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陳書卷二十
Book of Chen, Volume 20
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列傳第十四
Biographies, Part Fourteen
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Dao Zhongju, styled Deyan, came from Wuyuan in Pengcheng. His grandfather Tan had been Qi’s secretariat attendant. His father Qia was a palace attendant under Liang.
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仲舉無他藝業，而立身耿正。 釋褐著作佐郎、太子舍人、王府主簿。 出為長城令，政號廉平。 文帝居鄉里，嘗詣仲舉，時天陰雨，仲舉獨坐齋內，聞城外有簫鼓之聲，俄而文帝至，仲舉異之，乃深自結託。 文帝又嘗因飲，夜宿仲舉帳中，忽有神光五采照于室內，由是祇承益恭。 侯景之亂，仲舉依文帝。 及景平，文帝為吳興郡守，以仲舉為郡丞，與潁川庾持俱為文帝賓客。 文帝為宣毅將軍，以仲舉為長史，尋帶山陰令。 文帝嗣位，授侍中，參掌選事。 天嘉元年，守都官尚書，封寶安縣侯，邑五百戶。 三年，除都官尚書。 其年，遷尚書右僕射、丹陽尹，參掌並如故。 尋改封建昌縣侯。 仲舉既無學術，朝章非所長，選舉引用，皆出自袁樞。 性疏簡，不干涉世務，與朝士無所親狎，但聚財酣飲而已。 六年，秩滿，解尹。
Zhongju had no special craft, but he stood upright in his conduct. He entered service as editorial officer of writings, palace gentleman in attendance, and chief clerk of a princely establishment. Posted as magistrate of Changcheng, he won a name for honest, even rule. While Emperor Wen was still in the countryside he once called on Zhongju. Rain fell under a leaden sky. Zhongju sat alone in his study and heard flutes and drums beyond the wall. Then Emperor Wen arrived. Struck by the omen, Zhongju gave him his deepest trust. Emperor Wen once spent the night in Zhongju’s tent after wine. A five-colored light suddenly filled the room. From then on Zhongju served him with still greater reverence. When Hou Jing rebelled, Zhongju cast his lot with Emperor Wen. After Jing fell, Emperor Wen became administrator of Wu Commandery and made Zhongju his deputy. He and Yu Chi of Yingchuan both served as Emperor Wen’s clients. When Emperor Wen was made general who displays martial resolution, he named Zhongju chief clerk and soon gave him the magistracy of Shanyin as well. When Emperor Wen took the throne, Zhongju was made palace attendant and helped manage appointments. In the first year of Tianjia (560) he was made acting minister of the masters of writing for officials and enfeoffed as Marquis of Bao’an with five hundred households. In the third year he was appointed minister of the masters of writing for officials. That year he was made right vice director of the masters of writing and metropolitan governor of Danyang, with the same role in government as before. Soon his title was changed to Marquis of Jianchang. Zhongju had no learning and court law was not his field. Every appointment came from Yuan Shu. He was spare by nature, kept out of public business, and was close to no courtier. He only hoarded money and drank. In the sixth year his term ended and he left the metropolitan governorship.
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By then Emperor Wen had lain ill for years and no longer ran the realm himself. Everything in the masters of writing went to Zhongju for decision. In the first year of Tiankang (566) he was made palace attendant and vice director of the masters of writing, with the same powers as before. When Emperor Wen grew desperately ill, Zhongju entered to nurse him with medicine. When Emperor Wen died, Emperor Xuan took the testament as director of the masters of writing and entered to govern. Zhongju, with the left assistant Wang Xian and secretariat attendants Liu Shizhi and Yin Bujiu, judged where the court’s hopes lay and sent Bujiu to forge an edict ordering Emperor Xuan back to the Eastern Mansion. When the plot came out, Shizhi was sent to the northern prison and granted death. Xian and Bujiu were handed over for trial. Zhongju was reduced to steadfast-resolution general and grandee with the gold seal and purple ribbon.
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初，仲舉子郁尚文帝妹信義長公主，官至中書侍郎，出為宣城太守，文帝配以士馬，是年遷為南康內史，以國哀未之任。 仲舉既廢居私宅，與郁皆不自安。 時韓子高在都，人馬素盛，郁每乘小輿蒙婦人衣與子高謀。 子高軍主告言其事，高宗收子高、仲舉及郁並付廷尉。 詔曰：「到仲舉庸劣小才，坐叨顯貴，受任前朝，榮寵隆赫，父參王政，子據大邦，禮盛外姻，勢均戚里。 而肆此驕闇，凌慠百司，遏密之初，擅行國政，排黜懿親，欺蔑台羇。 韓子高蕞爾細微，擢自卑末，入參禁衛，委以腹心，蜂蠆有毒，敢行反噬。 仲舉、子高，共為表裏，陰構姦謀，密為異計。 安成王朕之叔父，親莫重焉，受命導揚，稟承顧託，以朕沖弱，屬當保祐。 家國安危，事歸宰輔，伊、周之重，物無異議，將相舊臣，咸知宗仰。 而率聚凶徒，欲相掩襲，屯據東城，進逼崇禮，規樹仲舉，以執國權，陵斥司徒，意在專政，潛結黨附，方危社稷。 賴祖宗之靈，姦謀顯露。 前上虞令陸昉等具告其事，並有據驗，并剋今月七日，縱其凶謀。 領軍將軍明徹，左衛將軍、衛尉卿寶安及諸公等，又並知其事。 二三舋跡，彰於朝野，反道背德，事駭聞見。 今大憝克殲，罪人斯得，並可收付廷尉，肅正刑書。 罪止仲舉父子及子高三人而已，其餘一從曠蕩，並所不問。」 仲舉及郁並於獄賜死，時年五十一。 郁諸男女，以帝甥獲免。
Earlier Zhongju’s son Yu had married Emperor Wen’s sister, the Senior Princess of Xinyi. He rose to attendant gentleman of the secretariat, then went out as administrator of Xuancheng, and Emperor Wen gave him troops and horses. That year he was named interior minister of Nankang but had not yet taken office because of the state mourning. Zhongju, dismissed and living at home, and Yu both felt uneasy. Han Zigao was then in the capital with a large following of men and horses. Yu would ride in a small carriage dressed as a woman to plot with him. One of Zigao’s army commanders reported the affair. Emperor Xuan seized Zigao, Zhongju, and Yu and sent them to the court of trials. An edict declared: “Dao Zhongju is a mediocre man raised by luck. The former court heaped rank on him: father in the government, son in a great commandery, affinal honors as grand as kinship, power to match the imperial clan. Yet he grew arrogant and dark, insulting every office. At the start of the mourning silence he seized the government, drove out worthy kin, and mocked the Terrace. Han Zigao is a nothing raised from the gutter. He entered the palace guard and won the innermost trust, yet like a bee or scorpion he turned to bite. Zhongju and Zigao worked as outer shell and inner core, weaving treason in secret. The Prince of Ancheng is my uncle, the closest of kin. He was charged to guide the state and bear the late emperor’s trust. Because I am young, he should protect me. The realm’s safety belongs to its chief ministers. The weight of Yi and Zhou is beyond dispute. Every old general and minister knows to look to him. Yet they gathered villains for a surprise strike, massed at the Eastern City and pressed Chongli, meant to set up Zhongju and seize power, drive off the minister of works and rule alone, knit secret factions, and were about to endanger the dynasty. Thanks to the ancestors’ spirits, the plot came to light. The former magistrate of Shangyu, Lu Fang, and others laid out the whole affair with proof. They had set the seventh of this month for the crime. Area commander Mingche, left guard general and commandant of the guards Bao’an, and the other dukes knew it as well. Their tracks show in court and country alike. Their treason shocks every eye and ear. Now the great villain is cut down and the guilty taken. Let all be sent to the court of trials and judged by law. Guilt ends with Zhongju, his son, and Zigao—three people only. All others are wholly pardoned and will not be questioned.” Zhongju and Yu were granted death in prison. He was fifty-one. Yu’s sons and daughters were spared as the emperor’s affinal kin.
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Han Zigao came from Shanyin in Kuaiji. His family was very lowborn. During Hou Jing’s rebellion he stayed in the capital. After Jing fell, Emperor Wen went out to hold Wu Commandery. Zigao was sixteen, still wearing the boy’s knot, beautiful as a woman. At Huai Ford he joined a convoy bound home. Emperor Wen saw him and asked, “Will you serve me?” Zigao agreed. His name had been Manzi; Emperor Wen renamed him. He was respectful and careful, always at hand with the belt knife, pouring wine and serving roast meat. Emperor Wen was quick-tempered; Zigao always read his mind. As he grew he learned riding and archery, showed daring, and wanted to be a commander. When Du Kan fell, he was given troops. Emperor Wen doted on him and never let him leave his side. Emperor Wen once dreamed he rode uphill on a perilous path about to fall. Zigao pushed and lifted him up.
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When Emperor Wen campaigned against Zhang Biao, Shen Tai and others had already surrendered. Emperor Wen held the prefectural city, and Zhou Wenyü garrisoned north of the city at Xiang (Yan) Yan Temple. [1] Zhang Biao returned by night from Shan county to storm the city. Emperor Wen slipped out the north gate. In the sudden dark the troops panicked. Wenyü did not know where Emperor Wen was—only Zigao stood beside him. Emperor Wen sent Zigao through the chaos to Wenyü to bring back his orders, then go again in the dark to steady the army. Emperor Wen’s scattered men slowly gathered. Zigao led him into Wenyü’s camp and together they threw up palisades. The next day they fought Biao. Biao’s general Shen Jin surrendered again. [2] Biao fled to Song mountain and eastern Zhe was pacified. Emperor Wen then gave Zigao many of his own followers. Zigao was generous and courteous to officers, and men flocked to him.
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When Emperor Wen took the throne, Han Zigao became General of the Right Army. In Tianjia 1 (560), he was made Viscount of Wenzhao County with a three-hundred-household fief. When Wang Lin reached Zhankou, Zigao guarded the palace precincts. After Wang Lin was pacified, Zigao's command grew. He strongly recommended the officers and soldiers who joined him, and Emperor Wen put them all to use. In the second year, he was promoted to Extra Regular Cavalier Attendant, General of Mighty Valor, and Inspector of Chengzhou. During the campaign against Liu Yi, he accompanied Hou Andu and camped below Taozhi Ridge. Zigao's troops were elite. Commanding a separate camp, he rode alone into the enemy line, where he was wounded on the left side of the neck and half his topknot was cut away. After Liu Yi was pacified, he was appointed Acting with Staff, General of Resolute Constancy, and Administrator of Dongyang. In the fifth year, when Zhang Zhaoda and the others marched from Linchuan against Jin'an, Zigao came over Anquan Ridge to meet them at Jian'an; of all the generals, his men and horses were the strongest. After Jin'an was pacified, he was promoted for merit to Cavalier Attendant for Direct Service, advanced to Earl, and received an additional four hundred households counting the previous grant. In the sixth year, he was summoned as General of the Right Guard and, on reaching the capital, took up station at the Leading Army headquarters. When Emperor Wen fell ill, Zigao attended him and oversaw his medicines. When the Deposed Emperor came to the throne, Zigao became Cavalier Attendant while retaining the Right Guard post, and moved his quarters to Xin'an Monastery.
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When Emperor Xuan entered to govern, Zigao’s military power weighed too heavy. Uneasy, he frequented the Terrace offices and asked to be posted to Heng and Guang. In the eighth month of Guangda year 1 (567), the former magistrate of Shangyu, Lu Fang, and one of Zigao’s army commanders reported a plot to rebel. Emperor Xuan was in the masters of writing office and called the officials to discuss the crown prince. Zigao came at dawn, was seized and sent to the court of trials, and that evening was granted death with Dao Zhongju. He was thirty. His father Yanqing and his brothers and sons were all pardoned. Through Zigao’s favor Yanqing rose to secretariat attendant and magistrate of Shanyin.
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Hua Jiao was from Jiyang in Jinling. His family had served for generations as minor officials. Under Liang, Jiao served as a clerk in the Bibu section of the Department of State Affairs. During Hou Jing's rebellion, he served Wang Wei, an associate of Jing. When Gaozu marched south, Emperor Wen was being held by Jing, and Jiao treated him with great kindness. After Hou Jing was pacified, Emperor Wen became Administrator of Wuxing and made Jiao chief recorder, entrusting much of the military office's grain and silk to him. Jiao was intelligent and diligent in handling records and accounts. When Emperor Wen pacified Du Kan, he assigned Jiao men, horses, armor, and weapons while keeping him as chief recorder. He managed his subordinates with clarity and was good at looking after them. In the aftermath of war and famine, when the people were starving, Jiao shared out clothing and food evenly, and was gradually promoted to magistrate of Jiyang and Shanyin counties. When Emperor Wen took the throne, Jiao was appointed General Who Opens the Distant and General of the Left Army. In Tianjia 1 (560), he was made Earl of Huairen County with a four-hundred-household fief.
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When Wang Lin marched east, Jiao followed Hou Tian to resist him. When Lin fell, Jiao garrisoned Pen city and ran Jiangzhou affairs. Southern prefects and magistrates were often local strongmen who ignored the court. Emperor Wen ordered Jiao to bring them to heel by law. When Wang Lin’s army broke up, his officers and men mostly joined Jiao. In the third year he was given provisional credentials, direct-communication regular attendant, benevolent and martial general, and inspector of Xinzhou’s salary while supervising Jiangzhou. Soon he was ordered to command armies in Xunyang, Taiyuan, Gaotang, and North and South Xincai and was made administrator of Xunyang, keeping his credentials, general’s title, salary, and supervision. Zhou Di rebelled and sent his nephew with hidden troops aboard ship, posing as merchants, to strike Jiao at Pen city. Before they moved, the plot was found out. Jiao sent men against them and took all their ships and weapons. That year Jiao followed area commander Wu Mingche against Di. When Di fell, he was made regular attendant, general who pacifies the south, and administrator of Linchuan, raised to marquis with five hundred households in all. Before he took office he went to court and was given credentials as area commander over Xiang, Ba, and the other provinces and made inspector of Xiangzhou, retaining his attendant and general titles.
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Jiao rose from a petty clerk and knew how to build wealth. The Xiang region yields much, and he sent it all to court—grain, bamboo, timber, and convoys beyond count; As for oil, honey, cured meats, and vegetables—nothing was left unprovided. He also fought the hill peoples and sent bronze drums and captives to the capital in great numbers. When the Deposed Emperor succeeded, Jiao was made general who pacifies the south and re-enfeoffed as Marquis of Chong’an [4] with one thousand five hundred households. Emperor Wen, since Xiangzhou furnished fir for ships, ordered Jiao to build more than two hundred Golden-Wing great ships and all river-war gear, intending to enter the Han and the gorges.
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After Zigao’s death Jiao grew uneasy, armored men and gathered followers, and lavished gifts on his subordinate officials. Emperor Xuan repeatedly ordered him to send the Golden-Wing great ships. Jiao stalled and would not deliver. In the first year of Guangda (567) he secretly asked for Guangzhou to test the court’s mind. Emperor Xuan pretended to agree, but no edict had yet gone out. Jiao also sent envoys to draw in Northern Zhou troops and set up Xiao Kui as his sovereign. His army grew very large. An edict then named Wu Mingche inspector of Xiangzhou, intending in truth to strike Jiao with a light force. Fearing Jiao would move first, they sent Mingche with thirty thousand men in Golden-Wing ships straight for Yingzhou, and pacifying-the-army grand general Chunyu Liang with fifty thousand in great ships behind him, and ordered provisional-credentials crowned-with-martiality general Yang Wentong by a separate route from An (Cheng) Cheng by the foot-path through Chaling, [5] and ordered Bashan administrator Huang Fahui from Yiyang through Liling for a surprise blow, together with Jiangzhou inspector Zhang Zhaoda, Yingzhou inspector Cheng Lingxi, and others to plan the suppression.
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是時蕭巋遣水軍為皎聲援。 周武又遣其弟衛國公宇文直率眾屯魯山，又遣其柱國長胡公拓跋定人馬三萬，攻圍郢州。 蕭巋授皎司空，巴州刺史戴僧朔，衡陽內史任蠻奴，巴陵內史潘智虔，岳陽太守章昭裕， （杜） 桂陽太守曹宣，[6]湘東太守錢明，並隸於皎。 又長沙太守曹慶等本隸皎下，因為之用。 帝恐上流宰守並為皎扇惑，乃下詔曰：「賊皎輿皂微賤，特逢獎擢，任據藩牧，屬當寵寄，背斯造育，興構姦謀，樹立蕭氏，盟約彰露，鴆毒存心，志危宗社，扇結邊境，驅逼士庶，蟻聚巴、湘，豕突鄢、郢，逆天反地，人神忿嫉。 征南將軍量、安南將軍明徹、郢州刺史靈洗，受律專征，備盡心力，撫勞驍雄，舟師俱進，義烈爭奮，凶惡奔殄，獻捷相望，重氛載廓，言念泣罪，思與惟新。 可曲赦湘、巴二州：凡厥為賊所逼制，預在凶黨，悉皆不問； 其賊主帥節 （相） 將，[7]並許開恩出首，一同曠蕩。」
Xiao Kui then sent a river fleet to support Jiao. Emperor Wu of Zhou also sent his brother the Duke of Weiguo, Yuwen Zhi, to camp at Lushan, and his pillar of state Tuoba Ding with thirty thousand troops to besiege Yingzhou. Xiao Kui made Jiao minister of works and set Dai Sengshuo over Ba, Ren Mannu over Hengyang, Pan Zhiquan over Baling, and Zhang Zhaoyu over Yueyang; (Du) Guiyang administrator Cao Xuan, [6] Xiangdong administrator Qian Ming, and others—all under Jiao’s command. Changsha administrator Cao Qing and others had already been Jiao’s men and now served him. The emperor feared upstream governors would side with Jiao and issued an edict: “The traitor Jiao rose from cart and stable. Promoted by chance to a frontier post, he should have been grateful. Instead he rebelled, enthroned the Xiao line, sealed open pacts, and aimed at the dynasty. He stirred the borders, drove the people, swarmed Ba and Xiang like ants, and charged Yan and Ying like boars—heaven and earth alike revile him. Campaigning-south general Liang, pacifying-south general Mingche, and Yingzhou inspector Lingxi took the law and marched with all their strength, heartening the brave as the fleets advanced together. Valor flared, the wicked were crushed, victory reports came in waves, and the foul air cleared. In judging guilt I look to renewal. Let Xiang and Ba be partly pardoned: all who were forced into the rebel ranks and joined the guilty faction shall go unquestioned; their rebel chieftains, commanders, and (xiang) generals [7] may all surrender with clemency and share in a general amnesty."
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Earlier an edict had also sent Xu Du, minister of works, with Yang Wentong and others out from Ancheng overland through eastern Xiang to hit Jiao from behind. Jiao then held his line at White Snail in Ba commandery, his ships drawn up against the imperial fleet in an unresolved standoff. Learning that Xu Du was marching on Xiangzhou, he took his army down from Ba and Ying with a fair wind and joined battle. Chunyu Liang and Wu Mingche raised small boats from the ranks, paid them well in gold and silver, and sent them out first to take the enemy great ships' ramming blows. Once the rebel ships had spent their rams, the imperial great ships rammed them; every rebel vessel was broken and went down mid-river. The rebels then packed great ships with fuel and tried to burn the fleet downwind; the wind swung back and set their own ships ablaze, and they were routed. Jiao fled with Dai Sengshuo in one boat; at Baling he dared not enter the walls and ran straight for Jiangling. Tuoba Ding and his men had no ships to cross with and marched on Baling on foot; the Baling towns were already in imperial hands, so they headed for Xiangzhou. At the river mouth they could not get across; with provisions almost gone they came in and surrendered. More than ten thousand prisoners and four thousand-odd horses were sent to the capital. Jiao's followers Cao Qing, Qian Ming, Pan Zhiquan, Lu Xian, Xi Huilüe, and more than forty others were put to death; only Ren Mannu, Zhang Zhaoyu, Cao Xuan, and Liu Guangye were pardoned.
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Dai Sengshuo was from Qiantang in Wu commandery. Powerful, bold, and a capable fighter, he was much favored by his kinsman Sengxi, right general. As Sengxi aged, he regularly put Sengshuo in command on campaign. He earned merit in the campaign that pacified Wang Lin. After Sengxi's death he replaced him as administrator of South Danyang and held Caishi. Campaigning against Liu Yi, Hou Andu fought the enemy below the cliff and was wounded; Sengshuo went in alone on foot with one sword to pull him out. For this he was made trustworthy-martial general and inspector of North Jiangzhou, and also administrator of Nanling. He campaigned again against Zhou Di with merit, was moved to administrator of Ba commandery, and kept his staff and general's rank. He then rebelled with Jiao and was executed at Jiangling.
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Cao Qing had been one of Wang Lin's generals; the puppet ruler Xiao Zhuang made him left guard general and inspector of Wu commandery, ranking below Pan Chuntuo. After Lin's defeat Emperor Wen placed him under Jiao; he rose to administrator of Changsha. Qian Ming had once been a chief commander under the Founder and later held several posts as prefect in the Xiang region. Pan Zhiquan was Chuntuo's son—spirited from youth and made inner administrator of Baling at twenty. Lu Xian was from Qiantang in Wu commandery. Xi Huilüe was from Anding. Xian had served Zhang Biao as chief commander and Huilüe had been under Wang Lin; Emperor Wen gave both to Jiao, and each became a commandery governor. All were put to death.
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The historian writes: Han Zigao and Hua Jiao were trifling men of humble birth, yet Emperor Wen—seeing how past ages chose talent and how pressing his own troubles were—used sharp judgment and policies that calmed the realm, and gave them his full trust without asking after their pedigrees. Jiao had long served him closely [8], had shared danger, and showed he had nothing to hide; the emperor repaid him with full trust—grounds for confidence, not for doubt. Jiao held the upper river and had been loyal to Emperor Wen. Dao Zhongju and Zigao, too, had not failed in subject's duty.