendor Yu Juruo to attack them. In time, they were defeated by Xu; Zhu Xie died in battle. Not long after, both Xu and Juruo were punished. Wang Shichong, assistant administrator of Jiangdu commandery, sent troops against them. A great meteor fell at Jiangdu. Before reaching the ground it sped south, rubbing bamboo and trees so all made sound, and fell to earth at Wu Commandery. Where a stone was found more than a zhang in diameter, and yuanjin hated this and ordered the ground dug two zhang deep. Later, after several days the stone's location could not be found. Shichong crossed the Yangtze. Yuanjin sent troops each holding straw and set fires with the wind. In time, shichong was greatly afraid and was about to abandon camp. A contrary wind turned the fire. Yuanjin's masses feared being burned and retreated, and Shichong broke them utterly. In time, yuanjin and Chong were both killed by Shichong. In time, shichong buried their masses alive at Huangting Stream; the dead numbered thirty thousand. Shen Faxing, Li Zitong, and others all rose taking advantage of this, and after this Dong Daochong. Su's younger brother by the same mother was Yue.

103

約字惠伯。童兒時嘗登樹，墜地為查傷，由是竟為宦者。性如沈靜，內多譎詐，好學強記。素友愛之，凡有所為，先籌於約而行。在周末，以素軍功賜爵安成縣公，拜上儀同三司。文帝受禪，歷位長秋卿、鄜州刺史、宗正、大理三少卿。

Yue, — style name Huibo. As a child he once climbed a tree, fell, and was injured by a branch. For this reason he ended up a eunuch. His nature was deep and quiet, inwardly full of deceit. He loved learning and had a strong memory. Su loved and trusted him. Whatever Su undertook he first planned with Yue before acting. Through Su's military merit he was granted the title Baron of Ancheng County and appointed Honorary Three Dukes, and under the Zhou end. After Emperor Wen received the Mandate he served as Director of the Autumn Office, Regional Inspector of Fuzhou, Director of the Imperial Clan, and Vice Director of the Court of Justice.

104

時皇太子無寵，晉王廣規奪宗，以素幸於上而雅信約，乃用張衡計，遣宇文述大以金寶賂約，因通王意，說之曰：「夫守正履道，固人臣之常致；反經合義，亦達者之令圖。自古賢人君子，莫不與時消息，以避禍患。公兄弟功名蓋世，用事有年，朝臣為足下家所屈辱者，可勝數哉？又儲宮以所欲不行，每切齒於執政。公雖自結於人主，而欲危公者亦多矣。主上一旦棄群臣，公亦何以取庇？今皇太子失愛于皇后，主上素有廢黜之心，此公所知也。今若請立晉王，在賢兄之口耳。誠能因此時建大功，王必鎮銘於骨髓，斯則去累卵之危，成太山之安也。」約然之，又白素。素本凶險，聞之大喜，乃撫掌曰：「吾智慧殊不及此，賴汝起餘。」約知其計行，復謂素曰：「今皇后之言，上無不用，宜因機會，早自結托，則匪惟長保榮祿，傳祚子孫。又晉王傾身禮士，聲名日盛；躬履節儉，有主上之風。以約料之，必能安天下。兄若遲疑，一旦有變，令太子用事，恐禍至無日。」素遂行其策，太子果廢。

At that time the Crown Prince had no favor. The Prince of Jin, Guang, plotted to seize the succession. Because Su was favored by the emperor and deeply trusted Yue, he used Zhang Heng's plan and sent Yuwen Shu with great gold and jewels to bribe Yue, thereby conveying the prince's intent and persuading him, saying, "To keep upright and tread the Way is indeed the constant conduct of a minister; To go against the norm yet accord with righteousness is likewise the excellent design of the far-sighted. In time, since ancient times worthy men and gentlemen have all moved with the times to avoid disaster and harm. In time, your lordship's brothers' fame and achievement cover the age and you have held power for years — how many court ministers have been humiliated by your household? Because his wishes are not fulfilled, constantly gnashes his teeth at those in power, and moreover the Heir Apparent. Those who wish you harm are also many, and though you attach yourselves to the ruler. In time, if the ruler one day abandons his ministers, how will you find protection? In time, now the Crown Prince has lost the empress's love and the ruler has long had intent to depose him — this your lordship knows. It rests on your worthy elder brother's lips alone, and if you now request installing the Prince of Jin. The prince will surely inscribe it in his marrow — then you escape the peril of an egg piled up and achieve the security of Mount Tai, and if you can thereby at this time establish great merit. In time, " Yue agreed and reported to Su. Su's nature was originally fierce and dangerous. Hearing this he was greatly pleased and clapped his hands, saying, "My wisdom is far inferior to this — I rely on you to rouse what remains in me." Yue knew the plan would succeed and again said to Su, "Now the empress's words — none go unused by the emperor. You should seize the opportunity and early attach yourselves to him, then not only will you long preserve rank and emolument but succession will pass to sons and grandsons. In time, moreover the Prince of Jin bows his body to honor scholars and his reputation grows daily; In time, he personally practices thrift and has the bearing of the ruler. In Yue's judgment he will surely be able to settle the realm. Once there is sudden change and the Crown Prince holds power, I fear disaster will come within days, and if elder brother hesitates." Su at that point carried out the plan and the Crown Prince was indeed deposed.

105

及帝在東都，令約詣京師享廟，行至華陰，見其先墓。遂枉道拜哭，為憲司所劾，坐免官。尋拜浙陽太守。其兄子玄感時為禮部尚書，與約恩義甚篤，既愴分離，形於顏色。帝謂曰：「公比憂瘁，得非為叔也？」玄感再拜流涕曰：「誠如聖旨。」帝亦思約廢立功，由是征入朝。未幾卒，以素子玄挺後之。

When the emperor was at the eastern capital he ordered Yue to go to the capital to offer at the ancestral temple. Traveling to Huayin he saw his ancestors' tombs. He thereupon left the route to bow and weep and was impeached by the censorate. He was dismissed from office. It was not long before he was named Grand Administrator of Zheyang. His elder brother's son Xuangan was then Minister of Rites and was very close in friendship with Yue. Grieved at parting, his distress showed on his face. The emperor said to him, "You seem more sorrowful than usual — is it not for your uncle?" Xuangan bowed again with streaming tears and said, "It is indeed as Your Majesty says. In time, " The emperor also remembered Yue's merit in deposing the former heir and therefore summoned him to court. He died not long after; Su's son Xuanting was made his heir.

106

穆字紹叔，暄弟也。仕魏，華州別駕。孝武末，弟寬請以澄城縣伯讓穆，詔許之。終於并州刺史，贈開府儀同三司、華州刺史。

Mu, — style name Shaoshu, was Xuan's younger brother. They served Wei as Vice Administrator of Huazhou. At the end of Emperor Xiaowu's reign his younger brother Kuan requested to yield the Baron of Chengcheng County to Mu. An edict approved this. He ended as Regional Inspector of Bingzhou. Posthumously granted Grand Master of the Palace with Honorary Three Dukes and Regional Inspector of Huazhou.

107

穆弟儉，字景則。偉容儀，有才行。位北雍州刺史，政尚寬惠，夷夏安之。後從破齊神武于沙苑，封夏陽縣侯，位開府儀同三司、華州刺史。卒，諡靜。

Mu's younger brother Jian, — style name Jingze. He had an imposing appearance and both ability and conduct. He held the post of Regional Inspector of Northern Yongzhou. His governance valued generosity and the barbarians and Chinese were at peace. Holding the posts of Grand Master of the Palace with Honorary Three Dukes and Regional Inspector of Huazhou, and later he followed in breaking Qi Shenwu at Shayuan and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Xiayang County. When he died his posthumous title was Jing.

108

子異，字文殊。美風儀，有器局。髫齔就學，日誦千言，見者奇之。九歲丁父憂，哀毀過禮，殆將滅性。及免喪之後，絕慶吊，閉戶讀書。數年之間，博涉書記。周閔帝時，為甯都郡太守，甚有能名，賜爵樂昌縣子，後數以軍功進爵為侯。隋文帝作相，行濟州事。及踐阼，拜宗正少卿，加上開府。蜀王秀之鎮益州也，朝廷盛選綱紀，以異方直，拜益州總管長史，尋遷西南道行台兵部尚書。後曆宗正卿、刑部尚書，出為吳州總管，甚有能名。時晉王廣鎮揚州，詔令異每歲一與王相見，評論得失，規諫疑闕。卒於官。子虔遜。

His son Yi, — style name Wenshu. In time, he had fine bearing and capacity. Once while still in infancy he began study and daily recited a thousand words; those who saw him marveled. At nine he entered mourning for his father. His grief exceeded the rites and he nearly destroyed his life. Once mourning ended he ceased congratulations and condolences and closed his door to read books. In time, within several years he broadly mastered records and writings. During Emperor Xiaomin of Zhou's reign he was Grand Administrator of Ningdu Commandery with a very able reputation. He was granted the title Baron of Lechang County and later through repeated military merit his title was advanced to marquis. After Emperor Wen of Sui was chief minister he handled affairs of Jizhou. Once he ascended the throne Yi was appointed Vice Director of the Imperial Clan with the added title Senior Grand Master of the Palace. When the Prince of Shu, Xiu, governed Yizhou the court carefully selected administrators. Because Yi was upright he was made Chief Administrator of the Yizhou headquarters, and soon transferred to Minister of the Seven Arms of the Southwest Circuit Grand Commission. Then went out as Commander of Wuzhou with a very able reputation, and later he served as Director of the Imperial Clan and Minister of Punishments. At that time the Prince of Jin, Guang, governed Yangzhou. An edict ordered Yi to meet with the prince once each year to discuss gains and losses and remonstrate regarding doubts and omissions. He died in office. His son was Qianxun.

109

寬子蒙仁，儉弟也。少有大志，每與諸兒童遊處，必擇高大之物坐之，見者咸異焉。及長，頗解屬文，尤尚武藝。弱冠，除奉朝請。父鈞出鎮恆州，請隨從展效，乃授高闕戍主。既而蠕蠕亂，共主阿那瑰奔魏，魏帝詔鈞衛送，寬亦從行。時北邊賊起，攻圍鎮城。鈞卒，城人等推寬守禦。尋而城陷，寬乃北走蠕蠕，後討六鎮賊破，寬始得還朝。

Kuan, — style name Mengren, was Jian's younger brother. From youth he had great ambition. Whenever he played with other children he always chose the highest and largest thing to sit on — all who saw marveled. As an adult he was quite skilled at literary composition and especially valued martial arts. At his capping ceremony he was appointed Attendant at Court. In time, when his father Jun went out to govern Hengzhou he requested to follow and show merit and was therefore made commander of Gaolue garrison. Before long the Ruru were in turmoil. Their chief Anagui fled to Wei; the Wei emperor ordered Jun to escort and guard him, and Kuan also followed. In time, at that time bandits rose on the northern frontier and attacked and besieged the garrison town. In time, jun died and the people of the town pushed Kuan to defend. Before long the town fell. Kuan fled north to the Ruru, and later when the Six Garrisons rebels were defeated Kuan was able to return to court.

110

廣陽王深與寬素相昵，深犯法得罪，寬被逮捕。孝莊為侍中，與寬有舊，藏之於宅，遇赦得免。除宗正丞。北海王顥少相器重，時為大行臺北征葛榮，欲啟寬為左丞。寬辭以孝莊厚恩未報，義不見利而動。顥未之許，顥妹婿李神軌謂顥曰：「匹夫猶不可奪志，況義士乎。」乃止。

The Prince of Guangyang, Shen, was intimate with Kuan by nature. Shen violated the law and was punished, and Kuan was arrested. Emperor Xiaozhuang as Palace Attendant had old ties with Kuan and hid him in his residence. He met with an amnesty and escaped punishment. They appointed him as Assistant Director of the Imperial Clan. The Prince of Beihai, Hao, valued him highly from youth. He was then Grand Commissioner campaigning north against Ge Rong and wished to appoint Kuan Left Director. In time, kuan declined, saying Xiaozhuang's deep grace had not been repaid and it was not righteous to move for profit. Hao did not agree. Hao's sister's husband Li Shengui said to Hao, "Even a common man cannot have his resolve taken from him — how much more a man of righteousness!" Thereupon he desisted.

111

孝莊踐阼，累遷洛陽令，以都督從太宰、上党王元穆討平邢杲。師未還。屬元顥入洛，莊帝出居河內。天穆懼，集諸將謀之。寬勸天穆徑取成皋，會兵伊、洛。天穆然之，乃趣成皋，令寬與爾硃兆為後拒。尋以眾議不同，乃回赴石濟。寬夜行失道，遂後期，諸將咸言寬少與北海周旋，今不來矣。天穆答曰：「楊寬非輕去就者也，吾當為諸君明之。」言訖，候騎白寬至。天穆撫髀而笑曰：「吾固知其必來。」遽出帳迎，握其手曰：「是所望也」與天穆俱謁孝莊於太行。仍為都督，從平河內，進圍北中。時梁陳慶之為顥勒兵守北門，天穆駐馬圍外，遣寬至城下說慶之，不答，久之乃曰：「賢兄撫軍在，頗欲相見不？」寬答：「僕兄既力屈凶威，跡淪逆黨，人臣之理，何煩相見。」天穆聞之，自此彌敬。

After Xiaozhuang took the throne the throne Kuan was repeatedly promoted to Magistrate of Luoyang and as area commander followed the Grand Preceptor, the Prince of Shangdang, Yuan Mu, in pacifying Xing Gao. The army had not yet returned. In time, just then Yuan Hao entered Luoyang and Emperor Zhuang went out to reside at Henei. In time, tian Mu was afraid and gathered the generals to discuss. In time, kuan urged Tian Mu to take Chenggao directly and assemble troops at the Yi and Luo rivers. Ordering Kuan and Erzhu Zhao to serve as rear guard, and tian Mu agreed and hurried to Chenggao. Not long after, because opinions differed they turned back toward Shiji. Kuan traveled by night and lost the way, thus arriving late. The generals all said Kuan had long associated with Beihai and would not come. Tian Mu replied, "Yang Kuan is not one to leave lightly — I will make this clear to you all." As he finished speaking scouts reported Kuan had arrived. Tian Mu slapped his thigh and laughed, "I knew fixedly he would come." He at once went out of the tent to welcome him, grasped his hand and said, "This is what I hoped for," and together with Tian Mu paid respects to Xiaozhuang at Mount Taihang. Followed in pacifying Henei, and advanced to besiege the Northern Center, and he again served as area commander. At that time Liang's Chen Qingzhi for Hao led troops guarding the North Gate. Tian Mu halted his horse outside the encirclement and sent Kuan to the foot of the wall to persuade Qingzhi; there was no answer. After a long time he finally said, "Your worthy elder brother the Pacification General is here — do you not wish to see him?" Kuan replied, "My elder brother has exhausted his strength against villainous might and his traces belong to the rebel party — the principle of a minister. Why trouble about meeting? In time, " Tian Mu heard this and from then on respected him ever more.

112

孝莊反正，除太府卿、華州大中正，封澄城縣伯。爾硃榮被誅，其從弟世澄等出據河橋，還逼京師，進寬使持節、大都督，隨機捍禦。世隆謂寬曰：「豈忘大宰相知之深也？」寬答曰：「太宰見愛以禮，人臣之交耳，今日之事，事君之節。」及爾硃兆陷洛陽，囚執孝莊帝，寬還洛不可，遂自成皋奔梁。至建鄴，聞莊帝弑崩，寬發喪盡禮，梁武義之。尋而禮送還。孝武初，除給事黃門侍郎。

Once Xiaozhuang restored the correct order Kuan was appointed Director of the Treasury and Senior Arbiter of Huazhou, enfeoffed as Baron of Chengcheng County. When Erzhu Rong was executed his younger cousin Shicheng and others seized the River Bridge and turned back to press the capital. Kuan was advanced as bearer of the staff of authority and Grand Area Commander to resist as circumstances required. Shilong said to Kuan, "Have you forgotten how deeply the Grand Chancellor knew you?" Kuan replied, "The Grand Preceptor treated me with courtesy in friendship — that is the exchange of ministers. Today's affair is the integrity of serving one's ruler. Kuan could not return to Luoyang and therefore from Chenggao fled to Liang, and " When Erzhu Zhao took Luoyang and imprisoned Emperor Zhuang. Reaching Jiankang he heard Emperor Zhuang had been murdered. Kuan observed mourning with full rites and Emperor Wu of Liang honored his righteousness. Not long after he was sent back with ceremony. Early in Emperor Xiaowu's reign he was named Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate.

113

孝武與齊神武有隙，遂召募驍勇，廣增宿衛，以寬為閣內大都督，專總禁旅。從孝武入關，兼吏部尚書，錄從駕勳，進爵華山郡公。大統初，遷太子太傅。五年，除驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、都督、東雍州刺史，即本州也。廢帝初，為尚書左僕射、將作大監，坐事免。周明帝初，拜大將軍，從駕蘭祥討吐谷渾，破之，別封宜陽縣公。除小塚宰，轉禦正中大夫。武成二年，詔寬與麟趾殿學士參定經籍。

Emperor Xiaowu had a rift with Qi Shenwu and therefore recruited the brave and bold, broadly increasing palace guard. Kuan was made Grand Area Commander within the palace gates, exclusively commanding the forbidden troops. Recording merit of those who followed the imperial carriage, and advanced in enfeoffment to Duke of Huashan Commandery, and following Xiaowu into Guanzhong he was additionally Minister of Personnel. Early in Datong he was moved to Junior Tutor to the Crown Prince. Grand Master of the Palace with Honorary Three Dukes, area commander, and Regional Inspector of Eastern Yongzhou — his native province, and in the fifth year he was appointed General of Agile Cavalry. In time, early in the Deposed Emperor's reign he was Left Vice Minister of the Imperial Secretariat and Grand Supervisor of Construction but was dismissed for an offense. Early in Emperor Ming of Zhou's reign he was appointed Grand General and followed the imperial carriage with Lan Xiang in campaigning against Tuyuhun, breaking them. He was separately enfeoffed Duke of Yiyang County. They appointed him as Junior Grand Minister and transferred to Director of the Imperial Wardrobe. That year, in the second year of Wucheng an edict ordered Kuan together with academicians of the Linqi Hall to collate the canonical texts.

114

寬性通敏，有器幹。頻牧數州，號稱清簡。曆居台閣，有當官之譽。然與柳機不協，案成其罪，時論頗以此譏之。保定元年，除總管梁興等十九州諸軍事、梁州刺史。薨于州，贈華、陝、虞、上、潞五州刺史，諡曰元。子文恩。

In time, kuan's nature was penetrating and keen with capacity and backbone. In time, repeatedly governing several provinces he was known for clarity and simplicity. Serving long in the high offices, he earned a reputation for fulfilling his post. Yet he was not in harmony with Liu Ji and constructed a case to convict him. Opinion at the time largely faulted him for this. In time, in the first year of Baoding he was appointed area commander of Liangxing and nineteen other provinces and Regional Inspector of Liangzhou. He died in the province. Posthumously granted Regional Inspector of Hua, Shan, Yu, Shang, and Lu provinces; posthumous title Yuan. His son was Wen'en.

115

文恩字溫才。在周，年十一，拜車騎大將軍、儀同三司、散騎常侍。尋以父功，封新豐縣子。天和初，行武都太守。十姓獠反，文恩討平之。復行翼州事。党項羌叛，文恩又討平之。進擊資中、武康、隆山等生獠及東山獠，並破之。從陳王攻齊河陰城，又從武帝攻拔晉州，授上儀同三司，改封承寧縣公。壽陽劉叔仁作亂，從清河公宇文神舉討之，戰于鹆專井，在陣禽叔仁。又別從王誼破賊於鯉魚柵。後累以軍功遷果毅左旅下大夫。

Wen'en, — style name Wencai. In time, under Zhou, at eleven he was appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry, Honorary Three Dukes, and Regular Attendant Cavalier. Not long after, through his father's merit he was enfeoffed Baron of Xinfeng County. In time, early in Tianhe he acted as Grand Administrator of Wudu. The ten-surname Liao rebelled. Wen'en attacked and pacified them. He again handled affairs of Yizhou. The Tangut Qiang rebelled. Wen'en again attacked and pacified them. He pushed forward and to attack the raw Liao of Zizhong, Wukang, Longshan, and the eastern mountain Liao, and broke them all. He followed the Prince of Chen in attacking Heyin city of Qi and followed Emperor Wu in capturing Jinzhou. He was granted Honorary Three Dukes and his enfeoffment was changed to Duke of Chengning County. Shouyang's Liu Shuren rebelled. Following the Duke of Qinghe, Yuwen Shenju, he attacked them. Fighting at Yuzhuan Well he captured Shuren in the battle line. He likewise separately followed Wang Yi in breaking bandits at Carp Palisade. In time, later through repeated military merit he was promoted to Left Brigade Deputy Commander of Guoyi.

116

隋文帝為丞相，從韋孝寬拒尉遲迥于武陟，與行軍總管宇文述擊走其將李俊，遂解懷州圍。破尉遲惇，平鄴城，皆有功，進授上大將軍，改封洛川縣公，尋拜隆州刺史。開皇元年，進爵正平郡公。後為魏州刺史，甚有惠政，及去職，吏人思之，為立碑頌德。轉冀州刺史。

After Emperor Wen of Sui was chief minister Wen'en followed Wei Xiaokuan in resisting Yuchi Jiong at Wuzhi and together with campaigning commander Yuwen Shu drove off his general Li Jun, thus relieving the siege of Huaizhou. He broke Yuchi Dun and pacified Ye city — all with merit. He was advanced to Superior Grand General, his enfeoffment changed to Duke of Luochuan County, and soon appointed Regional Inspector of Longzhou. That year, in the first year of Kaihuang his title was advanced to Duke of Zhengping Commandery. Later he was Regional Inspector of Weizhou with very benevolent governance. When he left office officials and people missed him and erected a stele praising his virtue. He moved to Regional Inspector of Jizhou.

117

煬帝嗣位，徵為戶部尚書，轉納言，改授右光祿大夫。從幸江都宮，以足疾，不堪趨奏，復授戶部尚書，位右光祿大夫。卒官，諡曰定。初文恩當襲父爵，自以非嫡，遂讓弟紀，當世多之。

Once Emperor Yang succeeded he was summoned as Minister of Revenue, transferred to Chief Censor, and reassigned Right Grand Master of Splendor. Following the emperor to Jiangdu Palace, because of foot ailment he could not hurry to audience. He was again appointed Minister of Revenue, holding the rank of Right Grand Master of Splendor. They died in office; posthumous title Ding. Considering himself not the eldest son, yielded to his younger brother Ji — the age greatly praised this, and initially Wen'en was to inherit his father's title but.

118

紀字溫范，少剛正，有器局。在周，襲爵華山郡公。累遷安州總管長史，將兵迎陳降將王瑗于齊安，與陳將周法尚遇，擊走之，以功進開府。入為虞部下大夫。文帝為丞相，改封汾陰縣公。從梁睿討王謙，以功進授上大將軍。曆資州刺史、宗正少卿，坐事除名。後尋復其爵位，拜熊州刺史，改封上明郡公。除宗正卿，兼給事黃門侍郎，判禮部尚書事。遷荊州總管。卒，諡曰恭。

Ji, style name Wenfan, was from youth stern and upright with capacity and backbone. In time, under Zhou he inherited the title Duke of Huashan Commandery. Repeatedly promoted to Chief Administrator of Anzhou headquarters. He led troops to welcome Chen defector Wang Yuan at Qi'an, met Chen general Zhou Fashang, attacked and drove him off; for merit he was advanced to Grand Master of the Palace. He took office as Deputy Director of the Parks Office. After Emperor Wen was chief minister his enfeoffment was changed to Duke of Fenyin County. In time, following Liang Rui in attacking Wang Qian he was advanced to Superior Grand General for merit. In time, he served as Regional Inspector of Zizhou and Vice Director of the Imperial Clan but was stripped of name for an offense. Later his title and rank were soon restored. He was appointed Regional Inspector of Xiongzhou and his enfeoffment changed to Duke of Shangming Commandery. They appointed him as Director of the Imperial Clan and Concurrent Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate, acting as Minister of Rites. He moved to Commander of Jingzhou. At his death his posthumous title was Gong.

119

論曰：楊播兄弟俱以忠毅謙謹，荷內外之任；公卿牧守，榮赫累朝，所謂門生故吏遍於天下。而言色恂恂，出於誠至；恭德慎行，為世師範，漢之陳紀，門法所不過焉。後魏以來，一門而已。諸子秀立，青紫盈庭，積善之慶，蓋有憑也。及逆胡擅朝，淫刑肆毒，以斯族而遇斯禍，何報施之反哉。愔雅道風流，早同標緻，公望人物所推。夫處亂虐之世，當機衡之重，朝有善政，是也。及寄天下之命，托六尺之孤，旬朔未幾，身亡君辱。進不能送往事居，觀幾衛主；退不能保身全名，辭寵招福。朝廷之釁，既已仗義斷恩；猜忌之塗，無容推心受亂。是知變通之術，非所長也。處道少而輕俠，俶儻不羈；兼文武之資，包英奇之略，志懷遠大，以功名自許。屬隋文帝將清六合，委以腹心之寄。掃妖氛于牛鬥，江海恬波；摧驍猛于龍庭，匈奴遠遁。若其夷凶靜亂，功臣莫居其右；覽其奇策高文，足為一時之傑。然以智詐自立，不由仁義之道，阿諛時主，高下其心。營構離宮，陷君於奢侈；謀廢塚嫡，致國于傾危。終使宗廟丘墟，市朝霜露，究其禍敗之源，實乃素之由也。玄感宰相之子，荷恩二世，君之失德，當竭腹心。未議致身，先圖問鼎，假稱伊、霍之事，將肆莽、卓之心，人神同疾，敗不旋踵。昆弟就菹醢之誅，先人受焚如之酷，不亦甚乎。約外示溫柔，內懷狡算，為蛇畫足，終傾國本，俾無遺育，不亦宜哉。寬閑關夷險，竟以功名自卒。文恩能以爵讓，其殆仁乎。

In time, the commentator says: Yang Bo's brothers were all loyal, resolute, humble, and cautious, bearing inner and outer appointments; In time, as dukes, ministers, and regional governors their glory lasted for generations — what is called having students and former subordinates throughout the realm. In time, yet their words and bearing were respectful, springing from utmost sincerity; In time, their reverent virtue and careful conduct were models for the age — Han's Chen Ji is not surpassed by their family standards. Since Later Wei there has been only this one clan to compare. In time, their sons stood out elegantly; blue and purple filled the court — the reward of accumulated good fortune surely had its basis. In time, when the rebellious Hu monopolized the court and wanton punishments ran riot, that this clan should meet such disaster — how perverse the retribution! Yin, refined and upright in the Way, was accomplished and elegant. From early on they shared the same distinction — men of public esteem whom people admired. Tyrannical age and hold the weight of the state balance — that the court had good government was due to this, and to stand in a violent. Within a few weeks the ruler died and the lord was shamed, and yet when the mandate of the realm was entrusted to them and the young orphan was placed in their care. In time, advancing, they could not serve the departed and succor the living, watch for signs and guard the sovereign; In time, retreating, they could not preserve their persons and keep their names intact, decline favor and summon blessing. In time, once the court breach had already been cut by righteous severing of ties; In time, on the road of suspicion there was no room to open their hearts and accept turmoil. From this one knows that the art of adaptation was not their strong suit. In time, chudao in youth was lightly chivalrous, bold and unrestrained; His ambition was far-reaching and he pledged himself to merit and fame, and combining civil and military talent and encompassing extraordinary strategy. After Emperor Wen of Sui was about to pacify the realm, he entrusted him with the innermost confidence. In time, he swept demonic vapors from the Bull and Dipper — rivers and seas lay calm; at the Dragon Court he crushed fierce warriors — the Xiongnu fled far away. In time, in pacifying the wicked and quelling disorder, no meritorious minister stood above him; He was fully the outstanding man of his age, and reading his ingenious stratagems and lofty writings. Not following the path of benevolence and righteousness, he flattered the ruler of the time and raised or lowered his heart according to convenience, and yet relying on cunning and fraud to establish himself. In time, he built detached palaces and plunged the ruler into extravagance; In time, he plotted to depose the legitimate heir and brought the state to the brink of ruin. In the end he left the ancestral temples in ruins and the market and court exposed to frost and dew. Tracing the source of disaster and defeat, it was indeed because of Su. Xuangan, son of a chief minister, received favor across two reigns. When the ruler lost virtue, he ought to have poured out his utmost loyalty. Before he had resolved to give his life, he first plotted to seize the throne, falsely claiming the cause of Yi while Huo while intending to unleash the heart of Wang Mang while Dong Zhuo — gods while men alike detested him, and defeat came without turning the heel. His brothers suffered execution by mincing. His forebears endured the agony of burning alive — was it not excessive? Yue outwardly showed gentleness while inwardly harbored crafty schemes. Adding feet to the snake, he ultimately overturned the foundation of the state — that none of his line should survive was only fitting. And in the end died having secured merit and fame for himself, and kuan treated peril and ease with calm detachment. In time, wen'en could yield his rank and fief — was he not nearly benevolent?

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