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陳書卷十四
Book of Chen, Volume 14
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列傳第八
Biographies, Part Eight
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Chen Chang, Prince Xian of Hengyang, styled Jingye, was the Founder's sixth son. In the last years of Liang's Taiqing era, Gaozu marched south against Li Ben and sent Chang and Empress Xuan back to Wuxing with Shen Ke. When the Founder turned east against Hou Jing, Chang, Lady Xuan, and Emperor Wen were all taken prisoner by Jing. After Jing's defeat he was made heir of the princedom of Changcheng and administrator of Wuxing, at age sixteen.
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Chang was tall and handsome, with a clear, spirited face; he was quick-witted and articulate and knew government affairs well. The Founder sent Xie Zhe of Chen and Cai Jingli of Jiyang to help him govern the commandery, and Du Zhiwei of Wu to teach him the classics. He could read a passage once and recite it from memory, grasp doctrine clearly, and argue through a point without hesitation. He soon went to Jingzhou with Emperor Xuan; Emperor Yuan of Liang made him external regular attendant of the Secretariat. When Jingzhou fell he was moved with Emperor Xuan to the northwest; Western Wei honored him greatly for the Founder's sake.
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After Gaozu took the throne he repeatedly sent envoys asking Zhou to return Gaozong and Chang. Zhou agreed but held them back, sending them only after Gaozu died. At the time Wang Lin blocked the river's middle course, so Chang could not return and remained at Anlu. After Wang Lin was defeated, in the second month of Tianjia year 1, Chang left Anlu and crossed the Yangzi by way of Lushan. Prince Xiao Yan of Baling and the officials then submitted this memorial:
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臣聞宗子維城，隆周之懋軌，封建藩屏，有漢之弘規，是以卜世斯永，寔資邢、衛，[1]鼎命靈長，實賴河、楚。
We have heard that kinsmen of the royal house buttress the state, as in glorious Zhou, and that enfeoffing princes to guard the borders was Han's great design; lasting rule truly drew on domains such as Xing and Wei, [1] and the mandate's endurance truly rested on great regions such as the He River lands and Chu.
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Your Majesty's divine plan shines far; your sacred virtue is revered and clear; your Way rises above sun and moon; your virtue equals heaven and earth. When the throne was first being won and the realm was still in peril, you shared in strategy and rallied men of honor; your power reached beyond the borders and your strength secured the court—so you twice restored the ancient order and sheltered the people. When the sage martial emperor passed away, the royal army was far away; the heir was cut off and the succession unsettled; the ancestral temple trembled and the throne seemed all but lost. Then word came that the heir was returning, the ministers settled the succession, you took up the great foundation, and the bright age began; the people had a ruler, the tombs were safe, and renewal came on that day—men's hearts and Heaven's will alike were clear. Wang Lin had long rebelled and escaped justice; now he joined with barbarian allies and struck along the rivers—fleets and banners filled the land, the Yangzi hidden and the shores covered; armies were exhausted, the people drained, and the realm was in uproar while the borders gave way. You labored at court and sent armies down the rivers; once your forces moved, the rebel host collapsed; you cleared the four quarters and pacified the realm, your design reaching far and your kindness heard abroad; where your rule reached, men yielded like grass in wind—your merit outshone the saviors of old and your Way surpassed the sage kings; it was not only the state that was saved—the people leaned on you.
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Your sixth brother Chang was sent north as a hostage while still young; he fell into enemy hands and was cut off beyond the passes, unable to come home. Your love for your kin runs deep, and you have long wished to yield your own desire. Great virtue knows no private favor, and supreme justice must prevail—how can private feeling outweigh the needs of the throne? Follow ancient precedent, observe the rites, and as Zhou and Han did, enfeoff worthy kinsmen. Xiang province is a strategic land of rivers and hills; only a kinsman should hold its defense; let him take Hengyang and receive the honors due a prince. We propose that Chang be made bearer of the staff, palace attendant, commander of armies in Xiangzhou, general of agile cavalry, and governor of Xiangzhou; that he be enfeoffed as Prince of Hengyang with five thousand households; and that he receive a black carriage with triple canopy, a guard of drums and pipes, and twenty halberd escorts. Let this memorial be carried out.
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詔曰「可」。 三月入境，詔令主書舍人緣道迎接。 景子，濟江，於中流船壞，以溺薨。
An edict said, "Approved." In the third month he crossed the border; the throne ordered secretariat clerks to meet him all along the road. On jingzi day he crossed the Yangzi; midstream the boat broke up and he drowned.
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四月庚寅，喪柩至京師，上親出臨哭。 乃下詔曰：「夫寵章所以嘉德，禮數所以崇親，乃歷代之通規，固前王之令典。 新除使持節、散騎常侍、都督湘州諸軍事、驃騎將軍、湘州牧衡陽王昌，明哲在躬，珪璋早秀，孝敬內湛，聰睿外宣。 梁季艱虞，宗社顛墜，西京淪覆，陷身關隴。 及鼎業初基，外蕃逆命，聘問斯阻，音介莫通，睠彼機橋，將鄰烏白。 今者群公戮力，多難廓清，輕傳入郛，無勞假道。 周朝敦其繼好，驂駕歸來，欣此朝聞，庶歡昏定。 報施徒語，曾莫輔仁，人之云亡，殄悴斯在，奄焉薨殞，倍增傷悼。 津門之慟空在，恆岫之切不追，靜言念之，心焉如割。 宜隆懋典，以協徽猷。 可贈侍中、假黃鉞、都督中外諸軍事、太宰、揚州牧。 給東園溫明祕器，九旒鑾輅，黃屋左纛，武賁班劍百人，[2]轀輬車，前後部羽葆鼓吹。 葬送之儀，一依漢東平憲王、齊豫章文獻王故事。 仍遣大司空持節迎護喪事，大鴻臚副其羽衛，殯送所須，隨由備辦。」 諡曰獻。 無子，世祖以第七皇子伯信為嗣。
On gengyin day in the fourth month the coffin reached the capital; the emperor went out in person to mourn. An edict followed: "Honors reward virtue, and ritual exalts kin—this has been the rule of every age and the law of former kings. Chen Chang, newly made bearer of the staff, palace attendant, commander of armies in Xiangzhou, general of agile cavalry, and governor of Xiangzhou, Prince of Hengyang, was wise in himself and gifted from youth, inwardly filial and outwardly sharp. In Liang's troubled years the dynasty fell; the western capital was lost and he was held captive in the northwest. When the Chen house first rose, the frontiers were closed to us; no envoy could reach him and no word come through; we thought of him far away, almost beyond return. Now that the ministers have joined their strength and the realm is pacified, he could come home without asking leave of any foe. Zhou once welcomed a kinsman home from captivity; we rejoiced to hear he was coming and hoped at last to see him again. Heaven repaid him only with words, not with years; now he is gone and our grief is doubled. We grieve at the river where he died, but cannot follow him to his grave; to think of it is to feel the heart torn. Let great honors be granted to match his worth. Posthumously appoint him palace attendant, grant the yellow battle-axe, make him commander of all armies at court and in the field, grand tutor, and governor of Yangzhou. Grant the Eastern Garden burial regalia, the nine-tasseled carriage and imperial equipage, a hundred halberd guards, [2] the funeral carriage, and front and rear guards with drums and pipes. Burial and escort shall follow the precedents of the Han Prince Xian of Dongping and the Qi Prince Wen of Yuzhang. Send the grand minister of works with the staff to receive the coffin; let the grand herald assist with the guard; provide everything needed for the funeral along the route." His posthumous title was Xian. He left no sons; Emperor Wen made his seventh son Boxin his heir.
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Chen Tanlang, Prince Min of Nankang, was the son of Prince Zhongzhuang Xiuxian, the Founder's younger brother by the same mother. Xiuxian was daring and ambitious in youth; when Emperor Jianwen of Liang was crown prince he won deep favor. In the Taqing era, after Hou Jing was admitted and war moved north, he had Xiuxian raise more than a thousand men and made him commander of Wende; he died soon after. Once the Founder held the realm, he often said of Xiuxian: "If this brother had lived, the Yellow and Luo would not have been hard to recover." When Emperor Jing of Liang came to the throne, Xiuxian was posthumously made palace attendant, bearer of the staff, general of agile cavalry, and inspector of South Xuzhou, and enfeoffed as Duke of Wukang with one thousand households. When the Founder took the throne, he was posthumously made palace attendant, grand general of chariots and cavalry, and grand tutor, enfeoffed as Prince of Nankang with two thousand households, and given the posthumous name Zhongzhuang.
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Tanlang was orphaned young, and Gaozu loved him especially, favoring him even more than his own sons. He was brave and forceful, and good at calming and directing men. After Hou Jing was defeated, he entered service as assistant editorial director. When Gaozu crossed north of the Yangzi and besieged Guangling, Dongfang Guang of Suyu raised a loyal force in his home district. Gaozu sent Tanlang and Du Sengming from the Huai into the Si River region to support him. When Qi reinforcements arrived in force, Tanlang and Sengming built forts and held them off. Soon ordered to withdraw, he brought thirty thousand Suyu loyalist households across the Yangzi. After Gaozu killed Wang Sengbian, he left Tanlang at Jingkou to command the garrison and manage the rear headquarters. In Shaotai year 1 he was made attendant in the Secretariat and put in charge of South Xuzhou.
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In year two, Xu Siwei and Ren Yue brought Qi armies against the capital; they then sought peace and demanded the Founder's sons and nephews as hostages. Many provinces had not yet submitted, the capital was weak, and grain transport remained open; court officials all favored peace with Qi, and the Founder was torn—but he could not easily defy them. He told the assembly: "I have poorly served the dynasty and let barbarians ravage the realm without destroying them—how can I escape blame? You wish to rest and make peace with Qi to quiet the borders; if I refuse, you will say I spare my kin—today I will send Tanlang and abandon him to the enemy. The Qi are faithless and will not stop their scheming; seeing us weaken, they will surely break the treaty. If the Qi attack again, you must fight for me with all your strength." The Founder feared Tanlang would refuse or flee east; he went in person with troops to Jingkou to fetch him, brought him back to the capital, and then sent him to Qi as a hostage.
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Qi broke the treaty and sent Xiao Gui and others with Siwei across the Yangzi; the Founder defeated them heavily and took Xiao Gui, Dongfang Lao, and others prisoner. Qi offered to cede land and send horses and cattle as ransom; the Founder refused. When Gui and the rest were put to death, the northerners also killed Tanlang at Jinyang; he was twenty-eight. The court had already broken with Qi and did not yet know. When the Founder became emperor, he still had Tanlang recorded as Prince of Nankang to maintain Prince Zhongzhuang's sacrifices, with honors equal to an imperial prince. In Tianjia year two, when peace was made with Qi, the court first learned he was dead. Emperor Wen issued an edict: "To honor the dead and observe the last rites is an ancient teaching. Prince of Nankang Chen Tanlang was a worthy kinsman and a pillar of the realm; he went as hostage to Northern Qi to ease the crisis. The dynasty was rising and he had not returned; we longed for him day and night. When Qi's envoys first came, word of his death arrived; our grief was beyond measure; let honors be raised to mark his place. Posthumously appoint him palace attendant, general who pacifies the east, opener of the mansion equal to the three dukes, and inspector of South Xuzhou; posthumous title Min." He sent the acting director of the palace secretariat, Jiang Dezao and Liu Shizhi, with the embassy to bring Tanlang's coffin home; it reached the capital in spring of year three.
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方泰少麤獷，與諸惡少年群聚，遊逸無度，世祖以南康王故，特寬貰之。 天嘉元年，詔曰：「南康王曇朗，出隔齊庭，反身莫測，國廟方修，奠饗須主，可以長男方泰為南康世子，嗣南康王。」 後聞曇朗薨，於是襲爵南康嗣王。 尋為仁威將軍、丹陽尹，置佐史。 太建四年，遷使持節、都督廣衡交越成定明新合羅德宜黃利安建石崖十九州諸軍事、[4]平越中郎將、廣州刺史。 為政殘暴，為有司所奏，免官。 尋起為仁威將軍，置佐史。 六年，授持節、都督豫章郡諸軍事、豫章內史。 在郡不修民事，秩滿之際，屢放部曲為劫，又縱火延燒邑居，因行暴掠，驅錄富人，徵求財賄。 代至，又淹留不還。 至都，詔以為宗正卿，將軍、佐史如故。 未拜，為御史中丞宗元饒所劾，免官，以王還第。
Fangtai was coarse and unruly from youth, running with bad company and living without restraint; because of Prince Tanlang of Nankang, Emperor Wen especially spared him. In Tianjia year one an edict said: "Prince of Nankang Chen Tanlang is held in Qi and cannot return; the ancestral temple is being restored and needs a master—let his eldest son Fangtai be heir of Nankang and succeed the title." When word came that Tanlang had died, Fangtai succeeded as Prince of Nankang. He was soon made general of benevolent might and administrator of Danyang, with a full staff. In Taijian year four he was made bearer of the staff and commander of armies in nineteen southern provinces including Guang, Heng, Jiao, Yue, Cheng, Ding, Ming, Xin, He, Luo, De, Yi, Huang, Li, An, Jian, and Shiya, [4] general who pacifies the Yue, and inspector of Guangzhou. He governed with cruelty; the authorities reported him and he was dismissed. He was soon restored as general of benevolent might with a staff. In year six he received the staff and was made commander of armies in Yuzhang and interior magistrate of the commandery. In office he neglected the people; as his term ended he sent retainers to rob, set fires that burned towns, and plundered openly, seizing the wealthy and extorting bribes. When his successor arrived he lingered and would not leave. At the capital an edict made him director of the imperial clan, keeping his general's rank and staff. Before he took office the censor-in-chief Zong Yuanrao impeached him; he was dismissed and sent back to his princely residence.
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十一年，起為寧遠將軍，直殿省。 尋加散騎常侍，量置佐史。 其年八月，高宗幸大壯觀，因大閱武，命都督任忠領步騎十萬，陳於玄武湖，都督陳景領樓艦五百，出于瓜步江，高宗登玄武門觀，[5]宴群臣以觀之。 因幸樂遊苑，設絲竹會。 仍重幸大壯觀，集眾軍振旅而還。 是時方泰當從，啟稱所生母疾，不行，因與亡命楊鍾期等二十人，微服往民閒，淫人妻，為州所錄。 又率人仗抗拒，傷禁司，為有司所奏。 上大怒，下方泰獄。 方泰初但承行淫，不承拒格禁司，上曰不承則上測，方泰乃投列承引。 於是兼御史中丞徐君敷奏曰：[6]「臣聞王者之心，匪漏網而私物，至治之本，無屈法而申慈。 謹案南康王陳方泰宗屬雖遠，幸託葭莩，刺舉莫成，共治罕績。 聖上弘以悔往，許其錄用，宮闈寄切，宿衛是尸。 豈有金門旦啟，玉輿曉蹕，百司馳騖，千隊騰驤，憚此翼從之勞，妄興晨昏之請？ 飜以危冠淇上，袨服桑中，臣子之諐，莫斯為大，宜從霜簡，允寘 （冬） 秋官。 [7]臣等參議，請依見事，解方泰所居官，下宗正削爵土。 謹以白簡奏聞。」 上可其奏。 尋復本官爵。 禎明初，遷侍中，將軍如故。
In year eleven he was made general who pacifies the distance and posted to the Direct Palace Office. He was soon also made regular attendant of the Secretariat, with staff as required. That eighth month Emperor Xuan went to the Great Zhuang Hall for a grand military review, ordered Ren Zhong to array one hundred thousand foot and horse at Xuanwu Lake, and Chen Jing to lead five hundred tower ships onto the Yangzi at Guazhou; Emperor Xuan mounted the Xuanwu Gate tower [5] and feasted his ministers as they watched. He then went to the Leyou Garden for a concert. He returned to the Great Zhuang Hall, mustered the troops, and marched back in review. Fangtai should have attended but pleaded his mother's illness; instead he went with twenty desperadoes including Yang Zhongqi in disguise among the people and raped women, and was seized by the provincial authorities. He also led armed men to resist and wounded the guards; the authorities reported him. The emperor was furious and had Fangtai thrown into prison. At first Fangtai admitted only the sexual crimes, not resisting the guards; the emperor said refusal would bring torture, and Fangtai then confessed everything on the record. The acting censor-in-chief Xu Junfu then memorialized: "I have heard that a ruler's heart does not let offenders slip through the net for private favor, and that supreme order does not bend the law to show mercy. We report that Chen Fangtai, though a distant kinsman, enjoys the tie of marriage kin; as an inspector he has done nothing, and in office he has achieved little. Your Majesty in mercy let him repent and employed him again; the palace trusted him with urgent duty and made him hold the night watch. When the palace gates open at dawn and the imperial carriage sets out, with a hundred offices rushing and a thousand guards riding, how could he shirk escort duty and falsely plead illness morning and night? Instead he wore fine dress on the streets and took his pleasures in secret—the offense of a subject could hardly be greater; he should be judged by the harsh statutes and be properly (winter) autumn office. We jointly recommend that, on the facts before us, Fangtai be dismissed from office and the Director of the Imperial Clan be ordered to strip his title and fief. We respectfully submit this memorial." The emperor approved the memorial. Before long his offices and title were restored. At the start of the Zhenming era he was made attendant-in-ordinary, keeping his general's rank.
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In year three the Sui army crossed the Yangzi; Fangtai joined Fan Meng, loyal-martial general and inspector of South Yuzhou, and Jiang Yuansun of the Left Guard in leading a fleet at Baixia to block the river line. Sui sent Gao Jiong with a fleet upstream; Fan and Jiang surrendered, Fangtai's men scattered, and he abandoned his ships and fled. When the capital fell he was taken to the north with the Last Emperor. Under Sui's Daye reign he served as director of the palace ladies.
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Fangqing as a youth was sharp and well read. As an adult he showed ability and foresight. During Tianjia he was enfeoffed as marquis of Linru. He was soon made supervising censor and tutor to the crown prince, acting director of the imperial clan, and posted to the Direct Palace Office. In Taijian year nine he was sent out as general of the light chariot, acting bearer of the staff, commander of armies in Dingzhou, and inspector of the province. When his term ended he returned as regular attendant of the Secretariat and again directed the imperial clan. In Zhide year two he was promoted to general of intelligent martial might and inspector of Wuzhou. Ma Jing had long governed Guangzhou in the far south, won the people's loyalty, and commanded a strong force; the court grew wary of him. Fangqing was then made general of benevolent might and inspector of Guangzhou and sent to attack Ma Jing with an army. After Jing was killed, Fangqing was promoted to general who proclaims resolution. Fangqing was upright and cautious and governed with popular support. In year four he was promoted to general of the cloud banner.
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In Zhenming year three, as Sui crossed the Yangzi, Eastern Hengzhou inspector Wang Yong sent Gaozhou inspector Dai Zhilie with five hundred horsemen to fetch Fangqing, [8] planning to put him at the head of all southern armies. Sui commander Wei Guang then crossed the mountains and proclaimed an edict from Emperor Wen of Sui: "If Lingnan is pacified, Yong and Fengzhou inspector Zheng Wanqing shall remain in their former posts." Fangqing feared Yong meant to betray him, refused, and marched against Zhilie. Zhilie defeated him, killed Fangqing at Guangzhou, and took his family prisoner.
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王勇，太建中為晉陵太守，在職有能名。 方慶之襲馬靖也，朝廷以勇為超武將軍、東衡州刺史，領始興內史，以為方慶聲勢。 靖誅，以功封龍陽縣子。 及隋軍臨江，詔授勇使持節、光勝將軍、總督衡廣交桂武等二十四州諸軍事、平越中郎將，仍入援。 會京城陷、勇因移檄管內，徵兵據守，使其同產弟鄧暠將兵五千，頓于嶺上。 又遣使迎方慶，欲假以為名，而自執兵要。 及方慶敗績，虜其妻子，收其貲產，分賞將帥。 又令其將王仲宣、曾孝武迎西衡州刺史衡陽王伯信，伯信懼，奔于清遠郡，孝武追殺之。 是時韋洸兵已上嶺，豐州刺史鄭萬頃據州不受勇召，而高梁女子 （浩） 洗氏舉兵以應隋軍，[9]攻陷傍郡，勇計無所出，乃以其眾降。 行至荊州，道病卒，隋贈大將軍、宋州刺史，歸仁縣公。
Wang Yong had served as Jinling administrator in the Taijian era and was known as an able official. When Fangqing moved against Ma Jing, the court made Yong super martial general, inspector of Eastern Hengzhou, and interior magistrate of Shixing to strengthen Fangqing's position. After Jing's death Yong was enfeoffed as viscount of Longyang for his service. As Sui reached the river, Yong was made bearer of the staff, guang victorious general, commander of twenty-four southern provinces including Heng and Guang, and general who pacifies the Yue, and ordered north to reinforce the capital. When the capital fell Yong issued calls to arms, mustered troops to hold Lingnan, and sent his younger brother Deng Hao with five thousand men to camp on the pass. He also sent for Fangqing, hoping to use his royal name while keeping command himself. After Fangqing's defeat Yong seized his family and goods and shared the loot among his generals. He sent Wang Zhongxuan and Zeng Xiaowu to fetch Prince Boxin of Hengyang, inspector of Western Hengzhou; the prince fled to Qingyuan and Xiaowu ran him down and killed him. Wei Guang had already crossed the mountains; Fengzhou inspector Zheng Wanqing held his province and ignored Yong's call, while the Gaoliang woman (Hao) Xi raised troops for Sui, [9] overran neighboring districts; with no options left Yong surrendered with his army. He fell ill on the road at Jingzhou and died; Sui posthumously made him grand general, Songzhou inspector, and duke of Guiren.
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Zheng Wanqing of Xingyang was a kinsman of Liang's Sizhou inspector Zheng Shaoshu. His father Min went over to Northern Wei at the end of Liang. Wanqing was talented and capable; under Zhou Emperor Wu he was metropolitan construction officer and later inspector of Wenzhou. In the Zhide era he defected to Chen with Sima Xiaonan. He was soon made regular attendant, general who manifests martiality, and inspector of Fengzhou. He governed Fengzhou with real kindness; the people petitioned for a commemorative stele and the court agreed.
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The historian writes: Princes Xian and Min shone like stars in the sky—one a true brother's son, one cherished like a son—yet barriers kept them apart and they never came home; cut off in a fortunate age, both died young. Alas!