1
志第二十六百官三
Treatise 26: The Bureaucracy, Part Three.
2
宗正大司农少府
The Director of the Imperial Clan, the Minister of Finance, and the Privy Treasurer.
3
宗正，卿一人，中二千石。 本注曰：掌序录王国嫡庶之次及诸宗室亲属远近，郡国岁因计上宗室名籍。 若有犯法当髡以上，先上诸宗正，宗正以闻，乃报决。 丞一人，比千石。
The Director of the Imperial Clan was a single ministerial post, ranked at two thousand piculs at the middle rate. The office kept the order of succession for legitimate and secondary sons in princely kingdoms and recorded how closely imperial clansmen were related; each year commanderies and kingdoms filed clan registers with the capital as part of the annual accounts. For crimes carrying punishment of shaving the head or worse, the case had to go to the Director of the Imperial Clan first; he reported to the throne, and judgment followed only after imperial approval. There was one assistant director, ranked at the thousand-picul level.
4
诸公主，每主家令一人，六百石。 丞一人，三百石。 本注曰：其余属吏增减无常。
Each imperial princess had one steward of her household, at six hundred piculs. There was one assistant steward, at three hundred piculs. The rest of the subordinate staff varied over time without a fixed establishment.
5
右属宗正。 本注曰：中兴省都司空令、丞。
The offices listed above were under the Director of the Imperial Clan. After the restoration of the Han, the metropolitan superintendent of works and his deputy were cut.
6
大司农，卿一人，中二千石。 本注曰：掌诸钱谷金帛诸货币。 郡国四时上月旦见钱谷簿，其逋未毕，各具别之。 边郡诸官请调度者，皆为报给，损多益寡，取相给足。 丞一人，比千石。 部丞一人，六百石。 本注曰：部丞主帑藏。
The Minister of Finance was a single ministerial post, ranked at two thousand piculs at the middle rate. He oversaw state revenue in coin and grain, precious metals, silk, and other forms of money. Commanderies and kingdoms filed monthly ledgers of cash and grain on the calends; any outstanding arrears were listed separately. Border posts that asked for supplies received them through his office, which shifted surplus to cover shortfalls until needs were met. He had one assistant minister, at the thousand-picul level. There was one bureau assistant at six hundred piculs. The bureau assistant managed the state treasuries.
7
太仓令一人，六百石。 本注曰：主受郡国传漕谷。 丞一人。
The director of the great capital granary held rank at six hundred piculs. He received grain shipped by canal and river tribute from the commanderies and kingdoms. There was one assistant.
8
平准令一人，六百石。 本注曰：掌知物贾，主练染，作采色。 丞一人。
The director of the market-stabilization office was ranked at six hundred piculs. He monitored commodity prices and oversaw the boiling, dyeing, and coloring of textiles. There was one assistant.
9
导官令一人，六百石。 本注曰：主舂御米及作乾糒。 尋，擇也。 丞一人。
The director of the imperial milling office held rank at six hundred piculs. He milled rice for the palace kitchens and prepared dried provisions for travel and campaigns. The word xun here means "to select" or "to choose." There was one assistant.
10
右属大司农。 本注曰：郡国盐官、铁官本属司农，中兴皆属郡县。 又有廪牺令，六百石，掌祭祀牺牲雁鹜之属。 及雒阳市长、荥阳敖仓官，中兴皆属河南尹。 余均输等皆省。
The foregoing offices were subordinate to the Minister of Finance. Salt and iron monopolies had once reported to the Minister of Finance; after the restoration they were devolved to local commandery and county government. There was also a director of granaries and sacrificial livestock at six hundred piculs, responsible for temple victims, waterfowl, and related offerings. The Luoyang market superintendent and the keeper of the Aocang granary at Xingyang were transferred after the restoration to the governor of Henan. Offices like the equal-distribution transport system were eliminated.
11
少府，卿一人，中二千石。 本注曰：掌中服御诸物，衣服宝货珍膳之属。 丞一人，比千石。
The Privy Treasurer was a single ministerial post at two thousand piculs, middle rate. He supplied the inner court with clothing, equipage, valuables, and fine foods for the imperial table. He had one assistant minister at the thousand-picul level.
12
太医令一人，六百石。 本注曰：掌诸医。 药丞、方丞各一人。 本注曰：药丞主药。 方丞主药方。
The director of the imperial medical corps held rank at six hundred piculs. He supervised all court physicians. There were two assistants: one for materia medica and one for prescriptions. The materia medica assistant managed the drug stores. The formula assistant kept the prescription archives.
13
太官令一人，六百石。 本注曰：掌御饮食。 左丞、甘丞、汤官丞、果丞各一人。 本注曰：左丞主饮食。 甘丞主膳具。 汤官丞主酒。 果丞主果。
The grand provisioner, who ran the imperial kitchens, was ranked at six hundred piculs. He was responsible for food and drink at court. There were four specialized assistants: for the left kitchen, sweets, the liquor office, and fruit. The left assistant oversaw general catering. The sweets assistant managed confectionery and table equipage. The liquor-office assistant handled wine and brewing. The fruit assistant supplied fresh and preserved fruit.
14
守宫令一人，六百石。 本注曰：主御纸笔墨及尚书财用诸物及封泥。 丞一人。
The director of the palace stationery and sealing office held six hundred piculs. He supplied the palace with paper, ink, brushes, stationery for the Secretariat, and sealing wax. There was one assistant.
15
上林苑令一人，六百石。 本注曰：主苑中禽兽。 颇有民居，皆主之。 捕得其兽送太官。 丞、尉各一人。
The superintendent of the Shanglin imperial park was ranked at six hundred piculs. He managed game and fowl inside the park. Commoners also lived inside the enclosure, and he had authority over them as well. Game taken in the hunt was delivered to the imperial kitchens. The office had one assistant and one park warden.
16
侍中，比二千石。 本注曰：无员。 掌侍左右，赞导众事，顾问应对。 法驾出，则多识者一人参乘，余皆骑在乘舆车后。 本有仆射一人，中兴转为祭酒，或置或否。
Gentlemen-in-attendance were ranked at the two-thousand-picul level. There was no fixed number of posts. They attended the emperor, steered court business, and answered his questions on the spot. On formal processions the most senior gentleman-in-attendance rode in the escort seat beside the emperor; the others followed the carriage on horseback. Formerly there had been a chief supervisor; after the restoration the title became libationer, an office that was sometimes filled and sometimes left vacant.
17
中常侍，千石。 本注曰：宦者，无员。 后增秩比二千石。 掌侍左右，从入内宫，赞导内众事，顾问应对给事。
Regular palace attendants were initially ranked at one thousand piculs. They were eunuchs, and their number was not fixed. Later their salary was raised to the two-thousand-picul level. They stayed at the emperor's side, followed him into the inner palace, managed inner-court business, answered his questions, and carried out his orders.
18
黄门侍郎，六百石。 本注曰：无员。 掌侍从左右，给事中，关通中外。 及诸王朝见于殿上，引王就坐。
Gentlemen attendants at the Yellow Gate were ranked at six hundred piculs. There was no fixed quota of posts. They attended the sovereign, held "serving within" status, and carried messages between the palace and the ministries. When kings were received in the main hall, they escorted each prince to his place.
19
小黄门，六百石。 本注曰：宦者，无员。 掌侍左右，受尚书事。 上在内宫，关通中外及中宫已下众事。 诸公主及王太妃等有疾苦，则使问之。
Junior Yellow Gate attendants held rank at six hundred piculs. They were eunuchs without a fixed establishment. They waited on the emperor and took charge of paperwork from the Secretariat. When the emperor stayed in the inner quarters, they relayed orders between the harem, the ministries, and everyone from the empress down. They were dispatched to inquire after princesses, princes' mothers, and other royal women who fell ill.
20
黄门令一人，六百石。 本注曰：宦者。 主省中诸宦者。 丞、从丞各一人。 本注曰：宦者。 从丞主出入从。
The director of the Yellow Gate eunuchs held six hundred piculs. The post was held by a eunuch. He commanded the eunuch staff inside the palace compound. He had one deputy and one assistant for escort duty. These deputies were also eunuchs. The escort deputy managed attendants who accompanied the emperor in and out.
21
黄门署长、画室署长、玉堂署长各一人。 丙署长七人。 皆四百石，黄绶。 本注曰：宦者。 各主中宫别处。
There was one chief warden each for the Yellow Gate compound, the painting studio, and the Jade Hall. Seven chiefs supervised the Bing-side compounds. All held rank at four hundred piculs with the yellow ribbon of office. These posts were reserved for eunuchs. Each warden had charge of a distinct quarter inside the palace.
22
中黄门冗从仆射一人，六百石。 本注曰：宦者。 主中黄门冗从。 居则宿卫，直守门户； 出则骑从，夹乘舆车。
The chief of the supernumerary inner Yellow Gate escorts held six hundred piculs. The office was held by a eunuch. He commanded the extra inner Yellow Gate attendants attached to the train. In the capital they stood night watch and guarded gates and doors; on the road they rode in escort, flanking the imperial chariot.
23
中黄门，比百石。 本注曰：宦者，无员。 后增比三百石。 掌给事禁中。
Inner Yellow Gate attendants began at the hundred-picul rate. They were eunuchs, and their numbers were not fixed. Later the rank was raised to three hundred piculs. They performed miscellaneous duties inside the sealed palace.
24
掖庭令一人，六百石。 本注曰：宦者。 掌后宫贵人采女事。 左右丞、暴室丞各一人。 本注曰：宦者。 暴室丞主中妇人疾病者，就此室治； 其皇后、贵人有罪，亦就此室。
The director of the Yeeting women's quarters held six hundred piculs. The director was a eunuch. He administered the imperial concubines and palace maids of the harem. There were left and right assistants plus one deputy for the "harsh chamber" infirmary. These assistants were eunuchs. The harsh-chamber deputy looked after ailing palace women, who were brought there for care; The empress and honored consorts who were found guilty were likewise held in that chamber.
25
永巷令一人，六百石。 本注曰：宦者。 典官婢侍使。 丞一人。 本注曰：宦者。
The warden of the Everlasting Lane held rank at six hundred piculs. The office was held by a eunuch. He supervised the palace bondmaids who waited on the inner court. There was one assistant. That assistant was also a eunuch.
26
御府令一人，六百石。 本注曰：宦者。 典官婢作中衣服及补浣之属。 丞、织室丞各一人。 本注曰：宦者。
The director of the imperial wardrobe office held six hundred piculs. The director was a eunuch. He oversaw palace women who sewed inner garments, mended, and laundered linens for the palace. There were one deputy director and one deputy for the weaving chamber. Both posts were filled by eunuchs.
27
祠祀令一人，六百石。 本注曰：典中诸小祠祀。 丞一人。 本注曰：宦者。
The director of minor palace sacrifices held six hundred piculs. He arranged the smaller rituals performed inside the palace. There was one assistant. The assistant was a eunuch.
28
钩盾令一人，六百石。 本注曰：宦者。 典诸近池苑囿游观之处。 丞、永安丞各一人，三百石。 本注曰：宦者。 永安，北宫东北别小宫名，有园观。 苑中丞、果丞、鸿池丞、南园丞各一人，二百石。 本注曰：苑中丞主苑中离官。 果丞主果园。 鸿池，池名，在雒阳东二十里。 南园在雒水南。 濯龙监、直里监各一人，四百石。 本注曰：濯龙亦园名，近北宫。 直里亦园名也，在雒阳城西南角。
The superintendent of the Goudu palace parks held six hundred piculs. The post was reserved for a eunuch. He managed the ponds, hunting parks, and pleasure grounds near the capital. There were a chief deputy and a Yong'an compound deputy, each at three hundred piculs. Both deputies were eunuchs. Yong'an was a detached lodge northeast of the Northern Palace, with its own gardens and viewing towers. There were deputies for the inner park, the orchards, Hong Pool, and the Southern Park, each at two hundred piculs. The inner-park deputy managed the lodges built inside the imperial preserves. The fruit deputy oversaw the palace orchards. Hong Pool was a sheet of water twenty li east of Luoyang. The Southern Park lay on the south bank of the Luo. Zhuolong Park and Zhili each had a steward at four hundred piculs. Zhuolong was another park name, close to the Northern Palace. Zhili was likewise a pleasure ground at the southwest corner of Luoyang.
29
中藏府令一人，六百石。 本注曰：掌中幣帛金银諸貨物。 丞一人。
The director of the inner treasury held six hundred piculs. He stored silk, currency, gold, silver, and other valuables for the inner court. There was one assistant.
30
内者令一人，六百石。 本注曰：掌宫中布張諸衣物。 左右丞各一人。
The director of the inner furnishers held six hundred piculs. He supplied draperies, hangings, and clothing used inside the palace. There were left and right assistants.
31
尚方令一人，六百石。 本注曰：掌上手工作御刀劍諸好器物。 丞一人。
The director of the imperial workshops held six hundred piculs. He oversaw master craftsmen who forged the emperor's blades and other fine metalwork. There was one assistant.
32
尚书令一人，千石。 本注曰：承秦所置，武帝用宦者，更为中书谒者令，成帝用士人，复故。 掌凡选署及奏下尚书曹文书众事。
The director of the Secretariat held rank at one thousand piculs. The office dated to Qin; Emperor Wu had put eunuchs in charge under the title of palace secretary and usher; Emperor Cheng returned it to civil officials under the old name. He handled appointments, routed memorials, and dispatched paperwork to the six secretariat bureaus.
33
尚书仆射一人，六百石。 本注曰：署尚书事，令不在则奏下众事。
The secretariat supervisor held six hundred piculs. He acted for the director of the Secretariat and, in the director's absence, cleared memorials and orders for the whole board.
34
尚书六人，六百石。 本注曰：成帝初署尚书四人，分为四曹：常侍曹尚书主公卿事，二千石曹尚书主郡国二千石事，民曹尚书主凡吏上书事，客曹尚书主外国夷狄事。 世祖承遵，后分二千石曹，又分客曹为南主客曹、北主客曹，凡六曹。 左右丞各一人，四百石。 本注曰：掌录文书期会。 左丞主吏民章报及驺伯史。 右丞假署印绶及纸笔墨诸财用库藏。 侍郎三十六人，四百石。 本注曰：一曹有六人，主作文书起草。 令史十八人，二百石。 本注曰：曹有三，主书。 后增剧曹三人，合二十一人。
There were six secretariat ministers at six hundred piculs each. Emperor Cheng had first set four bureau chiefs: one for nobles and ministers, one for commandery and kingdom officials at two thousand piculs, one for commoners' petitions, and one for foreign envoys and frontier peoples. Emperor Guangwu kept that structure, then split the two-thousand-picul bureau and divided the guest bureau into southern and northern guest affairs, for six bureaus in all. Left and right assistants of the board each held four hundred piculs. They kept the files and tracked deadlines for the six bureaus. The left assistant handled petitions from officials and commoners and supervised the board's runners and senior clerks. The right assistant issued seals and ribbons on temporary authority and managed stationery and supply vaults. Thirty-six secretariat gentlemen attendants served at four hundred piculs. Each of the six bureaus had six of them to draft outgoing paperwork. Eighteen secretariat clerks held rank at two hundred piculs. Each bureau had three clerks to manage correspondence. Three more were later added for the urgent-affairs desk, making twenty-one in total.
35
符节令一人，六百石。 本注曰：为符节台率，主符节事。 凡遣使掌授节。 尚符玺郎中四人。 本注曰：旧二人在中，主玺及虎符、竹符之半者。 符节令史，二百石。 本注曰：掌书。
The director of tallies and seals held six hundred piculs. He headed the tally office and controlled all credentials and seals of office. Whenever the court sent an envoy, his office issued the imperial baton of authority. Four court gentlemen supervised the imperial seal and tally chest. Formerly two men inside the palace had guarded the imperial seal and the split tiger and bamboo tallies. The tally office had clerks at two hundred piculs. They kept the tally office's written records.
36
御史中丞一人，千石。 本注曰：御史大夫之丞也。 旧别监御史在殿中，密举非法。 及御史大夫转为司空，因别留中，为御史台率，后又属少府。 治书侍御史二人，六百石。 本注曰：掌选明法律者为之。 凡天下诸谳疑事，掌以法律当其是非。 侍御史十五人，六百石。 本注曰：掌察举非法，受公卿群吏奏事，有违失举劾之。 凡郊庙之祠及大朝会、大封拜，则二人监威仪，有违失则劾奏。
The imperial counselor's deputy in the palace held one thousand piculs. He was formally the deputy to the imperial counselor. Palace censors had once watched the court in secret and denounced irregularities. When the counselor's post became minister of works, the censor-in-chief stayed inside as head of the censorate and later was placed under the Privy Treasurer. Two legal specialists among the attending censors held six hundred piculs. Only men expert in statute law were chosen for these posts. They ruled on doubtful appeals from the empire by applying the code. Fifteen attending censors served at six hundred piculs. They policed misconduct, took memorials from the high nobility and bureaucracy, and impeached wrongdoing. At great sacrifices, audiences, and investitures, two of them watched ritual deportment and filed impeachments over any lapse.
37
兰台令史，六百石。 本注曰：掌奏及印工文书。
Orchid Terrace secretariat clerks held six hundred piculs. They handled memorials to the throne and the seal-engravers' paperwork.
38
右属少府。 本注曰：职属少府者，自太医、上林凡四官。 自侍中至御史，皆以文属焉。 承秦，凡山泽陂池之税，名曰禁钱，属少府。 世祖改属司农，考工转属太仆，都水属郡国。 孝武帝初置水衡都尉，秩比二千石，别主上林苑有离官燕休之处，世祖省之，并其职于少府。 每立秋貙刘之日，辄暂置水衡都尉，事讫乃罢之。 少府本六丞，省五。 又省汤官、织室令，置丞。 又省上林十池监，胞人长丞，宦者、昆台、佽飞三令，二十一丞。 又省水衡属官令、长、丞、尉二十余人。 章和以下，中官稍广，加尝药、太官、御者、钩盾、尚方、考工、别作监，皆六百石，宦者为之，转为兼副，或省，故录本官。
The offices listed above fell under the Privy Treasurer. Only four bureaus still drew their substantive duties directly from the Privy Treasurer, beginning with the grand physician and Shanglin. From gentlemen-in-attendance through the censorate, they were administratively attached to his ministry. Since Qin, revenue from royal forests, lakes, and ponds had been called "forbidden cash" and went to the Privy Treasurer. Emperor Guangwu reassigned that income to the Minister of Finance, moved the directorate of works to the grand coachman, and devolved water conservancy to local government. Emperor Wu had created the water-and-balances commandant at two thousand piculs to run Shanglin's lodges and resorts; Emperor Guangwu abolished the post and folded its duties back into the Privy Treasurer. Each autumn, for the imperial hunt, the water-and-balances commandant was revived briefly and then disbanded when the rite ended. The Privy Treasurer once had six assistants; five were cut. The liquor-office and weaving-chamber directors were dropped in favor of deputies only. Also struck were ten Shanglin pond stewards, the chief and deputy for the palace birth-attendant corps, three eunuch-led directorates including Kun Terrace and the flying-archer guard, and twenty-one assistant posts. Over twenty more ranks under the old water-and-balances establishment were eliminated. After the Zhanghe era the eunuch establishment grew: stewards over tasting, kitchens, equipage, parks, workshops, and separate ateliers at six hundred piculs, often held concurrently or later cut—hence this note preserves their original titles.