1
馬融字季長，扶風茂陵人也，[一]將作大匠嚴之子。 [二]為人美辭貌，有俊才。
Ma Rong, styled Jizhang, came from Maoling in Fufeng. He was the son of Yan, who served as Grand Architect of Works. He was gifted in both speech and looks, and carried uncommon intellectual brilliance.
2
初，京兆摯恂以儒術教授，隱於南山，不應徵聘，名重關西，[三]融從其遊學，博通經籍。 恂奇融才，以女妻之。 注[一]融集云：「茂陵成歡裡人也。」
Early on, Zhi Xun of Jingzhao taught the Confucian curriculum from seclusion on Mount Zhongnan, refusing court appointments; his reputation towered in the Guanxi region. Ma Rong studied under him on the road and gained wide mastery of the canonical texts. Zhi Xun thought highly of Ma Rong's ability and married him to his daughter. Commentary: "Ma Rong's own writings record that he was from the Cheng Huan ward of Maoling."
3
注[二]嚴，援兄余之子。
Commentary: Yan was the son of Yu, elder brother to the general Ma Yuan.
4
注[三]三輔決錄注曰：「恂字季直，好學善屬文，隱於南山之陰。」
Note [3] The commentary to the Sanfu Juelu says: "Xun's courtesy name was Jizhi; he loved learning and was skilled at composition; he lived in seclusion on the northern slope of the Southern Mountain."
5
永初二年，大將軍鄧騭聞融名，召為舍人，非其好也，遂不應命，客於涼州武都、漢陽界中。 會羌虜坎起，邊方擾亂，米谷踴貴，自關以西，道殣相望。 [一]融既饑困，乃悔而歎息，謂其友人曰：「古人有言：『左手據天下之圖，右手刎其喉，愚夫不為。』 [二]所以然者，生貴於天下也。 今以曲俗咫尺之羞，滅無貲之軀，殆非老莊所謂也。」 故往應騭召。 注[一]左傳曰，叔向云：「道殣相望。」 杜注云「餓死為殣」也。 音覲。
In 108 CE, Grand General Deng Zhi, having heard Ma Rong's reputation, offered him a post as palace gentleman—but that life did not suit him. He declined and wandered as a guest between Wudu and Hanyang in Liang province. Then Qiang rebels erupted along the frontier; grain prices skyrocketed, and west of the passes the dead from famine littered the highways—a sight repeated mile after mile. Pressed by hunger and want, Ma Rong reconsidered and sighed to a companion: "The old proverb runs: grasp the realm's map in your left hand and a blade to your throat in your right—even a dull man would refuse that bargain. The point, as the gloss adds, is that one's life outweighs dominion over the world. To let petty shame at vulgar opinion within arm's length cost me a life I cannot afford—that is scarcely the teaching of Laozi and Zhuangzi." So he went and accepted Deng Zhi's invitation. Note [1] The Zuo Zhuan says, Shu Xiang said: "Corpses of the starved lined the roads." Du's commentary says, "To starve to death is jin." Pronunciation jin.
6
注[二]莊子曰。 言不以名害其生者。
The second note points to the Zhuangzi. It warns against trading life for reputation.
7
四年，拜為校書郎中，[一]詣東觀典校秘書。 是時鄧太后臨朝，騭兄弟輔政。
In the fourth year of Yongchu he received appointment as collating gentleman and was sent to the Eastern Institute to oversee the palace library. Empress Dowager Deng was regent; Deng Zhi and his brothers guided the administration.
8
而俗儒世士，以為文德可興，武功宜廢，遂寢搜狩之禮，息戰陳之法，故猾賊從橫，乘此無備。 融乃感激，以為文武之道，聖賢不墜，五才之用，無或可廢。 [二]元初二年，上廣成頌以諷諫。
Pedantic scholars argued that culture should flourish while arms were laid aside; they abandoned the royal hunt and drill, leaving the realm unprepared—so rebels and raiders flourished in the opening. Ma Rong was moved to argue that sage kings never renounced both civil and martial arts, and that of the five elements none—not even arms—could responsibly be discarded. In 115 CE he presented his "Guangcheng Rhapsody" as tactful admonition.
9
其辭曰：[三]注[一]謝承*[書]*及續漢書並雲為校書郎，又拜郎中也。
The piece begins—note that Xie Cheng and the Continuation of the Han History both record the post as collator, then appointment as a palace gentleman.
10
注[二]五才，金、木、水、火、土也。 左傳曰，宋子罕曰「天生五材，人並用之，廢一不可，誰能去兵」也。
Commentary: the "five materials" are the traditional five phases—metal, wood, water, fire, and earth. The Zuo Zhuan quotes Song Zihan: "Heaven gave five resources for human use; none may be cast aside—least of all arms."
11
注[三]廣成，苑，在今汝州梁縣西。
The Guangcheng imperial park lay west of Liang county in present-day Ruzhou, Henan.
12
臣聞孔子曰：「奢則不遜，儉則固。」 奢儉之中，以禮為界。 [一]是以蟋蟀、山樞之人，並刺國君，諷以太康馳驅之節。 [二]夫樂而不荒，憂而不困，[三]先王所以平和府藏，頤養精神，致之無疆。 [四]故戛擊鳴球，載於虞謨； 吉日車攻，序於周詩。 [五]聖主賢君，以增盛美，豈徒為奢淫而已哉！ 伏見元年已來，遭值□運，[六]陛下戒懼災異，躬自菲薄，荒□禁苑，廢□樂懸，勤憂潛思，十有餘年，以過禮數。 重以皇太后體唐堯親九族篤睦之德，陛下履有虞烝烝之孝，外捨諸家，每有憂疾，聖恩普勞，遣使交錯，稀有曠絕。 時時寧息，又無以自娛樂，殆非所以逢迎太和，裨助萬福也。 臣愚以為雖尚頗有蝗蟲，今年五月以來，雨露時澍，祥應將至。 方涉冬節，農事閒隙，宜幸廣成，覽原隰，觀宿麥，*[勸]*收藏，因講武校獵，使寮庶百姓，復鶯羽旄之美，聞鐘鼓之音，歡嬉喜樂，鼓舞疆畔，[七]以迎和氣，招致休慶。 小臣螻蟻，不勝區區。 職在書籍，謹依舊文，重述搜狩之義，作頌一篇，並封上。
I have heard Confucius say: "If extravagant, one is not deferential; if frugal, one is rustic." Between those poles, the rites mark the proper limit. The odes "Cricket" and "The Mountain Elms" each rebuke a duke, warning against the excess of untrammeled ease and sport. Delight without dissipation, care without despair—that is how the ancient kings harmonized the treasuries, refreshed the mind, and secured lasting order. Hence the Shang shu’s "Counsels of Yu" memorializes the strike of mallets and the ring of jade chimes. The Book of Odes places the hunt pieces "Auspicious Day" and "Our Chariots, Strong" in the Canon of Zhou. Sage sovereigns employed such pageantry to crown their reigns, not to indulge mere excess. Since your accession, Heaven’s portents have kept you vigilant: you have denied yourself, let the royal parks run fallow, silenced the court instruments, and brooded in care for over a decade—an austerity that outstrips the rites’ demand. The empress dowager, like Yao, cherishes every branch of the clan; you, like Shun, pour out filial devotion, slighting your own kin. At each illness or anxiety you dispatch messengers without long pause—your solicitude never flags. Yet in rare calm you have no outlet for refreshment—hardly a way to court cosmic concord or secure every blessing. Locusts may linger, but since the fifth month timely rains have fallen; good omens will follow. Winter brings a lull in the fields: this is the season to progress to Guangcheng, tour wet and dry ground, inspect the winter wheat, urge the harvest in, and hold maneuvers and a royal hunt. Let court and country again see plumes and streamers, hear drums and bells, and take heart along the borderlands—inviting gentle weather and heaping blessing. I am but a minor official, no more than an ant, yet I cannot hold back this humble plea. My office tends the archives; I have therefore followed classical precedent, restated the meaning of the royal hunt, and submit a rhapsody under seal.
13
淺陋鄙薄，不足觀省。 注[一]界猶限也。
The piece is shallow and unworthy of your attention. The gloss: jie here means a fixed limit.
14
注[二]詩國風序曰：「蟋蟀，刺晉僖公也。 儉不中禮。」 其詩曰：「無已太康，職思其居。」 毛萇注云：「已，甚也。」 鄭箋云：「君雖當自樂，亦無甚太樂，欲其用禮以為節也。」 又序曰：「山有樞，刺晉昭公也。 有才不能用。」 其詩曰：「子有車馬，弗馳弗驅。 宛其死矣，佗人是愉。」 言僖公以太康貽戒，昭公以不能馳驅被譏，言文武之道須折衷也。 樞音謳。
The Great Preface to the Airs of the States says "Cricket" rebukes Duke Xi of Jin. His frugality failed to meet the measure of the rites." The ode reads: "Cease your lordly ease—mind the duties at home." Mao Heng glosses yi as 'excess.' Zheng Xuan adds: "a ruler may enjoy himself, but not to dissipation; ritual must set the bounds." The Preface also says "The Mountain Elm" reproves Duke Zhao of Jin. He possessed talent but wasted it." The lines run: "You own teams and cars yet never drive them out. When you are gone, others will take your joy." This says that Duke Xi was warned through Taikang, and Duke Zhao was ridiculed for being unable to gallop and drive; it means that the civil and martial ways must be balanced. Read shu as ou (the tree name).
15
注[三]左傳曰，吳季札聘於魯，魯為之歌頌。 季札曰：「樂而不荒。」 為之歌衛。 曰：「憂而不困。」
The Zuo Zhuan records Prince Jizha of Wu visiting Lu, where he heard the Hymns performed. Jizha judged them "joyful yet never reckless." Next they played the airs of Wei. He described them as "weighty yet never crushed."
16
注[四]韓詩外傳曰：「人有五藏六府。 何謂五藏？ 精藏於腎，神藏於心，魂藏於肝，魄藏於肺，志藏於脾，此之謂五藏也。 何謂六府？ 喉咽者，量腸之府也； 胃者，五穀之府也； 大腸者，轉輸之府也； 小腸者，受成之府也； 膽者，積精之府也； 旁光者，湊液之府也。」 詩曰：「天生蒸民，有物有則。」
Han Ying’s Outer Commentary asks: "Humankind stores spirit in five viscera and six chambers. What counts as the five viscera? Essence lodges in the kidneys, spirit in the heart, the ethereal soul in the liver, the corporeal soul in the lungs, and intent in the spleen—those are the five stores. And the six 'palaces'? The gullet is the yardstick of the bowels. The stomach is the granary of the five crops. The large intestine is the transport depot. The small intestine completes digestion. The gall bladder stockpiles refined essences. The bladder collects the humors." The Classic adds: "Heaven overspread the mass of folk, each thing with its proper rule."
17
注[五]戛，敔也，音古八反。 形如伏獸，背上有二十七刻，以木長尺櫟之，所以止樂。 擊，柷也，像桶，中有椎柄，連底搖之，所以作樂。 見三禮圖。 球，玉磬也。 虞謨，舜典也。 詩小雅曰：「吉日維戊，既伯既禱。 田車既好，四牡孔阜。」 又曰：「我車既攻，我馬既同。」
Jia denotes the yu scraper, read with the old fanqie spelling gu-ba. Shaped like a crouching animal with twenty-seven teeth, it is struck with a one-foot mallet to cut off the music. The zhu looks like a tub with an inner pestle on a swivel—shake it to begin the piece. See the Three Rituals diagrams. Qiu is the jade chime-stone. The "Counsels of Yu" section belongs to the Canon of Shun. The Lesser Ya intones: "This lucky day, the fifth stem—we have offered to the herd-lord and prayed. Our hunting cars are trim; the four bays tower high." Elsewhere: "Our chariots are tight; our teams move as one."
18
注[六]元年謂安帝即位年也。 □運謂地震、大水、雨雹之類。
The commentator takes "first year" as the year Emperor An took the throne (107 CE). The missing graph marks Heaven’s ill favor—earthquakes, floods, hailstorms, and the like.
19
注[七]孟子對齊宣王曰：「今王* (頗) *鼓樂於此，百姓聞王鐘鼓之聲，舉欣欣然有喜色而相告曰：『吾王庶幾無疾病歟？ 何以能鼓樂也！』 今王田獵於此，百姓見羽旄之美，欣欣有喜色而相告曰：『吾王庶幾無疾病歟？ 何以能田獵也？』 此無佗，與人同樂也。」
Mencius once told King Xuan of Qi: "If you, my king, (Text variant: po 'quite.') If you raise music here, the people hear your bells and drums, brighten with joy, and say to one another, ‘Perhaps our king is well? How else could he make such music!’ ’ When you hunt here and folk see the splendor of your banners, they smile and ask the same: ‘Is our king hale? How else could he ride to the chase!’ ’ There is no other secret: you share their pleasures."
20
臣聞昔命師於鞬櫜，偃伯於靈台，或人嘉而稱焉。 [一]彼固未識夫雷霆之為天常，金革之作昏明也。 [二]自黃炎之前，傳道罔記； 三五以來，越可略聞。 且區區之酆郊，猶廓七十里之囿，盛春秋之苗。 [三]詩詠* (囿) **[圃]*草，樂奏騶虞。 [四]是以大漢之初基也，宅茲天邑，總風雨之會，交陰陽之和。 [五]揆厥靈囿，營於南郊。 [六]徒觀其□場區宇，恢胎曠蕩，□敻勿罔，寥豁鬱泱，[七]騁望千里，天與地莽。 於是周阹環瀆，右矕三塗，左概嵩岳，[八]面據衡陰，箕背王屋，浸以波、溠，夤以滎、洛。 [九]金山、石林，殷起乎其中，峨峨磑磑，鏘鏘□□，隆穹盤回，嵎峗錯崔。 [一０]神泉側出，丹水涅池，怪石浮磬，耀焜於其陂。 [一一]其土毛則搉牧薦草，芳茹甘荼，[一二]茈萁、芸蒩，昌本、深蒱，[一三]芝荋、菫、荁，蘘荷、芋渠，[一四]桂荏、鳧葵，格、□、菹、於。 [一五]其植物則玄林包竹，藩陵蔽京，珍林嘉樹，建木叢生，[一六]椿、梧、栝、柏，櫃、柳、楓、楊，[一七]豐彤對蔚，崟蹌槮爽。 [一八]翕習春風，含津吐榮，舖於布□，蓶扈蘳熒，惡可殫形。 [一九]注[一]鞬以藏箭，櫜以藏弓。 鞬音紀言反。 櫜音高。 禮記孔子曰：「武王克殷，倒載干戈，包以獸皮，名之曰建櫜。」 鄭注云「建讀為鍵」，音其蹇反，謂藏閉之也，此馬鄭異義。 司馬法曰：「古者武軍三年不興，則凱樂凱歌，偃伯靈台，荅人之勞，告不興也。」 偃，休也。 伯謂師節也。 靈台，望氣之台也。
They say the ancient kings summoned armies from the quiver and silenced war-horses at Lingtai; romantics still praise that restraint. Those critics never grasped that thunder belongs to Heaven’s regular pulse, or that arms and armor measure night from day. Before the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di, tradition hardly survives. From the Three August Ones and Five Emperors onward we catch only faint echoes. Even petty Feng kept a seventy-li royal park and staged spring and autumn hunts. The Odes hymned (Graph: you 'enclosed park.') The ode sings of parkland herbs while musicians played "Zouyu." Thus at Han’s founding the capital claimed Heaven’s mandate, drew wind and rain into one place, and wedded yin to yang. They measured the sacred hunting ground and laid out its lodges south of the city. Look across the parade ground where the manuscript is damaged: horizons swell, misted distances blur, and the eye races a thousand li until sky and scrubland merge. Round about run deer-fences and moats: San Tu rises to the right, Mount Song anchors the left. Ahead lies the northern flank of Mount Heng; behind tower the Wangwu ridges. The Bo and Zha rivers soak its skirts; the Ying and Luo wind along its flanks. Gold-hued ridges and stone forests surge upward—towering, jagged, with a ringing resonance where the manuscript is damaged—domed peaks coil while broken cliffs crowd in dizzy tiers. [10] Sacred springs well from the flanks, cinnabar-tinted waters and dark pools thread between, and fantastical boulders like suspended lithophones flash along the levees. [11] The turf yields hay for sacrifice and sweet meadow fodder, scented roots and mellow bitter greens; [12] royal fern and fragrant weeds, irises and pond-reeds; [13] wild mushrooms, violets, and legumes, myoga and taro; [14] perilla, water-lilies, and more whose names the damaged text only half records. [15] Ink-black groves swallow bamboo groves; ridges veil the capital mound while prized timber rises in thickets like the mythic Jian wood; [16] ailanthus, paulownia, hardy junipers and cypresses, oak, willow, maple, and poplar stand [17] in paired splendor, layered green ramparts scraping the sky. [18] They sip the spring breeze, swell with sap, and burst into bloom across slopes the manuscript only partly names—too lush, too luminous to describe in full. Commentary: the quiver case stores shafts; the bow-sheath cradles the bow. Pronounce jian with the fanqie ji-yan. Gao rhymes with ‘high’ (gao). The Book of Rites quotes Confucius: after conquering Shang, King Wu bundled spear and dagger-axe in hides and called the bundle the ‘sealed bow-case.’ Zheng Xuan glosses jian as ‘bolt’ (read qi-jian fan), meaning to seal away—here the Ma and Zheng schools diverge. The Methods of the Marshal says that when three years passed without war, the army sang paeans and sheathed the commander’s baton at Lingtai, thanking the realm and declaring peace. ‘Lay aside’ here means to rest. Bo is the marshal’s staff of authority. Lingtai was the observation terrace for reading Heaven’s omens.
21
注[二]左傳鄭子太叔曰：「為刑罰威獄，以類天之震耀殺戮。」 杜注曰：「雷霆震耀，天之威也。 聖人作刑獄以象類之。」 又宋子罕曰：「兵之設久矣，所以威不軌而昭文德也。 聖人以興，亂人以廢，廢興存亡昏明之術，皆兵之由也。」
Zi Taishu of Zheng explains that penal awe mimics Heaven’s thunderbolt slaughter. Du Yu: lightning-flash is Heaven’s majesty. So sages fashioned prisons in imitation." Further, Song Zihan said: "The establishment of arms is long-standing—it is by this that irregular conduct is awed and civil virtue displayed. Sages rise and miscreants fall through them: war governs every turn from light to dark."
22
注[三]酆，周文王所都。 孟子曰：「文王之囿方七十里。」 爾雅曰：「春獵為搜，夏曰苗，秋曰獮，冬曰狩。」
Commentary: Feng was King Wen’s Zhou capital. Mencius records King Wen’s hunting park as seventy li on a side. The Erya says, "The spring hunt is sou, the summer hunt is miao, the autumn hunt is xian, and the winter hunt is shou."
23
注[四]韓詩曰：「東有* (囿) **[圃]*草，駕言行狩。」 毛詩曰：「彼茁者葭，一發五豝，于嗟乎騶虞。」 毛萇注云：「騶虞，義獸也，白虎黑文，不食生物。 有至信之德則應之。」 周禮大司樂：「王大射則奏騶虞。」
The Han version of the Odes begins: “Eastward lies The character is you, denoting the royal park. It continues with meadow herbs—hitch the car and ride to hunt.” The Mao text praises the marsh-reeds and the five boars dropped at one shot—“oh, the auspicious Zouyu beast!” Mao Chang's commentary says: "Zouyu is a righteous beast, white tiger with black markings; it does not eat living creatures. It appears only when perfect trust rules the age." The Rites of Zhou direct the court musicians to play “Zouyu” at the king’s great archery rite."
24
注[五]周禮曰：「風雨之所會也，陰陽之所和也，乃建王國焉。」 天邑謂洛陽也。
Note [5] The Zhou li says: "Where wind and rain gather, where yin and yang harmonize—there establish the royal domain." ‘Heaven’s city’ here means Luoyang.
25
注[六]揆，度也。 詩大雅曰：「王在靈囿。」 言作廣成苑以比之。
Kui means to survey or lay out. The Greater Ya sings: “The king walked his numinous park.” Ma Rong means Guangcheng is modeled on that royal preserve.
26
注[七]□音眇，泱音烏朗反，並廣大貌。
The damaged graph is read miao; yang uses the fanqie wu-lang—both describe boundless space.
27
注[八]阹音欺於反。 上林賦曰：「江河為阹。」 郭璞注曰：「因山谷遮禽獸曰阹。」 廣雅曰：「矕，視也。」 音馬板反。 三塗，山名，在陸渾縣西南。
Qu: read with fanqie qi-yu. Sima Xiangru’s “Upper Woods Rhapsody” turns rivers into deer-corralling moats. Guo Pu: "corrals that follow ravines to trap game are called qu." The Guang ya glosses man as ‘to gaze.’ Read it ma-ban fan. Mount San Tu lies southwest of Luhun county.
28
注[九]衡陰，衡山之北。 山海經曰：「雉山，澧水出焉。 東曰衡山，多青* (懼)**[□]*。」 地裡志云：「雉縣衡山，澧水所出。」 在今鄧州向城縣北。 王屋，山，在今王屋縣北。 周禮曰：「豫州，其浸波、溠，其川滎、洛。」 水經注云「溠水出黃山」。 在今隨州棗陽縣東北。 又云「波水出歇馬嶺」，即應劭所謂孤山波水所出者。 在今汝州魯山西北。 滎水在滎陽縣東是也。
‘North of Heng’ means the northern flank of Mount Heng. The Shanhai jing says: "Zhi Mountain—out of it comes the Li River. Eastward it is styled Mount Heng, rich in green The alternate graph is read ju. The Han geography monograph places Mount Zhi in Zhi county as the Li’s spring. That lies north of Xiangcheng in modern Nanyang prefecture. Mount Wangwu stands north of today’s Wangwu county seat. The Rites of Zhou list Bo and Zha as Yu province’s marshes, Ying and Luo as its main streams. The Shuijing zhu says "The Zha River comes forth from Huang Mountain." That source lies northeast of Zaoyang in Suizhou. The same work sets the Bo at Horse-Rest Ridge—Ying Shao’s ‘lonely peak’ whence the Bo rises. That spring lies northwest of Lushan in Ruzhou. The Ying east of Yingyang county is meant.
29
注[一０]金山，金門山也。 水經注雲在澠池縣南。 石林，大石山也，一名萬安山，在河南郡境，* (薄) **[簿]*云「洛陽縣南大石山中有雜樹木，有祠名大石祠，山高二百丈」也。 殷音於謹反，磑音五來反，□音徂回反，嵎音隅，峗音魚軌反，並高峻魍。
Commentary: ‘Gold Mountain’ is Mount Golden Gate. Li Daoyuan places it south of Mianchi. ‘Stone Forest’ is the massif also known as Mount Wan’an in Henan commandery— The variant character is read bo. [bu] says "South of Luoyang County, within the great stone mountain, are mixed trees; there is a shrine called Great Stone Shrine; the mountain is two hundred zhang high." Sound glosses: yin (yu-jin), wei (wu-lai), the damaged graph (cu-hui), yu as ‘corner,’ wei as yu-gui—all denote towering crags.
30
注[一一]爾雅曰：「* (汍) **[氿]*泉穴出。 穴出，側出也。」 丹水、涅水在今鄧州。 怪石，怪異好石似玉者。 浮磬，若泗水中石，可以為磬也。 耀焜，光也。
Note [11] The Er ya says: The graph is the character wan. These are side-spouting springs (qiu springs). "From a cavity" means they well out sideways." The Dan and Nie streams lie in modern Nanyang prefecture. ‘Strange rocks’ are handsome stones that resemble jade. ‘Floating chimes’ evoke the lithophones quarried from the Si Riverbed. Yao kun means radiant light.
31
注[一二]毛，草也。 左傳雲楚芋尹無宇曰：「食土之毛，誰非君臣？」 搉，相傳音角。 搉牧，未詳。 莊子曰：「麋鹿食薦。」 一曰，草稠曰薦。 茹，菜也。 爾雅曰：「荼，苦菜也。」 詩曰：「堇荼如飴。」 飴亦甘也。
Here mao means vegetation. The Zuo Zhuan quotes Milord Yu: ‘Everything sprung from this soil owes fealty—who is not subject or lord?’ Tradition reads quo like jiao. The compound quo mu remains obscure. The Zhuangzi says: "Elk and deer eat jian." Another gloss: rank grass is ‘jian.’ Ru denotes edible greens. The Er ya says: "Tu is bitter vegetable." The poem says: "Violet and bitter lettuce are like malt syrup." Here yi means sweetness.
32
注[一三]茈音紫。 萁音其。 爾雅曰：「藄，月爾。」 郭璞注曰：「即紫藄也，似蕨可食。」 芸，香草也。 說文云：「似苜蓿。」 蒩音資都反。 廣雅曰：「蕺，蒩也。 其根似茅根，可食。」 昌本，昌蒱根也。 深蒱謂蒱白生深水之中。
Zi rhymes with ‘purple.’ Qi as in ‘its.’ The Er ya calls this fern qi ‘moon-ear.’ Guo Pu: "the purple bracken, edible like common fern." Yun is aromatic rue. The Shuowen says: "It resembles alfalfa." Zu: read zi-du fan. The Guang ya says: "Ji is zu. Its tuber recalls cogon root and is edible." ‘Iris root’ is the rhizome of sweet-flag. ‘Deep cattail’ is the white shoot sprouting in deep pools.
33
注[一四]芝荋，草也。 禮記曰：「芝栭菱椇。」 荋音而。 堇，菜，花紫，葉可食而滑。 荁音戶官反。 禮記曰：「堇荁枌榆。」 鄭注云：「苣，堇類也。」 蘘荷，苗似姜，根色紅紫似芙蓉，可食。 芋渠即芋魁也，一名蹲鴟，大葉，根可食也。
Commentary: zhi er is a herbaceous plant. The Record of Rites says: "Fungus caps, water-chestnut pods." Er rhymes with ‘ear.’ Violet-rabbit-ear bears purple blooms; its leaves are slick and edible. Yuan: fanqie hu-guan. The Record of Rites says: "Jin, yuan, elm meal." Zheng's commentary says: "Ju is of the jin type." Myoga looks like young ginger; its madder-red root tastes like lotus rhizome. Taro corms—also called ‘crouching owl’—bear broad leaves and starchy corms.
34
注[一五]爾雅曰：「蘇，桂荏。」 方言曰：「蘇亦荏也。」 爾雅曰：「茆，鳧葵。」 葉團似蓴，生水中，今俗名水葵。 爾雅曰：「茖，山□。」 格與茖古字通。 菹音子閭反，即巴苴，一名芭蕉。 於，軒於也，一名蕕，生於水中* (矣) **[涘]*。
The Er ya names perilla ‘cassia-basil.’ The Fang yan says: "Su is also ren." The Er ya says: "Mao is mallard-flowering caltrop." Round leaves like water-shield; it grows submerged and is now called ‘water mallow.’ The Er ya says: "Ge is mountain herb (one graph missing in text)." The graphs ge and ge were ancient variants. Ju (fanqie zi-lü) is the plantain lily, also named ‘bash banana.’ Yu is the marsh herb ‘xuan yu,’ alias you, rooted in water— Text variant yi. They grow along the margin’s si (shore).”
35
注[一六]玄猶幽也。 包，叢生也。 爾雅曰：「大阜曰陵，絕高曰京。」 藩亦蔽也。 建木，長木也。
Commentary: xuan means somber or shadowed. ‘Wrapping’ here means growing in thickets. The Er ya says: "A great mound is called ling; surpassingly high is called jing." ‘Hedge’ likewise means to veil. ‘Cosmic-axis trees’ are exceptionally lofty timber.
36
注[一七]並木名也。 櫃音矩。 楊，□韻音以征反。
All entries in the list are names of trees. Read gui like ju. Yang: fanqie yi-zheng where the rime-group graph is missing.
37
注[一八]並林木貌也。 對音徒對反。 崟音吟。 槮音所金反。 爽，□韻音生。
These binomes describe the look of forest stands. Dui: fanqie tu-dui. Yin rhymes with ‘chant.’ Shen: fanqie suo-jin. Shuang: read sheng per the damaged rime gloss.
38
注[一九]舖音敷。 蓶音以揆反。 郭璞注爾雅云：「草木花初出為髭。」 與蓶通，其字從「唯」，本作從「荏」者，誤也。 扈音戶。 蘳音胡瓦反，字從「圭」，並花葉貌。 本或作* (蘳)**[□]*。 說文云：「蘳，黃花也。」 廣雅曰：「好色也。」 熒，光也。 惡，何也，音烏。
Pu is read like fu ‘spread.’ Wei: fanqie yi-kui. Guo Pu's commentary on the Er ya says: "When plants first send forth flowers it is called zi." It interchanges with wei; the character follows 'wei'; those originally written following 'ren' are erroneous. Hu as in ‘door.’ Gui is read hu-wa fan; the character follows 'gui'; both are appearances of flowers and leaves. Some manuscripts read the graph gui. The Shuowen says: "Gui is yellow flower." The Guang ya says: "Fine color." Ying means gleaming light. Wu is the interrogative ‘how,’ read wu.
39
至於陽月，陰慝害作，百草畢落，林衡戒田，焚萊柞木。 [一]然後舉天網，頓八紘，揫斂九藪之動物，繯橐四野之飛征。 [二]鳩之乎茲囿之中，山敦雲移，腢鳴膠膠，鄙騃噪讙，子野聽聳，離朱目眩，隸首策亂，陳子籌昏。 [三]於時營圍恢廓，充斥川谷，罦罝羅羉，彌綸坑澤，□牢陵山。 [四]校隊案部，前後有屯，甲乙相伍，戊己為堅。 [五]注[一]爾雅曰：「十月為陽。」 孫炎注曰：「純陰用事，嫌於無陽，故以名雲。」
In the tenth month yin’s killing breath strikes; grasses brown; forest wardens ready the grounds—torching brush and lopping timber. [1] Then Heaven’s net lifts, the eight reaches cinch tight, game from the nine marshlands is rounded up, and birds winging over the four wastes are netted in sacks. [2] Creatures are driven into the enclosure—hillocks drift under racing clouds; turtle-doves coo in chorus; rough beasts bay; court musicians strain their ears; keen-eyed trackers grow dizzy; legendary reckoners lose count. [3] The battue swells until valleys brim—pheasant nets, hare snares, bird nets, and boar nets quilt pools and bogs and seal every ridge. [4] Companies fall into line—van and rear guard stand in camps, jia and yi files wheel together, while wu and ji anchor the center. [5] Commentary cites the Er ya: "the tenth month is called yang." Sun Yan's commentary says: "Pure yin holds sway; fearing the absence of yang, therefore it is so named."
40
左傳曰：「唯正月之朔，慝未作。」 杜注云：「慝，陰氣也。 害作言陰氣肅殺，害於百草也。」 周禮曰：「林衡掌巡林麓之禁令。」 又曰：「牧師掌牧地，凡田事贊焚萊。」 除草也。 柞音士雅反，邪斫木也。 周禮：「柞氏掌攻草木及林麓。」
The Zuo Zhuan says evil does not stir until after the first month’s new moon. Du Yu defines te as yin’s breath. ‘Harm arises’ means autumn’s killing frost scything every herb. The Zhou li says: "The Forest Master supervises patrolling the forest foot prohibitions." It also says: "The Pasture Master administers pasture lands; for all field affairs he assists in burning stubble." That is, clearing undergrowth. Zha (fanqie shi-ya) means angled timber-cutting. Zhou li: "The Zha clan supervises attacking grass and trees down to the forest foot."
41
注[二]揫，聚也，音子由反。 周禮職方氏掌九藪：楊州具區，荊州雲夢，豫州圃田，青州孟諸，兗州大野，雍州弦蒲，幽州貕養，冀州楊紆，并州昭余祁。
Qiu means ‘to gather,’ fanqie zi-you. The Office of Regions in the Zhou li governs the nine marshes: in Yangzhou, Juqu; in Jingzhou, Yunmeng; in Yuzhou, Putian; in Qingzhou, Mengzhu; in Yanzhou, Daye; in Yongzhou, Xianpu; in Youzhou, Xiyang; in Jizhou, Yangyu; and in Bingzhou, Zhaoyuqi.
42
鄭玄注云：「澤無水曰藪。」 動物謂禽獸也。 繯音胡犬反，又胡串反。 說文曰：「繯，落也。」 國語曰：「繯於山有罕。」 賈逵注云：「繯，還也。」 橐，囊也，音托。 四野，四方之野。 飛征，飛走也。
Zheng Xuan's commentary says: "A marsh without open water is called sou." ‘Moving creatures’ means furred and feathered game. Huan: alternate fanqie hu-quan or hu-chuan. The Shuowen glosses huan as ‘drop-net.’ The Guoyu says: "Ring-nets on mountains have han." Jia Kui reads huan as ‘encircle.’ Tuo is a game bag, read tuo. The ‘four wilds’ are the wastelands beyond the quarters. ‘Flying migrants’ means birds on the wing and beasts on the run.
43
注[三]鳩，聚也。 敦音屯，亦積聚也。 鄙騃，獸奮迅貌也。 鄙音普美反，騃音俟。 韓詩曰：「駓駓俟俟，或腢或友。」 眩，亂也，□韻音玄。 隸首，黃帝時善筭者也。 陳子，陳平，善於籌策也。 昏，亂也。 言禽獸多不可筭計。
Commentary: jiu means to assemble. Dun (read tun) also means ‘heap together.’ Bi ai paints beasts lunging in frenzy. Bi: fanqie pu-mei; ai as in si ‘wait.’ Han Ying’s ode lines describe herds pairing off as mates or allies. Xuan means dazzled—read xuan per the damaged gloss. Lishou was the Yellow Emperor’s star accountant. ‘Chenzi’ is Chen Ping, master of counters and schemes. Hun means mental fog. The point is game beyond counting.
44
注[四]罦音浮，雉網也。 罝，兔□也。 羉，彘網也，音力官反。 並見爾雅。 坑音苦庚反。 蒼頡篇曰：「坑，壑也。」 □牢猶牢籠也。 孫卿子曰「□牢天下而制之，若制子孫」也。 諸本有作牢柵者，非也。
Fu (read fu) is the long net for pheasants. Ju is the hare snare (text breaks mid-word). Lian nets swine—fanqie li-guan. All are defined in the Er ya. Keng: fanqie ku-geng. The Cangjie pian says: "Keng is ravine. The damaged binome means ‘to pen’ or trap. "Master Xun said the ruler should lock the realm as tight as a paddock and rule it like commanding sons and grandsons, though the manuscript lacks the opening graph." Editions that read ‘stockade’ are corrupt.
45
注[五]周禮司馬職曰：「前後有屯。」 甲乙謂相次也。 伍，伍長也。 戊己居中為中堅也。
The Rites of Zhou’s horse marshal prescribes van and rear camps. Jia and yi mark successive ranks. Wu here denotes five-man squads with leaders. Wu and ji anchor the middle as the iron center.
46
乘輿乃以吉月之陽朔，登於疏鏤之金路，六驌獮之玄龍，建雄虹之旌夏，揭鳴鳶之修橦。 [一]曳長庚之飛髾，載日月之太常，棲招搖與玄弋，注枉矢於天狼。
On the tenth month’s lucky new moon the emperor mounts his pierced-bronze state carriage drawn by six flecked chargers like black dragons; rainbow banners rise and long hawk pennants spear the sky. [1] Streamers trail like the planet Venus; the Grand Constant bears sun-and-moon blazons; Guiding Lance and Dark Dart staffs rear beside Sirius.
47
[二]羽毛紛其髟鼬，揚金亨而扦玉瓖。 [三]屯田車於平原，播同徒於高岡，旃旝摻其如林，錯五色以摛光。 [四]清氛埃，埽野場，誓六師，搜鑈良。 [五]司徒勒卒，司馬平行，車攻馬同，教達戒通。 [六]伐咎鼓，撞華鐘，獵徒縱，赴榛叢。 [七]徽嫿霍奕，別騖分奔，騷擾聿皇，往來交舛，紛紛回回，南北東西。
[2] Plumes toss like loosened hair; bells of bronze clang while jade cheek-pieces flash. [3] Supply wagons ring the flats, runners swarm the ridges, felt banners crowd like woods, and five-colored silks braid shifting light. [4] Haze lifts from the drill ground, heralds bind oaths on six armies, smiths test keen weapons. [5] The Minister of Education tightens files, the marshal aligns wings—chariots level, teams paired—so orders run clear through every command. [6] Fault drums thunder, ritual bells boom, beaters spring forward into scrub oak. [7] Teams flare and wheel—chargers split, squadrons veer, dust boiling east, west, south, north without pattern.
48
[八]風行雲轉，匈糝隱訇，黃塵勃滃，闇若霧昏。 [九]日月為之籠光，列宿為之翳昧，僄狡課才，勁勇程氣。 [一０]狗馬角逐，鷹□競鷙，驍騎旁佐，輕車橫厲，相與陸梁，聿皇於中原。 絹猑縞，鏦特肩，脰完羝，撝介鮮，散毛族，梏羽腢。 [一一]然後飛鋋電激，流矢雨墜，各指所質，不期俱殪，竄伏扔輪，發作梧羆。 [一二]祋殳狂擊，頭陷顱碎，獸不得猭，禽不得瞥。 [一三]或夷由未殊，顛狽頓躓，蝡蝡蟫蟫，充衢塞隧，葩華□布，不可勝計。 [一四]
[8] Wind and cloud spin together; hooves drum like muffled thunder; ocher dust boils until noon seems twilight. [9] Sun and moon dull among dust; constellations fade—swift riders prove skill, stout men measure mettle. [10] Hounds and racers spur each other; hawks stoop where text fails; cataphracts sweep the flanks, light cars shear sideways—the whole host stampedes the heartland. Greyhounds in silk leashes, pale coursers, bull-necks ringed, lacquered armor gleaming, fur and feather prizes corded by teams. [11] Iron lances flash like lightning, arrows sheet down—every hunter finds his mark; quarry drops mid leap; rolling wheels flush bears from stone dens. [12] Butt-spiked staffs crunch bone—no beast slips the cordon, no bird darts a sidelong escape. [13] Some quarry still twitches, some sprawls headlong—beasts writhe in heaps choking paths where blossoms fleck the dust beyond count. [14] The received text marks citation fourteen without verse—likely a lacuna in the manuscript.
49
注[一]陽朔，十月朔也。 疏鏤謂雕鏤也。 周遷輿服雜記曰：「玉路，重* (較) **[輅]*也。 金路、玉路形制如一。 六，駕六馬也。」 續漢志曰：「天子五路，駕六馬。」
Commentary: ‘yang new moon’ is the first day of the tenth month. ‘Openwork’ here means open-carved bronze. A Zhou ritual note begins: "the jade-sheathed chariot, with heavy the graph jiao (uprights). The gloss ends with the lu carriage-body. The gold- and jade-banded state cars share one pattern. ‘Six’ means a six-horse team. The Later Han monograph says the emperor’s five chariots use six bays each.”
50
驌獮，馬名。 左傳雲，唐成公有兩驌獮馬。 周禮曰：「馬高八尺曰龍。」 禮記曰：「孟冬，乘玄輅，駕鐵驪。」 今此亦順冬氣而乘玄也。 郭璞注爾雅云：「虹雙出色鮮盛者為雄。」 左傳云：「舞師題以旌夏。」 杜預注云：「旌夏，大旌也。」
Suxian names a famous bay pattern. The Zuo Zhuan credits Duke Cheng of Tang with a pair of suxian steeds. The Rites measure eight chi from withers to crown as a ‘dragon’ horse.” Winter ritual rides the sable coach behind iron-black stallions.” Ma Rong likewise aligns with winter’s colorway—dark carriage, dark horses. Guo Pu’s commentary on the Er ya says: "When the rainbow shows twin arcs the brighter is male." The Zuo Zhuan has the master of dance emblazon the great standard.” Du Yu: jing xia is the king’s great ensign.”
51
揭，舉也，音渠列反。 禮記曰：「前有塵埃，則載鳴鳶。」 鳶，鴟也，音緣。 鳴則風動，故畫之於旌旗以候埃塵也。 橦者，旗之竿也，音直江反。
Jie: read qu-lie fan, ‘to lift aloft.’ The Book of Rites says to fly the kite banner when dust swirls ahead—an omen of wind.” Yuan is the kite; read yuan. Kites cry before a gust, so their image on silk warned the vanguard of rising dust. Tong is the flagstaff—fanqie zhi-jiang.
52
注[二]長庚即太白星。 髾音所交反，即旌旗所垂之羽毛也。 太常，天子所建大旗也，畫之日月。 周禮云：「日月為常。」 招搖、玄弋、天狼，並星名也。 枉矢，妖星，蛇行有尾目，* (赤) **[亦]*畫於旌旗也。
Commentary: the ‘long Geng’ star is Venus. Shao (suo-jiao) names the plumes that trail from the banner’s edge. The Grand Constant is the royal standard blazoned with sun and moon. The Rites of Zhou define the ‘constant’ as the sun-moon blazon.” Bootes’ Lance, the Dark Dart, and Sirius are asterisms painted on the vexilla. The Crooked Arrow meteor trails like a snake— text variant chi ‘red.’ —likewise emblazoned on the army’s silks.
53
注[三]髟鼬，羽旄飛揚魍也。 髟音必由反。 鼬音羊救反。 蔡邕獨斷曰：「金亨者，馬冠也，高廣各四寸，在馬□前。」 亨音無犯反，一音子公反。 瓖，馬帶以玉飾之，音襄。
Commentary: biao you depicts plumage whipping in the wind. Biao: fanqie bi-you. You: fanqie yang-jiu. Cai Yong explains the bronze crest on the horse’s brow—four cun square—just ahead of the animal’s ting: alternate readings wu-fan or zi-gong. Xiang are jade cheek-straps; read xiang.
54
注[四]詩小雅曰：「我車既好。」 又曰：「射夫既同。」 言徒觿齊同也。 旝亦旃也，音古會反。 左傳曰：「旝動而鼓。」 摻音所金反，與「森」字同。
The Lesser Ya sings: ‘Our chariots are trim.’ It adds: ‘Our bowmen move as one.’ Meaning the attendants’ toggles match rank on rank. Kuai equals felt banners—fanqie gu-hui. The Zuo Zhuan drums when the commander’s kuai lifts. Shen (suo-jin) matches the character sen ‘dense.’
55
注[五]野場謂除其草萊，令得驅馳也。 左傳曰：「天子六軍。」 鑈良，馬之善者。
Commentary: ‘wild arena’ means scythed ground fit for the chase. The Zuo Zhuan says: "The Son of Heaven has six hosts." ‘Nie liang’ glosses as keen mounts.
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注[六]周禮曰：「司徒若將有軍旅、會同，田役之戒，則受法於司馬，以作其觿。」 又曰：「司馬狩田，以旌為左右和之門。 前後有屯，百步有司，巡其前後。」 鄭注云：「正其士之行列。」 詩小雅曰：「我車既攻，我馬既同。」 毛萇注曰：「攻，堅也。 同，齊也。 戎事齊力，尚強也。 田獵齊足，尚疾也。」
Note [6] The Zhou li says: "If the Minister of Education is about to have hosts campaign, assemble, hunt, or labor, he receives law from the Minister of War and forms his belt-hooks." It also says: "When the Minister of War hunts, he takes standards as the gates of left and right harmony. Van and rear camps anchor the line; officers pace every hundred paces." Zheng Xuan: "straighten each file." The ode repeats: ‘Our cars are tight; our teams move as one.’ Mao Chang’s commentary says: "Gong means firm. tong as ‘aligned.’ In war you prize united muscle; in the hunt you prize matched hooves for speed.”
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注[七]咎鼓，大鼓也，音公刀反。 周禮：「□鼓長尋有四尺。」
The ‘fault’ drum is the great drum—fanqie gong-dao. The Rites record the royal drum’s length though the first graph is lost.
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注[八]嫿音呼獲反，並奔馳貌。
Hua (fanqie huo-huo) paints horses at full gallop.
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注[九]糝音苦蓋反，訇音火宏反，並聲也。 滃音烏董反。
Shen and hong gloss hoof-thunder—fanqie ku-gai and huo-hong. Weng: fanqie wu-dong.
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注[一０]僄狡，勇捷。 僄音匹妙反。
Commentary: piao jiao marks daring agility. Piao: fanqie pi-miao.
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注[一一]絹，系也，與罥通，音工犬反。 猑縞，野馬也。 爾雅曰：「猑縞跰，善升甗。」 猑音昆。 鏦猶撞也。 楊雄方言曰：「吳楚之閒，或謂矛為鏦。」 音楚江反。 韓詩齊風曰：「並驅從兩肩兮。」 薛君傳曰：「獸三歲曰肩。」 脰，頸也，謂中其頸也。 脰音豆。 完羝，野羊也。 臣賢案：字書作「羦」，音戶官反，與「完」通。 梏，諸家並古酷反。 案字書「梏」從「手」，即古文「攪」字，謂攪擾也。
Juan ties like a snare—same word family as juan guan. Kun gao names steppe ponies. The Er ya says: "Kun gao pian are good at scaling yan." Read kun as in ‘kunlun.’ Cong means to spear or strike. Yang Xiong’s Fang yan says: "Between Wu and Chu some call the spear cong." Fanqie chu-jiang. Han Ying’s Qi ode runs ‘pair-chasing the three-year boars.’ Xue Han: a boar in its third year is a ‘shoulder.’ Dou is the throat—here a neck shot. Dou as in ‘bean.’ Wan di is the wild billy-goat. Your servant Xian notes: the character guides write ‘yuan,’ pronunciation hu-guan fan, interchangeable with ‘wan.’ Gu receives gu-ku fan everywhere. The Shuowen’s gu with hand radical is archaic ‘disturb’—not fetters.
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注[一二]鋋，矛也，音巿延反。 周禮曰：「王弓以授射甲革、椹質者。」 鄭注云：「質，正也。」 正音征。 扔音人證反。 聲類曰：「扔，摧也。」 言為輪所摧也。 梧，支梧也，音悟。 謂支著車也。 羆，車軸頭也，音衛，謂車軸□而殺之。
Chuan names light throwing spears—fanqie shi-yan. The Zhou li says: "The king’s bow is given to shoot armor, leather, and pounding-blocks." Zheng glosses zhi as ‘true,’ read zheng like ‘expedition.’ Reng: fanqie ren-zheng. The rhyme-book glosses reng as ‘crush.’ Meaning quarry pinned under chariot wheels. Wu ‘prop’ reads like ‘awaken.’ Beasts wedge against axles to resist. Pi is the axle-cap—lexicons gloss killing strikes at the hub though one graph fails.
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注[一三]祋亦殳也，音丁外反。 顱，額也，音盧。 猭，走也，音丑戀反。 瞥，視也，□韻音疋例反。 殳音殊。
Dui equals the butt-spiked sha—fanqie ding-wai. Lu is crown or brow. Quan is ‘bolt’—fanqie chou-lian. Pie is a sidelong glance—fanqie pi-li where the book breaks. Sha as in ‘special.’
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注[一四]夷由，不行也。 楚詞曰：「君不行兮夷由。」 未殊謂未死。 蝡音而兗反。 說文曰：「動也。」 蟫音似林反，亦動貌也。
Commentary: yiyou means hesitation. The Songs of Chu sighs ‘wavering, you never march.’ ‘Not yet ended’ means still twitching. Ruan: fanqie ru-yan. The Shuowen says: "It moves." Yin (si-lin) likewise paints squirming prey.
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若夫鷙獸□蟲，倨牙黔口，大匈哨後，縕巡歐紆，負隅依阻，莫敢嬰御。 [一]乃使鄭叔、晉婦之徒，睽孤刲刺，裸裎袒裼。 [二]冒□柘，槎棘枳，窮浚谷，底幽嶰，暴斥虎，搏狂兕，獄□熊，抾封狶。 [三]或輕訬趬悍，廋疏嶁領，犯歷嵩巒，陵喬松，履修樠，踔攳枝，杪標端，尾蒼蜼，掎玄譸，木產盡，寓屬單。 [四]罕罔合部，□弋同曲，類行並驅，星布麗屬，曹伍相保，各有分局。 [五]矰碆飛流，纖羅絡縸，游雉腢驚，晨鳧輩作，翬然雲起，霅爾雹落。 [六]
When taloned birds and nameless crawlers bare black muzzles, swell chests, whistle hindquarters, and coil in defensible rocks, none dare close. [1] Then professionals like Zheng Shu and the Jin huntress—solitary killers in half-clad combat. [2] They ram mulberry brakes, tear jujube thickets, sound dark ravines, leap misted canyons—wrestling tigers, rhinos, bears where text fails, grappling giant swine. [3] Lithe runners skip shale ribs, scale Song summits, swing pine branches, race gibbons through the canopy till every arboreal beast is spent. [4] Mesh rare nets with corded squads, bend bows in concert, advance like constellations, and keep each platoon in its lane. [5] Line sinkers and whistling bolts fly; mesh nets quilt the sky—pheasants flare, teal thunder upward like driven cloud, then strikers rain like hail. [6] The manuscript marks citation six without further verse—a lacuna in the received Guangcheng text.
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注[一]爾雅曰：「駁如馬，倨牙食虎豹。」 黔，黑也。 周禮考工記曰：「大匈，耀後，有力而不能走。」 鄭玄注曰：「耀，讀曰哨。」 哨，小也，音稍。 縕巡，並行貌也。 縕音於粉反。 孟子曰：「有觿逐虎，虎負隅，莫之敢攖。」 攖，迫也。 御，扞也。
Note [1] The Er ya says: "Bo looks like a horse, with upturned fangs—it eats tigers and leopards." Qian glosses as jet black. The Zhou li Record of Artificers says: "Great chest, gleaming rear—strong yet cannot run." Zheng Xuan's commentary says: "Yao is read as shao." Shao means ‘petite,’ read shao. Yun xun paints paired pacing. Yun: fanqie yu-fen. Mencius says: "There was Tong who chased tigers; the tiger leaned on its corner—none dared press it." Ying means ‘press’ or harry. Yu is to block or parry.
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注[二]鄭叔，鄭莊公弟太叔段也，詩鄭風曰：「太叔於田，乘乘馬，襢裼暴虎，獻於公所。」 孟子曰：「晉人有馮婦者，善搏虎，攘臂下車，觿皆悅之。」 睽，離也。 孤，獨也。 謂挺身刺獸。 刲亦刺也，音苦圭反。 爾雅曰：「袒裼，肉袒也。」 孟子曰：「袒裼裸裎於我側。」 說文曰：「裎，* (袒) **[裸]*也。」 其字從「衣」。
Note [2] Zheng Shu is Duke Zhuang of Zheng's younger brother Duan of Taishu; the Zheng airs say: "Lord Taishu goes hunting—rides paired horses, strips bare and storms the tiger, presents it at the duke's place." Mencius says: "There was a Jin man, Feng Fu, good at grappling tigers—he rolled up sleeves and leapt from his chariot; all the belt-hook men cheered." Kui means operating alone. Gu stresses solitary daring. The phrase describes lone hunters thrusting home. Kui ‘stab’ uses fanqie ku-gui. The Er ya says: "Tan xi means baring the torso." Mencius says: "Tan xi and luo cheng beside me." The Shuowen says: "Cheng means tan the variant graph tan, meaning complete nakedness.” Its character follows 'garment.'"
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注[三]爾雅曰：「□，山桑也。」 音一染反。 槎，斫也，音仕雅反。 嶰謂山澗也。 蒼頡篇曰「斥，大也」。 □亦狂也，音吉曳反。 說文曰：「兕，似野牛而青色。」 抾音劫，古字通。 封，大也。 狶，質也，虛起反。
Note [3] The Er ya says: "… is mountain mulberry (graph missing in text)." Fanqie yi-ran. Cha means slash—fanqie shi-ya. Xie names misted mountain defiles. The primer glosses chi as ‘great.’ The missing graph denotes frenzy—fanqie ji-ye. The Shuowen says: "Si resembles a wild ox but blue-green." Qu reads jie—ancient variants coincide. Feng glosses as huge. Xi names giant swine—fanqie xu-qi.
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注[四]訬，輕捷也，音初稍反。 趬音丘昭反。 說文曰：「趬，行輕貌。」 廋疏猶搜索也。 廋音所由反。 字林曰：「婁，山顛也」，音力於反。 爾雅曰：「山大而高曰嵩，山小而高銳曰巒。」 樠音莫寒反。 踔，跳也，音□教反。 攳音尋，謂長枝也。 杪音亡小反，標音必遙反，並木末也。 蜼音以□反。 爾雅曰：「蜼，卬鼻而長尾。」 郭璞注曰：「似獮猴而大，黃黑色，尾長數尺，末有兩歧，雨則自懸於樹，以尾塞鼻。」 零陵、南康人呼之音「余」，建平人呼之音「相贈遺」之「遺」也，又音余救反，皆土俗輕重不同耳。 掎音居蟻反。 說文曰：「偏引一足也。」 木產謂巢棲之類也。 寓屬謂穴居之屬也。
Commentary: chao marks airy speed. Qiao: fanqie qiu-zhao. The Shuowen says: "Qiao is the appearance of light gait." Sou shu equals reconnoitering. Sou: fanqie suo-you. The Lin yuan zi says: "Lou means mountain crest"; pronunciation li-yu fan. The Er ya says: "A mountain large and high is called song; a mountain small but high and sharp is called luan." Man: fanqie mo-han. Chuo means vault—the fanqie is partly lost. Xun marks whip-long branches. Miao and biao both gloss twig ends. Dialects preserve only fragments of wei’s fanqie. The Er ya says: "Wei—upturned nose and long tail." Guo Pu's commentary says: "It resembles a large macaque, yellow-black; its tail is several chi; the tip forks; in rain it hangs from trees and plugs its nose with the tail." Lingling and Nankang people pronounce it 'yu'; Jianping people pronounce it like the 'yi' in 'mutual gifts'; also read yu-jiu fan—all are local light-heavy shifts. Ji: fanqie ju-yi. The Shuowen says: "To hook sideways with one foot." ‘Wood-born’ lists canopy dwellers. ‘Lodging kinds’ covers burrowers.
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注[五]罕亦網也。 相如上林賦曰：「載雲罕。」 續漢志曰：「將軍有部，部下有曲。」 □，魚網也，音增。 弋，繳射也。 分音扶問反。
Commentary: han equals drag-net. Xiang Ru's 'Shanglin fu' says: "Bear cloud-han." The Xu Han zhi says: "Generals have divisions; under divisions are companies." The lacunar graph names seine nets—read zeng. Yi stands for arrow-with-string retrieval. Fen: fanqie fu-wen.
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注[六]矰，弋矢也。 碆與磻同，音補何反，又補佐反。 說文曰：「以石著隿繳也。」 絡縸，張羅貌也。 縸與幕通。 翬，飛也，音揮。 霅音素洽反。 廣雅曰：「霅，雨也。」 言鳥中繳如雹之落。
Commentary: zeng marks whistling quarrels. Bo equals stone sinker pan—fanqie bu-he or bu-zuo. The Shuowen says: "Attach stone to yi rope." Luo mo paints nets stretched curtain-wide. Mo parallels mu ‘awning.’ Hui reads like ‘waving.’ Sha: fanqie su-qia. The Guang ya says: "Sha means rain." Birds struck by yi bolts drop like hailstones.
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爾乃□觀高蹈，改乘回轅，泝恢方，撫馮夷，策句芒，超荒忽，出重陽，厲雲漢，橫天潢。 [一]導鬼區，逕神場，詔靈保，召方相，驅厲疫，走蜮祥。 [二]捎罔兩，拂游光，枷天狗，增墳羊。 [三]然後緩節舒容，裴回安步，降集波□，川衡澤虞，矢魚陳罟。 [四]茲飛、宿沙，田開、古蠱，[五]翬終葵，揚關斧，刊重冰，撥蟄戶，測潛鱗，踵介旅。 [六]逆獵湍瀨，渀薄汾橈，淪滅潭淵，左挈夔龍，右提蛟鼉，春獻王鮪，夏薦□黿。 [七]於是流覽□照，殫變極態，上下究竟，山谷蕭條，原野嵺愀，上無飛鳥，下無走獸，虞人植旍，獵者□具，車弊田罷，旋入禁囿。 [八]棲□乎昭明之觀，休息乎高光之榭，以臨乎宏池。 [九]鎮以瑤台，純以金堤，樹以蒱柳，被以綠莎，瀇瀁沆漭，錯紾盤委，天地虹洞，固無端涯，大明生東，月朔西陂。 [一０]乃命壺涿，驅水蠱，逐罔、螭，滅短狐，簎鯨、鯢。 [一一]然後方余皇，連舼舟，張雲帆，施蜺幬，靡颸風，陵迅流，發棹歌，縱水謳，淫魚出，蓍蔡浮，湘靈下，漢女游。 [一二]水禽鴻鵠，鴛鴦、鷗、鷖，鶬鴰、鸕、鷁，鷺、鴈、鷿□，乃安斯寢，戢翮其涯。 [一三]魴、鱮、釬、□，鰋、鯉、鱨、魦，樂我純德，騰踴相隨，雖靈沼之白鳥，孟津之躍魚，方斯蔑矣。 [一四]然猶詠歌於伶蕭，載陳於方策，豈不哀哉！ [一五]注[一]□，遠也，音名小反。 田獵既罷，故改乘回轅也。 左傳曰：「改乘轅而北之。」 泝，上也。 恢，大也。 馮夷，河伯也。 句芒，東方之神也。 荒忽，幽遠也。 重陽，天也。 雲漢，天河也。 天潢，星也。
Then the hunt pivots—chariots wheel, oarsmen invoke river gods, leap liminal mists, pierce heaven’s ninth layer, breast the Milky Way, ford the celestial pier. [1] They chart ghost districts, pace ritual fields, conjure shamans, parade exorcists, scourge epidemics, banish river sprites. [2] They whip marsh demons, net will-o’-wisps, leash meteor dogs, heap graveyard omens. [3] Pageantry slows—boats beach at broken graphemes while marsh officers net fish. [4] Legendary divers and ancient ichthyists swing axes, split ice, probe pools, trail scaled hosts. [6] They strike rapids, churn oars, dredge pools, wrestle flood-dragons, drag river saurians, tabulate seasonal tribute fish. [7] The hosts scour hill and dale bare—only banners and spent gear remain before re-entering the imperial preserve. [8] They lodge at the Bright View tower, nap on the High Balustrade, overlook the mirror lake. [9] Jade terraces and golden levees rim reed banks—waters swell boundlessly while sun climbs east and moon trims west. [10] Sorcerers scour shoals—drive flood bugs, net river bogeys, harpoon leviathans. [11] Pleasure craft unfurl silk sails on breezes—fish leap, omens rise, river goddesses drift aboard. [12] Every manner of waterbird folds wings on the berm. [13] Fish schools surge toward virtue—more vivid than Zhou omens of white birds or leaping prey. [14] Yet chroniclers still hymn them—Ma Rong’s lament rings. [15] Commentary glosses ‘far gaze’ though the head graph fails. After the battue the cortège swaps escort. The Zuo Zhuan says: "Change the chariot yoke-bar and head north." Su means row upstream. Hui glosses as vast. Ping Yi is the Yellow River god. Gou Mang rules spring wood. Huang hu sketches misted distance. ‘Double yang’ names the empyrean. Yun Han is the Milky Way. The Celestial Ford asterism bridges heaven.
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注[二]靈保，神巫也。 楚辭九歌曰「思靈保兮賢姱」。 周禮：「方相氏掌執戈揚楯，帥百隸以驅疫。」 洪範五行傳曰：「蜮，射人，生於南越，謂之短狐。」 詩蟲魚疏曰「一名射景，如□三足，今俗謂之水弩」也。
Commentary: ling bao denotes chief conjuror. The Nine Songs idolizes Ling Bao’s grace. Zhou li: "The Squad-Facing clan grasps spear and shield, leads the hundred thralls to drive plague." The Hong fan Five Elements commentary says: "Yi shoots men; born in Southern Yue they call it short fox." The Poetry insects-and-fish commentary says "Also called shooting reflection; like … three legs; folk today call it water crossbow."
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注[三]捎音所交反。 鄭玄注周禮曰「捎，除也」。 國語曰：「木石之怪曰夔、罔兩。」 游光，神也，兄弟八人。 天狗，星名也。 春秋元命包曰：「天狗主守財。」 增，系也，音息列反。 墳羊，土之怪，其形似羊。 見家語。
Shao in this sense uses fanqie suo-jiao. Zheng Xuan's commentary on Zhou li says "Shao means remove." The Guoyu says: "Wood-and-stone monsters are called Kui and Wangliang." Youguang spirits ride eight siblings. The Sky Dog is an asterism. The Spring and Autumn Yuanming bao says: "The Sky Dog spirit guards treasure." Zeng reads xi-lie fan and means ‘bind.’ The fen-yang earth bogey looks ovine. See the School Sayings of Confucius.
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注[四]波□，池□也。 前書音義曰：「□，在池中作室，可用棲鳥，入則捕之。」 又曰「折竹以繩綿連，禁御使人不得往來」也。 周禮「川衡，掌川澤之禁令。 澤虞，掌國澤之政令」也。 左傳曰：「魯隱公矢魚於棠。」 矢亦陳也。 國語曰：「魯宣公夏濫□於泗川，裡革斷其□而□之，曰：『古者大寒降，水虞於是登川禽而嘗之於廟，行諸國助宣氣也。 今魚方孕，又行□，貪無蓺也。』 公曰：『吾之過也。』」 □音圉。
Commentary glosses the lacunar pool term though characters fail. The Former Han pronunciation gloss says: "… builds chambers in pools where birds may roost—men enter to net them." It also says "Split bamboo and rope them into floats—guards watch so none may pass." Zhou li: "River marshals supervise bans on rivers and marshes. Marsh wardens police wetland decrees.” The Zuo Zhuan says: "Duke Yin of Lu displayed fish at Tang." Here shi means ‘display.’ The Discourses tell how counselor Li Ge rebuked Duke Xuan’s summer seine on the Si—citing ancient midwinter sacrifices of river fowl. Today fry fill the streams yet you drag nets—sheer greed. The duke admits fault." The damaged graph sounds yu.
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注[五]音冶。
Read ye like ‘smelt.’
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注[六]茲飛即佽飛也。 呂氏春秋曰：「荊人佽飛，涉江中流，兩蛟繞其船。 佽飛拔□赴江，刺蛟殺之。」 魯連子曰：「古善漁者宿沙渠子，使漁山側，雖十宿沙子不得魚焉。 宿沙非暗於漁道也，彼山者非魚之所生也。」 晏子春秋曰：「公孫捷、田開強、古冶子事景公以勇，晏子勸景公饋之二桃，曰：『計功而食之。』 公孫捷*[曰：『捷]*持楯而再搏乳虎，若捷之功，可以食桃。』 田開強曰：『吾仗兵而御三軍者再，可以食桃。』 古冶子曰：『吾嘗濟河，黿銜左驂以入砥柱之流，吾逆而百步，順流九里，得黿頭，鶴躍而出，可以食桃矣。』 二子皆反其桃，契領而死。 古冶子曰：『二子死之，吾獨生，不仁。』 亦契領而死。」 「蠱」與「冶」通。 翬亦揮也。 廣雅曰：「終葵，椎也。」 關斧，斧名也。 刊，除也。 踵猶尋也。 介謂鱗蟲之屬也。 旅，觿也。
Commentary equates zi fei with the diver title ci fei. The Lüshi chunqiu says: "A man of Jing, Ci Fei, crossed the river midstream; two jiao encircled his boat. Ci Fei plunged blade-first and slew both beasts." The Lu Lianzi says: "The ancient master fisherman Suosha Quzi sent fishers mountain-side—though Suosha stayed ten nights they caught none. Skill mattered less than habitat." Yan Ying’s tale pits three braves against two peaches. Gongsun boasts shield work against tiger cubs. Tian claims martial command twice over. Gu recounts diving the rapids to kill a river monster. Two warriors yield the peaches and fall on their swords. Gu refuses to survive alone. He joins them in death." ‘Gu’ interchanges with ‘ye.’ Hui equals ‘wave.’ The Guang ya says: "Zhong kui is a mallet." ‘Frontier axe’ names a halberd pattern. Kan means cut away ice. Zhong means trace downstream. Jie covers scaled schools. Lü denotes cohorts.
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注[七]渀音蒲艮反； 橈，奴教反：並入水魍也。 淪滅謂沒於水中也。 鼉音□。 鮪、鱣屬也，大者為王鮪，小者為叔鮪。 禮記「季春之月，天子始乘舟，薦鮪於寢廟。 季夏之月，令漁師取黿」也。
Ben uses fanqie pu-gen; rao uses nu-jiao—both gloss diving strokes. ‘Sink extinct’ means submerged. The crocodile graph lacks a clear fanqie here. Sturgeon tier king versus lesser ‘uncle’ fish. The Record of Rites: "Late spring month—the Son of Heaven first boards boats and presents sturgeon at the bedchamber temple. Summer edicts harvest river turtles.”
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注[八]流覽謂周流觀覽也。 周禮曰：「植虞旌以屬禽。」 鄭注曰：「植猶樹也。 田上樹旗，令獲者皆致其禽也。」 又曰：「車弊獻禽以享礿。」 注曰：「車弊，車止也。」 嵺音力救反，愀音七救反，亦蕭條魍也。
Commentary: liu lan is sweeping reconnaissance. The Zhou li says: "Plant warden pennons to gather quarry." Zheng’s commentary says: "Plant is like set tree. Field pennons gather every hunter’s bag. It also says: "When chariots halt, present quarry for the yue sacrifice." ‘Chariots halt’ simply means the chase ends. Liao and qiao binomes paint barren wastes.
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注[九]宏，大也。
Hong glosses the vast pool.
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注[一０]純，緣也，音之尹反。 蒱亦柳也。 瀇音胡廣反，瀁音養，沆音胡朗反，漭音莽，並水魍也。 錯紾，交結也。 紾音之忍反。 委音於危反。 虹洞，相連也。 虹音胡貢反。 朔，生也。 禮記曰：「大明生於東，月生於西。」 鄭注曰：「大明，日也。」 言池水廣大，日月出於其中也。
Chun means gold-faced dike—fanqie zhi-yin. Pu willows fringe the bank. Four binomes chart rolling flood. Cuo zhen braids currents. Zhen: fanqie zhi-ren. Wei: fanqie yu-wei. Hong dong means seamless horizon. Hong: fanqie hu-gong. Shuo names moonrise. The Record of Rites says: "Great brightness is born in the east; the moon is born in the west." Zheng’s commentary says: "Great brightness is the sun." Ma Rong imagines sun and moon rising from the lake.
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注[一一]周禮：「壺涿氏掌除水蠱。」 涿音丁角反。 蠱音公戶反。 罔謂罔兩也。 螭，龍* (也) **[屬]*。 短狐即蜮也。 簎音七亦反。 說文曰：「刺也。」 周禮：「□人掌以時簎魚□龜蜃。」 鄭觿注云：「簎謂以杖刺泥中搏取之。」
Note [11] Zhou li: "The Hu Zhuo clan drives away water pests." Zhuo: fanqie ding-jue. Gu: fanqie gong-hu. Wang equals marsh sprites. Chi names hornless dragons— text particle ye. —of that ilk.” ‘Short fox’ equals the yi sprite. Ce: fanqie qi-yi. The Shuowen says: "Stab." Zhou li: "… men seasonally spear fish … turtles and clams." Zheng Zhong describes pole-spearing mudfish.”
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注[一二]方猶並也。 余皇，吳之船名也。 見左傳。 舼，小舟也，音渠恭反。 淮南子曰：「越舼、蜀艇，不能無水而浮。」 帆音凡。 幬，帳也，音直由反。 颸，疾風也，音楚疑也。 武帝秋風詞曰：「蕭鼓鳴兮發棹歌。」 劉向列女傳曰：「津更之女，中流奏河激之歌。」 韓詩外傳曰：「瓠巴鼓琴，淫魚出聽。」 淮南子曰：「上有叢蓍，下有伏龜。」 論語曰：「臧文仲居蔡。」 注云：「龜出蔡地，故以為名也。」 湘靈，舜妃，溺於湘水，為湘夫人也。 見楚詞。 漢女，漢水之神*[女]*。 詩云：「漢有游女。」
Fang marks paired hulls. Yuhuang was the great Wu dreadnought. See Zuo’s battle of Huangchi. Qiong skiffs use fanqie qu-gong. The Huainanzi says: "Yue qiong and Shu boats cannot float without water." Fan as in ‘sail.’ Chou is awning—fanqie zhi-you. Si names slick breezes. Liu Che’s lyric opens with drums and boat songs. Liu Xiang records the ferry girl’s river hymn. Han Ying says Hu Ba’s qin charmed leaping fish. The Huainanzi says: "Where clusters of yarrow grow above, turtles lie below." The Analects cites Zang’s sacred tortoise. Commentary says: "The tortoise came from Cai lands—hence the name." Lady Xiang guards the Xiang shallows. See the Songs of Chu. Han Maiden personifies the Han. The Canon sings ‘Han girls at play.’
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注[一三]鴛鴦，匹鳥也。 鷗，白鷗也。 鷖，鳧屬也。 爾雅曰「鶬，麋鴰」。 今謂之鴰鹿也。 鴰音括。 鸕，鸕帚也。 楊孚異物誌云：「能沒於深水，取魚而食之，不生卵而孕雛於池澤閒，既胎而又吐生，多者生八九，少生五六，相連而出，若絲緒焉。 水鳥而巢高樹之上。」 鷁，白鶂也。 鷺，白鷺也。 鷿音步歷反。 □音梯。 楊雄方言曰：「* (白) **[野]*鳧也，甚小，好沒水中，膏可以瑩刀□。」 寢，宿也。 詩曰：「乃安斯寢。」 涯，水濱也。
Commentary: yuanyang mate for life. Ou names silver gulls. Yi covers river teals. The Er ya says "Cang is the elk-goose." Modern folk style it the ‘melon goose.’ Read gua like ‘melon.’ Lu names the cormorant. Yang Fu's Records of Strange Things says: "It can dive deep water, seize fish and eat them; it lays no eggs but bears chicks among pools and marshes—after bearing it vomits them forth; many births yield eight or nine, few five or six; they emerge linked like silk ends. Yet these divers nest high in the canopy.” Yi is the white-fronted goose. Lu denotes snowy egrets. Pi uses fanqie bu-li. The damaged graph sounds ti. The Fang yan opens: the variant bai. The passage refers to tiny wild teal whose fat polishes blades where the manuscript breaks." Qin means roost. The ode sighs ‘they settle softly.’” Ya marks the water’s lip.
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注[一四]鱮音緒，似魴而弱鱗。 釬音徐林反，口在頷下，大者長七八尺。 □音卑連反，魴之類也。 鰋音匽，今鰋額白魚* (鯉) **[也]*。 鱨音嘗，詩蟲魚疏曰「今黃頰魚」也。 魦音沙，或作「鯊」。 郭義恭廣志曰：「吹沙魚，大如指，沙中行。」 詩大雅曰：「王在靈沼，於牣魚躍。」 鄭玄注云：「靈沼之水，魚盈滿其中也，皆以跳躍。」 又曰：「白鳥翯翯。」 翯，肥澤也。 翯音學。 言並得其所也。 尚書中候曰「武王度孟津，白魚躍入於王舟中」也。
Commentary: xu resembles bream with finer scales. Han names chin-mouth catfish—fanqie xu-lin. The lacunar fish equals fanqie bei-lian. Yan names the pale-brow carp— text variant li. same species. Chang is the yellow-jowl fish of river markets.” Sha alternates with the shark graph.” Guo Yigong tracks minnows plowing silt.” The Greater Ya fills Ling pond with leaping fish.” Zheng reads Ling pond as thronged with jumping fish.” Another ode praises plump white fowl.” He glosses glossy plumage. He uses reading xue. Every creature finds its niche. The Middle Documents omens King Wu’s white fish.”
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注[一五]伶，樂官也。 詩國風序曰：「衛之賢者，仕於伶官。」 禮記曰：「文武之道，布在方策。」 又曰：「百名以上，書之於策，不滿百名，書之於方。」 鄭注云：「方，板也。」
Commentary: ling denotes court musicians. The Airs praise worthy Wei musicians.” The Book of Rites archives kings Wen and Wu on bamboo.” The Rites distinguish long scrolls from short tablets.” Zheng glosses bang as plank slips.”
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於是宗廟既享，庖廚既充，車徒既簡，器械既攻。 [一]然後擺牲班禽，淤賜犒功，腢師疊伍，伯校千重，山罍常滿，房俎無空。 [二]酒正案隊，膳夫巡行，清醪車湊，燔炙騎將，鼓駭舉爵，鐘鳴既觴。 [三]若乃陽阿衰斐之晉制，闡□華羽之南音，[四]所以洞蕩匈臆，發明耳目，疏越蘊慉，駭恫底伏，[五]鍠鍠鎗鎗，奏於農郊大路之衢，與百姓樂之。 [六]是以明德曜乎中夏，威靈暢乎四荒，東鄰浮巨海而入享，西旅越□領而來王，南徼因九譯而致貢，朔狄屬象胥而來同。 [七]蓋安不忘危，治不忘亂，道在乎茲，斯固帝王之所以曜神武而折遐沖者也。 [九]注[一]禮記曰：「天子歲三田。 一為干豆，二為賓客，三為充君之庖。」
Temples fed, larders packed, hosts trimmed, arms whetted— [1] Victims fan out, quarry ranks, wine saturates merit—stacked cohorts, thousandfold captains, mountain urns brimming, sacrifice boards laden. [2] Intoxicants roll by cart, chefs patrol ranks—clear ale foams, skewers ride courier mounts—drums thunder with each toast. [3] Jin's Yang'e airs and lacunar southern dances purge the breast, wake ear and eye, scatter pent cares—bells and drums clang along the highroad where commons throng. [6] Virtue radiates inward while spirits reach beyond seas—eastern islands sail to sacrifice, western tribes ford unnamed ridges, southern tongues chain nine relays, northern herds attach translators. [7] Peace remembers danger—such is the Way kings wield spirit arms and blunt distant blades. [9] Note [1] The Record of Rites says: "The Son of Heaven hunts thrice yearly. First rites, second guests, third royal board.”
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注[二]廣雅曰：「捭，開也。」 字書：「擺亦捭字也，音捕買反。」 班固西都賦曰：「置互擺牲。」 班，布也。 淤與飫同。 左傳曰：「加軹則飫賜。」 犒，勞也。 山罍，畫為山文。 禮記曰：「山罍，夏後氏之樽也。」 又曰：「周以房俎。」 鄭玄注云：「房謂足下跗也，有似於堂房矣。」
The Guang ya glosses bai as spread.” Lexicons equate bai with bu-mai fan.” Ban Gu spreads victims on stands.” Ban means array. Yu equals feasting surfeit. The Zuo Zhuan couples gifts with feasting.” Kao rewards labor. Mountain urns bear peak motifs. The Rites attribute mountain cups to Xia.” Zhou prefers chamber-style trays.” Zheng likens tray feet to side rooms.”
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注[三]周禮「酒正，中士，辯五齊之名，三酒之物。 膳夫，上士，掌王之食飲膳羞」。 說文曰：「醪，汁滓酒也。」 大雅曰：「或燔或炙。」 將，行也。 既，盡也。 流俗本「爵」字作「爝」，「既」字作「暨」，皆誤也。
Note [3] Zhou li "Wine steward, upper officer—distinguishes five mashes' names, three wines' materials. Head cooks oversee royal fare.” The Shuowen defines lao as unstrained ale.” The ode pairs roasting and broiling.” Jiang marks riders advancing skewers. Ji indicates drained cups. Popular copies corrupt cup and ji graphs.”
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注[四]淮南子曰：「歌採菱，發陽阿。」 禮記曰：「嘽諧慢易之音作而人康樂。」 鶡冠子曰； 「南方萬物華羽焉，故以調羽也。」
Huainan pairs harvest songs with Yang'e dance.” The Rites tie mellow music to popular joy.” The Pheasant-Cap Master adds: ‘Southern luxuriance trains reed pipes.’”
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注[五]越，散也。 蘊慉猶積聚也。 慉與畜通。 恫音洞。 底伏猶滯伏也。 呂氏春秋曰：「昔陰康氏之始，陰多滯伏湛積，故作為舞以宣導之。」 此言作樂，亦以疏散滯伏之象。
Yue means ventilate. Yun xu stacks pent cares. Xu parallels stored grain. Tong rhymes with ‘cave.’ Di fu names suppressed dread. Lü Buwei credits dance with draining stagnant qi.” Music likewise disperses bottled fear.
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注[六]鍠鍠鎗鎗，鐘鼓之聲也。 鍠音撗。 鎗音測庚反。 孟子謂齊*[宣]*王曰：「今王與百姓同其樂則王矣。」 農郊，田野也。
Commentary: these onomatopoeia ring bronze. Huang as in ‘bright.’ Qiang: fanqie ce-geng. Mencius tells Qi’s king that shared joy wins the realm.” ‘Farm outskirts’ means upland commons.
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注[七]入享謂來助祭也。 孔安國注尚書曰：「西旅，西戎遠國也。」 □嶺，西域山也。 西河舊事曰：「嶺上多□，因以名焉。」 徼，塞之道也。 九譯為九重譯語而通中國也。 尚書大傳曰：「周成王時，越裳氏重九譯而貢白雉。」 朔狄，北狄也。 周禮：「象胥掌蠻、夷、戎、翟之國，使傳王之言而諭說焉，以和親之。」
Commentary: ru xiang marks tributary audiences. Kong Anguo places Western Host beyond Longxi.” Commentary names a Pamir pass though characters fail. Local lore ties the pass name to cliff goats.” Jiao marks frontier tracks. Nine relays bridge distant grammar. The Shangshu dazhuan says: "In the time of King Cheng of Zhou, the Yueshang clan came through nine layers of translation and presented white pheasants as tribute." Shuo Di labels northern herdsmen. The Rites assign interpreters to four barbarians.”
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鄭注云：「通夷狄之言者曰象胥，其有才智者也。 此類之本名，東方曰寄，南方曰象，西方曰狄鞮，北方曰譯。 此官正為象者，周始有南越重譯來貢獻，是以名通言語之官為象胥。」 胥音諝。
Zheng's commentary says: "Those who penetrate barbarian speech are called interpreters—the talented among them. Each quarter names translators differently. Zhou coined xiang when Yue relays arrived.” Xu reads like ‘counsel.’
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注[八]晏子春秋曰：「晉平公欲攻齊，使范昭觀焉。 景公觴之。 范昭曰：『願請君之□酌。』 景公曰：『諾。』 范昭已飲，晏子命徹尊更之。 范昭歸，以報晉平公曰：『齊未可伐也，吾欲籩其君而晏子知之。』 仲尼聞之曰：『起於尊俎之閒，而折衝千里之外。』」 方今大漢收功於道德之林，致獲於仁義之淵，忽搜狩之禮，闕盤虞之佃。 [一]闇昧不鶯日月之光，聾昏不聞雷霆之震，於今十二年，為日久矣。 亦方將刊禁台之秘藏，發天府之官常，由質要之故業，率典刑之舊章。 [二]采清原，嘉岐陽，登俊桀，命賢良，舉淹滯，拔幽荒。 [三]察淫侈之華譽，顧介特之實功，聘畎畝之腢雅，宗重淵之潛龍。 [四]乃儲精山藪，歷思河澤，目□鼎俎，耳聽康衢，營傅說於胥靡，求伊尹於庖廚，索膠鬲於魚鹽，聽□戚於大車。 [五]俾之昌言而宏議，軼越三家，馳騁五帝，悉覽休祥，總括腢瑞。 [六]遂棲鳳皇於高梧，宿麒麟於西園，納僬僥之珍羽，受王母之白環。 [七]永逍搖乎宇內，與二儀乎無疆，貳造化於后土，參神施於昊干，超特達而無儔，煥巍巍而無原。 [八]豐千億之子孫，歷萬載而永延。 [九]禮樂既闋，北轅反□，至自新城，背伊闕，反洛京。 [一０]注[一]盤，樂也。 虞與娛同。
Note [8] The Yanzi chunqiu says: "Duke Ping of Jin wished to attack Qi and sent Fan Zhao to observe. Qi’s duke hosts Fan Zhao. Fan demands the ruler’s goblet.” The duke agrees.” Yan Ying swaps the ritual cup. Fan admits Yanzi read every insult.” Confucius praises diplomacy at the banquet.” Ma Rong contrasts Han moral triumph with neglected martial drills. [1] Twelve years without royal hunts blind and deafen the realm to Heaven’s majesty. Next the king would unlock palace archives, harmonize statutes with ancient deeds, and revive exemplary law. [2] He would tour Qingyuan’s precedent, honor Qi-yang’s hunt, lift genius from neglect. [3] Screen flashy reputations, prize solitary merit, call poets from the plow and sages from deep water. [4] Like kings who fetched Yi Yin and Fu Yue—Ma Rong lists every motif though lacunas bite. [5] Court poets would outshine the classics and tally every omen. [6] Omens pile—phoenix, qilin, pygmies’ feathers, Queen Mother’s ring. [7] The Son of Heaven would harmonize heaven and earth without rival. [8] Bless lineage beyond counting and years without end. [9] Court wheels north from the hunt at Xincheng back through Yi Pass to the capital. Commentary: pan names the royal chase. Yu equals royal sport.
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注[二]周禮八法，四曰官常，以聽官理。 天府掌祖廟之守藏，與其禁令，察腢吏之理。 左傳云：「晉趙盾為國，政由質要。」 杜預注曰：「由，用也。 質要，契券也。」 刊音苦寒反。
The fourth of eight statutes fixes bureaucratic routine. Heaven’s vault watches imperial seals and clerks. The Zuo Zhuan states: "When Zhao Dun of Jin governed the state, policy followed bond contracts." Du Yu's commentary says: "You means employ. Zhi yao names bronze contracts." Kan uses fanqie ku-han.
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注[三]清原，地在河東聞喜縣北。 左傳曰：「晉搜於清原，作五軍。」 又楚椒舉曰：「周武有孟津之誓，成有岐陽之搜。」 禮記月令：「孟夏，命太尉贊傑俊，遂賢良。」 左傳楚平王「詰奸慝，舉淹滯」。 杜預注云：「淹滯，有才德而未□者也。」
Qingyuan sits north of modern Wenxi. Jin’s Qingyuan hunt reorganized five hosts. Chu minister Jiao Ju also said: "King Wu of Zhou swore at Meng Ford; King Cheng held the Qiyang hunt." The Record of Rites monthly ordinance: "Early summer—the Grand Marshal praises outstanding men and advances worthy good." Chu’s reform dredged buried ability. Du defines ‘submerged’ cadres blocked from office.”
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注[四]華譽，虛譽也。 介特謂孤介特立也。 畎畝謂隱於隴畝之中也。 司馬相如上林賦曰：「掩腢雅。」 音義云：「謂大雅、小雅之人也。」 潛龍，喻賢人隱也。
Commentary: flashy praise deceives. Jie te marks lone integrity. Quan mu hides talent under clods. Sima Xiangru's 'Shanglin fu' says "Cover rustic ode-makers." Sound gloss says: "It means makers of Greater and Lesser Ya." ‘Hidden dragon’ sketches recluse sages.
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注[五]□，視也，音所解反。 鼎俎謂伊尹負鼎以干湯也。 墨子曰：「湯舉伊尹於庖廚之中。」 康衢謂寧戚也。 說苑曰：「寧戚飯牛於康衢，擊車輻而歌碩鼠。」 傅說代胥靡刑人築於傅巖之野，高宗夢得之。 孟子曰「膠鬲舉於魚鹽」也。
The damaged verb reads suo-jie fan. Tripods evoke Yi Yin’s kitchen plea. Mozi records Yi Yin’s ascent from hearth. ‘Kang avenue’ names cowherd Ning Qi. The Shuoyuan says: "Ning Qi fed oxen at Kang avenue—beat wagon spokes singing ‘Great Rat.’" Fu Yue rose from mortar gangs. Mencius cites Jiao Ge’s salty stall.
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注[六]俾，使也。 昌，當也。 宏，大也。 前書楊雄曰：「宏言崇議。」 軼，過也。 三家，三皇也。
Bi equals ‘send forth.’ Chang marks fitting speech. Hong magnifies counsel. The Former Han cites Yang Xiong: "Lofty words and towering counsels." Yi means outrun. ‘Three houses’ names the Three August Ones.
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注[七]韓詩外傳曰：「黃帝時鳳皇止帝東園，集帝梧桐，食帝竹實。」 尚書中侯曰：「黃帝時麒麟在園。」 帝王紀曰「堯時憔僥氏來貢沒羽。 西王母慕舜之德，來獻白環」也。
Note [7] Han shi waizhuan says: "Under Yellow Emperor phoenix alighted east garden—perched on imperial paulownia, ate imperial bamboo seeds." Shang shu zhong hou says: "Under Yellow Emperor qilin rested in park." Imperial Genealogy says "Under Yao the Jiaoyao clan tribute feather gauze. The queen mother’s ring praised Shun.”
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注[八]論語孔子曰：「堯之為君，煥乎其有文章，巍巍乎其有成功。」
Confucius hymns Yao’s luminous wen.
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注[九]詩大雅曰「天錫百祿，子孫千億」也。
Note [9] Greater Ya says "Heaven grants hundred blessings—heirs by billions."
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注[一０]闋，止也，音苦穴反。 新城，縣，屬河南郡，今伊闕縣。
Que marks cessation—fanqie ku-xue. Li Xian maps Xincheng to modern Yique.
105
頌奏，忤鄧氏，滯於東觀，十年不得調。 因兄子喪自劾歸。 [一]太后聞之怒，謂融羞薄詔除，欲仕州郡，遂令禁錮之。 [二]注[一]融集雲，時兄伉子在融捨物故，融因是自劾而歸。
The Guangcheng praise trapped Ma Rong at the archives. Nephew’s death drew his resignation. [1] Empress Deng barred him for snubbing central posts. His papers cite nephew Kang’s death at his house.
106
注[二]融集雲，時左將奏融* (道) **[遭]*兄子喪，自劾而歸，離署當免官。 制曰：「融典校秘書，不推忠盡節，而羞薄詔除，希望欲仕州郡，免官勿罪。」 禁錮六年矣。
The dossier notes Left General’s memorial— graph dao. —mourning his nephew and quitting post. Edict said: "Rong collated secret archives without exhausting loyalty—instead slighted edict appointment wishing prefect office—dismiss without punishment." The blacklist lasted six years.
107
陽嘉二年，詔舉敦樸，城門校尉岑起舉融，征詣公車，對策，拜議郎。 [一]大將軍梁商表為從事中郎，轉武都太守。 時西羌反叛，征西將軍馬賢與護羌校尉胡疇征之，而稽久不進。 融知其將敗，上疏乞自□，曰：「今雜種諸羌轉相鈔盜，宜及其未並，亟遣深入，破其支黨，而馬賢等處處留滯。 羌胡百里望塵，千里聽聲，今逃匿避回，漏出其後，則必侵寇三輔，為民大害。 臣願請賢所不可用關東兵五千，裁假部隊之號，盡力率厲，埋根行首，以先吏士，[二]三旬之中，必克破之。 臣少習學蓺，不更武職，猥陳此言，必受誣罔之辜。 昔毛遂廝養，為觿所蚩，終以一言，克定從要。 [三]臣懼賢等專守一城，言攻於西而羌出於東，且其將士必有高克潰叛之變。」 [四]朝廷不能用。 又陳：「星孛參、畢，參西方之宿，畢為邊兵，至於分野，并州是也。 [五]西戎北狄，殆將起乎！ 宜備二方。」 尋而隴西羌反，烏桓寇上郡，皆卒如融言。 注[一]續漢書曰，融對策於北宮端門。
133 CE rehabilitation brought him back as consultant. [1] Liang Shang made him staff aide then frontier governor. Qiang revolt stalled Ma Xian’s column. Rong knew they would fail—petitioned begging personal commission saying: "Today mixed Qiang tribes raid each other—strike before they unite—yet Ma Xian everywhere lingers. Delay lets riders envelop Sanfu. He pledged thirty-day victory with scratch troops. He admits civilian cheek inviting calumny. He cites Mao Sui’s single speech saving Zhao. [3] He warns western fixation invites eastern raids like Zheng’s Gao Ke. The throne ignored him. He further submitted: "Comet brushes Shen and Bi—Shen western lodge—Bi border troops—the field allocation is Bingzhou. [5] Portents threaten frontier flare-ups. Garrison both quarters." Events vindicated every warning. Later Han notes place answers.
108
注[二]埋根言不退。
‘Buried roots’ means no withdrawal.
109
注[三]毛遂，趙平原君趙勝客也。 居門下三年。 時平原將與楚合從，以毛遂備二十人數，其十九人相與笑之。 比至楚，毛遂果按□與楚定從，楚立發兵救趙。 事見史記。 廝養，賤人也。
Mao Sui served Zhao Sheng. Three years passed unnoticed. Peers laughed at the twenty-first man. At Chu he sealed covenant despite lacuna. See Sima Qian. ‘Stable boy’ marks bottom rank.
110
注[四]左傳曰，鄭使高克率師次於河上，久而不召，師潰而歸，高克奔陳。
Gao Ke’s idle army fled.
111
注[五]參在申，為晉分，并州之地。
Astro-fields map Shen to Bingzhou.
112
三遷，桓帝時為南郡太守。 先是融有事忤大將軍梁冀旨，冀諷有司奏融在郡貪濁，免官，髡徙朔方。 自刺不殊，得赦還，復拜議郎，重在東觀著述，以病去官。
Under Huan he rose to southern governor. Liang Ji had him exiled north. Survived suicide—returned to compile.
113
融才高博洽，為世通儒，教養諸生，常有千數。 涿郡盧植，北海鄭玄，皆其徒也。 善鼓琴，好吹笛，達生任性，不拘儒者之節。 居宇器服，多存侈飾。 常坐高堂，施絳紗帳，前授生徒，後列女樂，弟子以次相傳，鮮有入其室者。 嘗欲訓左氏春秋，及見賈逵、鄭觿注，乃曰：「賈君精而不博，鄭君博而不精。 既精既博，吾何加焉！」 但著三傳異同說。 注孝經、論語、詩、易、三禮、尚書、列女傳、老子、淮南子、離騷，所著賦、頌、碑、誄、書、記、表、奏、七言、琴歌、對策、遺令，凡二十一篇。
He commanded a thousand disciples. Lu Zhi and Zheng Xuan sat his hall. He played flute yet broke Ru starch. His lodge rang gold. Crimson curtain hid singers behind lecturers. Once wished annotate Zuo Tradition—seeing Jia Kui Zheng Zhong notes—then said: "Jia master refined but not broad—Zheng master broad but not refined. Both perfected—no room to improve." So he wrote collation only. He wrote notes on the Classic of Filial Piety, Analects, Odes, Changes, Three Rites, Shangshu, Traditions of Exemplary Women, Laozi, Huainanzi, and Li sao. His writings included rhapsodies, hymns, stele inscriptions, elegies, letters, records, statements, memorials, seven-character verse, qin songs, examination responses, and final instructions, twenty-one pieces in all.
114
初，融懲於鄧氏，不敢復違忤埶家，遂為梁冀草奏李固，又作大將軍西第頌，以此頗為正直所羞。 年八十八，延熹九年卒於家。 遺令薄葬。 族孫日磾，獻帝時位至太傅。 [一]注[一]三輔決錄註：「日磾字翁叔。」
Cowardice after Deng led him to flatter Liang Ji. He died at eighty-eight in 166 CE. His will demanded humble tomb. Grand-nephew Ma Midi reached grand tutor. Glossary names Midi Wengshu.”
115
論曰：馬融辭命鄧氏，逡巡隴漢之閒，將有意於居貞乎？ [一]既而羞曲士之節，惜不貲之軀，[二]終以奢樂恣性，黨附成譏，固知識能匡欲者鮮矣。 [三]夫事苦，則矜全之情薄； 生厚，故安存之慮深。 [四]登高不懼者，胥靡之人也； [五]坐不垂堂者，千金之子也。 [六]原其大略，歸於所安而已矣。 物我異觀，亦更相笑也。 注[一]隴漢之閒謂客於漢陽時。 易屯卦初九曰：「盤桓利居貞。」
The historian asks whether Ma Rong’s refusal of the Deng clan hid resolve to stay pure. [1–2] Ashamed of penniless pride yet unwilling to die—he sank into luxury and partisan shame—few natures master appetite. [3] Hardship thins caution. Comfort deepens fear of risk. [4] Convicts scale cliffs unafraid. [5] Silk heirs never skim perilous eaves. [6] Everyone settles where they feel safe. Classes mock each other’s fears. Commentary dates wandering to Hanyang exile. Book of Changes Hexagram Tun line one says: "Hesitating—favorable to dwell steadfast."
116
注[二]莊子曰：「曲士不可語於道者，束於教也。」
Note [2] Zhuangzi says: "Petty scholar cannot be told the Way—bound by doctrine."
117
注[三]識，性也。 匡，正也。
Commentary glosses shi as innate disposition. Kuang equals curb.
118
注[四]老子曰：； 「人之輕死者，以其求生。 生之厚也，是以輕死。」
Commentary cites Laozi: "Men rush death chasing life. Comfort breeds contempt for mortality."
119
注[五]前書音義曰：「胥，相也。 靡，隨也。 謂相隨受刑之人也。」 莊子曰：「胥靡登高* (也) *不懼，遺死生也。」 此為矜全之情薄也。
Note [5] Former Han pronunciation gloss says: "Xu means mutually. Mi glosses as attendant. Denotes yoked convicts." Zhuangzi says: "Bond-labor climbs heights particle ye. Without fear—beyond living and dying." Thus desperation dismisses safety.
120
注[六]前書□錯曰：「千金之子，坐不垂堂。」 此為安存之慮深也。
Han Shu quotes Chuo’s proverb on cautious heirs. Luxury breeds dread.
121
校勘記
Textual collation (jiao kan ji).
122
一九五三頁一〇行會羌虜坎起按：「坎」原作「蹲」，逕據汲本改。
Collation: "the cited text → the cited text from Ji woodblock."
123
一九五四頁三行拜為校書郎中「校」原作「挍」，逕據汲本、殿本改。 按：校挍本通作，然各本皆作「校」，且注文亦作「校」，故改。
Page 1954 line 3: "appointed collating gentleman-"the cited text"originally the cited text; emended per Ji and Palace editions." Editions align on the cited text for ‘collate.’
124
一九五四頁七行謝承*[書]*及續漢書「承」原斗「丞」，逕改正。 按：當作「謝承書及續漢書」，謂謝承後漢書及司馬彪續漢書也，今補「書」字。
Fixes the cited text to the cited text for Xie Cheng’s work. Note: should read “Xie Cheng’s Book and Xu Han shu”-supplied the cited text.
125
一九五五頁三行*[勸]*收藏據汲本、殿本補。
Inserts the cited text per woodblocks.
126
一九五五頁三行歡嬉喜樂按：汲本、殿本「嬉」作「欣」。
Page 1955 line 3: the cited text-note: "Ji and Palace write the cited text for the cited text."
127
一九五五頁八行有才不能用按：刊誤謂「才」當作「財」。
Page 1955 line 8: the cited text-note: "Kanwu argues the cited text should be the cited text."
128
一九五六頁三行今王* (頗) *鼓樂於此據刊誤刪，與今本孟子合。
Page break before graph cluster. variant graph po. Deletes stray graphs aligning Mencius.
129
一九五六頁八行詩詠* (囿) **[圃]*草據汲本改，注同。 按：集解引錢大昕說，謂「囿」當從閩本作「圃」。 詩「東有甫草」，鄭氏讀如「圃」。
Ode citation lacuna line. graph you. The Ji edition and its gloss read vegetable-plot instead of park for this word. Note: "Qian Daxin argues the cited text should follow Min edition as the cited text." Zheng Xuan’s phonetic gloss cited.
130
一九五六頁一〇行恢胎曠蕩按：「恢」原作「□」，俗體字，逕改正。 下「營圍恢廓」同。
Page 1956 line 10: the cited text-note: "the cited text was vulgar missing graph-normalized." Below ‘camp perimeter vast’ likewise.
131
一九五六頁一〇行寥豁鬱泱按：「寥」原斗「寒」，逕據汲本、殿本改正。
Page 1956 line 10: the cited text-note: "the cited text misprinted the cited text; corrected per Ji/Palace."
132
一九五六頁一一行左概嵩獄按：王念孫讀書雜誌余編謂「概」當作「枕」，字之誤也。 水經汝水注、太平御覽地部引此，並作「左枕嵩岳」。
Page 1956 line 11: left embracing Song peaks-note: "Wang Niansun reads the cited text as the cited text error." Other sources agree on the verb ‘pillow’ for the range to the left.
133
一九五六頁一一行箕背王屋按：王念孫謂「箕背」當作「背箕」，與「面據」相對，箕讀為基，基亦據也，言前據衡陰，後據王屋也。 水經汝水注引此，正作「背基王屋」。
Wang Niansun reorders the line so that ‘backing Ji’ pairs with ‘facing Heng’ and explains the place-name as a pun on ‘base’ and ‘perch upon.’ Shui jing Ru citation reads ‘backing foundation Wangwu.’
134
一九五六頁一三行昌本深蒱殿本「蒱」作「蒲」，注同。 按：蒱蒲通。
Page 1956 line 13: "the cited text-Palace writes the cited text for the cited text-gloss same." Plants interchangeable.
135
一九五六頁一五行豐彤對蔚按：「彤」原作「肜」，逕依汲本、殿本改。
Page 1956 line 15: the cited text-note: "the cited text miswritten the cited text; fixed per Ji/Palace."
136
一九五七頁一五行東曰衡山多青* (懼) **[□]*按：引文見山海經中次八經。 善丹曰雘，□丹； 善青曰□，□青。 山海經凡言「青□」，皆□青作「□」，茲據改。
Shanhai jing citation stub. variant ju. Lacuna filled per classic. Mineral gloss lines fragment. Parallel pigment gloss. Shanhai jing wherever says ‘green □’ writes □ azure as □—emended accordingly.
137
一九五七頁一七行應劭按：「劭」原斗「邵」，逕改正。
Historian’s name fixed.
138
一九五八頁二行* (薄) **[簿]*雲據集解本改。 按：張森楷謂簿即河南十二縣簿，太平御覽屢引之。
Lemma marker. variant bo. The line cites the Henan county register, not a cloud graph. Source identified as Luoyang register.
139
一九五八頁五行* (汍) **[氿]*泉穴出各本並誤，據爾雅改。
Lemma. variant wan. Qiu spring issued from a hollow—corrected against the Erya gloss.
140
一九五八頁一三行爾雅曰茆鳧葵按：「爾雅」當作「廣雅」。 沉欽韓謂爾雅無此語，見廣雅釋草。
Page 1958 line 13: Er ya says mao mallard—note: "should read Guang ya." Shen cites Guang ya.
141
一九五八頁一四行生於水中* (矣) **[涘]*據殿本改。
Plant habitat break. particle yi. Si shore graph restored.
142
一九五九頁二行本或作* (蘳) **[□]*據汲本改。 按：汲本無「或」字。
Variant lemma. graph gui. Ji supplies missing graph. Note: Ji lacks ‘some.’
143
一九五九頁五行鄙騃噪讙按：李慈銘謂「鄙」當作「駓」。 注引韓詩「駓駓俟俟」，即毛詩之「□□俟俟」也。
Page 1959 line 5: coarse beasts clamor-note: "Li Ciming argues the cited text should be the cited text." Commentary cites Han ode ‘prancing waiting’—matches Mao ode binome.
144
一九五九頁一三行繯於山有罕按：今國語齊語作「繯山於有牢」。 一九六〇而四行棲招搖與玄弋按：沈欽韓謂「玄弋」當作「玄戈」。 隋書天文志「玄戈一星，在招搖北」。 新唐書兵志「武德三年更以關中富平道為玄弋軍，軍置將副各一人」，皆取星文為號。
Page 1959 line 13: ring mountain rare nets—note: "Guoyu Qi phrases differently." Page 1960, line 4: perching on Guiding Lance and Dark Lance—note: "Shen Qinhan says the second name should be Dark Halberd, the standard star name." Sui shu astronomy ‘Dark Lance star north of Guiding.’ "New Tang military record names Dark Yi army after stars."
145
一九六〇頁五行揚金亨而扦玉瓖按：沉家本謂「亨」當作「□」。 說文：「□，□蓋也。」 讀若范，大徐亡范切。 注中之「無犯反」，即大徐之「亡范切」，其音是矣。 而又云「一云子公反」，蓋唐時已有誤作「亨」者，故注家遂有此音而不知其非耳。
Page 1960 line 5: raise golden ting brace jade xi-note: "Shen Jiaben argues the cited text should be corrupted bronze graph." Shuowen: 「□, □ cover." Fanqie spelling. The commentary's fanqie spelling 'wu-fan' matches Xu's 'wang-fan'; its pronunciation is correct. Yet ‘alternate zi-gong fan’ shows Tang-era miswriting the cited text confusing commentators.
146
一九六〇頁九行狗馬角逐按：汲本「角」作「爭」。
Page 1960 line 9: dogs horses chase contest-note: "Ji reads the cited text for the cited text."
147
一九六〇頁一一行祋殳狂擊按：「祋」原斗「□」，逕改正。 注同。
Page 1960 line 11: butt-shafts mad strike-note: "the cited text misprinted missing graph; corrected." Gloss aligned.
148
一九六〇頁一四行玉路重* (較) **[輅]*也據殿本改。
Chariot lemma. graph jiao. Lu carriage normalized.
149
一九六一頁五行蛇行有尾目* (赤) **[亦]*畫於旌旗也按：刊誤謂妖星但見尾目而已，又言其赤，非也。 當作「蛇行有尾目，亦畫於旌旗也」。 上文太常畫日月，故云「亦畫」也。 今據改。
Comet gloss lemma. chi variant. Kanwu deletes rogue chi clause. Should read ‘snakes tail eyes—also painted standards.’ Above Grand Constant paints sun-moon—therefore ‘also paint.’ Editors adopt revision.
150
一九六一頁六行高廣各四寸在馬□前按：續書輿服志注引獨斷，「四寸」作「五寸」，「馬□」作「馬髦」。
Page 1961, line 6: height and width each four cun in front of the horse□—note: "the Xu Han carriage commentary quoting Duguan reads five cun instead of four cun and writes horse mane where this edition breaks."
151
一九六一頁八行我車既好刊誤謂「我」當作「田」。 按：詩小雅車攻作「田」。
Page 1961 line 8: "our chariots fine-Kanwu says the cited text should be the cited text." The Book of Odes’ “Carriage Hunt” line uses the word “field” at this place.
152
一九六二頁一行猑縞趼殿本「猑」作「騉」。 按：今本爾雅作「騉」。
Page 1962, line 1: "ji-gray calluses—the Palace edition writes the graph ji as kun (dapple-gray horse)." Note: The received Erya uses “kun” at this point.
153
一九六二頁一一行獄□態按：集解引錢大昕說，謂「□」當作「猘」。
Page 1962, line 11: prison□ bearing—note: "the collected commentary cites Qian Daxin, who says the lacuna should be read as zhi (fierce)."
154
一九六二頁一二行杪標端按：「標」原斗「摽」，逕改正。 注同。
Page 1962, line 12: treetop marker tip—note: "biao was misprinted as piao; corrected straightforwardly." The gloss adopts the same fix.
155
一九六三頁四行裎* (袒) **[裸]*也據汲本、殿本改。
Line 4 of page 1963 marks the lemma cheng for glossing. The gloss glosses the graph as tan, meaning bare the torso. Ji and Palace editions read “naked,” which replaces the older wording here.
156
一九六四頁一行導鬼區按：刊誤謂「導」當作「道」。
Page 1964, line 1: ‘lead the ghost district’—note: Kanwu says dao ‘lead’ should be dao ‘way, district.’
157
一九六四頁七行樹以蒱柳汲本、殿本「蒱」作「蒲」，注同。 按：蒲蒱通。
Page 1964, line 7: "planting pu willows—the Ji and Palace editions write cat-tail pu instead of rattan pu; the gloss agrees." Editors treat the two spellings as graphic variants here.
158
一九六四頁一二行詠歌於伶蕭按：汲本「蕭」作「簫」。
Page 1964, line 12: chanting songs to the musicians’ xiao—note: the Ji edition writes reed-pipe xiao instead of plant-name xiao.
159
一九六四頁一五行帥百隸以驅疫按：「驅」原斗「歐」，逕改正。
Page 1964, line 15: leading the hundred bondsmen to expel plague—note: qu ‘drive’ was misprinted as ou; corrected straightforwardly.
160
一九六五頁一一行公孫捷*[曰捷]*持楯而再搏乳虎據汲本補。 按：宋本注無「曰捷」二字，故劉攽刊誤謂如下文，則此少「曰吾」二字。 此「曰捷」二字疑毛子晉以意補之。 張森楷校勘記謂據下二子皆曰「吾」，不自稱名，則捷亦不宜獨自稱名，劉謂少「曰吾」二字是也，未知子晉何從改作「捷」。
The Ji block inserts the phrase “said Jie” into Gongsun Jie’s boast about the tiger. Because early glosses lack “said Jie,” Liu Ban thinks the line should mirror the sons’ “I said” formula. The extra “said Jie” looks like Mao Zijin’s conjectural patch. Zhang Senkai sides with Liu about the missing “I said,” yet wonders why Mao substituted Jie’s given name.
161
一九六六頁七行螭龍* (也) **[屬]*據汲本改。
Page 1966, line 7 marks the chi-dragon lemma for commentary. The gloss supplies the particle ye. The Ji woodblock reads zhu ‘belong to’ at this lemma.
162
一九六六頁一〇行蕭鼓鳴兮按：汲本「蕭」作「簫」。
Page 1966, line 10: “reed pipes and drums sound”—note: the Ji edition writes reed-pipe xiao instead of plant-name xiao.
163
一九六六頁一二行漢水之神*[女]*據汲本、殿本補。
Ji and Palace editions add nü ‘woman’ to identify the river goddess.
164
一九六六頁一四行鷗白鷗也按：汲本「白鷗」作「白鷴」。
The Ji block substitutes the pheasant name for the second ‘gull’ in the gloss.
165
一九六六頁一六行* (白) **[野]*鳧也據汲本、殿本改。
Line 16 on page 1966 carries a starred lemma awaiting gloss. The gloss adds the adjective ‘white.’ Ji and Palace editions read ‘wild’ before ‘duck’ in the identification.
166
一九六七頁一行今鰋額白魚* (鯉) **[也]*據汲本、殿本改。
The lemma on page 1967 names the broad-headed white fish. The gloss equates the fish with the carp. Ji and Palace editions reinstate the copula ye at the end of the gloss.
167
一九六七頁一五行擺亦捭字也按：「捭」原斗「裨」，逕改正。
A slip confused the verb ‘spread’ with ‘subsidiary’; the wordplay on bo is restored.
168
一九六七頁一五行班固西都賦曰置互擺牲按：沉欽韓謂此張衡西京賦語，注誤以為班固。
Shen Qinhan reassigns the cross-slaughter couplet to Zhang Heng and faults the attribution to Ban Gu.
169
一九六八頁八行孟子謂齊*[宣]*王曰據汲本、殿本補。
Ji and Palace editions insert King Xuan’s temple name into Mencius’ address.
170
一九六八頁一四行是以名通言語之官為象胥刊誤謂「名通」當作「通名」，謂總稱言語之官為象胥也。 按：周禮鄭注作「是因通言語之官為象胥雲」，阮元校勘記謂大字本「因」下有「名」字，則刊誤之說非也。
Kanwu transposes the compound to ‘general title’ so the sentence defines the generic office name. Ruan Yuan shows Zheng’s text already contains ming, refuting Kanwu’s reordering.
171
一九六九頁三行嘉岐陽按：「岐」原作「歧」，逕改正。 注同。
Page 1969, line 3: praising Qiyang—note: Qi mountain was miswritten as qi ‘fork’; corrected straightforwardly. The gloss matches that emendation.
172
一九七〇頁一五行時左將奏融* (道) **[遭]*兄子喪據殿本改。
The lemma on page 1970 concerns the Left General’s memorial on Ma Rong. The gloss notes a dao variant beside the name Rong. The Palace block reads zao ‘to suffer loss,’ yielding Ma Rong mourning a nephew.
173
一九七一頁一行出為河閒王廄長史按：刊誤謂廄長即是官名，「史」字衍。
Page 1971, line 1: went out as stable chief secretary to the Prince of Hejian—note: Kanwu says stable chief is already the title and the graph shi ‘scribe’ is redundant.