Table of Kings and Marquises

昔周監於二代，三聖制法，立爵五等，封國八百，同姓五十有餘。周公、康叔建於魯、衛，各數百里；太公於齊，亦五侯九伯之地。詩載其制曰：「介人惟藩，大師惟垣。大邦惟屏，大宗惟翰。懷德惟寧，宗子惟城。母俾城壞，毋獨斯畏。」所以親親賢賢，褒表功德，關諸盛衰，深根固本，為不可拔者也。故盛則周、邵相其治，致刑錯；衰則五伯扶其弱，與共守。自幽、平之後，日以陵夷，至虖阨挢河洛之間，分為二周，有逃責之臺，被竊鈇之言。然天下謂之共主，彊大弗之敢傾。歷載八百餘年，數極德盡，既於王赧，降為庶人，用天年終。號位已絕於天下，尚猶枝葉相持，莫得居其虛位，海內無主，三十餘年。

In ancient times, the Zhou observed the Xia and Shang dynasties. Three sages established laws, creating five ranks of nobility and enfeoffing eight hundred states, with over fifty bearing the same surname. The Duke of Zhou and Duke Kang were established in Lu and Wei, each several hundred li in size; The Grand Duke in Qi also held territory equivalent to five marquises and nine earls. The Book of Poetry records their system: 'The great men serve as the screen, the grand master as the wall.' The great states serve as the screen, the great lineage as the pillar.' Cherishing virtue brings peace, the lineage sons serve as the ramparts.' Do not let the ramparts crumble, do not stand alone in fear.' This served to favor relatives and honor the worthy, to praise and display meritorious deeds, connecting it to prosperity and decline, deeply rooting and solidifying the foundation, making it unshakeable. Therefore in times of prosperity, Zhou and Shao assisted in governance, leading to the laying aside of punishments; in times of decline, the five hegemons supported its weakness and guarded it together. After Kings You and Ping, it declined day by day, until it was confined between the Yellow River and Luo River, divided into two Zhou states, with the Terrace of Evading Responsibility, suffering the reproach of the stolen axe. Yet the world still regarded it as the common ruler, and even the powerful dared not overthrow it. It lasted over eight hundred years, its mandate exhausted and virtue depleted, until King Nan descended to commoner status and died a natural death. Its title and position were already extinguished from the world, yet like branches and leaves supporting each other, none could occupy its empty throne, leaving the realm without a master for over thirty years.

秦據勢勝之地，騁狙詐之兵，蠶食山東，壹切取勝。因矜其所習，自任私知，姍笑三代，盪滅古法，竊自號為皇帝，而子弟為��夫，內亡骨肉本根之輔，外亡尺土藩翼之衛。陳、吳奮其白挺，劉、項隨而斃之。故曰，周過其曆，秦不及期，國勢然也。

Qin occupied strategically advantageous territory, deployed cunning and treacherous troops, gradually encroaching on the eastern regions, achieving victory in every endeavor. Prideful in their accustomed ways and relying on personal wisdom, they mocked the three ancient dynasties, obliterated ancient laws, presumptuously called themselves emperor while making their sons and younger brothers marquises, lacking internally the support of close kin and externally the protection of vassal territories. Chen and Wu raised their simple staffs in rebellion, but Liu and Xiang followed and destroyed them. Therefore it is said: Zhou outlasted its allotted span, Qin fell short of its time, such are the inevitable ways of state power.

漢興之初，海內新定，同姓寡少，懲戒亡秦孤立之敗，於是剖裂疆土，立二等之爵。功臣侯者百有餘邑，尊王子弟，大啟九國。自鴈門以東，盡遼陽，為燕、代。常山以南，太行左轉，度河、濟，漸于海，為齊、趙。穀、泗以往，奄有龜、蒙，為梁、楚。東帶江、湖，薄會稽，為荊吳。北界淮瀕，略廬、衡，為淮南。波漢之陽，亙九嶷，為長沙。諸侯北境，周市三垂，外接胡越。天子自有三河、東郡、潁川、南陽，自江陵以西至巴蜀，北自雲中至隴西，與京師內史凡十五郡，公主、列侯頗邑其中。而藩國大者夸州兼郡，連城數十，宮室百官同制京師，可謂撟枉過其正矣。雖然，高祖創業，日不暇給，孝惠享國又淺，高后女主攝位，而海內晏如，亡狂狡之憂，卒折諸呂之難，成太宗之業者，亦賴之於諸侯也。

At the beginning of the Han dynasty, the realm was newly pacified, same-surname relatives were scarce, learning from Qin's defeat due to isolation, thus dividing the territories and establishing two ranks of nobility. Meritorious officials enfeoffed as marquises held over a hundred districts, imperial sons and younger brothers were honored, and nine great kingdoms were established. From Yanmen eastward to Liaoyang, these territories became the kingdoms of Yan and Dai. South of Changshan Mountain, where the Taihang turns left, crossing the Yellow River and Ji River, extending to the sea, these territories became the kingdoms of Qi and Zhao. From the Gu and Si rivers onward, encompassing the regions of Gui and Meng, these territories became the kingdoms of Liang and Chu. Eastward bordering the Yangtze and Hu regions, approaching Kuaiji, these territories became the kingdoms of Jing and Wu. North bordering the Huai River banks, encompassing the regions of Lu and Heng, these territories became the kingdom of Huainan. South of the surging Han River, extending to the Jiuyi Mountains, these territories became the kingdom of Changsha. The northern borders of the feudal kingdoms encircled the three frontiers, externally connecting to the Xiongnu and Yue peoples. The emperor himself controlled the commanderies of Sanhe, Dongjun, Yingchuan, and Nanyang, from Jiangling westward to Bashu, northward from Yunzhong to Longxi, together with the Inner Capital District making fifteen commanderies total, with princesses and marquises holding considerable fiefs within them. The great vassal states boasted of combining provinces and commanderies, controlling dozens of connected cities, with palaces and officials modeled exactly on the capital—one might say they bent the crooked far beyond what is straight. Although this was the case, Gaozu's founding enterprise left no time to spare, Emperor Hui's reign was brief, Empress Gao was a female ruler holding power, yet the realm remained peaceful without worries of madness and treachery, ultimately crushing the Lü family's rebellion and completing Emperor Taizong's enterprise—all thanks to the support of the feudal lords.

然諸侯原本以大，末流濫以致溢，小者淫荒越法，大者睽孤橫逆，以害身喪國。故文帝采賈生之議分齊、趙，景帝用晁錯之計削吳、楚。武帝施主父之冊，下推恩之令，使諸侯王得分戶邑以封子弟，不行黜陟，而藩國自析。自此以來，齊分為七趙分為六，梁分為五，淮南分為三。皇子始立者，大國不過十餘城。長城、燕、代雖有舊名，皆亡南北邊矣。景遭七國之難，抑損諸侯，減黜其官。武有衡山、淮南之謀，作左官之律，設附益之法，諸侯惟得衣食稅租，不與政事。

Yet the feudal lords originally grew powerful, but eventually became excessive through abuse—the smaller ones dissipated and broke the law, the greater ones became alienated and rebellious, harming themselves and destroying their states. Therefore Emperor Wen adopted Jia Yi's proposal to divide Qi and Zhao, Emperor Jing used Chao Cuo's strategy to reduce Wu and Chu. Emperor Wu implemented Zhu Fu's memorial and issued the decree of extending favor, allowing the feudal kings to divide their households and territories to enfeoff their sons and younger brothers, without implementing the system of promotion and demotion, causing the vassal states to divide themselves. From this time onward, Qi was divided into seven parts, Zhao into six, Liang into five, and Huainan into three. Imperial sons newly established as kings had great kingdoms that did not exceed more than ten cities. Though Changcheng, Yan, and Dai retained their old names, they all lost their northern and southern frontiers. Jing faced the crisis of the seven kingdoms' rebellion, suppressed the feudal lords, and reduced and demoted their officials. Wu faced the rebellions of Hengshan and Huainan, created the law of left officials, established the method of attaching benefits, so that feudal lords only received clothing and food from taxes and rents, and did not participate in government affairs.

至於哀、平之際，皆繼體苗裔，親屬疏遠，生於帷牆之中，不為士民所尊，勢與富室亡異。而本朝短世，國統三絕，是故王莽知漢中外殫微，本末俱弱，亡所忌憚，生其姦心；因母后之權，假伊周之稱，顓作威福廟堂之上，不降階序而運天下。詐謀既成，遂據南面之尊，分遣五威之吏，馳傳天下，班行符命。漢諸侯王厥角绷首，奉上璽韍，惟恐在後，或乃稱美頌德，以求容媚，豈不哀哉！是以究其終始彊弱之變，明監戒焉。

By the time of Emperors Ai and Ping, all were mere descendants continuing the line, their relatives had grown distant, born within palace walls, not respected by scholars and commoners, their power no different from wealthy families. And the present dynasty suffered short reigns with the imperial line broken three times, therefore Wang Mang knew that Han was exhausted both internally and externally, weak in both root and branch, had nothing to fear, and gave birth to his treacherous ambitions; relying on the empress dowager's authority and borrowing the names of Yi Yin and the Duke of Zhou, he monopolized power and fortune in the ancestral temple above, without descending the steps of rank to govern the world. His deceitful schemes having succeeded, he then occupied the southern-facing throne, dispatched his five awe-inspiring officials, sent imperial messengers galloping throughout the world, distributing and executing the talismans and mandates. The Han feudal kings curled their horns and bound their heads in submission, presented the imperial seals and ribbons, fearing to be last, some even praised and extolled virtue to curry favor—how lamentable! Therefore, by thoroughly examining the changes of strength and weakness from beginning to end, we clearly take warning from them.

號諡	屬	始封	子	孫	曾孫	玄孫	六世	七世
楚元王交	高帝弟。	六年正月丙午立，二十三年薨。	孝文二年，夷王郢客嗣，四年薨。	六年，王戊嗣，二十一年，孝景三年，反，誅。
			孝景四年，文王禮以元王子平陸侯紹封，三年薨。	七年，安王道嗣，二十二年薨。	元朔元年，襄王注嗣，十二年薨。	元鼎元年，節王純嗣，十六年薨。	天漢元年，王延壽嗣，三十二年，地節元年，謀反，誅。
代王喜	高帝兄。	正月壬子立，七年，為匈奴所攻，棄國自歸，廢為郃陽侯，孝惠二年薨。	吳高祖十二年十月辛丑，王濞以故代王子沛侯立，四十二年，孝景三年，反，誅。
齊悼惠王肥	高帝子	正月壬子立，十三年薨。	孝惠七年，哀王襄嗣，十二年薨。	孝文二年，文王則嗣，十四年薨，亡後。
			孝文十六年，孝王將閭以悼惠王子楊虛侯紹封，十一年薨。	孝景四年，懿王壽嗣，二十三年薨。	元光四年，厲王次昌嗣，五年薨，亡後。
			城陽孝文二年二月乙卯，景王章以悼惠王子朱虛侯立，二年薨。	四年，共王喜嗣，八年，徙淮南，四年，復還，凡三十三年薨。	孝景後元年，頃王延嗣，二十六年薨。	元狩六年，敬王義嗣，九年薨。	元封三年，惠王武嗣，十一年薨。	天漢四年，荒王順嗣，四十六年薨。
			八世甘露三年，戴王恢嗣，八年薨。	九世永光元年，孝王景嗣，二十四年薨。	十世鴻嘉二年，哀王雲嗣，一年薨，亡後。永始元年，王俚以雲弟紹封，二十五年，王莽篡位，貶為公，明年廢。
			濟北二月乙卯，王興居以悼惠王子東牟侯立，二年謀反，誅。
			菑川十六年四月丙寅，懿王志以悼惠王子安都侯立為濟北王，十一年，孝景四年，徙菑川，三十五年薨。	元光六年，靖王建嗣，二十年薨。	元封二年，頃王遺嗣，三十五年薨。	元平元年，思王終古嗣，二十八年薨。	初元三年，考王尚嗣，六年薨。	永光四年，孝王橫嗣，三十一年薨。
			八世元延四年，懷王友嗣，六年薨。	九世建平四年，王永嗣，十二年，王莽篡位，貶為公，明年廢。
			濟南四月丙寅，王辟光以悼王子扐侯立，十一年反，誅。
			菑川四月丙寅，王賢以悼惠王子武城侯立，十一年反，誅。
			膠西四月丙寅，王卬以悼惠王子平昌侯立，十一年反，誅。
			膠東四月丙寅，王熊渠以悼惠王子白石侯立，十一年反，誅。
荊王賈	高帝從父弟。	六年正月丙午立，六年十二月，為英布所攻，亡後。
淮南厲王長	高帝子。	十一年十月庚午立，二十三年，孝文六年，謀反，廢徙蜀，死雍。	十六年四月丙寅，王安以厲王子阜陵侯紹封，四十三年，元狩元年，謀反，自殺。
			衡山四月丙寅，王賜以厲王子陽周侯立為廬江王，十二年，徙衡山，四十三年，謀反，自殺。
			濟北四月丙寅，王勃以厲王子安陽侯立為衡山王，十二年，徙濟北，一年薨，諡曰貞王。	孝景六年，成王胡嗣，五十四年薨。	天漢四年，王寬嗣，十一年，後二年，謀反，自殺。
趙隱王如意	高帝子。	九年四月立，十二年，為呂太后所殺，亡後。
代王	高帝子。	十一年正月丙子立，十七年，高后八年，為皇帝。
趙共王恢	高帝子。	十一年三月丙午，為梁王，十六年，高后七年，徙趙，其年自殺，亡後。
趙幽王友	高帝子。	十一年三月丙寅，立為淮陽王，二年，徙趙，十四年，高后七年，自殺。	孝文元年，王遂以幽王子紹封，二十六年，孝景三年，反，誅。
			河間孝文二年三月乙卯，文王辟彊以幽王子立，十三年薨。	十五年，哀王福嗣，一年薨，亡後。
燕靈王建	高帝子。	十二年二月甲午立，十五年，高后七年，薨。呂太后殺其子。
燕敬王澤	高帝從祖昆弟。	高后七年，以營陵侯立為琅邪王，二年，孝文元年，徙燕，二年薨。	三年，康王嘉嗣，二十六年薨。	孝景六年，王定國嗣，二十四年，坐禽獸行，自殺。

Titles and Posthumous Names.	Branch/Category.	First Enfeoffed.	Son.	Grandson.	Great-grandson.	Great-great-grandson.	Sixth Generation.	Seventh Generation.

右高祖十一人。吳隨父，凡十二人。

Above are Gaozu's eleven kings. Wu following his father, making a total of twelve people.


梁懷王揖	文帝子。	二年二月乙卯立，十年薨，亡後。
梁孝王武	文帝子。	二月乙卯，立為代王，三年，徙為淮陽王，十年，徙梁，三十五年薨。	孝景後元年，恭王買嗣，七年薨。	建元五年，平王襄嗣，四十年薨。	太始元年，貞王毋傷嗣，十一年薨。	始元二年，敬王定國嗣，四十年薨。	初元四年，夷王遂嗣，六年薨。	永光五年，荒王嘉嗣，十五年薨。
		八世陽朔元年，王立嗣，二十七年，元始三年，有罪，廢，徙漢中，自殺。元始五年二月丁酉，王音以孝王玄孫之曾孫紹封，五年，王莽篡位，貶為公，明年廢。
		濟川孝景中六年五月丙戌，王明以孝王子桓邑侯立，七年，建元三年，坐殺中傅，廢遷房陵。
		濟東五月丙戌，王彭離以孝王子立，二十九年，坐殺人，廢遷上庸。
		山陽五月丙戌，哀王定以孝王子立，九年薨，亡後。
		濟陰五月丙戌，哀王不識以孝王子立，二年薨，亡後。
代孝王參	文帝子。	二月乙卯，立為太原王，三年，更為代王，七年薨。	孝文後三年，恭王登嗣，二十九年薨。	清河元光三年，剛王義嗣，十九年，元鼎三年，徙清河，三十八年薨。	太始三年，頃王陽嗣，二十五年薨。	地節元年，王年嗣，四年，坐與同產妹姦，廢遷房陵，與邑百家。	廣宗元始二年四月丁酉，王如意以孝王玄孫之子紹封，七年，王莽篡位，貶為公，明年廢。

右孝文三人。齊、城陽、兩濟北、濟南、菑川、膠西、膠東、趙、河間、淮南、衡山十二人隨父，凡十五人。

Above are Xiaowen's three kings. Qi, Chengyang, the two Jibei, Jinan, Zichuan, Jiaoxi, Jiaodong, Zhao, Hejian, Huainan, and Hengshan - twelve kings following their father, making a total of fifteen people.


河間獻王德	景帝子。	二年三月甲寅立，二十六年薨。	元光六年，共王不周嗣，四年薨。	元朔四年，剛王基嗣，十二年薨。	元鼎四年，頃王緩嗣，十七年薨。	天漢四年，孝王慶嗣，四十三年薨。	五鳳四年，王元嗣，十七年，建昭元年，坐殺人，廢遷房陵。
臨江哀王閼	景帝子。	三月甲寅立，三年薨，亡後。
魯共王餘	景帝子。	三月甲寅，立為淮陽王，二年，徙魯，二十八年薨。	元朔元年，安王光嗣，四十年薨。	後元元年，孝王慶忌嗣，三十七年薨。	甘露三年，頃王封嗣，二十八年薨。	陽朔二年，文王晳嗣，十九年薨，亡後。
江都易王非	景帝子。	三月甲寅，立為汝南王，二年，徙江都，二十八年薨。	元朔二年，王建嗣，六年，元狩二年，謀反，自殺。	廣世元始二年四月丁酉，王宮以易王庶孫盱眙侯子紹封，五年，王莽篡位，貶為公，明年廢。
趙敬肅王彭祖	景帝子。	二月甲寅，立為廣川王，四年，徙趙，六十三年薨。	征和元年，頃王昌嗣，十九年薨。	本始元年，懷王尊嗣，五年薨。
長沙定王發	景帝子。	三月甲寅立，二十八年薨。	元朔二年，戴王庸嗣，二十七年薨。	天漢元年，頃王附朐嗣，十七年薨。	始元四年，剌王建德嗣，三十四年薨。	黃龍元年，煬王旦嗣，二年薨，亡後。
膠西于王端	景帝子。	三年六月乙巳立，四十七年，元封三年薨，亡後。
中山靖王勝	景帝子。	六月乙巳立，四十二年薨。	元鼎五年，哀王昌嗣，二年薨。	元封元年，㐄王昆侈嗣，二十一年薨。	征和四年，頃王輔嗣，三年薨。	始元元年，憲王福嗣，十七年薨。	地節元年，懷王脩嗣，十五年薨，亡後。	廣德鴻嘉二年八月，夷王雲客以懷王從父弟子紹封，一年薨，亡後。
膠東王	景帝子。	四年四月乙巳立，四年為皇太子。
臨江愍王榮	景帝子。	七年十一月己酉，以故皇太子立，三年，坐侵廟壖地為宮，自殺。
廣川惠王越	景帝子。	中二年四月乙巳立，十二年薨。	建元五年，繆王齊嗣，四十五年薨。	征和二年，王去嗣，二十二年，本始四年，坐亨姬不道，廢徙上庸，予邑百戶。
膠東康王寄	景帝子。	四月乙巳立，二十八年薨。	元狩三年，哀王賢嗣，十四年薨。	元封五年，戴王通平嗣，二十四年薨。	始元五年，頃王音嗣，五十四年薨。	河平元年，恭王授嗣，十四年薨。	永始三年，王殷嗣，二十三年，王莽篡位，貶為公，明年廢。
清河哀王乘	景帝子。	中三年三月丁酉立，十二年薨，亡後。
常山憲王舜	景帝子。	中五年三月丁巳立，三十二年薨。	元鼎三年，王勃嗣，坐憲王喪服姦，廢徙房陵。

右孝景十四人。楚、濟川、濟東、山陽、濟陰五人隨父，凡十九人。

Above are Xiaojing's fourteen kings. Chu, Jichuan, Jidong, Shanyang, and Jiyin - five kings following their father, making a total of nineteen people.


齊懷王閎	武帝子。	元狩六年四月乙巳立，八年，元封元年薨，亡後。
燕剌王旦	武帝子。	四月乙巳立，三十七年，元鳳元年，坐謀反，自殺。	廣陽本始元年五月，頃王建以剌王子紹封，二十九年薨。	初元五年，穆王舜嗣，二十一年薨。	陽朔二年，思王璜嗣，二十一年薨。	建平四年，王嘉嗣，十二年，王莽篡位，貶為公，明年廢。
廣陵厲王胥	武帝子。	四月乙巳立，六十三年，五鳳四年，坐祝詛上，自殺。	初元二年三月壬申，孝王霸以厲王子紹封，十三年薨。	建昭五年，共王意嗣，十三年薨。	建始二年，哀王護嗣，十五年薨，亡後。
昌邑哀王髆	武帝子。	天漢四年六月乙丑立，十一年薨。	始元元年，王賀嗣，十二年，徵為昭帝後，立二十七日，以行淫亂，廢歸故國，予邑三千戶。

右孝武四人。六安、真定、泗水、平干四人隨父，凡八人。

Above are Xiaowu's four kings. Liuan, Zhending, Sishui, and Pingqian - four kings following their father, making a total of eight people.


淮陽憲王欽	宣帝子。	元康三年四月丙子立，三十六年薨。	河平二年，文王玄嗣，二十六年薨。	元壽二年，王縯嗣，十九年，王莽篡位，貶為公，明年廢。
東平思王宇	宣帝子。	甘露二年十月乙亥立，三十二年薨。	鴻嘉元年，煬王雲嗣，十六年，建平三年，坐祝詛上，自殺。	元始元年二月丙辰，王開明嗣，立五年薨，亡後。
楚孝王囂	宣帝子。	十月乙亥，立為定陶王，四年，徙楚，二十八年薨。	陽朔元年，懷王芳嗣，一年薨，亡後。
中山哀王竟	宣帝子。	初元二年二月丁巳，立為清河王，五年，徙中山王，十三年薨，亡後。

右孝宣四人。燕王繼絕，高密隨父，凡六人。

Above are Xiaoxuan's four kings. The Yan King continued an extinct line, Gaomi followed his father, making a total of six people.

右孝元二人。廣陵繼絕，凡三人。孝成時河間、廣德、定陶三國，孝哀時廣平一國，孝平時東平、中山、廣德、廣世、廣宗五國，皆繼絕。

Above are Xiaoyuan's two kings. Gangling continued an extinct line, making a total of three people. During Emperor Cheng's reign: Hejian, Guangde, and Dingtao - three kingdoms. During Emperor Ai's reign: Guangping - one kingdom. During Emperor Ping's reign: Dongping, Zhongshan, Guangde, Guangshi, and Guangzong - five kingdoms. All of these continued extinct royal lines.

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