1
陳書卷二十一
Book of Chen, Volume 21
2
列傳第十五
Biographies, Part Fifteen
3
謝哲蕭乾謝嘏張種王固孔奐蕭允弟引
Xie Zhe; Xiao Gan; Xie Geng; Zhang Zhong; Wang Gu; Kong Huan; Xiao Yun, with his younger brother Yin cited
4
謝哲字穎豫，陳郡陽夏人也。 祖朏，梁司徒。 父譓，梁右光祿大夫。
Xie Zhe, styled Yingyu, came from Yangxia in Chen commandery. His grandfather Tian had been Liang's minister of works. His father Yue was a right grandee with the gold seal and purple ribbon under Liang.
5
哲美風儀，舉止醞藉，而襟情豁然，為士君子所重。 起家梁祕書郎，累遷廣陵太守。 侯景之亂，以母老因寓居廣陵，高祖自京口渡江應接郭元建，哲乃委質，深被敬重。 高祖為〔南〕徐州刺史，[1]表哲為長史。 荊州陷，高祖使哲奉表於晉安王勸進。 敬帝承制徵為給事黃門侍郎，領步兵校尉。 貞陽侯僭位，以哲為通直散騎常侍，侍東宮。 敬帝即位，遷長兼侍中。 高祖受命，遷都官尚書、豫州大中正、吏部尚書。 出為明威將軍、晉陵太守，入為中書令。 世祖嗣位，為太子詹事。 出為明威將軍、衡陽內史，秩中二千石。 遷長沙太守，將軍、加秩如故。 還除散騎常侍、中書令。 廢帝即位，以本官領前將軍。 高宗為錄尚書，引為侍中、仁威將軍、司徒左長史。 未拜，光大元年卒，時年五十九。 贈侍中、中書監，謚康子。
Zhe was handsome and graceful in manner, with a temperament open and clear; men of worth held him in esteem. He entered service as a secretariat gentleman of Liang and rose step by step to administrator of Guangling. During Hou Jing's rebellion his mother was old, so he stayed at Guangling. When the Founder crossed from Jingkou to join Guo Yuanjian, Zhe pledged himself to him and won deep regard. When the Founder was governor of Southern Xuzhou,[1] he memorialized Zhe as chief clerk. After Jingzhou fell, the Founder sent Zhe to the Prince of Jin'an with a memorial urging him to take the throne. Emperor Jing, exercising the regency, summoned him as supervising attendant in the Yellow Gate and made him colonel of foot soldiers as well. When the Marquis of Zhenyang seized the throne, he named Zhe regular attendant of the direct and upright scattered cavalry and attendant to the eastern palace. When Emperor Jing succeeded, Zhe was promoted to chief clerk with concurrent appointment as palace attendant. When the Founder took the Mandate, Zhe became minister of the masters of writing for revenue, metropolitan governor of Yuzhou, and minister of the masters of writing for officials. He went out as clear martial general and administrator of Jinling, then returned to court as director of the secretariat. When Emperor Wen succeeded, he was made mentor to the heir apparent. He was posted as clear martial general and interior administrator of Hengyang, with salary of middle two thousand dan. He was moved to administrator of Changsha, keeping his general's title and augmented salary unchanged. Recalled to court, he was made regular attendant of the scattered cavalry and director of the secretariat. When the Deposed Emperor succeeded, Zhe kept his offices and was also made to lead the vanguard general. When Emperor Xuan oversaw the masters of writing, he brought Zhe in as palace attendant, humane martial general, and left chief clerk to the minister of works. He died in Guangda year 1 (567) before he could assume the post, at the age of fifty-nine. He was posthumously made palace attendant and overseer of the secretariat, with the posthumous title Kangzi.
6
蕭乾字思惕，蘭陵人也。 祖嶷，齊丞相豫章文獻王。 父子範，梁祕書監。
Xiao Gan, styled Siti, came from Lanling. His grandfather Yi was chancellor of Qi and Prince Wenxian of Yuzhang. His father Zifan was director of the secretariat under Liang.
7
乾容止雅正，性恬簡，善隸書，得叔父子雲之法。 年九歲，召補國子周易生，梁司空袁昂時為祭酒，深敬重之。 十五，舉明經。 釋褐東中郎湘東王法曹參軍，遷太子舍人。 建安侯蕭正立出鎮南豫州，又板錄事參軍。 累遷中軍宣城王中錄事諮議參軍。 侯景平，高祖鎮南徐州，引乾為貞威將軍、司空從事中郎。 遷中書侍郎、太子家令。
Gan was elegant and correct in deportment, quiet and spare by nature. He excelled at clerical script and mastered the hand of his cousin Ziyun. At nine he was called to fill a vacancy as a National University student in the Zhou Changes. Yuan Ang of Liang, then director of the university in his capacity as minister of works, held him in deep regard. At fifteen he passed the classics licentiate examination. He left common status as law-office aide on the Prince of Xiangdong's eastern headquarters staff, then rose to attendant in the heir apparent's household. When the Marquis of Jian'an, Xiao Zhengli, took up his post in South Yuzhou, Gan was again commissioned recording secretary. He rose step by step to central recording secretary and advisory aide on the Prince of Xuancheng's staff in the central army. After Hou Jing fell, the Founder held South Xuzhou and brought Gan in as trustworthy martial general and attendant gentleman on the minister of works staff. He was promoted to secretariat gentleman and director of the heir apparent's household.
8
謝嘏字含茂，陳郡陽夏人也。 祖瀹，齊金紫光祿大夫。 父舉，梁中衛將軍、開府儀同三司。
Xie Geng, styled Hanmao, came from Yangxia in Chen commandery. His grandfather Yao was a grandee with the gold seal and purple ribbon under Qi. His father Ju was central guard general and a general with staff equal in ceremony to the three excellencies under Liang.
9
二子儼、 （伸） 〔伷〕。 [3]儼官至散騎常侍、侍中、御史中丞、太常卿，出監東揚州。 禎明二年卒於會稽，贈中護軍。
He had two sons, Yan and (shen) Zhou. [3] Yan rose to regular attendant of the scattered cavalry, palace attendant, censor-in-chief, and minister of ceremonies, and went out as overseer of East Yangzhou. He died at Kuaiji in Zhenming year 2 (583) and was posthumously made central guardian general.
10
張種字士苗，吳郡人也。 祖辯，宋司空右長史、廣州刺史。 父略，梁太子中庶子、臨海太守。
Zhang Zhong, styled Shimiao, came from Wu commandery. His grandfather Bian was right chief clerk to Song's minister of works and administrator of Guangzhou. His father Lue was junior mentor in the heir apparent's household under Liang and administrator of Linhai.
11
種少恬靜，居處雅正，不妄交遊，傍無造請，時人為之語曰：「宋稱敷、演，梁則卷、充。 清虛學尚，種有其風。」 仕梁王府法曹，遷外兵參軍，以父憂去職。 服闋，為中軍宣城王府主簿。 種時年四十餘，家貧，求為始豐令，入除中衛西昌侯府西曹掾。 時武陵王為益州刺史，重選府僚，以種為征西東曹掾，種辭以母老，抗表陳請，為有司所奏，坐黜免。
From youth Zhong was quiet and still, correct in his home and bearing, and would not court company idly. No one forced his door. People said, "Song praised Fu and Yan; under Liang it was Juan and Chong. In the love of purity and emptiness, Zhong carries that spirit." He served in a Liang prince's law office, rose to external military aide, and resigned when his father died. After mourning he became chief secretary on the Prince of Xuancheng's staff in the central army. Zhong was then past forty and poor at home, so he sought the magistracy of Shifeng. He entered court as western bureau aide on the Marquis of Xichang's staff in the central guard. The Prince of Wuling was then inspector of Yizhou and chose his staff carefully. He named Zhong eastern bureau aide on the campaign-west staff, but Zhong pleaded an aged mother, protested in a memorial, was impeached, and was removed from office.
12
侯景之亂，種奉其母東奔，久之得達鄉里。 俄而母卒，種時年五十，而毀瘠過甚，又迫以凶荒，未獲時葬，服制雖畢，而居處飲食，恆若在喪。 及景平，司徒王僧辯以狀 （奉） 〔奏〕聞，[4]起為貞威將軍、治中從事史，并為具葬禮，葬訖，種方即吉。 僧辯又以種年老，傍無胤嗣，賜之以妾，及居處之具。
In Hou Jing's rebellion Zhong fled east with his mother and only after long hardship reached home. His mother soon died. Zhong was fifty, wasted beyond measure by grief, and famine kept him from a timely burial. When the mourning term ended, he still ate and lived as though the coffin had not left the house. After Jing fell, Minister of Works Wang Sengbian reported the facts (present) and memorialized to the throne.[4] Zhong was raised to trustworthy martial general and directing secretary. Sengbian also furnished the full funeral. Only when the burial was done did Zhong lay mourning aside. Because Zhong was old and childless, Sengbian also gave him a concubine and furnishings for his home.
13
種沈深虛靜，而識量宏博，時人皆以為宰相之器。 僕射徐陵嘗抗表讓位於種曰：「臣種器懷沈密，文史優裕，東南貴秀，朝庭親賢，克壯其猷，宜居左執。」 其為時所推重如此。 太建五年卒，時年七十，贈特進，諡曰元子。
Zhong was deep, still, and inwardly empty, yet his judgment and reach were broad. All who knew him took him for a future chief minister. Vice Director Xu Ling once memorialized to yield his seat to Zhong: "Zhong's gifts are deep and close-held, his command of letters and histories ample. He is a fine scion of the southeast and a man the court should cherish. He can fortify the state's designs and rightly should hold the left hand." Such was the esteem in which his age held him. He died in Taijian year 5 (573), aged seventy, and was posthumously made special advancement with the title Yuanzi.
14
種仁恕寡欲，雖歷居顯位，而家產屢空，終日晏然，不以為病。 太建初，女為始興王妃，以居處僻陋，特賜宅一區，又累賜無錫、嘉興縣侯秩。 [5]嘗於無錫見有重囚在獄，天寒，呼出曝日，遂失之，世祖大笑，而不深責。 有集十四卷。
Zhong was humane, forgiving, and wanting little. Though he long held high office, his house was often bare, yet he remained easy all day and did not call it hardship. Early in Taijian his daughter married the Prince of Shixing. Because her quarters were poor and remote, the court granted her a house and repeatedly gave her a county marquis's stipend from Wuxi and Jiaxing. [5] Once at Wuxi he saw a heavily shackled prisoner in jail. The day was cold, and he had the man brought out to warm in the sun; the prisoner escaped. Emperor Wen laughed and did not punish him harshly. He left collected works in fourteen juan.
15
種弟稜，亦清靜有識度，官至司徒左長史，太建十一年卒，時年七十，贈光祿大夫。
Zhong's younger brother Ling was likewise still and discerning. He rose to left chief clerk to the minister of works, died in Taijian year 11 (579) at seventy, and was posthumously made grandee with the gold seal and purple ribbon.
16
種族子稚才，齊護軍 （孫） 沖之〔孫〕。 [6]少孤介特立，仕為尚書金部郎中。 遷右丞，建康令、太舟卿、[7]揚州別駕從事史，兼散騎常侍。 使于周，還為司農、廷尉卿。 所歷並以清白稱。
Zhong's clansman Zhi Cai was grandson of (grandson) Sun Chongzhi, protector-general of Qi. [6] Orphaned early, he stood alone and upright. He served as director of the gold bureau in the masters of writing. He rose to right assistant director, magistrate of Jiankang, commissioner of the grand fleet,[7] directing attendant of Yangzhou, and concurrent regular attendant of the scattered cavalry. Sent on embassy to Zhou, he returned to be minister of agriculture and minister of justice. Every office he held won him a name for clean conduct.
17
廢帝即位，授侍中、金紫光祿大夫。 時高宗輔政，固以廢帝外戚，妳媼恆往來禁中，頗宣密旨，事洩，比將伏誅，[8]高宗以固本無兵權，且居處清潔，止免所居官，禁錮。
When the Deposed Emperor succeeded, he was made palace attendant and grandee with the gold seal and purple ribbon. Emperor Xuan was then regent. Gu, as the Deposed Emperor's kin by marriage, had wet nurses passing in and out of the inner palace who often carried secret orders. When the plot came out they were nearly executed,[8] but Emperor Xuan judged that Gu had no troops at his back and lived cleanly, so he only stripped his offices and confined him.
18
太建二年，隨例為招遠將軍、宣惠豫章王諮議參軍。 遷太中大夫、太常卿、南徐州大中正。 七年，卒官，時年六十三。 贈金紫光祿大夫。 喪事所須，隨由資給。 至德二年改葬，謚曰恭子。
In Taijian year 2 (574), by the usual rule, he was made inviting-from-afar general and advisory aide to the Prince of Yuzhang, Xuanhui. He was promoted to grand master of the palace, minister of ceremonies, and metropolitan governor of South Xuzhou. In the seventh year he died in office, aged sixty-three. He was posthumously made grandee with the gold seal and purple ribbon. Whatever the funeral required was furnished as need arose. In Zhide year 2 (584) he was reburied and given the posthumous title Gongzi.
19
固清虛寡欲，居喪以孝聞。 又崇信佛法，及丁所生母憂，遂終身蔬食，夜則坐禪，晝誦佛經，兼習成實論義，而於玄言非所長。 嘗聘于西魏，因宴饗之際，請停殺一羊，羊於固前跪拜。 又宴於昆明池，魏人以南人嗜魚，大設罟網，固以佛法呪之，遂一鱗不獲。
Gu was pure, spare, and wanting little, and won fame for filial mourning. He also devoutly followed the Buddhist teaching. After mourning for his birth mother he ate only vegetables for life, meditated by night, recited sutras by day, and studied the Chengshi commentarial tradition, but excelled little in Dark Learning talk. On embassy to Western Wei, at a banquet he asked that a sheep slated for slaughter be spared; the sheep knelt and bowed before him. At another feast on Kunming Pool the Wei hosts, knowing southerners relish fish, spread great nets. Gu chanted Buddhist spells, and not one fish was caught.
20
子寬，官至司徒左長史、侍中。
His son Kuan rose to left chief clerk to the minister of works and palace attendant.
21
孔奐字休文，會稽山陰人也。 曾祖琇之，齊左民尚書、吳興太守。 祖臶，太子舍人、尚書三公郎。 父稚孫，梁寧遠枝江公主簿、無錫令。
Kong Huan, styled Xiuwen, came from Shanyin in Kuaiji. His great-grandfather Xiuzhi was left minister of the people under Qi and administrator of Wuxing. His grandfather Tai was attendant in the heir apparent's household and gentleman in the three excellencies bureau of the masters of writing. His father Zhisun was registrar to the Princess of Zhijiang, branch of Ningyuan, under Liang, and magistrate of Wuxi.
22
奐數歲而孤，為叔父虔孫所養。 好學，善屬文，經史百家，莫不通涉。 沛國劉顯時稱學府，每共奐討論，深相歎服，乃執奐手曰：「昔伯喈墳素悉與仲宣，吾當希彼蔡君，足下無愧王氏。」 所保書籍，尋以相付。
Huan lost his father when he was only a few years old and was raised by his uncle Qiansun. He loved learning and wrote well. Classics, histories, and the hundred schools alike lay open to him. Liu Xian of Pei, then hailed as a treasury of learning, debated with Huan and came away deeply impressed. He took Huan's hand and said, "Once Cai Yong's tomb classics all passed to Wang Can. I would match that Lord Cai; you need not blush before the Wang house." The books he had held in trust he soon entrusted to Huan.
23
州舉秀才，射策高第。 起家揚州主簿、宣惠湘東王行參軍，並不就。 又除鎮西湘東王外兵參軍，入為尚書倉部郎中，遷儀曹侍郎。 時左民郎沈炯為飛書所謗，將陷重辟，事連臺閣，人懷憂懼，奐廷議理之，竟得明白。 丹陽尹何敬容以奐剛正，請補功曹史。 出為南昌侯相，值侯景亂，不之官。
The province nominated him as outstanding talent, and he placed high in the archery-and-writing examination. He was first named chief secretary of Yangzhou and mobile aide on the Prince of Xuanhui of Xiangdong's staff, but refused both posts. He was again named external military aide on the campaign-west staff of the Prince of Xiangdong, entered court as director of the granary bureau, and rose to gentleman in the ceremonies bureau. When the left minister of the people, Gentleman Shen Jiong, was attacked by an anonymous memorial and faced a capital charge, the affair implicated the terrace offices and everyone was afraid. Huan argued the case in open court and at last cleared him. He Jingrong, metropolitan governor of Danyang, finding Huan upright and firm, asked to have him made merit officer. He was posted as chancellor to the Marquis of Nanchang, but when Hou Jing rebelled he never took up the office.
24
京城陷，朝士並被拘縶，或薦奐於賊帥侯子鑒，子鑒命脫桎梏，厚遇之，令掌書記。 時景軍士悉恣其凶威，子鑒景之腹心，委任又重，朝士見者，莫不卑俯屈折，奐獨敖然自若，無所下。 或諫奐曰：「當今亂世，人思苟免，獯羯無知，豈可抗之以義？」 奐曰：「吾性命有在，雖未能死，豈可取媚凶醜，以求全乎？」 時賊徒剝掠子女，拘逼士庶，奐每保持之，得全濟者甚眾。
When the capital fell, court gentlemen were seized; someone recommended Huan to the rebel commander Hou Zijian. Zijian had his bonds removed, treated him well, and made him keep the secretarial records. Jing's soldiers ran riot; Zijian, his trusted confidant, held heavy authority. Every court gentleman who met him bowed and cringed; Huan alone stood proudly at ease and would not yield. Someone warned Huan: "In this chaotic age everyone only wants to survive; the barbarians know no right—how can you resist them with principle?" Huan said, "My life is already in fate's hands; though I may not die yet, how could I flatter vicious men to save myself?" The rebels looted families and pressed the gentry; Huan shielded them again and again, and a great many were saved.
25
尋遭母憂，哀毀過禮。 時天下喪亂，皆不能終三年之喪，唯奐及吳國張種，在寇亂中守持法度，並以孝聞。
He soon lost his mother and mourned beyond what the rites allowed. The realm was in chaos and almost no one could keep three-year mourning; only Huan and Zhang Zhong of Wu, amid the raids, held to the rites and won a name for filial piety.
26
高祖作相，除司徒右長史，遷給事黃門侍郎。 齊遣東方老、蕭軌等來寇，軍至後湖，都邑搔擾，又四方壅隔，糧運不繼，三軍取給，唯在京師，乃除奐為貞威將軍、建康令。 時累歲兵荒，戶口流散，勍敵忽至，徵求無所，高祖剋日決戰，乃令奐多營麥飯，以荷葉裹之，一宿之閒，得數萬裹，軍人旦食訖，棄其餘，因而決戰，遂大破賊。
When the Founder was chancellor, Huan became right chief clerk of the minister of education, then attendant gentleman of the Yellow Gate for presenting matters. Qi sent Dongfang Lao, Xiao Gui, and others to invade. Their army reached Rear Lake, the capital was in turmoil, and supplies from every quarter were cut off. The armies fed only from the capital region, so Huan was made zhenwei general and magistrate of Jiankang. After years of war and famine the population had scattered and a powerful enemy was at the gates, yet nothing could be levied. The Founder fixed a day for battle and had Huan prepare tens of thousands of barley-ration bundles wrapped in lotus leaves overnight. The troops ate at dawn, threw away the rest, fought, and routed the enemy.
27
高祖受禪，遷太子中庶子。 永定二年，除晉陵太守。 晉陵自宋、齊以來，舊為大郡，雖經寇擾，猶為全實，前後二千石多行侵暴，奐清白自守，妻子並不之官，唯以單船臨郡，所得秩俸，隨即分贍孤寡，郡中大悅，號曰「神君」。 曲阿富人殷綺，見奐居處素儉，乃餉衣一襲，氈被一具。 奐曰：「太守身居美祿，何為不能辦此，但民有未周，不容獨享溫飽耳。 勞卿厚意，幸勿為煩。」
When the Founder took the throne, Huan was made attendant of the crown prince. In Yongding year 2 (558) he was made administrator of Jinling. Jinling had been a great commandery since Song and Qi days; though raided, it was still comparatively intact. Earlier administrators had mostly been brutal; Huan lived cleanly, left wife and children at home, and entered the commandery in one small boat. He gave his salary at once to orphans and widows, and the commandery hailed him as the Spirit Lord. Yin Qi, a wealthy man of Qu'e, saw how plainly Huan lived and sent him a suit of clothes and a felt quilt. Huan said, "The administrator enjoys a fine salary and could easily afford these himself, but the people are not yet cared for; he cannot keep comfort to himself alone. I thank you for your kindness; please give yourself no further trouble."
28
初，世祖在吳中，聞奐善政，及踐祚，徵為御史中丞，領揚州大中正。 奐性剛直，善持理，多所糾劾，朝廷甚敬憚之。 深達治體，每所敷奏，上未嘗不稱善，百司滯事，皆付奐決之。 遷散騎常侍，領步兵校尉，中書舍人，掌詔誥，揚、東揚二州大中正。 天嘉四年，重除御史中丞，尋為五兵尚書，常侍、中正如故。 時世祖不豫，臺閣眾事，並令僕射到仲舉共奐決之。 及世祖疾篤，奐與高宗及仲舉并吏部尚書袁樞、中書舍人劉師知等入侍醫藥。 世祖嘗謂奐等曰：「今三方鼎峙，生民未乂，四海事重，宜須長君。 朕欲近則晉成，遠隆殷法，卿等須遵此意。」 奐乃流涕歔欷而對曰：「陛下御膳違和，痊復非久，皇太子春秋鼎盛，聖德日躋，安成王介弟之尊，足為周旦，阿衡宰輔，若有廢立之心，臣等愚誠，不敢聞詔。」 世祖曰：「古之遺直，復見於卿。」 天康元年，乃用奐為太子詹事，二州中正如故。
Earlier, while Emperor Wen was in Wu, he heard of Huan's good rule; on taking the throne he summoned him as imperial censor-in-chief and grand arbiter of Yangzhou. Huan was stern and upright, skilled at principle, and impeached many; the court respected and feared him. He understood governance deeply; the emperor always praised his memorials, and stalled business of every office was sent to Huan for decision. He was made regular attendant of the scattered cavalry, colonel of the footsoldiers, secretariat drafter in charge of edicts, and grand arbiter of Yang and East Yang. In Tianjia year 4 (563) he was again imperial censor-in-chief, then minister of the five armies while keeping his attendant and arbiter posts. When Emperor Wen fell ill, all secretariat business was entrusted to Vice Director Dao Zhongju and Huan together. When Emperor Wen grew critically ill, Huan entered with Emperor Xuan, Zhongju, Yuan Shu, minister of personnel, Liu Shizhi, secretariat drafter, and others to tend his medicine. Emperor Wen once told Huan and the others, "The three realms stand divided; the people are not yet at peace; the empire needs a mature ruler. I mean, in the near case to follow Jin Emperor Cheng, and in the distant case to exalt Yin succession law—you must heed this intent." Huan wept as he answered, "Your Majesty's illness is not lasting; recovery is near. The crown prince is young and full of promise. The Prince of Ancheng has a younger brother's standing and could be a Duke of Zhou, an Yi Yin at court. If anyone thinks of deposing and establishing, we in our foolish loyalty dare not hear such an order." Emperor Wen said, "The straight remnant of antiquity—I see it again in you." In the first year of Tiankang (566) he was made grand tutor of the crown prince, retaining his grand arbiter posts in the two provinces.
29
世祖崩，廢帝即位，除散騎常侍、國子祭酒。 光大二年，出為信武將軍、南中郎康樂侯長史、尋陽太守，行江州事。 高宗即位，進號仁威將軍、雲麾始興王長史，餘並如故。 奐在職清儉，多所規正，高宗嘉之，賜米五百斛，并累降敕書殷勤勞問。 太建三年，徵為度支尚書，領右軍將軍。 五年，改領太子中庶子，與左僕射徐陵參掌尚書五條事。 六年，遷吏部尚書。 七年，加散騎常侍。 八年，改加侍中。 時有事北討，剋復淮、泗，徐、豫酋長，降附相繼，封賞選敘，紛紜重疊，奐應接引進，門無停賓。 加以鑒識人物，詳練百氏，凡所甄拔，衣冠縉紳，莫不悅伏。
When Emperor Wen died and the Deposed Emperor succeeded, Huan was made scattered-cavalry regular attendant and director of the national university. In Guangda year 2 (567) he was sent out as xinwu general, chief clerk to the southern central commander and Marquis of Kangle, administrator of Xunyang, and acting governor of Jiangzhou. When Emperor Xuan succeeded, Huan was promoted to renwei general and chief clerk to the cloud-banner Prince of Shixing; the rest of his posts stayed the same. Huan served cleanly and frugally and corrected many abuses; Emperor Xuan praised him, gave five hundred hu of grain, and repeatedly sent edicts of warm inquiry. In Taijian year 3 (571) he was recalled as minister of revenue and right army general. In year 5 he was made attendant of the crown prince and with Left Vice Director Xu Ling jointly handled the five articles of the masters of writing. In year 6 he was made minister of personnel. In year 7 he was given the added title scattered-cavalry regular attendant. In year 8 he was made attendant-in-ordinary. During the northern campaign, when Huai and Si were recovered and Xu and Yu chiefs surrendered one after another, rewards and appointments piled up; Huan received and advanced them, and his gate never stood empty. He also judged men well and knew the great families thoroughly; every gentry man he chose submitted gladly.
30
性耿介，絕請託，雖儲副之尊，公侯之重，溺情相及，終不為屈。 始興王叔陵之在湘州，累諷有司，固求台鉉。 奐曰：「羇章之職，本以德舉，未必皇枝。」 因抗言於高宗。 高宗曰：「始興那忽望公，且朕兒為公，須在鄱陽王後。」 奐曰：「臣之所見，亦如聖旨。」 後主時在東宮，欲以江總為太子詹事，令管記陸瑜言之於奐。 奐謂瑜曰：「江有潘、陸之華，而無園、綺之實，輔弼儲宮，竊有所難。」 瑜具以白後主，後主深以為恨，乃自言於高宗。 高宗將許之，奐乃奏曰：「江總文華之人，今皇太子文華不少，豈藉於總！ 如臣愚見，願選敦重之才，以居輔導。」 帝曰：「即如卿言，誰當居此？」 奐曰：「都官尚書王廓，世有懿德，識性敦敏，可以居之。」 後主時亦在側，乃曰：「廓王泰之子，不可居太子詹事。」 奐又奏曰：「宋朝范廚即范泰之子，亦為太子詹事，前代不疑。」 後主固爭之，帝卒以總為詹事，由是忤旨。 其梗正如此。
By nature he was unyielding and refused all private requests; neither the heir's rank nor the weight of dukes and marquises could make him bend. While Prince Shixing, Shuling, was in Xiangzhou, he repeatedly pressed the offices and demanded capital ministerial posts. Huan said, "Capital memorial-review posts are raised by virtue and need not go to imperial kin." He then spoke boldly to Emperor Xuan. Emperor Xuan said, "How could Shixing suddenly want such a post? Even if my son held it, he would rank after the Prince of Poyang." Huan said, "What I see agrees with Your Majesty's intent." Houzhu was then in the eastern palace and wanted Jiang Zong as grand tutor; he had recorder Lu Yu raise it with Huan. Huan told Yu, "Jiang has Pan Yue and Lu Ji's brilliance, but not Qiuyuan and Chaofu's solid worth; as tutor to the heir I find it hard to approve." Yu reported this fully to Houzhu, who deeply resented it and then spoke to Emperor Xuan himself. Emperor Xuan was about to agree when Huan memorialized: "Jiang Zong is a literary man, but the crown prince already has brilliance enough—why need Zong? In my humble view, choose a man of solid weight for the tutor's post." The emperor said, "If that is so, who should hold it?" Huan said, "Wang Kuo, minister of justice, comes from a family of fine virtue and is solid and quick in judgment—he can hold it." Houzhu, who was also present, said, "Kuo is Wang Tai's son—he cannot be grand tutor." Huan memorialized again: "Under Liu Song, Fan Chu, Fan Tai's son, was grand tutor, and earlier ages raised no objection." Houzhu argued stubbornly; the emperor finally made Zong grand tutor, and Huan fell foul of the throne. His unyielding character was like this.
31
子紹薪、紹忠。 紹忠字孝揚，亦有才學，官至太子洗馬、儀同鄱陽王東曹掾。
His sons were Shaoxin and Shaozhong. Shaozhong, styled Xiaoyang, was also talented and learned; he rose to crown prince attendant and eastern staff officer to the Prince of Poyang, equal in rank to the three dukes.
32
蕭允字 （升） 〔叔〕佐，[9]蘭陵人也。 曾祖思話，宋征西將軍、開府儀同三司、尚書右僕射，[10]封陽穆公。 [11]祖惠蒨，散騎常侍、太府卿、左民尚書。 父介。 梁侍中、都官尚書。
Xiao Yun styled (Sheng) [Uncle] Zuo [9] was from Lanling. His great-grandfather Sihua was Song's western campaigning general, bearer of the staff with equal court ceremony to the three dukes, and right vice director of the masters of writing [10], enfeoffed as Duke Yangmu. [11] His grandfather Huilian was scattered-cavalry regular attendant, director of the imperial household treasury, and minister of the left for the people. His father was Jie. Under Liang he was palace attendant and minister of justice.
33
允少知名，風神凝遠，通達有識鑒，容止醞藉，動合規矩。 起家邵陵王法曹參軍，轉湘東王主簿，遷太子洗馬。 侯景攻陷臺城，百僚奔散，允獨整衣冠坐于宮坊，景軍人敬而弗之逼也。 尋出居京口。 時寇賊縱橫，百姓波駭，衣冠士族，四出奔散，允獨不行。 人問其故，允答曰：「夫性命之道，自有常分，豈可逃而獲免乎？ 但患難之生，皆生於利，苟不求利，禍從何生？ 方今百姓爭欲奮臂而論大功，一言而取卿相，亦何事於一書生哉？ 莊周所謂畏影避跡，吾弗為也。」 乃閉門靜處，并日而食，卒免於患。
Yun was known from youth for a spirit concentrated and far-reaching, penetration and discernment, refined bearing, and conduct that always fit the rules. He began as legal clerk to the Prince of Shaoling, became chief clerk to the Prince of Xiangdong, then crown prince attendant. When Hou Jing took the Terrace City, officials fled in disorder; Yun alone straightened his dress and sat in the palace quarter, and Jing's soldiers respected him and did not molest him. He soon moved to Jingkou. Bandits ran wild and the people panicked; gentry families fled in every direction, but Yun would not go. Asked why, Yun answered, "Life and death have their allotted share—how can fleeing bring escape? Hardship always comes from chasing profit; if you do not seek profit, whence comes disaster? Now everyone wants to fight for great merit and win minister or chancellor with a single word—what is that to a bookish man? What Zhuang Zhou called fearing one's shadow and fleeing one's footprints—I will not do that." He shut his door and lived quietly, eating every other day, and in the end escaped harm.
34
侯景平後，高祖鎮南徐州，以書召之，允又辭疾。 永定中，侯安都為南徐州刺史，躬造其廬，以申長幼之敬。 天嘉三年，徵為太子庶子。 [12]三年，除稜威將軍、丹陽尹丞。 五年，兼侍中，聘于周，還拜中書侍郎、大匠卿。
After Hou Jing was pacified, the Founder held South Xuzhou and summoned him by letter; Yun again pleaded illness. In the Yongding era Hou Andu, inspector of South Xuzhou, came in person to his hut to pay the respect due between elder and younger. In Tianjia year 3 (562) he was summoned as crown prince attendant. [12] In the third year he was made lingwei general and assistant to the administrator of Danyang. In year 5 he was concurrently attendant-in-ordinary, sent as envoy to Zhou, and on return made secretariat gentleman and director of the great works.
35
至德三年，除中衛豫章王長史，累遷通直散騎常侍、光勝將軍、司徒左長史、安德宮少府。 鎮衛鄱陽王出鎮會稽，允又為長史，帶會稽郡丞。 行經延陵季子廟，設蘋藻之薦，託為異代之交，為詩以敘意，辭理清典。 後主嘗問蔡徵曰：「卿世與蕭允相知，此公志操何如？」 徵曰：「其清虛玄遠，殆不可測，至於文章，可得而言。」 因誦允詩以對，後主嗟賞久之。 其年拜光祿大夫。
In Zhide year 3 (585) he was chief clerk to the central guard Prince of Yuzhang, then direct-communication regular attendant, guangsheng general, left chief clerk of the minister of education, and interior steward of the Andre Palace. When the garrisoning Prince of Poyang went out to hold Kuaiji, Yun again served as his chief clerk and assistant administrator of Kuaiji. Passing Lord Ji of Yanling's shrine at Yanling, he set duckweed and water-chestnut offerings, called himself a friend across ages, and wrote a poem to express it in clear, classical wording. Houzhu once asked Cai Zheng, "Your family has known Xiao Yun for generations—what is his resolve and conduct like?" Zheng said, "In purity and remoteness he is almost beyond measure; as for his writing, one can speak of that." He then recited Yun's poem in answer; Houzhu admired it at length. That year he was made grand master of splendid virtue.
36
及隋師濟江，允遷于關右。 是時朝士至長安者，例並授官，唯允與尚書僕射謝伷辭以老疾，隋文帝義之，並厚賜錢帛。 尋以疾卒於長安，時年八十四。 弟引。
When the Sui army crossed the Yangzi, Yun moved to the Guan region. Court gentlemen who reached Chang'an were usually given office; only Yun and Xie Gang, minister of the masters of writing, declined on grounds of age and illness. Emperor Wen of Sui approved and richly rewarded them both. He soon died of illness in Chang'an, aged eighty-four. His younger brother was Yin.
37
引字 （升） 〔叔〕休。 [13]方正有器局，望之儼然，雖造次之間，必由法度。 性聰敏，博學，善屬文。 釋褐著作佐郎，轉西昌侯儀同府主簿。 侯景之亂，梁元帝為荊州刺史，朝士多往歸之。 引曰：「諸王力爭，禍患方始，今日逃難，未是擇君之秋。 吾家再世為始興郡，遺愛在民，正可南行以存家門耳。」 於是與弟彤及宗親等百餘人奔嶺表。 時始興人歐陽頠為衡州刺史，引往依焉。 頠後遷為廣州，病死，子紇領其眾。 引每疑紇有異，因事規正，由是情禮漸疏。 及紇舉兵反，時京都士人岑之敬、公孫挺等並皆惶駭，唯引恬然，謂之敬等曰：「管幼安、袁曜卿亦但安坐耳。 君子正身以明道，直己以行義，亦復何憂懼乎？」 及章昭達平番禺，引始北還。 高宗召引問嶺表事，引具陳始末，帝甚悅，即日拜金部侍郎。
Yin styled (Sheng) [Uncle] Xiu. [13] Upright in conduct and breadth of bearing, he looked stern; even in haste he kept to rule. Clever, broadly learned, and skilled at writing. He entered service as editorial assistant of writings, then chief clerk to the Prince of Xichang, equal in rank to the three dukes. During Hou Jing's rebellion, when Emperor Yuan of Liang was inspector of Jingzhou, many court gentlemen went to him. Yin said, "The princes are fighting for power; disaster has only begun. To flee today is not yet the time to choose a lord. Our family has held Shixing commandery for two generations, and the people still cherish us. We should go south and keep the line alive." He then fled to Lingnan with his brother Tong and more than a hundred kinsmen. Ouyang Hao of Shixing was then inspector of Hengzhou, and Yin went to join him. Hao was later moved to Guangzhou, died there, and his son He took over his forces. Yin often suspected He of hidden designs and tried to correct him when occasions arose, so their courtesy grew strained. When He rebelled, the capital scholars Qin Zhijing, Gongsun Ting, and others were all in terror; only Yin was calm. He told Zhijing and the rest, "Guan Ning and Yuan Xi too only sat still. A gentleman sets his person right to show the Way and keeps himself straight to act with righteousness—what is there to fear?" After Zhang Zhaoda pacified Panyu, Yin at last came back north. Emperor Xuan summoned Yin to ask about the south. Yin laid out the whole story; the emperor was delighted and that day made him vice minister of the gold office.
38
引善隸書，為當時所重。 高宗嘗披奏事，指引署名曰：「此字筆勢翩翩，似鳥之欲飛。」 引謝曰：「此乃陛下假其羽毛耳。」 又謂引曰：「我每有所忿，見卿輒意解，何也？」 引曰：「此自陛下不遷怒，臣何預此恩。」 太建七年，加戎昭將軍。 九年，除中衛始興王諮議參軍，兼金部侍郎。
Yin excelled at clerical script and was highly regarded in his day. Emperor Xuan once went through memorials and, pointing to Yin's signature, said, "The brushwork is light and swift, like a bird about to take flight." Yin replied, "That is because Your Majesty lent it feathers." He also asked Yin, "Whenever I am angry, seeing you calms me. Why is that?" Yin said, "Your Majesty does not vent anger on others. How could a subject claim credit for that?" In Taijian year 7 he was given the added rank of martial-awe general. In year 9 he was made staff adviser to the prince of Shixing in the central guard and kept the gold-office vice ministry.
39
引性抗直，不事權貴，左右近臣，無所造請，高宗每欲遷用，輒為用事者所裁。 及呂梁覆師，戎儲空匱，乃轉引為庫部侍郎，掌知營造弓弩槊箭等事。 引在職一年，而器械充牣。 頻加中書侍郎、貞威將軍、黃門郎。 十二年，吏部侍郎缺，所司屢舉王寬、謝燮等，帝並不用，乃中詔用引。
Yin was upright and would not court the powerful; he never paid calls on the emperor's intimates. Whenever Emperor Xuan meant to advance him, the men in power blocked it. After the disaster at Lülü Mountain left the arsenals bare, he was moved to vice minister of the storehouse office to oversee the making of bows, crossbows, spears, and arrows. Within a year the armory was full again. He was repeatedly promoted to secretariat vice minister, steadfast-prestige general, and yellow-gate gentleman. In year 12 the personnel vice ministry fell vacant. The offices kept recommending Wang Kuan and Xie Xie, but the emperor would not use them and by personal edict named Yin.
40
時廣州刺史馬靖甚得嶺表人心，而兵甲精練，每年深入俚洞，又數有戰功，朝野頗生異議。 高宗以引悉嶺外物情，且遣引觀靖，審其舉措，諷令送質。 引奉密旨南行，外託收督賧物。 既至番禺，靖即悟旨，盡遣兒弟下都為質。 還至灨水，而高宗崩，後主即位，轉引為中庶子，以疾去官。 明年，京師多盜，乃復起為貞威將軍、建康令。
Ma Jing, inspector of Guangzhou, then held great sway in the south. His troops were well trained, he raided deep into Liao territory every year, and he won battle after battle, so court and countryside alike grew uneasy. Emperor Xuan knew Yin understood the south and sent him to watch Ma Jing, judge his conduct, and urge him to send hostages to court. Yin took the secret order south, publicly claiming to collect and oversee tribute goods. At Panyu Jing saw through the mission at once and sent all his younger brothers to the capital as hostages. On his way back at the Gan River, Emperor Xuan died and Houzhu took the throne. Yin was made junior mentor of the heir apparent but resigned on grounds of illness. The next year, with theft rife in the capital, he was recalled as steadfast-prestige general and magistrate of Jiankang.
41
時殿內 （朋） 〔隊〕主吳璡，[14]及宦官李善度、蔡脫兒等多所請屬，引一皆不許。 引族子密時為黃門郎，諫引曰：「李、蔡之勢，在位皆畏憚之，亦宜小為身計。」 引曰：「吾之立身，自有本末，亦安能為李、蔡改行。 就令不平，不過解職耳。」 吳璡竟作飛書，李、蔡證之，坐免官，卒於家，時年五十八。 子德言，最知名。
At the time, within the palace halls (peng) [team] captain Wu Jin [14] and the eunuchs Li Shandu and Cai Tuo'er pressed many private requests; Yin refused them all. Yin's kinsman Mi, then a yellow-gate gentleman, urged him: "Everyone in office fears Li and Cai. You ought to look out for yourself a little." Yin said, "I have my own principles. How could I change my ways for Li and Cai? If things go badly, I lose my post—that is all. Wu Jin then sent an anonymous accusation, which Li and Cai backed. Yin was removed from office, died at home, and was fifty-eight. His son Deyan was the best known.
42
引宗族子弟，多以行義知名。 弟彤，以恬靜好學，官至太子中庶子、南康王長史。 密字士機，幼而聰敏，博學有文詞。 祖琛，梁特進。 父遊，少府卿。 密太建八年，兼散騎常侍，聘于齊。 歷位黃門侍郎、太子中庶子、散騎常侍。
Many of Yin's clansmen were known for upright conduct. His brother Tong, quiet and studious, rose to junior mentor of the heir apparent and chief steward to the prince of Nankang. Mi, styled Shiji, was clever as a boy, widely read, and gifted in letters. His grandfather Chen had been Liang special advance. His father You was director of the palace workshops. In Taijian year 8 Mi served as acting attendant-in-ordinary on embassy to Qi. He later held the posts of yellow-gate vice minister, junior mentor of the heir apparent, and attendant-in-ordinary.
43
史臣曰：謝、王、張、蕭，咸以清淨為風，文雅流譽，雖更多難，終克成名。 奐謇諤在公，英飆振俗，詳其行事，抑古之遺愛矣[15]。 固之蔬菲禪悅，[16]斯乃出俗者焉，猶且致絓於黜免，有懼於傾覆。 是知上官、博陸之權勢，閻、鄧、梁、竇之震動，吁可畏哉！
The historiographer says: Xie, Wang, Zhang, and Xiao all made purity their manner and won fame for culture. Though hardship followed them, they still made their names. Kong Huan's blunt honesty in office and heroic bearing that stirred the age show, on review, the lingering goodwill of the ancients [15]. Wang Gu lived on plain food and Chan devotion [16], men above the common run, yet even they were snared in dismissal and feared collapse. So one sees how fearsome were the powers of Shangguan and Bolu and the tremors of Yan, Deng, Liang, and Dou.
44
校勘記
Collation notes
45
高祖為〔南〕徐州刺史張森楷校勘記云：「案高祖紀，應作『南徐州刺史』。」 今據補。
On "the Founder as [south] inspector of Xuzhou": Zhang Senkai's collation note says the Founder's annals require "inspector of South Xuzhou." South is now supplied on that authority.
46
昔陸賈南征趙他歸順「趙他」各本作「趙佗」。 今按佗他二字同音通用，趙佗之「佗」，論衡率性篇、譴告篇並作「他」。
On "Lu Jia's southern campaign and Zhao Ta's submission": all editions read Zhao Tuo. Tuo and ta are homophones used interchangeably; Zhao Tuo's tuo appears as ta in the Lunheng chapters On Nature and On Rebuke.
47
二子儼 （伸） 〔伷〕據南史改。 按後主紀至德三年，以左民尚書謝伷為吏部尚書，「伷」亦訛「伸」，已據南監本改正。 此則南監本亦訛，故據南史改。
On "the two sons Yan" (shen) [zhou]—emended per the History of the Southern Dynasties. The Houzhu annals for Zhide year 3 name Xie Zhou of the left-household ministry as minister of personnel; zhou is also miswritten shen and is already corrected in the Southern Supervisory edition. Here the Southern Supervisory edition is also wrong, so the History of the Southern Dynasties is followed.
48
司徒王僧辯以狀 （奉） 〔奏〕聞據元龜四一三、七五四改。 按南史作「以狀奏」，無「聞」字。
On "Minister of Education Wang Sengbian with a report" (feng) [memorial] submitted—emended per Comprehensive Mirror 413 and 754. The History of the Southern Dynasties reads "with a report submitted," without heard.
49
又累賜無錫嘉興縣侯秩御覽六四二引及元龜二〇九、三〇三皆無「侯」字，南史亦無「侯」字，「侯」字疑衍。
On "also repeatedly granted the rank of marquis of Wuxi and Jiaxing counties": Imperial Overview 642 and Comprehensive Mirror 209 and 303 omit marquis, as does the History of the Southern Dynasties; marquis is probably a spurious addition.
50
齊護軍 （孫） 沖之〔孫〕按張沖南齊書有傳，稚才為其孫。 「孫」字應在「之」字下，各本並誤，今移正。
On "Qi protector of the army" (grandson) On "Chong's [grandson]": Zhang Chong has a biography in the Book of Southern Qi; Zhicai was his grandson. Grandson should follow the particle zhi; all editions err; the word is now placed correctly.
51
太舟卿南監本、汲本、殿本作「太府卿」，疑後人妄改。 參閱卷十六蔡景歷傳校記五。
On "grand master of the great fleet": the Southern Supervisory, Ji, and Hall editions read grand master of the great storehouse, probably a later corruption. See collation note 5 in the biography of Cai Jingli, scroll 16.
52
比將伏誅南史作「比黨皆誅」。
On "about to be executed on the charge": the History of the Southern Dynasties reads "the whole faction was executed."
53
蕭允字 （升） 〔叔〕佐據北監本、汲本、殿本及南史改。
On "Xiao Yun, styled" (sheng) [uncle] Zuo—emended per the Northern Supervisory, Ji, and Hall editions and the History of the Southern Dynasties.
54
尚書右僕射按宋書蕭思話傳云「徵為尚書左僕射，固辭不受拜」，是思話未嘗為尚書右僕射也。
On "right vice director of the masters of writing": the Book of Song biography of Xiao Sihua says he was summoned as left vice director and firmly declined, so he never held the right post.
55
封陽穆公按宋書蕭思話傳，思話襲爵封陽縣侯，卒謚穆。 「公」當作「侯」。
On "enfeoffed as Duke Mu of Yang": the Book of Song biography of Xiao Sihua shows he inherited and was enfeoffed marquis of Yang county; his posthumous title was Mu. Duke should read marquis.
56
天嘉三年徵為太子庶子按下又云「三年，除稜威將軍丹陽尹丞」，兩「三年」字必有一訛。
On "in Tianjia year 3 summoned as junior mentor of the heir apparent": below it again says "year 3, made steadfast-prestige general and assistant magistrate of Danyang," so one of the two year-3 notices must be wrong.
57
引字 （升） 〔叔〕休據北監本、汲本、殿本及南史改。
On "Yin, styled" (sheng) [uncle] Xiu—emended per the Northern Supervisory, Ji, and Hall editions and the History of the Southern Dynasties.
58
時殿內 （朋） 〔隊〕主吳璡據北監本、汲本、殿本及南史改。
At the time, within the palace halls (peng) On "[team] captain Wu Jin": emended per the Northern Supervisory, Ji, and Hall editions and the History of the Southern Dynasties.
59
抑古之遺愛矣張森楷校勘記云「遺愛」當作「遺直」。 今按張說是。 孔奐傳世祖云「古之遺直，復見於卿」，故史臣引之也。
On "he was indeed an ancient's lingering care left behind": Zhang Senkai's collation note says lingering care should read upright legacy left behind. On examination Zhang is right. Kong Huan's biography records Emperor Wen saying, "The ancients' upright legacy appears again in you," which the historiographer echoed here.
60
固之蔬菲禪悅「禪悅」各本作「蟬蛻」。 按禪悅乃佛家語。 傳稱其崇信佛法，及丁所生母憂，遂終身蔬食，夜則坐禪，晝誦佛經。 則作「禪悅」是。
On "Gu's plain vegetables and Chan delight": all editions read cicada slough. Chan delight is Buddhist language. The biography says he devoutly followed Buddhism; after mourning for his birth mother he ate only vegetables for life, sat in meditation at night, and chanted sutras by day. So Chan delight is correct.