1
陳書卷十二
Book of Chen, Volume 12
2
列傳第六
Biographies, Part Six
3
胡穎徐度子敬成杜稜沈恪
Hu Ying; Xu Du; son Jingcheng; Du Leng; Shen Ke
4
胡穎字方秀，吳興東遷人也。 其先寓居吳興，土斷為民。 穎偉姿容，性寬厚。 梁世仕至武陵國侍郎，東宮直前。 出番禺，征討俚洞，廣州西江督護高祖在廣州，穎仍自結高祖，高祖與其同郡，接遇甚隆。 及南征交趾，穎從行役，餘諸將帥皆出其下。 及平李賁，高祖旋師，穎隸在西江，出兵多以穎留守。
Hu Ying, styled Fangxiu, came from Dongqian in Wuxing. His family had long lived in Wuxing as sojourners; after the register was broken off they were reckoned natives of the place. Ying was tall and striking, with an open, generous nature. Under Liang he served as vice-minister in the state of Wuling and direct attendant before the Eastern Palace. Posted from Panyu against the Li caves, he held the West River defense command at Guangzhou. When the Founder was there, Ying sought him out on his own. They shared a home commandery, and the Founder treated him with exceptional warmth. On the march to Jiaozhi he went with the army, and the other commanders stood beneath him in rank. After Li Ben fell the Founder turned homeward. Ying stayed on the West River, and in most campaigns he was left behind to guard the base.
5
侯景之亂，高祖克元景仲，仍渡嶺援臺，平蔡路養、李遷仕，穎皆有功。 歷平固、遂興二縣令。 高祖進軍頓西昌，以穎為巴丘縣令，鎮大皋，督糧運。 下至豫章，以穎監豫章郡。 高祖率眾與王僧辯會於白茅灣，同討侯景，以穎知留府事。
During Hou Jing's rebellion the Founder took Yuan Jingzhong, crossed the mountains to relieve the capital, and crushed Cai Luyang and Li Qianshi. Ying earned merit in every fight. He served in turn as magistrate of Pinggu and Suixing. When the Founder marched and camped at Xichang, he made Ying magistrate of Baqiu, posted him at Dago, and put him in charge of grain convoys. Moving downriver to Yuzhang, he appointed Ying overseer of the commandery. The Founder took his army to Baimao Bay to join Wang Sengbian against Hou Jing and left Ying to manage headquarters.
6
穎弟鑠，亦隨穎將軍。 穎卒，鑠統其眾。 歷東海、豫章二郡守，遷員外散騎常侍。 隨章昭達南平歐陽紇，[3]為廣州東江督護。 還預北伐，除雄信將軍、歷陽太守。 太建六年卒，贈桂州刺史。
Ying's younger brother Shuo followed him into the ranks as a general. When Ying died, Shuo inherited his command. He governed Donghai and Yuzhang in turn, then rose to supernumerary scattered-cavalry regular attendant. He marched south with Zhang Zhaoda to crush Ouyang He [3] and was made East River defense commander of Guangzhou. Back from the south he joined the northern campaign and was appointed trustworthy-faith general and administrator of Liyang. He died in Taijian year 6 (574) and was posthumously made inspector of Gui.
7
徐度字孝節，安陸人也。 世居京師。 少倜儻，不拘小節。 及長，姿貌瑰偉，嗜酒好博，恆使僮僕屠酤為事。 梁始興內史蕭介之郡，度從之，將領士卒，征諸山洞，以驍勇聞。 高祖征交趾，厚禮招之，度乃委質。
Xu Du, styled Xiaojie, came from Anlu. His family had lived in the capital for generations. As a youth he was reckless and bold, careless of petty rules. Grown to manhood he was imposing in bearing, fond of wine and dice, and kept servants busy slaughtering and brewing for his table. When Liang's interior minister of Shixing, Xiao Jie, took up his post, Du went with him, commanding men against the hill tribes, and became known for daring. On the Jiaozhi campaign the Founder courted him with rich gifts; Du at last pledged himself.
8
侯景之亂，高祖克定廣州，平蔡路養，破李遷仕，計畫多出於度。 兼統兵甲，每戰有功。 歸至白茅灣，梁元帝授寧朔將軍、合州刺史。 侯景平後，追錄前後戰功，加通直散騎常侍，封廣德縣侯，邑五百戶。 遷散騎常侍。
In Hou Jing's rising the Founder held Guangzhou, crushed Cai Luyang, and routed Li Qianshi. Du supplied much of the strategy. He also commanded the armorers and fought with merit in every engagement. Back at Baimao Bay, Emperor Yuan of Liang made him pacifying-the-north general and inspector of He. Once Hou Jing fell, past and recent victories were tallied. He was raised to direct-communication scattered-cavalry regular attendant and enfeoffed as Marquis of Guangde with five hundred households. He was transferred to scattered-cavalry regular attendant.
9
徐嗣徽、任約等來寇，高祖與敬帝還都。 時賊已據石頭城，市鄽居民，並在南路，去臺遙遠，恐為賊所乘，乃使度將兵鎮于冶城寺，築壘以斷之。 賊悉眾來攻，不能克。 高祖尋亦救之，大敗約等。 明年，嗣徽等又引齊寇濟江，度隨眾軍破之於北郊壇。 以功除信威將軍、郢州刺史，兼領吳興太守。 尋遷鎮右將軍、領軍將軍、徐州緣江諸軍事、[4]鎮北將軍、南徐州刺史，給鼓吹一部。
Xu Siwei, Ren Yue, and others struck at the capital. The Founder and Emperor Jing came back to defend it. The rebels already held Shitou. Markets and towns on the southern road lay far from the palace, open to being overrun, so Du was sent with troops to Yecheng Temple to build a wall and block the approach. The rebels threw their whole force against him and failed to break through. The Founder soon arrived in relief and routed Ren Yue and his allies. The next year Siwei again drew Qi troops across the Yangzi. Du marched with the main host and beat them at the North Suburbs altar. For merit he was made trustworthy-power general and inspector of Ying, and also administrator of Wuxing. He was soon made suppressing-the-right general, commandant of the guards, commander along the Yangzi frontier of Xuzhou, [4] suppressing-the-north general, and inspector of South Xuzhou, with a full set of pipes and drums.
10
世祖崩，度預顧命，以甲仗五十人入殿省。 廢帝即位，進位司空。 華皎據湘州反，引周兵下至沌口，與王師相持，乃加度使持節、車騎將軍，總督步軍，自安成郡由嶺路出于湘東，以襲湘州，盡獲其所留軍人家口以歸。 光大二年薨，時年六十。 贈太尉，給班劍二十人，諡曰忠肅。 太建四年，配享高祖廟庭。 子敬成嗣。
When Emperor Wen died, Du was named in the deathbed testament. Fifty armed guards were posted in the palace offices. When the Deposed Emperor succeeded, Du was promoted to minister of works. Hua Jiao rebelled in Xiangzhou and drew Zhou armies to Chun Ford, where they locked with the imperial host. Du was given credentials as chariots-and-cavalry general and made commander of all foot troops. He marched from Ancheng over the ridges into eastern Xiang, raided Xiangzhou, and carried off every soldier's family Jiao had left there. He died in Guangda year 2 (567), aged sixty. He was posthumously made grand commandant, granted twenty ritual swords, and given the posthumous name Loyal and Solemn. In Taijian year 4 (572) he was enshrined in the Founder's temple. His son Jingcheng inherited the line.
11
五年，除貞威將軍、吳興太守。 其年隨都督吳明徹北討，出秦郡，別遣敬成為都督，乘金翅自歐陽引埭上泝江由廣陵。 齊人皆城守，弗敢出。 自繁梁湖下淮，圍淮陰城。 仍監北兗州。 淮、泗義兵相率響應，一二日間，眾至數萬，遂克淮陰、山陽、鹽城三郡，并連口、朐山二戍。 仍進攻鬱州，克之。 以功加通直散騎常侍、雲旗將軍，增邑五百戶。 又進號壯武將軍，鎮朐山。 坐於軍中輒科訂，并誅新附，免官。 尋復為持節、都督安元潼三州諸軍事、安州刺史，將軍如故，鎮宿預。 七年卒，時年三十六。 贈散騎常侍，諡曰思。 子敞嗣。
In the fifth year he was made upright-power general and administrator of Wuxing. That year he marched north under Wu Mingche, leaving from Qin commandery. Jingcheng was sent as a separate commander, sailing the Golden Wings from Ouyangyin Dam up the Yangzi through Guangling. The Qi forces shut themselves in their walled towns and would not fight. From Fanliang Lake he went down the Huai and laid siege to Huaiyin. He was then made overseer of North Yanzhou. Loyal levies on the Huai and Si rallied to him by the thousand. In a day or two he had tens of thousands of men and seized Huaiyin, Shanyang, and Yancheng, with the garrisons at Lian Ford and Qushan. He pressed on to Yuzhou and captured it. For merit he was made direct-communication scattered-cavalry regular attendant and cloud-banner general, with five hundred more households in his fief. He was further promoted to stalwart-martial general and posted at Qushan. He was dismissed for summarily punishing men in camp and executing fresh recruits. Soon he was restored with credentials as area commander of An, Yuan, and Tong, inspector of An, with his old rank, garrisoning Suyu. He died in the seventh year, aged thirty-six. He was posthumously made scattered-cavalry regular attendant and given the posthumous name Reflective. His son Chang succeeded.
12
杜稜字雄盛，吳郡錢塘人也。 世為縣大姓。 稜頗涉書傳，少落泊，不為當世所知。 遂遊嶺南，事梁廣州刺史新渝侯蕭映。 映卒，從高祖，恆典書記。 侯景之亂，命稜將領，平蔡路養、李遷仕皆有功。 軍至豫章，梁元帝承制授稜仁威將軍、石州刺史，上陌縣侯，邑八百戶。
Du Leng, styled Xiongsheng, came from Qiantang in Wu commandery. For generations his clan was one of the county's great families. Leng had read widely, but in youth he drifted without notice. He went south to Lingnan and entered the service of Liang's inspector of Guangzhou, the Prince of Xinyu, Xiao Ying. When Ying died he followed the Founder and served constantly as his secretary. In Hou Jing's rebellion he was put in command. He helped crush Cai Luyang and Li Qianshi and won merit in both campaigns. At Yuzhang, Emperor Yuan of Liang, exercising regency powers, made Leng benevolent-power general and inspector of Shi, and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Shangmo with eight hundred households.
13
廢帝即位，遷鎮右將軍、特進，侍中、尹如故。 光大元年，解尹，量置佐史，給扶，重授領軍將軍。
When the Deposed Emperor succeeded, he was made suppressing-the-right general and special grandee, retaining his posts as palace attendant and metropolitan governor. In the first year of Guangda (567) he left the metropolitan post. A full staff was assigned, carriage supports granted, and he was again made commandant of the guards.
14
太建元年，出為散騎常侍、鎮東將軍、吳興太守，秩中二千石。 二年，徵為侍中、鎮右將軍。 尋加特進、護軍將軍。 三年，以公事免侍中、護軍。 四年，復為侍中、右光祿大夫，并給鼓吹一部，將軍、佐史、扶並如故。
In the first year of Taijian (569) he was sent out as scattered-cavalry regular attendant, suppressing-the-east general, and administrator of Wuxing, at middle two-thousand-dan rank. In the second year he was recalled as palace attendant and suppressing-the-right general. Soon he was also made special grandee and protector of the army. In the third year he was dismissed from palace attendant and protector of the army on official grounds. In the fourth year he returned as palace attendant and right grandee for splendid virtue, with pipes and drums restored; his rank, staff, and carriage supports stayed as before.
15
稜歷事三帝，並見恩寵。 末年不預征役，優遊京師，賞賜優洽。 頃之卒于官，時年七十。 贈開府儀同三司，喪事所須，並令資給，諡曰成。 其年配享高祖廟庭。 子安世嗣。
Leng served three emperors and won favor under each. In his last years he stayed out of the field, idling in the capital while honors and gifts flowed freely. He soon died in office, aged seventy. He was posthumously made grand master for splendid happiness with three-excellency honors; the court paid for the funeral and gave him the posthumous name Accomplished. That year he was enshrined in the Founder's temple. His son Anshi succeeded.
16
沈恪字子恭，吳興武康人也。 深沈有幹局。 梁新渝侯蕭映為郡將，召為主簿。 映遷北徐州，恪隨映之鎮。 映遷廣州，以恪兼府中兵參軍，常領兵討伐俚洞。 盧子略之反也，恪拒戰有功，除中兵參軍。 高祖與恪同郡，情好甚暱，蕭映卒後，高祖南討李賁，仍遣妻子附恪還鄉。 尋補東宮直後，以嶺南勳除員外散騎侍郎，仍令招集宗從子弟。 [7]
Shen Ke, styled Zigong, came from Wukang in Wuxing. He was reserved and steady, with a gift for command. When Liang's Prince of Xinyu, Xiao Ying, held a commandery, Ke was called up as chief clerk. When Ying moved to North Xuzhou, Ke went with him to the post. When Ying went to Guangzhou, Ke was made concurrent military adjutant in the princely staff and often led troops against the Li caves. When Lu Zilüe rose, Ke fought him off with merit and was made middle military adjutant. The Founder shared Ke's home commandery and liked him well. After Xiao Ying died, on the march against Li Ben he sent his family home under Ke's escort. He was soon made direct attendant after the Eastern Palace, then brevetted scattered-cavalry attendant gentleman for his southern service and told to rally his clan. Editorial footnote marker 7.
17
侯景圍臺城，恪率所領入臺，隨例加右軍將軍。 賊起東西二土山以逼城，城內亦作土山以應之，恪為東土山主，晝夜拒戰。 以功封東興縣侯，邑五百戶。 遷員外散騎常侍。 京城陷，恪閒行歸鄉里。 高祖之討侯景，遣使報恪，乃於東起兵相應。 賊平，恪謁高祖於京口，即日授都軍副。 尋為 （君） 〔府〕司馬。 [8]
When Hou Jing besieged the capital, Ke brought his men inside the walls and, by precedent, was made right army general. The rebels piled earthen mounts east and west against the walls; the defenders raised mounts of their own. Ke held the eastern mound and fought day and night. For merit he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Dongxing with five hundred households. He was made supernumerary scattered-cavalry regular attendant. When the capital fell, Ke stole home by back roads. The Founder sent word when he marched against Hou Jing; Ke raised men in the east to join him. After the rebels fell, Ke met the Founder at Jingkou and was named deputy commander of the capital army that same day. Soon after he was made (Jun) [Fu] establishment marshal. Editorial footnote marker 8.
18
高祖踐祚，除吳興太守。 永定二年，徙監會稽郡。 會余孝頃謀應王琳，出兵臨川攻周迪，以恪為壯武將軍，率兵踰嶺以救迪。 余孝頃聞恪至，退走。 三年，遷使持節、通直散騎常侍、智武將軍、吳州刺史，便道之鄱陽。 尋有詔追還，行會稽郡事。 其年，除散騎常侍、忠武將軍、會稽太守。
When the Founder took the throne, Ke was made administrator of Wuxing. In Yongding year two he was transferred to oversee Kuaiji commandery. When Yu Xiaoshuo plotted to side with Wang Lin and marched from Linchuan against Zhou Di, Ke was made stalwart-martial general and led an army over the mountains to relieve Di. When Yu Xiaoshuo learned Ke was coming, he retreated. In year three he was made bearer of the staff, courier scattered-cavalry regular attendant, intelligent-martial general, and inspector of Wu prefecture, and went by convenient route to Poyang. Before long an edict recalled him, and he administered Kuaiji commandery affairs. That year he was made scattered-cavalry regular attendant, loyal-martial general, and administrator of Kuaiji.
19
高宗即位，加散騎常侍、都督廣衡東衡交越成定新合羅愛德宜黃利安石雙等十八州諸軍事、鎮南將軍、平越中郎將、廣州刺史。 恪未至嶺，前刺史歐陽紇舉兵拒險，恪不得進，朝廷遣司空章昭達督眾軍討紇，紇平，乃得入州。 州罹兵荒，所在殘毀，恪綏懷安緝，被以恩惠，嶺表賴之。
When Emperor Xuan succeeded, Ke was further made scattered-cavalry regular attendant, commander of armies in eighteen southern provinces including Guang, Heng, Eastern Heng, Jiao, Yue, Cheng, Ding, Xin, He, Luo, Ai, De, Yi, Huang, Li, An, Shi, and Shuang, general who guards the south, general who pacifies the Yue, and inspector of Guangzhou. Before Ke crossed the mountains, the former inspector Ouyang Xie held the passes with an army and blocked him. The court sent Zhang Zhaoda, minister of works, to lead the armies against Xie; only after Xie was suppressed could Ke enter the province. The province had been ravaged by war and lay in ruins. Ke comforted and settled the people, treating them with kindness, and the far south came to rely on him.
20
史臣曰：胡穎、徐度、杜稜、沈恪並附騏驥而騰躍，依日月之光輝，始覯王佐之才，方悟公輔之量，生則肉食，終以配饗。 盛矣哉！
The historiographer writes: Hu Ying, Xu Du, Du Leng, and Shen Ke all rode swift steeds to rise, drew on the light of sun and moon, first saw the gifts of royal counselors, then grasped the stature of chief ministers; in life they feasted at court, in death they shared offerings in the ancestral temple. How splendid!
21
校勘記
Collation notes
22
於東關大破之 （元建） 據北監本、汲本、殿本及《南史》刪。 按南監本亦有「元建」二字，或刪「之」字，作「於東關大破元建」，亦通。
At Dongguan they inflicted a great defeat on them (Yuan Jian) Deleted per the Northern Supervisory, Ji, and Hall editions and the History of the Southern Dynasties. Note: the Southern Supervisory edition also reads Yuan Jian; deleting them gives at Dongguan inflicted a great defeat on Yuan Jian, which also works.
23
齊人東方光據宿預請降「東方光」通鑑梁元帝承聖二年、三年凡兩見，皆作「東方白額」，《北齊書·段韶傳》同，疑白額為光之別名。
On Qi man Dongfang Guang holding Suyu and seeking surrender: the Comprehensive Mirror in Chengsheng years two and three of Emperor Yuan of Liang twice reads Dongfang Bai'e, as does the Northern Qi History biography of Duan Shao; Bai'e was probably Guang's alias.
24
隨章昭達南平歐陽紇按「達」原訛「連」，各本不訛，今改正。
On following Zhang Zhaoda south to pacify Ouyang Xie: da was originally written lian; other editions are correct; emended.
25
徐州緣江諸軍事張森楷 〈校勘記〉 云：「『徐』上疑有『南』字，下稱『南徐州刺史』，則此不得徒稱『徐』也。」
Military affairs along the Yangzi of Xuzhou—Zhang Senkai 〈Collation note〉 He writes: "South probably belongs before Xu; since the text below says inspector of South Xuzhou, Xu alone cannot be right here."
26
（敬成父） 度為吳郡太守據北監本、殿本刪。
(Jingcheng's father) On Xu Du as administrator of Wu commandery: deleted per the Northern Supervisory and Hall editions.
27
高祖誅王僧辯殿本考證云「誅」字上《南史》有「謀」字。 今按：有「謀」字是。
On the Founder executing Wang Sengbian: the Hall edition notes that the History of the Southern Dynasties reads plotted above executed. Present opinion: plotted is the correct reading.
28
仍令招集宗從子弟殿本考證云「招」《南史》作「總」。
On still ordered to recruit clan and follower kinsmen: the Hall edition notes the History of the Southern Dynasties reads gather for recruit.
29
尋為 （君） 〔府〕司馬據元龜七六五改。 按「君」各本作「郡」，明此「君」字為「郡」字之訛。 然沈恪已為員外散騎常侍，封縣侯，無更為郡司馬之理。 蓋其時陳霸先都督南徐州諸軍事、征北大將軍、開府儀同三司、南徐州刺史，恪為其府之司馬也。 《元龜》作「府司馬」是。
Soon appointed (jun) [Prefecture] chief minister—emended per Yuan Gui 765. Note: in every edition jun is commandery, showing this jun (lord) is a corruption of commandery. Yet Shen Ke was already supernumerary scattered-cavalry regular attendant and enfeoffed as a county marquis; he could not logically have become a commandery chief minister again. Probably then Chen Baxian was commander of South Xuzhou armies, grand general who campaigns north, opener of the mansion equal to the three dukes, and inspector of South Xuzhou; Ke was chief minister of his staff. Yuan Gui's reading prefecture chief minister is correct.
30
令勒兵入辭按北監本、汲本、殿本無「辭」字，《南史》同。
On ordered to lead troops in to take leave: the Northern Supervisory, Ji, and Hall editions omit leave, as does the History of the Southern Dynasties.
31
光大二年至改為護軍將軍按 〈廢帝紀〉 ，沈恪遷平西將軍、荊州刺史在光大元年十一月，改為護軍將軍在光大二年十一月。
On from Guangda year two to changed to protector general—note: 〈Annals of the Deposed Emperor〉 , Shen Ke's promotion to general who pacifies the west and inspector of Jingzhou fell in the eleventh month of Guangda year one; his change to protector general in the eleventh month of Guangda year two.