1
虞詡字升卿，陳國武平人也。 [一]祖父經，為郡縣獄吏，案法平允，務存寬恕，每冬月上其狀，恆流涕隨之。 嘗稱曰：「東海於公高為里門，而其子定國卒至丞相。 [二]吾決獄六十年矣，雖不及於公，其庶幾乎！ 子孫何必不為九卿邪？」
Yu Xu, whose courtesy name was Shengqing, came from Wuping in the principality of Chen. His grandfather Jing had been a clerk in the district jail; he judged cases evenhandedly and took care to be merciful. Each winter when he forwarded his written verdicts, he would follow them with tears. He had once said: "When Elder Yu of Donghai built his village gate high, his son Yu Dingguo eventually rose to chancellor." [Note 2] “I have heard cases for sixty years; I may not measure up to Elder Yu, but I hope I come close.” Why should their descendants not rise to the Nine Ministers?"
2
故字詡曰升卿。 注[一]武平故城在今亳州鹿邑縣東北。 酈元水經注雲武平城西南七里有漢尚書令虞詡碑，題云「君諱詡，字定安，虞仲之後」。 定安蓋詡之別字也。
So he gave the boy the courtesy name Shengqing—"rising minister." Note: The site of old Wuping lies northeast of present-day Luyi County in Bozhou. Li Daoyuan’s *Shui jing zhu* records a Han stele to Grandee Secretary Yu Xu seven li southwest of Wuping, which gives his name as Xu, his other style as Ding’an, and calls him a descendant of Yu Zhong. Ding’an was apparently another courtesy name for Yu Xu.
3
注[二]前書，於定國字曼倩，東海人。 其父於公為縣獄吏、郡決曹，所決皆不恨，為之生立祠。 其門閭壞，父老方共修之，於公曰：「少高大閭門，令容駟馬高蓋車。 我決獄多陰德，未嘗有所冤，子孫必有興者。 」至定國為丞相，孫永為御史大夫也。
Note: The *Hanshu* says Yu Dingguo, courtesy name Manqian, was from Donghai. His father, Elder Yu, had served as county jailer and commandery chief clerk for criminal decisions; no one resented his verdicts, and the people built him a living shrine. When the gate needed repair and the elders were rebuilding it, Elder Yu told them: "Make the lane gate higher—wide enough for a four-in-hand with a tall canopy. My judgments have built up hidden merit—I have never convicted the innocent. Our line will prosper." It came true: Dingguo reached the chancellorship, and his grandson Yong became imperial clerk."
4
詡年十二，能通尚書。 早孤，孝養祖母。 縣舉順孫，國相奇之，欲以為吏。 詡辭曰：「祖母九十，非詡不養。 」相乃止。 後祖母終，服闋，辟太尉李修府，拜郎中。 [一]注[一]漢官儀曰：「修字伯游，襄城人也。」
At twelve he had mastered the *Book of Documents*. Orphaned early, he devoted himself to caring for his grandmother. The county recommended him as a model grandson; the kingdom’s chancellor was impressed and wanted to give him a post. Yu Xu declined. “My grandmother is ninety; I alone can support her. ” The chancellor dropped the idea.” After she died and he had finished mourning, he was called to the office of Grand Commandant Li Xiu and appointed gentleman of the palace. Note: The *Han guan yi* gives Li Xiu’s courtesy name as Boyou and says he was from Xiangcheng.
5
永初四年，羌胡反亂，殘破並、涼，大將軍鄧騭以軍役方費，事不相贍，欲□涼州，並力北邊，乃會公卿集議。 騭曰：「譬若衣敗，壞一以相補，猶有所完。
In Yongchu 4 (110 CE) the Qiang and frontier peoples rose in revolt and laid waste to Bing and Liang. Grand General Deng Zhi, seeing the burden of the campaigns, proposed abandoning Liang Province to concentrate forces on the northern border, and called a meeting of the high officials. Deng Zhi said, “It is like a worn-out coat: you sacrifice one piece to patch another, and the whole can still hold together.
6
若不如此，將兩無所保。 」議者鹹同。 詡聞之，乃說李修曰：「竊聞公卿定策當□涼州，求之愚心，未見其便。 先帝開拓土字，劬勞後定，而今憚小費，舉而□之。 涼州既□，即以三輔為塞； 三輔為塞，則園陵單外。 此不可之甚者也。
If we do not, we may lose both.” The debaters all concurred. Yu Xu heard this and pressed Li Xiu: “I understand the court means to give up Liang Province. I see no good in that.” Our late sovereigns won that land at great cost, and we would throw it away to save a little money.” If Liang goes, the capital region becomes the border; and with the tombs of our emperors left naked on the outer rim.” Nothing could be worse than that.”
7
喭曰：『關西出將，關東出相。 』[一]觀其習兵壯勇，實過余州。 今羌胡所以不敢入據三輔，為心腹之害者，以涼州在後故也。 其土人所以推鋒執銳，無反顧之心者，為臣屬於漢故也。 若□其境域，徙其人庶，安土重遷，必生異志。 如使豪雄相聚，席捲而東，[二]雖賁、育為卒，太公為將，猶恐不足當御。 議者喻以補衣猶有所完，詡恐其疽食侵淫而無限極。 □之非計。 」[三]修曰：「吾意不及此。 微子之言，幾敗國事。 然則計當安出？ 」詡曰：「今涼土擾動，人情不安，竊憂卒然有非常之變。 誠宜令四府九卿，[四]各辟彼州數人，其牧守令長子弟皆除為□官，[五]外以勸厲，荅其功勤，內以拘致； 防其邪計。 」修善其言，更集四府，皆從詡議。 於是辟西州豪桀為掾屬，拜牧守長吏子弟為郎，以安慰之。 注[一]說文曰：「喭，傳言也。 」前書曰：「秦、漢以來，山東出相，山西出將。」
The saying runs: ‘West of the passes breeds commanders; east of them, ministers.’ ’ [1] In drill and courage they outmatch the other regions.” The Qiang do not dare push into the capital region because Liang lies at their rear.” Its people fight without looking back because they are loyal subjects of Han.” Deprive them of their land and resettle the population, and people who hate to leave home will turn against us.” If strong leaders rally and sweep eastward, [2] even with warriors like Meng Ben and Xia Yu in the ranks and a commander like the Taigong, we might not hold them.” They compare this to patching a coat—mine is the fear of an ulcer that spreads without end.” Abandoning Liang is no strategy.” ” [3] Li Xiu said, “I had not thought so far.” Without you I might have ruined the realm.” What do you advise?” Yu Xu replied, “Liang is unsettled and the people uneasy; I fear a sudden crisis.” The four chief ministries and the nine ministers [4] should each recruit several men from Liang; sons of governors and magistrates should be given posts at court [5]—to honor their service abroad and keep their families here as hostages. That blocks treacherous designs. Li Xiu endorsed this, reconvened the four offices, and they adopted Yu Xu’s plan. They recruited western notables as aides and gave gentlemen’s appointments to officials’ sons to reassure the region. Note: The *Shuowen* defines *yan* as a saying passed down. The *Hanshu* adds: ‘Since Qin and Han, Shandong has yielded ministers and Shanxi generals.’
8
秦時郿白起，頻陽王翦； 漢興，義渠公孫賀、傅介子，成紀李廣、李蔡，上邽趙充國，狄道辛武賢：皆名將也。 丞相，則蕭、曹、魏、丙、韋、平、孔、翟之類也。
Under the Qin: Bai Qi of Mei, Wang Jian of Pinyang; After Han’s rise: Gongsun He and Fu Jiezi of Yiqu, Li Guang and Li Cai of Chenji, Zhao Chongguo of Shanggui, Xin Wuxian of Didao—each a celebrated commander. Chancellors such as Xiao He, Cao Shen, Wei Xiang, Bing Ji, Wei Xian, Ping Dang, Kong Guang, and Zhai Fangjin represent the east.
9
注[二]席捲言無餘也。 前書曰「雲徹席捲，後無餘□」也。
Note: *Xijuan* (mat-rolling) means leaving nothing behind. The *Hanshu* quotes: ‘The clouds clear, the mat is rolled up—nothing survives after.’ (The last character is missing in the source.)
10
注[三]疽，癰瘡也。
Note: *Ju* is an abscess or running sore.
11
注[四]四府謂太傅、太尉、司徒、司空之府也。 九卿謂太常、光祿、衛尉、廷尉、太僕、大鴻臚、宗正、大司農、少府等也。
Note: The ‘four offices’ are those of the grand tutor, grand commandant, minister of education, and minister of works. The nine ministers are the ministers of ceremonies, retainers, guards, justice, coachman, herald, imperial clan, agriculture, and privy treasury.
12
注[五]□，散也，音人勇反。
Note: The glossed word means ‘dispersed’; reading *reng* (ren-yong fan).
13
鄧騭兄弟以詡異其議，因此不平，欲以吏法中傷詡。 後朝歌賊寧季等數千人攻殺長吏，屯聚連年，州郡不能禁，乃以詡為朝歌長。 故舊皆吊詡曰：「得朝歌何衰！ 」詡笑曰：「志不求易，事不避難，臣之職也。 不遇盤根錯節，何以別利器乎？ 」始到，謁河內大守馬稜。 [一]稜勉之曰：「君儒者，當謀謨廟堂，反在朝歌邪？ 」詡曰：「初除之日，士大夫皆見吊勉。 以詡譸之，知其無能為也。 [二]朝歌者，韓、魏之郊，[三]背太行，臨黃河，去敖倉百里，[四]而青、冀之人流亡萬數。 賊不知開倉招觿，劫庫兵，守城戲，斷天下右臂，[五]此不足憂也。
Deng Zhi’s brothers resented Yu Xu’s dissent and looked for a legal pretext to ruin him. When thousands under Ning Ji of Chaoge murdered officials and the locality could not suppress them for years, Yu Xu was named magistrate of Chaoge. Friends commiserated: “Chaoge—what bad luck!” Yu Xu laughed. “An official does not choose easy goals or shrink from hard duty.” Without gnarled roots, how do you test a blade?” On arrival he called on Ma Ling, governor of Henei. Ma Ling tried to buck him up: “You are a scholar—you belong at court planning policy, not in Chaoge.” Yu Xu said, “When the appointment came, everyone offered condolences.” They were taking my measure—they assumed I would fail.” [2] Chaoge lies between old Han and Wei, [3] with Taihang at its back and the Yellow River before it, [4] a hundred li from the Aocang granaries, and tens of thousands of displaced people from Qing and Ji in the area.” The rebels have not seized the granaries, armed themselves from the arsenal, or held the city walls—they have not cut off the empire’s right arm. [5] They are nothing to fear.
14
今其觿新盛，難與爭鋒。 兵不猒權，願寬假轡策，勿令有所拘閡而已。 」[六]及到官，設令三科以募求壯士，自掾史以下各舉所知，其攻劫者為上，傷人偷盜者次之，帶喪服而不事家業為下。 收得百餘人，詡為饗會，悉貰其罪，使入賊中，誘令劫掠，乃伏兵以待之，遂殺賊數百人。 又潛遣貧人能縫者，傭作賊衣，以采綖縫其裾為幟，[七]有出巿裡者，吏輒禽之。 賊由是駭散，咸稱神明。
Their forces are at full strength; we cannot meet them head-on. War allows stratagem—only grant me a free hand and do not tie me down.” ” [6] Once in office he issued three classes of recruitment: clerks nominated candidates—robbers and raiders first, then assaulters and thieves, last those in mourning who neglected their households. He gathered over a hundred such men, feasted them, remitted their sentences, and sent them to lure the bandits out—then ambushed them and killed hundreds. He also sent poor seamstresses to sew the rebels’ clothes, stitching colored thread in the hems as a secret mark [7]; anyone who appeared in the market was arrested. The bandits broke and fled; the people called him uncanny.
15
遷懷令。 注[一]稜字伯威，援族孫也。
He was promoted to magistrate of Huai. Note: Ma Ling’s courtesy name was Bowen; he was a collateral descendant of Ma Yuan.
16
注[二]譸當作「籌」也。
Note: The character *zhou* should read *chou* (‘to reckon’).
17
注[三]韓界上黨，魏界河內，相接犬牙，故雲郊也。
Note: Han met Shangdang; Wei met Henei—the frontiers interlocked, hence ‘borderland.’
18
注[四]敖倉在滎陽，解具安紀也。
Note: Aocang lay at Xingyang; see the annals of Emperor An for detail.
19
注[五]右臂，喻要便也。
Note: ‘Right arm’ means a strategic choke point.
20
注[六]閡與「礙」同。
Note: The glossed word *ai* means "obstruction," homophonous with the usual graph for "hinder."
21
注[七]幟，記也。 續漢書曰「以絳縷縫其裾」也。
Note: *Zhi* is a marker or tally. The *Xu Han shu* reads: ‘They sewed crimson thread into the hems.’
22
後羌寇武都，鄧太后以詡有將帥之略，遷武都太守，引見嘉德殿，厚加賞賜。
When the Qiang struck Wudu, Empress Dowager Deng, impressed by Yu Xu’s generalship, made him governor of Wudu, received him in the Jiade Hall, and rewarded him generously.
23
羌乃率觿數千，遮詡於陳食、崤谷，詡即停軍不進，而宣言上書請兵，須到當發。 羌聞之，乃分鈔傍縣，詡因其兵散，日夜進道，兼行百餘里。 令吏士各作兩醋，日增倍之，羌不敢逼。 或問曰：「孫臏減醋而君增之。 [一]兵法日行不過三十里，以戒不虞，[二]而今日且二百里。 何也？ 」詡曰：「虜觿多，吾兵少。
The Qiang mustered thousands and blocked him near Canshi and Yaogu Pass; Yu Xu halted and announced he was waiting for reinforcements he had requested before marching. The Qiang dispersed to raid neighboring counties; Yu Xu drove his men day and night and covered over a hundred li at forced marches. He ordered each soldier to carry two camp kettles and doubled the apparent number daily; the Qiang hesitated to engage, expecting reinforcements. Someone asked: “Sun Bin reduced the number of mess-kits day by day; you increase yours.” [1] Doctrine says thirty li a day to stay ready for surprise—[2] yet we are doing nearly two hundred. Why? Yu Xu replied: "They outnumber us."
24
徐行則易為所及，速進則彼所不測。 虜見吾醋日增，必謂郡兵來迎。 觿多行速，必憚追我。 孫臏見弱，吾今示強，埶有不同故也。 」注[一]孫臏為齊軍將，與魏龐涓戰，使齊軍入魏地，為十萬醋，明日為五萬醋，明日為三萬醋。 龐涓行三日，大喜曰：「我固知齊卒怯。 入吾地三日，士卒亡過半矣。 」事見史記。
A slow march invites pursuit; speed leaves them guessing. When they see more kettles each day they will think county levies are joining us. They are numerous but moving fast—they will not dare chase us. Sun Bin feigned weakness; I feign strength—the situations differ. ” Comment: Sun Bin commanded Qi against Wei’s Pang Juan and made his army appear to shrink—one day a hundred thousand kettles, the next fifty thousand, the next thirty thousand. After three days Pang Juan exulted: “I knew the Qi troops were cowards. They have been in our land three days and more than half have deserted.” The story is in the *Shiji*.
25
注[二]前書王吉上疏曰：「古者師行三十里，吉行五十里。」
Note: The *Hanshu* cites Wang Ji’s memorial—armies once marched thirty li a day, his fifty.
26
既到郡，兵不滿三千，而羌觿萬餘，攻圍赤亭數十日。 [一]詡乃令軍中，使強弩勿發，而潛發小弩。 羌以為矢力弱，不能至，並兵急攻。 詡於是使二十強弩共射一人，發無不中，羌大震，退。 詡因出城奮擊，多所傷殺。 明日悉陳其兵觿，令從東郭門出，北[二]郭門入，貿易衣服，回轉數周。 羌不知其數，更相恐動。 詡計賊當退，乃潛遣五百餘人於淺水設伏，候其走路。 虜果大奔，因掩擊，大破之，斬獲甚觿，賊由是敗散，南入益州。 詡乃占相地埶，築營壁百八十所，招還流亡，假賑貧人，郡遂以安。 注[一]赤亭故城在今渭州襄武縣東南，有赤亭水也。
He reached the commandery with fewer than three thousand men; over ten thousand Qiang had besieged Chiting for many days. [1] Yu Xu ordered his men to hold the heavy crossbows in reserve and shoot only the light ones. The Qiang assumed the bolts were too weak to reach them and launched a full assault. He then had twenty crossbowmen concentrate on single targets—every bolt hit—and the Qiang broke and pulled back. Yu Xu sallied from the city and cut down many of them. The next day he paraded his whole force out the east gate, back in through the north gate [2], had them swap coats, and marched the column around several times. Unable to count his men, the Qiang panicked among themselves. Expecting a retreat, he hid five hundred men in the shallows along their line of flight. They fled in disorder; Yu Xu ambushed them, won a crushing victory, and took many heads and prisoners. The rebels scattered south into Yi Province. He surveyed the ground, threw up a hundred eighty outposts, brought refugees home, fed the destitute, and restored calm to the commandery. Note: Old Chiting lay southeast of present-day Xiangwu in Weizhou, beside the Chiting River.
27
注[二]一作「西」。
Note: Another edition reads “west” instead of “north.”
28
先是運道艱險，舟車不通，驢馬負載，僦五致一。 [一]詡乃自將吏士，案行川谷，自沮至下辯[二]數十里中，皆燒石翦木，開漕船道，[三]以人僦直雇借傭者，於是水運通利，歲省四千餘萬。 詡始到郡，戶裁盈萬。 及綏聚荒余，招還流散，二三年閒，遂增至四萬餘戶。 鹽米豐賤，十倍於前。 [四]坐法免。 注[一]廣雅曰：「僦，賃也。 」音子救反。 僦五致一謂用五石賃而致一石也。
Supply lines had been treacherous: where carts and boats failed, pack animals carried freight at ruinous cost—five loads paid for one delivered. [1] He led his men along the valley from Ju to Xia Bian [2], blasted rock and cut timber, and opened a navigable channel [3], paying laborers a fair wage. River transport improved and the commandery saved over forty million cash a year. When he arrived, the register listed barely ten thousand households. Within two or three years of resettling the countryside and recalling exiles, households rose above forty thousand. Salt and grain became cheap—ten times cheaper than before. [4] He was later removed from office for a legal infraction. Note: The *Guangya* glosses *jiu* as “hire.” Reading: *zi-jiu* fan. “Five for one” meant paying five *dan* in transport costs to move one *dan* of grain.
29
注[二]沮及下辯並縣名。 沮，今興州順政縣也。 下辯，今成州同谷縣也。 沮音七余反。
Note: Ju and Xia Bian were both county seats. Ju is present-day Shunzheng in Xingzhou. Xia Bian is present-day Tonggu in Chengzhou. Reading: *qi-yu* fan (the place-name 沮).
30
注[三]續漢書曰「下辯東三十餘里有峽，中當泉水，生大石，障塞水流，每至春夏，輒溢沒秋稼，壞敗營郭。 詡乃使人燒石，以水灌之，石皆坼裂，因鐫去石，遂無泛溺之患」也。
Note: The *Xu Han shu* describes a gorge east of Xia Bian where a boulder dammed the stream, flooding fields each spring. Yu Xu fired the stone, poured water on it to crack it, and removed the debris—ending the floods.
31
注[四]續漢書曰：「詡始到，谷石千，鹽石八千，見戶萬三千。 視事三歲，米石八十，鹽石四百，流人還歸，郡戶數萬，人足家給，一郡無事」。
Note: The *Xu Han shu* records that on his arrival grain cost a thousand and salt eight thousand per *dan*, with thirteen thousand households. After three years grain fell to eighty cash and salt to four hundred; refugees returned; households numbered in the tens of thousands; the commandery was untroubled.
32
注[二]韓詩外傳曰「昔者衛大夫史魚病且死，謂其子曰：『我數言蘧伯玉之賢而不能進，彌子瑕不肖不能退。 為人臣生不能進賢而退不肖，死不當理喪正堂，殯我於室足矣。 』衛君問其故，子以父言聞，君乃立召蘧伯玉而貴之，彌子瑕而退之，徙殯於正堂，成禮而後去」也。
Note: The *Han shi waizhuan* quotes Minister Shi Yu of Wei on his deathbed: “I praised Qu Boyu’s virtue yet failed to promote him; I knew Mizi Xia was base yet failed to dismiss him. As a minister who failed to elevate the good and remove the bad, I should not lie in the main hall—bury me in the side chamber.” The Wei lord asked why; the son repeated his father’s words. The ruler summoned Qu Boyu and honored him, banished Mizi Xia, moved the coffin to the main hall, and finished the rites.
33
注[三]漢官儀曰：「敦字文理，京* (兆) **[縣]*人也。」
Note: The *Han guan yi* gives Wang Dun’s courtesy name as Wenli and his origin as Jing zhao) County.”
34
時中常侍張防特用權埶，每請托受取，詡輒案之，而屢寑不報。 詡不勝其憤，乃自系廷尉，奏言曰：「昔孝安皇帝任用樊豐，遂交亂嫡統，幾亡社稷。 今者張防復弄威柄，國家之禍將重至矣。 臣不忍與防同朝，謹自系以聞，無令臣襲楊震之跡。 」[一]書奏，防流涕訴帝，詡坐論輸左校。 防必欲害之，二日之中，傳考四獄。 獄吏勸詡自引，詡曰：「寧伏歐刀以示遠近。 」[二]宦者孫程、張賢等知詡以忠獲罪，乃相率奏乞見。 程曰：「陛下始與臣等造事之時，[三]常疾奸臣，知其傾國。 今者即位而復自為，何以非先帝乎？ 司隸校尉虞詡為陛下盡忠，而更被拘繫； 常侍張防臧罪明正，反構忠良。 今客星守羽林，其占宮中有奸臣。 [四]宜急收防送獄，以塞天變。 下詔出詡，還假印綬。 」時防立在帝后，程乃叱防曰：「奸臣張防，何不下殿！ 」防不得已，趨就東箱。 [五]程曰：「陛下急收防，無令從阿母求請。」
The eunuch Zhang Fang wielded great influence, soliciting favors and taking bribes; Yu Xu repeatedly impeached him, but the court buried each memorial. Beside himself, Yu Xu delivered himself to the Commandant of Justice and wrote: “Emperor An employed Fan Feng and nearly lost the throne. Zhang Fang now abuses power again—the disaster will repeat.” I cannot serve in the same court with him—I surrender myself lest I share Yang Zhen’s fate.” ” [1] Zhang Fang wept to the emperor; Yu Xu was sentenced to corvée in the Left Construction Corps. Fang meant to destroy him: within two days he was hauled through four jails for interrogation. Jailers urged a confession; Yu Xu said, “I would rather die under the headsman’s blade in full view of the realm.” ” [2] Eunuchs Sun Cheng and Zhang Xian, knowing he had been wronged, jointly petitioned for an audience. Sun Cheng said, “When we raised you to the throne [3], you hated corrupt ministers as ruinous to the state. Now you repeat their crimes—how does that differ from what you condemned in the late emperor?” Colonel of the Retainers Yu Xu has served you faithfully, yet he sits in chains; Zhang Fang’s guilt is plain, yet he slanders the loyal. A stray star stands over Yulin—the omen points to a traitor inside the palace. [4] Arrest Zhang Fang at once and pacify heaven’s warning.” An edict freed Yu Xu and restored his credentials. Zhang Fang stood behind the throne; Sun Cheng shouted, “You, traitor—get off the dais!” Zhang Fang slunk to the east gallery. [5] “Seize him now—do not let him beg your nurse for mercy.”
35
[六]帝問諸尚書，尚書賈朗素與防善，證詡之罪。 帝疑焉，謂程曰：「且出，吾方思之。 」於是詡子顗與門生百餘人，舉幡候中常侍高梵車，叩頭流血，訴言枉狀。 梵乃入言之，防坐徙邊，賈朗等六人或死或黜，即日赦出詡。 程復上書陳詡有大功，語甚切激。 帝感悟，復征拜議郎。 數日，遷尚書僕射。 注[一]震為樊豐所譖而死。
[6] The emperor asked the Masters of Writing; Jia Lang, Zhang Fang’s ally, testified against Yu Xu. The emperor hesitated: “Withdraw for now—I need to think.” Yu Yi led a hundred disciples to block Eunuch Gao Fan’s carriage, bloodying their foreheads with appeals of injustice. Gao Fan spoke for them: Zhang Fang was exiled, Jia Lang and six others died or were cashiered, and Yu Xu was freed that day. Sun Cheng memorialized again, praising Yu Xu’s service in fierce terms. The emperor relented and recalled him as a consultant. Within days he became vice director of the Masters of Writing. Note: Yang Zhen died after Fan Feng’s slander.
36
注[二]歐刀，刑人之刀也。
Note: The “Ou blade” is the headsman’s sword.
37
注[三]謂順帝為太子，被江京等廢為濟陰王，程等謀立之時也。
Note: This refers to the plot to restore Emperor Shun after his deposition as heir.
38
注[四]史記天官書曰「虛、危南有觿星，曰羽林」也。
Note: The *Shiji* “Celestial Offices” places the Yulin asterism south of Xu and Wei.
39
注[五]埤蒼云：「箱，序也。 」字或作「廂」。
Note: *Bicang* glosses *xiang* as “wing” or “side hall.” Some texts write the character as *xiang* (“gallery”).
40
注[六]阿母，宋娥也。
Note: The “nurse” is Song E.
41
是時長吏、二千石聽百姓□罰者輸贖，號為「義錢」，托為貧人儲，而守令因以聚斂。 詡上疏曰：「元年以來，貧百姓章言長吏受取百萬以上者，匈匈不絕，□罰吏人至數千萬，而三公、刺史少所舉奏。 尋永平、章和中，州郡以走卒錢給貸貧人，[一]司空劾案，州及郡縣皆坐免黜。 今宜遵前典，蠲除權制。 」於是詔書下詡章，切責州郡。 □罰輸贖自此而止。 注[一]走卒，伍伯之類也。 續漢志曰：「伍伯，公八人，中二千石六人，千石、六百石皆四人，自*[四]*百石以下至二百石皆二人。 黃綬。 武官伍伯，文官辟車。 鈴下、侍閣、門蘭、部署、街*[裡]*走卒，皆有程品，多少隨所典領，率皆赤幘縫□。 」即今行鞭杖者也。 此言錢者，令其出資錢，不役其身也。
Magistrates allowed “voluntary” fines in lieu of punishment, called “alms money” for the poor, which officials pocketed. (The source text has a damaged character in the phrase for those fined.) Yu Xu wrote: “Petitions flood in accusing officials who took millions; fines total tens of millions, yet the Three Dukes and inspectors rarely impeach anyone.” Under Yongping and Zhanghe similar “runner money” schemes drew impeachment from the minister of works and mass dismissals. We should follow those precedents and abolish these abuses.” An edict circulated his memorial and rebuked every province and commandery. The practice of buying off punishments ended. Note: “Runners” here means bailiffs such as village elders. The *Xu Han zhi* lists runners (*wu bo*) allotted by rank—eight for dukes down to two for lower salaries. Yellow ribbons. Military officers used runners; civil officers used carriage escorts. Grooms, ushers, gate guards, and street runners were graded by duty—mostly in red kerchiefs with colored trim (text damaged). These were the men who enforced floggings. The “cash” meant paying money instead of labor.
42
先是寧陽主簿詣闕，訴其縣令之枉，[一]積六七歲不省。 主簿乃上書曰：「臣為陛下子，陛下為臣父。 臣章百上，終不見省，臣豈可北詣單于以告怨乎？ 」帝大怒，持章示尚書，尚書遂劾以大逆。 詡駁之曰：「主簿所訟，乃君父之怨； 百上不達，是有司之過。 愚惷之人，不足多誅。 」帝納詡言，笞之而已。 詡因謂諸尚書曰：「小人有怨，不遠千里，斷髮刻肌，詣闕告訴，而不為理，豈臣下之義？ 君與濁長吏何親，而與怨人何仇乎？ 」聞者皆籩。 詡又上言：「台郎顯職，仕之通階。 今或一郡七八，或一州無人。 宜令均平，以厭天下之望。 」及諸奏議，多見從用。 注[一]寧陽，縣，屬東平國，故城在今兗州龔丘縣南也。
Earlier a Ningyang clerk petitioned about a corrupt magistrate [1]; six or seven years passed with no response. He wrote: “I am your son; you are my father. I submitted a hundred petitions with no answer—must I appeal to the Xiongnu chanyu?” The emperor raged and showed the memorial to the Masters of Writing, who charged the clerk with treason. Yu Xu objected: “He voiced a son’s grievance against a father figure; failure to answer a hundred petitions is the bureaucracy’s fault. The man is a fool—hardly worth execution.” The emperor accepted Yu Xu’s view and had him caned. He told the Masters of Writing: “When commoners travel a thousand li, mutilate themselves, and appeal at the gate, ignoring them is no way to govern. Why side with bad magistrates against those who seek justice?” His hearers were ashamed. He also wrote: “Palace gentlemen are prestigious posts—the standard path to office. Some commanderies hold seven or eight such posts; some provinces hold none. The quotas should be balanced to satisfy the empire.” Most of his memorials were adopted. Note: Ningyang County lay in Dongping; its old site was south of present Gongqiu in Yanzhou.
43
詡好刺舉，無所回容，[一]數以此忤權戚，遂九見譴考，三遭刑罰，而剛正之性，終老不屈。 永和初，遷尚書令，以公事去官。 朝廷思其忠，復征之，會卒。
Yu Xu made a habit of impeachment without pulling punches [1], repeatedly offending great families—nine investigations, three punishments—yet he never bent. Early in Yonghe he became director of the Masters of Writing but left office over an administrative matter. The court missed his loyalty and summoned him again; he died before answering.
44
臨終，謂其子恭曰：「吾事君直道，行己無愧，所悔者為朝歌長時殺賊數百人，其中何能不有冤者。 自此二十餘年，家門不增一口，斯獲罪於天也。 」注[一]回，曲也。
On his deathbed he told his son Gong: “I served with an honest heart, yet I regret executing hundreds as magistrate of Chaoge—some must have been innocent.” For more than twenty years since, no child has been born to our line—I have earned Heaven’s blame. Note: *Hui* here means “to bend” or “turn.”
45
恭有俊才，官至上黨太守。
Yu Gong was a man of talent and rose to governor of Shangdang.
46
傅燮字南容，北地靈州人也。 [一]本字幼起，慕南容三復白珪，乃易字焉。 [二]身長八尺，有威容。 少師事太尉劉寬。 再舉孝廉。 聞所舉郡將喪，乃□官行服。
Fu Xie, courtesy name Nanrong, came from Lingzhou in Beidi commandery. [1] His childhood name was Youqi; out of admiration for Nangong Tao’s habit of dwelling on the “flaw in the white jade,” he took Nanrong as his courtesy name. [2] He stood eight *chi* tall and carried himself with authority. As a young man he studied under Grand Commandant Liu Kuan. He was twice recommended as filial and incorrupt. When his patron who had nominated him died, he resigned his post to mourn. (The verb is damaged in the received text.)
47
後為護軍司馬，與左中郎*[將]*皇甫嵩俱討賊張角。 注[一]靈州，縣也。
He later served as protector-colonel of the army alongside Huangfu Song, general of the Left Center, against Zhang Jue. Note: Lingzhou was a county seat.
48
注[二]家語子貢對衛文子曰：「一日三復白珪之玷，是南宮絛之行也。 」王肅注云：「玷，缺也。 詩云：『白珪之玷，尚可磨也。 斯言之玷，不可為也。 』一日三復，慎之至也。」
Note: The *Kongzi jiayu* quotes Zigong’s praise of Nangong Tao’s scruple about the “flaw in the white jade.” Wang Su glosses *dian* as “blemish.” As the *Odes* say, “The blemish on white jade may still be polished away. But a flaw in one’s words cannot be mended.” To rehearse it three times in a day is the height of care.”
49
燮素疾中官，既行，因上疏曰：「臣聞天下之禍，不由於外，皆興於內。 是故虞舜升朝，先除四凶，然後用十六相。 [一]明惡人不去，則善人無由進也。 今張角起於趙、魏，黃巾亂於六州。 [二]此皆釁發蕭牆，而禍延四海者也。 臣受戎任，奉辭伐罪，始到穎川，戰無不□。 黃巾雖盛，不足為廟堂憂也。 臣之所懼，在於治水不自其源，末流彌增其廣耳。 陛下仁德寬容，多所不忍，故閹豎弄權，忠臣不進。 誠使張角梟夷，黃巾變服，臣之所憂，甫益深耳。 [三]何者？ 夫邪正之人不宜共國，亦猶冰炭不可同器。 [四]彼知正人之功顯，而危亡之兆見，皆將巧辭飾說，共長虛偽。 夫孝子疑於屢至，[五]巿虎成於三夫。 [六]若不詳察真偽，忠臣將復有杜郵之戮矣。 [七]陛下宜思虞舜四罪之舉，速行讒佞放殛之誅，[八]則善人思進，奸凶自息。 臣聞忠臣之事君，猶孝子之事父也。 子之事父，焉得不盡其情？ 使臣身備鈇鉞之戮，陛下少用其言，國之福也。 」書奏，宦者趙忠見而忿惡。 及破張角，燮功多當封，忠訴譖之，[九]靈帝猶識燮言，[一０]得不加罪，竟亦不封，以為安定都尉。 以疾免。 注[一]左傳曰，昔高陽氏有才子八人，蒼舒、隤摎、搗戭、大臨、尨降、庭堅、仲容、叔達，謂之八愷。 高辛氏有才子八人，伯奮、仲堪、叔獻、季仲、伯虎、仲熊、叔豹、季狸，謂之八元也。
Fu Xie despised the eunuchs. On campaign he memorialized: “Calamity does not come from abroad—it springs from within the court. That is why Shun executed the Four Fiends before he raised the sixteen worthy ministers.” [1] Evil men must be cleared away before good men can rise.” Zhang Jue has stirred Zhao and Wei; the Yellow Turbans ravage six provinces. [2] These disorders began inside the palace walls yet engulf the realm.” I took up arms at imperial order; from the day I reached Yingchuan I did not know defeat. (The text is damaged; the sense is that every engagement succeeded.) The Turbans themselves are not what should frighten the court. I fear you are treating the symptom—the flood spreads farther downstream.” Your mercy spares too many—eunuchs rule while loyal men stand idle.” Execute Zhang Jue and scatter the Turbans, and my deeper fear only begins.” [3] Why? The wicked and the righteous cannot govern together—ice and charcoal do not stay in the same bowl.” [4] Once honest officers succeed, the corrupt will crowd them with lies.” [5] Even a devoted son is doubted after repeated tales—as when three rumors invent a tiger in the market.” [6] Without judging truth from slander, loyal men will die like Bai Qi at Duyou.” [7] Act as Shun did against the four criminals—purge flatterers at once [8] so worthies advance and villains fall silent.” A loyal minister serves his sovereign as a son serves a father. How could a son hold anything back? Let me die by the axe if need be—only heed part of this advice and the realm will benefit.” The eunuch Zhao Zhong read it and was enraged. After Zhang Jue fell, Fu Xie deserved a fief; Zhao Zhong defamed him. Emperor Ling remembered Fu Xie’s earlier memorial [9][10], spared him punishment, denied him a noble rank, and named him commandant of the Equipage in Anding. Illness forced him out of office. Note: The *Zuozhuan* lists the “eight harmonious” worthies of Gaoyang. The Gaoxin clan had eight “primordial” worthies—another classical roll call.
50
注[二]皇甫嵩傳曰：「連結郡國，自青、徐、幽、冀、荊、楊、兗、豫八州之人，莫不畢應。 」此云「六州」，蓋初起時也。
Note: Huangfu Song’s biography says the uprising linked eight provinces. The text’s “six provinces” reflects the earliest phase of the rebellion.
51
注[三]甫，始也。
Note: *Fu* means “only then” or “beginning.”
52
注[四]韓子曰「冰炭不同器而久，寒暑不同時而至」也。
Note: *Han Feizi* contrasts ice and charcoal in one vessel.
53
注[五]甘茂對秦武王曰：「昔曾參之居費，魯人有與曾參同姓名者殺人，人告其母曰『曾參殺人』，其母織自若也。 又告之，其母自若也。 又告之，其母投杼下機，踰牆而走。 夫以曾參之賢與其母之信也，三人疑之，其母懼焉。 」見史記也。
Note: Gan Mao’s parable of Zeng Shen’s mother—rumor repeated erodes even trust. They told her again; she kept weaving. A third report sent her dropping her shuttle and fleeing over the wall. Even Zeng Shen’s virtue and a mother’s faith broke under three lies. The story appears in the *Shiji*.
54
注[六]解見馬援傳。
See Ma Yuan’s biography for the “market tiger” reference.
55
注[七]白起與應侯有隙，構之秦昭王，免起為士伍，遷之陰密。 行出咸陽西門十里，至杜郵，使賜□自裁。 見史記。 案杜郵，今咸陽城是其地。 酈元注水經雲渭水北有杜郵亭也。
Note: Bai Qi fell out with Fan Ju; the king reduced him to common rank and banished him toward Yinmi. Ten li west of Xianyang he reached Duyou and was ordered to kill himself. (Graph damaged.) See the *Shiji*. Duyou lay where modern Xianyang stands. Li Daoyuan places Duyou pavilion north of the Wei.
56
注[八]殛音紀力反。 殛亦誅也。
Reading for 殛: *ji-li* fan. *Ji* means “to strike dead” or execute.
57
注[九]續漢書曰：「燮軍斬賊三帥卜巳、張伯、梁仲寧等，功高為封首。」
Note: The *Xu Han shu* credits Fu Xie with killing Bo Yi, Zhang Bo, and Liang Zhongning.
58
注[一０]識，記也，音志。
Note: *Shi* (“to remember”) reads like *zhi*.
59
後拜議郎。 會西羌反，邊章、韓遂作亂隴右，征發天下，役賦無已。 司徒崔烈以為宜□涼州。 詔會公卿百官，烈堅執先議。 燮厲言曰：「斬司徒，天下乃安。」
He was later appointed gentleman consultant. When the western Qiang rebelled and Bian Zhang and Han Sui seized Longyou, levies and taxes ran without end. Minister of education Cui Lie urged abandoning Liang Province. The emperor convened the court; Cui Lie pressed his plan. Fu Xie shouted, “Behead the minister of education and the realm will be at peace.”
60
尚書郎楊贊奏燮廷辱大臣。 帝以問燮。 燮對曰：「昔冒頓至逆也，樊噲為上將，願得十萬觿橫行匈奴中，憤激思奮，未失人臣之節，顧計當從與不耳，季布猶曰『噲可斬也』。 [一]今涼州天下要磨，國家藩衛。 高祖初興，使酈商別定隴右；
Palace gentleman Yang Zan impeached Fu Xie for humiliating a senior minister. The emperor asked Fu Xie to explain. Fu Xie answered: “When Modu insulted the Han, Fan Kuai vowed to ride a hundred thousand men across the steppe. Ji Bu still said Fan Kuai deserved execution—the issue is whether bravado serves the state.” [1] Liang Province is the empire’s pivot and the northwest shield.” Gaozu sent Li Shang to secure Longyou;
61
[二]世宗拓境，列置四郡，議者以為斷匈奴右臂。 [三]今牧御失和，使一州叛逆，海內為之騷動，陛下臥不安寢。 烈為宰相，不念為國思所以弭之之策，乃欲割□一方萬里之土，臣竊惑之。 若使左衽之虜得居此地，[四]士勁甲堅，因以為亂，此天下之至慮，社稷之深憂也。 若烈不知之，是極蔽也； 知而故言，是不忠也。 」帝從燮議。 由是朝廷重其方格，[五]每公卿有缺，為觿議所歸。 注[一]冒頓，匈奴單于名也。 前書曰，季布為中郎將，單于為書嫚呂太后，呂太后怒，召諸將議之。 將軍樊噲曰：「願得十萬觿，橫行匈奴中。 」諸將皆阿太后，以噲言為然。 布曰：「樊噲可斬也！ 夫以高帝兵三十萬困於平城，噲時亦在其中。 今柰何以十萬觿橫行匈奴中！」
[2] Emperor Wu pushed the frontier west and planted the four commanderies—“cutting off the Xiongnu’s right arm,” strategists said. [3] Misrule has turned one province against you and shaken the empire—you lie awake at night.” Yet your chancellor would carve off the northwest rather than save it—I cannot fathom it. [4] Hand that ground to barbarians fully armed and you court disaster—the gravest danger to the dynasty.” If Cui Lie does not understand, he is blind; if he understands and still urges surrender, he is disloyal. The emperor accepted Fu Xie’s argument. The court admired his integrity [5]; whenever a high office fell vacant, officials looked to him. Note: Modu was a chanyu’s name. The *Hanshu* tells how the chanyu insulted Empress Lü and her generals met. Fan Kuai demanded a hundred thousand men to strike the Xiongnu. The generals flatters Lü and endorsed Fan Kuai. Ji Bu answered, “Execute Fan Kuai!” Gaodi’s three hundred thousand were trapped at Pingcheng—Fan Kuai was there. How dare he promise to ride roughshod over the steppe with a hundred thousand?”
62
注[二]前書，漢王賜酈商爵信成君，以將軍為隴西都尉，別定北地。
Note: Gaozu made Li Shang lord Xin Chengjun and sent him to pacify Longxi and Beidi.
63
注[三]前書，武帝分武威、酒泉，置張掖、敦煌，謂之四郡。 劉歆等議曰：「孝武帝北攘匈奴，降昆邪十萬之觿，置五屬國，起朔方，以奪其肥饒之地。 東伐朝鮮，起玄菟、樂浪，以斷匈奴之左臂。 西伐大宛，□*[三十]*六國，結烏孫，起敦煌、酒泉、張掖，以* (高) **[鬲]*婼羌，裂匈奴之右臂。 」婼音而遮反。
Note: Emperor Wu carved Wuwei and Jiuquan and added Zhangye and Dunhuang—the “four commanderies.” Liu Xin recalled how Emperor Wu drove the Xiongnu back, settled Kunxie’s people in five dependencies, and built Shuofang on their grazing lands. Eastward he took Korea and founded Xuantu and Lelang—“breaking the Xiongnu’s left arm.” Westward he subdued the Tarim states (text corrupt), allied Wusun, and raised Dunhuang, Jiuquan, and Zhangye— (text fragment “gao”) —to split the Gao-Ruo corridor and sever the Xiongnu’s right arm.” (Text badly damaged in transmission.) Reading for 婼: *er-zhe* fan.
64
注[四]說文曰：「衽，衣衿也。」
Note: The *Shuowen* defines *ren* as the lapel—here “barbarians of the left lapel.”
65
注[五]方，正也。 格猶標準也。
Note: *Fang* means upright. *Ge* also means a measuring line—here “integrity.”
66
頃之，趙忠為車騎將軍，詔忠論討黃巾之功，執金吾甄舉等謂忠曰：「傅南容前在東軍，有功不侯，故天下失望。 今將軍親當重任，宜進賢理屈，以副觿心。」
When Zhao Zhong became general of chariots and cavalry and was ordered to grade Yellow Turban rewards, Zhen Ju urged him: “Fu Xie earned no marquisate for the eastern campaign—the empire noticed.” “Use your power to reward the worthy and set justice right.”
67
忠納其言，遣弟城門校尉延致殷勤。 延謂燮曰：「南容少荅我常侍，萬戶侯不足得也。 」燮正色拒之曰：「遇與不遇，命也； 有功不論，時也。 傅燮豈求私賞哉！ 」忠愈懷恨，然憚其名，不敢害。 權貴亦多疾之，是以不得留，[一]出為漢陽太守。 注[一]一作「封」。
Zhao Zhong agreed and sent his brother Zhao Yan, commandant of the gates, with lavish gifts. Zhao Yan told Fu Xie, “Thank my brother the eunuch and a ten-thousand-household fief is yours.” Fu Xie refused coldly: “Recognition is a matter of fate; Whether merit wins reward depends on the times. Did Fu Xie ever chase a private payoff? Zhao Zhong hated him all the more but dared not touch him—Fu Xie’s reputation protected him. The great families blocked him from staying at court [1], so he was posted as governor of Hanyang. Note: One manuscript reads “could not be enfeoffed” instead of “could not remain.”
68
初，郡將范津明知人，舉燮孝廉。 及津為漢陽，與燮交代，合符而去，鄉邦榮之。 津字文淵，南陽人。 燮善恤人，叛羌懷其恩化，並來降附，乃廣開屯田，列置四十餘營。
Earlier Fan Jin, who knew talent, had recommended Fu Xie as filial and incorrupt. When Fan Jin became governor of Hanyang, he and Fu Xie exchanged seals in an orderly handover—folk praised the sight. Fan Jin, courtesy name Wenyuan, was from Nanyang. Fu Xie cared for the people; rebel Qiang who remembered his kindness surrendered. He opened military farms and built forty-odd camps.
69
時刺史耿鄙委任治中程球，球為通姦利，士人怨之。 [一]中平四年，鄙率六郡兵討金城賊王國、韓遂等。 燮知鄙失觿，必敗，諫曰：「使君統政日淺，人未知教。 孔子曰：『不教人戰，是謂□之。 』今率不習之人，越大隴之阻，將十舉十危，而賊聞大軍將至，必萬人一心。 邊兵多勇，其鋒難當，而新合之觿，上下未和，萬一內變，雖悔無及。 不若息軍養德，明賞必罰。 賊得寬挺，[二]必謂我怯，腢惡爭埶，其離可必。 然後率已教之人，討已離之賊，其功可坐而待也。
Inspector Geng Bi left affairs to adjutant Cheng Qiu, who took bribes—the gentry despised him. [1] In Zhongping 4 (187), Geng Bi led six commanderies against Wang Guo and Han Sui in Jincheng. Fu Xie warned him: “You have ruled briefly—the people hardly know your rule. Confucius said, “To send untrained men to war is to abandon them.” You march raw levies over Longshan—ten tries, ten dangers—while the rebels will unite against you.” Frontier troops fight hard, but your army is new and divided—one mutiny and it will be too late.” Better rest the men, build morale, and enforce clear rewards and punishments. [2] Give the enemy breathing space and they will think us afraid; their factions will quarrel and split.” Then strike a divided foe with trained troops—victory will come easily.”
70
今不為萬全之福，而就必危之禍，竊為使君不取。 」鄙不從。 行至狄道，果有反者，先殺程球，次害鄙，賊遂進圍漢陽。 城中兵少徹盡，燮猶固守。 注[一]漢官曰，司隸功曹從事，即持中也。
You trade certain safety for certain disaster—I urge you not to.” Geng Bi ignored him. At Didao the army mutinied—Cheng Qiu died first, then Geng Bi—and the rebels marched on Hanyang. The city had almost no defenders left, yet Fu Xie held firm. Note: The adjutant corresponded to the rank *chizhong*.
71
注[二]挺，解也。
Note: *Ting* here means “slack” or “ease.”
72
時北*[地]*胡騎數千隨賊攻郡，皆夙懷燮恩，共於城外叩頭，求送燮歸鄉里。
Thousands of Beidi Hu cavalry joined the siege—yet they owed Fu Xie kindness and begged to escort him safely home.
73
子干年十三，從在官舍。 知燮性剛，有高義，恐不能屈志以免，進諫曰：「國家昏亂，遂令大人不容於朝。 今天下已叛，而兵不足自守，鄉里羌胡[一]先被恩德，欲令□郡而歸，願必許之。 徐至鄉里，率厲義徒，見有道而輔之，以濟天下。 」言未終，燮慨然而歎，呼干小字曰：「別成，[二]汝知吾必死邪？ 蓋『聖達節，次守節』。 [三]且殷紂之暴，伯夷不食周粟而死，仲尼稱其賢。 [四]今朝廷不甚殷紂，吾德亦豈絕伯夷？ 世亂不能養浩然之志，[五]食祿又欲避其難乎？ [六]吾行何之，必死於此。 汝有才智，勉之勉之。 主簿楊會，吾之程嬰也。 」[七]干哽咽不能復言，左右皆泣下。 王國使故酒泉太守黃衍說燮曰：「成敗之事，已可知矣。 先起，上有霸王之業，下成伊呂之勳。 天下非復漢有，府君寧有意為吾屬師乎？ 」[八]燮案□叱衍曰：「若剖符之臣，反為賊說邪！ 」遂麾左右進兵，臨陣戰歿。 謚曰壯節侯。 注[一]燮，北地人，故雲鄉里也。
His thirteen-year-old son Fu Gan was with him in the yamen. Fu Gan knew his father’s iron sense of honor and urged him: “The court is rotten—you were driven out. The empire rises against us; we cannot hold this town. The Qiang remember your kindness—let them take you home.” Return home, gather loyal men, and aid whatever legitimate cause emerges.” Fu Xie cut him off with a sigh: “Biecheng—do you think I can survive? The sage bends before necessity; lesser men cling to principle.” [3] Tyrant Zhou was vile—Boyi starved rather than serve Zhou—Confucius called him worthy.” [4] This court is no Zhou tyranny—am I Boyi’s equal? [5] In chaos one cannot keep every lofty ideal—yet I took the state’s pay. [6] Where would I run? I die here.” You have gifts—use them well. Chief clerk Yang Hui will be your Cheng Ying—he will protect you.” ” [7] Fu Gan wept too hard to answer; every attendant cried. Wang Guo sent former Jiuquan governor Huang Yan to offer terms: “You see how the wind blows. Lead now and you may rival the ancient kings—or match Yi Yin and Lü Wang. Han is finished—will you not command our armies?” ” [8] Fu Xie struck his bench and shouted: “You hold imperial commission—yet plead for rebels!” He ordered the advance and fell fighting. He was posthumously titled marquis *Zhuangjie* (“martial integrity”). Note: Fu Xie was from Beidi—“home” means back there.
74
注[二]干集曰：「干字彥林。」
Note: Fu Gan’s collected works give his courtesy name as Yanlin.
75
注[三]左傳曰，曹公子臧曰：「前志有之，聖達節，次守節，下失節。」
Note: *Zuozhuan* lists three grades of holding to principle.
76
注[四]史記曰，伯夷，孤竹君之子也。 武王載文王木主伐紂。 殷既平，伯夷恥之，義不食周粟，遂餓死。 論語曰，子貢問曰：「伯夷、叔齊何人也？ 」孔子曰：「古之賢人也。」
Note: Boyi was a son of the ruler of Guzhu. King Wu marched against Shang with his father’s memorial tablet. After the conquest Boyi refused Zhou grain and starved. The *Analects* quotes Zigong asking about Boyi and Shuqi. Confucius called them ancient worthies.”
77
注[五]孟子曰：「養吾浩然之氣。 」趙岐注曰：「浩然，天氣也。」
Note: Mencius speaks of nurturing *haoran* qi. Zhao Qi glosses *haoran* as heaven-like breadth.”
78
注[六]左傳曰，子路曰「食焉不避其難」也。
Note: Zilu says one who takes pay must face its dangers.
79
注[七]程嬰，解見馮衍傳也。
Note: Cheng Ying’s story appears in Feng Yan’s biography.
80
注[八]師即君也。 尚書曰「作之君，作之師」也。
Note: “Commander” (*shi*) here means leader—lord. The *Shang shu* says heaven appoints rulers and teachers.
81
干知名，位至扶風太守。
Fu Gan became famous and rose to governor of Fufeng.
82
蓋勳字元固，敦煌廣至人也。 [一]家世二千石。 [二]初舉孝廉，為漢陽長史。
Gai Xun, courtesy name Yuangu, came from Guangzhi in Dunhuang. [1] His family had held salaried office for generations. [2] First recommended as filial and incorrupt, he became chief clerk of Hanyang.
83
時武威太守倚恃權埶，恣行貪橫，從事武都蘇正和案致其罪。 涼州刺史梁鵠畏懼貴戚，欲殺正和以免其負，乃訪之於勳。 勳素與正和有仇，或勸勳可因此報隙。 勳曰：「不可。 謀事殺良，非忠也； 乘人之危，非仁也。 」乃諫鵠曰：「夫紲食鷹鳶欲其鷙，[三]鷙而亨之，將何用哉？ 」鵠從其言。 正和喜於得免，而詣勳求謝。 勳不見，曰：「吾為梁使君謀，不為蘇正和也。 」怨之如初。 [四]注[一]廣至，縣名，故城在今瓜州常樂縣東，今謂之縣泉堡是也。
The Wuwei governor abused power; Su Zhenghe, adjutant from Wudu, impeached him. Inspector Liang Hu feared reprisal and wanted Su Zhenghe dead—he asked Gai Xun’s advice. Gai Xun hated Su Zhenghe; friends urged him to settle scores. Gai Xun refused. Murdering a good man for advantage is not loyalty; exploiting another’s danger is not humane.” He told Liang Hu: “You fatten a hawk to hunt—then stew it when it bites? Liang Hu spared Su Zhenghe. Su Zhenghe came to thank Gai Xun. Gai Xun refused to receive him: “I acted for the inspector—not for you.” His hatred of Su Zhenghe remained. [4] Note: Guangzhi lay east of present Changle in Guazhou—site called Xianquan fort.
84
注[二]續漢書曰：「曾祖父進，漢陽太守。 祖父彪，大司農。 」謝承書曰：「父字思齊，官至安定屬國都尉。」
Note: The *Xu Han shu* names his great-grandfather Jin, governor of Hanyang. His grandfather Biao was grand minister of agriculture. Xie Cheng names his father Siqi, who rose to commandant of Anding dependent state.
85
注[三]紲，系也。 廣雅曰：「鷙，執也。 」蒼頡解詁曰：「鳶，鴟也。 」食音嗣。
Note: *Xie* means “to tether.” The *Guangya* glosses *zhi* as fierce grasping. The *Cangjie* gloss calls the kite *yuan*. Reading for “feed”: *si*.
86
注[四]續漢書，中平元年，黃巾賊起，故武威太守酒泉黃雋被征，失期。 梁鵠欲奏誅雋，勳為言得免。 雋以黃金二十斤謝勳，勳謂雋曰：「吾以子罪在八議，故為子言。 吾豈賣評哉！ 」終辭不受。
Note: In Zhongping 1 the Turban revolt led to summoning Huang Juan, former Wuwei governor, who arrived late. Liang Hu meant to execute him; Gai Xun secured a reprieve. Huang Juan offered twenty pounds of gold; Gai Xun said, “You qualified for the eight mitigations—that is why I spoke.” I do not sell justice!” He refused the gold.
87
中平元年，北地羌胡與邊章等寇亂隴右，刺史左昌因軍興斷盜數千萬。 [一]勳固諫，昌怒，乃使勳別屯阿陽以拒賊鋒，[二]欲因軍事罪之，而勳數有戰功。
In Zhongping 1 the Beidi Qiang joined Bian Zhang in Longyou; inspector Zuo Chang pocketed millions from war funds. [1] Gai Xun objected; Zuo Chang sent him to Ayang hoping to trap him [2]—yet Gai Xun kept winning battles.
88
邊章等遂攻金城，殺郡守陳懿，勳勸昌救之，不從。 邊章等進圍昌於冀，昌懼而召勳。 勳初與從事辛曾、孔常俱屯阿陽，及昌檄到，曾等疑不肯赴。 勳怒曰：
When Bian Zhang took Jincheng and killed Chen Yi, Gai Xun begged Zuo Chang to relieve the city—Chang refused. Bian Zhang besieged Zuo Chang at Ji; Chang panicked and called Gai Xun. Gai Xun camped at Ayang with Xin Zeng and Kong Chang; they hesitated to answer Zuo Chang’s call. Gai Xun raged:
89
「昔莊賈後期，穰苴奮□。 [三]今之從事，豈重於古之監軍哉！ 」曾等懼而從之。 勳即率兵救昌。 到，乃誚讓章等，責以背叛之罪。 皆曰：「左使君若早從君言，以兵臨我，庶可自改。 今罪已重，不得降也。 」乃解圍而去。 昌坐斷盜征，以扶風宋梟代之。 [四]梟患多寇叛，謂勳曰：「涼州寡於學術，故屢致反暴。 今欲多寫孝經，令家家習之，庶或使人知義。 」勳諫曰：「昔太公封齊，崔杼殺君；
“When Zhuang Jia came late, Sima Rangju drew the blade of justice.” [3] Are you adjutants above the old camp supervisors?” They followed him in fear. Gai Xun marched to relieve Zuo Chang. He rebuked Bian Zhang’s men for rebellion. They answered: “Had Zuo Chang listened earlier, we might have surrendered. Now our guilt is too deep—we cannot yield.” They broke off the siege and withdrew. Zuo Chang fell for embezzling war funds; Song Xiao of Fufeng succeeded him. [4] Song Xiao feared endemic rebellion and told Gai Xun: “Liangzhou lacks education—that is why it keeps exploding.” He proposed flooding Liang with copies of the *Classic of Filial Piety* so every home might learn duty. Gai Xun objected: “When Lu Shang took Qi, Cui Zhu still murdered his duke;
90
伯禽侯魯，慶父篡位。 [五]此二國豈乏學者？ 今不急靜難之術，遽為非常之事，既足結怨一州，又當取笑朝廷，勳不知其可也。 」梟不從，遂奏行之。 果被詔書詰責，坐以虛慢征。 時叛羌圍護羌校尉夏育於畜官，[六]勳與州郡合兵救育，至狐盤，為羌所破。 勳收余觿百餘人，為魚麗之陳。 [七]羌精騎夾攻之急，士卒多死。 勳被三創，堅不動，乃指木表[八]曰：「必屍我於此。 」句就種羌滇吾[九]素為勳所厚，乃以兵扞觿曰：「蓋長史賢人，汝曹殺之者為負天。 」勳仰罵曰：「死反虜，汝何知？ 促來殺我！ 」觿相視而驚。 滇吾下馬與勳，勳不肯上，遂為賊所執。 羌戎服其義勇，不敢加害，送還漢陽。 後刺史楊雍即表勳領漢陽太守。 時人饑，相漁食，勳調谷稟之，[一０]先出家糧以率觿，存活者千餘人。 注[一]斷謂割截。
when Bo Qin ruled Lu, Qing Fu still usurped. [5] Were Qi and Lu short of scholars?” You skip real pacification for a stunt—you will alienate the province and make Luoyang laugh. I cannot approve.” Song Xiao ignored him and memorialized the plan anyway. The court rebuked him and recalled him for incompetence. [6] Rebels trapped Colonel Xia Yu at the pasture depot; Gai Xun joined provincial troops but was routed at Hupan. He rallied a hundred survivors into a “fish-scale” formation. [7] Elite Qiang cavalry closed from both sides and slaughtered his men. Wounded thrice, he stood fast and pointed at a stake: “Leave my corpse here.” [9] Dianwu of the Gouxu Qiang, whom Gai Xun had favored, tried to shield him: “Kill this good man and you offend heaven.” Gai Xun shouted back: “Traitors—what do you know? Kill me now!” The warriors stared, stunned. Dianwu offered his horse; Gai Xun refused and was captured. They respected his courage and returned him unharmed to Hanyang. Inspector Yang Yong named him acting governor of Hanyang. During famine and cannibalism he issued grain—leading by donating his own stores—and saved over a thousand lives. Note: *Duan* means “to cut off” embezzled funds.
91
注[二]阿陽，縣，屬天水郡。
Note: Ayang County lay in Tianshui.
92
注[三]齊景公時，燕、晉侵齊，景公以司馬穰苴為將，扞之，仍令寵臣莊賈監軍。 與穰苴期旦日會，賈素驕貴，夕時至，穰苴召軍正問曰：「軍法期而後者雲何？ 」對曰：「當斬。 」遂斬賈以徇三軍。
Note: The Zhuang Jia story—favorite arrives late to Rangju’s camp. Zhuang Jia appeared at dusk; Rangju asked the judge the penalty for lateness. “Death.” Rangju executed Zhuang Jia before the host.
93
注[四]續漢書「梟」字作「泉」也。
Note: One manuscript reads Song Quan instead of Song Xiao.
94
注[五]崔杼，齊大夫。 齊莊公先通其妻，杼殺之。 慶父，魯莊公弟。 莊公子開立，是為愍公，慶父襲殺愍公。 並見史記。
Note: Cui Zhu was a Qi noble. Duke Zhuang slept with Cui Zhu’s wife—Cui murdered him. Qing Fu was Duke Zhuang of Lu’s brother. When Duke Min succeeded, Qing Fu murdered him. See the *Shiji*.
95
注[六]前書尹翁歸傳曰：「有論罪輸掌畜官。 」音義曰：「右扶風畜牧所在，有苑師之屬，故曰畜官。 畜音許救反。」
Note: The *Hanshu* mentions convicts herding at state pastures. Commentary: Fufeng’s royal pastures housed convict herdsmen. Pronounce the word as *xu-jiu* (fan).
96
注[七]麗音離。 左傳曰：「王以諸侯伐鄭，鄭原繁、高渠彌奉公為魚麗之陳，先偏後伍，伍承彌縫。 」杜預注曰：「此魚麗陳法也。」
Reading for 麗: *li*. Note: *Zuozhuan* describes the “fish-scale” deployment at Zheng. Du Yu identifies it as the fish-scale array.”
97
注[八]表，標也。
Note: *Biao* is a stake or marker.
98
注[九]句就，羌別種也。 句音古侯反。
Note: Gouxu was a Qiang subgroup. Reading for 句: *gu-hou* fan.
99
注[一０]調猶發也。
Note: *Diao* here means “to issue” grain.
100
後去官，征拜討虜校尉。 靈帝召見，問：「天下何苦而反亂如此？ 」勳曰：「幸臣子弟擾之。 」時宦者上軍校尉蹇碩在坐，帝顧問碩，碩懼，不知所對，而以此恨勳。
He later resigned, then was summoned as colonel who punishes barbarians. Emperor Ling asked why the empire revolted. Gai Xun answered: “The favorites’ kin provoked it.” Jian Shuo the eunuch was present; the emperor turned to him—he froze—and hated Gai Xun for exposing him.
101
帝又謂勳曰：「吾已陳師於平樂觀，多出中藏財物以餌士，何如？ 」[一]勳曰：
The emperor boasted of reviewing troops at Pingle and emptying the treasury to reward men. ” [1] Gai Xun replied:
102
「臣聞『先王耀德不觀兵。 』[二]今寇在遠而設近陳，不足昭果毅，秪黷武耳。」
“The ancients displayed virtue, not arms.” [2] “The enemy is far—you parade troops at the capital. That shows no resolve—only misuse of force.”
103
[三]帝曰：「善。 恨見君晚，腢臣初無是言也。 」注[一]中藏謂內藏也。
[3] “Well said.” I wish I had met you sooner—no one told me this.” Note: *Zhong cang* is the imperial vault.
104
注[二]國語曰：「穆王將征犬戎，祭公謀父諫曰：『不可。 先王耀德不觀兵。 』」韋昭注曰：「耀，明也。 觀，示也。」
Note: The *Guoyu* quotes Duke Zhaogong against King Mu’s campaign. “Ancient kings displayed virtue, not arms.” Wei Zhao glosses *yao* as “bright.” *Guan* means “to display.”
105
注[三]左傳曰「戎昭果毅以聽之之謂武，殺敵為果，致果曰毅」也。
Note: *Zuozhuan* defines martial vigor as *guoyi*.
106
勳時與宗正劉虞、佐軍校尉袁紹同典禁兵。 勳謂虞、紹曰：「吾仍見上，上甚聰明，但擁蔽於左右耳。 若共並力誅嬖倖，然後征拔英俊，以興漢室，功遂身退，豈不快乎！ 」虞、紹亦素有謀，因相連結，未及發，而司隸校尉張溫舉勳為京兆尹。 帝方欲延接勳，而蹇碩等心憚之，並勸從溫奏，遂拜京兆尹。
He served with Liu Yu and Yuan Shao commanding palace guards. He told them: “The emperor is clever—only blinded by those beside him. If we purge the favorites and recruit talent, we could revive Han—then retire in triumph!” They agreed—but Zhang Wen nominated Gai Xun as governor of the capital before they acted. Emperor Ling wanted Gai Xun at court; Jian Shuo feared him and pushed him into the Jingzhao post.
107
時長安令楊黨，父為中常侍，恃埶貪放，勳案得其臧千餘萬。 貴戚鹹為之請，勳不聽，具以事聞，並連黨父，有詔窮案，威震京師。 時小黃門京兆高望為尚藥監，幸於皇太子，太子因蹇碩屬望子進為孝廉，勳不肯用。 或曰：「皇太子副主，望其所愛，碩帝之寵臣，而子違之，所謂三怨成府者也。 」勳曰：「選賢所以報國也。 非賢不舉，死亦何悔！ 」勳雖在外，每軍國密事，帝常手詔問之。 [二]數加賞賜，甚見親信，在朝臣右。 注[一]府，聚也。
Magistrate Yang Dang, son of a eunuch, embezzled wildly; Gai Xun documented tens of millions. Great families begged him off; he impeached father and son—the capital trembled. The heir’s favorite Gao Wang asked Jian Shuo to nominate his son; Gai Xun refused. Advisers warned: “You would anger heir, favorite, and eunuch—three sources of hate.” Gai Xun said, “Nomination serves the state. I will not recommend the unworthy—death would not change my mind!” Though posted away from court, he received secret imperial letters on policy. [2] The emperor showered honors on him—no minister ranked higher. Note: *Fu* means “accumulate”—three hatreds pile up.
108
注[二]續漢書曰：「是時，漢陽叛人王國，觿十餘萬，攻陳倉，三輔震動。 勳領郡兵五千人，自請滿萬人，因表用處士扶風*[士]*孫瑞為鷹鷂都尉，桂陽魏傑為破敵都尉，京兆杜楷為威虜都尉，弘農楊儒為鳥擊都尉，長陵第五鑈為清寇都尉。 凡五都尉，皆素有名，悉領屬勳。 每有密事，靈帝手詔問之。」
Note: The *Xu Han shu* mentions Wang Guo’s siege of Chencang. He led five thousand men, asked for ten thousand, and named Sun Rui, Wei Jie, Du Kai, Yang Ru, and Diwu Nao as colonels. These five famous officers all served under him. Emperor Ling consulted him by personal edict on every secret matter.”
109
及帝崩，董卓廢少帝，殺何太后，勳與書曰：「昔伊尹、霍光權以立功，猶可寒心，足下小丑，何以終此？ 賀者在門，吊者在廬，可不慎哉！ 」[一]卓得書，意甚憚之。 征為議郎。 時左將軍皇甫嵩精兵三萬屯扶風，勳密相要結，將以討卓。 會嵩亦被征，勳以觿弱不能獨立，遂並還京師。 自公卿以下，莫不卑下於卓，唯勳長揖爭禮，見者皆為失色。 卓問司徒王允曰：「欲得快司隸校尉，誰可作者？ 」允曰：「唯有蓋京兆耳。 」卓曰：「此人明智有餘，然不可假以雄職。」
After Ling’s death Gai Xun wrote Dong Zhuo: “Even Yi Yin and Huo Guang took cold risk—you are a thief—how will this end? Celebration and mourning wait at your door—tread carefully!” ” [1] Dong Zhuo was shaken. Zhuo summoned him to the capital as consultant. He plotted with Huangfu Song’s thirty thousand at Fufeng to strike Dong Zhuo. Huangfu Song was recalled too; Gai Xun lacked strength alone—both returned to Luoyang. Officials groveled to Dong Zhuo; Gai Xun alone stood straight and faced him as an equal—onlookers went pale. Dong Zhuo asked Wang Yun who should be colonel of the retainers. “Only Gai Xun.” “He is too clever for a powerful post.”
110
乃以為越騎校尉。 卓又不欲令久典禁兵，復出為穎川太守。 未及至郡，征還京師。 時河南尹朱儁為卓陳軍事。 卓折鑈曰：「我百戰百勝，決之於心，卿勿妄說，且污我刀。 」勳曰：「昔武丁之明，猶求箴諫，[二]況如卿者，而欲杜人之口乎？」
He named him colonel of elite cavalry instead. Dong Zhuo would not let him hold the guards long—sent him toward Yingchuan. He was recalled before taking office. Zhu Jun of Henan briefed Dong Zhuo on strategy. Dong Zhuo cut him off: “I never lose—keep your counsel or dirty my sword.” Gai Xun said: “Even King Wuding welcomed criticism—and you silence counsel?”
111
卓曰：「戲之耳。 」勳曰：「不聞怒言可以為戲？ 」卓乃謝鑈。 勳雖強直不屈，而內厭於卓，不得意，疽發背卒，時年五十一。 遺令勿受卓賻贈。 卓欲外示寬容，表賜東園秘器賵襚，送之如禮。 葬於安陵。 注[一]孫卿子曰「慶者在堂，吊者在閭，福與禍鄰，莫知其門」也。
“Only joking.” “Threats are no joke.” Dong Zhuo apologized to Zhu Jun. Gai Xun defied Dong Zhuo but sickened with frustration—a carbuncle killed him at fifty-one. He forbade accepting Dong Zhuo’s funeral gifts. Dong Zhuo feigned generosity—petitioned imperial grave goods and a state funeral. He was buried at Anling. Note: Xun Qing warns that joy and grief arrive side by side.
112
注[二]武丁，殷王高宗也。 謂傅說曰：「啟乃心，沃朕心。 」說復於王曰：「惟木從繩則正，後從諫則聖。 」見尚書。
Note: King Wuding is Shang king Gaozong. The *Shang shu* text has Wuding say to Fu Yue: “Open your mind to enrich mine.” Fu Yue answers: wood needs the ink-line; a king needs remonstrance. See the *Shang shu*.
113
子順，官至永陽太守。
His son Gai Shun rose to governor of Yongyang.
114
臧洪字子源，廣陵射陽人也。 [一]父旻，有幹事才。 [二]熹平元年，會稽妖賊許昭起兵句章，[三]自稱「大將軍」，立其父生為越王，攻破城邑，觿以萬數。
Zang Hong, courtesy name Ziyuan, came from Sheyang in Guangling commandery. [1] His father Zang Min was an able administrator. [2] In 172 CE the Kuaiji rebel Xu Zhao seized Gouzhang [3], proclaimed himself grand general, set his father on a “Yue” throne, and mustered tens of thousands.
115
拜旻揚州刺史。 旻率丹* (揚) **[陽]*太守陳夤擊昭，破之。 昭遂復更屯結，大為人患。 旻等進兵，連戰三年，破平之，獲昭父子，斬首數千級。 遷旻為使匈奴中郎將。 注[一]射陽故城在今楚州安宜縣東也。
The court made Zang Min inspector of Yangzhou. Zang Min led Danyang (scribal gloss completing the commandery name “Danyang”) Governor Chen Yin of Danyang struck Xu Zhao and broke his army. Xu Zhao rallied again and became a serious menace. Zang Min campaigned for three years, captured Xu Zhao and his son, and took thousands of heads. Zang Min was promoted to colonel in the Xiongnu court. Note: Old Sheyang lay east of present Anyi in Chuzhou.
116
注[二]謝承書曰：「旻達於從政，為漢良吏，遷匈奴中郎將。 還京師，太尉袁逢問其西域諸國土地風俗人物種數，旻具荅言西域本三十六國，後分為五十五，稍散至百餘國。 大小，道裡近遠，人數多少，風俗燥濕，山川草木鳥獸異物名種不與中國同者，口陳其狀，手畫地形。 逢奇其才，歎息言：『雖班固作西域傳，何以加此乎？ 』」注[三]句章縣故城在今越州鄮縣西。 十三州志云：「句踐之地，南至句無，其後並吳，因大城句，章伯功以示子孫，故曰句章。」
Note: Xie Cheng praises Zang Min as a model official. Back in Luoyang, Grand Commandant Yuan Feng quizzed him on the Western Regions: Zang Min traced their growth from thirty-six to over a hundred polities. He described each realm’s size, distance, population, climate, and wildlife—sketching maps from memory. Yuan Feng exclaimed that Zang Min outdid Ban Gu’s *Xiyu zhuan*. ” [3] Note: Gouzhang lay west of present Mao in Yuezhou. The *Thirteen zhou zhi* explains the name Gouzhang from Gou Jian’s border wall.
117
洪年十五，以父功拜童子郎，[一]知名太學。 洪體貌魁梧，有異姿。 [二]舉孝廉，補即丘長。 [三]注[一]漢法，孝廉試經者拜為郎。 洪以年幼才俊，故拜童子郎也。 續漢書曰「左雄奏征海內名儒為博士，使公卿子弟為諸生，有志操者加其俸祿。 及汝南謝廉、河南趙建章年始十二，各能通經，雄並奏拜童子郎。 於是負書來學，雲集京師」也。
[1] At fifteen Zang Hong became a “child gentleman” thanks to his father and studied at the imperial academy. He was tall and striking. [2] Recommended as filial and incorrupt, he became magistrate of Jiqiu. [3] Note: Han rules promoted classics scholars from filial-incorrupt nominees. Youth and talent earned him the rare child gentleman title. The *Xu Han shu* tells how Zuo Xiong elevated boy scholars. Twelve-year-olds Xie Lian and Zhao Jianzhang also earned child gentlemen posts. Students flocked to Luoyang.”
118
注[二]魁梧，壯大之貌也。 梧音吾。
Note: *Kuiwu* describes imposing stature. Reading for 梧: *wu*.
119
注[三]即丘，縣，屬琅邪國，故城在今沂州臨沂縣東南，即春秋之祝丘也。
Note: Jiqiu in Langya is southeast of present Linyi—old Zhuqiu.
120
中平末，□官還家，太守張超請為功曹。 時董卓* (殺) **[弒]*帝，圖危社稷。
Late in Zhongping he left office; Zhang Chao, governor of his commandery, made him chief clerk. (Text damaged at the verb for leaving office.) Dong Zhuo killed —murdered the emperor and menaced the dynasty.
121
洪說超曰：「明府歷世受恩，兄弟並據大郡。 [一]今王室將危，賊臣虎視，此誠義士□命之秋也。 今郡境尚全，吏人殷富，若動桴鼓，可得二萬人。 以此誅除國賊，為天下唱義，不亦宜乎！ 」超然其言，與洪西至陳留，見兄邈計事。 邈先謂超曰：「聞弟為郡，委攻臧洪，洪者何如人？ 」超曰：「臧洪海內奇士，才略智數不比於超矣。 」邈即引洪與語，大異之。 乃使詣兗州刺史劉岱、[二]豫州刺史孔□，[三]遂皆相善。 邈既先有謀約，會超至，定議，乃與諸牧守大會酸棗。 設□場，將盟，既而更相辭讓，莫敢先登，鹹共推洪。 洪乃攝衣升□，操血而盟曰：「漢室不幸，皇綱失統，賊臣董卓，乘釁縱害，禍加至尊，毒流百姓。 大懼淪喪社稷，翦覆四海。 兗州刺史岱、豫州刺史伷、陳留太守邈、東郡太守瑁、[四]廣陵太守超等，糾合義兵，並赴國難。 [五]凡我同盟，齊心一力，以致臣節，隕首喪元，必無二志。
Zang Hong urged Zhang Chao: “Your family has long enjoyed imperial favor; you and your brother govern great commanderies. [1] The throne totters; usurpers watch like tigers—this is the moment for men of duty to give their lives.” Our land is intact and populous—raise the alarm and you can field twenty thousand. Strike the traitor and lead the loyalists—should you not act?” Zhang Chao agreed; he and Zang Hong went to Chenliu to plan with Zhang Miao. Zhang Miao asked, “You put your war plan in Zang Hong’s hands—what kind of man is he?” Zhang Chao said, “He is a rare talent—my better in every way.” Zhang Miao met Zang Hong and was awed. He sent Zang Hong to Yanzhou’s Liu Dai and Yuzhou’s Kong Zhou (name damaged in text)—all became allies. Zhang Miao had already conspired; when Zhang Chao arrived they fixed the league and met at Suanzao. They prepared the oath-ground; everyone deferred until they thrust Zang Hong forward. Zang Hong mounted the altar, cut his palm, and swore: “Han’s cord is broken; Dong Zhuo has murdered the sovereign and poisoned the people. We fear for the altars and the realm.” Liu Dai, Kong Zhou, Zhang Miao, Qiao Mao, Zhang Chao, and others raise loyal armies to save the dynasty.” [5] We swear one purpose—to serve Han unto death.”
122
有渝此盟，俾墜其命，無克遺育。 [六]皇天后土，祖宗明靈，實皆鑒之。 」洪辭氣慷慨，聞其言者，無不激揚。 自是之後，諸軍各懷□疑，莫適先進，遂使糧儲單竭，兵觿乖散。 注[一]謂超為廣陵，兄邈為陳留也。
Whoever breaks this oath dies without heirs.” [6] Heaven, earth, and ancestors witness us.” His voice shook every listener. Afterward each army hesitated; supplies ran out and the coalition scattered. Note: Zhang Chao governed Guangling; Zhang Miao Chenliu.
123
注[二]岱字公山。 注[三]伷字公緒。 注[四]橋瑁也。 注[五]糾，收也。
Note: Liu Dai’s courtesy name was Gongshan. Note: Kong Zhou’s courtesy name was Gongxu. Note: “Mao” is Qiao Mao. Note: *Jiu* means “to gather.”
124
注[六]左傳曰，王子虎盟諸侯於王廷，要言曰「皆□王室，無相害也。 有渝此盟，明神殛之，俾墜其師，無克祚國」也。
Note: *Zuozhuan* oath language about aiding the Zhou house. Breakers forfeit armies and succession.”
125
時討虜校尉公孫瓚與大司馬劉虞有隙，超乃遣洪詣虞，共謀其難。 行至河閒而值幽冀交兵，行塗阻絕，因寓於袁紹。 紹見洪，甚奇之，與結友好，以洪領青州刺史。 前刺史焦和好立虛譽，能清談。 時黃巾腢盜處處蹣起，而青部殷實，軍革尚觿。 和欲與諸同盟西赴京師，未及得行，而賊已屠城邑。 和不理戎警，但坐列巫史，禜禱腢神。 [一]又恐賊乘凍而過，命多作陷冰丸，以投於河。 觿遂潰散，和亦病卒。 洪收撫離叛，百姓復安。 注[一]巫，女巫也。 史，祝史也。 禜謂營攢用幣，以* (穰) **[禳]*風雨霜雪水旱厲疫於日月星辰山川也。 禱謂告事求福也。
When Gongsun Zan feuded with Liu Yu, Zhang Chao sent Zang Hong to Liu Yu. War between You and Ji blocked his path; he stayed with Yuan Shao. Yuan Shao admired him, befriended him, and named him acting inspector of Qingzhou. The previous inspector Jiao He cared only for empty reputation and clever talk. While Turbans ravaged the empire, Qingzhou remained rich and armed. Jiao He meant to march west but lost towns before he moved. He ignored defense—only lined up shamans and prayed. [1] He threw “ice-cracking” pellets into the river to stop raiders—magical nonsense. His force collapsed; Jiao He died. Zang Hong rallied stragglers and restored order. Note: *Wu* is a female shaman. *Shi* is the prayer clerk. *Ying* means staged offerings to exorcise —ward off weather and plague at nature shrines. *Dao* is petitionary prayer.
126
在事二年，袁紹憚其能，徙為東郡太守，都東武陽。 時曹操圍張超於雍丘，甚危急。 超謂軍吏曰：「今日之事，唯有臧洪必來救我。 」或曰：「袁曹方穆，而洪為紹所用，恐不能敗好遠來，違福取禍。 」超曰：「子源天下義士，終非背本者也，或見制強力，不相及耳。 」洪始聞超圍，及徒跣號泣，並勒所領，將赴其難。 自以觿弱，從紹請兵，而紹竟不聽之，超城遂陷，張氏族滅。 洪由是怨紹，絕不與通。 紹興兵圍之，歷年不下，使洪邑人陳琳以書譬洪，示其禍福，責以恩義。 [一]洪荅曰：注[一]獻帝春秋曰「紹使琳為書八條，責以恩義，告喻使降」也。
After two years Yuan Shao, fearing his talent, moved him to Dongjun at Dongwuyang. Cao Cao besieged Zhang Chao at Yongqiu—desperate straits. Zhang Chao told his officers: “Only Zang Hong will try to save us.” They answered: “Yuan Shao and Cao Cao are allies—Zang Hong serves Shao—he may not come.” Zhang Chao said: “Ziyuan is a man of honor—he would come if he could.” Zang Hong heard the news barefoot and weeping—he tried to march. Too weak to march alone, he begged Yuan Shao for troops—Shao refused—Yongqiu fell and the Zhangs perished. Zang Hong broke with Yuan Shao forever. Yuan Shao besieged him for years, then sent Chen Lin with a letter mixing threats and appeals. [1] Zang Hong answered. Note: Yuan Shao had Chen Lin write eight arguments urging surrender.
127
隔闊相思，發於寤寐。 相去步武，[一]而趨捨異規，其為愴恨，胡可勝言！ 前日不遺，比辱雅況，[二]述□禍福，公私切至。 以子之才，窮該典籍，豈將闇於大道，不達余趣哉？ 是以損□翰墨，一無所酬，亦冀遙忖褊心，粗識鄙性。 重獲來命，援引紛紜，雖欲無對，而義篤其言。
Though far apart I have dreamt of you. [1] We stand yards apart in purpose—the ache is beyond words. Your letter spelled out blessings and woes—earnest on every side. You know the classics—surely you grasp why I resist. I stayed silent hoping you would read my heart. Your new letter piles argument—I must answer for honor’s sake.
128
注[一]爾雅曰：「武，多也。 」注[二]比，頻也。
Note: *Erya* glosses *wu* as “many” for “paces.” Note: *Bi* means “repeatedly.”
129
僕小人也，本乏志用，中因行役，特蒙傾蓋，[一]恩深分厚，遂竊大州，寧樂今日自還接刃乎？ 每登城臨兵，觀主人之旗鼓，[二]瞻望帳幄，感故友之周旋，撫弦搦矢，[三]不覺涕流之覆面也。 何者？ 自以輔佐主人，無以為悔； 主人相接，過絕等倫。 受任之初，志同大事，埽清寇逆，共尊王室。 豈悟本州被侵，郡將遘□，請師見拒，辭行被拘，使洪故君，遂至淪滅。 區區微節，無所獲申，豈得復全交友之道，重虧忠孝之名乎？ 所以忍悲揮戈，收淚告絕。 若使主人少垂古人忠恕之情，來者側席，去者克己，[四]則僕抗季札之志，不為今日之戰矣。 [五]注[一]家語，孔子之郯，與程子相遇於塗，傾蓋而語也。
I am a minor man who owes you much—would I trade blows gladly? Yet each time I see your camp I weep for old friendship—tears sheet my face. Why? I believed serving you left me nothing to regret; your kindness exceeded anything I deserved. At first we shared one goal—purge rebels and restore Han. Then my province burned; my patron Zhang Chao begged for aid—you refused and held me—until he perished. (Text damaged.) My grievance goes unheard—how could I stay your friend and keep honor? So I take up arms and break with you in tears. Had you shown ancient mercy—welcomed allies and blamed yourself—I might have gone like Jizi and spared this war. [5] Note: The “tilted canopy” meeting comes from the *Kongzi jiayu*.
130
注[二]洪常寓於紹，故謂之主人也。 注[三]搦，捉也，音女卓反。
Note: Zang Hong served under Yuan Shao—“master” means Yuan Shao. Note: *Nuo* (“to grip”) reads *nu-zhuo* fan.
131
注[四]來者側席而待之，去者克己自責，不責人也。
Note: The gloss urges generosity to guests and self-blame when they leave.
132
注[五]吳王余昧卒，欲授弟季札，季札逃去。 見史記也。
Note: Jizi of Wu fled the throne—Zang Hong compares his choices. See the *Shiji*.
133
昔張景明登□喢血，奉辭奔走，卒使韓牧讓印，主人得地。 後但以拜章朝主，賜爵獲傳之故，不蒙觀過之貸，而受夷滅之禍。 [一]呂奉先討卓來奔，請兵不獲，告去何罪，復見斫刺。 [二]劉子璜奉使踰時，辭不獲命，畏君懷親，以詐求歸，可謂有志忠孝，無損霸道，亦復殭屍麾下，不蒙虧除。 慕進者蒙榮，違意者被戮，此乃主人之利，非游士之願也。 是以鑒戒前人，守死窮城，亦以君子之違，不適敵國故也。 [三]
Zhang Jingming swore the covenant and won Ji Province for Yuan Shao. Later they died for a court title—no pardon—only annihilation. [1] Lu Bu fled Dong Zhuo, begged Yuan Shao for troops, was denied, tried to leave—and you tried to kill him. [2] Liu Zihuang overstayed his mission yet sought honorably to go home—you slaughtered him too. Your followers thrive or die at your whim—that serves you, not them. So I die in this town—a gentleman does not flee to an enemy. [3] End of that argument in Hong’s letter.
134
注[一]英雄記雲，袁紹使張景明、郭公則、高元才等說韓馥，使讓冀州與紹。 然則馥之讓位，景明亦有其功。 其餘未詳也。
Note: Yuan Shao used Zhang Jingming to squeeze Han Fu out of Ji. Zhang Jingming earned part of the credit for Han Fu’s abdication. Other details are unclear.
135
注[二]魏志呂布傳曰：「布破張燕軍而求益兵，觿將士鈔掠，紹患忌之。 布覺其意，從紹求去。 」英雄記：「布求還洛，紹假布領司隸校尉，外言當遣，內欲殺布。 明日當發，紹遣甲士三十人，辭以送布，止於帳側。 布偽使人於帳中鼓箏，紹兵臥，無何，出帳去而兵不覺。 夜半兵起，亂斫布默被，謂已死。 明旦，紹訊問，知布尚在，乃閉城門，布遂引去。」
Note: The *Wei zhi* tells how Yuan Shao turned on Lu Bu. Lu Bu saw the danger and asked to leave. The *Yingxiong ji* says Yuan Shao feigned a Luoyang posting to assassinate him. Next day thirty guards “escorted” him—camp killers. Lu Bu faked music, slipped out unseen. At midnight they hacked his empty bed. At dawn Yuan Shao found him gone—Lu Bu escaped.”
136
注[三]左傳雲，公山不狃曰：「君子違不適讎國。 」杜預注云：「違，奔亡也。」
Note: *Zuozhuan*—a noble exile avoids enemy soil. Du Yu glosses *wei* as “to flee.”
137
足下當見久圍不解，救兵未至，感婚姻之義，推平生之好，以為屈節而苟生，勝守義而傾覆也。 昔晏嬰不降志於白刃，南史不曲筆以求存，[一]故身傳圖像，名垂後世。 況僕據金城之固，驅士人之力，散三年之畜以為一年之資，匡困補乏，以悅天下，何圖築室反耕哉？ [二]但懼秋風揚塵，伯珪馬首南向，[三]張揚、飛燕旅力作難，[四]北鄙將告倒懸之急，股肱奏乞歸之記耳。 [五]主人當鑒戒曹輩，反旌退師，何宜久辱盛怒，暴威於吾城之下哉！ 注[一]崔杼殺齊莊公，欲劫晏子與盟，以戟拘其頸，□承其心。 晏子曰：「劫吾以刃而失其意，非勇也。 」崔杼遂釋之。 事見晏子。 左傳曰「太史書曰『崔杼弒其君』，崔子殺之。 其弟嗣書而死者二人，其弟又書，乃捨之。 南史氏聞太史盡死，執簡以往，聞既書矣，乃還」也。
You think I should surrender for kinship and old ties rather than die upright. [1] Yan Ying and the historians chose death over dishonor—names live on. I hold strong walls, three years’ grain, loyal men—why would I play farmer-soldier? [2] But when Gongsun Zan rides south [3] and Zhang Yang and the Black Mountain bands rise [4]—your rear ignites—your generals will beg to go home.” [5] Learn from Cao Cao’s retreat—do not waste fury on my walls!” Note: Cui Zhu threatened Yan Ying at swordpoint. Yan Ying said coercion is not courage. Cui Zhu released him. See the *Yanzi chunqiu*. The *Zuozhuan* tells how scribes died writing “Cui Zhu assassinated his lord.” Brother after brother kept writing until Cui gave up. A southern scribe arrived ready to die—the crime was already recorded.”
138
注[二]左傳曰：「楚子圍宋，築室反耕。 」杜預注曰：「築室於宋，反兵耕田，示無還意也。」
Note: Chu besieged Song with long-term camps. Du Yu: wall camps and farmed fields showed Chu would stay.”
139
注[三]伯珪，公孫瓚字。
Note: Bo Gui is Gongsun Zan’s courtesy name.
140
注[四]魏志曰，張揚字稚叔，雲中人也，以武勇給并州為從事。 何進令於本州募兵，得千餘人，因留上黨擊山賊。 進敗，揚遂以所將兵攻上黨，仍略諸縣，觿至數千，又與袁紹合。 張燕，常山人，本姓褚。 黃巾起，燕合聚少年為腢盜，觿萬人。 博陵張牛角* (立) **[之]*起，觿次癭陶，牛角為飛矢所中，且死，告其觿曰：「必以燕為帥。 」角死，觿奉燕，故改姓張。 燕僄悍，捷速過人，軍中號為「飛燕」。 觿至百萬，號曰「黑山」。 後助公孫瓚與紹爭冀州也。
Note: Zhang Yang of Yunzhong served Bingzhou. He Jin sent him to recruit; he cleared Shangdang bandits. After He Jin fell, Zhang Yang raided Shangdang and joined Yuan Shao. Zhang Yan of Changshan was born surnamed Chu. He raised ten thousand bandits when the Turbans rose. Zhang Niujiao of Boling (scribal fragment) led a host to Yingtao; Zhang Niujiao fell to an arrow and named Zhang Yan successor. They took Zhang as their surname. He was fast and fierce—“Flying Swallow.” His force grew to a million—“Black Mountain.” Later they aided Gongsun Zan against Yuan Shao.
141
注[五]股肱猶手足也。 言北邊有倉卒之急，股肱之臣將告歸自救耳。
Note: “Thigh and arm” means your trusted officers. They will rush home if the north erupts.
142
足下譏吾恃黑山以為救，獨不念黃巾之合從邪？ 昔高袓取彭越於鉅野，[一]光武創基兆於綠林，卒能龍飛受命，中興帝業。 苟可輔主興化，夫何嫌哉！ 況僕親奉璽書，與之從事！ 注[一]前書，彭越將其觿居鉅野中，無所屬，漢王乃使人賜越將軍印，使下濟陰以擊楚也。
You mock my Black Mountain allies—did Gaozu scorn Peng Yue? [1] Gaozu used Peng Yue; Guangwu rose from Lulin—both took allies from rebels. If allies restore Han—why spurn them? I hold imperial orders alongside them! Note: Han Gaozu commissioned Peng Yue from the marshes.
143
行矣孔璋！ 足下徼利於境外，臧洪投命於君親； 吾子托身於盟主，[一]臧洪策名於長安。 子謂余身死而名滅，僕亦笑子生死而無聞焉。 本同末離，努力努力，夫復何言！ 注[一]盟主謂袁紹也。
Farewell, Chen Lin! You chase profit abroad—I give my life for kin and lord; you serve Yuan Shao—I took office at Chang’an. You predict my oblivion—I pity your empty fame. We began together—we end apart—so be it! Note: “Covenant lord” is Yuan Shao.
144
紹見洪書，知無降意，增兵急攻。 城中徹盡，外無援救，洪自度不免，呼吏士謂曰：「袁紹無道，所圖不軌，且不救洪郡將，洪於大義，不得不死。 念諸君無事，空與此禍，[一]可先城未破，將妻子出。 」將吏皆垂泣曰：「明府之於袁氏，本無怨隙，今為郡將之故，自致危困，吏人何忍當捨明府去也？ 」初尚掘鼠，□筋角，後無所復食，主簿啟內廚米三斗，請稍為饘粥，[二]洪曰：「何能獨甘此邪？ 」使為薄糜，□班士觿。 又殺其愛妾，以食兵將。 兵將鹹流涕，無能仰視。 男女七八十人相枕而死，莫有離叛。 注[一]與音預。
Yuan Shao saw Zang Hong would not yield and pressed the siege. When the city starved, Zang Hong told his men: Yuan Shao is faithless—he let Zhang Chao die—for honor I must die. You are innocent—flee with your families before the walls fall. They wept: “You owe Yuan Shao nothing—yet you die for Zhang Chao—we will not leave you.” They ate rats and glue; three dou of rice remained—Zang Hong refused gruel alone. He had thin gruel shared with every soldier. He killed his concubine to feed his troops. They wept too hard to look at him. Seventy or eighty starved together—none deserted. Note: The gloss gives the reading *yu* for the verb meaning “to share in” or “take part.”
145
注[二]杜預注左傳曰：「饘，糜也。 」音之延反。
Note: *Zhan* is thin gruel. Reading: *zhi-yan* fan.
146
城陷，生執洪。 紹盛帷幔，大會諸將見洪。 謂曰：「臧洪何相負若是！ 今日服未？」
The city fell; they took Zang Hong alive. Yuan Shao staged a full court before his generals. He demanded: “How could you betray me?” Will you yield now?”
147
洪據地瞋目曰：「諸袁事漢，四世五公，可謂受恩。 今王室衰弱，無扶翼之意，而欲因際會，觖望非冀，[一]多殺忠良，以立奸威。 洪親見將軍呼張陳留為兄，則洪府君亦宜為弟，而不能同心戮力，為國除害，坐擁兵觿，觀人屠滅。 惜洪力劣，不能推刃為天下報仇，[二]何謂服乎？ 」紹本愛洪，意欲屈服赦之，見其辭切，知終不為用，乃命殺焉。 注[一]前漢音義曰：「觖猶冀也。 」觖音羌恚反。
Zang Hong snarled: “The Yuans owe Han four generations of rank. The throne fails—yet you kill the loyal and build tyranny. You called Zhang Miao “brother”—yet watched him die. I am too weak to avenge Han—do you call that submission?” Yuan Shao loved him but saw he would never serve—had him executed. Note: *Jue* means “expect.” Reading for 觖: *qiang-hui* fan.
148
注[二]公羊傳曰：「事君猶事父也，父受誅，子復讎，推刃之道。」
Note: *Gongyang* on vengeance for a father-lord.
149
洪邑人陳容，少為諸生，親慕於洪，隨為東郡丞。 先城未敗，洪使歸紹。 時容在坐，見洪當死，起謂紹曰：「將軍舉大事，欲為天下除暴，而專先誅忠義，豈合天意？ 臧洪發舉為郡將，柰何殺之！ 」紹籩，使人牽出，謂曰：「汝非臧洪疇，空復爾為？ 」容顧曰：「夫仁義豈有常所，蹈之則君子，背之則小人。 今日寧與臧洪同日死，不與將軍同日生也。 」遂復見殺。 在紹坐者，無不歎息，竊相謂曰：「如何一日戮二烈士！」
Chen Rong of Dongwu admired Zang Hong and served as his aide. Before the fall Zang Hong sent Chen Rong back to Yuan Shao. Chen Rong stood up: “You claim to save the empire yet murder the loyal first—does heaven approve?” Zang Hong made you a general—how can you execute him? Yuan Shao flushed; they dragged Chen Rong out. “You are not Zang Hong—why meddle?” Chen Rong said: “Right and wrong follow conduct—right makes a gentleman, wrong a coward.” I would die with Zang Hong today rather than live with you.” Yuan Shao had him killed too. Everyone present whispered: “Two heroes killed in a single day.”
150
先是洪遣司馬二人出，求救於呂布。 比還，城已陷，皆赴敵死。
Earlier Zang Hong had sent two aides to beg Lu Bu for aid. They returned too late; both died fighting.
151
論曰：雍丘之圍，臧洪之感憤壯矣！ 想其行跣且號，束甲請舉，誠足憐也。 夫豪雄之所趣捨，其與守義之心異乎？ 若乃締謀連衡，懷詐筭以相尚者，蓋惟利埶所在而已。 況偏城既危，曹袁方穆，洪徒指外敵之衡，以紓倒縣之會。 忿悁之師，兵家所忌。 [一]可謂懷哭秦之節，存荊則未聞也。 [二]注[一]前書魏相上書曰：「救亂誅暴，謂之義兵，兵義者王。 敵加於己，不得已而起者，謂之應兵，兵應者勝。 爭恨小故，不勝憤怒者，謂之忿兵，兵忿者敗。
The historian sighs: Yongqiu showed Zang Hong’s blazing grief. Barefoot, weeping, begging for troops—he earns pity. Do heroes choose differently from honest men? Alliance politics chase power—not Hong’s pure motive. His city was doomed; Cao and Yuan were friends—he could only bluff about other threats. Angry armies are what strategists shun. [1] He had Bao Xu’s passion but not his success. [2] Wei Xiang lists types of armies. Defensive war wins. Angry armies lose.
152
利人土地貨寶者，謂之貪兵，兵貪者破。 恃國家之大，矜其人觿，欲見威於敵者，謂之驕兵，兵驕者滅。 此非但人事，乃天道也。」
Greedy armies crumble. Arrogant armies perish. These are heaven’s rules too.”
153
注[二]吳破楚，申包胥如秦乞師，立依於庭牆而哭，日夜不絕聲，勺飲不入口，七日秦師乃出，以車五百乘救楚，敗吳兵於稷。 事見左傳及史記。 言臧洪徒守節致死，不能如包胥之存楚也。
Note: Shen Baoxu’s seven-day vigil moved Qin to save Chu. See *Zuozhuan* and *Shiji*. Zang Hong died for honor but could not save his cause like Bao Xu saved Chu.
154
贊曰：先零擾疆，鄧﹑崔□涼。 詡﹑燮令圖，再全金方。 蓋勳抗董，終然允剛。 洪懷偏節，力屈志揚。
Encomium: Qianling shook the border; Deng Zhi and Cui Lie would abandon Liang. Yu Xu and Fu Xie twice saved the northwest. Gai Xun defied Dong Zhuo to the death. Zang Hong’s stubborn loyalty failed his strength yet lifted his fame.
155
校勘記
Textual collation notes
156
一八六六頁四行乃說李修曰按：集解引惠棟說，謂袁紀詡說太尉張禹，與傳異也。
Editorial note: the *Yuan ji* names Zhang Yu instead of Li Xiu.
157
一八六七頁六行得朝歌何衰按：集解引惠棟說，謂袁紀「何衰」作「可哀」。
Variant reading: “pitiable” vs “unfortunate.”
158
一八六八頁二行譸當作籌也按：御覽一九０引正作「籌」，疑據章懷注改也。
Manuscript evidence supports reading *chou*.
159
一八六八頁一四行明日為三萬醋按：「三」原斗「二」，逕據汲本、殿本改正。
Numeral corrected from two to three.
160
一八六九頁五行築營壁百八十所汲本﹑殿本「百」上有「二」字。 按：通鑒亦作「百八十所」。
Some editions read two hundred eighty camps. The *Zizhi tongjian* agrees with one hundred eighty.
161
一八六九頁九行自沮至下辯集解引惠棟說，謂案漢李翕碑題名，「辯」當作「辨」。 今按：續志作「辨」，通鑒胡注亦作「辨」。
Place-name variant 辯 vs 辨. Sources prefer 辨.
162
一八六九頁一五行每至春夏輒溢沒秋稼壞敗營郭按：類聚六引作「春夏輒潰溢，敗壞城郭」。
Parallel passage wording differs slightly.
163
一八七０頁一行石皆坼裂按：類聚引「坼」作「罅」。
Lexical variant for splitting rock.
164
一八七０頁一行遂無泛溺之患按：汲本「泛」作「泛」。 類聚引作「遂無沉溺之害」。
Homophone variants for flooding. Quote variant.
165
一八七０頁二行谷石千集解引惠棟說，謂御覽八百六十五引續漢書，云「始到郡，谷千五百」，此脫「五百」字。 今按：通鑒亦作「谷石千」。
Possible lacuna of “five hundred.” The *Zizhi tongjian* keeps “one thousand.”
166
一八七０頁七行二府恐為臣所奏按：刊誤謂上文三公劾詡，則「二府」當為「三府」也。
Should read three offices, not two.
167
一八七０頁一四行敦字文理京* (兆) **[縣]*人也張森楷校勘記謂據順帝紀注，敦是河南京縣人，此「兆」字當衍文，或「縣」字之誤。 按：順帝紀注作「京縣人也」，今據改。
Ms. fragment on Wang Dun’s name (fragment) Scholar argues "zhao" is stray text. Emended to Jing county.
168
一八七一頁一行無令臣襲楊震之跡按：「楊」原斗「揚」，逕改正。 下一八七八頁六行「楊會」﹑一八八一頁二行「楊雍」﹑一八八三頁四行注「楊儒」同。
Graph corrected to Yang. Cross-reference on Yang surname graphs.
169
一八七二頁七行自*[四]*百石以下陳景雲謂按續志「百石」上當有「四」字。 今據補。
Missing “four” restored. Added per commentary.
170
一八七二頁八行街*[裡]*走卒刊誤謂後漢志「街」下有一「裡」字。 今據補。
Inserted missing 里. Supplemented.
171
一八七二頁八行率皆赤幘縫□汲本﹑殿本「縫」作「絳」。 按：續志作「絳□」。
Kerchief color variant. Parallel note.
172
一八七三頁一０行與左中郎*[將]*皇甫嵩刊誤謂案嵩傳，此少一「將」字。 今據補。
Missing “general” inserted. Added.
173
一八七六頁一０行並*[三十]*六國陳景雲謂「六」上當有「三十」二字。 今據補。
“Thirty” supplied before six. Added.
174
一八七六頁一一行以* (高) **[鬲]*婼羌據刊誤改。
Fragment gao Emended per collation.
175
一八七七頁一行然憚其名不敢害按：校補謂此處當脫仍奏請封燮某侯，並燮轉某官，否則下文似不接，且議郎亦不得即拜太守也。
Scholar suspects lacuna before rank advance.
176
一八七七頁四行郡將范津明知人按：刊誤謂「明」當作「名」。
明 vs 名 variant.
177
一八七七頁一五行時北*[地]*胡騎數千刊誤謂案文少一「地」字，下文云「鄉里羌胡」，是與燮同北地人也。 今據補。
Inserted 地 in Beidi. Added.
178
一八七八頁五行世亂不能養浩然之志「浩」原斗「皓」，逕改正。 下一五行「養吾浩然之氣」同。
hao vs hao graph fixed. Same correction downstream.
179
一八七八頁九行謚曰壯節侯集解引周壽昌說，謂燮未封侯，豈死後贈爵邪？ 范史不□，明少□。 按：校補謂范氏史法本密，不至一傳之中前後文亦不相應如此，其為上脫燮封侯事明矣。
Scholar questions posthumous marquis title. Damaged passage—critics challenge Fan Ye’s consistency. Editor suspects missing grant of nobility.
180
一八七八頁一一行干字彥林按：集解引惠棟說，謂「林」一作「材」，見三國誌注。
Courtesy name variant Lin vs Cai.
181
一八七八頁一五行趙岐注曰按：「岐」原作「歧」，逕改正。
Name graph fixed.
182
一八七九頁八行紲食鷹鳶按：「鷹」原斗「膺」，逕改正。
Character correction ying.
183
一八七九頁一二行謝承書曰按：「承」原斗「丞」，逕改正。
Name corrected.
184
一八八０頁一三行至狐盤按：集解引惠棟說，謂袁宏紀作「孤盤」。
Place-name Hupan vs Gupan.
185
一八八一頁五行阿陽縣屬天水郡按：「天水」當作「漢陽」，惠棟雲後漢改天水為漢陽。
Commandery name updated for Later Han.
186
一八八一頁八行續漢書梟字作泉也集解引汪文台說，謂范作「梟」非，作「泉」亦非，疑本作「因」，音近斗作「淵」，又以避諱作「泉」。 按：校補謂疑本是「臬」字，誤為「梟」，復斗為「泉」耳。
Complex graph corruption note. Alternative emendation.
187
一八八一頁九行是為愍公慶父襲殺愍公按：兩「愍」字原皆誤「涽」，逕改正。
Graph Min restored.
188
一八八一頁一一行伍承彌縫「伍」原作「五」，逕據汲本﹑殿本改。
Character 伍 restored for the military gloss (not numeral five).
189
一八八三頁三行扶風*[士]*孫瑞據集解引惠棟說補。
Added 士 to surname Shisun.
190
一八八三頁四行桂陽魏傑按：張森楷校勘記謂案太尉劉寬碑陰有「右扶風杜陽魏傑」，獻帝春秋同，而桂陽則荊州郡，不在三輔矣，蓋「桂」字是「杜」字之誤。
Place Guiyang vs Duyang debate.
191
一八八四頁五行臧洪字子源按：集解引惠棟說，謂唐贈工部尚書臧懷恪碑歷□臧氏作「子原」，案字□廠□泉，後人復添三點，見顧炎武金石文字記。
Epigraphy debate on 源 vs 元.
192
一八八四頁六行丹* (揚) **[陽]*太守陳夤據汲本改。
Dan yang Edition-based fix.
193
一八八四頁一三行越州鄮縣按：「鄮」原斗「酇」，逕據汲本﹑殿本改正。
County name fixed.
194
一八八五頁四行河南趙建章按：集解引惠棟說，謂依左雄傳，衍「章」字。
Drop extraneous 章.
195
一八八五頁八行時董卓* (殺) **[弒]*帝據汲本﹑殿本改。
Dong Zhuo kill Edition emendation.
196
一八八七頁一行以* (穰) **[禳]*風雨據汲本改。
fragment rang Text fixed.
197
一八九０頁八行博陵張牛角* (立) **[之]*起刊誤謂「立」當作「之」。 今據改。
Zhang Niujiao li Emend li to zhi. Applied.