1
陳書卷六
Book of Chen, Volume 6
2
本紀第六
Annals, Part Six
3
後主諱叔寶，字元秀，小字黃奴，高宗嫡長子也。 梁承聖二年十一月戊寅生于江陵。 明年，江陵陷，高宗遷關右，留後主于穰城。 天嘉三年，歸京師，立為安成王世子。 天康元年，授寧遠將軍，置佐史。 光大二年，為太子中庶子，尋遷侍中，餘如故。 太建元年正月甲午，立為皇太子。
The Last Emperor, whose personal name was tabooed as Shubao, who styled himself Yuanxiu and in youth was called Huangnu, was the legitimate eldest son of Emperor Xuan. He was born on wuyin day in the eleventh month of Liang's Chengsheng year 2 (553) at Jiangling. The next year Jiangling fell; Emperor Xuan was taken west to the Guan region, and the Last Emperor was left at Rang. In Tianjia year 3 (564) he returned to the capital and was made heir of the Prince of Ancheng. In the first year of Tiankang (566) he was made general of far pacification, with aides and clerks. In Guangda year 2 (567) he became junior mentor of the heir apparent, then palace attendant, other offices unchanged. On jiawu day in the first month of Taijian year 1 (569) he was made crown prince.
4
十四年正月甲寅，高宗崩。 乙卯，始興王叔陵作逆，伏誅。 丁巳，太子即皇帝位于太極前殿。 詔曰：「上天降禍，大行皇帝奄棄萬國，攀號擗踊，無所迨及。 朕以哀煢，嗣膺寶歷，若涉巨川，罔知攸濟，方賴群公，用匡寡薄。 思播遺德，覃被億兆，凡厥遐邇，咸與惟新。 可大赦天下。 在位文武及孝悌力田為父後者，並賜爵一級。 孤老鰥寡不能自存者，賜穀人五斛、帛二匹。」 癸亥，以侍中、翊前將軍、丹陽尹長沙王叔堅為驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司、揚州刺史，右衛將軍蕭摩訶為車騎將軍、南徐州刺史，[1]鎮西將軍、荊州刺史樊毅進號征西將軍，平南將軍、豫州刺史任忠進號鎮南將軍，[2]護軍將軍沈恪為特進、金紫光祿大夫，平西將軍魯廣達進號安西將軍，仁武將軍、豐州刺史章大寶為中護軍。 乙丑，尊皇后為皇太后，宮曰弘範。 景寅，以冠軍將軍晉熙王叔文為宣惠將軍、丹陽尹。 丁卯，立弟叔重為始興王，[3]奉昭烈王祀。 己巳，立妃沈氏為皇后。 辛未，立皇弟叔儼為尋陽王，皇弟叔慎為岳陽王，[4]皇弟叔達為義陽王，皇弟叔熊為巴山王，[5]皇弟叔虞為武昌王。 壬申，侍中、中權將軍、開府儀同三司鄱陽王伯山進號中權大將軍，軍師將軍、尚書左僕射晉安王伯恭進號翊前將軍、侍中，翊右將軍、中領軍廬陵王伯仁進號安前將軍，[6]鎮南將軍、江州刺史豫章王叔英進號征南將軍，平南將軍、湘州刺史建安王叔卿進號安南將軍。 以侍中、中書監、安右將軍徐陵為左光祿大夫，領太子少傅。 甲戌，設無㝵大會於太極前殿。
On jiayin day in the first month of year 14, Emperor Xuan died. On yimao day Prince Shuling of Shixing rebelled and was put to death. On dingsi day the crown prince ascended the throne in the hall before the Supreme Ultimate. An edict said: "Heaven has sent down calamity; the late emperor has suddenly left the realm. We wail and beat our breasts, unable to reach him. We, orphaned and alone, have taken the throne; it is like crossing a great river without knowing the ford—we must rely on you lords to steady Our weakness. We mean to spread his surviving virtue to the hundred millions; near and far alike shall share in renewal. A general amnesty is proclaimed throughout the realm. Civil and military officials in post, and the filial, the dutiful, strong farmers, and heirs, each receive one step of nobility. The solitary old, widowers, and widows who cannot support themselves receive five hu of grain and two bolts of silk each. On guihai day Shujian, Prince of Changsha, palace attendant, aide-before-the-throne general, and administrator of Danyang, was made general of agile cavalry with a mansion equal to the three dukes and inspector of Yangzhou; Xiao Mohe, right guard general, was made general of chariots and cavalry and inspector of South Xuzhou [1]; Fan Yi, garrison west general and inspector of Jingzhou, was promoted to general who campaigns west; Ren Zhong, pacify south general and inspector of Yuzhou, to general who garrisons south [2]; Shen Ke, protector general, to special grand master with the golden seal and purple ribbon; Lu Guangda, pacify west general, to general who pacifies west; Zhang Dabao, benevolent martial general and inspector of Fengzhou, to protector general. On yichou day the empress was honored as empress dowager, her palace named Broad Pattern. On gengyin day Shuwu, Prince of Jinxi, champion general, was made manifest grace general and administrator of Danyang. On dingmao day the younger brother Shuzhong was made Prince of Shixing [3] to tend Prince Zhao-lie's shrine. On jisi day Lady Shen was made empress. On xinwei day the imperial brother Shuyan was made Prince of Xunyang; Shushen Prince of Yueyang [4]; Shuda Prince of Yiyang; Shuxiong Prince of Bashan [5]; Shuyu Prince of Wuchang. On renshen day Boshan, Prince of Poyang, palace attendant, central authority general, and opener equal to the three dukes, was promoted to grand general of central authority; Bogong, Prince of Jin'an, military adviser general and left vice minister, to aide-before-the-throne general and palace attendant; Boren, Prince of Luling, aide-right general and central army commander, to general who secures the van [6]; Shuying, Prince of Yuzhang, garrison south general and Jiangzhou inspector, to general who campaigns south; Shuqing, Prince of Jian'an, pacify south general and Xiangzhou inspector, to general who pacifies south. Xu Ling, palace attendant, secretariat supervisor, and secure-the-right general, was made left grand master of the glory and junior tutor of the heir apparent. On jiaxu day a Boundless Assembly was held in the hall before the Supreme Ultimate.
5
三月辛亥，詔曰：「躬推為勸，義顯前經，力農見賞，事昭往誥。 斯乃國儲是資，民命攸屬，豐儉隆替，靡不由之。 夫入賦自古，輸藁惟舊，沃饒貴于十金，磽确至於三易，腴塉既異，盈縮不同。 詐偽日興，簿書歲改。 稻田使者，著自西京，不實峻刑，聞諸東漢。 老農懼於祇應，俗吏因以侮文。 輟耒成群，游手為伍，永言妨蠹，良可太息。 今陽和在節，膏澤潤下，宜展春耨，以望秋坻。 其有新辟塍畎，進墾蒿萊，廣袤勿得度量，征租悉皆停免。 私業久廢，咸許占作，公田荒縱，亦隨肆勤。 儻良守教耕，淳民載酒，有茲督課，議以賞擢。 外可為格班下，稱朕意焉。」 癸亥，詔曰：「夫體國經野，長世字氓，雖因革儻殊，弛張或異，至於旁求俊乂，爰逮側微，用適和羹，是隆大厦，上智中主，咸由此術。 朕以寡薄，嗣膺景祚，雖哀疚在躬，情慮惛舛，而宗社任重，黎庶務殷，無由自安拱默，敢忘康濟，思所以登顯髦彥，式備周行。 但空勞宵夢，屢勤史卜，五就莫來， （五） 〔八〕能不至。 [7]是用 （甲） 〔申〕旦凝慮，[8]景夜損懷。 [9]豈以食玉炊桂，無因自達？ 將懷寶迷邦，咸思獨善？ 應內外眾官九品已上，可各薦一人，以會彙征之旨。 且取備實難，舉長或易，小大之用，明言所施，勿得南箕北斗，名而非實。 其有負能仗氣，擯壓當時，著賓戲以自憐，草客嘲以慰志，人生一世，逢遇誠難，亦宜去此幽谷，翔茲天路，趨銅駝以觀國，望金馬而來庭，便當隨彼方圓，飭之矩矱。」 又詔曰：「昔睿后宰民，哲王御宇，雖德稱汪濊，明能普燭，猶復紆己乞言，降情訪道，高咨岳牧，下聽輿臺，故能政若神明，事無悔吝。 朕纂承丕緒，思隆大業，常懼九重已邃，四聰未廣，欲聽昌言，不疲痺足，若逢廷折，無憚批鱗。 而口柔之辭，儻聞於在位，腹誹之意，或隱於具僚，非所以弘理至公，緝熙帝載者也。 內外卿士文武眾司，若有智周政術，心練治體，救民俗之疾苦，辯禁網之疏密者，各進忠讜，無所隱諱。 朕將虛己聽受，擇善而行，庶深鑒物情，匡我王度。」 己巳，以侍中、尚書左僕射、新除翊前將軍晉安王伯恭為安南將軍、湘州刺史，新除翊左將軍、永陽王伯智為尚書僕射，中護軍章大寶為豐州刺史。
In the third month on xinhai day an edict said: "To take the plow as encouragement is plain in the classics; to reward strong farming was proclaimed in old edicts. These nourish the state's granaries and bind the people's lives; whether the year is rich or lean, none can do without them. Land tax is ancient and delivering straw is old; fertile fields are worth ten gold, stony ground three rotations—soil differs and levies differ. Fraud rises daily; registers change yearly. The paddy-field commissioner dates to Western Han; harsh penalties for false returns are known from Eastern Han. Old farmers dread the summons; petty clerks mock the documents. They leave the plow in bands and idle in companies—to speak of this harm to the silkworm season is cause for deep sighing. Now spring is in season and sweet rain moistens the land; spring harrowing should spread to await the autumn harvest. Whoever newly opens furrows or advances reclamation into wild land—however broad—shall pay no measure; levies and rents are all remitted. Private fields long abandoned may be claimed and worked; public fields left wild may be freely tilled. If a good magistrate teaches plowing and plain people bring wine, such oversight shall be rewarded and promoted. Let regulations be drawn up and promulgated without to declare Our intent." On guihai day an edict said: "To embody the state and order the wilds, to long govern the people—though institutions differ, all sage and middling rulers have sought the worthy, even the humble, to harmonize the stew and raise the great hall. We, slight in merit, have taken the bright throne; though mourning weighs on Us and thoughts tangle, the altars are heavy and the people's tasks many—we cannot sit in silent ease and dare forget to bring peace; We mean to raise outstanding men and fill every post. Yet in vain We toil at night-dreams and press historiographers and diviners; five visits do not come, (five) [eight] abilities do not arrive. [7] Therefore (jia) [shen] from dawn We fix Our thought [8], by day and night We lessen Our rest. [9] Is it because one must eat jade and burn cassia that there is no way to advance? Will all hide talent and lose their state, each seeking only private perfection? All officials within and without of the nine ranks and above may each recommend one man, to meet the purpose of gathering the eminent. To take the full is hard and to raise the long may be easy; for great and small posts, say clearly what is offered—do not be like the Southern or Northern Dipper, named but not real. Those who bear talent and pride, pressed down in their time, who write plays to pity themselves or jibes to comfort their will—life comes once and chance is rare; let them leave this ravine, soar on the heavenly road, hurry to the bronze camel to view the state, gaze on the golden horse and come to court, and be trimmed to the compass and rule." Another edict said: "Of old the wise queen governed the people and the philosopher-king held the realm; though virtue was vast and light shone everywhere, still they bent to beg words and lowered themselves to seek the Way, consulting mountain shepherds above and carriage men below—thus government was spirit-like and affairs without regret. We have inherited the great thread and mean to raise the great enterprise, ever fearing the inner court is deep and the four hearings not broad; We wish to hear flourishing words and not weary Our feet; if We meet court remonstrance, We do not fear torn scales. Yet soft words are perhaps heard in office, and belly-slander may hide among the full ranks—this is not how to extend utmost fairness and harmonize the imperial record. Ministers civil and military and all offices within and without—if any have wisdom in government and a heart trained in rule, who can ease the people's hardship or distinguish what is forbidden—let each advance loyal counsel without hiding. We will empty Ourselves to listen, choose the good and act, and deeply mirror the people's feeling to correct Our royal measure. On jisi day Bogong, Prince of Jin'an, palace attendant, left vice minister, and newly aide-before-the-throne general, was made general who pacifies south and Xiangzhou inspector; Bozhi, Prince of Yongyang, newly aide-left general, was made vice minister; Zhang Dabao, protector general, was made Fengzhou inspector.
6
夏四月景申，立皇子永康公胤為皇太子，賜天下為父後者爵一級，王公已下賚帛各有差。 庚子，詔曰：「朕臨御區宇，撫育黔黎，方欲康濟澆薄，蠲省繁費，奢僭乖衷，實宜防斷。 應鏤金銀薄及庶物化生土木人綵花之屬，及布帛幅尺短狹輕疏者，並傷財廢業，尤成蠹患。 又僧尼道士，挾邪左道，不依經律，民間淫祀祅書諸珍怪事，詳為條制，並皆禁絕。」 癸卯，詔曰：「中歲克定淮、泗，爰涉青、徐，彼土酋豪，並輸罄誠款，分遣親戚，以為質任。 今舊土淪陷，復成異域，南北阻遠，未得會同，念其分乖，殊有愛戀。 夷狄吾民，斯事一也，何獨譏禁，使彼離析？ 外可即檢任子館及東館並帶保任在外者，並賜衣糧，頒之酒食，遂其鄉路，所之阻遠，便發遣船仗衛送，必令安達。 若已預仕宦及別有事義不欲去者，亦隨其意。」
In the fourth month of summer on gengshen day Prince Yin of Yongkang was made crown prince; heirs throughout the realm received one step of nobility; kings, dukes, and below received silk by rank. On gengzi day an edict said: "We face the realm and nurture the people; We mean to bring peace to the thin age and cut waste; extravagance against the center should be stopped. Gilded gold and silver foil, clay-and-wood figures, painted flowers, and cloth of short width and light weave—all waste wealth and industry and breed plague. Monks and Taoist priests who embrace heterodox ways and ignore the canon, and among the people licentious rites, demon books, and strange marvels—let detailed rules forbid them all. On guimao day an edict said: "In mid-years We settled Huai and Si and crossed into Qing and Xu; the chieftains there sent full sincerity and kin as hostages. Now that land is lost and again another realm; north and south are blocked and cannot meet; thinking of their separation, We have special affection. Barbarian and Chinese are alike Our people; why alone forbid and part them? Let the Office of Hostage Sons and the Eastern Office and guarded hostages abroad receive clothing and grain, wine and food, and the homeward road; where the road is far, dispatch ships and guards so they arrive safe. If any have already entered office or for other duty do not wish to go, it is likewise as they wish."
7
六月癸酉朔，以明威將軍、通直散騎常侍孫瑒為中護軍。
On the first day of the sixth month, guiyou, Sun Yan, bright prestige general and regular attendant of the direct communication bureau, was made protector general.
8
秋七月辛未，大赦天下。 是月，江水色赤如血，自京師至于荊州。
In the seventh month of autumn on xinwei day a great amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. That month the river ran red as blood from the capital to Jingzhou.
9
八月癸未夜，天有聲如風水相撀。 乙酉夜亦如之。 景戌，以使持節、都督緣江諸軍事、安西將軍魯廣達為安左將軍。
On the night of guiwei in the eighth month heaven sounded like wind and water striking together. On the night of yiyou it was again so. On gengxu day Lu Guangda, credential bearer, area commander along the river, and pacify west general, was made secure-the-left general.
10
九月景午，設無㝵大會於太極殿，捨身及乘輿御服，大赦天下。 辛亥夜，天東北有聲如蟲飛，漸移西北。 乙卯，太白晝見。 景寅，以驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司、揚州刺史長沙王叔堅為司空，征南將軍、江州刺史豫章王叔英即本號開府儀同三司。
In the ninth month on wuwu day a Boundless Assembly was held in the Hall of the Supreme Ultimate; the emperor renounced his body and imperial robes; a great amnesty was proclaimed. On the night of xinhai heaven in the northeast sounded like insects flying, gradually moving northwest. On yimao day the Great White was seen in daylight. On gengyin day Shujian, Prince of Changsha, general of agile cavalry, opener equal to the three dukes, and Yangzhou inspector, was made minister of works; Shuying, Prince of Yuzhang, general who campaigns south and Jiangzhou inspector, received his former title and a mansion equal to the three dukes.
11
至德元年春正月壬寅，詔曰：「朕以寡薄，嗣守鴻基，哀惸切慮，疹恙纏織，訓俗少方，臨下靡筭，懼甚踐冰，慄同馭朽。 而四氣易流，三光遄至，纓紱列陛，玉帛充庭，具物匪新，節序疑舊，緬思前德，永慕昔辰，對軒闥而哽心，顧扆筵而慓氣。 思所以仰遵遺構，俯勵薄躬，陶鑄九流，休息百姓，用弘寬簡，取協陽和。 可大赦天下，改太建十五年為至德元年。」 以征南將軍、江州刺史、新除開府儀同三司豫章王叔英為中衛大將軍，驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司、揚州刺史長沙王叔堅為江州刺史，征東將軍、開府儀同三司、東揚州刺史司馬消難進號車騎將軍，宣惠將軍、丹陽尹晉熙王叔文為揚州刺史，鎮南將軍、南豫州刺史任忠為領軍將軍，安左將軍魯廣達為平南將軍、南豫州刺史，祠部尚書江總為吏部尚書。 癸卯，立皇子深為始安王。
In the first month of spring of Zhide year 1 on renyin day an edict said: "We, slight in merit, guard the great foundation; orphaned and trembling, illness winds about Us; We have little method in custom and no reckoning below; Our dread is treading ice, Our fear driving rotten wood. Yet the four seasons flow and the three luminaries come; tassels line the steps and jade fills the court; things are not new yet seasons seem old; gazing on former virtue We think of past hours; facing the hall Our heart chokes, at the throne mat Our breath falters. We mean to follow the surviving design, encourage Our slight person, mold the nine streams, rest the hundred surnames, and use broad simplicity to harmonize with spring. A great amnesty is proclaimed; Taijian year 15 is renamed Zhide year 1. Shuying, Prince of Yuzhang, general who campaigns south, Jiangzhou inspector, and newly opener equal to the three dukes, was made grand general of the central guard; Shujian, Prince of Changsha, general of agile cavalry, opener equal to the three dukes, and Yangzhou inspector, was made Jiangzhou inspector; Sima Xiaonan, general who campaigns east, opener equal to the three dukes, and East Yangzhou inspector, was promoted to general of chariots and cavalry; Shuwu, Prince of Jinxi, manifest grace general and Danyang administrator, was made Yangzhou inspector; Ren Zhong, general who garrisons south and South Yuzhou inspector, was made central army commander; Lu Guangda, secure-the-left general, was made pacify south general and South Yuzhou inspector; Jiang Zong, minister of rites, was made minister of personnel. On guimao day Prince Shen was made Prince of Shian.
12
二月丁丑，以始興王叔重為揚州刺史。
In the second month on dingchou day Shuzhong, Prince of Shixing, was made Yangzhou inspector.
13
夏四月戊辰，交州刺史李幼榮獻馴象。 己丑，以前輕車將軍、揚州刺史晉熙王叔文為江州刺史。
In the fourth month of summer on wuchen day Li Yourong, inspector of Jiaozhou, presented tame elephants. On jichou day Shuwu, Prince of Jinxi, former light chariots general and Yangzhou inspector, was made Jiangzhou inspector.
14
秋八月丁卯，以驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司長沙王叔堅為司空。
In the eighth month of autumn on dingmao day Shujian, Prince of Changsha, general of agile cavalry and opener equal to the three dukes, was made minister of works.
15
九月丁巳，天東南有聲如蟲飛。
In the ninth month on dingsi day heaven in the southeast sounded like insects flying.
16
冬十月丁酉，立皇弟叔平為湘東王，叔敖為臨賀王，叔宣為陽山王，叔穆為西陽王。 戊戌，侍中、安右將軍、左光祿大夫、太子少傅徐陵卒。 癸丑，立皇弟叔儉為南安王，叔澄為南郡王，叔興為沅陵王，叔韶為岳山王，叔純為新興王。
In the tenth month of winter on dingyou day the imperial brother Shuping was made Prince of Xiangdong; Shua Prince of Linhe; Shuxuan Prince of Yangshan; Shumu Prince of Xiyang. On wuxu day Xu Ling, palace attendant, secure-the-right general, left grand master of the glory, and junior tutor of the heir apparent, died. On guichou day the imperial brother Shujian was made Prince of Nan'an; Shucheng Prince of Nan; Shuxing Prince of Yuanling; Shaos Prince of Yueshan; Shuchun Prince of Xinxing.
17
十二月景辰，頭和國遣使獻方物。 司空長沙王叔堅有罪免。 戊午夜，天開自西北至東南，其內有青黃色，隆隆若雷聲。
In the twelfth month on gengchen day Touhe sent envoys with tribute. Shujian, Prince of Changsha, minister of works, was dismissed for crime. On the night of wuwu heaven opened from northwest to southeast; within were blue and yellow, rumbling like thunder.
18
二年春正月丁卯，分遣大使巡省風俗。 平南將軍、豫州刺史魯廣達進號安南將軍。 [10]癸巳，大赦天下。
In the first month of spring of year 2 on dingmao day great envoys were sent to tour and inspect local customs. Lu Guangda, pacify south general and Yuzhou inspector, was promoted to general who pacifies south. [10] On guisi day a great amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm.
19
夏五月戊子，以尚書僕射永陽王伯智為平東將軍、東揚州刺史，輕車將軍、江州刺史晉熙王叔文為信威將軍、湘州刺史，仁威將軍、揚州刺史始興王叔重為江州刺史，信武將軍、南琅邪彭城二郡太守南平王嶷為揚州刺史，吏部尚書江總為尚書僕射。
In the fifth month of summer on wuzi day Bozhi, Prince of Yongyang, vice minister, was made pacify east general and East Yangzhou inspector; Shuwu, Prince of Jinxi, light chariots general and Jiangzhou inspector, was made trustworthy might general and Xiangzhou inspector; Shuzhong, Prince of Shixing, benevolent might general and Yangzhou inspector, was made Jiangzhou inspector; Yan, Prince of Nanping, trustworthy martial general and administrator of Nan Langye and Pengcheng, was made Yangzhou inspector; Jiang Zong, minister of personnel, was made vice minister.
20
秋七月戊辰，以長沙王叔堅為侍中、鎮左將軍。 壬午，太子加元服，在位文武賜帛各有差，孝悌力田為父後者各賜一級，鰥寡癃老不能自存者人穀五斛。
In the seventh month of autumn on wuchen day Shujian, Prince of Changsha, was made palace attendant and garrison-the-left general. On renyang day the crown prince received capping; civil and military in post received silk by rank; the filial, dutiful, strong farmers, and heirs each one step; widowers, widows, and the aged who cannot support themselves received five hu of grain each.
21
九月癸未，太白晝見。
In the ninth month on guiwei day the Great White was seen in daylight.
22
冬十月己酉，詔曰：「耕鑿自足，乃曰淳風，貢賦之興，其來尚矣。 蓋由庚極務，不獲已而行焉。 但法令滋章，姦盜多有，俗尚澆詐，政鮮惟良。 朕日旰夜分，矜一物之失所，泣辜罪己，愧三千之未措。 望訂初下，使彊蔭兼出，如聞貧富均起，單弱重弊，斯豈振窮扇暍之意歟？ 是乃下吏箕斂之苛也。 故云『百姓不足，君孰與足』。 自太建十四年望訂租調逋未入者，並悉原除。 在事百僚，辯斷庶務，必去取平允，無得便公害民，為己聲績，妨紊政道。」
In the tenth month of winter on jiyou day an edict said: "Plow and chisel suffice—that is pure custom; tribute and tax are of long standing. It is because the year's pole is busy and action is unavoidable. Yet laws multiply; theft is rife; custom esteems fraud; government rarely finds the good. We toil from sun to deep night, pitying the loss of a single thing; We weep over guilt and blame Ourselves, ashamed that three thousand have not been set right. The wang-ding tax was just promulgated, making strong and shade levy together; We hear rich and poor alike are taxed and the weak doubly harmed—is this how to revive the exhausted? This is the harshness of petty clerks' rake and gather. Thus it is said, 'If the people are not sufficient, with whom is the ruler sufficient?' From Taijian year 14, wang-ding rent and tax not yet paid in, all are pardoned and remitted. Officials in charge must judge affairs fairly, not use convenience to harm the people, make reputation for themselves, or obstruct government."
23
十一月景寅，大赦天下。 壬申，盤盤國遣使獻方物。 戊寅，百濟國遣使獻方物。
In the eleventh month on gengyin day a great amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. On renshen day Panpan sent envoys with tribute. On wuyin day Baekje sent envoys with tribute.
24
三年春正月戊午朔，日有蝕之。 庚午，以鎮左將軍長沙王叔堅即本號開府儀同三司，征西將軍、荊州刺史樊毅為護軍將軍，守吏部尚書、領著作陸瓊為吏部尚書，金紫光祿大夫袁敬加特進。
On the first day of the first month of spring of year 3, wuwu, there was a solar eclipse. On gengwu day Shujian, Prince of Changsha, garrison-the-left general, received his former title and a mansion equal to the three dukes; Fan Yi, general who campaigns west and Jingzhou inspector, was made protector general; Lu Qiong, acting minister of the left household and recorder, was made minister of personnel; Yuan Jing, grand master for the imperial insignia with golden seal and purple ribbon, received special advancement.
25
三月辛酉，前豐州刺史章大寶舉兵反。
In the third month on xinyou day Zhang Dabao, former inspector of Fengzhou, raised troops in rebellion.
26
夏四月庚戌，豐州義軍主陳景詳斬大寶，傳首京師。
In the fourth month of summer on gengxu day Chen Jingxiang, righteous army leader of Fengzhou, beheaded Dabao and sent the head to the capital.
27
秋八月戊子夜，老人星見。 己酉，以左民尚書謝 （伸） 〔伷〕為吏部尚書。 [11]
On the night of wuzi in the eighth month of autumn the Old Man star appeared. On jiyou day Xie of the left household ministry (Shen) You was made minister of personnel. See editorial note 11.
28
九月甲戌，特進、金紫光祿大夫袁敬卒。
In the ninth month on jiaxu day Yuan Jing, special grand master with golden seal and purple ribbon, died.
29
冬十月己丑，丹丹國遣使獻方物。
In the tenth month of winter on jichou day Dandan sent envoys with tribute.
30
十一月己未，詔曰：「宣尼誕膺上哲，體資至聖，祖述憲章之典，並天地而合德，樂正雅頌之奧，與日月而偕明，垂後昆之訓範，開生民之耳目。 梁季湮微，靈寢忘處，鞠為茂草，三十餘年，敬仰如在，永惟愾息。 今雅道雍熙，由庚得所，斷琴故履，零落不追，閱笥開書，無因循復。 外可詳之禮典，改築舊廟，蕙房桂棟，咸使惟新，芳蘩潔潦，以時饗奠。」 辛巳，輿駕幸長干寺，大赦天下。
In the eleventh month on jiwei day an edict said: "Confucius was born with supreme wisdom, his substance utmost sage; he followed and transmitted statutes and models, joining Heaven and Earth in virtue; he harmonized the Ya and Song, sharing brightness with sun and moon; he handed down instruction for later generations and opened the ears and eyes of the living. The Liang age declined; the spirit shrine was forgotten; rank grass grew for more than thirty years; looking up as if present, We ever grieve and sigh. Now the elegant Way flourishes; the year's pole has its place; the broken zither's old shoes, fallen and scattered, are not pursued; opening casket and books, there is no way to restore. Let the ritual canon be examined; the old temple rebuilt; orchid rooms and cassia beams made anew; fragrant offerings sacrificed in season. On xinsi day the emperor visited Changgan Temple; a great amnesty was proclaimed.
31
十二月丙戌，太白晝見。 辛卯，皇太子出太學，講孝經，戊戌，講畢。 辛丑，釋奠于先師，禮畢，設金石之樂，會宴王公卿士。 癸卯，高麗國遣使獻方物。
In the twelfth month on bingxu day the Great White was seen in daylight. On xinmao day the crown prince left the Imperial Academy and lectured on the Classic of Filial Piety; on wuxu the lecture ended. On xinchou day sacrifice was offered to the former teacher; when the rites ended, stone and metal music was set and kings, dukes, ministers, and gentlemen feasted. On guimao day Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute.
32
是歲，蕭巋死，子琮代立。
That year Xiao Kui died; his son Zong succeeded.
33
四年春正月甲寅，詔曰：「堯施諫鼓，禹拜昌言，求之異等，久著前𣑨，[12]舉以淹滯，復聞昔典，斯乃治道之深規，帝王之切務。 朕以寡昧，丕承鴻緒，未明虛己，日旰興懷，萬機多紊，四聰弗 （遠） 〔達〕，[13]思聞蹇諤，採其謀計。 王公已下，各薦所知，旁詢管庫，爰及輿皁，一介有能，片言可用，朕親加聽覽，佇於啟沃。」 中權大將軍、開府儀同三司鄱陽王伯山進號鎮衛將軍，中衛大將軍、開府儀同三司豫章王叔英進號驃騎大將軍，[14]鎮左將軍、開府儀同三司長沙王叔堅進號中軍大將軍，安南將軍晉安王伯恭進號鎮右將軍，翊右將軍宜都王叔明進號安右將軍。
In the first month of spring of year 4 on jiayin day an edict said: "Yao set up the remonstrance drum and Yu bowed to flourishing words; seeking them in different ranks is long in former annals [12]; raising the submerged is again in past canon—this is the deep rule of government and the urgent task of kings. We, dim and young, inherit the great thread; not yet enlightened to empty Ourselves, from sun to night Our breast rises; the myriad tasks tangle; the four hearings are not (far) reached [13]; We mean to hear blunt remonstrance and gather plans. Kings, dukes, and below—each recommend whom he knows; inquire of storehouses down to carriage men; if one man has ability or one phrase is usable, We will listen and wait to be moistened. Boshan, Prince of Poyang, grand general of central authority and opener equal to the three dukes, was promoted to general who garrisons the guard; Shuying, Prince of Yuzhang, grand general of the central guard and opener equal to the three dukes, to general of agile cavalry [14]; Shujian, Prince of Changsha, garrison-the-left general and opener equal to the three dukes, to grand general of the central army; Bogong, Prince of Jin'an, general who pacifies south, to general who garrisons the right; Shuming, Prince of Yidu, aide-right general, to secure-the-right general.
34
二月景戌，以鎮右將軍晉安王伯恭為特進。 景申，立皇弟叔謨為巴東王，叔顯為臨江王，叔坦為新會王，叔隆為新寧王。
In the second month on gengxu day Bogong, Prince of Jin'an, general who garrisons the right, was made special grand master. On gengshen day the imperial brother Shumo was made Prince of Badong; Shuxian Prince of Linjiang; Shutan Prince of Xinhui; Shulong Prince of Xinning.
35
夏五月丁巳，立皇子莊為會稽王。
In the fifth month of summer on dingsi day Prince Zhuang was made Prince of Kuaiji.
36
秋九月甲午，輿駕幸玄武湖，肆艫艦閱武，[15]宴群臣賦詩。 戊戌，以鎮衛將軍、開府儀同三司鄱陽王伯山為東揚州刺史，智武將軍岳陽王叔慎為丹陽尹。 丁未，百濟國遣使獻方物。
In the ninth month of autumn on jiawu day the emperor visited Black Tortoise Lake, unmoored tower ships and reviewed arms [15], feasted ministers and composed poems. On wuxu day Boshan, Prince of Poyang, general who garrisons the guard and opener equal to the three dukes, was made East Yangzhou inspector; Shushen, Prince of Yueyang, sagacious martial general, was made Danyang administrator. On dingwei day Baekje sent envoys with tribute.
37
冬十月癸亥，尚書僕射江總為尚書令，吏部尚書謝伷為尚書僕射。
In the tenth month of winter on guihai day Jiang Zong, vice minister, was made director of the Masters of Writing; Xie You, minister of personnel, was made vice minister.
38
十一月己卯，詔曰：「惟刑止暴，惟德成物，三才是資，百王不改。 而世無抵角，時鮮犯鱗，渭橋驚馬，弗聞廷爭，桃林逸牛，未見其旨。 雖剽悍輕侮，理從鉗釱，憃愚杜默，宜肆矜弘，政乏良哉，明慚則哲，求諸刑措，安可得乎？ 是用屬寤寐以軫懷，負黼扆而於邑。 復茲合璧輪缺，連珠緯舛，黃鍾獻呂，和氣始萌，玄英告中，履長在御，因時宥過，抑乃斯得。 可大赦天下。」
In the eleventh month on jimao day an edict said: "Only punishment stops violence; only virtue completes things—the three talents are the resource; the hundred kings do not change. Yet the age has no horn-locking; times rarely see scale-tearing; at Wei Bridge the startled horse is not heard in court contention; at Peach Grove the escaped ox is not seen in its intent. Though fierce and insulting, reason follows fetters; though stupid and mute, pity should be shown—government lacks the good and brightness is ashamed before the wise; seeking rest from punishment—how can it be obtained? Therefore We turn sleepless in Our breast and bear the throne mat in sorrow. Again the joined jade has a gap and the pearls' warp is awry; the yellow bell offers the lü and harmony begins to sprout; dark glory announces the center and long treading is in hand—according to the season pardon faults; this is what is obtained. A great amnesty is proclaimed throughout the realm."
39
禎明元年春正月景子，以安前將軍衡陽王伯信進號鎮前將軍，安東將軍、吳興太守廬陵王伯仁為特進，[16]智武將軍、丹陽尹岳陽王叔慎為湘州刺史，仁武將軍義陽王叔達為丹陽尹。 戊寅，詔曰：「柏皇、大庭，鼓淳和於曩日，姬王、嬴后，被澆風於末載，刑書已鑄，善化匪融，禮義既乖，姦宄斯作。 何其淳朴不反，浮華競扇者歟？ 朕居中御物，納隍在睠，頻恢天網，屢絕三邊，元元黔庶，終罹五辟。 蓋乃康哉寡薄，抑焉法令滋章。 是用當宁弗怡，矜此向隅之意。 今三元具序，萬國朝辰，靈芝獻於始陽，膏露凝於聿歲，從春施令，仰乾布德，思與九有，惟新七政。 可大赦天下，改至德五年為禎明元年。」 乙未，地震。 癸卯，以鎮前將軍衡陽王伯信為鎮南將軍、西衡州刺史。
In the first month of spring of Zhenming year 1 on gengzi day Boxin, Prince of Hengyang, general who secures the van, was promoted to general who garrisons the van; Boren, Prince of Luling, general who pacifies east and Wuxing administrator, was made special grand master [16]; Shushen, Prince of Yueyang, sagacious martial general and Danyang administrator, was made Xiangzhou inspector; Shuda, Prince of Yiyang, benevolent martial general, was made Danyang administrator. On wuyin day an edict said: "Bolhuang and Great Court beat pure harmony in days of old; the Ji king and Ying queen spread thin custom in the last age; when penal writing was cast, good transformation did not blend; when ritual and righteousness were awry, treachery arose. How is it that pure simplicity does not return and floating show competes in fanning? We occupy the center and receive things; the moat is in Our gaze; repeatedly We have restored Heaven's net and cut the three borders—yet the people ultimately suffer the five punishments. It is because Our merit is slight and laws and orders grow daily. Therefore facing the throne We are not pleased; We pity this cornered mood. Now the three origins are in order and the myriad states attend court; spirit fungus was presented at Shiyang and sweet dew congealed this year—from spring issue orders, looking up to Heaven spread virtue, thinking with the nine realms to renew the seven policies. A great amnesty is proclaimed; Zhide year 5 is renamed Zhenming year 1. On yiwei day there was an earthquake. On guimao day Boxin, Prince of Hengyang, general who garrisons the van, was made general who garrisons south and West Hengzhou inspector.
40
秋八月癸卯，老人星見。 丁未，以車騎將軍蕭摩訶為驃騎將軍。 [17]
In the eighth month of autumn on guimao day the Old Man star appeared. On dingwei day Xiao Mohe, general of chariots and cavalry, was made general of agile cavalry. See editorial note 17.
41
九月乙亥，以驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司豫章王叔英為驃騎大將軍。 庚寅，蕭琮所署尚書令、太傅安平王蕭巖，[18]中軍將軍、荊州刺史義興王蕭瓛，[19]遣其都官尚書沈君公，詣荊州刺史陳紀請降。 [20]辛卯，巖等率文武男女十萬餘口濟江。 甲午，大赦天下。
In the ninth month on yihai day Shuying, Prince of Yuzhang, general of agile cavalry and opener equal to the three dukes, was made grand general of agile cavalry. On gengyin day Yan, Prince of Ping'an, whom Xiao Zong had appointed director and grand tutor [18], and Xuan, Prince of Yixing, central army general and Jingzhou inspector [19], sent their director of the Masters of Writing Shen Jungong to Chen Ji, inspector of Jingzhou, to request surrender. [20] On xinmao day Yan and the rest led civil and military, men and women, more than a hundred thousand to cross the river. On jiawu day a great amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm.
42
冬十一月乙亥，割揚州吳郡置吳州，割錢塘縣為郡，屬焉。 景子，以蕭巖為平東將軍、開府儀同三司、東揚州刺史，蕭瓛為安東將軍、吳州刺史。 丁亥，以驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司豫章王叔英兼司徒。
In the eleventh month of winter on yihai day Yangzhou's Wu commandery was split to establish Wu prefecture; Qiantang county was made a commandery and attached. On gengzi day Yan was made pacify east general, opener equal to the three dukes, and East Yangzhou inspector; Xuan was made pacify east general and Wu prefecture inspector. On dinghai day Shuying, Prince of Yuzhang, grand general of agile cavalry and opener equal to the three dukes, was concurrently made minister of education.
43
十二月景辰，以前鎮衛將軍、開府儀同三司、東揚州刺史鄱陽王伯山為鎮衛大將軍、開府儀同三司，[21]前中衛將軍晉安王伯恭為中衛將軍、右光祿大夫。
In the twelfth month on gengchen day Boshan, Prince of Poyang, former general who garrisons the guard, opener equal to the three dukes, and East Yangzhou inspector, was made grand general who garrisons the guard with a mansion equal to the three dukes [21]; Bogong, Prince of Jin'an, former grand general of the central guard, was made grand general of the central guard and right grand master of the glory.
44
二年春正月辛巳，立皇子恮為東陽王，恬為錢塘王。 是月，遣散騎常侍周羅睺帥兵屯峽口。
In the first month of spring of year 2 on xinsi day Prince Quan was made Prince of Dongyang; Tian Prince of Qiantang. That month Zhou Luohou, scattered-cavalry regular attendant, led troops to garrison Xiakou.
45
夏四月戊申，有群鼠無數，自〔蔡〕洲岸入石頭渡淮，[22]至于青塘兩岸，數日死，隨流出江。 戊午，以左民尚書蔡徵為吏部尚書。 是月，郢州南浦水黑如墨。
In the fourth month of summer on wushen day countless rats from Cai Isle's shore entered Shitou, crossed the Huai ford [22], reaching both banks of Qingtang; after several days they died and flowed out into the river. On wuwu day Cai Zheng of the left household ministry was made minister of personnel. That month the Nanpu water of Yingzhou was black as ink.
46
五月壬午，以安前將軍廬陵王伯仁為特進。 甲午，東冶鑄鐵，有物赤色如數斗，[23]自天墜鎔所，有聲隆隆如雷，鐵飛出牆外燒民家。
In the fifth month on renyang day Boren, Prince of Luling, general who secures the van, was made special grand master. On jiawu day in the eastern foundry iron was cast; a thing red as several dou [23] fell from heaven into the smelter, rumbling like thunder; iron flew outside the wall and burned houses.
47
六月戊戌，扶南國遣使獻方物。 庚子，廢皇太子胤為吳興王，立軍師將軍、揚州刺史始安王深為皇太子。 辛丑，平南將軍、江州刺史南平王嶷進號鎮南將軍； 忠武將軍、南徐州刺史永嘉王彥進號安北將軍； 會稽王莊為翊前將軍、揚州刺史； 宣惠將軍、尚書令江總進號中權將軍； 雲麾將軍、太子詹事袁憲為尚書僕射； 尚書僕射謝伷為特進； 寧遠將軍、新除吏部尚書蔡徵進號安右將軍。 甲辰，以安右將軍魯廣達為中領軍。 [24]丁巳，大風至自西北激濤水入石頭城，淮渚暴溢，漂沒舟乘。
In the sixth month on wuxu day Funan sent envoys with tribute. On gengzi day Crown Prince Yin was deposed as Prince of Wuxing; Shen, Prince of Shian, military adviser general and Yangzhou inspector, was made crown prince. On xinchou day Yan, Prince of Nanping, pacify south general and Jiangzhou inspector, was promoted to general who garrisons south; Yan, Prince of Yongjia, loyal martial general and South Xuzhou inspector, was promoted to general who secures the north; Zhuang, Prince of Kuaiji, was made aide-before-the-throne general and Yangzhou inspector; Jiang Zong, manifest grace general and director of the Masters of Writing, was promoted to central authority general; Yuan Xian, cloud banner general and junior tutor of the heir apparent, was made vice minister; Xie You, vice minister, was made special grand master; Cai Zheng, general of far pacification and newly minister of personnel, was promoted to secure-the-right general. On jiachen day Lu Guangda, secure-the-right general, was made central army commander. See editorial note 24. On dingsi day a great wind came from the northwest and drove surging water into Shitou; the Huai's islets overflowed and boats were drowned.
48
冬十月己亥，立皇子蕃為吳郡王。 辛丑，以度支尚書、領大著作姚察為吏部尚書。 己酉，輿駕幸莫府山，大校獵。
In the tenth month of winter on jihai day Prince Fan was made Prince of Wu commandery. On xinchou day Yao Cha, minister of revenue and recorder of the Masters of Writing, was made minister of personnel. On jiyou day the emperor visited Mofu Mountain and held a great hunt.
49
十一月丁卯，詔曰：「夫議獄緩刑，皇王之所垂範，勝殘去殺，仁人之所用心。 自畫冠既息，刻吏斯起，法令滋章，手足無措。 朕君臨區宇，屬當澆末，輕重之典，在政未康，小大之情，興言多愧。 眷茲狴犴，有軫哀矜，可克日於大政殿訊獄。」 壬申，以鎮南將軍、江州刺史南平王嶷為征西將軍、郢州刺史，安北將軍、南徐州刺史永嘉王彥為安南將軍、江州刺史，軍師將軍南海王虔為安北將軍、南徐州刺史。 [25]景子，立皇弟叔榮為新昌王，叔匡為太原王。 是月，隋遣晉王廣眾軍來伐，自巴、蜀、沔、漢下流至廣陵，數十道俱入，緣江鎮戍，相繼奏聞。 時新除湘州刺史施文慶、中書舍人沈客卿掌機密用事，並抑而不言，故無備禦。
On dingmao day an edict said: "To deliberate on punishments and slow executions is what emperors and kings hand down as model; to overcome cruelty and remove killing is what humane men apply their hearts. Since the painted cap ceased, the carving clerk arose; laws grow daily and hands and feet have nowhere to place. We face the realm in a thin age; the canon of light and heavy is not yet at peace; in small and great feeling We speak with much shame. Looking on these prisons, Our breast is moved to pity; on a set day trials may be held in the Great Governance Hall. On renshen day Yan, Prince of Nanping, general who garrisons south and Jiangzhou inspector, was made general who campaigns west and Yingzhou inspector; Yan, Prince of Yongjia, general who secures the north and South Xuzhou inspector, was made general who pacifies south and Jiangzhou inspector; Qian, Prince of Nanhai, military adviser general, was made general who secures the north and South Xuzhou inspector. On jingzi day [25] the emperor's younger brother Shurong was made prince of Xinchang and Shukuang prince of Taiyuan. That month Sui sent the Prince of Jin, Guang, at the head of many armies to attack; from Ba, Shu, the Mian, and the Han they descended to Guangling along several dozen routes at once, and river garrisons reported one after another. At that time the newly appointed Xiangzhou inspector Shi Wenqing and secretariat attendant Shen Keqing held confidential power; both suppressed the reports and said nothing, so the court was unprepared.
50
三年春正月乙丑朔，霧氣四塞。 是日，隋總管賀若弼自北道廣陵濟京口，總管韓擒虎趨橫江，[26]濟採石，自南道將會弼軍。 景寅，採石戍主徐子建馳啟告變。 丁卯，召公卿入議軍旅。 戊辰，內外戒嚴，以驃騎將軍蕭摩訶、[27]護軍將軍樊毅、中領軍魯廣達並為都督，遣南豫州刺史樊猛帥舟師出白下，散騎常侍皋文奏將兵鎮南豫州。 庚午，賀若弼攻陷南徐州。 辛未，韓擒虎又陷南豫州，文奏敗還。 至是隋軍南北道並進。 後主遣驃騎大將軍、司徒豫章王叔英屯朝 （室） 〔堂〕，[28]蕭摩訶屯樂遊苑，樊毅屯耆闍寺，魯廣達屯白土岡，忠武將軍孔範屯寶田寺。 己卯，鎮東大將軍任忠自吳興入赴，仍屯朱雀門。 辛巳，賀若弼進據鍾山，頓白土岡之東南。 甲申，後主遣眾軍與弼合戰，眾軍敗績。 弼乘勝至樂遊苑，魯廣達猶督散兵力戰，不能拒。 弼進攻宮城，燒北掖門。 是時韓擒虎率眾自新林至于石子岡，任忠出降於擒虎，仍引擒虎經朱雀航趣宮城，自南掖門而入。 於是城內文武百司皆遁出，唯尚書僕射袁憲在殿內。 尚書令江總、吏部尚書姚察、度支尚書袁權、前度支尚書王瑗、侍中王寬居省中。 後主聞兵至，從宮人十餘出後堂景陽殿，將自投于井，袁憲侍側，苦諫不從，後閤舍人夏侯公韻又以身蔽井，後主與爭久之，方得入焉。 及夜，為隋軍所執。 景戌，晉王廣入據京城。
In the first month of spring of year 3, on yichou the new moon, mist closed in on every side. That day Sui inspector-general He Ruo Bi from the northern route crossed from Guangling to Jingkou; inspector-general Han Qin Hu pressed toward Hengjiang, [26] crossed Caishi, and from the south was to join Bi's army. On yinyin day Caishi garrison commander Xu Zijian galloped in with urgent news. On dingmao day the emperor summoned the high ministers to discuss military affairs. On wuchen day inner and outer defenses were ordered; cavalry general Xiao Mohe, [27] protector of the army Fan Yi, and central army commander Lu Guangda were all made commanders; Southern Yuzhou inspector Fan Meng led the fleet out from Baixia; regular attendant Gao Wenzou was to lead troops and garrison Southern Yuzhou. On gengwu day He Ruo Bi stormed and took Southern Xuzhou. On xinwei day Han Qin Hu again took Southern Yuzhou; Wenzou was defeated and returned. By then the Sui armies on north and south routes were advancing together. Houzhu sent cavalry grand general and minister of works Shuying, Prince of Yuzhang, to garrison Chao (shi) [tang], [28] Xiao Mohe garrisoned the Pleasure Gardens, Fan Yi the Jataka Temple, Lu Guangda White Earth Mound, and loyal-and-martial general Kong Fan the Baotian Temple. On jimao day pacify-the-east grand general Ren Zhong came in from Wuxing and still garrisoned the Vermilion Bird Gate. On xinsi day He Ruo Bi advanced and held Bell Mountain, encamped southeast of White Earth Mound. On jiashen day Houzhu sent the mass of armies to join battle with Bi; the armies were routed. Bi pressed the victory to the Pleasure Gardens; Lu Guangda still directed scattered troops in fierce fighting but could not resist. Bi attacked the palace city and burned the North Side Gate. At that time Han Qin Hu led his host from Xinlin to Shizi Mound; Ren Zhong went out and surrendered to Qin Hu, then led Qin Hu by the Vermilion Bird crossing toward the palace city and entered by the South Side Gate. Then the civil and military hundred offices within the city all fled; only vice director of the masters of writing Yuan Xian remained in the hall. Director of the masters of writing Jiang Zong, minister of personnel Yao Cha, minister of revenue Yuan Quan, former minister of revenue Wang Yuan, and palace attendant Wang Kuan stayed in the secretariat. When Houzhu heard the army had come, he went out from the rear-hall Jingyang Pavilion with a dozen palace women and was about to throw himself into a well; Yuan Xian at his side bitterly remonstrated but he would not listen; rear-gate attendant Xiahou Gongyun again covered the well with his body; Houzhu struggled with him a long time before he could enter. By night he was seized by the Sui army. On jingxu day the Prince of Jin, Guang, entered and held the capital.
51
三月己巳，後主與王公百司發自建鄴，入于長安。 隋仁壽四年十一月壬子，薨於洛陽，時年五十二。 追贈大將軍，封長城縣公，謚曰煬，葬河南洛陽之芒山。
On jisi day of the third month Houzhu with the kings, dukes, and hundred offices set out from Jiankang and entered Chang'an. In the eleventh month of Sui Renshou year 4, on renzi day, he died at Luoyang, aged fifty-two. Posthumously he was given grand general and enfeoffed as duke of Chief Wall county; his posthumous title was Yang; he was buried on Mang Mountain at Luoyang in Henan.
52
史臣侍中鄭國公魏徵曰：
The historian, palace attendant and Duke of Zheng Wei Zheng, said:
53
高祖拔起壟畝，有雄桀之姿。 始佐下藩，奮英奇之略，弭節南海，職思靜亂。 援旗北邁，義在勤王，掃侯景於既成，拯梁室於已墜。 天網絕而復續，國步屯而更康，百神有主，不失舊物。 魏王之延漢鼎祚，宋武之反晉乘輿，懋績鴻勳，無以尚也。 于時內難未弭，外鄰勍敵，王琳作梗於上流，周、齊搖蕩於江、漢，畏首畏尾，若存若亡，此之不圖，遽移天歷，雖皇靈有睠，何其速也？ 然志度弘遠，懷抱豁如，或取士於仇讎，或擢才於亡命，掩其受金之過，宥其吠堯之罪，委以心腹爪牙，咸能得其死力，故乃決機百勝，成此三分，方諸鼎峙之雄，足以無慚權、備矣。
The High Ancestor rose from the furrow with heroic mettle. At first he aided a lower fief and deployed singular strategy; he held his staff in the southern sea charged to still disorder. He raised his banner northward in righteousness to aid the throne, swept Hou Jing when already formed, and rescued the Liang house when already fallen. Heaven's net, broken, was joined again; the state's step, halted, grew tranquil again; the hundred spirits had a lord and the old realm was not lost. The King of Wei's prolonging the Han tripod and Song Wu's turning back the Jin imperial carriage—such great deeds and splendid merit have nothing above them. At that time inner strife was not yet stilled and outer neighbors were fierce foes; Wang Lin made obstruction on the upper reaches and Zhou and Qi shook the Jiang and Han—fearing head and tail as if existing yet not existing—to shift the heavenly mandate without planning this, though the imperial numen had regard, how swift it was! Yet his will and measure were broad and far, his breast open as if level; he took men from among foes and raised talent from among fugitives, covered their taking-gold faults and pardoned their barking-at-Yao crimes, entrusted them as heart, belly, claws, and teeth, and all could give him their utmost strength—thus he decided the hundred battles and formed this tripartite realm; compared with the heroes of the tripod age he need not blush before Cao and Liu.
54
世祖天姿叡哲，清明在躬，早預經綸，知民疾苦，思擇令典，庶幾至治。 德刑並用，戡濟艱虞，群凶授首，彊鄰震懾。 雖忠厚之化未能及遠，恭儉之風足以垂訓，若不尚明察，則守文之良主也。
Emperor Wen by nature was wise and penetrating, with clarity in his person; early he took part in ordering the realm and knew the people's hardship; he thought to choose good statutes and nearly reach supreme order. Virtue and punishments were used together; he cut through hard times, the fierce all offered their heads, and strong neighbors were shaken in awe. Though the transformation of generous loyalty did not reach far, the wind of respectful frugality was enough to leave instruction; had he not prized sharp discernment, he would have been a good lord who kept the written rule.
55
臨川年長於成王，過微於太甲。 宣帝有周公之親，無伊尹之志，明辟不復，桐宮遂往，欲加之罪，其無辭乎！
The Deposed Emperor was older than the Duke of Zhou of Cheng's time and went too far beyond the Duke of Taijia. Emperor Xuan had the Duke of Zhou's kinship but not the Duke of Yin's intent; the enlightened ruler did not return, and the Tung Palace went on—wishing to add guilt to him, was there no plea?
56
高宗爰自在田，雅量宏廓，登庸御極，民歸其厚。 惠以使下，[29]寬以容眾。 智勇爭奮，師出有名，揚旆分麾，風行電掃，辟土千里，奄有淮、泗，戰勝攻取之勢，近古未之有也。 [30]既而君侈民勞，將驕卒墮，帑藏空竭，折衄師徒，於是秦人方彊，遂窺兵於江上矣。 李克以為吳之先亡，由乎數戰〔數勝〕，[31]數戰則民疲，數勝則主驕，以驕主御疲民，未有不亡者也。 信哉言乎！ 高宗始以寬大得人，終以驕侈致敗，文、武之業，[32]墜于茲矣。
Emperor Xuan, from the time he was in the fields, had a generous measure and broad forbearance; ascending to rule the summit, the people returned to his depth. He was kind in employing those below, [29] and broad in containing the multitude. Wisdom and courage vied in ardor; the army went out with a righteous name; banners were raised and commands divided—the wind moved and lightning swept; a thousand li of territory was opened and Huai and Si were suddenly held—the momentum of victory in attack in recent antiquity had never been its like. [30] Afterward the lord was extravagant and the people weary; generals were proud and soldiers slack; the treasury was empty and the army was broken—then the Qin people grew strong and looked with troops upon the Yangtze. Li Ke held that Wu perished first because of many battles [many victories], [31] for many battles weary the people and many victories make the lord proud; with a proud lord ruling weary people, none have not perished. Trustworthy indeed are such words! Emperor Xuan at first won men by generosity and at the end failed by pride and extravagance; the civil and military enterprise [32] fell away at this.
57
後主生深宮之中，長婦人之手，既屬邦國殄瘁，不知稼穡艱難。 初懼阽危，屢有哀矜之詔，後稍安集，復扇淫侈之風。 賓禮諸公，唯寄情於文酒，昵近群小，皆委之以衡軸。 謀謨所及，遂無骨鯁之臣，權要所在，莫匪侵漁之吏。 政刑日紊，尸素盈朝，耽荒為長夜之飲，嬖寵同豔妻之孽，危亡弗恤，上下相蒙，眾叛親離，臨機不寤，自投於井，冀以苟生，視其以此求全，抑亦民斯下矣。
Houzhu was born deep in the palace and grew up in women's hands; when he came to a realm in ruin he did not know the hardship of sowing and reaping. At first he feared imminent peril and repeatedly issued edicts of pity; later, when things were somewhat settled, he again fanned the wind of lewd extravagance. In guest-ritual toward the lords he entrusted feeling only to letters and wine; in intimacy with petty men he entrusted them all with the pivot of power. Where counsel reached, there were no ministers with backbone; where power lay, there were none but officials who preyed and stripped. Government and punishments daily fell into disorder; dead wood filled the court; he indulged in drinking through the long night and favored concubines like the wickedness of a beautiful wife; peril and ruin he did not grieve; above and below deceived one another; the multitude rebelled and kin departed; facing the moment he did not awaken and threw himself into a well, hoping to live a little longer—to look on him seeking safety thus is to be beneath the people indeed.
58
遐觀列辟，纂武嗣興，其始也皆欲齊明日月，合德天地，高視五帝，俯協三王，然而靡不有初，克終蓋寡，其故何哉？ 並以中庸之才，懷可移之性，口存於仁義，心怵於嗜慾。 仁義利物而道遠，嗜欲遂性而便身。 便身不可久違，道遠難以固志。 佞諂之倫，承顏候色，因其所好，以悅導之，若下阪以走丸，譬順流而決壅。 非夫感靈辰象，降生明德，孰能遺其所樂，而以百姓為心哉？ 此所以成、康、文、景千載而罕遇，癸、辛、幽、厲靡代而不有，毒被宗社，身嬰戮辱，為天下笑，可不痛乎！ 古人有言，亡國之主，多有才蓺，考之梁、陳及隋，信非虛論。 然則不崇教義之本，偏尚淫麗之文，徒長澆偽之風，無救亂亡之禍矣。
Looking far at the ranks of rulers who succeeded to martial glory, at the start they all wished to align brightness with sun and moon, join virtue with heaven and earth, look down on the Five Emperors and look up to harmonize with the Three Kings—yet scarcely none lacked a beginning while few could keep the end; what is the reason? All alike had mediocre talent and a nature that could be shifted; the mouth stored benevolence and righteousness while the heart feared in appetite and desire. Benevolence and righteousness benefit things but the Way is far; appetite and desire follow nature and are convenient to the body. Convenience to the body cannot long be left; the distant Way is hard to fix the will upon. The class of flatterers, receiving the countenance and watching the color, according to what was loved guided with delight—as if going down a slope with a rolling pellet, like opening a dam along the current. Unless one was moved by the numinous and the asterisms above and heaven sent down bright virtue, who could leave what he delighted in and take the hundred surnames as his heart? This is why Cheng, Kang, Wen, and Jing are rarely met in a thousand years while Gui, Xin, You, and Li are in no generation absent—poison reaching the ancestral altars, the person meeting disgrace and punishment, becoming the laughter of the realm: can it not pain one! The ancients had a saying that lords of perished states often had many talents in the arts; examining Liang, Chen, and Sui, it is truly no empty remark. Yet if one does not honor the root of teaching and righteousness but leans to the partial in lewd and ornate letters, one only lengthens the wind of shallow falsity and cannot save the disaster of disorder and ruin.
59
史臣曰：後主昔在儲宮，早標令德，及南面繼業，寔允天人之望矣。 至於禮樂刑政，咸遵故典，加以深弘六藝，廣辟四門，是以待詔之徒，爭趨金馬，稽古之秀，雲集石渠。 且梯山航海，朝貢者往往歲至矣。 自魏正始、晉中朝以來，貴臣雖有識治者，皆以文學相處，罕關庶務，朝章大典，方參議焉，文案簿領，咸委小吏，浸以成俗，迄至于陳。 後主因循，未遑改革，故施文慶、沈客卿之徒，專掌軍國要務，姦黠左道，以裒刻為功，自取身榮，不存國計，是以朝經墮廢，禍生鄰國。 斯亦運鐘百六，鼎玉遷變，非唯人事不昌，蓋天意然也。
The historian says: Houzhu in the eastern palace early bore excellent virtue, and when he faced south and succeeded to the enterprise he truly fulfilled heaven and man's expectation. As for ritual, music, punishments, and government, all followed the old statutes; moreover he deeply extended the six arts and broadly opened the four gates—thus those awaiting edicts vied to reach the Golden Horse, and scholars of antiquarian learning gathered like clouds at the Stone Canal. Moreover they climbed mountains and crossed seas; those coming to court with tribute often arrived each year. From Wei Zhengshi and Jin's middle court onward, though among honored ministers there were those who knew governance, all treated one another by letters and learning and rarely touched common affairs; court regulations and great statutes were for the most part discussed in council, while documents and ledgers were all entrusted to petty clerks—gradually it became custom, down to Chen. Houzhu followed along and had no leisure to reform; thus Shi Wenqing, Shen Keqing, and their kind solely held the crucial affairs of army and state—wicked and crafty in left ways, they took harsh exaction as merit, sought their own body's glory, and did not preserve the state's plan; therefore court discipline fell in ruin and disaster arose from a neighboring state. This too was the cycle's bell at one hundred six and the tripod jade's shift of change—not only human affairs were unprosperous; it was largely heaven's intent.
60
校勘記
Collation notes
61
右衛將軍蕭摩訶為車騎將軍南徐州刺史按蕭摩訶傳，後主嗣位，摩訶以功授散騎常侍、車騎大將軍，此無「大」字。 又授南徐州刺史在為車騎大將軍之後，亦非同時也。
On "right guard general Xiao Mohe as chariots-and-cavalry general and Southern Xuzhou inspector": in Xiao Mohe's biography, when Houzhu succeeded, Mohe for merit was made regular attendant and grand general of chariots and cavalry; grand is missing here. Again, appointment as Southern Xuzhou inspector came after he was chariots-and-cavalry general; they were not simultaneous.
62
平南將軍豫州刺史任忠進號鎮南將軍按 〈宣帝紀〉 ，太建十二年以散騎常侍、左衛將軍任忠為平南將軍、南豫州刺史，本傳同。 後主嗣位，即以此進號鎮南將軍。 此「豫州」上脫一「南」字。
On "pacify-the-south general and Yu Province inspector Ren Zhong advanced to pacify-the-south general": note: 〈Annals of Emperor Xuan〉 , in Taikian year 12 he made regular attendant and left guard general Ren Zhong pacify-the-south general and Southern Yuzhou inspector, matching his main biography. When Houzhu succeeded, on this basis he was advanced to pacify-the-south general. Above Yu Province the character south has dropped out.
63
立弟叔重為始興王「叔重」《南史·陳後主紀》作「叔敦」，然 〈宣帝諸子傳〉 又作「叔重」。
On "establishing younger brother Shuzhong as Prince of Shixing": the Southern History annals of Houzhu read Shudun, yet 〈Biographies of Emperor Xuan's Sons〉 again reads Shuzhong.
64
皇弟叔慎為岳陽王「王」字原墨丁，據各本補。
On "the emperor's younger brother Shushen as Prince of Yueyang": prince was a lacuna in the ink; supplied per all editions.
65
皇弟叔熊為巴山王「叔熊」《南史·陳後主紀》同， 〈宣帝諸子傳〉 作「叔雄」。
On "the emperor's younger brother Shuxiong as Prince of Bashan": Shuxiong matches the Southern History annals of Houzhu, 〈Biographies of Emperor Xuan's Sons〉 reads Shuxiong.
66
翊右將軍中領軍廬陵王伯仁進號安前將軍按「翊右將軍」當依 〈宣帝紀〉 太建十二年及 〈世祖九王傳〉 作「翊左將軍」。
On "assist-the-right general and central army commander Prince of Luling Boren advanced to secure-the-front general": assist-the-right general should follow 〈Annals of Emperor Xuan〉 Taikian year 12 and 〈Biographies of the Nine Princes of Emperor Wen〉 as assist-the-left general.
67
（五） 〔八〕能不至據錢大昕說改。 按漢制，皇帝常於日冬夏至御前殿，合八能之士，陳八音。 見《後漢書·禮儀志》。
(five) [eight] talents could not arrive—changed per Qian Daxin's statement. Note: by Han regulation the emperor at winter and summer solstice regularly faced the front hall and assembled the eight-talent gentlemen to display the eight sounds. See the Rites Treatise in the Book of Han.
68
是用 （甲） 〔申〕旦凝慮各本並訛，據殿本考證改。 按「獨申旦而不寐兮」，見楚辭。
Therefore (jia) [shen] dawn fixed thought—all editions alike are corrupt; changed per the Hall edition's textual verification. Note: "Alone from shen dawn I do not sleep" appears in the Songs of Chu.
69
景夜損懷「景」北監本、殿本作「丙」。 按思廉避唐諱，「丙」字皆改為「景」，作「丙」者乃後人回改也。
On "jing night lessened the breast": jing in the Northern Supervisory and Hall editions reads bing. Note: because Sima Ssu-chien avoided Tang taboo, all characters bing were changed to jing; bing readings are later reversals.
70
平南將軍豫州刺史魯廣達進號安南將軍按魯廣達於上年為南豫州刺史，此「豫州」上脫一「南」字。
On "pacify-the-south general and Yu Province inspector Lu Guangda advanced to pacify-the-south general": Lu Guangda in the previous year was Southern Yuzhou inspector; south above Yu Province has dropped out.
71
以左民尚書謝 （伸） 〔伷〕為吏部尚書據南監本改。
Left People Minister Xie (shen) [zhou] was made minister of personnel—changed per the Southern Supervisory edition.
72
久著前𣑨「𣑨」各本並作「徽」。 張元濟 〈校勘記〉 云「𣑨」即古「冊」字。
On "long established in the former register": all editions read emblem for register. Zhang Yuanji 〈Collation notes〉 says register is the ancient character for booklet.
73
四聰弗 （遠） 〔達〕據各本改。
The four keen ones did not (far) [reach]—changed per all editions.
74
肆艫艦閱武「肆」南監本作「肄」。 汲本作「肆」，傍注作「肄」。 殿本亦作「肄」，考證云「肄」各本訛「肆」，今從《南史》。 按張元濟 〈校勘記〉 云，肆，陳也，不誤。
On "deploy warships and review troops": the Southern Supervisory edition reads drill for deploy. The Ji edition reads deploy, with a marginal note reading drill. The Hall edition also reads drill; textual verification says drill in all editions is miswritten deploy; now following the Southern History. Note: Zhang Yuanji 〈Collation notes〉 says deploy means array and is not in error.
75
安東將軍吳興太守廬陵王伯仁為特進按紀、傳皆不言伯仁曾為安東將軍、吳興太守。 又本傳云禎明元年加侍中，不言特進。 疑此有誤。
On "pacify-the-east general and Wuxing administrator Prince of Luling Boren was made special advance": neither annals nor biography say Boren was pacify-the-east general or Wuxing administrator. Again his main biography says in Zhenming year 1 he was advanced to palace attendant and does not mention special advance. This is suspected to be in error.
76
以車騎將軍蕭摩訶為驃騎將軍按「車騎將軍」當作「車騎大將軍」，見校記一。 「驃騎將軍」本傳作「驃騎大將軍」，此亦無「大」字。
On "chariots-and-cavalry general Xiao Mohe as cavalry general": chariots-and-cavalry general should read grand general of chariots and cavalry; see collation note one. Cavalry general in the main biography reads grand cavalry general; grand is missing here too.
77
蕭琮所署尚書令太傅安平王蕭巖按 〈陳慧紀傳〉 「尚書令」作「尚書左僕射」。
On "minister of the masters of writing and grand tutor Prince of Ping'an Xiao Yan appointed by Xiao Cong": note: 〈Biography of Chen Huiji〉 Minister of the masters of writing reads left vice director of the masters of writing.
78
中軍將軍荊州刺史義興王蕭瓛按陳慧紀傳「義興王」作「晉熙王」，南史陳慧紀傳同。
On "central army general and Jing Province inspector Prince of Yixing Xiao Huan": in Chen Huiji's biography Prince of Yixing reads Prince of Jinxi; the Southern History biography of Chen Huiji agrees.
79
詣荊州刺史陳紀請降按「陳紀」即「陳慧紀」，本書「陳慧紀」、「陳紀」錯出，不具校。
On "going to Jing Province inspector Chen Ji to request surrender": Chen Ji is Chen Huiji; this book alternates Chen Huiji and Chen Ji without full collation.
80
自〔蔡〕洲岸入石頭渡淮據北監本、汲本、殿本及《南史·陳後主紀》補。
On "from shore entered Shitou and crossed the Huai": Cai supplied per the Northern Supervisory, Ji, and Hall editions and the Southern History annals of Houzhu.
81
有物赤色如數斗南史陳後主紀作「有物赤色大如數升」。 按斗升二字隸書形近，書傳多訛，有訛斗為升者，有訛升為斗者。 疑此脫「大」字，斗與升則未知孰是。
On "there was a thing red like several dou": the Southern History annals of Houzhu read there was a thing red, large like several sheng. Note: dou and sheng in clerical script are near in form; transmitted texts often err—some err dou as sheng, some sheng as dou. This is suspected to lack large; whether dou or sheng is not yet known.
82
軍師將軍南海王虔為安北將軍南徐州刺史按「安北將軍」本傳作「平北將軍」。
On "military adviser general and Prince of Nanhai Qian as pacify-the-north general and Southern Xuzhou inspector": pacify-the-north general in the main biography reads level-the-north general.
83
總管韓擒虎趨橫江按思廉避唐諱，「虎」字皆改為「武」。 此作「虎」，乃後人回改也。 後同。
Note: because Ssu-chien avoided Tang taboo, all characters hu were changed to wu. Here it reads hu; it is a later reversal. The same below.
84
以驃騎將軍蕭摩訶按本傳亦作「驃騎大將軍」，此脫「大」字，參校記一七。
On "cavalry general Xiao Mohe": the main biography also reads grand cavalry general; grand is missing here; compare collation notes one and seven.
85
後主遣驃騎大將軍司徒豫章王叔英屯朝 （室） 〔堂〕「室」當作「堂」，各本並訛，今依 〈豫章王叔英傳〉 及《通鑑》改。
On "Houzhu sent cavalry grand general and minister of works Prince of Yuzhang Shuying to garrison Chao": (shi) [tang]—shi should read tang; all editions alike are corrupt; now changed per 〈Biography of Prince of Yuzhang Shuying〉 and the Comprehensive Mirror.
86
惠以使下「下」字原墨丁，據各本補。
On "kind in employing those below": below was a lacuna in the ink; supplied per all editions.
87
近古未之有也「近古」二字原墨丁，據各本補。
On "in recent antiquity there had never been its like": recent antiquity was a lacuna in the ink; supplied per all editions.
88
由乎數戰〔數勝〕據南監本、汲本、殿本補。
On "because of many battles [many victories]": many victories supplied per the Southern Supervisory, Ji, and Hall editions.
89
文武之業按張森楷 〈校勘記〉 云：「應作『武文』，武指高祖武皇帝，文指世祖文皇帝，武在先，文在後也。」
On "civil and military enterprise": note Zhang Senkai 〈Collation notes〉 says: "It should read Martial and Civil; martial refers to the High Ancestor Martial Emperor, civil to Emperor Wen the Literary Emperor; martial comes first, civil after."