1
陳書卷三
Book of Chen, Volume 3
2
本紀第三
Annals, Part Three
3
世祖文皇帝諱蒨，字子華，始興昭烈王長子也。 少沈敏有識量，美容儀，留意經史，舉動方雅，造次必遵禮法。 高祖甚愛之，常稱「此兒吾宗之英秀也」。 梁太清初，夢兩日鬥，一大一小，大者光滅墜地，色正黃，其大如斗，世祖因三分取一而懷之。 侯景之亂，鄉人多依山湖寇抄，世祖獨保家無所犯。 時亂日甚，乃避地臨安。 及高祖舉義兵，侯景遣使收世祖及衡陽獻王，世祖乃密袖小刀，冀因入見而害景，至便屬吏，故其事不行。 高祖大軍圍石頭，景欲加害者數矣，會景敗，世祖乃得出赴高祖營。
Emperor Wen the Shizu, whose personal name was tabooed as Qian and who styled himself Zihua, was the eldest son of Prince Zhao-lie of Shixing. From youth he was thoughtful, sharp, and far-seeing, with a handsome presence. He steeped himself in the classics and histories, moved with measured grace, and never acted without regard for ritual. The Founder adored him and would say, "This son is the finest of our house." Early in Liang's Taichu era he dreamed of two suns at war, one great and one small. The greater sun's light died and fell to earth, yellow and as wide as the Big Dipper; Emperor Wen took a third of it into his breast. During Hou Jing's rebellion many neighbors turned to mountain and lake brigands for plunder, but Emperor Wen alone kept his household safe and untouched. As chaos deepened day by day, he took refuge at Lin'an. When the Founder raised the righteous army, Hou Jing sent men to seize Emperor Wen and the Prince Xian of Hengyang. Emperor Wen hid a small knife in his sleeve, intending to kill Jing at audience; but on arrival he was turned over to the clerks, and the plot came to nothing. The Founder's main force besieged Stone Fortress. Hou Jing more than once meant to kill him; when Jing fell, Emperor Wen at last escaped to the Founder's camp.
4
起家為吳興太守。 時宣城劫帥紀機、郝仲等各聚眾千餘人，侵暴郡境，世祖討平之。 承聖二年，授信武將軍，監南徐州。 三年，高祖北征廣陵，使世祖為前軍，每戰克捷。
He entered service as administrator of Wuxing. Bandit leaders Ji Ji, Hao Zhong, and others had each raised more than a thousand men and were ravaging the commandery; Emperor Wen defeated and pacified them. In the second year of Chengsheng (552) he was made Trustworthy Martial General and put in charge of South Xuzhou. In the third year the Founder marched north against Guangling with Emperor Wen as vanguard; battle after battle went his way.
5
高祖之將討王僧辯也，先召世祖與謀。 時僧辯女婿杜龕據吳興，兵眾甚盛，高祖密令世祖還長城，立柵以備龕。 世祖收兵纔數百人，戰備又少，龕遣其將杜泰領精兵五千，乘虛奄至，將士相視失色，而世祖言笑自若，部分益明，於是眾心乃定。 泰知柵內人少，日夜苦攻，世祖激厲將士，身當矢石，相持數旬，泰乃退走。 及高祖遣周文育率兵討龕，世祖與并軍往吳興。 時龕兵尚眾，斷據衝要，水步連陣相結，世祖命將軍劉澄、蔣元舉率眾攻龕，龕軍大敗，窘急，因請降。
Before moving against Wang Sengbian, the Founder called Emperor Wen in to counsel with him. Sengbian's son-in-law Du Kan held Wuxing with a formidable host; the Founder secretly ordered Emperor Wen back to Changcheng to throw up palisades against him. Emperor Wen had barely a few hundred men and scant stores of arms. Kan sent his general Du Tai with five thousand picked troops to strike while the camp was weak. The officers turned pale, but Emperor Wen jested as before, gave his orders with greater clarity, and steadied them. Seeing how few defenders the palisade held, Tai pressed the assault day and night. Emperor Wen heartened his men, stood in the line of missile fire himself, and held for many weeks until Tai withdrew. When the Founder dispatched Zhou Wenyü against Du Kan, Emperor Wen marched with him to Wuxing. Kan still fielded a large force, holding the crossings; his fleets and columns were chained together. Emperor Wen sent Liu Cheng and Jiang Yuanju against him. Kan's army was shattered, driven to extremity, and begged to surrender.
6
東揚州刺史張彪起兵圍臨海太守王懷振，懷振遣使求救，世祖與周文育輕兵往會稽以掩彪。 後彪將沈泰開門納世祖，世祖盡收其部曲家累，彪至，又破走，若邪村民斬彪，傳其首。 以功授持節、都督會稽等十郡諸軍事、宣毅將軍、會稽太守。 [1]山越深險，皆不賓附，世祖分命討擊，悉平之，威惠大振。
Zhang Biao, inspector of East Yangzhou, rebelled and besieged Wang Huai-zhen, administrator of Linhai. Huai-zhen sent for help; Emperor Wen and Zhou Wenyü took light forces to Kuaiji to fall upon Biao. Biao's officer Shen Tai then opened the gates to Emperor Wen, who seized his troops and dependants. When Biao came up he was beaten again and fled. The people of Ruoye slew him and sent his head. For these deeds he received the staff of command, authority over military affairs in ten commanderies including Kuaiji, the title General Who Inspires Awe, and the post of administrator of Kuaiji. See editorial note 1. In the deep hills many still refused allegiance; Emperor Wen sent columns against them and brought all to order, until his authority and mercy were felt throughout the region.
7
高祖受禪，立為臨川郡王，邑二千戶，拜侍中、安東將軍。 及周文育、侯安都敗於沌口，高祖詔世祖入衛，軍儲戎備，皆以委焉。 尋命率兵城南皖。
When the Founder took the throne, Emperor Wen was made Prince of Linchuan with a fief of two thousand households, palace attendant, and General Who Pacifies the East. After Zhou Wenyü and Hou Andu were beaten at Zhunkou, the Founder summoned Emperor Wen to defend the capital and placed all grain, arms, and war stores in his hands. He was soon ordered to take an army south to Wan.
8
永定三年六月景午，高祖崩，遺詔徵世祖入纂。 甲寅，至自南皖，入居中書省。 皇后令曰：「昊天不弔，上玄降禍。 大行皇帝奄捐萬國，率土哀號，普天如喪，窮酷煩冤，無所迨及。 諸孤藐爾，反國無期，須立長主，以寧宇縣。 侍中、安東將軍、臨川王蒨，體自景皇，屬惟猶子，建殊功於牧野，敷盛業於戡黎，納麓時敘之辰，負扆乘機之日，並佐時雍，是同草創，祧祏所繫，遐邇宅心，宜奉大宗，嗣膺寶錄，使七廟有奉，兆民寧晏。 未亡人假延餘息，嬰此百罹，尋繹纏綿，興言感絕。」 世祖固讓，至于再三，群公卿士固請，其日即皇帝位於太極前殿。 詔曰：「上天降禍，奄集邦家，大行皇帝背離萬國，率土崩心，若喪考妣。 龍圖寶曆，眇屬朕躬，運鍾擾攘，事切機務，南面須主，西讓禮輕，今便式膺景命，光宅四海。 可大赦天下，罪無輕重，悉皆蕩滌。 逋租宿債，吏民愆負，可勿復收。 文武內外，量加爵敘。 孝悌力田為父後者，賜爵一級。 庶祗畏在心，公卿畢力，勝殘去殺，無待百年。 興言號哽，深增慟絕。」 又詔州郡悉停奔赴。
In the sixth month of the third year of Yongding (559), on wuwu day, the Founder died; his final edict called Emperor Wen to the succession. On jiayin day he returned from South Wan and took seat in the Directorate of the Imperial Secretariat. The empress issued an order: "Heaven shows no pity; the Supreme Lord has sent down calamity. The late emperor has suddenly left the realm; all under heaven wails as though the sky had fallen; grief beyond bearing has no end. The young princes are helpless and the realm has no master; a ruler must be set up to bring peace to the land. Palace Attendant, General Who Pacifies the East, Prince of Linchuan Qian—born of the imperial line, chosen among the late emperor's sons—won signal merit in the founding wars and spread his fame in pacifying the realm. At the receiving of the mandate and the taking of the throne he shared alike in creation of the dynasty. The altars of state and men far and near look to him. Let him receive the great succession and mount the throne, that the seven temples may be served and the people find rest. I who am left borrow a little breath more, bear a hundred griefs, trace this tangled sorrow, and cannot speak without breaking." Emperor Wen refused firmly, again and again; the nobles and officials pressed him without relent; that same day he took the throne in the Hall of the Supreme Ultimate. An edict declared: "Heaven has sent calamity upon the realm; the late emperor has left us; all the land is stricken as by the death of a parent. The dragon chart and sacred calendar have fallen to Our person; the times are turbulent and the helm cannot wait; the realm needs a ruler, and modest refusal would slight the rites. We now take the bright mandate and rule the four seas. Let there be a general amnesty throughout the realm; crimes light or heavy are all pardoned. Arrears of tax and old debts, and penalties owed by officials and commoners, shall not be collected again. Civil and military officers at court and in the provinces shall be advanced in rank as their service warrants. Men noted for filial piety and farming, who are heirs to their fathers, shall receive one step in noble rank. Let reverence fill every heart and the ministers give their all; to end cruelty and slaughter need not wait a century. Even to speak of it chokes Us with grief beyond bearing." A further edict ordered every province and commandery to stop dispatching envoys in haste to the capital.
9
秋七月景辰，尊皇后為皇太后。 己未，以鎮南將軍、開府儀同三司、廣州刺史歐陽頠進號征南將軍，平南將軍、開府儀同三司周迪進號鎮南將軍，[2]平南將軍、開府儀同三司、高州刺史黃法𣰋進號安南將軍。 庚申，以鎮南大將軍、開府儀同三司、桂州刺史淳于量進號征南大將軍。 辛酉，以侍中、車騎將軍、司空侯瑱為太尉，鎮西將軍、開府儀同三司、南豫州刺史侯安都為司空，侍中、中權將軍、開府儀同三司王沖為特進、左光祿大夫，鎮北將軍、南徐州刺史徐度為侍中、中撫軍將軍、開府儀同三司。 壬戌，以侍中、護軍將軍徐世譜為特進、安右將軍； 侍中、忠武將軍杜稜為領軍將軍。 乙丑，重雲殿災。
In the seventh month, on chen day, the empress was honored as empress dowager. On jiwei day Ouyang Yi, pacifying south general, grand mentor with staff equal to the three dukes, and inspector of Guangzhou, was promoted to general who campaigns south; Zhou Di, pacifying south general and grand mentor with staff equal to the three dukes, was promoted to general who guards the south; See editorial note 2. Huang Faqu, pacifying south general, grand mentor with staff equal to the three dukes, and inspector of Gaozhou, was promoted to general who pacifies the south. On gengshen day Chunyu Liang, guarding south grand general, grand mentor with staff equal to the three dukes, and inspector of Guizhou, was promoted to general who campaigns south. On xinyou day Hou Tian, palace attendant, general of chariots and cavalry, and minister of works, became grand mentor; Hou Andu, pacifying west general, grand mentor with staff equal to the three dukes, and inspector of South Yuzhou, became minister of works; Wang Chong, palace attendant, central authority general, and grand mentor with staff equal to the three dukes, became special grand master and left grand master of the palace; Xu Du, guarding north general and inspector of South Xuzhou, became palace attendant, central pacifying general, and grand mentor with staff equal to the three dukes. On renxu day Xu Shipu, palace attendant and general who protects the army, was made special grand master and general who pacifies the right; Du Ling, palace attendant and loyal martial general, was made general of the palace guards. On yichou day the Hall of Layered Clouds burned.
10
八月癸巳，以平北將軍、南徐州刺史留異為安南將軍、縉州刺史，平南將軍、北江州刺史魯悉達進號安左將軍。 庚戌，封皇子伯茂為始興王，[3]奉昭烈王後。 徙封始興嗣王頊為安成王。 [4]
In the eighth month, on guisi day, Liu Yi, pacifying north general and inspector of South Xuzhou, became general who pacifies the south and inspector of Jinyang; Lu Sida, pacifying south general and inspector of North Jiangzhou, was promoted to general who pacifies the left. On gengxu day the prince Bomao was enfeoffed as Prince of Shixing, See editorial note 3. as heir to Prince Zhao-lie. Xu, heir of Shixing, was transferred to the title Prince of Ancheng. See editorial note 4.
11
九月辛酉，立皇子伯宗為皇太子，[5]王公以下賜帛各有差。 乙亥，立妃沈氏為皇后。
In the ninth month, on xinyou day, the prince Bozong was made crown prince; See editorial note 5. princes, nobles, and officials received gifts of silk in varying measure. On yihai day Lady Shen was made empress.
12
冬十一月乙卯，王琳寇大雷，詔遣太尉侯瑱、司空侯安都、儀同徐度率眾以禦之。
In the eleventh month, on yimao day, Wang Lin attacked Dalei. An edict sent Hou Tian, grand mentor, Hou Andu, minister of works, and Xu Du, commissioner with equal protocol, with armies to meet him.
13
天嘉元年春正月癸丑，詔曰：「朕以寡昧，嗣纂洪業，哀惸在疚，治道弗昭，仰惟前德，幽顯遐暢，恭己不言，庶幾無改。 雖宏圖懋軌，日月方弘，而清廟廓然，聖靈浸遠，感尋永往，瞻言罔極。 今四象運周，三元告獻，華夷胥洎，玉帛駿奔，思覃遺澤，播之億兆。 其大赦天下。 改永定四年為天嘉元年。 鰥寡孤獨不能自存立者，賜穀人五斛。 孝悌力田殊行異等，加爵一級。 甲寅，分遣使者宣勞四方。 辛酉，輿駕親祠南郊，詔曰：「朕式饗上玄，虔奉牲玉，高禋禮畢，誠敬兼弘。 且陰霾浹辰，褰霽在日，雲物韶朗，風景清和，慶動人祇，忭流庶俗，[6]思俾黎元，同此多祐。 可賜民爵一級。」 辛未，輿駕親祠北郊。 日有冠。
In the first month of the first year of Tianjia (560), on guichou day, an edict declared: "We, unworthy and obscure, have inherited the great enterprise. The realm is orphaned and We are in mourning; government is not yet settled. Looking to the virtue of those before Us, We would reach both the seen and unseen; holding Ourself in reverent silence, We hope for steady rule. Though Our great design spreads wide as sun and moon, the ancestral temple stands empty and the sage spirit recedes. Following thought to what is gone forever, We look up and find no end to grief. Now the seasons turn their round and heaven's gifts are renewed; far peoples and near come to court; tribute pours in. We mean to spread the late emperor's bounty to the hundred millions. Let there be a general amnesty throughout the realm. The fourth year of Yongding is renamed the first year of Tianjia. Widowers, widows, orphans, and the destitute who cannot support themselves shall receive five hu of grain each. Men outstanding in filial piety, farming, or singular virtue shall receive one further step in noble rank. On jiayin day envoys were sent out to announce Our goodwill to the four quarters. On xinyou day the emperor sacrificed in person at the Southern Suburb. An edict said: "We have offered to the Supreme Lord above and reverently presented victims and jade; the great suburban rite is complete, and devotion fills Our heart. Though gloom had hung for many days, the sky cleared today; clouds shone fair and the air was mild; joy touched heaven and earth and gladness ran among the people. See editorial note 6. We would have the common folk share this blessing. Let the people receive one step in noble rank." On xinwei day the emperor sacrificed in person at the Northern Suburb. A solar corona appeared.
14
二月辛卯，老人星見。 乙未，高州刺史紀機自軍叛還宣城，據郡以應王琳，涇令賀當遷討平之。 景申，太尉侯瑱敗王琳于梁山，敗齊兵于博望，生摛齊將劉伯球，盡收其資儲船艦，俘馘以萬計，王琳及其主蕭莊奔于齊。
In the second month, on xinmao day, the Old Man star was seen. On yiwei day Ji Ji, inspector of Gaozhou, deserted his command, returned to Xuancheng, and held the commandery for Wang Lin. He Dangqian, magistrate of Jing, marched against him and restored order. On shen day Grand Mentor Hou Tian routed Wang Lin at Liangshan and crushed Northern Qi forces at Bowang. He took the Qi general Liu Boqiu alive, seized their stores and fleet, and counted captives and heads by the ten thousand. Wang Lin and his puppet ruler Xiao Zhuang fled to Qi.
15
戊戌，詔曰：「夫五運遞來，三靈眷命，皇王因之改創，殷、周所以樂推。 朕統曆承基，丕隆鼎運，期理攸屬，數祚斯在，豈僥倖所至，寧卜祝可求。 故知神器之重，必在符命。 是以逐鹿貽譏，斷蛇定業，亂臣賊子，異世同尤。 王琳識暗挈瓶，智慚衛足，干紀亂常，自貽顛沛，而縉紳君子，多被縶維，雖涇渭合流，蘭鮑同肆，求之厥理，或有脅從。 今九罭既設，八紘斯掩，天網恢恢，吞舟是漏。 至如伏波遊說，永作漢蕃，延壽脫歸，終為魏守，器改秦、虞，材通晉、楚，行藏用捨，亦豈有恆，宜加寬仁，以彰雷作。 其衣冠士族，預在凶黨，悉皆原宥； 將帥戰兵，亦同肆眚，[7]並隨才銓引，庶收力用。」 又詔師旅以來，將士死王事者，並加贈謚。 己亥，詔曰：「日者凶渠肆虐，眾軍進討，舟艦輸積，權倩民丁，師出經時，役勞日久。 今氣祲廓清，宜有甄被。 可蠲復丁身。 夫妻三年，於役不幸者，復其妻子。 庚子，分遣使者賷璽書宣勞四方。 乙巳，遣太尉侯瑱鎮湓城。 庚戌，以高祖第六子昌為驃騎將軍、湘州牧，立為衡陽王。
On wuxu day an edict declared: "The five fortunes succeed one another and the three spirits grant the mandate; thus emperors and kings renew the realm, as Yin and Zhou once gladly raised their chosen men. We have taken the calendar and received the foundation, exalted the dynasty's fortune; the age of rule is Ours by right, the blessing of years rests here—not by chance, nor by divination alone. So one knows the throne's weight lies in heaven's sign and mandate. Thus the chase for the deer drew blame, while the cut serpent secured the realm; traitors and rebels wear the same guilt in every age. Wang Lin knew too little to hold his charge and lacked wit enough to save himself; he broke the laws and brought ruin on his own head. Yet many gentry were taken bound with him; though the guilty and the innocent were heaped together, some surely followed under duress. Now the nets are spread and the eight directions closed in; heaven's net is wide, yet even great offenders may pass through its meshes. Ma Yuan once wandered as envoy and became a frontier guard of Han; Cai Yong fled home and ended a warden of Wei—men change with the times, talent flows between states; who stays or goes is not fixed forever. Let Us show the mercy of thunder's season. Gentry and clans who joined the rebel faction are all forgiven; commanders and common soldiers share the same pardon; See editorial note 7. let them be placed by merit, that We may put their strength to use." A further edict: all officers and soldiers who died in the royal service since the campaigns began shall receive posthumous honors and titles. On jihai day an edict declared: "Lately the rebel chief ravaged the land; Our armies marched to punish him. Ships and supplies piled high; the people were pressed for labor; the hosts were long in the field and toil ran on for months. Now the omens of disorder have cleared; let mercy sort the harmed from the guilty. Corvée drafts and personal levies are remitted. Where husband and wife had been wed three years and one died on campaign, the survivor and children shall be released from obligation. On gengzi day envoys were sent bearing the imperial seal and edicts to announce Our goodwill to the four quarters. On yisi day Grand Mentor Hou Tian was sent to hold Pen City. On gengxu day Chang, the Founder's sixth son, was made Rapid Tiger General and governor of Xiangzhou and enfeoffed as Prince of Hengyang.
16
三月景辰，詔曰：「自喪亂以來，十有餘載，編戶凋亡，萬不遺一，中原氓庶，蓋云無幾。 頃者寇難仍接，筭斂繁多，且興師已來，千金日費，府藏虛竭，杼軸歲空。 近所置軍資，本充戎備，今元惡克殄，八表已康，兵戈靜戢，息肩方在，思俾餘黎，陶此寬賦，今歲軍糧通減三分之一。 尚書申下四方，稱朕哀矜之意。 守宰明加勸課，務急農桑，庶鼓腹含哺，復在茲日。」 蕭莊所署郢州刺史孫瑒舉州內附。 丁巳，江州刺史周迪平南中，斬賊率熊曇朗，傳首京師。 先是，齊軍守魯山城，戊午，齊軍棄城走，詔南豫州刺史程靈洗守之。 甲子，分荊州之天門、義陽、南平，郢州之武陵四郡，置武州。 其刺史督沅州，領武陵太守，治武陵郡。 其都尉所部六縣為沅州。 別置通寧郡，以刺史領太守，治都尉城，省舊都尉。 以安南將軍、南兗州刺史、新除右衛將軍吳明徹為安西將軍、武州刺史，偽郢州刺史孫瑒為安南將軍、湘州刺史。 景子，衡陽王昌薨。 丁丑，詔曰：「蕭莊偽署文武官屬還朝者，量加錄序。」
In the third month, on chen day, an edict declared: "Since rebellion and ruin more than ten years have passed. Registered households have dwindled until scarcely one in ten thousand remains; the people of the heartland can hardly be said to survive. Lately raids have followed raids and taxes have multiplied; since war began a thousand gold flows out each day. The treasury stands empty and every household is scraped bare. The grain lately levied for the armies was meant for war stores; now the arch-rebel is dead and the realm is calm, weapons are laid by and the people may breathe. We would ease the burden on those who remain: this year's military grain levy is cut by one third. The Masters of Writing shall proclaim this mercy to every province. Magistrates must urge plowing and sericulture with all their power, that men may once more drum their full bellies and nurse their children in peace." Sun Yang, whom Xiao Zhuang had named inspector of Yingzhou, brought the entire commandery over to Our side. On dingsi day Zhou Di, inspector of Jiangzhou, pacified the southern center, slew the rebel chief Xiong Tanlang, and sent his head to the capital. Northern Qi had held Lushan city; on wuwu day the Qi garrison abandoned it and fled. An edict put Cheng Lingxiu, inspector of South Yuzhou, in charge of the place. On jiazi day Tianmen, Yiyang, and Nanping were taken from Jingzhou and Wuling from Yingzhou to form the new province of Wu. Its inspector oversaw Yuan Province, served concurrently as administrator of Wuling, and governed from Wuling commandery. The six counties under the commandant's authority were organized as Yuan Province. Tongning commandery was set up separately; the inspector also served as its administrator, with his seat at the commandant's fortress, and the old commandant office was abolished. Wu Mingche, general who pacifies the south, inspector of South Yanzhou, and newly appointed right palace guard general, was made general who pacifies the west and inspector of Wu prefecture; Sun Rang, whom the pretender Xiao Zhuang had named inspector of Yingzhou, was made general who pacifies the south and inspector of Xiangzhou. On jingzi day the Prince of Hengyang, Chang, died. On dingchou day an edict declared: "Civil and military officers who served in Xiao Zhuang's false regime and now return to court are to be registered and promoted according to their merits."
17
夏四月丁亥，立皇子伯信為衡陽王，奉獻王後。 乙未，以安南將軍荀朗為安北將軍、合州刺史。
In the fourth month, on dinghai day, the imperial son Boxin was enfeoffed as Prince of Hengyang to continue the line of the late prince. On yiwei day Xun Lang, general who pacifies the south, was made general who pacifies the north and inspector of He province.
18
五月乙卯，改桂陽之汝城縣為盧陽郡。 分衡州之始興、安遠二郡，置東衡州。
In the fifth month, on yimao day, Rucheng county in Guiyang was elevated to Luyang commandery. The commanderies of Shixing and Anyuan in Hengzhou were detached to form East Hengzhou.
19
六月辛巳，改謚皇祖妣景安皇后曰景文皇后。 壬辰，詔曰：「梁孝元遭離多難，靈櫬播越，朕昔經北面，有異常倫，遣使迎接，以次近路。 江寧既是舊塋，[8]宜即安卜，車旗禮章，悉用梁典，依魏葬漢獻帝故事。」 甲午，追策故始興昭烈王妃曰孝妃。 丁酉，以開府儀同三司徐度為侍中、中軍將軍。 辛丑，國哀周忌，上臨于太極前殿，百僚陪哭。 赦京師殊死已下。 是月，葬梁元帝於江寧。
In the sixth month, on xinsi day, the posthumous title of the Founder's grandmother, Empress Jing'an, was changed to Empress Jingwen. On renchen day an edict declared: "Emperor Xiaoyuan of Liang endured grievous trials, and his coffin was borne far from home. We once faced north toward him in a bond beyond ordinary measure and sent envoys to receive him by the shortest route. Since Jiangning is the ancestral burial ground, [8] the tomb should be fixed there at once; carriage banners and ritual regalia shall follow Liang precedent, on the model of Wei burying Emperor Xian of Han." On jiawu day the Founder's mother, the late consort of Zhaolie, Prince of Shixing, was posthumously honored as Imperial Consort Xiao. On dingyou day Xu Du, champion of the state with honours equal to the three dukes, was made palace attendant and central army general. On xinchou day, when the year's mourning for the state was complete, the emperor went in person to the front hall of the Hall of the Supreme Ultimate, and the hundred officials joined him in mourning. An amnesty was proclaimed in the capital for capital crimes and below. That month Emperor Yuan of Liang was buried at Jiangning.
20
秋七月甲寅，詔曰：「朕以眇身，屬當大寶，負荷至重，憂責實深，而庶績未康，胥怨猶結，佇咨賢良，發於夢想，每有一言入聽，片善可求，何嘗不褒獎抽揚，緘書紳帶。 而傅巖虛往，穹谷尚淹，蒲幣空陳，旌弓不至。 豈當有乖則哲，使草澤遺才？ 將時運澆流，今不逮古？ 側食長懷，寢興增歎。 新安太守陸山才有啟，薦梁前征西從事中郎蕭策，梁前尚書中兵郎王暹，並世冑清華，羽儀著族，或文史足用，或孝德可稱，並宜登之朝序，擢以不次。 王公已下，其各進舉賢良，申薦淪屈，庶眾才必萃，大廈可成，使棫樸載哥，[9]由庚在詠。」 乙卯，詔曰：「自頃喪亂，編戶播遷，言念餘黎，良可哀惕。 其亡鄉失土，逐食流移者，今年內隨其適樂，來歲不問僑舊，悉令著籍，同土斷之例。」 景辰，立皇子伯山為鄱陽王。
In the seventh month, on jiayin day, an edict declared: "We, unworthy as We are, have received the great mandate; the burden is heavy and Our anxiety deep—yet the realm is not at peace and grievances still fester. We long for the worthy as in a dream; whenever a word of counsel reaches Us or the least merit appears, how have We failed to praise it, draw it forth, and bind it to Our sash? Yet the rock of Fuyue stands empty and deep valleys remain unvisited; offerings of rush are laid out in vain and the signal bow is never bent. Is it that We fall short of the sage who chooses men, and that talent in the wilds is lost? Or that the age runs foul and the present cannot equal antiquity? We take Our meals on one side and brood without cease; waking and sleeping We sigh all the more. Lu Shan Talent, administrator of Xin'an, memorialized recommending Xiao Ce, former aide on Liang's western campaign staff, and Wang Xun, former director in the Ministry of War of Liang—both of eminent lineage and shining houses; one adequate in letters and histories, the other in filial virtue worthy of praise—and asked that each be raised in court rank and promoted out of turn. From kings and dukes downward, each is to recommend worthy men and report those wronged and overlooked, so that talents may gather, the great hall be built, and the songs of Zhi Pu and You Geng be sung once more (see editorial note 9). On yimao day an edict declared: "Since the recent disorders households have been uprooted; thinking of the people who remain, We are deeply moved to pity. Those who have lost their native places and wander seeking livelihood may this year settle where they find ease; next year, without distinguishing old residents from newcomers, all shall be entered on the registers, following the precedent of unified territorial registration." On jingchen day the imperial son Boshan was enfeoffed as Prince of Poyang.
21
八月庚辰，老人星見。 壬午，詔曰：「菽粟之貴，重於珠玉。 自頃寇戎，游手者眾，民失分地之業，士有佩犢之譏。 朕哀矜黔庶，念康弊俗，思俾阻饑，方存富教。 麥之為用，要切斯甚，今九秋在節，萬實可收，其班宣遠近，並令播種。 守宰親臨勸課，務使及時。 其有尤貧，量給種子。」 癸未，世祖臨景陽殿聽訟。 戊子，詔曰：「汙樽土鼓，誠則難追，畫卵彫薪，或可易革。 梁氏末運，奢麗已甚，芻豢厭於胥史，哥鍾列於管庫，土木被朱丹之采，車馬飾金玉之珍，逐欲澆流，遷訛遂遠。 朕自諸生，頗為內足，而家敦朴素，室靡浮華，觀覽時俗，常所扼腕。 今妄假時乘，臨馭區極，屬當淪季，思聞治道，菲食卑宮，自安儉陋，俾茲薄俗，獲反淳風。 維雕鏤淫飾，非兵器及國容所須，金銀珠玉，衣服雜玩，悉皆禁斷。」 甲午，周將賀若敦率馬步一萬，奄至武陵，武州刺史吳明徹不能拒，引軍還巴陵。 丁酉，上幸正陽堂閱武。
In the eighth month, on gengchen day, the Old Man star appeared. On renwu day an edict declared: "The worth of grain is greater than pearls and jade. Since the recent wars idlers have multiplied; the people have lost their allotted fields, and gentlemen are mocked for wearing oxen at their belts. We pity the common people and wish to heal a ruined way of life, seeking to relieve hunger and yet to enrich them through instruction. Wheat is urgently needed—now the ninth month is at hand and the myriad crops can be gathered; proclaim this far and near and order all to sow. Governors and prefects are to go in person to urge the season's work and see that it is done in time. Where households are utterly destitute, seed is to be distributed according to need." On guiwei day Emperor Wen heard cases in person at Jingyang Hall. On wuzi day an edict declared: "The muddy goblet and earthen drum—such sincerity is hard to recover; painted eggs and carved firewood—or perhaps they can be changed. In Liang's last days luxury had grown extreme: meat feasts sated petty clerks, singing bells filled the storehouses, buildings were painted cinnabar, carriages and horses were adorned with gold and jade—desire ran like a muddy stream and error drifted ever farther. We, from Our student years, have been inwardly content, yet Our house has cultivated plainness and Our chambers have been free of display; viewing the fashion of the age We have often wrung Our hands. Now, having falsely seized the timely moment and come to face the realm's summit, as We stand in a fallen age We wish to hear the way of good order: plain food and humble palace, content in thrift and simplicity, that this shallow custom may return to pure wind. Carved ornament and licentious display—not arms or utensils required for state ritual—gold, silver, pearls, jade, garments, and assorted luxuries: all alike are forbidden." On jiawu day the Zhou general He Ruodun led ten thousand horse and foot and suddenly reached Wuling; Wu Mingche, inspector of Wu prefecture, could not hold him and withdrew to Baling. On dingyou day the emperor reviewed troops at Zhengyang Hall.
22
九月癸丑，彗星見。 乙卯，周將獨孤盛領水軍將趣巴、湘，與賀若敦水陸俱進，太尉侯瑱自尋陽往禦之。 辛酉，遣儀同徐度率眾會瑱于巴丘。 景子，太白晝見。 丁丑，詔侯瑱眾軍進討巴、湘。
In the ninth month, on guichou day, a comet appeared. On yimao day the Zhou general Dugu Sheng led the fleet toward Ba and Xiang; with He Ruodun advancing by land and water together, Grand Marshal Hou Tian marched from Xunyang to oppose them. On xinyou day Xu Du, commissioner with equal rank, was dispatched with troops to join Hou Tian at Baqiu. On jingzi day the planet Venus was seen in daylight. On dingchou day an edict ordered Hou Tian and the host of armies to advance against Ba and Xiang.
23
十月癸巳，侯瑱襲破獨孤盛於楊葉洲，盡獲其船艦，盛收兵登岸，築城以保之。 丁酉，詔司空侯安都率眾會侯瑱南討。
In the tenth month, on guisi day, Hou Tian ambushed and routed Dugu Sheng at Yangye Islet, seizing all his ships; Sheng gathered his men ashore and built a fortified camp to hold his ground. On dingyou day an edict ordered Hou Andu, minister of works, to lead troops south to join Hou Tian.
24
十二月乙未，詔曰：「古者春夏二氣，不決重罪。 蓋以陽和布澤，天秩是弘，寬網眘刑，[10]義符含育，前王所以則天象地，立法垂訓者也。 朕屬當澆季，思求民瘼，哀矜惻隱，念甚納隍，常欲式遵舊軌，用長風化。 自今孟春訖于夏首，罪人大辟事已款者，宜且申停。」 己亥，周巴陵城主尉遲憲降，遣巴州刺史侯安鼎守之。 [11]庚子，獨孤盛將餘眾自楊葉洲潛遁。
In the twelfth month, on yiwei day, an edict declared: "In antiquity the two seasons of spring and summer did not decide capital crimes. For when yang harmony spreads its bounty Heaven's order is broad; a lenient net and cautious punishment [10] accord with fostering life—the former kings thereby took Heaven and earth as their model and set laws to hand down teaching. We stand in a fallen age and seek the people's afflictions; Our pity is deep, and Our thought of those drowning is like filling a moat—we ever wish to follow the old tracks and lengthen the wind of custom. From now, from the first month of spring until the start of summer, in capital cases where guilt is already established, execution is for the present to be suspended." On jihai day Yuchi Xian, Zhou commander of Baling, surrendered; Hou Anding, inspector of Baling, was sent to hold the city. [11] On gengzi day Dugu Sheng fled secretly from Yangye Islet with his remaining troops.
25
二年春正月庚戌，大赦天下。 以雲麾將軍、晉陵太守杜稜為侍中、領軍將軍。 辛亥，以始興王伯茂為宣惠將軍、揚州刺史。 乙卯，合州刺史裴景徽奔于齊。 [12]辛未，周湘州城主殷亮降，湘州平。
In the second year, spring, first month, on gengxu day, a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. Du Ling, general of cloudy pennons and administrator of Jinling, was made palace attendant and director of the guard. On xinhai day the Prince of Shixing, Bomao, was made general who spreads favour and inspector of Yangzhou. On yimao day Pei Jinghui, inspector of He province, defected to Qi. [12] On xinwei day Yin Liang, Zhou commander of Xiangzhou, surrendered, and Xiangzhou was pacified.
26
二月景戌，以太尉侯瑱為車騎將軍、湘州刺史。 庚寅，曲赦湘州諸郡。
In the second month, on jingxu day, Grand Marshal Hou Tian was made grand general of chariots and cavalry and inspector of Xiangzhou. On gengyin day a partial amnesty was granted for the commanderies of Xiangzhou.
27
三月乙卯，太尉、車騎將軍、湘州刺史侯瑱薨。 丁丑，[13]以鎮東將軍、會稽太守徐度為鎮南將軍、湘州刺史。
In the third month, on yimao day, Hou Tian, grand marshal, grand general of chariots and cavalry, and inspector of Xiangzhou, died. On dingchou day [13] Xu Du, general who pacifies the east and administrator of Kuaiji, was made general who pacifies the south and inspector of Xiangzhou.
28
夏四月，分荊州之南平、宜都、羅、河東四郡，置南荊州，鎮河東郡。 以安西將軍、武州刺史吳明徹為南荊州刺史。 庚寅，以安左將軍魯悉達為安南將軍、吳州刺史。 辛卯，老人星見。
In the fourth month of summer, the four commanderies of Nanping, Yidu, Luo, and Hedong in Jingzhou were detached to form South Jingzhou, with its seat at Hedong commandery. Wu Mingche, general who pacifies the west and inspector of Wu prefecture, was made inspector of South Jingzhou. On gengyin day Lu Sidao, general who pacifies the left, was made general who pacifies the south and inspector of Wu prefecture. On xinmao day the Old Man star appeared.
29
秋七月景午，周將賀若敦自拔遁歸，人畜死者十七八。 武陵、天門、南平、義陽、河東、宜都郡悉平。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jingwu day, the Zhou general He Ruodun broke out and fled on his own; seven or eight in ten of his men and livestock perished. The commanderies of Wuling, Tianmen, Nanping, Yiyang, Hedong, and Yidu were all pacified.
30
九月甲寅，詔曰：「姬業方闡，望載渭濱，漢曆既融，道通圮上。 若乃摛精辰宿，降靈惟岳，風雲有感，夢寐是求，斯固舟楫鹽梅，遞相表裏，長世建國，罔或不然。 至於銘德太常，從祀清廟，以貽厥後來，垂諸不朽者也。 前皇經濟區宇，裁成品物，靈貺式甄，光膺寶命，雖謩明濬發，幽顯協從，亦文武賢能，翼宣王業。 故大司馬、驃騎大將軍瑱，故司空文育，故平北將軍、開府儀同三司僧明，故中護軍穎，故領軍將軍擬，或締構艱難，經綸夷險； 或摧鋒冒刃，殉義遺生； 或宣哲協規，綢繆帷幄； 或披荊汗馬，終始勤劬； 莫不罄誠悉力，屯泰以之。 朕以寡昧，嗣膺丕緒，永言勳烈，思弘典訓，便可式遵故實，載揚盛軌，可並配食高祖廟庭，俾茲大猷，永傳宗祏。」 景辰，以侍中、中權將軍、特進、左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司王沖為丹陽尹； 丹陽尹沈君理為左民尚書，領步兵校尉。
In the ninth month, on jiayin day, an edict declared: "When the house of Ji was opening its work, hopes fixed on the banks of the Wei; when Han's mandate was fulfilled, the Way reached the ruined altar. When essence is gathered from the constellations and spirit descends from the sacred peak, when wind and cloud respond and dreams seek their man—this is indeed the boat and oar, the salt and plum, inner and outer in turn, for founding states through long ages—has it ever been otherwise? And when merit is inscribed in the Grand Steward and they share sacrifice in the clear temple, to leave it to those who come after and hang it in imperishable record. The former emperor regulated the realm and completed the shaping of things; numinous favour was bestowed and the treasured mandate brightly received—though sagely brilliance shone forth and hidden and manifest alike followed, still civil and military worthies aided and spread the royal enterprise. Thus the late Grand Marshal and general-in-chief Hou Tian, the late Minister of Works Zhou Wenyu, the late general who pacifies the north and champion with honours Zhou Sengming, the late central army commander Hu Ying, and the late director of the guard Chen Ni—some framed the structure in hardship and steered policy through peril; some dashed the vanguard and braved the blade, dying for righteousness and leaving their lives; some with bright wisdom joined counsel and bound the inner strategy; some cleared thorns and sweated for the horse, diligent from first to last; none failed to exhaust loyalty and strength, and by them security was established. We, dim and few, have succeeded to the great line; ever mindful of their achievements We wish to enlarge the canon: let the former precedent be followed and the grand track be raised—they may all share sacrifice in the High Ancestor's temple court, that this great design may ever pass through the ancestral tablets." On jingchen day Wang Chong, palace attendant, central authority general, special grandee, left grandee of the imperial household, and champion with honours, was made intendant of Danyang; Shen Junli, intendant of Danyang, was made director of the left in the Ministry of the People and concurrently commandant of footsoldiers.
31
冬十月乙巳，[14]霍州西山蠻率部落內屬。
In the tenth month of winter, on yisi day, [14] the Western Mountain tribes of Huo Prefecture led their clans to submit.
32
十一月乙卯，高驪國遣使獻方物。 甲子，以武昌、國川為竟陵郡，以安流民。
In the eleventh month, on yimao day, Goguryeo sent envoys bearing tribute. On jiazi day Wuchang and Guochuan were formed into Jingling commandery to settle displaced people.
33
十二月辛巳，以安東將軍、吳郡太守孫瑒為中護軍。 甲申，立始興國廟於京師，用王者之禮。 太子中庶子虞荔、御史中丞孔奐以國用不足，奏立煮海鹽賦及榷酤之科，詔並施行。 先是，縉州刺史留異應于王琳等反，景戌，詔司空侯安都率眾討之。
In the twelfth month, on xinsi day, Sun Rang, general who pacifies the east and administrator of Wu commandery, was made central army commander. On jiashen day the ancestral temple of the state of Shixing was established in the capital with the rites due a king. Yu Li, attendant to the crown prince, and Kong Huan, imperial censor-in-chief, because state revenue was insufficient, memorialized to establish levies on sea-salt boiling and wine monopolies; an edict ordered both measures carried out. Earlier, Liu Yi, inspector of Shixin, had joined Wang Lin's rebellion; on jingxu day an edict ordered Hou Andu, minister of works, to lead troops against him.
34
三年春正月庚戌，設帷宮於南郊，幣告胡公以配天。 辛亥，輿駕親祠南郊。 詔曰：「朕負荷寶圖，亟回星琯，兢兢業業，庶幾治定，而德化不孚，俗弊滋甚，永言念之，無忘日夜。 陽和布氣，昭事上玄，躬奉牲玉，誠兼饗敬，思與黎元被斯寬惠。 可普賜民爵一級。 其孝悌力田，別加一等。」 辛酉，輿駕親祠北郊。
In the third year, spring, first month, on gengxu day, a ritual canopy was set up at the Southern Suburb and silks were offered to Lord Hu as companion to Heaven. On xinhai day the emperor personally sacrificed at the Southern Suburb. An edict declared: "We bear the imperial chart; the stars turn again and again; diligent and fearful, We hope for settled order—yet Our virtue has not won the people and custom's ills grow worse; speaking of it We cannot forget it day or night. When yang harmony spreads its breath We brightly serve the Supreme; We personally offer victims and jade in sincerity and reverent offering, thinking to share this broad bounty with the people. A general grant of noble rank of one degree may be made to the people. Those noted for filial piety, brotherliness, and diligence in farming receive an additional degree. On xinyou day the emperor personally sacrificed at the Northern Suburb.
35
閏二月己酉，以百濟王餘明為撫東大將軍，高句驪王高湯[15]為寧東將軍。 江州刺史周迪舉兵應留異，襲湓城，攻豫章郡，並不剋。 辛亥，以南荊州刺史吳明徹為安右將軍。 甲子，改鑄五銖錢。
In the intercalary second month, on jiyou day, Yu Ming, king of Baekje, was made grand general who pacifies the east, and Gao Tang [15], king of Goguryeo, was made general who tranquilizes the east. Zhou Di, inspector of Jiangzhou, raised troops in support of Liu Yi, attacked Pencheng, and assaulted Yuzhang commandery, but could not take them. On xinhai day Wu Mingche, inspector of South Jingzhou, was made general who pacifies the right. On jiazi day the court recast five-zhu coin.
36
三月景子，安成王頊至自周，詔授侍中、中書監、中衛將軍，置佐史。 丁丑，以安右將軍吳明徹為安南將軍、江州刺史，督眾軍南討。 甲申，大赦天下。 庚寅，司空侯安都破留異於桃支嶺，[16]異脫身奔晉安，東陽郡平。
In the third month, on jingzi day, the King of Ancheng, Xu, returned from Northern Zhou; an edict named him palace attendant, director of the secretariat, and central guard general, with staff appointed. On dingchou day Wu Mingche, general who pacifies the right, was made general who pacifies the south and inspector of Jiangzhou, commanding the southern expedition. On jiashen day the throne proclaimed a general amnesty. On gengyin day Hou Andu, minister of works, routed Liu Yi at Peach Branch Ridge; [16] Yi fled to Jin'an, and Dongyang commandery was pacified.
37
夏四月癸卯，曲赦東陽郡。 乙巳，齊遣使來聘。
In the fourth month of summer, on guimao day, Dongyang commandery received a partial amnesty. On yisi day Northern Qi sent envoys on a friendly visit.
38
六月景辰，以侍中、中衛將軍安成王頊為驃騎將軍、揚州刺史。 以會稽、東陽、臨海、永嘉、新安、新寧、晉安、建安八郡置東揚州。 以揚州刺史始興王伯茂為鎮東將軍、東揚州刺史，征北將軍、司空、南徐州刺史侯安都為侍中、征北大將軍。
In the sixth month, on jingchen day, the King of Ancheng, Xu, palace attendant and central guard general, was made grand general of cavalry and inspector of Yangzhou. Eight commanderies—Kuaiji, Dongyang, Linhai, Yongjia, Xin'an, Xinning, Jin'an, and Jian'an—were combined into East Yangzhou. The King of Shixing, Boma, inspector of Yangzhou, became general who guards the east and inspector of East Yangzhou; Hou Andu, general who campaigns north, minister of works, and inspector of South Xuzhou, became palace attendant and grand general who campaigns north.
39
秋七月己丑，皇太子納妃王氏。 在位文武賜帛各有差，孝悌力田為父後者賜爵二級。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jichou day, the crown prince married Lady Wang. Serving officials received graded gifts of silk; men honored for filial piety, brotherly conduct, and farming who were family heirs received two ranks of nobility.
40
九月戊辰朔，日有食之。 以侍中、都官尚書到仲舉為尚書右僕射、丹陽尹。 丁亥，周迪請降，詔安成王頊督眾軍以招納之。
On wuchen, the new moon of the ninth month, there was a solar eclipse. Dao Zhongju, palace attendant and minister of justice, was made right vice director of the masters of writing and governor of Danyang. On dinghai day Zhou Di offered to surrender; an edict ordered the King of Ancheng, Xu, to command the armies that would take him in.
41
是歲，周所立梁王蕭詧死，子巋代立。
That year Xiao Cha, the Liang ruler Zhou had set up, died; his son Kui succeeded him.
42
四年春正月景子，干陀利國遣使獻方物。 甲申，周迪棄城走，閩州刺史陳寶應納之，臨川郡平。 壬辰，以平西將軍、郢州刺史章昭達為護軍將軍，仁武將軍、新州刺史華皎進號平南將軍，鎮南將軍、開府儀同三司、高州刺史黃法𣰋為鎮北大將軍、南徐州刺史，安西將軍、領臨川太守周敷為南豫州刺史，中護軍孫瑒為鎮右將軍。 罷高州隸入江州。
In the first month of spring of the fourth year, on jingzi day, Gandhara sent envoys with tribute. On jiashen day Zhou Di abandoned his city and fled; Chen Baoying, inspector of Minzhou, took him in, and Linchuan commandery was pacified. On renchen day Zhang Zhaoda, general who pacifies the west and inspector of Yingzhou, became protector general; Hua Jiao, benevolent and martial general and inspector of Xinzhou, was promoted to general who pacifies the south; Huang Fahe, general who guards the south with staff equal to the three counsellors and inspector of Gaozhou, became grand general who guards the north and inspector of South Xuzhou; Zhou Fu, general who pacifies the west and concurrent inspector of Linchuan, became inspector of South Yuzhou; and central bulwark general Sun Yang became general who guards the right. Gaozhou was abolished and placed under Jiangzhou.
43
二月戊戌，征南將軍、開府儀同三司、廣州刺史歐陽頠進號征南大將軍。 庚戌，以侍中、司空、征北大將軍侯安都為征南大將軍、江州刺史。 庚申，以平南將軍華皎為南湘州刺史。 [17]
In the second month, on wuxu day, Ouyang Yi, general who campaigns south with staff equal to the three counsellors and inspector of Guangzhou, was promoted to grand general who campaigns south. On gengxu day Hou Andu, palace attendant, minister of works, and grand general who campaigns north, was made grand general who campaigns south and inspector of Jiangzhou. On gengshen day Hua Jiao, general who pacifies the south, was made inspector of South Xiangzhou. See editorial note 17.
44
三月辛未，以鎮南將軍、開府儀同三司徐度為侍中、中軍大將軍。 辛巳，詔贈討周迪將士死王事者。
In the third month, on xinwei day, Xu Du, general who guards the south with staff equal to the three counsellors, was made palace attendant and grand general of the central army. On xinsi day an edict honored officers and soldiers who fell campaigning against Zhou Di.
45
夏四月辛丑，設無遮大會於太極前殿。 乙卯，以侍中、中書監、中衛將軍、驃騎將軍、揚州刺史安成王頊為開府儀同三司。
In the fourth month of summer, on xinchou day, a great Buddhist assembly without hindrance was held before the Hall of the Supreme Ultimate. On yimao day the King of Ancheng, Xu, palace attendant, director of the secretariat, central guard general, grand general of cavalry, and inspector of Yangzhou, received staff equal to the three counsellors.
46
五月丁卯，安前將軍、右光祿大夫徐世譜卒。
In the fifth month, on dingmao day, Xu Shipu, general who pacifies the van and right director of the masters of writing for splendid happiness, died.
47
六月癸巳，太白晝見。 司空侯安都賜死。
In the sixth month, on guisi day, Venus appeared by day. Hou Andu, minister of works, was ordered to take his own life.
48
七月丁丑，以鎮北大將軍、開府儀同三司、南徐州刺史黃法𣰋為鎮南大將軍、江州刺史。
In the seventh month, on dingchou day, Huang Fahe, grand general who guards the north with staff equal to the three counsellors and inspector of South Xuzhou, was made grand general who guards the south and inspector of Jiangzhou.
49
九月壬戌，開府儀同三司、廣州刺史歐陽頠薨。 癸亥，曲赦京師。 辛未，周迪復寇臨川，詔護軍章昭達率眾討之。
In the ninth month, on renxu day, Ouyang Yi, grand mentor with staff equal to the three counsellors and inspector of Guangzhou, died. On guihai day the capital received a partial amnesty. On xinwei day Zhou Di raided Linchuan again; an edict sent Protector General Zhang Zhaoda against him.
50
十一月辛酉，章昭達大破周迪，悉擒其黨與，迪脫身潛竄。
In the eleventh month, on xinyou day, Zhang Zhaoda routed Zhou Di, seized his whole following, and Di escaped in hiding.
51
十二月景申，大赦天下。 詔護軍將軍章昭達進軍建安，以討陳寶應。 信威將軍、益州刺史余孝頃督會稽、東陽、臨海、永嘉諸軍自東道會之。 癸丑，以前安南將軍、江州刺史吳明徹為鎮前將軍。
In the twelfth month, on jingshen day, a general amnesty was proclaimed. An edict ordered Protector General Zhang Zhaoda to march on Jian'an against Chen Baoying. Yu Xiaoxiang, trustworthy and martial general and inspector of Yizhou, was to command Kuaiji, Dongyang, Linhai, and Yongjia troops from the east to link up with him. On guichou day Wu Mingche, former general who pacifies the south and inspector of Jiangzhou, was made general who guards the van.
52
五年春正月庚辰，以吏部尚書、領右軍將軍袁樞為丹陽尹。 辛巳，輿駕親祠北郊。 乙酉，江州湓城火，燒死者二百餘人。
In the first month of spring of the fifth year, on gengchen day, Yuan Shu, minister of the ministry of personnel and general of the right army, was made governor of Danyang. On xinsi day the emperor sacrificed in person at the Northern Suburb. On yiyou day fire destroyed Pencheng in Jiangzhou, killing more than two hundred people.
53
三月丁丑，以征南大將軍、開府儀同三司、桂州刺史淳于量為中撫軍大將軍。 壬午，詔以故護軍將軍周鐵虎配食高祖廟庭。
In the third month, on dingchou day, Chunyu Liang, grand general who campaigns south with staff equal to the three counsellors and inspector of Guizhou, was made grand general who pacifies the center. On renwu day an edict placed the late Protector General Zhou Tiehu in the roster of sacrifices at the Founder Emperor's temple.
54
夏四月庚子，周遣使來聘。
In the fourth month of summer, on gengzi day, Northern Zhou sent envoys on a friendly visit.
55
五月庚午，罷南丹陽郡。 是月，周、齊並遣使來聘。
In the fifth month, on gengwu day, South Danyang commandery was abolished. That month both Northern Zhou and Northern Qi sent friendly embassies.
56
六月丁未，夜，有白氣兩道，出于北斗東南，屬地。
On the night of dingwei in the sixth month, two white rays rose southeast of the Big Dipper and touched the earth.
57
秋七月丁丑，詔曰：「朕以寡昧，屬當負重，星籥亟改，冕旒弗曠，不能仰協璿衡，用調玉燭，傍慰蒼生，以安黔首。 兵無寧歲，民乏有年，移風之道未弘，習俗之患猶在，致令氓多觸網，吏繁筆削，獄犴滋章，雖由物犯，囹圄淹滯，亦或有冤。 念俾納隍，載勞負扆，加以膚湊不適，攝衛有虧，比獲微痊，思覃寬惠，可曲赦京師。」
In the seventh month of autumn, on dingchou day, an edict declared: "We are unworthy yet bear the throne; years turn quickly, yet We never neglect the crown. We cannot align Heaven's scale, adjust the jade tally, and so comfort the people and give the masses peace. War gives the land no quiet year; the people know lean harvests. Reform has not gone far enough, old abuses remain, and too many commoners fall into the law. Clerks multiply their records; prisons swell. Some suffer through their own crimes, but many linger in chains who may be innocent. Remembering the people on the brink of ruin, We labor at the throne; Our health too has failed and Our care of the body is wanting. Now that We are somewhat recovered, We mean to show wide mercy: let the capital receive a partial amnesty."
58
九月，城西城。
In the ninth month work walled the western quarter of the capital.
59
冬十一月丁亥，以左衛將軍程靈洗為中護軍。 己丑，章昭達破陳寶應于建安，擒寶應、留異，送京師，晉安郡平。 甲辰，以護軍將軍章昭達為鎮前將軍、開府儀同三司。
In the eleventh month of winter, on dinghai day, Cheng Lingxi, general of the left guard, was made central bulwark general. On jichou day Zhang Zhaoda defeated Chen Baoying at Jian'an, seized Baoying and Liu Yi, and sent them to the capital; Jin'an commandery was pacified. On jiachen day Protector General Zhang Zhaoda was made general who guards the van with staff equal to the three counsellors.
60
十二月甲子，曲赦建安、晉安二郡。 討陳寶應將士死王事者，並給棺槥，送還本鄉，并復其家。 瘡痍未瘳者，給其醫藥。 癸未，齊遣使來聘。
In the twelfth month, on jiazi day, Jian'an and Jin'an commanderies received a partial amnesty. Officers and soldiers who fell against Chen Baoying were given coffins and sent home, and their families were restored to standing. The wounded who had not yet recovered were supplied with medicine. On guiwei day Northern Qi sent envoys on a friendly visit.
61
六年春正月甲午，皇太子加元服，王公以下賜帛各有差，孝悌力田為父後者賜爵一級，鰥寡孤獨不能自存者穀人五斛。 庚戌，以領軍將軍杜稜為翊左將軍、丹陽尹，丹陽尹袁樞為吏部尚書，衛尉卿沈欽為中領軍。
In the first month of spring of the sixth year, on jiawu day, the crown prince came of age; princes and officials received graded gifts of silk; filial farmers who were heirs gained one rank of nobility; and widows, orphans, and the destitute received five hu of grain each. On gengxu day Du Ling, general of the garrison army, became left assistant general and governor of Danyang; Yuan Shu, governor of Danyang, became minister of the ministry of personnel; and Shen Qin, chamberlain for the palace revenues, became general of the garrison army.
62
三月乙未，詔侯景以來遭亂移在建安、晉安、義安郡者，並許還本土，其被略為奴婢者，釋為良民。
In the third month, on yiwei day, an edict allowed everyone displaced since Hou Jing's rebellion into Jian'an, Jin'an, and Yi'an to go home, and ordered those taken as slaves or bondmaids freed as commoners.
63
夏四月甲寅，以侍中、中書監、中衛將軍、驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司、揚州刺史安成王頊為司空。 辛酉，有彗星見。 [18]周遣使來聘。
In the fourth month of summer, on jiayin day, the King of Ancheng, Xu, palace attendant, director of the secretariat, central guard general, grand general of cavalry with staff equal to the three counsellors, and inspector of Yangzhou, was made minister of works. On xinyou day a comet was seen. [18] Northern Zhou sent envoys on a friendly visit.
64
秋七月癸未，大風至自西南，廣百餘步，激壞靈臺候樓。 甲申，儀賢堂無故自壞。 景戌，臨川太守駱文牙斬周迪，[19]傳首京師，梟於朱雀航。 丁酉，太白晝見。
In the seventh month of autumn, on guiwei day, a gale from the southwest, over a hundred paces across, wrecked the Spirit Terrace watchtower. On jiashen day the Hall for Honoring the Worthy collapsed without evident cause. On jingxu day Luo Wenya, governor of Linchuan, executed Zhou Di; [19] the head was sent to the capital and displayed at the Vermilion Bird landing. On dingyou day Venus appeared by day.
65
八月丁丑，詔曰：「梁室多故，禍亂相尋，兵甲紛紜，十年不解，不逞之徒虐流生氣，無賴之屬暴及徂魂。 江左肇基，王者攸宅，金行水位之主，木運火德之君，時更四代，歲逾二百。 若其經綸 （三） 〔王〕業，[20]縉紳民望，忠臣孝子，何世無才，[21]而零落山丘，變移陵谷，或皆剪伐，莫不侵殘。 玉杯得於民間，漆簡傳於世載，無復五株之樹，罕見千年之表。 自大祚光啟，恭惟揖讓，爰暨朕躬，聿脩祖武，雖復旂旗服色，猶行杞、宋之 （計） 〔邦〕，[22]每車駕巡遊，眇瞻河、雒之路，故喬山之祀，蘋藻弗虧，驪山之墳，松柏恆守。 唯戚藩舊壟，士子故塋，掩殣未周，樵牧猶眾。 或親屬流隸，負土無期，子孫冥滅，手植何寄。 漢高留連於無忌，宋祖惆悵於子房，丘墓生哀，性靈共惻者也。 [23]朕所以興言永日，思慰幽泉。 維前代王侯，自古忠烈，墳冢被髮絕無後者，可檢行脩治，墓中樹木，勿得樵採，庶幽顯咸暢，稱朕意焉。」 己卯，立皇子伯固為新安郡王，伯恭為晉安王，伯仁為廬陵王，伯義為江夏王。
In the eighth month, on dingchou day, an edict declared: "The Liang house knew endless trouble; disaster followed disaster; arms did not rest for ten years; the lawless ravaged the living, and the vile afflicted the dead. When the southeast first rose, it was the seat of kings—sovereigns of metal and water, wood and fire, four lines in all, spanning more than two hundred years. In ordering the realm (three) [wang] enterprise, [20] the gentry's honor and the people's hope—loyal ministers and filial sons appear in every age, [21] yet they lie ruined on the hills, graves and valleys have shifted, and many were cut down until nothing was left unspoiled. Jade cups survived among the people and lacquered books in family stores, but the five-trunk trees were gone and thousand-year tablets seldom seen. Since the great mandate dawned, from the reverent yielding of the throne down to Our own reign, We have kept the ancestral way; though banners and dress still follow the model of Qi and Song, (plan) [state], [22] whenever We tour, We look toward the Yellow River and Luo; the rites at Mount Qiao are not neglected, offerings are not wanting, and at Mount Li the pines and cypresses stand guard. Only the old tombs of imperial kin and the graves of scholars and officers were not fully tended; woodcutters and herdsmen still swarmed there. Some kin were sold into bondage and could not mound the earth in time; lines died out in silence, and the trees they planted had no keeper. Han Gaozu mourned at Wuji's tomb, and the Song founder grieved at Zhang Liang's grave—tombs move the heart, and spirit feels the same sorrow. [23] That is why We speak of it through the day and wish to comfort the dead below. Former kings and marquises, and loyal and fierce men of old whose graves lie ruined and without heirs, shall be sought out and repaired; trees in the tombs must not be cut for fuel—so that the living and the dead may be at peace, as We desire." On jimao day Princes Bogu, Bogong, Boren, and Boyi were enfeoffed as kings of Xin'an, Jin'an, Luling, and Jiangxia.
66
九月癸未，罷豫章郡。 是月，新作大航。
In the ninth month, on guiwei day, Yuzhang commandery was abolished. That month a new Great Floating Bridge was constructed.
67
冬十月辛亥，齊遣使來聘。
In the tenth month of winter, on xinhai day, Northern Qi sent envoys on a friendly visit.
68
十二月乙卯，立皇子伯禮為武陵王。 丁巳，以鎮前將軍、開府儀同三司章昭達為鎮南將軍、江州刺史，鎮南大將軍、江州刺史黃法𣰋為中衛大將軍，中護軍程靈洗為宣毅將軍、郢州刺史，軍師將軍、郢州刺史沈恪為中護軍，鎮東將軍、吳興太守吳明徹為中領軍。 戊午，以東中郎將、吳郡太守鄱陽王伯山為平北將軍、南徐州刺史。 癸亥，詔曰：「朕自居民牧之重，託在王公之上，顧其寡昧，鬱于治道。 加以屢虧聽覽，事多壅積，冤滯靡申，幽枉弗鑒。 念茲罪隸，有甚納隍。 而惠澤未流，愆陽累月，今歲序云暮，元正向肇，欲使幽圄之內，同被時和，可曲赦京師。」
In the twelfth month, on yimao day, Prince Boli was enfeoffed as King of Wuling. On dingsi day Zhang Zhaoda, general who guards the van with staff equal to the three counsellors, became grand general who guards the south and inspector of Jiangzhou; Huang Fahe, grand general who guards the south and inspector of Jiangzhou, became grand central guard general; Cheng Lingxi, central bulwark general, became trustworthy and martial general and inspector of Yingzhou; Shen Ke, military adviser general and inspector of Yingzhou, became central bulwark general; and Wu Mingche, general who guards the east and governor of Wuxing, became general of the garrison army. On wuwu day the King of Poyang, Boshan, eastern central commander and governor of Wu commandery, was made general who pacifies the north and inspector of South Xuzhou. On guihai day an edict declared: "Since We took on the burden of caring for the people and were set above kings and dukes, We have known Our own dullness and been troubled at governing. Again and again Our health has failed; business has piled up blocked; prisoners' grievances go unheard, and hidden wrongs are not judged. Thinking of those in chains, We feel as though the people stood on the brink of ruin. Yet mercy has not gone out; drought has lingered for months. The year ends and the new year nears—We wish even those in prison to share the season's peace: let the capital receive a partial amnesty."
69
天康元年春二月景子，詔曰：「朕以寡德，纂承洪緒，日昃劬勞，思弘景業，而政道多昧，黎庶未康，兼疹患淹時，亢陽累月，百姓何咎，寔由朕躬，念茲在茲，痛如疾首。 可大赦天下，改天嘉七年為天康元年。」
In the second month of spring of the first year of Tiankang, on jingzi day, an edict declared: "We are unworthy yet have inherited the great line. Day and night We labor to enlarge the bright work, yet government is still unclear and the people are not at ease. Illness has lingered, drought has lasted for months—the people are blameless; the fault is Ours alone. The thought of it pains Us like a wound in the head. Let there be a general amnesty, and let the seventh year of Tianjia become the first year of Tiankang."
70
三月己卯，以驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司、揚州刺史、司空安成王頊為尚書令。
In the third month, on jimao day, the King of Ancheng, Xu, grand general of cavalry with staff equal to the three counsellors, inspector of Yangzhou, and minister of works, was made director of the masters of writing.
71
夏四月乙卯，皇孫至澤生，在位文武賜絹帛各有差，為父後者賜爵一級。 癸酉，世祖疾甚。 是日，崩于有覺殿。 遺詔曰：「朕疾苦彌留，遂至不救，脩短有命，夫復何言。 但王業艱難，頻歲軍旅，生民多弊，無忘愧惕。 今方隅乃定，俗教未弘，便及大漸，以為遺恨。 社稷任重，太子可即君臨，王侯將相，善相輔翊，內外協和，勿違朕意！ 山陵務存儉速。 大斂竟，群臣三日一臨，公除之制，率依舊典。」
In the fourth month of summer, on yimao day, an imperial grandson, Ze, was born; officials received graded gifts of silk and brocade, and heirs one rank of nobility. On guiyou day Emperor Wen's illness grew critical. That same day he died in Youjue Hall. His death edict read: "My illness lingers without relief and has reached what medicine cannot cure; length of days is ordained—what more can I say? Yet the throne's work is hard, campaigns come year after year, and the people bear many wounds—never lose your sense of shame and care. The realm has only just been pacified and custom and learning are not yet abroad, yet I approach my end—that is my regret. The state rests on heavy shoulders: let the crown prince take the throne at once; let princes and ministers aid him well; keep court and command united and do not stray from my wish. Keep my tomb plain and the burial swift. After the laying in state, ministers shall attend every three days; rules for ending public mourning shall follow the old code."
72
六月甲子，群臣上謚曰文皇帝，廟號世祖。 景寅，葬永寧陵。
In the sixth month, on jiazi day, the ministers offered the posthumous name Emperor Wen and temple name Shizu. On jingyin day he was interred at Yongning Mausoleum.
73
世祖起自艱難，知百姓疾苦。 國家資用，務從儉約。 常所調斂，事不獲已者，必咨嗟改色，若在諸身。 主者奏決，妙識真偽，下不容姦，人知自勵矣。 一夜內刺閨取外事分判者，前後相續。 每雞人伺漏，傳更籤於殿中，乃敕送者必投籤於階石之上，令鎗然有聲，云「吾雖眠，亦令驚覺也」。 始終梗概，若此者多焉。
Emperor Wen came up through hardship and understood the people's distress. State spending was kept spare and frugal. Whenever unavoidable levies had to be ordered, he sighed and his face fell as if the burden were his own. He reviewed memorials with a keen eye for truth and fraud; subordinates could not cheat, and men learned to discipline themselves. Night after night messengers came from the inner gate bearing outside business for him to decide. Each time the night herald brought the watch tally to the hall, he ordered it thrown onto the stone steps with a sharp clatter, saying, "Even in sleep I want to be roused." His firm character showed in many such ways from first to last.
74
陳吏部尚書姚察曰：世稱繼體守文，宗枝承統，得失之閒，蓋亦詳矣。 大抵以奉而勿墜為賢能，橈而易之為不肖； 其有光揚前軌，克荷曾構，固以少焉。 世祖自初發跡，功庸顯著，寧亂靜寇，首佐大業。 及國禍奄臻，入承寶祚，兢兢業業，其若馭朽。 [24]加以崇尚儒術，愛悅文義，見善如弗及，用人如由己，恭儉以御身，勤勞以濟物，自昔允文允武之君，東征西怨之后，賓實之跡，可為聯類。 至於杖聰明，用鑒識，斯則永平之政，前史其論諸。
Yao Cha, Chen Director of the Ministry of Personnel, said: The world judges heirs who keep the founder's way and branches that carry on the line, and the record of success and failure is long. In general, to hold the legacy without letting it slip counts as talent; to warp or lightly change it counts as failure. Those who brighten their forebears' path and bear up the work of earlier builders are few indeed. From his first rise Emperor Wen's deeds were plain: he stilled rebellion, quieted enemies, and stood at the head of the founding effort. When disaster struck the realm and he took the throne, he was cautious and uneasy, as one who drives a rotted axle. [24] He honored Confucian learning and loved letters, pursued good as if he could never catch it, and chose men as if for himself; he ruled his own life with modest frugality and labored for the people's good. He belongs in the company of rulers true in wen and wu and of consorts whose campaigns won both praise and lament—the pattern fits the finest models of old. In wielding talent and sound judgment he matched the Yongping reign of Han; the histories say as much.
75
校勘記
Collation notes
76
以功授持節都督會稽等十郡諸軍事宣毅將軍會稽太守按高祖紀下永定元年十一月丙申詔文，「持節」作「使持節」。 別有長城縣侯之爵，此未書。
On "by merit appointed Bearer of the Staff, commander of ten Kuaiji-region commanderies, General Who Proclaims Martial Valor, governor of Kuaiji": the Founder's annals for Yongding 1/11/bingchen read Bearer of the Staff with Credential. He also held the rank of Marquis of Changcheng County, omitted here.
77
平南將軍開府儀同三司周迪進號鎮南將軍按 〈周迪傳〉 「鎮南將軍」作「安南將軍」。
On "General Who Pacifies the South, opener of the mansion equal to the three dukes Zhou Di advanced to General Who Garrisons the South"—note: 〈Biography of Zhou Di〉 reads General Who Pacifies the South.
78
庚戌封皇子伯茂為始興王按 〈始興王伯茂傳〉 ，其受封在永定三年十月，此云八月庚戌，與傳異。
On "gengxu day Prince Bamao was enfeoffed Prince of Shixing"—note: 〈Biography of Prince Bamao of Shixing〉 his enfeoffment came in the tenth month of Yongding year 3; this entry's eighth month, gengxu day disagrees with the biography.
79
徙封始興嗣王頊為安成王「頊」原作「諱」，蓋姚察原文如是，今據北監本、汲本、殿本改。 後如此不悉出校記。
On "transferring the Shixing heir Prince Xu to Prince of Ancheng": the text originally read taboo name, preserving Yao Cha's wording; emended per the Northern Supervisory, Jigu, and Hall editions. Similar cases below are not all noted in full.
80
九月辛酉立皇子伯宗為皇太子按「九月辛酉」廢帝紀作「八月庚戌」。
On "ninth month, xinyou day, Prince Bozong was made crown prince": the Deposed Emperor's annals read eighth month, gengxu day.
81
忭流庶俗「忭」原訛「抃」，各本不訛，今改正。
On "exultation flowed among the common folk": the text originally read clap for exult; other editions are correct; emended.
82
亦同肆眚「肆」原訛「拜」，各本不訛，今改正。
On "also alike in bestowing amnesty": the text originally read bow for bestow; other editions are correct; emended.
83
江寧既是舊塋「是」北監本、殿本作「有」。
On "Jiangning was already the old burial ground": the Northern Supervisory and Hall editions read had for was.
84
使棫樸載哥「哥」《元龜》八一三作「歌」。 按哥即古歌字，下「哥鍾列於管庫」同。
On "making oaks and rough timber bear song": Yuan Gui 813 reads song (ge) instead of brother (ge). Note: ge is the archaic form of song; the same applies to song-bells in the storehouse treasury below.
85
寬網眘刑「眘」各本作「省」。 按眘古慎字，作「省」者疑後人臆改。
On "broadening the net and cautious punishment": all editions read reduce (sheng) for the character here rendered cautious (shen). Note: shen is the old form of cautious; reduce looks like a later guess.
86
遣巴州刺史侯安鼎守之「侯安鼎」各本作「侯安都」。 張元濟 〈校勘記〉 云：「時侯安都以司空會侯瑱南討，未嘗為巴州刺史，侯安鼎當別是一人。」
On "dispatching Ba Province Inspector Hou Anding to hold it": all editions read Hou Andu. Zhang Yuanji 〈Collation note〉 writes: "At the time Hou Andu as minister of works joined Hou Tian on the southern campaign and had never been Ba Province inspector—Hou Anding must be someone else."
87
合州刺史裴景徽奔于齊「裴景徽」《北齊書》、《南史·王琳傳》並作「裴景暉」。
On "He Province Inspector Pei Jinghui fled to Qi": the Book of Northern Qi and the Wang Lin biography in the Southern Dynasties annals both read Pei Jinghui with a variant final character (hui).
88
丁丑按是年三月丁未朔，無丁丑，缺疑。
On dingchou day: that year the third month began on dingwei—no dingchou occurs; date doubtful.
89
冬十月乙巳「乙巳」《南史·陳世祖紀》作「癸丑」。 按是年十月癸酉朔，無乙巳，亦無癸丑，缺疑。
On "winter, tenth month, yisi day": the Southern Dynasties Annals of Chen Emperor Wen read guichou. That year the tenth month began on guiyou—neither yisi nor guichou fits; date doubtful.
90
天嘉三年，高句驪王高湯，或本作「高陽」。
Tianjia year 3, Goguryeo king Gao Tang; some texts read Gao Yang.
91
司空侯安都破留異於桃支嶺「桃支嶺」 〈侯安都傳〉 作「桃枝嶺」。
On "Minister of Works Hou Andu defeated Liu Yi at Taozhi Ridge"—note: 〈Biography of Hou Andu〉 reads Taozhi Ridge.
92
以平南將軍華皎為南湘州刺史錢大昕《廿二史考異》云：「本傳但云湘州刺史，『南』字疑衍。」
On "appointing General Who Pacifies the South Hua Jiao inspector of South Xiangzhou": Qian Daxin holds the biography reads only Xiangzhou inspector and that South is probably intrusive.
93
辛酉有彗星見「辛酉」上《南史·陳世祖紀》有「六月」二字，此脫。 按《隋書·天文志》，陳天嘉六年六月辛酉，有彗長可丈餘。
On "xinyou day a comet appeared": the Southern Dynasties Annals of Chen Emperor Wen place sixth month before xinyou; it is omitted here. The Sui Treatise on Astronomy records a comet over a zhang long on xinyou of the sixth month, Chen Tianjia year 6.
94
臨川太守駱文牙斬周迪錢大昕《廿二史考異》云：「本傳及陳寶應傳但稱『駱牙』。」
On "Linchuan governor Luo Wenya beheaded Zhou Di": Qian Daxin notes the biographies call him only Luo Ya.
95
若其經綸 （三） 〔王〕業據南監本及《元龜》一九一改。
As for their governance of the realm (3) On [Wang] enterprise: emended per the Southern Supervisory edition and Yuan Gui 191.
96
何世無才「才」《元龜》一九一作「之」。 按作「之」義長。
On "what age lacks talent": Yuan Gui 191 reads it for talent. Note: it makes better sense.
97
猶行杞宋之 （計） 〔邦〕據南監本及《元龜》一九一改。
Still observed the rites of Qi and Song (omitted fragment) On [state]: emended per the Southern Supervisory edition and Yuan Gui 191.
98
性靈共惻者也「惻」原訛「測」，各本不訛，今改正。
On "nature and spirit alike were moved": the text originally read measure for moved; other editions are correct; emended.
99
其若馭朽「其」各本作「真」。
On "as if driving rotten wood": all editions read truly for as if.