1
陳書卷二
Book of Chen, Volume 2
2
本紀第二
Annals, Part Two
3
高祖下
The Founder, Part Two
4
永定元年冬十月乙亥，高祖即皇帝位于南郊，柴燎告天曰：「皇帝臣霸先，[1]敢用玄牡昭告于皇皇后帝：梁氏以圮剝荐臻，歷運有極，欽若天應，以命于霸先。 夫肇有烝民，乃樹司牧，選賢與能，未常厥姓。 放勛、重華之世，咸無意於受終，當塗、典午之君，雖有心於揖讓，皆以英才處萬乘，高勳御四海，故能大庇黔首，光宅區縣。 有梁末運，仍葉遘屯，獯醜憑陵，久移神器，承聖在外，非能祀夏，天未悔禍，復罹寇逆，嫡嗣廢黜，宗枝僭詐，天地蕩覆，紀綱泯絕。 霸先爰初投袂，大拯橫流，重舉義兵，實戡多難，廢王立帝，寔有厥功，安國定社，用盡其力。 是謂小康，方期大道。 既而煙雲表色，日月呈瑞，緯聚東井，龍見譙邦，除舊布新，既彰玄象，遷虞事夏，且協謳訟，[2]九域八荒，同布衷款，百神群祀，皆有誠願。 梁帝高謝萬邦，授以大寶，霸先自惟菲薄，讓德不嗣，至于再三，辭弗獲許。 僉以百姓須主，萬機難曠，皇靈眷命，非可謙拒。 畏天之威，用膺嘉祚，永言夙志，能無慚德。 敬簡元辰，升壇受禪，告類上帝，用答民心，永保于我有陳。 惟明靈是饗！」 先是氛霧，晝夜晦冥，至于是日，景氣清晏，識者知有天道焉。 禮畢，輿駕還宮，臨太極前殿。 詔曰：「五德更運，帝王所以御天，三正相因，夏、殷所以宰世，雖色分辭翰，時異文質，揖讓征伐，迄用參差，而育德振民，義歸一揆。 朕以寡昧，時屬艱危，國步屢屯，天維三絕，肆勤先后，拯厥橫流，藉將帥之功，兼猛士之力，一匡天下，再造黔黎。 梁氏以天祿永終，歷數攸在，遵與能之典，集大命于朕躬。 顧惟菲德，辭不獲亮，式從天睠，俯協民心，受終文祖，升禋上帝，繼跡百王，君臨萬宇，若涉川水，罔知攸濟。 寶業初建，皇祚惟新，思俾惠澤，覃被億兆。 可大赦天下，改梁太平二年為永定元年。 賜民爵二級，文武二等。 鰥寡孤獨不能自存者人穀五斛。 逋租宿債，皆勿復收。 其有犯鄉里清議贓汙淫盜者，皆洗除先注，與之更始。 長徒敕繫，特皆原之。 亡官失爵，禁錮奪勞，一依舊典。」 又詔曰：「禮陳杞、宋，詩詠二客，弗臣之重，歷代斯敦。 梁氏欽若人祇，憲章在昔，濟河沈璧，高謝萬邦，茅賦所加，宜遵舊典。 其以江陰郡奉梁主為江陰王，行梁正朔，車旗服色，一依前準，宮館資待，務盡優隆。」 又詔梁皇太后為江陰國太妃，皇后為江陰國妃。 又詔百司依位攝職。
In the tenth month of the first year of Yongding (557), on yihai day, the Founder took the throne at the Southern Suburb. He kindled the firewood offering and addressed Heaven: "Your subject Baxian, now Emperor, [1] ventures to sacrifice a black bull and declare to the August Empress and August Emperor: The Liang dynasty lies in ruins, disaster heaped upon disaster, its mandate spent—yet Heaven's answer has come, and the charge is laid upon Baxian. When the people first arose, rulers were appointed over them; worth and ability, not bloodline alone, decided who would lead. Yao and Shun took the throne without seeking it; the rulers of Wei and Jin, though they spoke of abdication, still set men of rare talent upon the throne and men of towering merit at the helm of the realm—thus they sheltered the people and brought order to the land. In Liang's last days disaster followed disaster. Barbarian armies trampled the borders and the imperial regalia passed from hand to hand. Emperor Chengsheng languished in exile, unable to keep the altars of state; Heaven had not yet lifted the scourge, and rebels struck again. The rightful heir was cast aside; kinsmen seized power by deceit. Heaven and earth were overturned; law and order perished. The Founder first flung aside his robe and plunged into the flood to save the realm; again he raised righteous armies and truly cut through countless perils. He deposed one ruler and set up another—merit undeniable—and gave all his strength to secure the nation and its altars. This was modest order; the Great Way still lay ahead. Then clouds and mist took auspicious hues; sun and moon showed signs; stars clustered at the Eastern Well; a dragon was seen in Qiao. The old order gave way to the new, and Heaven's signs were plain; as in the transfer from Shun to Yu, the people's acclaim agreed. [2] Within the nine provinces and beyond the eight directions, loyal petitions poured in; every spirit and rite was offered in earnest devotion. The Liang emperor abdicated with lofty grace and handed over the great seal. The Founder, judging himself unworthy, declined again and again; a third time he refused, yet consent was denied him. All agreed that the people needed a ruler and the myriad affairs of state could not stand idle; Heaven's favor rested on him—humility was not permitted. In awe of Heaven's majesty he accepted the glorious mandate; yet remembering his lifelong modesty, how could he be free of shame? He reverently chose the auspicious day, ascended the altar, and received the abdication, reporting to the Supreme Lord to answer the people's hearts—may Chen endure forever. May the bright spirits accept this offering!" Before this, miasma and fog had shrouded the land in unbroken gloom. On that day the air cleared and grew serene; the discerning knew Heaven's Way was at work. When the rites were finished, the imperial carriage returned to the palace and halted before the Hall of the Supreme Ultimate. An edict declared: "The Five Virtues succeed one another, and thus emperors and kings hold Heaven's mandate. The Three Rectifications follow in turn, and thus Xia and Yin governed the world. Though ritual color and written style changed with the age, and abdication gave way to conquest as times required, the aim was always one: to nurture virtue and lift up the people. We, unworthy and obscure, came to power in grievous times. The throne stumbled again and again; Heaven's bonds were thrice severed. We labored for our ancestors' sake to stem the flood, leaning on our commanders' deeds and our warriors' might—once to restore the realm and again to remake the people. The House of Liang, its heavenly mandate exhausted, its turn complete, followed the ancient canon of yielding to the worthy and laid the great charge upon Our person. Reflecting on Our meager worth, We could not refuse with honor; bowing to Heaven's favor and the people's will, We received the mandate from the culture-ancestor, ascended to worship the Supreme Lord, and took up the hundred kings' legacy to rule the world—like a man fording a river without knowing the far shore. Our dynasty is newly founded, Our fortune freshly renewed; We mean to spread gracious bounty to the hundred millions. Let there be a general amnesty throughout the realm, and let Liang's second year of Taiping be renamed the first year of Yongding. Grant the people two ranks of nobility and civil and military officials two grades of promotion. Give five hu of grain to each widower, widow, orphan, or solitary who cannot support himself. Overdue rents and old debts shall not be collected again. Those guilty of village scandal, corruption, debauchery, or theft shall have prior records erased and begin anew. Long-term prisoners held under imperial order are specially pardoned. Loss of office, forfeiture of rank, and penalties of disgrace and barred honors shall follow the former statutes." A second edict read: "The Rites enshrine the houses of Qi and Song; the Odes praise the two guest-lords—the ancient honor of not treating them as mere subjects, which every age has upheld. The House of Liang, reverent toward Heaven and the people, took its model from antiquity; crossing the river and casting the jade disk into the stream, it abdicated with lofty grace and surrendered the realm. The tribute of thatch we now confer shall follow the old precedent. Let Jiangyin commandery support the Liang ruler as King of Jiangyin, keeping Liang's calendar, with chariots, banners, and regalia as before; his palaces and stipends shall be maintained in full honor." Another edict named the Liang empress dowager Grand Princess of Jiangyin and the empress consort Princess of Jiangyin. Another edict ordered all offices to resume their duties according to rank.
5
景子，輿駕幸鍾山祠蔣帝廟。 戊寅，輿駕幸華林園，親覽詞訟，臨赦囚徒。 己卯，分遣大使宣勞四方，下璽書敕州郡曰：「夫四王革代，商、周所以應天，五勝相推，軒、羲所以當運。 梁德不造，喪亂積年，東夏崩騰，西都蕩覆。 蕭勃干紀，非唯趙倫，侯景滔天，踰於劉載。 貞陽反篡，賊約連兵，江左累屬於鮮卑，金陵久非於梁國。 有自氤氳混沌之世，[3]龍圖鳳紀之前，東漢興平之初，西朝永嘉之亂，天下分崩，未有若於梁朝者也。 朕以虛薄，屬當興運，自昔登庸，首清諸越，徐門浪泊，靡不征行，浮海乘山，所在戡定。 冒愬風塵，騁馳師旅，六延梁祀，十翦彊寇，豈曰人謀，皆由天啟。 梁氏以天祿斯改，期運永終，欽若唐、虞，推其鼎玉，朕東西退讓，拜手陳辭，避舜子於箕山之陽，求支伯於滄洲之野，而公卿敦逼，率土翹惶，天命難稽，遂享嘉祚。 今月乙亥，升禮太壇，言念遷 （坰） 〔桐〕，[4]但有慚德。 自梁氏將末，頻月亢陽，火運斯終，秋霖奄降。 翌日成禮，圓丘宿設，埃雲晚霽，星象夜張。 朝景重輪，泫三危之膏露，晨光合璧，帶五色之卿雲。 顧惟寡薄，彌慚休祉，昧旦丕顯，方思至治。 卿等擁旄方岳，相任股肱，剖符名守，[5]方寄恤隱。 王曆惟新，念有欣慶，想深求民瘼，務在廉平，愛惠以撫孤貧，威刑以御彊猾。 若有萑蒲之盜，[6]或犯戎商，山谷之酋，擅彊幽險，皆從肆赦，咸使知聞。 如或迷途，俾在無貸。 今遣使人具宣往旨，念思善政，副此虛懷。」
On jingzi day the emperor visited Zhongshan to sacrifice at the temple of Emperor Jiang. On wuyin day the emperor went to Hualin Park, personally heard lawsuits, and pardoned prisoners on the spot. On jimao day he sent great envoys to proclaim comfort to the four quarters, issuing sealed letters of instruction to the provinces and commanderies: "The four kings changed the age—Shang and Zhou thus answered Heaven; the Five Agents succeeded one another—Xuan and Xi thus met their destined turn. Liang's mandate failed; mourning and chaos lasted for years. The east erupted in rebellion; the western capital was overrun. Xiao Bo rebelled against the throne—his crime outdid Zhao Lun's. Hou Jing's outrage touched Heaven—it exceeded Liu Zai's. Zhenyang seized the throne by treachery; rebels joined forces in league. The lands east of the Yangtze fell under Xianbei rule; Jinling for long was no longer Liang's. From the age of primordial chaos, [3] before the dragon chart and phoenix annals, from Eastern Han's Xingping through Western Jin's Yongjia disaster—the realm has fractured, but never as ruinously as under Liang. We, unworthy and slight, came to power at a time of renewal. From our first rise we cleared the Yue lands; at Xumen and Langbo we left no foe unbeaten. Crossing seas and climbing mountains, we pacified wherever we marched. We braved dust and hardship and drove our armies hard—six times we prolonged Liang's rites, ten times we struck down mighty rebels. This was not human planning alone; Heaven opened the way. The House of Liang, its mandate spent, its turn complete—like Tang and Yu they offered up the regalia. We yielded east and west, bowed with joined hands and pleaded our case, hiding like Shun's son on Mount Ji's sunny slope, seeking Zhibo on Cangzhou's wilds—but ministers pressed us and the realm looked up in dread. Heaven's mandate would not wait; thus We received the glorious throne. This month, on yihai, We performed the rites at the Great Altar, mindful of the transfer (jiong) [alternate reading: tong], [4] yet We are ashamed of Our meager worth. As Liang neared its end, drought blazed for months; the fire cycle closed, and autumn rains burst forth. On the morrow the rites were complete. The round altar had been prepared overnight; evening dust clouds cleared and the stars shone forth. At dawn the sun showed a double halo, dripping the sacred dew of Mount Sanwei; morning light joined like paired jades, trailing five-colored auspicious clouds. Reflecting on Our slight worth, We are the more ashamed of such blessing. From cockcrow We labor for good government and now ponder how best to rule. You who bear command in the provinces are Our arms and thighs; you who hold the tallies as governors [5] are charged with pity for the people. The calendar is newly renewed—share in the people's joy. Probe deeply for their hardships; keep government honest and fair. Show kindness to orphans and the poor; use stern law against the violent and cunning. Reed-marsh bandits [6] who break martial law, mountain chiefs who lord over hidden passes—all are included in the amnesty; make this known everywhere. Those who still stray from the path shall receive no mercy. We now send envoys to proclaim Our intent in full. Devise good government and answer Our earnest hope."
6
庚辰，詔出佛牙於杜姥宅，集四部設無遮大會，高祖親出闕前禮拜。 初，齊故僧統法獻於烏纏國得之，常在定林上寺，梁天監末，為攝山慶雲寺沙門慧興保藏，慧興將終，以屬弟慧志，承聖末，慧志密送于高祖，至是乃出。
On gengchen day an edict brought the Buddha's tooth forth from the Du family's old residence. The four assemblies were gathered for a boundless great assembly, and the Founder came in person before the palace gate to bow in worship. Long before, Fazian, former Buddhist superintendent of Qi, had obtained it in Wuchan; it had remained at Dinglin Upper Monastery. In the last years of Liang's Tianjian reign the monk Huixing of Qingyun Monastery on She Mountain kept it safe. On his deathbed Huixing entrusted it to his brother Huizhi. At the end of the Chengsheng era Huizhi secretly sent it to the Founder; only now was it displayed.
7
辛巳，追尊皇考曰景皇帝，廟號太祖； 皇妣董太夫人曰安皇后。 追謚前夫人錢氏號為昭皇后，世子克為孝懷太子。 立夫人章氏為皇后。 癸未，尊景帝陵曰瑞陵，昭皇后陵曰嘉陵，依梁初園陵故事。 立刪定郎，治定律令。 戊子，遷景皇帝神主祔于太廟。 辛卯，以中權將軍、開府儀同三司、丹陽尹王沖為左光祿大夫。 癸巳，追贈皇兄梁故散騎常侍、平北將軍、兗州刺史[7]長城縣公道譚驃騎大將軍、太尉，封始興郡王； 弟梁故侍中、驃騎將軍、南徐州刺史武康縣侯[8]休先車騎大將軍、司徒，封南康郡王。
On xinsi day the Founder's late father was posthumously honored as Emperor Jing, with temple name Taizu; and the Founder's late mother, Lady Dong, as Empress An. The former primary consort of the Qian clan was posthumously titled Empress Zhao; the heir Ke was named Filial and Cherishing Crown Prince. Lady Zhang was installed as empress. On guiwei day Emperor Jing's tomb was styled Ruiling and Empress Zhao's Jialing, following Liang's early garden-tomb precedent. Officers for revision and codification were appointed to compile laws and ordinances. On wuzi day the spirit tablet of Emperor Jing was enshrined in the Grand Temple. On xinmao day Wang Chong, central authority general, grand mentor with staff equal to the three dukes, and Danyang intendant, was made left grand master of the palace. On guisi day the Founder's elder brother, the late Liang scattered-cavalry palace attendant, general who pacifies the north, and Yanzhou inspector [7] Duke Daotan of Changcheng county, was posthumously made grand general of agile cavalry and grand tutor and enfeoffed as King of Shixing; his younger brother, the late Liang palace attendant, grand general of agile cavalry, and South Xuzhou inspector [8] Marquis Xiuxian of Wukang county, was made grand general of chariots and cavalry and minister of education and enfeoffed as King of Nankang.
8
是月，西討都督周文育、侯安都於郢州敗績，囚于王琳。
That month the western campaign commander Zhou Wenyü and Hou Andu were defeated at Yingzhou and taken prisoner by Wang Lin.
9
十一月景申，詔曰：「東都齊國，義乃親賢，西漢城陽，事兼功烈。 散騎常侍、使持節、都督會稽等十郡諸軍事、宣毅將軍、會稽太守長城縣侯蒨，學尚清優，神宇凝正，文參禮樂，武定妖氛，心力謀猷，為家治國，擁旄作守，期月有成，辟彼關河，[9]功踰蕭、寇，萑蒲之盜，自反耕農，篁竹之豪，用稟聲朔。 朕以虛寡，屬當興運，提彼三尺，賓于四門，王業艱難，賴乎此子，宜隆上爵，稱是元功。 可封臨川郡王，邑二千戶。 兄子梁中書侍郎頊襲封始興王，弟子梁中書侍郎曇朗襲封南康王，禮秩一同正王。」 己亥，甘露降于鍾山松林，彌滿巖谷。 庚子，開善寺沙門採之以獻，敕頒賜群臣。 景辰，以鎮西將軍、南豫州刺史徐度為鎮右將軍、領軍將軍。 庚申，京師大火。
In the eleventh month, on jingshen day, an edict declared: "The eastern capital honored Qi for kinship and worth together; Western Han's Prince of Chengyang joined merit with family bond. Scattered-cavalry palace attendant, bearer of the staff, commander-in-chief of Kuaiji and ten commanderies, general who proclaims martial valor, and Kuaiji administrator Marquis Qian of Changcheng—his learning is pure and refined, his bearing grave and correct. In civil affairs he upholds ritual and music; in war he quells rebellion. With heart and stratagem he has ordered home and state alike. As territorial defender, within a month he brought order. On the frontier passes [9] his merit outdid Xiao Can and Kou Xun; marsh bandits returned to the plow; mountain lords accepted Our calendar. We, unworthy and alone, came to power in a time of renewal. With sword in hand We opened the four gates to talent. The founding of the dynasty was arduous—we lean on this son. Let him receive exalted rank worthy of his foremost merit. Let him be enfeoffed as King of Linchuan with a fief of two thousand households. His nephew Xu, former Liang gentleman of the central secretariat, inherited the enfeoffment as King of Shixing; his younger brother's son Tanlang, former Liang gentleman of the central secretariat, inherited as King of Nankang—their ritual standing equal to that of reigning kings." On jihai day sweet dew fell in the pine forest of Zhongshan until cliffs and valleys were full. On gengzi day a monk of Kaishan Monastery gathered it and presented it; an edict ordered it distributed among the ministers. On jingchen day Xu Du, general who pacifies the west and South Yuzhou inspector, was made general who pacifies the right and commander of the palace guards. On gengshen day a great fire broke out in the capital.
10
十二月庚辰，皇后謁太廟。
In the twelfth month, on gengchen day, the empress visited the Grand Temple.
11
二年春正月乙未，詔曰：「夫設官分職，因事重輕，羽儀車馬，隨時隆替，晉之五校，鳴笳啟途，漢之九卿，傳呼並迾，虞官夏禮，豈曰同科，殷朴周文，固無恆格。 朕膺茲寶歷，代是天工，留念官方，庶允時衷。 梁天監中，左右驍騎領朱衣直閤，並給儀從，北徐州刺史 （唱） 〔昌〕義之 （初） 首為此職。 [10]亂離歲久，朝典不存，後生年少，希聞舊則。 今去左右驍騎，宜通文武，文官則用腹心，武官則用功臣，所給儀從，同太子二衛率。 此外眾官，尚書詳為條制。」 車騎將軍、開府儀同三司侯瑱進位司空，中權將軍、開府儀同三司、新除左光祿大夫王沖為太子少傅。 左衛將軍徐世譜為護軍將軍，南兗州刺史吳明徹進號安南將軍，衡州刺史歐陽頠進號鎮南將軍。 辛丑，輿駕親祠南郊。 詔曰：「朕受命君臨，初移星琯，孟陬嘉月，備禮泰壇，景候昭華，人祗允慶，思令億兆，咸與惟新。 且往代祅氛，于今猶梗，軍機未息，徵賦咸繁，事不獲已，久知下弊，言念黔黎，無忘寢食。 夫罪無輕重，已發覺未發覺，在今昧爽以前，皆赦除之。 西寇自王琳以下，並許返迷，一無所問。 近所募義軍，本擬西寇，並宜解遣，留家附業。 晚訂軍資未送者並停，元年軍糧逋餘者原其半。 州郡縣軍戍並不得輒遣使民閒，務存優養。 若有侵擾，嚴為法制。」 乙巳，輿駕親祠北郊。 甲辰，振遠將軍、梁州刺史張立表稱去乙亥歲八月，[11]丹徒、蘭陵二縣界遺山側，一旦因濤水涌生，沙漲，周旋千餘頃，並膏腴，堪墾植。 戊午，輿駕親祠明堂。
In spring of the second year, on yiwei day of the first month, an edict declared: "Offices and duties are weighed by the business at hand; ceremonial escorts rise and fall with the age. Jin's Five Commandants sounded the reed-pipe to clear the road; Han's nine ministers had heralds cry out as they passed—Yu and Xia rites were not one model; Yin austerity and Zhou ornament had no fixed pattern. We have received the sacred succession and take up Heaven's task; We mean to restore official ranks to suit the present need. Under Liang's Tianjian reign, the left and right valiant cavalry led the vermilion-robed direct attendants and were both granted ceremonial escorts. The North Xuzhou inspector (chang) [alternate reading: chang] Yizhi (chu) was the first to hold this office. [10] Years of chaos have effaced the court's precedents; the young scarcely know the old rules. We now abolish the left and right valiant cavalry and make the post serve both civil and military ranks—civil officials drawn from trusted intimates, military from meritorious commanders—with escorts equal to the crown prince's two guard commanders. For all other offices the Masters of Writing shall draft detailed regulations." Hou Tian, grand general of chariots and cavalry and grand mentor with staff equal to the three dukes, was promoted to minister of works; Wang Chong, central authority general, grand mentor with staff equal to the three dukes, and newly appointed left grand master of the palace, became junior tutor of the crown prince. Xu Shipu, left guard general, became general who protects the army; Wu Mingche, South Yanzhou inspector, was promoted to general who pacifies the south; Ouyang Yi, Hengzhou inspector, was promoted to general who pacifies the south. On xinchou day the emperor sacrificed in person at the Southern Suburb. An edict declared: "We received the mandate and now rule the realm; the calendar has newly turned. In the auspicious first month We completed the rites at the Great Altar. The seasons showed bright signs; Heaven and the people rejoiced together. We mean for the hundred millions to share in this renewal. Yet the evil vapors of former days still linger; armies have not rested; levies remain heavy. Necessity alone drove this—we have long known the people's hardship. When We think of the common folk, We cannot sleep in peace. Crimes light or heavy, discovered or not—before dawn today all are pardoned. Western rebels from Wang Lin downward may return to the fold without question. Volunteer armies lately raised against the western foe shall be disbanded and sent home to their fields. Military supplies still undelivered are cancelled; half the surplus grain levied in the first year is forgiven. Provinces, commanderies, counties, and garrisons must not send agents among the people without authorization; they shall treat the people with care. Whoever harasses the people shall be punished under strict law." On yisi day the emperor personally sacrificed at the Northern Suburb. On jiachen day Zhang Li, general who quells the distance and Liangzhou inspector, reported that in the eighth month two years before, [11] beside a remnant hill on the border of Dantu and Lanling, tidal flood had suddenly thrown up sand over a thousand qing of rich soil fit for cultivation. On wuwu day the emperor personally sacrificed at the Bright Hall.
12
二月壬申，南豫州刺史沈泰奔于齊。 [12]辛卯，詔車騎將軍、司空侯瑱總督水步眾軍以遏齊寇。
In the second month, on renshen day, Shen Tai, inspector of South Yuzhou, defected to Qi. [12] On xinmao day an edict placed Hou Tian, grand general of chariots and cavalry and minister of works, in overall command of naval and land forces to block the Qi invasion.
13
三月甲午，詔曰：「罰不及嗣，自古通典，罪疑惟輕，布在方策。 沈泰反覆無行，遐邇所知，昔有微功，仍荷朝寄，剖符名郡，推轂累藩，漢口班師，還居方岳，良田有逾於四百，食客不止於三千，富貴顯榮，政當如此。 鬼害其盈，天奪之魄，無故猖狂，自投獯醜。 雖復知人則哲，惟帝其難，光武有蔽於龐萌，魏武不知於于禁，但令朝廷無我負人。 其部曲妻兒各令復業，所在及軍人若有恐脅侵掠者，皆以劫論。 若有男女口為人所藏，並許詣臺申訴。 若樂隨臨川王及節將立效者，悉皆聽許。」 乙卯，高祖幸後堂聽訟，還於橋上觀山水，賦詩示群臣。 是月，王琳立梁永嘉王蕭莊于郢州。
In the third month, on jiawu day, an edict declared: "Punishment does not fall on heirs—so the ancients taught; when guilt is in doubt, favor mercy—so the law books say. Shen Tai was treacherous and faithless, known throughout the realm. He had once done minor service and still held the court's trust; enfeoffed in a great commandery, promoted through many frontier posts. After the Hankou campaign he returned to provincial command. His estates ran to four hundred fields; his retainers to three thousand—such were the rewards of his rank. His pride invited ruin; Heaven withdrew his wits. Without provocation he rebelled and cast himself among the barbarians. Even the wise err in judging men—only an emperor finds it hardest. Guangwu was deceived by Pang Meng; Cao Cao misread Yu Jin. Let the court never say We wronged Our servants. His soldiers' families shall return to their trades. Any trooper who threatens or loots the people shall be punished as a brigand. Anyone held in secret bondage may appeal at court. Those who wish to serve the King of Linchuan or other commanders in earning merit may do so." On yimao day the Founder heard cases in the rear hall; on his way back he paused on the bridge to take in the landscape and wrote a poem for his ministers. That month Wang Lin set up Xiao Zhuang, Prince of Yongjia of Liang, at Yingzhou.
14
六月己巳，詔司空侯瑱、領軍將軍徐度率舟師為前軍，以討王琳。
In the sixth month, on jisi day, an edict ordered Hou Tian, minister of works, and Xu Du, palace bulwark general, to lead the fleet as vanguard against Wang Lin.
15
秋七月戊戌，輿駕幸石頭，親送填等。 己亥，江州刺史周迪擒王琳將李孝欽、樊猛、余孝頃于工塘。 甲辰，遣吏部尚書謝哲諭王琳。 甲寅，嘉禾一穗六岐生五城。 初，侯景之平也，火焚太極殿，承聖中議欲營之，獨闕一柱，至是有樟木大十八圍，長四丈五尺，流泊陶家後渚，監軍鄒子度以聞。 詔中書令沈眾兼起部尚書，少府卿蔡儔兼將作大匠，起太極殿。
In the seventh month, on wuxu day, the emperor went to Stone City and personally saw off Hou Tian and the commanders. On jihai day Zhou Di, inspector of Jiangzhou, took Wang Lin's generals Li Xiaoqin, Fan Meng, and Yu Xiaoxiang at Gongtang. On jiachen day Xie Zhe, minister of personnel, was dispatched to address Wang Lin. On jiayin day a six-tined ear of grain appeared at Wucheng. When Hou Jing fell, fire had destroyed the Hall of the Supreme Ultimate. Under Emperor Chengsheng the court planned to rebuild it but lacked a single pillar. Now a camphor eighteen spans around and four zhang five chi long drifted to the Tao family's rear landing; the supervising general Zou Zidu reported it. An edict named Shen Zhong, director of the central secretariat, concurrent director of the ministry that raises works, and Cai Chou, junior chamberlain for the palace treasury, concurrent director of works, to rebuild the Hall of the Supreme Ultimate.
16
八月景寅，以廣梁郡為陳留郡。 辛未，詔臨川王蒨西討，[13]以舟師五萬發自京師，輿駕幸冶城寺親送焉。 前開府儀同三司、南豫州刺史周文育，前鎮北將軍、南徐州刺史、新除開府儀同三司侯安都等於王琳所逃歸，自劾廷尉，即日引見，並宥之。 戊寅，詔復文育等本官。 壬午，追封皇子立為豫章王，諡曰獻； 權為長沙王，諡曰思； 長女為永世公主，諡曰懿。 謝哲反命，王琳請還鎮湘川，詔追眾軍緩其伐。 癸未，西討眾軍至自大雷。 丁亥，以信威將軍、江州刺史周迪為開府儀同三司，進號平南將軍。 改南徐州所領南蘭陵郡復為東海郡。
In the eighth month, on yingyin day, Guangliang commandery was renamed Chenliu. On xinwei day an edict sent the King of Linchuan, Qian, on the western campaign. [13] With fifty thousand sailors he sailed from the capital, and the emperor went in person to Ye City Monastery to see him off. Zhou Wenyü, former grand mentor with staff and inspector of South Yuzhou, and Hou Andu, former general who pacifies the north, inspector of South Xuzhou, and newly made grand mentor with staff, who had escaped Wang Lin, presented themselves to the court of punishments to confess fault; that day they were received and pardoned. On wuyin day an edict restored Wenyü and the others to their former posts. On renwu day the Founder's son Li was posthumously enfeoffed as King of Yuzhang, posthumous name Xian; Quan as King of Changsha, posthumous name Si; and the eldest daughter as Princess of Eternal Generations, posthumous name Yi. Xie Zhe returned without agreement. Wang Lin asked to withdraw to the Xiang; an edict recalled the armies and halted the offensive. On guiwei day the western expedition reached Great Thunder. On dinghai day Zhou Di, trustworthy and martial general and inspector of Jiangzhou, was made grand mentor with staff equal to the three dukes and promoted to general who pacifies the south. South Lanling commandery under South Xuzhou was restored as Donghai.
17
冬十月庚午，遣鎮南將軍、開府儀同三司周文育都督眾軍出豫章，討余孝勱。 乙亥，輿駕幸莊嚴寺，發金光明經題。 丁酉，以仁威將軍、高州刺史黃法𣰋為開府儀同三司，[14]進號鎮南將軍。 [15]甲寅，太極殿成，匠各給復。
In the tenth month, on gengwu day, Zhou Wenyü, pacifying south general and grand mentor with staff, was sent from Yuzhang at the head of the armies against Yu Xiaoxiang. On yihai day the emperor went to Zhuangyan Monastery to inaugurate the lecture on the Sutra of Golden Light. On dingyou day Huang Fa Tu, benevolent and martial general and inspector of Gaozhou, was made grand mentor with staff equal to the three dukes [14] and promoted to general who guards the south. [15] On jiayin day the Hall of the Supreme Ultimate was finished; every craftsman was granted tax and labor exemption.
18
十二月庚申，侍中、安東將軍臨川王蒨率百僚朝前殿，拜上牛酒。 甲子，輿駕幸大莊嚴寺，設無遮大會，捨乘輿法物。 群臣備法駕奉迎，即日輿駕還宮。 景寅，高祖於太極殿東堂宴群臣，設金石之樂，以路寢告成也。 壬申，割吳郡鹽官、海鹽、前京三縣置海寧郡，屬揚州。 以安成所部廣興六洞置安樂郡。 景戌，以寧遠將軍、北江州刺史熊曇朗為開府儀同三司，進號平西將軍。 丁亥，詔曰：「梁時舊仕，亂離播越，始還朝廷，多未銓序。 又起兵已來，軍勳甚眾。 選曹即條文武簿及節將應九流者，量其所擬。」 於是隨材擢用者五十餘人。
On gengshen day Qian, king of Linchuan, palace attendant and pacifying east general, led the hundred offices to the front hall to offer oxen and wine. On jiazi day the emperor went to the Great Zhuangyan Monastery for a boundless great assembly and gave up the imperial carriage and ritual regalia. Ministers with full ceremonial escort came to welcome him; that day the emperor returned to the palace. On yingyin day the Founder feasted his ministers in the eastern hall of the Hall of the Supreme Ultimate with full orchestra, celebrating completion of the inner palace. On renshen day Haining commandery was carved from Yanguan, Haiyan, and Qianjing in Wu commandery and placed under Yangzhou. From the six caves of Guangxing in Ancheng, Anle commandery was established. On jingxu day Xiong Tanlang, pacifying distance general and inspector of North Jiangzhou, was made grand mentor with staff and promoted to general who pacifies the west. On dinghai day an edict declared: "Former officials of Liang, scattered by the troubles, have only now returned to court and for the most part await appointment. Since the armies were raised, military merit has been abundant. The Selection Office shall at once compile rolls of civil and military men and of commanders with staffs eligible for the nine ranks, and assign posts as their talents warrant." More than fifty men were then promoted according to ability.
19
三年春正月己丑，青龍見于東方。 丁酉，以鎮南將軍、廣州刺史歐陽頠即本號開府儀同三司。 是夜大雪，及旦，太極殿前有龍跡見。 甲午，廣州刺史歐陽頠表稱白龍見于州江南岸，[16]長數十丈，大可八九圍，歷州城西道入天井崗。 仙人見于羅浮山寺小石樓，長三丈所，通身潔白，衣服楚麗。 辛丑，詔曰：「南康、始興王諸妹，已有封爵，依禮止是藩主。 此二王者，有殊恆情，宜隆禮數。 諸主儀秩及尚主，可並同皇女。」 戊申，詔臨川王蒨省揚、徐二州辭訟。
In the third year, first month, on jichou day, a green dragon was seen in the east. On dingyou day Ouyang Wei, general who guards the south and inspector of Guangzhou, was confirmed as grand mentor with staff equal to the three dukes. That night heavy snow fell; by dawn dragon tracks appeared before the Hall of the Supreme Ultimate. On jiawu day Ouyang Wei, inspector of Guangzhou, reported a white dragon on the south bank south of the city, [16] tens of zhang in length and eight or nine spans around, which passed west along the city road into Heavenly Well Ridge. An immortal was seen at the small stone tower on Luofu Mountain, some three zhang tall, wholly white, dressed in splendid Chu fashion. On xinchou day an edict declared: "The younger sisters of the kings of Nankang and Shixing already hold titles; by ritual they should rank only as feudal princesses. These two kings stand in a special bond; their sisters deserve higher honor. Let the princesses' ceremonial standing and their husbands' ranks equal those of the emperor's own daughters." On wushen day an edict charged the King of Linchuan, Qian, with hearing appeals from Yang and Xu provinces.
20
二月辛酉，以平西將軍、桂州刺史淳于量為開府儀同三司，進號鎮西大將軍。 壬午，司空侯瑱督眾軍自江入合州，焚齊舟艦。
In the second month, on xinyou day, Chunyu Liang, general who pacifies the west and inspector of Guizhou, was made grand mentor with staff and promoted to grand general who guards the west. On renwu day Hou Tian, minister of works, led the armies from the Yangtze into Hefei and burned Qi's fleet.
21
三月景申，侯瑱至自合肥，眾軍獻捷。
In the third month, on jingshen day, Hou Tian returned from Hefei and the armies reported victory.
22
夏閏四月庚寅，詔曰：「開廩賑絕，育民之大惠，巡方恤患，前王之令典。 朕當斯季俗，膺此樂推，君德未孚，民瘼猶甚，重茲多壘，彌疚納隍。 良由四聰弗達，[17]千里勿應。 [18]博施之仁，何其或爽？ 殘弊之軌，致此未康。 吳州、縉州去歲蝗旱，郢田雖呪，[19]鄭渠終涸，室靡盈積之望，家有填壑之嗟。 百姓不足，兆民何賴？ 近已遣中書舍人江德藻銜命東陽，與令長二千石問民疾苦，仍以入臺倉見米分恤。 雖德非既飽，庶微慰阻飢。」 甲午，詔依前代置西省學士，兼以伎術者預焉。 丁酉，遣鎮北將軍徐度率眾城南皖口。 是時久不雨，景午，輿駕幸鍾山祠蔣帝廟，是日降雨，迄于月晦。
In the intercalary fourth month of summer, on gengyin day, an edict declared: "Opening the granaries to save the starving is the great act of nurturing the people; touring the realm to ease suffering is the ancient kings' law. We came to power in a fallen age and accepted the people's acclaim, yet Our virtue has not won their hearts and their suffering remains deep. Fortress upon fortress of trouble fills Us with shame. Truly the four keen listeners were not heard, [17] and no voice answered from a thousand li. [18] How could the grace of broad giving ever be wanting? Yet the road of ruin and exhaustion has not yet led to peace. Wu and Jing provinces suffered locusts and drought last year. Though the fields of Ying were blessed, [19] the Zheng Canal ran dry at last. No household could hope for a full granary; many faced starvation. When the people lack food, what can the realm depend upon? We have lately sent Jiang Dezao, palace attendant, to Dongyang with Our mandate to inquire into the people's hardships with the local magistrates, and to distribute grain from the capital granaries in relief. Our virtue is not yet enough to fill every belly, yet We hope in some measure to ease those who starve." On jiawu day an edict, following earlier dynasties, established scholars of the Western Secretariat, including men skilled in arts and techniques. On dingyou day Xu Du, pacifying north general, led the armies south to Wan Estuary. Rain had long been absent. On jingwu day the emperor sacrificed at Emperor Jiang's temple on Zhongshan; rain fell that day and lasted to month's end.
23
五月景辰朔，日有食之，有司奏：舊儀，御前殿，服朱紗袍、通天冠。 詔曰：「此乃前代承用，意有未同。 合朔仰助太陽，宜備袞冕之服。 自今已去，永可為准。」 景寅，扶南國遣使獻方物。 乙酉，北江州刺史熊曇朗殺都督周文育于軍，舉兵反。 王琳遣其將常眾愛、曹慶率兵援余孝勱。
On the first day of the fifth month, jingchen, there was a solar eclipse. The relevant offices reported the old rite: at the front hall the emperor should wear the vermilion gauze robe and penetrating-heaven crown. An edict replied: "Former generations followed this practice, but the meaning is not the same. At the conjunction one assists the sun; full imperial regalia should be worn. Henceforth this shall be the permanent rule." On yingyin day Funan sent envoys with tribute. On yiyou day Xiong Tanlang, inspector of North Jiangzhou, murdered the commander Zhou Wenyü in camp and rebelled. Wang Lin sent his generals Chang Zhong'ai and Cao Qing with troops to support Yu Xiaoxiang.
24
六月戊子，儀同侯安都敗眾愛等於左里，獲琳從弟襲、主帥羊暕等三十餘人，眾愛遁走，庚寅，廬山民斬之，傳首京師。 甲午，眾師凱歸。 詔曰：「曇朗噬逆，罪不容誅，分命眾軍，仍事掩討，方加梟磔，以明刑憲。」 徵臨川王蒨往皖口置城柵，以錢道戢守焉。 丁酉，高祖不豫，遣兼太宰、尚書左僕射王通以疾告太廟，兼太宰、中書令謝哲告大社、南北郊。 辛丑，高祖疾小瘳。 故司空周文育之柩至自建昌。 壬寅，高祖素服哭于東堂，哀甚。 癸卯，高祖臨訊獄 （省） 訟。 [20]是夜，熒惑在天尊。 高祖疾又甚。 [21]景午，崩于璿璣殿，時年五十七。 遺詔追臨川王蒨入纂。 甲寅，大行皇帝遷殯于太極殿西階。
In the sixth month, on wuzi day, Hou Andu, bearer of staff equal to the three dukes, routed Zhong'ai at Zuoli and took Wang Lin's cousin Xi, the commander Yang Xian, and more than thirty others. Zhong'ai fled; on gengyin day the people of Lushan killed him and sent his head to the capital. On jiawu day the armies returned in triumph. An edict declared: "Tanlang has turned traitor and murderer; his crime admits no pardon. The armies are already hunting him; when he is taken, the law will be made plain." The King of Linchuan, Qian, was called to Wan Estuary to build fortifications, with Qian Daozai left to hold them. On dingyou day the Founder fell ill. He sent Wang Tong, concurrent grand minister of sacrifices and left vice director of the secretariat, to announce his illness at the Grand Temple, and Xie Zhe, concurrent grand minister of sacrifices and director of the central secretariat, to announce it at the Grand Altar and the suburban altars. On xinchou day the Founder's illness eased slightly. The coffin of the late Zhou Wenyü, minister of works, arrived from Jianchang. On renyin day the Founder, in plain mourning dress, wept in the eastern hall with deepest grief. On guimao day the Founder personally heard prison cases. (omitted) ons. [20] That night Mars stood at the Celestial Honored One. The Founder's illness worsened again. [21] On jingwu day he died in the Hall of the Rotating Pearl, aged fifty-seven. His testament summoned the King of Linchuan, Qian, to succeed him. On jiayin day the late emperor's coffin was placed in state at the western steps of the Hall of the Supreme Ultimate.
25
秋八月甲午，群臣上諡曰武皇帝，廟號高祖。 景申，葬萬安陵。
In the eighth month, on jiawu day, the ministers gave him the posthumous title Emperor Wu and the temple name Founder. On jingshen day he was buried at Wan'an Tomb.
26
高祖智以綏物，武以寧亂，英謀獨運，人皆莫及，故能征伐四克，靜難夷凶。 至升大麓之日，居阿衡之任，恆崇寬政，愛育為本。 有須發調軍儲，皆出於事不可息。 加以儉素自率，常膳不過數品，私饗曲宴，皆瓦器蚌盤，肴核庶羞，裁令充足而已，不為虛費。 初平侯景，及立紹泰，子女玉帛，皆班將士。 其充闈房者，衣不重綵，飾無金翠，哥鍾女樂，不列於前。 及乎踐祚，彌厲恭儉。 故隆功茂德，光有天下焉。
The Founder pacified the realm through wisdom and quelled chaos through arms; his strategy was his alone, and none could rival it. Thus he conquered in every direction and stilled rebellion and slaughter. Once he took the throne he held the burden of chief minister to the realm; he always favored lenient rule and made cherishing the people his foundation. Whenever he levied grain for the armies, it was only because necessity would not allow rest. He was frugal in his own habits: daily meals were only a few courses; private feasts used pottery and clam shells, with food no more than enough—never spent on display. After he first subdued Hou Jing and again when he set up the Shaotai regime, sons and daughters, jade, and silks were all shared out among his officers and soldiers. Those in the inner quarters wore no doubled brocade; ornaments bore no gold or kingfisher feather; bells and female musicians were not set before him. Once he took the throne, he was stricter still in modest frugality. Thus his towering merit and rich virtue held sway over the realm.
27
陳吏部尚書姚察曰：高祖英略大度，應變無方，蓋漢高、魏武之亞矣。 及西都盪覆，誠貫天人。 王僧辯闕伊尹之才，空結桐宮之憤，貞陽假秦兵之送，不思穆嬴之泣。 高祖乃蹈玄機而撫末運，乘勢隙而拯橫流，王跡所基，始自於此，何至戡黎升陑之捷而已焉。 故於慎徽時序之世，變聲改物之辰，兆庶歸以謳歌，炎靈去如釋負，方之前代，何其美乎！
Yao Cha, Chen Director of the Ministry of Personnel, said: The Founder's genius was vast and his bearing magnanimous; he met every turn without a set plan—only Han Gaozu and Cao Cao could stand beside him. When the western capital fell, his loyalty ran through Heaven and earth. Wang Sengbian lacked the gift of an Yiyin yet brooded on the wrong of the Tung Palace; Zhenyang leaned on northern troops yet never remembered Mu Ying's tears. The Founder then walked the hidden Way to steady a dying age, caught the breach in the flood to save the realm—the throne's roots began here; it was far more than the triumph at Li and the ascent of Mount Yang. In that age of careful ritual and renewed order, when music and customs were remade, the people sang him home and the old mandate slipped away like a load set down—set beside earlier dynasties, how fine a founding it was!
28
校勘記
Collation notes
29
皇帝臣霸先「霸先」二字原作「諱」，蓋仍姚察舊文，姚察為梁、陳之史官，例避陳諱也。 北監本、汲本、殿本並已改「諱」為「霸先」，今從之。 後同。
On "your subject Baxian": the text originally read "taboo name," preserving Yao Cha's wording; as a Liang and Chen historian he avoided the imperial name. The Northern Supervisory, Jigu, and Hall editions all read Baxian for taboo name; we follow them. The same applies below.
30
且協謳訟「謳訟」北監本、汲本、殿本作「謳歌」。 張元濟 〈校勘記〉 云：「謳訟乃謳歌、訟獄雙用之意，『訟』字不誤。」
On "matching songs of praise and litigation": the Northern Supervisory, Jigu, and Hall editions read "songs of praise." Zhang Yuanji 〈Collation note〉 writes: "Songs of praise and litigation combines popular acclaim with lawsuits at court; the word for litigation is correct."
31
有自氤氳混沌之世「有自」北監本、汲本、殿本作「自有」，《元龜》二一三同。 張元濟 〈校勘記〉 謂作「自有」誤。
On "since the age of misty chaos": the Northern Supervisory, Jigu, and Hall editions read "from the time of"; Yuan Gui 213 agrees. Zhang Yuanji 〈Collation note〉 argues that "from the time of" is mistaken.
32
言念遷 （坰） 〔桐〕據各本及《元龜》二一三改。 按此用伊尹放太甲於桐故事，坰與桐形近而訛。
Speaking of the transfer (jiong) [Tong]—corrected per all editions and Yuan Gui 213. Note: the passage uses Yiyin's exile of Tai Jia to Tong; jiong is a graphic slip for tong.
33
剖符名守「守」各本作「宇」，《元龜》二一三作「守」。 按作「宇」訛。 守指郡太守，剖符名守猶言剖符名郡也。
On "receiving the tally, famed defender": all editions read Yu; Yuan Gui 213 reads defender. Comment: Yu is erroneous. Defender means commandery governor; the phrase means a governor enfeoffed by tally.
34
若有萑蒲之盜「萑」原作「雚」，今據各本改，下同。 按萑蒲之萑本作「𦻃」，版刻遂誤為「雚」也。
On "reed-marsh bandits": the text originally read guan; corrected per all editions; likewise below. Note: the reed character originally used the plant radical; the block misprinted it as guan.
35
兗州刺史按上卷道譚贈南兗州刺史，此脫「南」字。
On "Governor of Yan Province": the prior juan makes Daotan Governor of South Yanzhou; South has dropped out here.
36
武康縣侯按當作「武康縣公」，詳上卷校記二四。
On "Marquis of Wukang county": it should be Duke of Wukang; see collation note 24 to juan 1.
37
辟彼關河「辟」原訛「壁」，各本不訛，今改正。
On "opening those border passes": the text originally read wall for open; other editions are correct; emended accordingly.
38
北徐州刺史 （唱） 〔昌〕義之 （初） 首為此職「昌」字據北監本、殿本改。 「初」字據錢大昕說刪。 按錢大昕廿二史考異云：「昌義之梁時為北徐州刺史，嘗任左右驍騎者。 校書者不知昌義之為人姓名，妄於昌旁加口，又增一『初』字，淺陋可笑。」
North Xuzhou Inspector (chang) [Chang] Yizhi (chu) On "first to hold this office": Chang is restored per the Northern Supervisory and Hall editions. The word chu is deleted following Qian Daxin. Qian Daxin's Examination of Discrepancies says: "Chang Yizhi served in Liang as North Xuzhou inspector and once held the left and right valiant cavalry post. The collator did not recognize Chang Yizhi as a personal name, added a mouth radical to chang, and inserted chu—a blunder worth laughing at."
39
梁州刺史張立表稱去乙亥歲八月「去」各本作「云」。 張元濟 〈校勘記〉 謂作「去」是，乙亥歲為梁敬帝紹泰元年，此為前事，故言去。
On "Liangzhou Inspector Zhang Li memorialized, in the past eighth month of yihai year": all editions read said for past. Zhang Yuanji 〈Collation note〉 argues that past is correct: yihai was the first Shaotai year of Liang's Emperor Jing, an earlier date, hence past.
40
南豫州刺史沈泰奔于齊「南豫州」《北齊書·文宣紀》作「江州」。 按《通鑑》從陳書。
On "South Yuzhou Inspector Shen Tai fled to Qi": the Northern Qi Annals of Emperor Wenxuan read Jiangzhou. The Comprehensive Mirror follows the Book of Chen.
41
詔臨川王蒨西討「蒨」字原作「諱」，姚察原文如此，今依北監本、汲本、殿本改。 後如此不悉出校記。
On "Prince of Linchuan Qian, western campaign": the text originally read taboo name, as in Yao Cha; restored to Qian per the Northern Supervisory, Jigu, and Hall editions. Similar cases below are not all annotated.
42
以仁威將軍高州刺史黃法𣰋為開府儀同三司按 〈黃法𣰋傳〉 作「宣毅將軍」。
On "Renwei General, Gaozhou Inspector Huang Fahe made Grand Mentor with staff equal to the three dukes"—note: 〈Biography of Huang Fahe〉 reads General Who Proclaims Martial Valor.
43
進號鎮南將軍按 〈黃法𣰋傳〉 作「平南將軍」，《南史》此亦作「平南將軍」，是。
On "advanced to General Who Pacifies the South"—note: 〈Biography of Huang Fahe〉 reads General Who Pacifies the South; the Southern Dynasties annals agree—correct.
44
甲午廣州刺史歐陽頠表稱白龍見于州江南岸「甲午」《南史·陳武帝紀》作「甲子」。 殿本考證云：「按上文書丁酉夜大雪，則甲午為前二日，不應顛倒在後。 若《南史》稱甲子，則以下文辛丑考之，又不相合。 不可考矣。」
On "jiawu day, Guangzhou Inspector Ouyang Yi reported a white dragon on the south bank": the Southern Dynasties Annals of Emperor Wu read jiazi. The Hall edition notes: "The text above has heavy snow on dingyou night, so jiawu would be two days earlier and cannot come after. If the Southern Dynasties read jiazi, the xinchou that follows still will not align. The date cannot be settled."
45
良由四聰弗達「達」原訛「遠」，各本不訛，今改正。
On "the four acute ears did not reach": the text originally read far for reach; other editions are correct; emended.
46
千里勿應「勿」原訛「功」，各本不訛，今改正。
On "a thousand li did not respond": the text originally read merit for did not; other editions are correct; emended.
47
郢田雖呪「呪」北監本、汲本、殿本作「疏」。 按呪通祝。 張元濟 〈校勘記〉 謂此用《史記·淳于髡傳》穰田之文，應作「呪」。
On "though the fields of Ying were prayed over": the Northern Supervisory, Jigu, and Hall editions read thinned. Note: zhu here equals the word for prayer. Zhang Yuanji 〈Collation note〉 argues that the line echoes the millet-field prayer in the Biography of Chunyu Kun (Records of the Grand Historian) and should read prayed.
48
高祖臨訊獄 （省） 訟據北監本、汲本、殿本及《南史·陳武帝紀》刪。
The Founder personally heard lawsuits (omitted) lawsuits—deleted per the Northern Supervisory, Jigu, and Hall editions and the Southern Dynasties Annals of Emperor Wu.
49
高祖疾又甚按北監本、汲本、殿本無「又」字。
On "the Founder's illness again grew severe": the Northern Supervisory, Jigu, and Hall editions omit again.