1
孔子曰：「夫聖人之德，何以加於孝乎！」 孝者百行之本，人倫之至極也。 凡在性靈，孰不由此。 若乃奉生盡養，送終盡哀，或泣血三年，絕漿七日，思蓼莪之慕切，追顧復之恩深，或德感乾坤，誠貫幽顯，在於歷代，蓋有人矣。 陳承梁室喪亂，風漓化薄，及跡隱閻閭，無聞視聽，今之採綴，以備闕云。
Confucius said, "Of the sage's virtue, what can be added to filial piety! Filial piety is the root of the hundred conduct, the utmost of human relations. Every sentient being draws on this root. Whether in fully sustaining life in nurture or fully mourning at the send-off, in weeping blood for three years or abstaining from gruel for seven days, in the keen longing of "The Mugwort" or the deep grace of a parent's watchful care, or in virtue that moves heaven and earth and sincerity that pierces the hidden and manifest—in every age there have surely been such men. Chen inherited Liang's age of mourning and turmoil; customs dissolved and transformation grew thin, and when traces lay hidden in lanes and alleys they went unheard. What is gathered here is to supply what is lacking.
2
殷不害
Yin Buhai
3
殷不害字長卿，陳郡長平人也。 祖任，齊豫章王行參軍。 父高明，梁尚書中兵郎。 不害性至孝，居父憂過禮，由是少知名。 家世儉約，居甚貧窶，有弟五人，皆幼弱，不害事老母，養小弟，勤劇無所不至，士大夫以篤行稱之。
Yin Buhai, styled Changqing, was from Changping in Chen commandery. His grandfather Ren served as traveling aide on the Prince of Yuzhang of Qi's staff in Qi. His father Gaoming was Liang's director of the central arms bureau in the Secretariat. Buhai was by nature supremely filial; in mourning his father he exceeded the rites, and from this he first won a name. His family for generations was frugal and their dwelling very poor. He had five younger brothers, all still young. Buhai served his aged mother and reared his young brothers, toiling at every task without limit, and scholar-officials praised his earnest conduct.
4
年十七，仕梁廷尉平。 不害長於政事，兼飾以儒術，名法有輕重不便者，輒上書言之，多見納用。 大同五年，遷鎮西府記室參軍，尋以本官兼東宮通事舍人。 是時朝廷政事多委東宮，不害與舍人庾肩吾直日奏事，梁武帝嘗謂肩吾曰：「卿是文學之士，吏事非卿所長，何不使殷不害來邪？」 其見知如此。 簡文又以不害善事親，賜其母蔡氏錦裙襦、氈席、被褥，單復畢備。 七年，除東宮步兵校尉。 太清初，遷平北府諮議參軍，舍人如故。
When seventeen he entered Liang service as an assistant in the Court Tribunal. Buhai excelled at governmental affairs and additionally adorned himself with Confucian learning. Where statutes and punishments had weights and measures that were inconvenient, he would submit a memorial, and many were adopted. In Datong year 5 (539) he was moved to recorder of the staff in the Pacify-West establishment, and soon held his original post concurrently as communicating affairs attendant of the eastern palace. At that time many court and government affairs were entrusted to the eastern palace. Buhai and attendant Yu Jianwu attended on the days of direct audience to report affairs. Emperor Wu of Liang once told Jianwu, "You are a man of letters; clerical business is not your strength—why not have Yin Buhai come instead? He was known and valued to this degree. Emperor Jianwen of Liang also, because Buhai was skilled at serving his parents, bestowed on his mother Lady Cai brocade skirts and jackets, felt mats, quilts, and bedding, single and double layers all complete. In year 7 he was made footsoldiers commandant of the eastern palace. At the start of Taiqing (547) he was moved to staff adviser of the Pacify-North establishment, his attendant post remaining as before.
5
侯景之亂，不害從簡文入臺。 及臺城陷，簡文在中書省，景帶甲將兵入朝陛見，過謁簡文。 景兵士皆羌、胡雜種，衝突左右，甚不遜，侍衛者不驚恐辟易，唯不害與中庶子徐摛侍側不動。 及簡文為景所幽，遣人請不害與居處，景許之，不害供侍益謹。 簡文夜夢吞一塊土，意甚不悅，以告不害，不害曰：「昔晉文公出奔，野人遺之塊，卒反晉國，陛下此夢，事符是乎？」 簡文曰：「若天有徵，冀斯言不妄。」
During Hou Jing's rebellion Buhai followed Emperor Jianwen of Liang into the Inner City. At the time, the Inner City fell, Emperor Jianwen was in the Secretariat. Jing, in armor and leading troops, entered court for audience at the steps and passed by to pay respects to Emperor Jianwen. Jing's troops were Qiang and Hu of mixed stock; they jostled those on either side with great insolence. The guards did not flinch or yield—only Buhai and palace attendant Xu Chi stood unmoved at the emperor's side. At the time, emperor Jianwen was confined by Jing, he sent someone to request that Buhai dwell with him; Jing assented, and Buhai waited on him with ever greater care. Emperor Jianwen one night dreamed he swallowed a clod of earth and was very displeased. He told Buhai, and Buhai said, "In old times Duke Wen of Jin went into exile; a rustic gave him a clod, and in the end he returned to Jin. Your Majesty's dream—does the matter match this? Emperor Jianwen said, "If Heaven sends a sign, I hope these words are not in vain."
6
梁元帝立，以不害為中書郎，兼廷尉卿，因將家屬西上。 江陵之陷也，不害先於別所督戰，失母所在。 于時甚寒，冰雪交下，老弱凍死者填滿溝塹‵不害行哭道路，遠近尋求，無所不至，遇見死人溝水中，即投身而下，扶捧閱視，舉體凍濕，水漿不入口，號泣不輟聲，如是者七日，始得母屍。 不害憑屍而哭，每舉音輒氣絕，行路無不為之流涕。 即於江陵權殯，與王裒、庾信俱入長安，自是蔬食布衣，枯槁骨立，見者莫不哀之。
At the time, emperor Yuan of Liang took the throne, he made Buhai a Secretariat gentleman and concurrently director of the Court Tribunal, and thus led his household west. When the fall of Jiangling, Buhai was first at another place directing battle and lost track of where his mother was. The season was bitterly cold; ice and snow fell together, and the old and weak who had frozen to death filled ditches and moats. Buhai walked the roads weeping and searched near and far without rest. Whenever he came upon a corpse in a ditch or stream he threw himself down, lifted and examined the body, his whole person frozen and soaked. He took no food or drink, and his cries never ceased. After seven days thus he found his mother's corpse. Buhai leaned on the corpse and wept; each time he raised his voice he would lose breath. Every passerby on the road shed tears for him. Then he then had a temporary burial at Jiangling and, with Wang Pou and Yu Xin, together entered Chang'an. From then on he ate vegetables and wore plain cloth, wasted to bone standing alone; all who saw him were moved to pity.
7
弟不佞
His younger brother Buniu
8
不佞字季卿，不害弟也。 少立名節，居父喪以至孝稱。 好讀書，尤長吏術，仕梁起家為尚書中兵郎，甚有能稱。 梁元帝承制，授戎昭將軍、武陵王諮議參軍。 承聖初，遷武康令。 時兵荒飢饉，百姓流移，不佞巡撫招集，繈負而至者以千數。 會江陵陷，而母卒，道路隔絕，久不得奔赴，四載之中，晝夜號泣，居處飲食，常為居喪之禮。 高祖受禪，起為戎昭將軍，除婁令。 至是，第四兄不齊始之江陵，迎母喪柩歸葬。 不佞居處之節，如始聞問，若此者又三年。 身自負土，手植松柏，每歲時伏臘，必三日不食。
Buniu, styled Jiqing, was Buhai's younger brother. In youth he established a reputation for integrity; in mourning his father he was famed for supreme filial piety. He loved reading and especially excelled at the arts of office. Entering Liang service he began as director of the central arms bureau in the Secretariat and was greatly praised for ability. When Emperor Yuan of Liang assumed the regency, he was appointed martial-proclamation general and staff adviser to the Prince of Wuling. At the start of Chengsheng (552) he was moved to magistrate of Wukang. At the time arms and famine ravaged the land and the people drifted in flight. Buniu toured to comfort and gather them in, and those who came swaddled on the back numbered in the thousands. It happened that Jiangling fell and his mother died; roads were cut off and for long he could not hurry to the funeral. Within four years he wept and cried day and night; in dwelling, food, and drink he constantly kept the rites of mourning. When the Founder received the abdication, he was summoned as martial-proclamation general and made magistrate of Lou. By then his fourth elder brother Buqi had first gone to Jiangling and brought back their mother's coffin for burial. Buniu's observances in dwelling were as at the first news of bereavement; he did so for another three years. He himself carried earth and with his hands planted pine and cypress. At each year's seasonal sacrifices at the solstices he would fast for three days without eating.
9
世祖即位，除尚書左民郎，不就，後為始興王諮議參軍，兼尚書右丞，遷東宮通事舍人。 及世祖崩，廢帝嗣立，高宗為太傅，錄尚書輔政，甚為朝望所歸。 不佞素以名節自立，又受委東宮，乃與僕射到仲舉、中書舍人劉師知、尚書右丞王暹等，謀矯詔出高宗。 眾人猶豫，未敢先發，不佞乃馳詣相府，面宣敕，令相王還第。 及事發，仲舉等皆伏誅，高宗雅重不佞，特赦之，免其官而已。
When Emperor Wen took the throne, he was made director of the left bureau for the people in the Secretariat but did not accept; later he was made staff adviser to the Prince of Shixing and concurrently right vice director in the Secretariat, then moved to communicating affairs attendant of the eastern palace. When Emperor Wen died, the Deposed Emperor succeeded; Emperor Xuan was grand tutor and recorded affairs of the Secretariat to assist in government, and was greatly where court expectation turned. Buniu had always stood on his reputation for integrity and had again been entrusted by the eastern palace. He therefore joined vice director Dao Zhongju, Secretariat attendant Liu Shizhi, right vice director Wang Xian, and others in plotting to forge an edict removing Emperor Xuan. The others hesitated and dared not move first; Buniu galloped to the chief minister's residence, proclaimed the edict in person, and ordered the prince regent back to his mansion. When the affair broke, Zhongju and the rest were all executed. Emperor Xuan had long valued Buniu and specially pardoned him, merely stripping his office.
10
高宗即位，以為軍師始興王諮議參軍，加招遠將軍。 尋除大匠卿，未拜，加員外散騎常侍，又兼尚書右丞。 俄遷通直散騎常侍，右丞如故。 太建五年卒，時年五十六。 詔贈祕書監。
At the time, emperor Xuan took the throne, he was made staff adviser and military strategist to the Prince of Shixing, with the additional rank of recruit-the-distance general. Soon he was made grand master of works but did not accept the appointment; he was additionally made irregular attendant of the scattered cavalry and again concurrently right vice director in the Secretariat. Shortly he was moved to direct and upright attendant of the scattered cavalry, his vice directorship remaining as before. In Taijian year 5 (573) he died, aged fifty-six. An edict posthumously made him director of the Secretariat.
11
第三兄不疑，次不占，次不齊，並早亡。 不佞最小，事第二寡嫂張氏甚謹，所得祿俸，不入私室。 長子梵童，官至尚書金部郎。
His third elder brother was Buyi, then Buzhan, then Buqi—all died young. Buniu was the youngest. He served his second elder brother's widow Lady Zhang with great care; the salary he received never entered his private quarters. His eldest son Fantong rose to director of the gold bureau in the Secretariat.
12
謝貞字元正，陳郡陽夏人，晉太傅安九世孫也。 祖綏，[1]梁著作佐郎、太子舍人。 父藺，正員外郎，兼散騎常侍。
Xie Zhen, styled Yuanzheng, was from Yangxia in Chen commandery, ninth-generation descendant of Jin grand tutor An. His grandfather Sui [1] served Liang as editorial assistant and crown prince attendant. His father Lin was a regular outside gentleman who also served as irregular attendant of the scattered cavalry.
13
貞幼聰敏，有至性。 祖母阮氏先苦風眩，每發便一二日不能飲食，貞時年七歲，祖母不食，貞亦不食，往往如是，親族莫不奇之。 母王氏，授貞論語、孝經，讀訖便誦。 八歲，嘗為春日閑居五言詩，從舅尚書王筠奇其有佳致，謂所親曰：「此兒方可大成，至如『風定花猶落』，乃追步惠連矣。」 由是名輩知之。 年十三，略通五經大旨，尤善左氏傳，工草隸蟲篆。 十四，丁父艱，號頓於地，絕而復蘇者數矣。 初，父藺居母阮氏憂，不食泣血而卒，家人賓客懼貞復然，從父洽、族兄暠乃共往華嚴寺，請長爪禪師為貞說法，仍謂貞曰：「孝子既無兄弟，極須自愛，若憂毀滅性，誰養母邪？」 自後少進饘粥。
As a child Zhen was clever and keen, with a deeply filial nature. His grandmother Lady Ruan had long suffered from wind dizziness; whenever it flared she could not eat or drink for a day or two. Zhen was then seven; when his grandmother did not eat, Zhen also did not eat. Often it was so, and kin on both sides all marveled at him. His mother Lady Wang taught Zhen the Analects and the Classic of Filial Piety; when he finished reading he could recite them. At eight he once composed a five-character poem on spring days at leisure in retirement. His mother's brother, Secretariat director Wang Yun, marveled at its fine quality and told those close to him, "This boy can surely achieve great things. As for 'the wind has stilled yet flowers still fall'—that already follows in Hui Lian's steps. From this men of reputation came to know him. At thirteen he had broadly grasped the main purport of the Five Classics and especially excelled in the Zuo Tradition; he was skilled in cursive, clerical, seal, and insect scripts. At fourteen he suffered his father's mourning, collapsed to the ground crying, and several times lost breath and revived. Earlier, his father Lin in mourning for his mother Lady Ruan had not eaten and wept blood until he died. Family and guests feared Zhen would do the same. His father's younger brother Qia and his clansman Hao together went to Huayan Temple and asked the monk Long Claw to preach the law for Zhen, and also told Zhen, "A filial son has no brothers and must cherish himself utterly. If grief destroys your nature, who will nourish your mother? After that he took a little thin gruel.
14
太清之亂，親屬散亡，貞於江陵陷沒，暠逃難番禺，貞母出家於宣明寺。 及高祖受禪，暠還鄉里，供養貞母，將二十年。 太建五年，貞乃還朝，除智武府外兵參軍事。 俄遷尚書駕部郎中，尋遷侍郎。 及始興王叔陵為揚州刺史，引祠部侍郎阮卓為記室，辟貞為主薄，貞不得已乃行。 尋遷府錄事參軍，領丹陽丞。 貞度叔陵將有異志，因與卓自疏於王，每有宴遊，輒辭以疾，未嘗參預，叔陵雅欽重之，弗之罪也。 俄而高宗崩，叔陵肆逆，府僚多相連逮，唯貞與卓獨不坐。
In the turmoil of Taiqing kin scattered. Zhen was caught in Jiangling's fall; Hao fled to Panyu, and Zhen's mother took the tonsure at Xuaming Temple. When the Founder received the abdication, Hao returned to his home district and supported Zhen's mother for nearly twenty years. In Taijian year 5 (573) Zhen then returned to court and was made outside arms officer on the staff of the Intelligent Martial establishment. Shortly he was moved to director of the chariot bureau in the Secretariat, and soon moved to vice director. When the Prince of Shixing Shuling was made inspector of Yangzhou, he brought in vice director of the rites bureau Ruan Zhuo as recorder of the staff and summoned Zhen as chief clerk; Zhen had no choice but to go. Soon he was moved to recorder of the staff and concurrently magistrate of Danyang. Zhen judged that Shuling would harbor a rebellious intent and therefore, with Zhuo, kept themselves distant from the prince. Whenever there were feasts or outings he would plead illness and never take part. Shuling had long held him in esteem and did not blame him. Shortly Emperor Xuan died and Shuling committed outrage; many staff members were implicated and seized—only Zhen and Zhuo were not charged.
15
後主仍詔貞入掌中宮管記，遷南平王友，加招遠將軍，掌記室事。 府長史汝南周確新除都官尚書，請貞為讓表，後主覽而奇之。 嘗因宴席問確曰：「卿表自製邪？」 確對曰：「臣表謝貞所作。」 後主因敕舍人施文慶曰[2]：「謝貞在王處，未有祿秩，可賜米百石。」 至德三年，以母憂去職。 頃之，敕起還府，仍加招遠將軍，掌記室。 貞累啟固辭，敕報曰：「省啟具懷，雖知哀煢在疚，而官俟得才，禮有權奪，可便力疾還府也。」 貞哀毀羸瘠，終不能之官舍。 時尚書右丞徐祚、尚書左丞沈客卿俱來候貞，見其形體骨立，祚等愴然歎息，徐喻之曰：「弟年事已衰，禮有恆制，小宜引割自全。」 貞因更感慟，氣絕良久，二人涕泣，不能自勝，憫默而出。 祚謂客卿曰：「信哉，孝門有孝子。」 客卿曰：「謝公家傳至孝，士大夫誰不仰止，此恐不能起，如何？」 吏部尚書吳興姚察與貞友善，及貞病篤，察往省之，問以後事，貞曰：「孤子舋禍所集，將隨灰壤。 族子凱等粗自成立，已有疏付之，此固不足仰塵厚德。 即日迷喘，時不可移，便為永訣。 弱兒年甫六歲，名靖，字依仁，情累所不能忘，敢以為託耳。」 是夜卒，敕賻米一百斛，布三十匹。 後主問察曰：「謝貞有何親屬？」 察因啟曰：「貞有一子年六歲。」 即有敕長給衣糧。
Houzhu then had Zhen enter to manage the inner-palace records, made him friend to the Prince of Nanping, added recruit-the-distance general, and put him in charge of recorder affairs. The establishment's chief recorder Zhou Que of Runan had newly been made director of the capital offenses bureau in the Secretariat and asked Zhen to draft his letter of declination; Houzhu read it and marveled. Once at a banquet he asked Que, "Did you compose the memorial yourself? Que replied, "Your servant's memorial was composed by Xie Zhen." Houzhu thereupon ordered attendant Wenqing Shi [2], "Xie Zhen at the prince's establishment has no salary or rank; grant him one hundred piculs of grain." In Zhide year 3 (585) he left office on his mother's mourning. Shortly an edict recalled him to the establishment and again added recruit-the-distance general, in charge of the recorder's office. Zhen repeatedly submitted memorials firmly declining. The edict in reply said, "I have read your memorial and take your meaning. Though I know your solitary grief lies in affliction, offices await the able and rites allow expedient suspension; you may force yourself despite illness and return to the establishment." Zhen's mourning had wasted him to emaciation; in the end he could not go to the government offices. At the time right vice director Xu Zuo and left vice director Shen Keqing of the Secretariat both came to visit Zhen. Seeing his frame wasted to bone standing alone, Zuo and the rest sighed in sorrow. Xu admonished him, "Brother, your years are already advanced; rites have a constant measure—you should slightly restrain your cutting grief and preserve yourself." Zhen thereupon was moved to grief again and for long lost breath; the two men wept and could not master themselves, and went out in silent pity. Xu said to Keqing, "It is true—a house of filial piety has a filial son." Keqing said, "The Xie house transmits utmost filial piety; which scholar-official does not look up to it? I fear he cannot rise—what then?" Minister of personnel Yao Cha of Wuxing was friendly with Zhen. When Zhen's illness grew critical, Cha went to visit him and asked about affairs after death. Zhen said, "This orphaned son has gathered calamity upon himself and will soon follow dust and earth. My clansman Kai and the rest have roughly established themselves; I have already left a written instruction with them—this truly is not enough to bear up your thick virtue. Today I am lost in gasping breath; the time cannot be shifted—let this be a final parting. My weak son is just six years old; his name is Jing, his style Yiren—the ties of feeling I cannot forget; I venture to entrust him to you." That night he died. An edict granted one hundred hu of grain for funeral expenses and thirty bolts of cloth. Houzhu asked Cha, "What kin does Xie Zhen have? Cha thereupon reported, "Zhen has one son, six years old." Thereupon an edict long supplied clothing and grain.
16
初，貞之病亟也，遺疏告族子凱曰：「吾少罹酷罰，十四傾外蔭，十六鍾太清之禍，流離絕國，二十餘載。 號天蹐地，遂同有感，得還侍奉，守先人墳墓，於吾之分足矣。 不悟朝廷採拾空薄，累致清階，縱其殞絕，無所酬報。 今在憂棘，晷漏將盡，斂手而歸，何所多念。 氣絕之後，若直棄之草野，依僧家尸陀林法，是吾所願，正恐過為獨異耳。 可用薄板周身，載以靈車，覆以葦席，坎山而埋之。 又吾終尠兄弟，無他子孫，靖年幼少，未閑人事，但可三月施小床，設香水，盡卿兄弟相厚之情，即除之，無益之事，勿為也。」
Earlier, when Zhen's illness was critical, he left a written instruction telling his clansman Kai, "I in youth suffered harsh punishment; at fourteen I lost the shelter of kin outside, and at sixteen I met the calamity of Taiqing, drifting in exile and cut off from my state for more than twenty years. I cried to heaven and stamped the earth and shared the grief of all who feel; to return and serve and guard my forefathers' tombs is enough for my portion. I did not realize the court would gather up my emptiness and thinness and repeatedly raise me to clear ranks; even if I die utterly, there is nothing with which to repay. Now in the thorns of mourning the clepsydra's drip is nearly spent; I fold my hands and return—what is there to think much upon? After I die, if the body is simply left in the wild per the Buddhist charnel-ground practice, that is my wish—I only fear it would seem too odd. Wrap the body in thin boards, carry it on a funeral cart, cover it with a reed mat, and bury it in a hillside grave. I have few brothers and no other heirs; Jing is young and knows nothing of the world. For three months only, set out a small couch and incense to show your brotherly bond, then put them away—do not do anything needless.
17
初，貞在周嘗侍趙王讀，王即周武帝之愛弟也，厚相禮遇。 王嘗聞左右說貞每獨處必晝夜涕泣，因私使訪問，知貞母年老，遠在江南，乃謂貞曰：「寡人若出居藩，當遣侍讀還家供養。」 後數年，王果出，因辭見，面奏曰：「謝貞至孝而母老，臣願放還。」 帝奇王仁愛而遣之，因隨聘使杜子暉還國。 所有文集，值兵亂多不存。
Earlier, while Zhen was in Zhou, he served as reader to the Zhao prince, Emperor Wu of Zhou's beloved younger brother, who treated him with great courtesy. The prince heard from attendants that Zhen wept day and night whenever alone. He sent privately to inquire and learned Zhen's mother was old and far off in the south. He told Zhen, "If I am posted to my fief, I shall send you home to support her." Years later the prince was indeed posted out. On leave he memorialized in person: "Xie Zhen is deeply filial and his mother is old; I ask that he be released." The emperor admired the prince's kindness and let Zhen go; he returned with the envoy Du Zihui. His collected writings were mostly lost in the wars.
18
司馬暠
Sima Hao
19
司馬暠字文昇，河內溫人也。 高祖晉侍中、光祿勳柔之，以南頓王孫紹齊文獻王攸之後。 父子產，梁尚書水部侍郎、岳陽太守，即梁武帝之外兄也。
Sima Hao, styled Wensheng, came from Wen in Henei. His founding ancestor Rouzhi had been Jin palace attendant and director of the imperial secretariat; as grandson of the Prince of Nandun he descended from Prince Xian of Qi, Wang You. His father Zichan had been Liang minister of the masters of writing for the water bureau and administrator of Yueyang—the maternal elder brother of Emperor Wu of Liang.
20
暠幼聰警，有至性。 年十二，丁內艱，孺慕過禮，水漿不入口，殆經一旬。 每至號慟，必致悶絕，內外親戚，皆懼其不勝喪。 父子產每曉喻之，逼進饘粥，然毀瘠骨立。 服闋，以姻戚子弟，預入問訊，梁武帝見暠羸瘦，歎息良久，謂其父子產曰； 「昨見羅兒面顏憔悴，使人惻然，便是不墜家風，為有子矣。」 羅兒，即暠小字也。 釋褐太學博士，累遷正員郎。 丁父艱，哀毀逾甚，廬于墓側，一日之內，唯進薄麥粥一升。 墓在新林，連接山阜，舊多猛獸，暠結廬數載，豺狼絕跡。 常有兩鳩棲宿廬所，馴狎異常，新林至今猶傳之。
Hao was clever and alert from youth, with a deeply filial nature. At twelve he mourned his mother; his grief exceeded the rites, and for nearly ten days he took no food or drink. Each time he wailed he would faint; kin far and near feared he could not survive the mourning. His father Zichan urged him repeatedly and forced gruel on him, yet he was wasted to the bone. When mourning ended he entered audience as a kinsman by marriage. Emperor Wu of Liang saw how thin Hao was, sighed long, and said to Zichan: "Yesterday I saw Luo'er's haggard face and pitied him; he does not betray the family tradition—here is a true son. Luo'er was Hao's childhood name. He began as erudite of the imperial academy and rose to regular attendant. When his father died his mourning was still more severe; he built a hut by the tomb and ate only one sheng of thin wheat gruel a day. The tomb was at Xinlin among hills once full of beasts; Hao kept his hut for years and wolves and jackals vanished. Two doves always roosted at the hut, unusually tame; Xinlin still tells of it.
21
承聖中，除太子庶子。 江陵陷，隨例入關，而梁室屠戮太子，瘞殯失所，暠以宮臣，乃抗表周朝，求還江陵改葬，辭甚酸切。 周朝優詔答曰：「昔主父從戮，孔車有長者之風，彭越就誅，欒布得陪臣之禮。 庶子鄉國已改，猶懷送往之情，始驗忠貞，方知臣道，即敕荊州，以禮安厝。」
In the Chengsheng era he was made junior tutor to the heir apparent. When Jiangling fell he went to the north as others did. The Liang house had slaughtered the crown prince and left the burial lost; as a palace officer Hao submitted a bold memorial to Zhou to return and rebury him, in words very bitter. Zhou replied graciously: "When Zhufu Yan was executed, Kong Che showed an elder's bearing; when Peng Yue was put to death, Luan Bu received a subject's rites. Though the junior tutor's country has changed, he still feels the duty of escorting the dead—thus loyalty and subjecthood are proved; let Jingzhou bury him with full rites."
22
太建八年，自周還朝，高宗特降殊禮，賞錫有加。 除宜都王諮議參軍事，徙安德宮長秋卿、通直散騎常侍、太中大夫、司州大中正，卒于官。 有集十卷。
In Taijian year 8, returning from Zhou, Emperor Xuan granted him special honors and rich rewards. He was made staff adviser to the Prince of Yidu, then director of the long autumn office of the Andre palace, direct and upright attendant of the scattered cavalry, grand master of the palace, and senior rectifier of Sizhou, and died in office. He left a collection in ten fascicles.
23
子延義，字希忠，少沈敏好學。 江陵之陷，隨父入關。 丁母憂，喪過于禮。 及暠還都，延義乃躬負靈櫬，晝伏宵行，冒履冰霜，手足皆皸瘃。 及至都，以中風冷，遂致攣廢，數年方愈。 稍遷鄱陽王錄事參軍、沅陵王友、司徒從事中郎。
His son Yanyi, styled Xizhong, was from youth deep-minded, keen, and fond of learning. When Jiangling fell he followed his father into the north. When his mother died his mourning exceeded the rites. When Hao returned to the capital, Yanyi shouldered the bier himself, hiding by day and traveling by night through frost and ice until his hands and feet were chapped with cold sores. At the capital he took a chill that left him paralyzed for years before he recovered. He rose to recorder of the Prince of Poyang, friend of the Prince of Yuanling, and attendant of the masters of writing under the minister of works.
24
張昭字德明，吳郡吳人也。 幼有孝性，色養甚謹，禮無違者。 父熯，常患消渴，嗜鮮魚，昭乃身自結網捕魚，以供朝夕。 弟乾，字玄明，聰敏博學，亦有至性。 及父卒，兄弟並不衣綿帛，不食鹽醋，日唯食一升麥屑粥而已。 每一感慟，必致嘔血，鄰里聞其哭聲，皆為之涕泣。 父服未終，母陸氏又亡，兄弟遂六年哀毀，形容骨立，親友見者莫識焉。 家貧，未得大葬，遂布衣蔬食，十有餘年，杜門不出，屏絕人事。 時衡陽王伯信臨郡，舉乾孝廉，固辭不就。 兄弟並因毀成疾，昭失一眼，乾亦中冷苦癖，年並未五十終于家，子胤俱絕。
Zhang Zhao, styled Deming, came from Wu in Wu commandery. From youth he was filial; he tended his parents' mood with great care and never breached ritual. His father Yan suffered wasting thirst and craved fresh fish; Zhao netted fish himself for every meal. His younger brother Gan, styled Xuanming, was clever, learned, and deeply filial. When their father died the brothers wore no silk and ate no salt or vinegar, living on one sheng of wheat-bran gruel a day. Each surge of grief made them vomit blood; neighbors wept when they heard them cry. Before their father's mourning ended their mother, née Lu, died too; for six years the brothers mourned until they were wasted to the bone, and friends who saw them did not know them. Too poor for a full burial, they wore plain cloth and ate vegetables for more than ten years, shut their door, and cut off the world. When the Prince of Hengyang, Bo Xin, governed the commandery he recommended Gan as filial and incorrupt; Gan firmly declined. Both brothers fell ill from excessive mourning; Zhao lost an eye and Gan suffered chronic chills; both died at home before fifty, and left no heirs.
25
高宗世有太原王知玄者，僑居于會稽剡縣，居家以孝聞。 及丁父憂，哀毀而卒，高宗嘉之，詔改其所居清苦里為「孝家里」云。
In Emperor Xuan's time Wang Zhixuan of Taiyuan lived as a sojourner in Yan county, Kuaiji, and was famed at home for filial piety. When his father died he mourned himself to death; Emperor Xuan praised him and renamed his lane, Qingku, "Filial Home Lane."
26
史臣曰：人倫之德，莫大於孝，是以報本反始，盡性窮神，孝乎惟孝，不可不勗矣。 故記云「塞乎天地」，盛哉！
The historiographer says: Among human bonds no virtue exceeds filial piety; to return to one's origins, exhaust one's nature, and probe the spirit—"Filial, only filial"—must be urged. The Record says it "fills Heaven and Earth"—how grand!
27
校勘記
Collation notes
28
祖綏「綏」梁書、南史謝藺傳並作「經」。
On "Zu Sui": the character sui in the Book of Liang and the Southern History biography of Xie Lin both read jing.
29
後主因敕舍人施文慶曰「慶」原本訛「憂」，各本不訛，今改正。
On "Houzhu thereupon charged palace attendant Shi Wenqing": the base text wrongly wrote you for qing in Wenqing; other editions are correct; now emended.