Table of Kings and Marquises of Different Surnames

昔詩書述虞夏之際，舜禹受襢，積德累功，洽於百姓，攝位行政，考之于天，經數十年，然後在位。殷周之王，乃繇镨稷，修仁行義，歷十餘世，至于湯武，然後放殺。秦起襄公，章文、繆，獻、孝、昭、嚴，稍蠶食六國，百有餘載，至始皇，乃并天下。以德若彼，用力如此其艱難也。

Formerly the Odes and Documents recounted the age of Yu and Xia. Shun and Yu received the abdication, accumulated virtue and heaped up merit, won over the common people, assumed the throne and governed, sought confirmation from Heaven, and only after several decades took their positions. The kings of Yin and Zhou traced their descent from Hou Ji, cultivated benevolence and practiced righteousness, passed through more than ten generations, until Tang and Wu, and then deposed and killed their predecessors. Qin arose with Duke Xiang, then Wen, Mu, Xian, Xiao, Zhao, and Zhuang, gradually devouring the six states over more than a hundred years, until the First Emperor united all under Heaven. To gain power through virtue was like that; to gain it through force was as arduous as this.

秦既稱帝，患周之敗，以為起於處士橫議，諸侯力爭，四夷交侵，以弱見奪。於是削去五等，墮城銷刃，箝語燒書，內鋤雄俊，外攘胡粵，用壹威權，為萬世安。然十餘年間，猛敵橫發乎不虞，適戍彊於五伯，閭閻偪於戎狄，嚮應钇於謗議，奮臂威於甲兵。鄉秦之禁，適所以資豪桀而速自斃也。是以漢亡尺土之階，繇一劍之任，五載而成帝業。書傳所記，未嘗有焉。何則？古世相革，皆承聖王之烈，今漢獨收孤秦之弊。鐫金石者難為功，摧枯朽者易為力，其固然也。故據漢受命，譜十八王，月而列之，天下一統，乃以年數。訖于孝文，異姓盡矣。

Qin having already styled itself emperor, feared Zhou's fall, attributing it to recluses' unrestrained criticism, feudal lords' violent contention, and invasions from the four quarters, so that weakness led to seizure of their domain. Thereupon it abolished the five ranks, razed walls and melted weapons, silenced speech and burned books, eliminated the bold and talented within, repelled the Hu and Yue without, and centralized awe-inspiring authority to secure peace for ten thousand generations. Yet within little more than ten years, fierce foes arose from unexpected quarters; conscript armies proved stronger than the Five Hegemons; commoners were pressed as by the Rong and Di; men answered the call of slander and revolt, raising arms whose force matched armored soldiers. Qin's prohibitions had precisely supplied resources for the bold and heroic and hastened its own destruction. Therefore Han lacked even a foot of territory as a foothold, relied on a single sword's commission, and within five years accomplished the imperial enterprise. In what the writings record, there had never been such a thing. Why was this? When ancient ages changed rulers, each inherited the sage kings' stature; Han alone took over the isolated Qin's liabilities. To carve in metal and stone is hard to achieve merit; to crush the withered and rotten is easy to exert force—such is the way of things. Accordingly, based on Han's receiving the Mandate, the eighteen kings were chronicled and listed month by month; when the realm was unified, reckoning was by years. By Emperor Wen's reign, those of different surnames were gone.

公元前	漢	楚				趙		齊			雍	塞	翟	燕		魏		韓
206	元年一月	西楚霸王項籍始，為天下主，命立十八王。	王吳芮始，故番君。	王共敖始，故楚柱國。	王英布始，故楚將。	王張耳始，故趙將	廿七王趙歇始，故趙王。	王田都始，故齊將。	王田安始，故齊將。	二十王田市始，故齊王。	王章邯始，故秦將。	王司馬欣始，故秦長史。	王董翳始，故秦都尉。	王臧荼始，故燕將。	三十王韓廣始，故燕王。	十九王魏豹始，故魏王。	王司馬卬始，故趙將。	廿二王韓成始，故韓王。	王申陽始，故楚將。
	二月	二都彭城。	二都邾。	二都江陵。	二都六。	二都襄國。	廿八都代。	二都臨淄。	二都博陽。	廿一都即墨。	二都廢丘。	二都櫟陽。	二都高奴。	二都薊。	卅一都無終。	二十都平陽。	二都朝歌。	廿三都陽翟。	二都雒陽。
	三月	三	三	三	三	三	廿九	三	三	廿二	三	三	三	三	卅二	廿一	三	廿四	三
	四月	四	四	四	四	四	三十	四田榮擊都，降楚。	四	廿三	四	四	四	四	卅三	廿二	四	廿五	四
	五月	五	五	五	五	五	卅一	五王田榮始，故齊相。	五	廿四田榮擊殺市。屬齊。	五	五	五	五	卅四	廿三	五	廿六	五
	六月	六	六	六	六	六	卅二	二	六田榮擊殺安。屬齊。		六	六	六	六	卅五	廿四	六	廿七項籍誅成。	六
	七月	七	七	七	七	七	卅三	三			七邯守廢丘，漢圍之。	七欣降漢。	七翳降漢。	七	卅六臧荼擊殺廣。屬燕。	廿五	七	王鄭昌始，項王立之。	七
	八月	八	八	八	八	八	卅四	四			八	屬漢，為渭南、河上郡。	屬漢，為上郡。	八		廿六	八	二	八
	九月	九	九	九	九	九耳降漢。	卅五歇復趙王。	五			九			九		廿七	九	三	九陽降漢。
205	十月	十	十	十	十	代王歇還王趙。	歇以陳餘為代王，號成安君。	六			十漢拔我隴西			十		廿八	十	王韓信始，漢立之。	屬漢，為河南郡。
	十一月	十一	十一	十一	十一	卅七	二	七			十一			十一		廿九	十一	二
	十二月	十二	十二	十二	十二	卅八	三	項籍擊榮，走平原，民殺之。			十二漢拔我北地。			十二		卅	十二	三
	二年一月	二年一月	二年一月	十三	二年一月	卅九	四	二項籍復立故齊王田假為王。			二年一月			二年一月		卅一	十三	四
	二月	二	二	十四	二	四十	五	田榮弟橫反城陽，擊假，假奔楚。殺假。			二			二		卅二豹降，為王。	十四卬降漢。	五
	三月項王三萬人破漢兵五十六萬。	三	三	十五	三	四十一	六	王廣始，故田榮子，橫立之。			三			三		卅三從漢伐楚。	屬漢，為河內郡。	六從漢伐楚。
	四月	四	四	十六	四	四十二	七	二			四			四		卅四豹歸，畔漢。		七
	五月	五	五	十七	五	四十三	八	三			五漢殺邯。屬漢為中地、隴西、北地郡。			五		卅五		八
	六月	六	六	十八	六	四十四	九	四						六		卅六		九
	七月	七	七	十九	七	四十五	十	五						七		卅七		十
	八月	八	八	廿	八	四十六	十一	六						八		卅八漢將韓信擊虜豹。		十一
	九月	九	九	廿一	九	四十七	十二	七						九		屬漢，為河東、上黨郡。		十二
204	十月	十	十	廿二	十	四十八漢滅歇。	十三	八						十				二年一月
	十一月	十一	十一	廿三	十一		屬漢，為太原郡。	九						十一				二
	十二月	十二	十二	廿四	布降漢。			十						十二				三
	三年一月	三年一月	三年一月	廿五				十一						三年一月				四
	二月	二	二	廿六				十二						二				五
	三月	三	三	廿七				十三						三				六
	四月	四圍漢滎陽。	四	廿八				十四						四				七
	五月	五	五	廿九				十五						五				八
	六月	六	六	卅				十六						六				九
	七月	七	七	卅一				十七						七				十
	八月	八	八	子尉嗣為王。				十八						八				十一
	九月	九	九	二				十九						九				十二
203	十月	十	十	三				廿						十				三年一月
	十一月	十一漢將韓信擊殺龍且。	十一	四		復趙，王張耳始，漢立之。		廿一漢將韓信擊殺廣。屬漢，為郡。						十一				二
	十二月	十二	十二	五		二								十二				三
	四年一月	四年一月	四年一月	六		三			齊國。					四年一月				四
	二月	二	二	七		四			王韓信始，漢立之。					二				五
	三月	三	三	八		五			二					三				六
	四月	四	四	九		六			三					四				七
	五月	五	五	十		七			四					五				八
	六月	六	六	十一	更為淮南國。	八			五					六				九
	七月	七	七	十二	王英布始，漢立之。	九			六					七				十
	八月	八	八	十三	二	十			七					八				十一
	九月	九	九	十四	三	十一			八					九反。漢誅荼。		置梁國。		十二		初置長沙國。
202	五年即皇帝位。	正月漢誅籍。王韓信始。	十芮徙長沙。	十二月漢虜尉。	二年	十二月乙丑，耳薨。	以太原為國。		徙韓信王楚。					後九月，王盧綰始，故太尉。		王彭越始。		四年		二月乙未，王吳芮始，六月，薨。
201	六年	十一月信廢為侯。			三	一子敖嗣為王。	王韓信始。九月，信反，降匈奴。							二		二		五信徙太原。		成王臣嗣。
200	七年				四	二								三		三				二
199	八年				五	三敖廢為侯								四		四				三
198	九年				六									五		五				四
197	十年				七									六		六越反，誅。				五
196	十一年				八布反，誅。									綰反，降匈奴。						六
195	十二年																			七
194	孝惠元年																			八
193	二年																			哀王回嗣。
192	三年																			二
191	四年																			三
190	五年																			四
189	六年																			五
188	七年	初置魯國。		初置淮陽國。		復置常山國。		初置呂國。												六
187	高后元年	四月，王張偃始，高后外孫。		四月辛卯，王強始，高后所詐立孝惠子。		四月辛卯，王不疑始，高后所詐立孝惠子。		四月辛卯，王呂台始，高后兄子。												七
186	二年	二		二		不疑薨，諡曰哀，無子。十月癸丑，王義始，故襄城候。		台薨，諡曰肅。子嘉嗣為王。												共王若嗣。
185	三年	三		三		二		二												二
184	四年	四		四		義立為帝。五月丙辰，王朝始，故軹侯。		三												三
183	五年	五		五強薨，諡曰懷，無子。		二		四												四
182	六年	六		王武始，故壺關侯。		三		嘉坐驕廢。十一月，王呂產始。										初置梁國。		五
181	七年	七		二		四	趙王呂祿始，高后兄子。	產徙梁。十一月丁巳，王大始，故平昌侯。						初置燕國。				二月，王呂產始。		六
180	八年	八偃廢為侯。		三武以非子誅。		五朝以非子誅。	八月，漢大臣共誅祿。							七月癸丑，王呂通。八月，漢大臣共誅通。				二漢大臣共誅產。		七
179	孝文元年																			八
178	二年																			靖王產嗣。
177	三年																			二
176	四年																			三
175	五年																			四
174	六年																			五
173	七年																			六
172	八年																			七
171	九年																			八
170	十年																			九
169	十一年																			十
168	十二年																			十一
167	十三年																			十二
166	十四年																			十三
165	十五年																			十四
164	十六年																			十五
163	後元元年																			十六
162	二年																			十七
161	三年																			十八
160	四年																			十九
159	五年																			二十
158	六年																			二十一
157	七年																			二十二來朝，薨。無子，國除。

BCE	Han	Chu				Zhao		Qi			Yong	Sai	Di	Yan		Wei		Han
206	First year, first month	Hegemon-King of Western Chu Xiang Yu began, became lord of all under Heaven, and ordered the establishment of the eighteen kings	King Wu Rui began, former lord of Fan	King Gong Ao began, formerly pillar of the state of Chu	King Ying Bu began, former Chu general	King Zhang Er began, former Zhao general	[27] King Zhao Xie began, formerly King of Zhao	King Tian Du began, former Qi general	King Tian An began, former Qi general	[20] King Tian Shi began, formerly King of Qi	King Zhang Han began, former Qin general	King Sima Xin began, former Qin Chancellor	King Dong Yi began, former Qin Commandant	King Zang Tu began, former Yan general	[30] King Han Guang began, formerly King of Yan	[19] King Wei Bao began, formerly King of Wei	King Sima Ang began, former Zhao general	[22] King Han Cheng began, formerly King of Han	King Shen Yang began, former Chu general
	Second month	Second month, capital at Pengcheng	Second month, capital at Zhu	Second month, capital at Jiangling	Second month, capital at Liu	Second month, capital at Xiangguo	28th month, capital at Dai	Second month, capital at Linzi	Second month, capital at Boyang	21st month, capital at Jimo	Second month, capital at Feiqiu	Second month, capital at Yiyang	Second month, capital at Gaonu	Second month, capital at Ji	31st month, capital at Wuzhong	20th month, capital at Pingyang	Second month, capital at Zhaoge	23rd month, capital at Yangdi	Second month, capital at Luoyang
	Third month	Three	Three	Three	Three	Three	Twenty-nine	Three	Three	Twenty-two	Three	Three	Three	Three	Thirty-two	Twenty-one	Three	Twenty-four	Three
	Fourth month	Four	Four	Four	Four	Four	Thirty	Fourth month: Tian Rong attacked the capital and submitted to Chu	Four	Twenty-three	Four	Four	Four	Four	Thirty-three	Twenty-two	Four	Twenty-five	Four
	Fifth month	Five	Five	Five	Five	Five	Thirty-one	Fifth month: King Tian Rong began, formerly chancellor of Qi	Five	Twenty-fourth month: Tian Rong attacked and killed Shi. Subordinated to Qi	Five	Five	Five	Five	Thirty-four	Twenty-three	Five	Twenty-six	Five
	Sixth month	Six	Six	Six	Six	Six	Thirty-two	Two	Sixth month: Tian Rong attacked and killed An. Subordinated to Qi		Six	Six	Six	Six	Thirty-five	Twenty-four	Six	Twenty-seventh month: Xiang Yu executed Han Cheng	Six
	Seventh month	Seven	Seven	Seven	Seven	Seven	Thirty-three	Three			Seventh month: Zhang Han held Feiqiu; Han besieged it	Seventh month: Xin surrendered to Han	Seventh month: Yi surrendered to Han	Seven	Thirty-sixth month: Zang Tu attacked and killed Guang. Subordinated to Yan	Twenty-five	Seven	King Zheng Chang began, Xiang Wang established him	Seven
	Eighth month	Eight	Eight	Eight	Eight	Eight	Thirty-four	Four			Eight	Came under Han, made into Weinan and Heshang commanderies	Came under Han, made into Shang commandery	Eight		Twenty-six	Eight	Two	Eight
	Ninth month	Nine	Nine	Nine	Nine	Ninth month: Er surrendered to Han	Thirty-five: Xie restored as Zhao king	Five			Nine			Nine		Twenty-seven	Nine	Three	Ninth month: Yang surrendered to Han
205	Tenth month	Ten	Ten	Ten	Ten	Dai King Xie returned to be king of Zhao	Xie made Chen Yu king of Dai, titled him Cheng'an Lord	Six			Tenth month: Han seized Longxi from us			Ten		Twenty-eight	Ten	King Han Xin began, Han established him	Came under Han, made into Henan commandery
	Eleventh month	Eleven	Eleven	Eleven	Eleven	Thirty-seven	Two	Seven			Eleven			Eleven		Twenty-nine	Eleven	Two
	Twelfth month	Twelve	Twelve	Twelve	Twelve	Thirty-eight	Three	Xiang Ji attacked Rong, fled to Pingyuan, people killed him			Twelfth month: Han seized Beidi from us			Twelve		Thirty	Twelve	Three
	Second year, first month	Second year, first month	Second year, first month	Thirteen	Second year, first month	Thirty-nine	Four	Two: Xiang Ji again established former Qi King Tian Jia as king			Second year, first month			Second year, first month		Thirty-one	Thirteen	Four
	Second month	Two	Two	Fourteen	Two	Forty	Five	Tian Rong's younger brother Heng rebelled in Chengyang, attacked Jia, Jia fled to Chu. Killed Jia			Two			Two		Thirty-two: Bao surrendered, became king	Fourteen: Ang surrendered to Han	Five
	Third month: Lord Xiang with thirty thousand men defeated Han forces numbering five hundred sixty thousand	Three	Three	Fifteen	Three	Forty-one	Six	King Guang began, former son of Tian Rong, Heng established him			Three			Three		Thirty-three: Followed Han to attack Chu	Came under Han, made into Henei commandery	Sixth month: followed Han to attack Chu
	Fourth month	Four	Four	Sixteen	Four	Forty-two	Seven	Two			Four			Four		Thirty-four: Bao returned, rebelled against Han		Seven
	Fifth month	Five	Five	Seventeen	Five	Forty-three	Eight	Three			Fifth month: Han killed Zhang Han. Came under Han, as Zhongdi, Longxi, and Beidi commanderies			Five		Thirty-five		Eight
	Sixth month	Six	Six	Eighteen	Six	Forty-four	Nine	Four						Six		Thirty-six		Nine
	Seventh month	Seven	Seven	Nineteen	Seven	Forty-five	Ten	Five						Seven		Thirty-seven		Ten
	Eighth month	Eight	Eight	Twenty	Eight	Forty-six	Eleven	Six						Eight		Thirty-eight: Han general Han Xin attacked and captured Bao		Eleven
	Ninth month	Nine	Nine	Twenty-one	Nine	Forty-seven	Twelve	Seven						Nine		Came under Han, made into Hedong and Shangdang commanderies		Twelve
204	Tenth month	Ten	Ten	Twenty-two	Ten	Forty-eight: Han extinguished Xie	Thirteen	Eight						Ten				Second year, first month
	Eleventh month	Eleven	Eleven	Twenty-three	Eleven		Came under Han, made into Taiyuan commandery	Nine						Eleven				Two
	Twelfth month	Twelve	Twelve	Twenty-four	Bu surrendered to Han			Ten						Twelve				Three
	Third year, first month	Third year, first month	Third year, first month	Twenty-five				Eleven						Third year, first month				Four
	Second month	Two	Two	Twenty-six				Twelve						Two				Five
	Third month	Three	Three	Twenty-seven				Thirteen						Three				Six
	Fourth month	Four: Surrounded Han at Xingyang	Four	Twenty-eight				Fourteen						Four				Seven
	Fifth month	Five	Five	Twenty-nine				Fifteen						Five				Eight
	Sixth month	Six	Six	Thirty				Sixteen						Six				Nine
	Seventh month	Seven	Seven	Thirty-one				Seventeen						Seven				Ten
	Eighth month	Eight	Eight	Son Wei succeeded as king				Eighteen						Eight				Eleven
	Ninth month	Nine	Nine	Two				Nineteen						Nine				Twelve
203	Tenth month	Ten	Ten	Three				Twenty						Ten				Third year, first month
	Eleventh month	Eleven: Han general Han Xin attacked and killed Long Ju	Eleven	Four		Restored Zhao, King Zhang Er began, Han established him		Twenty-first month: Han general Han Xin attacked and killed Guang. Came under Han, made into a commandery						Eleven				Two
	Twelfth month	Twelve	Twelve	Five		Two								Twelve				Three
	Fourth year, first month	Fourth year, first month	Fourth year, first month	Six		Three			Qi state					Fourth year, first month				Four
	Second month	Two	Two	Seven		Four			King Han Xin began, Han established him					Two				Five
	Third month	Three	Three	Eight		Five			Two					Three				Six
	Fourth month	Four	Four	Nine		Six			Three					Four				Seven
	Fifth month	Five	Five	Ten		Seven			Four					Five				Eight
	Sixth month	Six	Six	Eleven	Changed to become Huainan state	Eight			Five					Six				Nine
	Seventh month	Seven	Seven	Twelve	King Ying Bu began, Han established him	Nine			Six					Seven				Ten
	Eighth month	Eight	Eight	Thirteen	Two	Ten			Seven					Eight				Eleven
	Ninth month	Nine	Nine	Fourteen	Three	Eleven			Eight					Ninth month: rebelled; Han executed Tu		Established Liang state		Twelve		Initially established Changsha state
202	Fifth year: Ascended the emperor position	First month: Han executed Ji. King Han Xin began	Tenth month: Rui moved to Changsha	Twelfth month: Han captured Wei	Second year	Twelfth month, yichou day: Er passed away	Made Taiyuan into a state		Moved Han Xin to be king of Chu					Later ninth month: King Lu Wan began, former Grand Commandant		King Peng Yue began		Fourth year		Second month, yiwei day: King Wu Rui began, sixth month, passed away
201	Sixth year	Eleventh month: Xin demoted to marquis			Three	One: Son Ao succeeded as king	King Han Xin began. Ninth month: Xin rebelled, surrendered to Xiongnu							Two		Two		Fifth month: Xin moved to Taiyuan		Cheng King Chen succeeded
200	Seventh year				Four	Two								Three		Three				Two
199	Eighth year				Five	Three: Ao demoted to marquis								Four		Four				Three
198	Ninth year				Six									Five		Five				Four
197	Tenth year				Seven									Six		Sixth month: Yue rebelled and was executed				Five
196	Eleventh year				Eighth month: Bu rebelled and was executed									Wan rebelled, surrendered to Xiongnu						Six
195	Twelfth year																			Seven
194	Filial Hui, first year																			Eight
193	Second year																			Ai King Hui succeeded
192	Third year																			Two
191	Fourth year																			Three
190	Fifth year																			Four
189	Sixth year																			Five
188	Seventh year	Initially established Lu state		Initially established Huaiyang state		Restored Changshan state		Initially established Lü state												Six
187	Gaohou, first year	Fourth month: King Zhang Yan began, Gaohou's maternal grandson		Fourth month, xinmao day: King Qiang began, Gaohou's fraudulently established Filial Hui son		Fourth month, xinmao day: King Buyi began, Gaohou's fraudulently established Filial Hui son		Fourth month, xinmao day: King Lü Tai began, Gaohou's elder brother's son												Seven
186	Second year	Two		Two		Buyi passed away, posthumous name Ai, no sons. Tenth month, guichou day: King Yi began, former Xiangcheng marquis		Tai passed away, posthumous name Su. Son Jia succeeded as king												Gong King Ruo succeeded
185	Third year	Three		Three		Two		Two												Two
184	Fourth year	Four		Four		Yi established as emperor. Fifth month, bingchen day: King Chao began, former Zhi marquis		Three												Three
183	Fifth year	Five		Wu Qiang passed away, posthumous name Huai, no sons		Two		Four												Four
182	Sixth year	Six		King Wu began, former Huguan marquis		Three		Jia was deposed because of arrogance. Eleventh month: King Lü Chan began										Initially established Liang state		Five
181	Seventh year	Seven		Two		Four	Zhao King Lü Lu began, Gaohou's elder brother's son	Chan moved to Liang. Eleventh month, dingsi day: King Da began, former Pingchang marquis						Initially established Yan state				Second month: King Lü Chan began		Six
180	Eighth year	Yan was deposed to marquis		Three Wu were executed because they were not sons		Five Chao were executed because they were not sons	Eighth month: Han ministers together executed Lu							Seventh month, guichou day: King Lü Tong. Eighth month: Han ministers together executed Tong				Han ministers together executed Chan		Seven
179	Xiaowen, first year																			Eight
178	Second year																			Jing King Chan succeeded
177	Third year																			Two
176	Fourth year																			Three
175	Fifth year																			Four
174	Sixth year																			Five
173	Seventh year																			Six
172	Eighth year																			Seven
171	Ninth year																			Eight
170	Tenth year																			Nine
169	Eleventh year																			Ten
168	Twelfth year																			Eleven
167	Thirteenth year																			Twelve
166	Fourteenth year																			Thirteen
165	Fifteenth year																			Fourteen
164	Sixteenth year																			Fifteen
163	Houyuan, first year																			Sixteen
162	Second year																			Seventeen
161	Third year																			Eighteen
160	Fourth year																			Nineteen
159	Fifth year																			Twenty
158	Sixth year																			Twenty-one
157	Seventh year																			Twenty-two came to court and passed away. No sons, state abolished

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