1
志第二十七百官四
Treatise 27: The Bureaucracy, Part Four.
2
执金吾太子太传大长秋太子少傅将作大匠城门校尉北军中候司隶校尉
The Bearer of the Gilded Mace, the heir's grand tutor, the empress's chamberlain, the heir's junior tutor, the master of works, the colonel of the gates, the northern-army middle commandant, and the colonel director of retainers.
3
城门校尉北军中候司隶校尉
The colonel of the gates, the northern-army middle commandant, and the colonel director of retainers.
4
执金吾一人，中二千石。 本注曰：掌宫外戒司非常水火之事。 月三绕行宫外，及主兵器。 吾犹御也。 丞一人，比千石。 缇骑二百人。 本注曰：无秩，比吏食奉。
The Bearer of the Gilded Mace was a single post at two thousand piculs, middle rate. He patrolled outside the palace walls, watched for emergencies, and dealt with fires, floods, and other crises. Each month his men circled the palace perimeter three times, and he also controlled the armory. The word wu in the title is glossed as being akin to "imperial equipage," that is, imperial guard. He had one assistant at the thousand-picul level. Two hundred mounted guards in the brown riding coats served under him. They held no formal rank but were fed at rates similar to clerical stipends.
5
武库令一人，六百石。 本注曰：主兵器。 丞一人。
The capital arsenal director held six hundred piculs. He stored and issued arms. There was one assistant.
6
右属执金吾。 本注曰：本有式道、左右中候三人，六百石。 车驾出，掌在前清道，还持麾至宫门，宫门乃开。 中兴但一人，又不常置，每出，以郎兼式道候，事已罢，不复属执金吾。 又省中垒、寺互、都船令、丞、尉及左右京辅都尉。
The foregoing offices reported to the Bearer of the Gilded Mace. There had originally been three six-hundred-picul commandants who cleared the route for the imperial train. On outings they rode ahead to clear the streets; on the return they carried the signal banner to the gate before the doors would open. After the restoration only one such post remained, and it was often left vacant; gentlemen were temporarily detailed as route commandants for each procession, then released and no longer under the Bearer of the Gilded Mace. The central bastion, prison liaison, capital boat pool, and the left and right metropolitan auxiliary commands were also cut.
7
太子太傅一人，中二千石。 本注曰：职掌辅导太子。 礼如师，不领官属。
The heir's grand tutor was a single minister at two thousand piculs, middle rate. His role was to guide and teach the crown prince. He was honored like a tutor but commanded no separate bureaucracy.
8
大长秋一人，二千石。 本注曰：承秦将行，宦者。 景帝更为大长秋，或用士人。 中兴常用宦者，职掌奉宣中宫命。 凡给赐宗亲，及宗亲当谒见者关通之，中宫出则从。 丞一人，六百石。 本注曰：宦者。
The empress's chamberlain, the grand prolonger of autumn, held two thousand piculs. The office descended from the Qin "general who goes"; it was held by a eunuch. Emperor Jing renamed it grand prolonger of autumn and occasionally appointed a civil official. After the restoration eunuchs normally held the post and conveyed the empress's orders. He arranged stipends for the imperial clan, passed in kinsmen who sought audience, and accompanied the empress when she left the palace. He had one assistant at six hundred piculs. The assistant was a eunuch.
9
中宫仆一人，千石。 本注曰：宦者。 主驭。 本注曰：太仆，秩二千石，中兴省「太」，减秩千石，以属长秋。
The empress's chief steward held one thousand piculs. The steward was a eunuch. He managed the empress's carriage horses and drivers. The post had been the grand coachman at two thousand piculs; the restored Han dropped the word "grand," cut the salary by one thousand piculs, and subordinated it to the chamberlain.
10
中宫谒者令一人，六百石。 本注曰：宦者。 中宫谒者三人，四百石。 本注曰：宦者。 主报中章。
The director of the empress's ushers held six hundred piculs. He was a eunuch. Three palace ushers served at four hundred piculs each. They were eunuchs. They transmitted memorials to and from the empress's quarters.
11
中宫尚书五人，六百石。 本注曰：宦者。 主中文书。
Five secretariat clerks for the empress's household held six hundred piculs. They were eunuchs. They kept the empress's correspondence and records.
12
中宫私府令一人，六百石。 本注曰：宦者。 主中藏币帛诸物，裁衣被补浣者皆主之。 丞一人。 本注曰：宦者。
The director of the empress's private treasury held six hundred piculs. The director was a eunuch. He stored silk and valuables for the harem and oversaw tailors, menders, and laundresses. There was one assistant. The assistant was a eunuch.
13
中宫永巷令一人，六百石。 本注曰：宦者。 主宫人。 丞一人。 本注曰：宦者。
The warden of the empress's Everlasting Lane held six hundred piculs. The warden was a eunuch. He supervised palace women attached to the empress. There was one assistant. The assistant was a eunuch.
14
中宫黄门冗从仆射一人，六百石。 本注曰：宦者。 主中黄门冗从。
The chief of the empress's supernumerary Yellow Gate escorts held six hundred piculs. He was a eunuch. He commanded the empress's extra inner Yellow Gate attendants.
15
中宫署令一人，六百石。 本注曰：宦者。 主中宫请署天子数。 女骑六人，丞、复道丞各一人。 本注曰：宦者。 复道丞主中阁道。
The superintendent of the empress's compound offices held six hundred piculs. He was a eunuch. He processed petitions and gate clearances for the empress's bureaus and kept count of the emperor's visits to her quarters. There were six mounted female guards, one deputy, and one deputy for the elevated corridors. These deputies were eunuchs. The elevated-walk deputy maintained the palace skyways and galleries.
16
中宫药长一人，四百石。 本注曰：宦者。
The empress's chief apothecary held four hundred piculs. He was a eunuch.
17
右属大长秋。 本注曰：承秦，有詹事一人，位在长秋上，亦宦者，主中诸官。 成帝省之，以其职并长秋。 是后皇后当法驾出，则中谒、中宦者职吏权兼詹事奉引，讫罢。 宦者诛后，尚书选兼职吏一人奉引云。 其中长信、长乐宫者，置少府一人，职如长秋，及余吏皆以宫名为号，员数秩次如中宫。 本注曰：帝祖母称长信宫，故有长信少府，长乐少府，位在长秋上，及职吏皆宦者，秩次如中宫。 长乐又有卫尉，仆为太仆，皆二千石，在少府上。 其崩则省，不常置。
The foregoing offices belonged to the empress's chamberlain. Under Qin there had been a eunuch superintendent of the heir ranking above the chamberlain and overseeing inner-court agencies. Emperor Cheng abolished it and folded its functions into the grand prolonger of autumn. Thereafter, when the empress rode in state, inner ushers and eunuch clerks temporarily doubled as superintendents to lead the cortège, then stood down. After the eunuch purges the Secretariat picked a part-time clerk to lead the train instead. At Changxin and Changle a privy treasurer was appointed like the chamberlain, and staff took titles from the palace name with the same ranks as the empress's household. The emperor's grandmother took the title Changxin palace, hence Changxin and Changle privy treasurers outranked the chamberlain; their eunuch staff mirrored the empress's establishment. Changle also had its own commandant of guards and a grand coachman at two thousand piculs, both senior to the privy treasurer. Those offices were abolished at her death and were not permanent.
18
太子少傅，二千石。 本注曰：亦以辅导为职，悉主太子官属。
The heir's junior tutor held two thousand piculs. He too instructed the crown prince but actually commanded the heir's entire staff.
19
太子率更令一人，千石。 本注曰：主庶子、舍人更直，职似光禄。
The crown prince's master of the watch rotation held one thousand piculs. He scheduled rotating duty for the prince's cadets and attendants, much like the superintendent of the palace did for gentlemen.
20
太子庶子，四百石。 本注曰：无员，如三署中郎。
The crown prince's cadet sons were ranked at four hundred piculs. Their number was not fixed; they corresponded to gentlemen of the interior in the three corps.
21
太子舍人，二百石。 本注曰：无员，更直宿卫，如二署郎中。
The crown prince's attendants held two hundred piculs. There was no fixed quota; they stood rotating night watch like gentlemen of the interior in the two corps.
22
太子家令一人，千石。 本注曰：主仓穀饮食，职似司农、少府。
The crown prince's major-domo held one thousand piculs. He ran the heir's granaries and kitchens like a miniature minister of finance and privy treasurer.
23
太子仓令一人，六百石。 本注曰：主仓穀。
The crown prince's granary director held six hundred piculs. He managed stored grain for the heir apparent.
24
太子食官令一人，六百石。 本注曰：主饮食。
The crown prince's catering director held six hundred piculs. He supplied the heir's table.
25
太子仆一人，千石。 本注曰：主车马，职如太仆。
The crown prince's coachman ranked at one thousand piculs. He handled the heir's stables and carriages like the imperial grand coachman.
26
太子厩长一人，四百石。 本注曰：主车马。
The chief groom of the heir's stables held four hundred piculs. He oversaw the heir's horses and vehicles.
27
太子门大夫，六百石。 本注曰：《旧注》云职比郎将。 旧有左右户将，别主左右户直郎，建武以来省之。
The crown prince's gate grandee held six hundred piculs. An old commentary compares the post to a captain of the guard. Formerly left and right household captains had commanded the door guards, but Emperor Guangwu abolished them.
28
太子中庶子，六百石。 本注曰：员五人，职如侍中。
The crown prince's palace cadets held six hundred piculs. There were five posts, analogous to gentlemen-in-attendance at court.
29
太子洗马，比六百石。 本注曰：《旧注》云员十六人，职如谒者。 太子出，则当直者在前导威仪。
The crown prince's grooms-of-the-stirrup were ranked at six hundred piculs. Old notes give sixteen men with duties like court ushers. When the heir left the palace, those on duty rode ahead to clear the way and display his train.
30
太子中盾一人，四百石。 本注曰：主周卫徼循。
The crown prince's inner shield commander held four hundred piculs. He commanded the heir's close escort and patrols around the residence.
31
太子卫率一人，四百石。 本注曰：主门卫士。
The crown prince's guard captain held four hundred piculs. He commanded the guards at the heir's gates.
32
右属太子少傅。 本注曰：凡初即位，未有太子，官属皆罢，唯舍人不省，领属少府。
The offices listed above reported to the heir's junior tutor. When a new emperor had not yet named an heir, the heir's bureaucracy was disbanded except for attendants, who stayed on under the Privy Treasurer.
33
将作大匠一人，二千石。 本注曰：承秦，曰将作少府，景帝改为将作大匠。 掌修作宗庙、路寝、宫室、陵园木土之功，并树桐梓之类列于道侧。 丞一人，六百石。
The master of works was a single minister at two thousand piculs. The office came from Qin as the privy treasurer of works; Emperor Jing renamed it master of works. He built and repaired imperial temples, inner halls, palaces, and mausoleum parks, and lined roadsides with paulownia and catalpa. He had one assistant at six hundred piculs.
34
左校令一人，六百石。 本注曰：掌左工徒。 丞一人。
The director of the left convict-labor camp held six hundred piculs. He supervised convict laborers assigned to the left camp. There was one assistant.
35
右校令一人，六百石。 本注曰：掌右工徒。 丞一人。
The director of the right convict-labor camp held six hundred piculs. He supervised convict laborers assigned to the right camp. There was one assistant.
36
右属将作大匠。
These offices were under the master of works.
37
城门校尉一人，比二千石。 本注曰：掌雒阳城门十二所。
The colonel of the gates was ranked at two thousand piculs. He commanded the twelve gates of Luoyang.
38
司马一人，千石。 本注曰：主兵城门。 每门候一人，六百石。 本注曰：雒阳城十二门，其正南一门曰平城门，北宫门属卫尉。 其余上西门，雍门，广阳门，津门，小苑门，开阳门，粍门，中东门，上东门，穀门，夏门，凡十二门。
His chief of staff held one thousand piculs. The major commanded the gate garrisons. Each gate had a warden at six hundred piculs. Luoyang had twelve gates; the southernmost was Pingcheng Gate, while the north palace gate came under the commandant of the guards. The other eleven gates were Upper West, Yong, Guangyang, Ferry, Small Garden, Kaiyang, Haomen, Central East, Upper East, Grain, and Summer; with Pingcheng Gate they made twelve.
39
右属城门校尉。
These posts belonged to the colonel of the gates.
40
北军中候一人，六百石。 本注曰：掌监五营。
The middle commandant of the northern army held six hundred piculs. He inspected the five northern-army camps.
41
屯骑校尉一人，比二千石。 本注曰：掌宿卫兵。 司马一人，千石。
The colonel of garrison cavalry was ranked at two thousand piculs. He commanded the camp's palace guard detachment. Each camp had a major at one thousand piculs.
42
越骑校尉一人，比二千石。 本注曰：掌宿卫兵。 司马一人，千石。
The colonel of Wuyue cavalry held rank at two thousand piculs. He commanded that camp's guard troops. There was one major at one thousand piculs.
43
步兵校尉一人，比二千石。 本注曰：掌宿卫兵。 司马一人，千石。
The colonel of foot soldiers held two thousand piculs. He commanded the foot camp's guards. There was one major at one thousand piculs.
44
长水校尉一人，比二千石。 本注曰：掌宿卫兵。 司马、胡骑司马各一人，千石。 本注曰：掌宿卫，主乌桓骑。
The colonel of the Long Water Hu cavalry held two thousand piculs. He commanded that camp's guard detachment. There were a camp major and a Hu-cavalry major, each at one thousand piculs. The camp provided palace guard and included Wuhuan horsemen.
45
射声校尉一人，比二千石。 本注曰：掌宿卫兵。 司马一人，千石。
The colonel of hidden archers held two thousand piculs. He commanded that camp's guard archers. There was one major at one thousand piculs.
46
右属北军中候。 本注曰：旧有中垒校尉，领北军营垒之事。 有胡骑、虎贲校尉，皆武帝置。 中兴省中垒，但置中候，以监五营。 胡骑并长水。 虎贲主轻车，并射声。
These five colonels answered to the northern-army middle commandant. Formerly a colonel of the central bastion had overseen the northern camps' fortifications. Emperor Wu had also created separate Hu-cavalry and tiger-rushers colonels. The restored Han abolished the central bastion colonel and used only the middle commandant to supervise the five camps. The Hu-cavalry colonelcy was merged into the Long Water command. The tiger-rushers' light chariots were folded into the hidden-archers regiment.
47
凡中二千石，丞比千石。 真二千石，丞、长史六百石。 比二千石，丞比六百石。 令、相千石，丞、尉四百石； 其六百石，丞、尉三百石。 长、相四百石及三百石，丞、尉皆二百石。 诸侯、公主家丞，秩皆比百石。 诸边鄣塞尉、诸陵校尉长，皆二百石。 有常例者不署秩。
Ministers at two thousand piculs middle rate had assistants at one thousand piculs. True two-thousand-picul posts had assistants and chief clerks at six hundred piculs. Two-thousand-picul nominal ranks had assistants at six hundred piculs. County magistrates and kingdom chancellors at one thousand piculs had assistants and commandants at four hundred; at six hundred piculs the deputies and commandants were at three hundred. Magistrates and chancellors at four hundred or three hundred piculs had assistants and commandants at two hundred. Stewards of princely and princess households were ranked at about one hundred piculs. Frontier blockhouse commandants and mausoleum wardens held two hundred piculs. Established posts with fixed precedent are not given explicit salary grades here.
48
司隶校尉一人，比二千石。 本注曰：孝武帝初置，持節，掌察举百官以下，及京师近郡犯法者。 元帝去節，成帝省，建武中复置，并领一州。 从事史十二人。 本注曰：都官从事，主察举百官犯法者。 功曹从事，主州选署及众事。 别驾从事，校尉行部则奉引，录众事。 簿曹从事，主財穀簿書。 其有军事，则置兵曹从事，主兵事。 其餘部郡国从事，每郡国各一人，主督促文书，察举非法，皆州自辟除，故通為百石云。 假佐二十五人。 本注曰：主簿录阁下事，省文书。 门亭长主州正。 门功曹书佐主选用。 《孝经》师主监试经。 《月令》师主时节祠祀。 律令师主平法律。 簿曹书佐主簿书。 其余都官书佐及每郡国，各有典郡书佐一人，各主一郡文书，以郡吏补，岁满一更。 司隶所部郡七。
The colonel director of retainers was ranked at two thousand piculs. Emperor Wu first created the post with a credential baton to impeach capital officials and wrongdoers in the home commanderies around Luoyang. Emperor Yuan stripped the baton; Emperor Cheng abolished the office; Emperor Guangwu restored it and added authority over one province. He had twelve attendants. The capital-bureau attendant impeached metropolitan officials who broke the law. The merit clerk handled provincial appointments and general administration. The separate-car attendant led the colonel's inspection tours and kept his records. The accounts clerk managed fiscal ledgers and grain registers. In wartime a military-affairs clerk was added to the staff. Each commandery and kingdom also had one provincial clerk to push paperwork and report abuses; provinces hired them locally, so they were loosely treated as hundred-picul posts. There were twenty-five subordinate aides. The chief clerk managed office business under the colonel and vetted correspondence. The gate chief enforced provincial discipline at headquarters. The merit clerk's aide handled personnel selection. The Classic of Filial Piety instructor supervised classical examinations. The Monthly Ordinances specialist oversaw seasonal temple rites. The statute specialist advised on legal interpretation. The accounts clerk's aide kept the ledgers. Each commandery also supplied a resident clerk for its documents, rotated annually from local officials. The colonel director of retainers oversaw seven commanderies.
49
河南尹一人，主京都，特奉朝请。 其京兆尹、左冯翊、右扶风三人，汉初都长安，皆秩中二千石，谓之三辅。 中兴都雒阳，更以河南郡为尹，以三辅陵庙所在，不改其号，但减其秩。 其餘弘农、河内、河东三郡。 其置尹，冯翊、扶风及太守丞奉之本位，在《地理志》。
The governor of Henan ran the capital and held standing right to imperial audience. The metropolitan governor and the two flank commanderies around Chang'an had each ranked at two thousand piculs middle rate and were called the Three Guardians of the capital. After the move to Luoyang Henan became a metropolitan governorship; the old Three Guardians kept their names to tend western tombs but were demoted in salary. The other three commanderies in his circuit were Hongnong, Henei, and Hedong. The full tables for metropolitan governors, Fengyi, Fufeng, and county magistrates appear in the Treatise on Geography.