Volume 9 Annals 9: Zhangzong 1

章宗憲天光運仁文義武神聖英孝皇帝，諱璟，小字麻達葛，顯宗嫡子也。母曰孝懿皇后徒單氏。大定八年，世宗幸金蓮川，秋七月丙戌，次冰井，上生。翌日，世宗幸東宮，宴飲歡甚，語顯宗曰：「祖宗積慶而有今日，社稷之福也。」又謂司徒李石、樞密使紇石烈志寧等曰：「朕子雖多，皇后止有太子一人。幸見嫡孫又生於麻達葛山，朕嘗喜其地衍而氣清，其以山名之。」群臣皆稱萬歲。十八年，封金源郡王。始習本朝語言小字，及漢字經書，以進士完顏匡、司經徐孝美等侍讀。二十四年，世宗東巡，顯宗守國，上奉表詣上京問安，仍請車駕還都，世宗嘉其意，賜敕書答諭。二十五年三月，萬春節，複奉表朝賀。六月，顯宗崩，世宗遣滕王府長史鳷、禦院通進鸊來護視。十二月，進封原王，判大興府事。入以國語謝，世宗喜，且為之感動，謂宰臣曰：「朕當命諸王習本朝語，惟原王語甚習，朕甚嘉之。」諭旨曰：「朕固知汝年幼，服制中未可付以職，然政事亦須學，京輦之任，姑試爾才，其勉力。」二十六年四月，詔賜名璟。五月，拜尚書右丞相。世宗謂曰：「宮中有《輿地圖》，觀之可以具知天下遠近厄塞。」又謂宰臣曰：「朕所以置原王於近輔者，欲令親見朝廷議論，習知政事之體故也。」十一月，詔立為皇太孫，稱謝於慶和殿。世宗諭之曰：「爾年尚幼，以明德皇后嫡孫惟汝一人，試之以事，甚有可學之資。朕從正立汝為皇太孫，建立在朕，保守在汝，宜行正養德，勿近邪佞，事朕必盡忠孝，無失眾望，則惟汝嘉。」二十七年三月，世宗禦大安殿，授皇太孫冊，赦中外。丁巳，謁謝太廟及山陵。始受百官箋賀。二十八年十二月乙亥，世宗不豫，詔攝政，聽授五品以下官。丁亥，受「攝政之寶」。

Emperor Zhangzong—styled Manifest Heaven and Radiant Fortune, humane in civil arts and righteous in martial, divine, sagely, heroic, and filial—with taboo name Jing and childhood name Madage, was Xianzong’s legitimate son. His mother was Empress Xiaoyi of the Tushi clan. In the eighth year of Dading, while Shizong was at Golden Lotus River, on bingxu in the seventh autumn month he halted at Bingjing and the future emperor was born. Next day Shizong came to the Eastern Palace, feasted with great joy, and told Xianzong: “Our ancestors’ blessing has brought us to this day—it is the realm’s good fortune.” He also told Minister-in-chief Li Shi, Military Affairs Commissioner Hegeshilie Zhining, and the rest: “I have many sons, but the empress has given me only the crown prince. Fortunate that a legitimate grandson is born again at Madage Mountain—I have always loved that place for its breadth and clear air; name him for the mountain.” The ministers all cried “Long live the emperor!” In the eighteenth year he was made Prince of Jinyuan commandery. He began the dynasty’s tongue and script and the Han classics, with jinshi Wanyan Kuang, classics steward Xu Xiaomei, and others reading beside him. In the twenty-fourth year, while Shizong toured east and Xianzong kept the realm, he sent a memorial to the Upper Capital to inquire after the emperor’s health and begged that the carriage return to the capital; Shizong praised his care and answered with an edict in his own hand. In the twenty-fifth year, third month, at the Wan Spring Festival, he again sent a congratulatory memorial. In the sixth month Xianzong died; Shizong sent Zhi, chief steward of the Prince of Teng’s house, and Pi, commissioner of the palace service, to oversee the rites. In the twelfth month he was promoted to Prince of Yuan and put in charge of Daxing metropolitan affairs. He entered to give thanks in the national tongue; Shizong was pleased and moved, and told the chief ministers: “I mean every prince to learn our tongue—only the Prince of Yuan speaks it well, and I greatly commend him.” He instructed him: “I know you are young and in mourning cannot yet hold full office, but you must learn how government works—the capital post is to try your talent; strive hard.” In the twenty-sixth year, fourth month, an edict granted him the name Jing. In the fifth month he was named Right Chancellor of the Secretariat. Shizong told him: “The palace holds the Atlas of the Realm; study it and you will know every distance and every pass.” He also told the chief ministers: “I set the Prince of Yuan close at hand so he may hear how the court argues and learn the shape of affairs.” In the eleventh month an edict made him imperial grandson; he gave thanks at Qinghe Hall. Shizong instructed him: “You are still young; as Empress Mingde’s only legitimate grandson, I try you with office—you have the makings of a learner. I set you up as imperial grandson by right—the building is mine, the keeping is yours. Walk straight, grow your virtue, keep away from flatterers, serve me with full loyalty and filial piety, and do not lose the people’s hope; only then will you have my praise.” In the twenty-seventh year, third month, Shizong sat at Da’an Hall, invested him as imperial grandson, and proclaimed amnesty throughout the realm. On dingsi he gave thanks at the Imperial Ancestral Temple and the mountain tombs. He first received the officials’ congratulatory memorials. In the twenty-eighth year, twelfth month, on yihai Shizong fell ill; he was ordered to act as regent and might appoint officials of fifth rank and below. On dinghai he received the Seal of Regency.

二十九年春正月癸巳，世宗崩，即皇帝位於柩前。丙申，詔中外。賜丙外官覃恩兩重，三品已上者一重，免今歲租稅，並自來懸欠系官等錢，鰥寡孤獨人絹一匹、米兩石。己亥，遷大行皇帝梓宮于大安殿。癸卯，以皇太后命為令旨。甲辰，以大理卿王元德等報哀于宋、高麗、夏。乙卯，白虹貫日亙天。丁巳，參知政事宗浩罷。山東統軍裔以私過都城不赴哭臨，笞五十，降授彰化軍節度使。戊午，名皇太后宮曰仁壽，設衛尉等官。

In the twenty-ninth year, spring, first month, on guisi Shizong died; he took the throne before the coffin. On bingshen an edict went out to the realm. Officials outside the capital received two ranks of grace, those of third rank and above one; this year’s taxes and grain were remitted, long-standing debts to the state forgiven, and widows, orphans, and the solitary given one bolt of silk and two piculs of rice each. On jihai the late emperor’s coffin was moved to Da’an Hall. On guimao, by the empress dowager’s command, he issued directives. On jiachen Wang Yuande, director of justice, and others announced the mourning to Song, Goryeo, and Western Xia. On yimao a white rainbow pierced the sun from horizon to horizon. On dingsi Participation Councillor Zong Hao was dismissed. Shandong military commissioner Yi, who passed the capital on private business without attending the mourning lament, was flogged fifty strokes and demoted to military commissioner of the Zhanghua Army. On wuwu the empress dowager’s palace was named Renshou, and the Guards Commandant and other offices were set up.

二月辛酉朔，日有食之。癸亥，始聽政。追尊皇考為皇帝，尊母為皇太后。甲子，命學士院進呈漢、唐便民事，及當今急務。乙丑，白虹亙天。敕登聞鼓院所以達冤枉，舊嘗鎖戶，其令開之。戊辰，更仁壽宮名隆慶。詔宮籍監戶舊系睿宗及大行皇帝、皇考之奴婢者，悉放為良。己巳，敕御史台，自今監察令本台辟舉，任內不稱職亦從奏罷。丁丑，增定百官俸。乙酉，詔有司稽考典故，許引用宋事。是月，宋主內禪，子惇嗣立。

In the second month, on the xinyou new moon, the sun was eclipsed. On guihai he first took up government. He posthumously honored his father as emperor and elevated his mother to empress dowager. On jiazi he ordered the Hanlin Academy to present Han and Tang measures that had served the people well, and the urgent business of the day. On yichou a white rainbow spanned the sky. He ordered the Petition Drum Court, meant to carry grievances to the throne, opened; its doors had long been locked shut. On wuchen Renshou Palace was renamed Longqing. An edict released to commoner status all palace-register bondservants once held by Ruizong, the late emperor, and his father. On jisi he ordered the Censorate: hereafter supervising censors were to be chosen by the censorate itself, and those who failed in office could be impeached and dismissed on memorial. On dingchou official salaries were raised and set in order. On yiyou an edict told the ministries to search precedents and allowed them to cite Song examples. That month the Song emperor abdicated to his son Dun, who took the throne.

三月壬辰，朝于隆慶宮，是月凡五朝。己酉，詔以生辰為天壽節。癸丑，夏國遣使來吊。夏四月己巳，夏國遣使來祭。辛未，宋遣使來弔祭。乙酉，葬世宗光天興運文德武功聖明仁孝皇帝于興陵。戊子，朝于隆慶宮。

In the third month, on renchen, he held audience at Longqing Palace; that month he did so five times. On jiyou an edict established the emperor’s birthday as the Heavenly Longevity Festival. On guichou Western Xia sent envoys to mourn. In the fourth month, on jisi, Western Xia sent envoys for the offering rites. On xinwei Song sent envoys to mourn and offer sacrifice. On yiyou Emperor Shizong Guangtian Xingyun Wende Wugong Shengming Renxiao was interred at Xingling. On wuzi he held audience at Longqing Palace.

六月己丑朔，有司言：「律科舉人止知讀律，不知教化之原，必使通治《論語》、《孟子》，涵養器度。遇府、會試，委經義試官出題別試，與本科通定去留為宜。」從之。詔有司，請親王到任各給錢二十萬。辛卯，修起居注完顏烏者、同知登聞檢院孫鐸皆上書諫罷圍獵，上納其言。拾遺馬升上《儉德箴》。乙未，初置提刑司，分按九路，並兼勸農採訪事，屯田、鎮防諸軍皆屬焉。丁酉，幸慶壽寺。作瀘溝石橋。己亥，朝于隆慶官。甲辰，罷送赦禮物錢，朝于隆慶官。乙卯，高麗國王皓遣使來弔祭及會葬。敕有司移報宋、高麗、夏，天壽節於九月一日來賀。丁巳，命提刑官除後於便殿聽旨，每十月使副內一員入見議事，如止一員則令判官入見，其判官所掌煩劇可升同隨朝職任。秋七月辛酉，減民地稅十之一，河東南、北路十之二，下田十之三。甲子，朝于隆慶宮。乙丑，敕近侍官授外任三品、四品、賜金帶一，重幣有差。丁卯，以太尉、尚書令東平郡王徒單克甯為太傅，改封金源郡王。辛未，高麗遣使來賀即位。甲戌，奉皇太后幸壽安宮。辛巳，詔京、府、節鎮、防禦州設學養士。初設經童科。御史大夫唐括貢罷。禮部尚書移剌履為參知政事。以刑部尚書完顏守貞等為賀宋生日使。

Sixth month, new moon on jichou: the relevant offices reported that law-examination candidates knew statutes but not the foundations of moral instruction, and urged that they master the Analects and Mencius and build character. At prefectural and metropolitan trials, classical-meaning examiners should set separate papers; pass and fail should be decided jointly with the law stream. 」The throne agreed. An edict ordered that every prince receive 200,000 cash on taking up his post. On xinmao the diarist Wanyan Wuzhe and Associate Director of the Petition Office Sun Duo both urged an end to encircling hunts; the emperor took their advice. Remonstrance Aide Ma Sheng presented the “Admonition on Frugal Virtue.” On yiwei the Judicial Inspection Commission was created to inspect the nine circuits, promote farming, and investigate affairs; garrison farms and frontier armies were placed under it. On dingyou he went to Qing Shou Temple. The stone bridge at Lugou was built. On jihai he held audience at Longqing Palace. On jiachen he ended the cash gifts sent with amnesty edicts and held audience at Longqing Palace. On yimao King Hao of Goryeo sent envoys to mourn, offer sacrifice, and attend the burial. He ordered Song, Goryeo, and Xia notified that congratulations for the Heavenly Longevity Festival were due on the first day of the ninth month. On dingsi he ruled that new judicial inspectors hear instructions in the side hall; each tenth month one commissioner, or the deputy if there was only one, should enter audience on business, and a burdened deputy might be raised to court-attending rank. In the seventh month, on xinyou, land tax was cut one-tenth for commoners, two-tenths on the eastern and southern Hebei routes, and three-tenths on poor fields. On jiazi he held audience at Longqing Palace. On yichou he ordered that close attendants sent out at the third or fourth rank receive one gold belt and graded gifts of heavy silk. On dingmao Grand Guardian and Secretariat Director Tuodan Kening, Prince of Dongping, became Grand Tutor and was re-enfeoffed Prince of Jinyuan. On xinwei Goryeo sent envoys to congratulate him on taking the throne. On jiaxu he escorted the empress dowager to Shou’an Palace. On xinsi an edict required schools in the capital, prefectures, military commissions, and defense prefectures to train scholars. The Classics Youth examination stream was instituted. Censor-in-chief Tangguo Gong left office. Minister of Rites Yila Lü was appointed participation councillor. Minister of Punishments Wanyan Shouzhen and others were sent as Song birthday envoys.

八月戊子朔，奉皇太后幸壽安宮。辛卯，敕有司，京、府、州、鎮設學校處，其長貳幕職內各以進士官提控其事，仍具入銜。壬辰，初定品官子孫試補令史格，及提刑部司所掌三十二條。左司諫敦安民上疏論三事：曰崇節儉，去嗜欲，廣學問。丁酉，如大房山。戊戌，謁奠諸陵。己亥，還都。庚子，朝于隆慶宮，是月凡三朝。壬寅，制提刑司設女直、契丹、漢兒知法各一人。甲辰，參知政事劉瑋罷。丙辰，宋、高麗、夏遣使來賀天壽節。

Eighth month, new moon on wuzi: he escorted the empress dowager to Shou’an Palace. On xinmao he ordered that wherever schools existed in capital, prefecture, state, or garrison, a jinshi among the chief, deputy, or staff should supervise instruction and carry the duty in his title. On renchen standards were set for ranked officials’ sons and grandsons to test into clerk posts, and thirty-two articles governing the Judicial Inspection Commission. Left Remonstrance Dun Anmin memorialized on three points: cherish frugality, shed excess desire, and widen learning. On dingyou he went to Mount Dafang. On wuxu he offered sacrifice at the imperial tombs. On jihai he returned to the capital. On gengzi he held audience at Longqing Palace—three times that month in all. On renyin a rule fixed one Jurchen, one Khitan, and one Han versed in law for each Judicial Inspection Commission. On jiachen Participation Councillor Liu Wei left office. On bingchen congratulatory envoys for the Heavenly Longevity Festival came from Song, Goryeo, and Xia.

九月戊午朔，天壽節，以世宗喪，不受朝。庚申，詔增守山陵為二十丁，給地十頃。壬戌，詔罷告捕亂言人賞。甲子，制諸盜賊聚集至十人，或騎五人以上，所屬移捕盜官捕之，仍遞言省部，三十人以上聞奏，違者杖百。是日，朝于隆慶宮。是月凡四朝。丁卯，制強族大姓不得與所屬官吏交往，違者有罪。戊辰，以隆慶宮衛尉把思忠為夏國生日使。庚午，以尚輦局使崇德為橫賜高麗使。丙子，獵於近郊。戊寅，監察御史焦旭劾奏太傅克甯、右丞相襄不應請車駕田獵，上曰：「此小事，不須治之。」乙酉，如大房山。冬十月丁亥朔，謁奠諸陵。己丑，還都。庚寅，朝于隆慶宮，是月凡四朝。辛卯，上顧謂宰臣曰：「翰林闕人。」平章政事汝霖對曰：「鳳翔治中郝俁可。」汝霖諫止田獵，詔答曰：「卿能每事如此，朕複何憂？然時異事殊，得中為當。」丙申，冬獵。己亥，次羅山。庚子，次玉田。辛丑，沁州、丹州進嘉禾。丁未，次寶坻。庚戌，中侍石抹阿古誤帶刀入禁門，罪應死，詔杖八十。癸丑，至自寶坻。

Ninth month, new moon on wuwu: Heavenly Longevity Festival, but with Shizong still in mourning the throne did not hold court. On gengshen an edict raised tomb guards to twenty households and granted ten qing of land. On renxu an edict ended bounties for denouncing seditious speech. On jiazi a rule required that bands of ten thieves, or five or more mounted, be seized by the local bandit-capture office and reported up the ministries; thirty or more were to be memorialized to the throne; defiance earned a hundred strokes. That day he held audience at Longqing Palace. He held court four times that month in all. On dingmao a rule forbade powerful clans and great lineages to deal with the officials under them; offenders were punishable. On wuchen Basizhong, commandant of the guard at Longqing Palace, was sent as Western Xia birthday envoy. On gengwu Chongde, commissioner of the Imperial Carriage Bureau, was named lateral-bestowal envoy to Goryeo. On bingzi he hunted in the near suburbs. On wuyin Investigating Censor Jiao Xu charged Grand Tutor Kening and Right Chancellor Xiang with failing to remonstrate against the emperor’s hunt. The emperor said: “This is a small matter—do not press it.” On yiyou he went to Mount Dafang. In the tenth winter month, new moon on dinghai, he paid obeisance and made offerings at the imperial tombs. On jichou he returned to the capital. On gengyin he attended court at Longqing Palace—four times that month. On xinmao the emperor told the chief ministers: “The Hanlin lacks staff.” Grand Councillor Rulin answered: “Hao Yi, administrative supervisor of Fengxiang, would serve.” Rulin had urged an end to the hunt; the edict replied: “If you treat every affair this way, what have I to fear? But times and tasks change—the right course is the middle way.” On bingshen the winter hunt began. On jihai he encamped at Mount Luo. On gengzi he encamped at Yutian. On xinchou Qinzhou and Danzhou presented stalks of auspicious grain. On dingwei he encamped at Baodi. On gengxu Palace Attendant Shimo Agu, sword at his belt, wrongly entered the forbidden gate—a capital offense; an edict commuted it to eighty blows of the staff. On guichou he returned from Baodi.

十一月己未，朝于隆慶宮。辛酉，以右宣徽院使裴滿余慶等為賀宋正旦使。癸亥，上謂宰臣曰：「今之用人，太拘資歷。循資之法，起于唐代，如此何以得人？」平章政事汝霖對曰：「不拘資格，所以待非常之材。」上曰：「崔祐甫為相，未逾年薦八百人，豈皆非常之材歟？」甲子，諭尚書省曰：「太傅年高，每趨朝而又赴省，恐不易。自今旬休外，四日一居休，庶得調攝。常事他相理問，惟大事白之可也。」戊辰，諭尚書省，自今五品以上官各舉所知，歲限所舉之數，如不舉者坐以蔽賢之罪。仍依唐制，內五品以上官到任即舉自代，並從提刑司採訪之。己巳，初制轉遞文字法。壬申，朝于隆慶宮。乙亥，命參知政事移剌履提控刊修《遼史》。丁丑，以西上閣門使移剌邴為高麗生日使。御史台奏：「故事，台官不得與人相見。蓋為親王、宰執、形勢之家，恐有私徇。然無以訪知民間利病、官吏善惡。」詔自今許與四品以下官相見，三品以上如故。辛巳，詔有司，今後諸處或有饑饉，令總管、節度使或提刑司先行賑貸或賑濟，然後言上。

In the eleventh month, on jiwei, he held court at Longqing Palace. On xinyou Peiman Yuqing, commissioner of the Right Xuanhui Court, and others were sent as envoys to congratulate Song on the new year. On guihai he told the chief ministers: “Appointments now cling too tightly to seniority. Step-by-step promotion began in Tang—how can talent be found that way?” Rulin replied: “Waiving formal qualification is how one seats extraordinary men.” The emperor said: “Cui Youfu as chancellor recommended eight hundred men in under a year—were they all extraordinary?” On jiazi he directed the Department of State Affairs: “The Grand Tutor is old; rushing to court and also to the ministry must be taxing. From now on, besides the decad rest, let him stay home one day in four to recuperate. Other councillors may decide routine business; only major matters need reach him.” On wuchen he ordered the Department of State Affairs: fifth-rank officials and above must each recommend known talent within an annual quota, or face the charge of hiding able men. As under Tang, capital officials of fifth rank and above on assuming post should immediately nominate successors, and circuit intendants were to search them out as well. On jisi regulations for relayed transfer documents were first promulgated. On renshen he held court at Longqing Palace. On yihai Participation Councillor Yelü Lü was put in charge of compiling and revising the History of Liao. On dingchou Yelü Bing, Western Upper Gate commissioner, was named Goryeo birthday envoy. The Censorate memorialized: “By precedent censors may not receive visitors. The rule guarded against princes, chief ministers, and powerful houses winning private favor. Yet they could not learn the people’s hardships or officials’ conduct.” An edict allowed meetings with officials of fourth rank and below; toward third rank and above the old ban remained. On xinsi an edict charged the ministries: wherever famine struck, route administrators, military governors, or circuit intendants should lend or distribute relief first, then report up.

十二月丙戌朔，朝于隆慶宮，是月凡五朝。詔罷鑄錢。丁亥，密州進白雉。壬辰，諭有司，女直人及百姓不得用網捕野物，及不得放群雕枉害物命，亦恐女直人廢射也。戊戌，複置北京、遼東鹽使司，仍罷西京、解鹽巡捕使。以河東南、北路提刑司言，賑寧化、保德、嵐州饑，其流移複業，給複一年。是日，禁宮中上直官及承應人毋得飲酒。乙巳，祭奠興陵。壬子，諭台臣曰：「提刑司所舉劾多小過，行則失大體，不行則恐有所沮，其以此意諭之。」甲寅，宋、高麗、夏遣使來賀正旦。是冬，無雪。

Twelfth month, new moon on bingxu: court at Longqing Palace—five times that month. An edict ended coin casting. On dinghai Mizhou presented a white pheasant. On renchen he told the ministries that Jurchens and commoners must not hunt with nets or fly hawks in packs to waste game, lest Jurchens neglect the bow. On wuxu the Northern Capital and Liaodong salt commissions were restored and the Western Capital and Jie Salt patrol offices abolished. At the Hedong South and North circuit intendants’ report, Ninghua, Baode, and Lanzhou were relieved in famine; refugees who resumed farming received a one-year tax remission. That day palace duty officers and resident attendants were forbidden to drink. On yisi he made offerings at Xing Mausoleum. On renzi he told the censors: “Circuit intendants impeach mostly minor faults—acting harms the larger frame, inaction may chill them—convey this intent.” On jiayin Song, Goryeo, and Xia sent envoys to congratulate the new year. That winter brought no snow.

明昌元年春正月丙辰朔，改元。以世宗喪，不受朝賀。上朝于隆慶宮，是月凡四朝。丁巳，制諸王任外路者許遊獵五日，過此禁之，仍令戒約人從，毋擾民。辛酉，諭尚書省：「宰執所以總持國家，不得受人饋遺。或遇生辰，受所獻毋過萬錢。若緦大功以上親，及二品以上官，不禁。」壬戌，以知河中府事王蔚為尚書右丞，刑部尚書完顏守貞為參知政事。甲子，如大房山。乙丑，奠謁興陵、裕陵。丙寅，還都。戊辰，制禁自披剃為僧道者。敕外路求世宗禦書。辛未，如近畿春水。己卯，如春水。

Spring, first month of the first year of Mingchang, new moon on bingchen: the reign title was changed. In mourning for Shizong, the court did not receive New Year congratulatory audiences. The emperor attended court at Longqing Palace; that month he did so four times in all. On dingsi the court ruled that princes posted to outer circuits might hunt for five days only; beyond that it was forbidden, and their followers were to be warned not to trouble the people. On xinyou he instructed the Secretariat: "Chancellors exist to oversee the state; they must not accept gifts. If on a birthday they receive offerings, the amount must not exceed ten thousand cash. For relatives within trimestral and greater mourning ties, and for officials of second rank and above, this is not prohibited." On renxu Wang Wei, chief administrator of Hezhong prefecture, was appointed right vice director of the Secretariat, and Minister of Punishments Wanyan Shouzhen participation councillor. On jiazi he went to Dafang Mountain. On yichou he offered sacrifice and paid respects at Xing Mausoleum and Yu Mausoleum. On bingyin he returned to the capital. On wuchen the court forbade taking tonsure on one’s own to become a monk or Daoist. An edict ordered outer circuits to seek Shizong’s imperial calligraphy. On xinwei he went to the spring waters in the near capital district. On jimao he went to the spring waters.

二月丁卯朔，太白晝見。丙申，遣諭諸王，凡出獵毋越本境。壬寅，諭有司，寒食給假五日，著於令。甲辰，至自春水。朝于隆慶宮，是月凡四朝。癸丑，地生白毛。甲寅，如大房山。

In the second month, on the dingmao new moon, Venus was visible by day. On bingchen envoys were sent to instruct the princes that all hunting must stay within one’s own jurisdiction. On renyin he instructed the relevant offices to grant five days’ leave for the Cold Food Festival and enter it in the statutes. On jiachen he returned from the spring waters. He attended court at Longqing Palace; that month he did so four times in all. On guichou white hair grew from the ground. On jiayin he went to Dafang Mountain.

三月乙卯朔，謁奠興陵。丙辰，還都。朝于隆慶宮，是月凡六朝。己未，敕點檢司，諸試護衛人須身形及格，若功臣子孫善射出眾，雖不及格，亦令入見。癸亥，禮官言：「民或一產三男，內有才行可用者可令察舉，量材敘用。其驅婢所生，舊制官給錢百貫，以資乳哺，尚書省請更給錢四十貫，贖以為良。」制可。丙寅，有司言：「舊制，朝官六品以下從人輸庸者聽，五品以上不許輸庸，恐傷官體。其有官職俱至三品、年六十以上致仕者，人力給半，乞不分內外，願令輸庸者聽。」從之。己巳，擊球於西苑，百僚會觀。癸酉，詔內外五品以上，歲舉廉能官一員，不舉者坐蔽賢罪。乙亥，初設應制及宏詞科。丁丑，制內外官並諸局承應人，遇祖父母、父母忌日並給假一日。辛巳，詔修曲阜孔子廟學。壬午，如壽安宮。夏四月甲申朔，朝于隆慶宮，是月凡四朝。戊戌，如壽安宮。

In the third month, on the yimao new moon, he paid respects at Xing Mausoleum. On bingchen he returned to the capital. He attended court at Longqing Palace; that month he did so six times in all. On jiwei the Palace Front Inspection was ordered that guard corps candidates must meet physique standards, but if descendants of meritorious officials excel at archery, though below standard, they are still to be granted audience. On guihai the ritual officials said, "When commoners bear three sons in one delivery, any among them with usable talent may be investigated and appointed according to ability. For children born to driven bondwomen, the old rule gave one hundred strings from government funds for nursing; the Secretariat requests an additional forty strings to redeem them as free persons." The court approved. On bingyin the offices said, "Under the old rule, court officials of sixth rank and below might have attendants pay corvée in lieu; fifth rank and above were not allowed to do so, lest it harm official dignity. Those whose offices all reached third rank and who retired at sixty or above received half the manpower allowance; they ask that no distinction be made between inner and outer service—those willing to have attendants pay corvée should be allowed." The court agreed. On jisi cuju was played in the Western Park, and the hundred officials gathered to watch. On guiyou an edict ordered officials of fifth rank and above, inner and outer, each year to recommend one incorrupt and able official; failure would incur the crime of concealing talent. On yihai the Imperial Composition and Hongci examination categories were first established. On dingchou a regulation granted all inner and outer officials and bureau attendants one day’s leave on the death anniversaries of grandparents and parents. On xinsi an edict ordered repair of the Confucius temple and academy at Qufu. On renwu he went to Shou’an Palace. In summer, on the jiashen new moon of the fourth month, he attended court at Longqing Palace; that month he did so four times in all. On wuxu he went to Shou’an Palace.

五月，不雨。乙卯，祈於北郊及太廟。朝于隆慶宮，是月凡三朝。丙辰，以鷹坊使移剌寧為橫賜夏國使。戊午，拜天於西苑。射柳、擊球，縱百姓觀。壬戌，祈雨於社稷。甲子，制省元及四舉終場人許該恩。己巳，複祈雨於太廟。庚午，置知登聞鼓院事一人。丙子，以祈雨，望祭嶽鎮海瀆於北郊。戊寅，命內外官五品以上，任內舉所知才能官一員以自代。壬午，以參政事移剌履為尚書右丞，御史中丞徒單鎰為參知政事，尚書右丞相襄罷。

In the fifth month there was no rain. On yimao prayers were offered at the Northern Suburb and the Imperial Ancestral Temple. He attended court at Longqing Palace; that month he did so three times in all. On bingchen Falconry Bureau Commissioner Yelü Ning was sent as envoy bearing transverse gifts to Western Xia. On wuwu he worshipped Heaven in the Western Park. Willow-shooting archery and cuju were performed, and commoners were allowed to watch. On renxu prayers for rain were offered at the altars of soil and grain. On jiazi a regulation allowed provincial examination top graduates and those who completed all four examination rounds to qualify for grace favors. On jisi prayers for rain were again offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On gengwu one post was established as overseer of Admonishment Drum Court affairs. On bingzi, for the rain prayer, expectant sacrifice was performed to the mountains, marshes, and rivers at the Northern Suburb. On wuyin he ordered court and circuit officials of fifth rank and above, while serving in post, each to nominate one capable man they knew to succeed them. On renwu Participation Councillor Yelü Lü became right vice director of the Secretariat, Censor-in-Chief Tushan Yi became participation councillor, and Right Chancellor Xiang left office.

六月己丑，制定親王家人有犯，其長史府掾失覺察、故縱罪。壬辰，奉皇太后幸慶壽寺。甲辰，敕僧、道三年一試。秋七月己巳，以禮部尚書王翛等為賀宋生日使。庚午，朝于隆慶宮。丁丑，詔罷西北路蝦䗫山市場。

In the sixth month, on jichou, the court ruled that when a prince’s household committed an offense, his chief administrator and staff who failed to detect it or who knowingly indulged it were punishable. On renchen he escorted the Empress Dowager to Qing Shou Temple. On jiachen he decreed examinations for monks and Daoists every three years. In autumn, the seventh month, on jisi, Minister of Rites Wang Xiao and others were sent as Song birthday envoys. On gengwu he held audience at Longqing Palace. On dingchou an edict closed the Xiazhi Mountain market on the Northwest Circuit.

八月癸未朔，禁指托親王、公主奴隸占綱船、侵商旅及妄征錢債。乙酉，詔設常平倉。丁亥，至自壽安宮。戊子，朝于隆慶宮，是月凡三朝。己丑，以判大睦親府事宗甯為平章政事。壬辰，幸玉泉山，即日還宮。癸巳，罷諸府鎮流泉務。選才幹之官為諸州刺史，皆召見諭戒之。戊戌，上諭宰臣曰：「何以使民棄末而務本，以廣儲蓄？」令集百官議。戶部尚書鄧儼等曰：「今風俗侈靡，宜定制度，辨上下，使服用居室，各有差等。抑昏喪過度之禮，禁追逐無名之費。用度有節，蓄積自廣矣！」右丞履、參知政事守貞、鎰曰：「凡人之情，見美則願，若不節以制度，將見奢侈無極，費用過多，民之貧乏，殆由此致。方今承平之際，正宜講究此事，為經久法。」上是履議。壬寅，敕麻吉以皇家袒免之親，特收充尚書省祗候郎君，仍為永制。丁未，獵於近郊。巳酉，宋、高麗、夏遣使來賀天壽節。

In the eighth month, on the guiwei new moon, the throne forbade princes’ and princesses’ slaves, claiming their masters’ backing, to seize transport boats, prey on merchants and travelers, or collect debts without authority. On yiyou an edict ordered ever-normal granaries established. On dinghai he returned from Shou’an Palace. On wuzi he held audience at Longqing Palace—three times that month in all. On jichou Zongning, administrator of the Grand Kinsmen Bureau, was appointed associate councilor of state. On renchen he went to Jade Spring Mountain and returned to the palace the same day. On guisi Running Spring pawn offices in every prefecture and military commission were abolished. Men of talent were appointed prefects across the circuits; each was summoned, received audience, and admonished. On wuxu the emperor asked the chief ministers, “How can we turn the people from secondary trades back to farming and so build up reserves?” He ordered the full bureaucracy to meet and debate the question. Minister of Revenue Deng Yan and others said, “Morals today are extravagant; we should fix regulations and mark rank clearly, so clothing, housing, and furnishings each keep their proper grade. Curb excessive mourning and forbid pointless spending. With spending kept in bounds, reserves will grow of themselves!” Right Vice Director Lü, Participation Councillor Shouzhen, and Yi said, “Human nature covets what it sees; without regulation, luxury knows no end and cost mounts until the people’s want largely comes of it. In settled times we should work this out thoroughly and make it a lasting law.” The emperor sided with Lü’s proposal. On renyin he ruled that Maji, as an imperial kinsman within shoulder-baring mourning ties, be specially enrolled as a Secretariat attendant—a permanent rule. On dingwei he hunted in the near suburbs. On siyou congratulatory envoys for the Heavenly Longevity Festival came from Song, Goryeo, and Western Xia.

九月壬子朔，天壽節，以世宗喪，不受朝。丙辰，為廉能進擢北海縣令張翱等十八人官。己未，以武衛軍副都指揮使烏林答謀甲為夏國生日使。庚申，朝于隆慶宮。壬戌，如秋山。冬十月丁亥，至自秋山。戊子，朝于隆慶宮。丙申，詔賜貴德州孝子翟單、遂州節婦張氏各絹十匹、粟二十石。戊戌，以有司言，登聞鼓院同記注院，勿有所隸。制民庶聘財為三等，上百貫，次五十貫，次二十貫。丁未，獵於近郊。

In the ninth month, on the renzi new moon, at the Heavenly Longevity Festival the court did not hold audience, still in mourning for Shizong. On bingchen Zhang Ao, magistrate of Beihai, and seventeen others were promoted for integrity and ability. On jiwei Ulinah Moujia, vice commander-in-chief of the Martial Guard Army, was sent as Western Xia birthday envoy. On gengshen he held audience at Longqing Palace. On renxu he went to Autumn Mountain. In the tenth winter month, on dinghai, he returned from Autumn Mountain. On wuzi he held audience at Longqing Palace. On bingshen the throne granted Guidu filial son Zhai Dan and Suizhou chaste widow Lady Zhang each ten bolts of silk and twenty shi of grain. On wuxu, on the ministries’ report, the Petition Drum Court was made coequal with the Annals Court and subordinate to neither. Commoners’ betrothal gifts were fixed in three grades: one hundred strings of cash at the top, fifty in the middle, twenty at the bottom. On dingwei he hunted in the near suburbs.

十一月乙卯，朝于隆慶宮。是月凡五朝。以惑眾亂民，禁罷全真及五行毗盧。以僉書樞密院事把德固等為賀宋正旦使。丁巳，制諸職官讓廕兄弟子侄者，從其所請。戊辰，召禮部尚書王翛、諫議大夫張暐詣殿門，諭之曰：「朝廷可行之事，汝諫官、禮官即當辯析。小民之言，有可采者朕尚從之，況卿等乎？自今所議毋但附合於尚書省。」辛未，以西上閣門使移剌撻不也為高麗生日使。丙子，冬獵。巳卯，次雄州。判真定府事吳王永成、判定武軍節度使隋王永升來朝。

In the eleventh month, on yimao, he held audience at Longqing Palace. That month he did so five times in all. Quanzhen and the Wuxing Pilu sect were banned for deluding the people and disturbing public order. Associate Military Affairs Commissioner Ba Degu and others were sent as Song New Year envoys. On dingsi the court ruled that when officials asked to pass hereditary privilege to brothers or nephews, the request was to be granted. On wuchen he summoned Minister of Rites Wang Xiao and Remonstrance Officer Zhang Wei to the palace gate and told them, “When the court can act on something, you remonstrance and ritual officers should debate it at once. If commoners have something worth hearing, I still take it—how much more should you? From now on do not merely echo the Secretariat in what you propose.” On xinwei Yelü Tabuye, commissioner of the Western Upper Palace Gate, was sent as Goryeo birthday envoy. On bingzi he set out on the winter hunt. On jimao he halted at Xiongzhou. Wu Prince Yongcheng, acting prefect of Zhending, and Sui Prince Yongsheng, military commissioner of Dingwu Army, came to court.

二月壬午，百官複聽政，不許。壬辰，上始視朝。敕親王及三品官之家，毋許僧尼道士出入。諭有司：「進士程文但合格者即取之，毋限人數。」丙申，以樞密副使夾穀清臣為尚書左丞。戊戌，更定奴誘良人法。丙午，初設王傳府尉官。

In the second month, on renwu, the hundred officials again asked to resume audiences; the request was denied. On renchen the emperor first held court in person. An edict forbade monks, nuns, and Daoist clergy to enter the households of imperial princes and officials of third rank and above. He instructed the relevant offices: "In the jinshi examination, take all whose papers qualify—do not cap the number of graduates." On bingchen Bureau of Military Affairs Vice Commissioner Jiagu Qingchen was appointed left vice director of the Secretariat. On wuxu the law on slaves enticing free persons was revised. On bingwu the posts of princely tutor and guard captain were first established.

三月丁巳，夏國遣使來吊。癸亥，敕有司，國號犯漢、遼、唐、宋等名不得封臣下。有司議：「以遼為恆，宋為汴，秦為鎬，晉為並，漢為益，梁為邵，齊為彭，殷為譙，唐為絳，吳為鄂，蜀為夔，陳為宛，隋為涇，虞為澤。」制可，丁卯，夏國遣使來祭。乙亥，高麗遣使來弔祭。丁丑，宋遣使來弔祭。

In the third month, on dingsi, Western Xia sent envoys to mourn. On guihai an edict ordered that when enfeoffing subjects, names tabooing the dynastic states of Han, Liao, Tang, Song, and the like must not be used. The offices proposed: "Use Heng for Liao, Bian for Song, Hao for Qin, Bing for Jin, Yi for Han, Shao for Liang, Peng for Qi, Qiao for Yin, Jiang for Tang, E for Wu, Kui for Shu, Wan for Chen, Jing for Sui, and Ze for Yu." The court approved. On dingmao Western Xia sent envoys for the offering rites. On yihai Goryeo sent envoys to mourn and offer sacrifice. On dingchou Song sent envoys to mourn and offer sacrifice.

四月戊寅朔，尚書省言：「齊民與屯田戶往往不睦，若令遞相婚姻，實國家長久安寧之計。」從之。乙酉，葬孝懿皇太后于裕陵。戊子，制諸部內災傷，主司應言而不言及妄言者杖七十，檢視不以實者罪如之，因而有傷人命者以違制論，致枉有征免者坐贓論，妄告者戶長坐詐不以實罪，計贓重從詐匿不輸法。庚寅，禁民庶不得服純黃銀褐色，婦人勿禁，著為永制。辛卯，上幸壽安宮，諫議大夫張暐等上疏請止其行，不允。癸巳，諭有司：「自今女直字直譯為漢字，國史院專寫契丹字者罷之。」甲午，改封永中為並王，永功為魯王，永成袞王，永升曹王，永蹈鄭王，永濟韓王，永德豳王。戊戌，增太學博士助教員。己亥，學士院新進唐杜甫、韓愈、劉禹錫、杜牧、賈島、王建，宋王禹備、歐陽修、王安石、蘇軾、張耒、秦觀等集二十六部。庚子，改壽安宮名萬寧。壬寅，如萬甯宮。詔襲封衍聖公孔元措視四品秩。

In the fourth month, on the wuyin new moon, the Secretariat said, "Common settlers and garrison households are often at odds; if they are made to intermarry in turn, that is truly a plan for the state’s long peace and security." The court agreed. On yiyou Empress Dowager Xiaoyi was buried at Yuling. On wuzi a regulation was issued: for disaster damage in any circuit, officials who should report but do not, or who report falsely, receive seventy blows; inspectors who do not report truthfully are punished the same; if lives are lost as a result, the offense is judged as violation of imperial orders; if wrongful tax exemptions follow, the offense is judged as corruption; false accusers cause household heads to be punished for fraudulent reporting, and if the calculated value is heavy, the heavier penalties for concealment and non-payment apply. On gengyin commoners were forbidden to wear pure yellow, silver-brown, and brown; women were not forbidden, and this was made a permanent rule. On xinmao the emperor went to Shou’an Palace; Remonstrance and Discussion Grandee Zhang Wei and others memorialized asking him to stop; the request was denied. On guisi he instructed the relevant offices: "From now on Jurchen words are to be translated directly into Chinese characters; those in the History Office who wrote only in Khitan script are dismissed." On jiawu titles were changed: Yongzhong became Prince of Bing, Yonggong Prince of Lu, Yongcheng Prince of Gun, Yongsheng Prince of Cao, Yongdao Prince of Zheng, Yongji Prince of Han, and Yongde Prince of Bin. On wuxu the number of erudites and assistant erudites at the Imperial Academy was increased. On jihai the Hanlin Academy newly received twenty-six collections by Tang authors Du Fu, Han Yu, Liu Yuxi, Du Mu, Jia Dao, and Wang Jian, and Song authors Wang Yubo, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Zhang Lei, and Qin Guan. On gengzi Shou’an Palace was renamed Wanning. On renyin he went to Wanning Palace. An edict treated Hereditary Duke of Yan Sheng Kong Yuancuo as holding fourth-rank standing.

五月庚戌，敕自今四日一奏事，仍免朝。戊辰，詔諸郡邑文宣王廟、風雨師、社稷神壇隳廢者，複之。詔御史台令史並以終場舉人充。

In the fifth month, on gengxu, an edict ordered that from now on memorials be heard every four days, with court audiences still waived. On wuchen an edict ordered restoration of ruined temples of Lord Wenxuan, the Wind-and-Rain Spirit, and the altars of soil and grain in all prefectures and districts. An edict ordered that Censorate clerks all be filled from examination graduates who completed the full rounds.

九月丁未朔，天壽節，以皇太后喪，不受朝。甲寅，如大房山。乙卯，謁奠裕陵。丙辰，還都。丁巳，以西上閣門使白琬為夏國生日使。己未，定詐為制書未施行制。以尚書左丞夾穀清臣為平章政事，封芮國公，參知政事完顏守貞為尚書左丞，知大興府事張萬公為參知政事。庚申，如秋山。冬十月己丑，至自秋山。甲午，敕司獄毋得與府州司縣官筵宴遠往，違者罪之。禁乙太一混元受籙私建庵室者。壬寅，以河北、山東旱，應雜犯及強盜已未發覺減死一等，釋徒以下。

In the ninth month, on the dingwei new moon, the Heavenly Longevity Festival was observed; because of the empress dowager’s mourning, audiences were not received. On jiayin he went to Dafang Mountain. On yimao he offered sacrifice and paid respects at Yuling. On bingchen he returned to the capital. On dingsi Western Upper Gate Commissioner Bai Wan was sent as Western Xia birthday envoy. On jiwei the regulation on forging unissued imperial edicts was fixed. Left Vice Director Jiagu Qingchen was made participation councillor and enfeoffed as Duke of Rui; Participation Councillor Wanyan Shouzhen was appointed left vice director of the Secretariat; and Metropolitan Governor Zhang Wangong was made participation councillor. On gengshen he went to the autumn mountains. In winter, on jichou of the tenth month, he returned from the autumn mountains. On jiawu an edict forbade prison officials to banquet with prefectural, circuit, and county officials or travel far for such visits; violators were punished. Those who had received registers in the Yi Taiyi Hunyuan line were forbidden to build hermitages on their own. On renyin, because of drought in Hebei and Shandong, for miscellaneous offenses and robbery not yet discovered, death sentences were reduced one degree and convicts below exile were released.

十一月丙午朔，制諸女直人不得以姓氏釋為漢字。甲寅，禁伶人不得以歷代帝王為戲，及稱萬歲，犯者以不應為事重法科。丁巳，以豳王傅宗璧等為賀宋正旦使。戊午，夏人殺我邊將阿魯帶。甲子，制投匿名書者，徒四年。丙寅，以近侍局副使完顏匡為高麗生日使。壬申，敕提刑司官自今每十五日一朝。

In the eleventh month, on the bingwu new moon, a regulation forbade Jurchen to render their surnames as Chinese characters. On jiayin actors were forbidden to use past emperors as entertainment or to cry “Long live the emperor!”; violators were punished under the heavy penalties for improper conduct. On dingsi Prince of Bin’s tutor Fu Zongbi and others were sent as Song New Year envoys. On wuwu Western Xia killed our border general Aludai. On jiazi a regulation made submitting anonymous letters punishable by four years’ exile. On bingyin Inner Attendants Bureau Vice Commissioner Wanyan Kuang was sent as Goryeo birthday envoy. On renshen an edict ordered Judicial Inspection officials from now on to attend court every fifteen days.

十二月乙亥朔，敕三品致仕官所得傔從毋令輸庸。己卯，定鎮邊守將致盜賊罪。甲申，獵於近郊。乙酉，詔罷契丹字。己丑，尚書右丞徒單鎰罷。癸卯，宋、高麗、夏遣使來賀正旦。

In the twelfth month, on the yihai new moon, an edict forbade retired officials of third rank from having their attendants pay corvée in lieu. On jimao the crimes of border-defense generals who allow banditry were fixed. On jiashen he hunted in the near suburbs. On yiyou an edict abolished Khitan script. On jichou Right Vice Director of the Secretariat Tushan Yi was dismissed. On guimao Song, Goryeo, and Xia sent envoys to congratulate on New Year’s Day.

三年春正月乙巳朔，以皇太后喪，不受朝。丙辰，以孝懿皇后小祥，尚書省請依明昌元年世宗忌辰例，諸王陪位，服慘紫，去金玉之飾，百官不視事，禁音樂屠宰，從之。壬戌，如春水。

In year 3, spring, on the yisi new moon of the first month, the court did not receive audience because of mourning for the empress dowager. On bingchen, for Empress Xiaoyi’s xiao xiang, the Department of State Affairs asked to follow the Mingchang year 1 precedent for Emperor Shizong’s death anniversary: princes in attendance wearing somber purple without gold or jade ornaments, officials excused from business, music and slaughter forbidden—and this was approved. On renxu he went to the spring waters.

二月甲戌朔，敕猛安謀克許於冬月率所屬戶畋獵二次，每出不得過十日。壬辰，至自春水。丁酉，獵於近郊。辛丑，詔追複田瑴等官爵。

In the second month, on the jiaxu new moon, the court ruled that meng’an and mouke might take their households hunting twice in winter, each outing limited to ten days. On renchen he returned from the spring waters. On dingyou he hunted in the near suburbs. On xinchou an edict restored the offices and titles of Tian Yue and others.

閏月甲子，以山東路統軍使烏林答願為御史大夫。

In the intercalary month, on jiazi Ulinada Yuan, pacification commissioner of the Shandong Route, was appointed censor-in-chief.

三月乙亥，更定強盜征贓、品官及諸人親獲強盜官賞制。辛巳，初設左右衛副將軍。癸未，瀘溝石橋成。幸熙春園。丁亥，如萬甯宮。辛卯，詔賜棣州孝子劉瑜、錦州孝子劉慶祐絹、粟，旌其門閭，複其身。上因問宰臣曰：「從來孝義之人曾官使者幾何？」左丞守貞對曰：「世宗時有劉政者嘗官之，然若輩多淳質不及事。」上曰：「豈必盡然。孝義之人素行已備，稍可用既當用之，後雖有希覬作偽者，然偽為孝義，猶不失為善。可檢勘前後所申孝義之人，如有可用者，可具以聞。」癸巳，尚書省奏：「言事者謂，釋道之流不拜父母親屬，敗壞風俗，莫此為甚。禮官言唐開元二年敕雲：'聞道士、女冠、僧、尼不拜二親，是為子而忘其生，傲親而徇於末。自今以後並聽拜父母，其有喪紀輕重及尊屬禮數，一準常儀。 '臣等以為宜依典故行之。」制可。左丞守貞言：「上嘗命臣問忻州陳毅上書所言事，其一極論守令之弊，臣面問所以救之之道，竟不能言。」上曰：「方今政欲知其弊也。彼雖無救弊之術，但能言其弊，亦足嘉矣。如毅言及隨處有司不能奉行條制，為人傭雇尚須出力，況食國家祿而乃如是，得無虧臣子之行乎？其令檢會前後所降條理舉行之。」是日，溫王玠薨。丁酉，命有司祈雨，望祀嶽鎮海瀆於北郊。

In the third month, on yihai, regulations were revised on bandits’ booty, ranked officials, and rewards for personally capturing bandits. On xinsi the left and right guard deputy generals were first established. On guiwei the Lugou stone bridge was completed. He visited Xichun Garden. On dinghai he went to Wanning Palace. On xinmao an edict granted silk and grain to Liu Yu, filial son of Dizhou, and Liu Qingyou, filial son of Jinzhou, honored their gates and lanes, and exempted them from corvée and levies. The emperor then asked the chief ministers: “Of filial and righteous men in the past, how many were ever made envoy-officials?” Left Vice Director Shouzhen replied: “Under Shizong Liu Zheng once held office, but such men are mostly plain and unfit for business.” The emperor said: “That cannot be wholly true. Filial and righteous men already have their conduct in order; if they can be used at all, they should be employed. Later some may seek favor and feign it, yet feigning filial piety and righteousness is still a kind of good. Review those who have been reported for filial and righteous conduct, past and present; if any can serve, report them fully.” On guisi the Department of State Affairs memorialized: “Remonstrators say Buddhist and Daoist clergy do not bow to parents and kin, ruining custom—nothing is worse. The ritual officers cite the Tang Kaiyuan year 2 edict: “We hear that Daoist masters, female Daoists, monks, and nuns do not bow to their two parents—sons who forget those who bore them, proud toward kin while yielding to the remote. Henceforth all are permitted to bow to parents; for mourning light or heavy and rites toward honored kin, the ordinary ritual applies in full. We your ministers think the ancient precedent should be followed.” Approved. Left Vice Director Shouzhen said: “Your Majesty once ordered me to question Chen Yi of Xinzhou on his memorial; one point strongly discussed abuses of prefects and magistrates—I asked him face to face how to remedy them, and he could not answer.” The emperor said: “At present I want to know the abuses in government. Though he has no remedy, merely to state the abuses is still worth praise. As Yi said, local offices everywhere fail to enforce the statutes; hired labor still demands effort—how much more those on state salary who act thus: does that not shame the minister and son? Let the offices review and enforce the regulations issued before and after.” That day Prince Wen Jie died. On dingyou the relevant offices were ordered to pray for rain; expectant sacrifice was made to the peaks, marshes, and rivers at the Northern Suburb.

四月壬寅朔，定宣聖廟春秋釋奠，三獻官以祭酒、司業、博士充，祝詞稱「皇帝謹遣」，及登歌改用太常樂工。其獻官並執事與享者並法服，陪位學官公服，學生儒服。尚書省奏：「提刑司察與涿州進士劉器博、博州進士張安行、河中府胡光謙，光謙年雖八十三，尚可任用。」敕劉器博、張安行特賜同進士出身，胡光謙召赴闕。甲辰，祈雨於社稷。丙午，罷天山北界外采銅。戊申，瀛王環薨。戊午，詔集百官議北邊開壕事。詔賜雲內孝子孟興絹十匹、粟二十石，賜同州貞婦師氏諡曰「節」。丙寅，以旱災，下詔責躬。丁卯，複以祈雨，望祀嶽鎮海瀆山川於北郊。戊辰，敕親王衣領用銀褐紫綠。遣御史中丞吳鼎樞等審決中都冤獄，外路委提刑司處決。左丞守貞以旱，上表乞解職，不允。參知政事衡、萬公皆入謝。上曰：「前詔所謂罷不急之役、省無名之費、議冗官、決滯獄四事，其速行之。」

In the fourth month, on the renyin new moon, spring and autumn offerings at the Temple of the Sagely Teacher were fixed: the three offerers to be the libationer, overseer of studies, and erudites; the prayer to read “The emperor respectfully sends”; and ascent hymns to use Board of Rites musicians. Offering officers, attendants, and participants alike wore ceremonial dress; assisting academy officers wore court dress; students wore scholars’ dress. The Department of State Affairs memorialized: “The Judicial Inspection Commission reports Zhuozhou graduate Liu Qibo, Bozhou graduate Zhang Anxing, and Hu Guangqian of Hezhong Prefecture—though Guangqian is eighty-three, he may still serve.” Liu Qibo and Zhang Anxing were specially granted jinshi standing; Hu Guangqian was summoned to court. On jiachen rain prayers were offered at the altars of soil and grain. On bingwu copper mining beyond the Tian Mountain’s northern boundary was ended. On wushen Prince Yin Huan died. On wuwu an edict convened all officials to deliberate on opening moats on the northern frontier. An edict granted ten bolts of silk and twenty shi of grain to Meng Xing, filial son of Yunnei, and gave Tongzhou chaste widow Lady Shi the posthumous title “Chastity.” On bingyin, because of drought, an edict blamed the emperor’s own person. On dingmao, again for rain prayer, expectant sacrifice was made to the peaks, marshes, rivers, and mountains at the Northern Suburb. On wuchen an edict directed that princes’ collar bands use silver-brown-purple-green. Censor-in-Chief Wu Dingshu and others were sent to judge wrongful cases in the central capital; outer circuits were left to the Judicial Inspection Commission. Left Vice Director Shouzhen, citing drought, memorialized to resign; the request was denied. Participation Councillors Heng and Wangong both entered to give thanks. The emperor said, "Carry out quickly the four matters in the earlier edict: end unurgent labor, cut pointless spending, review redundant officials, and clear backlog cases."

五月壬申朔，以尚書禮部員外郎孛朮魯子元為橫賜高麗使。癸酉，罷北邊開壕之役。甲戌，祈雨於社稷。是日，雨。戊寅，出宮女百八十三人。尚書省奏：「近以山東、河北之饑，已委宣差所至安撫賑濟。」複遣右三部司正範文淵往視之。乙酉，以雨足，致祭社稷。戊子，百官賀雨足。尚書左丞完顏守貞罷。己丑，以雨足，望祀嶽鎮海瀆。

In the fifth month, on the renshen new moon, Ministry of Rites Vice Director Bolülu Ziyuan was sent as transverse-bestowal envoy to Goryeo. On guiyou work on opening trenches along the northern border was stopped. On jiaxu prayers for rain were offered at the altars of soil and grain. That day it rained. On wuyin one hundred eighty-three palace women were released. The Secretariat reported, "Because of famine in Shandong and Hebei, imperial commissioners have already been sent to pacify and relieve wherever they reach." Fan Wenyan, director of the Right Three Departments, was again sent to inspect on the spot. On yiyou, because the rain was sufficient, sacrifice was offered to the altars of soil and grain. On wuzi all officials congratulated the throne on sufficient rain. Left Vice Director of the Secretariat Wanyan Shouzhen left office. On jichou, because the rain was sufficient, expectant sacrifice was performed to the marchmounts, seas, and rivers.

六月癸卯，宰臣請罷提刑司，上曰：「諸路提刑司官止三十餘員，猶患不得其人，州郡三百餘處，其能盡得人乎？」弗許。甲寅，以久雨，命有司祈晴。丁巳，定提刑司條制。辛酉，詔定內外所司公事故疑申呈罪罰格。乙丑，以知大名府事劉瑋為尚書右丞。有司言：「河州災傷，民乏食，而租稅有未輸。」詔免之。諭戶部：「可預給百官冬季俸，令就倉以時直糶與貧民，秋成各以其貲糴之，其所得必多矣，而上下便之。其承應人不願者，聽。」秋七月戊寅，敕尚書省曰：「饑民如至遼東，恐難遽得食，必有饑死者。其令散糧官問其所欲居止，給以文書，命隨處官長計口分散，令富者出粟養之，限以兩月，其粟充秋稅之數。」己卯，祁州刺史頓長壽、安武軍節度副使胡剌坐賑濟不及四縣，各杖五十。癸未，詔增北邊軍千二百人，分置諸堡。丁亥，胡光謙至闕，命學士院以雜文試之，稱旨。上曰：「朕欲親問之。」辛卯，以殿前都點檢僕散端等為賀宋生日使。己亥，上謂宰臣曰：「聞諸王傅尉多苛細，舉動拘防，亦非朕意。是職之設，本欲輔導諸王，使歸之正，得其大體而已。」平章政事清臣曰：「請以聖意遍行之。」曰：「已諭之矣。」

In the sixth month, on guimao, the chief ministers asked to abolish the Judicial Inspection Commission. The emperor said, "Each circuit has only a little more than thirty Judicial Inspection commissioners, and I still fear we cannot find the right men; for more than three hundred prefectures and districts, can we find the right men everywhere?" He did not consent. On jiayin, because the long rain continued, the relevant offices were ordered to pray for clear weather. On dingsi regulations for the Judicial Inspection Commission were fixed. On xinyou an edict fixed the statutes on reporting doubtful public matters within and without the court and the penalties for doing so. On yichou Liu Wei, chief administrator of Daming prefecture, was appointed right vice director of the Secretariat. The relevant offices reported, "He Prefecture suffered disaster damage; the people lack food, yet rent and tax remain unpaid." An edict remitted them. He instructed the Ministry of Revenue, "Advance officials’ winter salaries and let them sell grain from the granaries at the current price to the poor; when the autumn harvest comes each will buy grain back with his own funds—the proceeds will surely be greater, and both high and low will benefit. Attendants who do not wish to take part may decline." In the seventh month, on wuyin, he charged the Secretariat, "If famine victims reach Liaodong, I fear they will not quickly get food and some will starve to death. Have grain-dispersal officials ask where they wish to settle, give them documents, and have local officials distribute them by household; let the wealthy provide grain to feed them for two months, and count that grain against the autumn tax." On jimao Qi Prefect Dun Changshou and Anwu Army Deputy Military Commissioner Hula, for failing to relieve four counties, were each flogged fifty strokes. On guimao an edict added twelve hundred northern-border troops, distributed among the forts. On dinghai Hu Guangqian reached court; the Hanlin Academy was ordered to test him with miscellaneous essays, and he pleased the emperor. The emperor said, "I wish to question him in person." On xinmao Palace Front Chief Inspector Pusan Duan and others were sent as envoys to congratulate Song on the imperial birthday. On jihai the emperor told the chief ministers, "I hear that many tutors and commandants of princes are harsh and petty, restraining their conduct—this is not my intent. Those posts were established precisely to guide the princes back to what is right and to secure the larger pattern only." Chief Councillor Qingchen said, "Please have the imperial intent carried out everywhere." He said, "I have already instructed them."

八月癸卯，敕諸職官老病不肯辭避，有司諭使休閒者，不在給俸之列，格前勿論。上以軍民不和、吏員奸弊，詔四品以下、六品以上集議於尚書省，各述所見以聞。甲辰，集三品以下、六品以上官，問以朝政得失及民間利害，令各書所對。丁未，以有司奏甯海州文登縣王震孝行，以嘗業進士，並試其文，特賜同進士出身，仍注教授一等職任。辛亥，至自萬甯宮。特賜胡光謙明昌二年進士第三甲及第，授將仕郎、太常寺奏禮郎。官制舊設是職，未嘗除人，以光謙德行才能，故特授之。己未，以烏林答願為尚書左丞。辛酉，獵於近郊。乙丑，上謂宰臣曰：「朕欲任官，令久於其事。若今日作禮官，明日司錢谷，雖間有異材，然事能悉辦者鮮矣！」對曰：「使中材之人久於其職，事既熟，終亦得力。」上問太常卿張暐：「古有三恪，今何無之？」暐具典故以聞。丁亥，宋、高麗、夏遣使來賀天壽節。

In the eighth month, on guimao, an edict ruled that officials old or ill who refuse to resign though the relevant offices have urged them to take leave are not among those who receive salary; prior cases are not to be cited. Because soldiers and civilians were at odds and clerks and officials corrupt, he ordered officials from fourth rank down and sixth rank up to assemble at the Secretariat and each set forth his views for report. On jiachen officials from third rank down and sixth rank up were gathered and asked about gains and losses in court governance and what harmed or benefited the people; each was to write his answer. On dingwei, because the relevant offices reported Wang Zhen of Wendeng County, Ninghai Prefecture, for filial conduct, and because he had once pursued the jinshi degree, his essays were also tested; he was specially granted status equal to a jinshi graduate and assigned a first-class professorship. On xinhai he returned from Wanning Palace. Hu Guangqian was specially granted passing rank in the third cohort of Mingchang year 2 jinshi graduates and appointed court gentleman and Taichang Temple ritual presenter. The bureaucracy had long provided this post but never filled it; because of Hu Guangqian’s virtue, conduct, and ability, he was specially appointed. On jiwei Ulinada Yuan was appointed left vice director of the Secretariat. On xinyou he hunted in the near suburbs. On yichou the emperor told the chief ministers, "When I appoint officials I wish them to remain long in their duties. If today one serves as a ritual officer and tomorrow manages money and grain, even if occasionally there is unusual talent, few can handle affairs thoroughly!" They replied, "Let men of middling talent remain long in their posts; once the work is familiar, in the end they too will be effective." The emperor asked Taichang Director Zhang Wei, "In antiquity there were the three Ke; why are there none now?" Zhang Wei set forth the precedents in full. On dinghai envoys from Song, Goryeo, and Western Xia arrived to congratulate the Heavenly Longevity Festival.

九月庚午朔，天壽節，以皇太后喪，不受朝。諭尚書省：「去歲山東、河北被災傷處所閣租稅及借貸錢粟，若便征之，恐貧民未蘇，俟豐收日以分數帶征可也。」又諭宰臣曰：「隨路提刑司舊止察老病不任職及不堪親民者，如得其實，即改除他路。若他路提刑司覆察得實，勿複注親民之職。卿等其議行之。」甲戌，以郊社署令唐括合達為夏國生日使。己卯，如秋山。免圍場經過人戶今歲夏秋租稅之半，曾當差役者複一年。冬十月壬寅，至自秋山。丙午，敕御史台，提刑司自今保申廉能官，勿複有乞升品語。壬子，有司奏增修曲阜宣聖廟畢，敕：「党懷英撰碑文，朕將親行釋奠之禮，其檢討典故以聞。」甲寅，敕置常平倉處，並令州、府官以本職提舉，縣官兼管勾其事，以所糴多寡約量升降，以為永制。賜河南路提刑司所舉逸民游總同進士出身，以年老不樂仕進，授登仕郎，給正八品半俸終身。戊午，諭尚書省訪求博物多知之士。癸亥，遣諭諸王府傅尉曰：「朕分命諸王出鎮，蓋欲政事之暇，安便優逸，有以自適耳。然慮其舉措之間或違於理，所以分置傅尉，使勸導彌縫，不入於過失而已。若公餘遊宴不至過度，亦複何害。今聞爾等或用意太過，凡王門細碎之事無妨公道者，一一干與，贊助之道，豈當如是？宜各思職分，事舉其中，無失禮體。仍就諭諸王，使知朕意。」丙寅，敕應保舉官及試中書判者委官覆察，言行相副者量與升除，隨朝及六品以上各隨所長用之。己巳，獵於近郊。

In the ninth month, on the gengwu new moon, the Heavenly Longevity Festival; because of the empress dowager’s mourning, audience was not received. He instructed the Secretariat, "In last year’s disaster areas in Shandong and Hebei, withheld rent and tax and borrowed grain and cash—if collected at once, I fear the poor will not have recovered; wait until the harvest is abundant and collect by installments with the regular levy." He also told the chief ministers, "Along each circuit the Judicial Inspection Commission used to investigate only officials who were old or ill, unfit for office, or unfit to govern the people; if the facts held, they were reassigned to other circuits. If another circuit's Judicial Inspection Commission confirms it on review, do not assign them again to posts among the people. Deliberate on this and put it into effect." On jiaxu Tangguo Hedda, director of the Suburban Sacrifice Office, was sent as Western Xia birthday envoy. On jimao he went to Autumn Mountain. Half of this year's spring-summer land tax was remitted for households the hunting enclosure passed through; those who had served corvée received another year's exemption. In the tenth winter month, on renyin, he returned from Autumn Mountain. On wuwu an edict to the Censorate ruled that when the Judicial Inspection Commission from now certified upright and capable officials, the memorial must contain no plea for rank advancement. On renzi the relevant offices reported the enlarged and repaired Confucius Temple at Qufu complete; an edict said, "Let Dang Huaiying compose the stele inscription; I will personally perform the libation sacrifice—examine the precedents and report. On jiayin an edict ruled that wherever ever-normal granaries were set up, prefectural officials were to oversee them in their regular posts, county officials to manage the work, and promotions and demotions gauged roughly by how much grain was bought in—this as a permanent statute. You Zong of Henan Circuit, a reclusive scholar whom the Judicial Inspection Commission recommended, was granted status equal to a jinshi graduate; being old and unwilling to take office, he was made Gentleman for Initial Service, with half salary at the eighth rank for life. On wuwu the Secretariat was ordered to seek men of wide learning and varied knowledge. On guihai envoys were sent to instruct the tutors and commandants of the princely establishments: "I have sent the princes to circuit posts so that, in the intervals of government, they may live at ease and find refreshment. Yet I fear that in their conduct they may sometimes stray from what is right; therefore tutors and commandants were placed at their side to guide and smooth matters so they do not fall into fault. If in time free of duty they feast or hunt without excess, what harm is there? Now I hear that you sometimes go too far; every petty matter in a prince's household that does not touch public justice you take in hand—should aiding them be like this? Each should reflect on his duty, keep affairs to the mean, and not lose ritual propriety. Go also instruct the princes so they know my intent." On bingyin an edict ruled that those securing recommendations for office and those who passed the Secretariat examination were to have their conduct reviewed by officials; where words and deeds matched, they were to be promoted as fit; court attendants and those of sixth rank and above were each to be used according to his strength. On jisi he hunted in the near suburbs.

十一月庚午朔，尚書省奏：「翰林侍講學士党懷英舉孔子四十八代孫端甫，年德俱高，該通古學。濟南府舉魏汝翼有文章德誼，苦學三十餘年，已四舉終場。蔚州舉劉震亨學行俱優，嘗充舉首。益都府舉王樞博學善書，事親至孝。」敕魏汝翼特賜進士及第，劉震亨等同進士出身，並附王澤榜。孔端甫俟春暖召之。丙子，詔臣庶名犯古帝王而姓複同者禁之，周公、孔子之名亦令回避。戊寅，升相州為彰德府。以前右副都點檢溫敦忠等為賀宋正旦使。壬午，尚書省奏：「知河南府事程嶧乞進封父祖。」權尚書禮部郎中党懷英言：「凡宰執改除外任長官，其佐官以下相見禮儀皆與他長官不同，其子亦得試補省令史。其子且爾，父祖封贈理當不同，合舉宰執一例封贈。」從之。甲申，改提刑司令為書史。丙申，以有司言：「河州定羌民張顯孝友力田，焚券已責，又獻粟千石以賑饑。棣州民榮楫賑米七百石、錢三百貫，冬月散柴薪三千束。皆別無希覬。」特各補兩官，仍正班敘。

In the eleventh month, on the gengwu new moon, the Secretariat reported, "Hanlin Lecturer Dang Huaiying recommends Kong Duanfu, forty-eighth-generation descendant of Confucius, aged and virtuous, thoroughly versed in antiquity. Jinan Prefecture recommends Wei Ruyi for literary talent and moral repute, thirty years of bitter study, four times having completed the final round. Weizhou recommends Liu Zhenheng, whose learning and conduct are both excellent and who once headed the examination cohort. Yidu Prefecture recommends Wang Shu, erudite and skilled in calligraphy, filial in serving his parents." An edict granted Wei Ruyi the title Presented Scholar, Liu Zhenheng and others status equal to a jinshi graduate, all attached to Wang Ze's roster. Kong Duanfu was to be summoned when spring warmed. On bingzi an edict forbade commoners from taking names that violated ancient emperors when the surname was also the same; the names of the Duke of Zhou and Confucius must also be avoided. On wuyin Xiangzhou was promoted to Zhangde Superior Prefecture. Former Right Deputy Chief Inspector Wendun Zhong and others were sent as envoys to congratulate Song on New Year's Day. On renwu the Secretariat reported, "Cheng Yi, administrator of Henan Prefecture, asks to advance and enfeoff his father and grandfather." Acting Director of the Ministry of Rites Dang Huaiying said, "Whenever chief executives are transferred to outer posts as chief administrators, the etiquette when subordinate officials meet them differs from other chiefs; their sons may also test into provincial secretariat clerk posts. If even their sons are so treated, enfeoffment of father and grandfather should differ—set a single rule for chief executives' enfeoffments." Approved. On jiashen the title Judicial Inspection Commissioner was changed to clerk-scribe. On bingchen, because the relevant offices reported, "In Hezhou, Dingqiang commoner Zhang Xian was filial, friendly, and strong in farming, burned his debt slips after collection, and again presented a thousand piculs of grain to relieve famine. Dizhou commoner Rong Ji relieved famine with seven hundred piculs of grain and three hundred strings of cash, and in winter distributed three thousand bundles of firewood. Neither sought anything in return." Each was specially advanced two ranks, still ranked in the regular sequence.

十二月癸卯，以東上閣門使張汝猷為高麗生日使。辛亥，諭有司祈雪。癸丑，獵於近郊。丙辰，有赤氣見於北方。丁巳，敕華州下邽縣置武定鎮倉，京兆櫟陽縣置粟邑鎮倉，許州舞陽縣置北舞渡倉，各設倉草都監一人，縣官兼領之。乙丑，定到任告致仕格。丁卯，宋、高麗、夏遣使來賀正旦。

In the twelfth month, on guimao Zhang Yourou, Eastern Upper Inner Gate commissioner, was sent as Goryeo birthday envoy. On xinhai the relevant offices were ordered to pray for snow. On guichou he hunted in the near suburbs. On bingchen red vapor appeared in the north. On dingsi an edict ordered Wuding Town Granary in Xiayi County, Hua Prefecture; Suyi Town Granary in Liyang County, Jingzhao; and Beiwudu Granary in Wuyang County, Xu Prefecture; each with one granary-forage overseer, led concurrently by the county official. On yichou regulations for reporting on taking office and for petitioning retirement were fixed. On dingmao envoys from Song, Goryeo, and Western Xia arrived to congratulate New Year's Day.

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