Volume 12 Annals 12: Zhangzong 4

二月乙未朔，還宮。丁酉，以山東、河北旱，詔祈雨東、北二嶽。己亥，命購豫王永成遺文。庚戌，始祭三皇、五帝、四王。癸丑，詔刺史，州郡無宣聖廟學者並增修之。

In the second month, on the yimo new moon, he returned to the palace. On dingyou drought lay upon Shandong and Hebei; the court ordered rain prayers at the eastern and northern peaks. On jihai he ordered the court to buy up the surviving writings of Prince Yongcheng of Yu. On gengxu the court first performed sacrifice to the Three Sovereigns, the Five Emperors, and the Four Kings. On guichou an edict charged prefects: in any district without a Sage’s temple and school, build or repair both.

三月丁卯，日昏無光，大風毀宣陽門鴟尾。癸酉，命大興府祈雨。戊寅，幸太極宮。詔定前代帝王合致祭者。尚書省奏：「三皇、五帝、四王，已行三年一祭之禮。若夏太康，殷太甲、太戊、武丁，周成王、康王、宣王，漢高祖、文、景、武、宣、光武、明帝、章帝，唐高祖、文皇一十七君致祭為宜。」從之。乙酉，祈雨於北郊。丁亥，如萬甯宮。壬辰，祈雨於社稷。遼陽府判官民斜卯劉家以上書論列朝臣，削官一階，罷之。夏四月丙申，詔定縣令以下考課法。已亥，祈雨於太廟。庚子，增定關防奸細格。丙午，定衣服制。以祈雨，望祀嶽鎮海瀆於北郊。癸丑，祈雨於社稷。甲寅，以久旱，下詔責躬，求直言，避正殿，減膳撤樂，省禦廄馬，免旱災州縣徭役及今年夏稅。遣使審系囚，理冤獄。乙卯，宰臣上表待罪。詔答曰：「朕德有愆，上天示異。卿等各趨乃職，思副朕懷。」戊午，以西上閣門使張偁等為故高麗國王王𧦬敕祭使，東上閣門使石愨等為高麗國王王韺慰問起複橫賜使。庚申，祈雨於太廟。壬戌，萬甯宮端門災。

In the third month, on dingmao, the sun went dull and lightless; a great wind tore the ridge-beast finial from Xuanyang Gate. On guiyou he ordered Daxing Prefecture to pray for rain. On wuyin he went to Taiji Palace. An edict settled which emperors of former dynasties were worthy of state sacrifice. The Department of State Affairs reported: “Sacrifice to the Three Sovereigns, Five Emperors, and Four Kings already follows the three-year cycle. Sacrifice is fitting for seventeen rulers: Taikang of Xia; Taojia, Taiwu, and Wuding of Yin; Kings Cheng, Kang, and Xuan of Zhou; the Han Founding Emperor and Emperors Wen, Jing, Wu, and Xuan, Guangwu, Ming, and Zhang; and Tang’s Founding Emperor and Cultivated Emperor.” The court agreed. On yiyou rain was prayed for at the northern suburb. On dinghai he went to Wanning Palace. On renchen rain was prayed for at the altars of soil and grain. Liu Jia of the Xie’ao clan, assistant prefect of Liaoyang, memorialized to rank and criticize court ministers; one rank was stripped from him and he was dismissed. In summer, the fourth month, on bingshen, an edict fixed how magistrates and lesser officials were to be reviewed. On jihai rain was prayed for at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On gengzi the regulations on frontier passes against spies were tightened. On bingwu the law on dress was fixed. For the rain prayers, sacred peaks, town gods, and river lords were given distant sacrifice at the northern suburb. On guichou rain was prayed for at the altars of soil and grain. On jiayin, with drought unbroken, he issued a self-reproach edict, called for blunt counsel, left the main hall, ate sparingly and silenced music, thinned the imperial stables, and freed corvée and this summer’s tax in drought-hit districts. He sent envoys to review prisoners and right wrongful convictions. On yimao the chief ministers submitted a table offering to bear the blame. The reply edict said: “My virtue is at fault; Heaven has sent a sign. Each of you should hurry to your post and try to answer what I hope for.” On wuwu Western Upper Gate Commissioner Zhang Cheng and others were sent to conduct the imperial sacrifice for the late Goryeo king Wang Xi; Eastern Upper Gate Commissioner Shi Que and others were sent to Goryeo king Wang Yin with condolences, inquiry on the end of mourning, and lateral gifts. On gengshen rain was prayed for at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On renxu fire destroyed the main gate of Wanning Palace.

五月乙丑，祈雨於北郊。有司請雩，詔三禱嶽瀆社稷宗廟，不雨，乃行之。癸酉，平章政事徒單鎰、尚書左丞完顏匡罷。甲戌，雨。乙亥，百官上表請禦正殿，複常儀。乙酉，謝雨於宗廟。丁亥，報祀社稷。汰隨朝冗官。定省令史關決公務，詭稱已稟，擅退六部、大理寺法狀及妄有所更易者罪。辛卯，報謝嶽鎮海瀆。

In the fifth month, on yichou, rain was prayed for at the northern suburb. The offices asked to hold a rain dance; an edict ordered three rounds of prayer at the sacred peaks, rivers, soil-and-grain altars, and ancestral temple, and only if rain still failed might the dance be held. On guiyou Grand Councilor Tuodan Yi and Left Vice Director Wanyan Kuang were dismissed. On jiaxu rain fell. On yihai the hundred officials memorialized, asking him to take the main hall and restore the usual ceremonies. On yiyou thanks for the rain were offered at the ancestral temple. On dinghai report-sacrifice was made at the altars of soil and grain. Superfluous officials kept on at court were cut. Penalties were fixed for Secretariat clerks who decided public business yet falsely claimed approval, who on their own sent back legal papers from the Six Ministries or the Court of Judicial Review, or who altered them without warrant. On xinmao thanks were reported to the sacred peaks, town gods, and river lords.

六月壬辰朔，罷兼官俸給。壬寅，複行吏目移轉法。乙巳，始祭中溜。戊申，罷惠、川、高三州，秀岩、灤陽、徽川、咸甯、金安、利民六縣，及北京宮苑使。諸群牧提舉，居庸、紫荊、通會三關使，西北路鎮防十三千戶，諸路醫學博士。壬子，司天臺長行張冀進《天象傳》。秋七月丁卯，定申報盜賊制。戊辰，朝獻于衍慶宮。庚午，幸望京甸。壬申，如萬甯宮。甲戌，罷限錢法。甲申，改葬鎬王永中於威州。

In the sixth month, on the renchen new moon, pay for holding concurrent posts was abolished. On renyin the law on transferring clerk ranks was restored. On yisi sacrifice to the zhongliu spirit was first performed. On wushen the court abolished Hui, Chuan, and Gao prefectures; Xiuyan, Luanyang, Huichuan, Xianning, Jin’an, and Limin counties; and the Beijing palace-park commissioner. Also abolished were the herd commissioners-in-chief, commissioners of the Juyong, Zijing, and Tonghui passes, the thirteen chiliarch households of the Northwestern Route frontier guard, and route medical-doctor posts. On renzi Zhang Ji, chief clerk of the Directorate of Astronomy, presented the Treatise on Celestial Appearances. In autumn, the seventh month, on dingmao, the law on reporting bandits was fixed. On wuchen he made court offering at Yanqing Palace. On gengwu he went out to the Jingwang enclosure. On renshen he went to Wanning Palace. On jiaxu the limit-money law was abolished. On jiashen Prince Hao Yongzhong was reburied at Weizhou.

八月，大理丞姬端修、司直溫敦按帶論奏知大興府事紇石烈執中，坐所言不當，各削一官，罷職。丁酉，以尚書右丞相宗浩為左丞相，右丞僕散揆為平章政事，參知政事孫即康為尚書右丞，御史大夫僕散端為左丞，吏部尚書獨吉思忠為參知政事。庚子，詔完顏綱、喬宇、宋元吉等編類陳言文字，其言涉宮庭，若大臣、省台、六部，各以類從，凡二千卷。辛丑，以西京留守崇肅為御史大夫。癸卯，更定閣門祗候出職格。先是以天旱詔求直言。至是尚書省奏：「河南府盧顯達、汝州王大材所陳，言涉不遜，請以情理切害論其罪。」從之，仍遍諭中外。命諸路學校生徒少者罷教授，止以本州、府文資官提控之。丁未，以安州軍事判官劉常言，諸按察司體訪不實，輒加糾劾者，從故出入人罪論，仍勒停。若事涉私曲，各從本法。辛亥，還宮。乙卯，以知真定府事完顏昌等為賀宋生日使。丁巳，幸太極宮。弛圍場遠地禁，縱民耕捕樵采。減教坊長行五十人，渤海教坊長行三十人，文繡署女工五十人。出宮女百六十人。

In the eighth month, Dali Court Vice-Director Ji Duanxiu and Investigating Clerk Wendun Andai jointly impeached Daxing Administrator Heshenlie Zhizhong; for improper statements each lost one rank and was removed from office. On dingyou Right Chancellor Zong Hao became left chancellor; Right Vice Director Pusan Kuai became grand councilor; Participation Councillor Sun Jikang became right vice director; Censor-in-Chief Pusan Duan became left vice director; and Minister of Personnel Dusi Jisi became participation councillor. On gengzi he ordered Wanyan Gang, Qiao Yu, Song Yuanji, and others to compile memorials of blunt counsel; matters touching the court, great ministers, the Secretariat and Censorate, or the Six Ministries were to be sorted by category, two thousand scrolls in all. On xinchou Western Capital Defender Chong Su was appointed censor-in-chief. On guimao the standards for Inner Gate ushers’ exit appointments were revised. Earlier, drought had led him to seek blunt counsel. Now the Secretariat reported: 「Lu Xianda of Henan prefecture and Wang Dacai of Ruzhou spoke disrespectfully; please punish them under the statute for grave harm by reason and circumstance. 」The emperor agreed and had the decision proclaimed throughout court and realm. Where route schools had few pupils, teaching posts were abolished and only the local civil official of the prefecture or circuit was to supervise them. On dingwei, on Anzhou military judge Liu Chang’s memorial, surveillance commissioners who investigated without factual basis and then impeached were to be punished as for deliberate perversion of guilt and innocence and forced to retire. Where private bias was involved, each case was to follow the original statute. On xinhai he returned to the palace. On yimao Wanyan Chang and others were sent as envoys to congratulate Song on the emperor’s birthday. On dingsi he visited Taiji Palace. Bans on distant hunting preserves were relaxed so people could farm, hunt, gather firewood, and cut brush. The Music Office long-service corps was reduced by fifty, the Bohai Music Office corps by thirty, and Embroidery Office female workers by fifty. One hundred sixty palace women were released.

九月庚申朔，天壽節，宋、高麗、夏遣使來賀。丙寅，如薊州秋山。壬申，定屯田戶自種及租佃法。冬十月甲午，定私鹼法。丙申，詔親軍三十五以下令習《孝經》、《論語》。癸卯，至自秋山。甲寅，以提點尚衣局完顏燮為夏國生日使。

Ninth month, new moon on gengshen, Heavenly Longevity Festival: envoys from Song, Goryeo, and Xia came with congratulations. On bingyin he went to Jizhou Autumn Mountain. On renshen the law on garrison households’ self-cultivation and tenancy was fixed. In the tenth winter month, on jiawu, the private-salt law was fixed. On bingchen he ordered personal guards under thirty-five to study the Classic of Filial Piety and the Analects. On guimao he returned from Autumn Mountain. On jiayin Wanyan Xie, superintendent of the Imperial Wardrobe Bureau, was sent as Western Xia birthday envoy.

十一月丁卯，以殿前右副都點檢烏林答毅等為賀宋正旦使。癸酉，木冰，凡三日。丁丑，定收補承應人格。

In the eleventh month, on dingmao, Right Deputy Commander of the Palace Front Wulindada Yi and others were sent as Song New Year envoys. On guiyou trees were coated in ice for three days. On dingchou standards were fixed for recruiting attendants.

十二月己丑朔，新平等縣虸蚄蟲生。己亥，左丞相宗浩等請上尊號。不許。辛丑，敕陝西、河南饑民所鬻男女，官為贖之。乙卯，百官再表乞受尊號。不許。

Twelfth month, new moon on jichou: locust worms appeared in Xinping and other counties. On jihai Left Chancellor Zong Hao and others asked him to accept an honorific title. He refused. On xinchou he ordered the state to ransom sons and daughters sold by famine victims in Shaanxi and Henan. On yimao the hundred officials again begged that he accept an honorific title. He refused.

五年春正月己未朔，大雪。宋、高麗、夏遣使來賀。庚申，謁衍慶宮。乙丑，幸太極宮。丁卯，如光春宮春水。壬申，朝獻于衍慶宮。乙亥，詔有司：「自泰和三年郡縣三經行幸、民嘗供億者，賜今年租稅之半。」丁丑，次霸州。調山東、河北軍夫改治漕渠。

In year five, on the jiwei new moon of the first spring month, heavy snow fell. Envoys from Song, Goryeo, and Xia came with congratulations. On gengshen he visited Yansqing Palace. On yichou he visited Taiji Palace. On dingmao he went to the spring waters at Guangchun Palace. On renshen he offered at Yansqing Palace. On yihai he told the relevant offices: 「From Taihe year three, prefectures and counties that three times bore the costs of imperial tours shall receive half this year’s rent and tax. 」On dingchou he halted at Bazhou. Corvée from Shandong and Hebei armies was mobilized to repair the transport canal.

二月己丑朔，諭按察司：「近制以鎮靜而知大體為稱職，苛細而暗於大體為不稱。由是各路按察以因循為事，莫思舉刺，郡縣以貪黜相尚，莫能畏戢。自今若糾察得實，民無冤滯，能使一路鎮靜者為稱職。其或煩紊使民不得伸訴者，是為曠廢。」癸巳，定鞫勘官受飲宴者罪。己亥，如建春宮。甲寅，制盜用及偽造都門契者罪，視宮城門減一等。

In the second month, on the jichou new moon, he told circuit surveillance commissions: 「The recent rule praised calm officials who grasped the larger pattern as competent, and nitpicking officials blind to it as incompetent. Because of this, surveillance officials everywhere treated inaction as their duty and never thought to investigate, while prefectures and counties vied in greed and dismissal and none could be restrained. From now on, if investigation and impeachment prove true, the people have no unresolved wrongs, and a whole circuit is kept calm, that counts as competence. If officials are so troublesome and disorderly that the people cannot obtain redress, that is dereliction. 」On guisi penalties were fixed for interrogating officials who accepted banquets. On jihai he went to Jianchun Palace. On jiayin penalties were set for stealing or forging capital-gate passes, one grade below those for palace gates.

三月庚申，還宮。癸亥，更定兩稅輸限。乙丑，宋兵入秦川界。庚午，親王、百官請上尊號，不許。甲戌，諭有司，進士名有犯孔子諱者避之，仍著為令。命給米諸寺，自

In the third month, on gengshen, he returned to the palace. On guihai the payment deadlines for the two taxes were revised. On yichou Song troops crossed into the Qin River circuit. On gengwu imperial princes and the hundred officials asked to give him an honorific title; he refused. On jiaxu he told the relevant offices that jinshi candidates whose names tabooed Confucius must avoid the taboo, and had the rule written into law. He ordered grain issued to the temples, from

十月十五日至次年正月十五日作糜以食貧民。戊寅，罷獄空錢。辛巳，宋失入鞏州來遠鎮。唐州得宋諜者，言韓侂胄屯兵鄂、嶽，將謀北侵。

the fifteenth of the tenth month through the fifteenth of the first month of the next year, to cook congee for the poor. On wuyin the empty-prison fee was abolished. On xinsi Song forces mistakenly entered Laiyuan town in Gong prefecture. Tang prefecture captured a Song spy who reported that Han Tuozhou was concentrating troops at E and Yue and intended to invade north.

四月戊子朔，如萬甯宮。癸巳，命樞密院移文宋人，依誓約撤新兵，毋縱入境。壬子，定隨路轉運司及府官每季檢視庫物法。

In the fourth month, on the wuzi new moon, he went to Wanning Palace. On guisi he ordered the Bureau of Military Affairs to notify Song to pull back new troops under the treaty and not let them cross the border. On renzi regulations were set requiring circuit transport commissioners and prefectural officials to inspect storehouse goods each quarter.

五月甲子，以平章政事僕散揆為河南宣撫使，籍諸道兵以備宋。癸酉，詔定遼東邑社人數。戊寅，更定檢、知法勒留格。己卯，如慶甯宮。制司屬丞凡遭父母喪止給卒哭假，為永制。甲申，宋人入漣水縣。

In the fifth month, on jiazi, Grand Councilor Pusan Kui was appointed Henan Pacification Commissioner and troops from every circuit were mustered against Song. On guiyou an edict fixed the household rolls of Liaodong village communities. On wuyin the rules on retention under inspection and cognizance were revised. On jimao he went to Qingning Palace. A permanent rule was set that bureau subordinate assistant commissioners in parental mourning receive only leave through zu ku. On jiashen Song forces entered Lianshui county.

六月戊子，複漣水縣。丁酉，制定本朝婚禮。更定鬻米麵入外界法。己酉，制鎮防軍逃亡致邊事失錯、陷敗戶口者罪。甲寅，詔拜禮不依本朝者罰。召諸大臣問備宋之策，皆以設備養惡為言。上以南北和好四十餘載，民不知兵，不忍先發。

In the sixth month, on wuzi, Lianshui county was recovered. On dingyou the dynasty’s marriage rites were established. The law on selling rice and flour across the border was revised. On jiyou penalties were set for deserters from frontier garrisons who caused border failures and ruined households. On jiayin an edict punished those whose bows did not follow the dynasty’s rites. He summoned the chief ministers to ask how to prepare against Song; all urged strengthening defenses while tolerating Song’s provocations. The emperor said that north and south had been at peace for more than forty years, the people were unused to war, and he could not bear to strike first.

七月戊辰，如錦屏山。壬申，朝獻于衍慶宮。乙亥，宣撫使揆奏定奸細罪賞法。丙子，定圍場誤射中人罪。壬午，招諸縣盜賊多所選注巡尉。

In the seventh month, on wuchen, he went to Jinping Mountain. On renshen he offered court tribute at Yanging Palace. On yihai Pacification Commissioner Kui submitted rules for rewards and penalties on spies. On bingzi penalties were set for accidentally shooting someone in the hunting park. On renwu patrol inspectors and constables were specially selected and posted in counties with heavy banditry.

八月辛卯，詔罷宣撫司。時宋殿帥敦倪、濠州守將田俊邁誘虹縣民蘇貴等為間，河南將臣亦屢縱諜，往往利俊邁之賂，反為遊說。皆言宋之增戍，本虞他盜，及聞行台之建，益畏懾不敢去備。且兵皆白丁，自裹糧Я，窮蹙饑疫，死者十二三，由是中外信之。宣撫司以宋三省、樞密院及盱眙軍牒來上，又皆鐫點邊臣為辭。宣撫使揆因請罷司，從之。揆又奏罷臨洮、德順、秦、鞏新置弓箭手。

In the eighth month, on xinmao, an edict abolished the Pacification Commission. At the time Song palace guard commander Dun Ni and Shou prefecture defender Tian Junmai had induced Su Gui and others of Hong county as agents; Henan commanders also kept releasing spies, often bribed by Junmai and then pleading his case. All claimed Song’s troop buildup had first been against other raiders, but that once they heard a field headquarters was established they grew more afraid and would not ease their guard. Moreover the soldiers were all levied civilians carrying their own rations; worn down by hunger and plague, two or three in ten died, and thereafter everyone at court and beyond believed it. The Pacification Commission forwarded dispatches from Song’s Three Departments, Bureau of Military Affairs, and Xuyi army, each also blaming frontier officials in its wording. Pacification Commissioner Kui then asked to abolish the commission; the request was approved. Kui also asked to disband the newly raised archer units at Lintao, Deshun, Qin, and Gong.

閏月乙卯朔，罷典衛司。丙子，還宮。

In the intercalary month, on the yimao new moon, the Palace Guard Directorate was abolished. On bingzi he returned to the palace.

九月甲申朔，天壽節，宋、高麗、夏遣使來賀。戊子，西北方黑雲間有赤氣如火色，次及西南、正南、東南路方皆赤，有白氣貫其中，至中夜，赤氣滿天，四更乃散。以河南路統軍使紇石烈子仁等為賀宋生日使。戊戌，宋兵三百攻比陽寺莊，副巡檢阿雷根寺家奴死之。甲辰，宋人焚黃澗，虜巡檢高顥。冬十月庚申，以刑部員外郎李元忠為高麗生日使。丁丑，宋人襲比陽。唐州軍事判官撒睹死之。

In the ninth month, on the jiashen new moon, Heavenly Longevity Day; Song, Goryeo, and Xia sent envoys with congratulations. On wuzi red vapor like flame appeared between black clouds in the northwest, then spread through the southwest, south, and southeast, all red, pierced by white vapor; by midnight the sky was full of red vapor, which cleared only at the fourth watch. Henan circuit commander He Shilie Ziren and others were sent as envoys to congratulate Song on the emperor’s birthday. On wuxu three hundred Song troops attacked Biyang temple manor; the temple household slave of Deputy Patrol Inspector A’leigen was killed. On jiachen Song forces burned Huangjian and captured Patrol Inspector Gao Hao. In winter, the tenth month, on gengshen, Li Yuanzhong, vice director in the Ministry of Punishments, was sent as Goryeo birthday envoy. On dingchou Song forces raided Biyang. Tang prefecture military adjudge Sado died in the fighting.

十一月乙酉，宋人入內鄉，攻洛南之固縣，商州司獄壽祖追至丹河，擊敗之。己丑，乙太常卿趙之傑等為賀宋正旦使。癸巳，山東闕食，賜錢三萬貫以賑之。乙未，初定武舉格。丁酉，詔山東、陝西帥臣訓練士卒，以備非常。仍以銀十五萬兩分給邊帥，募民偵伺。複遣武衛軍副都指揮使完顏太平、殿前右衛副將軍蒲察阿裏赴邊，伺其入，伏兵掩之。戊戌，大雪，免朝參。己亥，更定宮中局、署承應收補格。宋吳曦擁眾興元，欲窺關、隴，皇甫斌益募兵擾淮北，所掠即以與之，使自為戰。

In the eleventh month, on yiyou, Song forces entered Neixiang and attacked Gu county in Luonan; Shangzhou prison inspector Shouzu pursued them to the Dan River and routed them. On jichou Zhao Zhijie, minister of rites, and others were sent as envoys to congratulate Song on New Year's Day. On guisi, because Shandong lacked grain, thirty thousand strings of cash were granted for famine relief. On yiwei standards for the military examination were established for the first time. On dingyou the court ordered the military governors of Shandong and Shaanxi to train their soldiers against emergencies. One hundred fifty thousand taels of silver were also allotted to frontier commanders to hire civilians for scouting. Wanyan Taiping, deputy commander of the Martial Guard Army, and Pucha Ali, deputy general of the Right Palace Guard, were again dispatched to the border to watch for enemy entry and set ambushes. On wuxu heavy snow fell and court attendance was excused. On jihai rules were revised governing recruitment and appointment of attendants in palace bureaus and offices. Song's Wu Xi massed troops at Xingyuan with an eye on Guan and Long; Huangfu Bin kept raising more men to raid north of the Huai and let them keep what they seized so they would fight for themselves.

六年春正月癸未朔，宋、高麗、夏遣使來賀。丁亥，宋使陳克俊等朝辭。遣御史大夫孟鑄就館諭克俊等曰：「大定初，世宗皇帝許宋世為侄國，朕遵守遺法，和好至今。豈意爾國屢有盜賊犯我邊境，以此遣大臣宣撫河南軍民。及得爾國有司公移，稱已罷黜邊臣，抽去兵卒，朕方以天下為度，不介小嫌，遂罷宣撫司。未幾，盜賊甚于前日，比來群臣屢以爾國渝盟為言，朕惟和好歲久，委曲涵容。恐侄宋皇帝或未詳知。若依前不息，臣下或複有雲，朕雖兼愛生靈，事亦豈能終已。卿等歸國，當以朕意具言之汝主。」辛卯，朝享于衍慶宮。丙申，宋興元守將吳曦遣兵圍抹熟龍堡，部將蒲鮮長安擊走之，斬其將。辛丑，更定保伍法。癸卯，始以沿河縣官兼管勾漕河事，州、府官兼提控。丁未，如春水。庚戌，宋人入撒牟穀。陝西統軍判官完顏摑剌、鞏州兵馬鈐轄完顏七斤約宋西和州守將會境上。俄伏發，為所襲，木波部長趙彥雄等七人死焉。摑剌馬陷淖中，中流矢，七斤僅以身免。

In year six, on the guawei new moon of the first spring month, congratulatory envoys arrived from Song, Goryeo, and Xia. On dinghai Song envoys Chen Kejun and others were received in farewell audience. Censor-in-chief Meng Zhu was sent to their quarters to tell Kejun and the others: "At the start of Dading, Emperor Shizong granted Song the standing of a nephew-state; I have followed his testament and kept the peace until now. Yet your state has repeatedly let bandits raid our borders, and for that I sent high ministers to pacify the armies and people of Henan. When your offices sent formal notices that frontier officials had been dismissed and troops pulled back, I looked to the empire as a whole, set aside petty suspicions, and abolished the Pacification Commission. Soon the bandits were worse than ever; lately my ministers have again and again said your state has broken the alliance — I alone, because peace has lasted so many years, have swallowed the affront. I fear the Song nephew-emperor may not know the full story. If things go on as before, or my subjects again press the point, though I love all the people, how can the matter simply end? When you return, you must report my meaning in full to your sovereign." On xinmao he offered court sacrifice at Yanqing Palace. On bingshen Wu Xi, Song commander at Xingyuan, sent troops to besiege Mosulong Fort; subordinate commander Puxian Chang'an beat them back and beheaded their general. On xinchou the mutual-security-group law was revised. On guimao county magistrates along waterways were first ordered to handle grain-canal affairs concurrently, with prefectural officials placed in overall charge. On dingwei he went to the spring waters. On gengxu Song troops entered Samugu Valley. Shaanxi army supervisor Wanyan Wala and Gongzhou military superintendent Wanyan Qijin arranged to meet the Song garrison commander of Xihe prefecture on the border. Suddenly hidden troops struck; they were ambushed, and seven men including Mubo chief Zhao Yanxiong were killed. Wala's horse sank in bog; he was hit by an arrow, and Qijin barely escaped alive.

二月甲戌，禦史中丞孟鑄言：「提刑改為按察司，又差官覆察，權削而望輕，非便。」參知政事賈鉉曰：「按察司既差監察體訪，複遣官覆察之，誠為繁冗。請自今差監察時即遣官與俱，更不覆察。」從之。

In the second month, on jiaxu, Vice Censor-in-chief Meng Zhu said: "When the intendant of punishments was changed to the surveillance commission and officials were again sent to re-inspect, authority was cut and standing lowered — that is not advantageous. Participation councillor Jia Xuan said: "The surveillance commission already sends investigating inspectors; dispatching another officer to re-inspect is truly burdensome. From now on, when inspectors are sent out, let an official go with them and do away with re-inspection. The court approved.

三月甲午，尚書省奏，商州刺史烏古論袞州請賻押軍官與南兵戰沒者，又奏遷右振肅蒲察五斤官，皆從之。明昌初，五斤嘗為奉禦，出使山東，至河間，以百姓饑，輒移提刑司開倉賑之，還具以聞。上初甚悅。太傅徒單克寧言：「陛下始親大政，不宜假近侍人權，乞正專擅之罪。」詔杖之二十。克寧又以為言，乃罷之。後上思之，由泰州都軍召為振肅。己亥，如萬甯宮。甲辰，敕尚書省：「祖父母、父母無人侍養，而子孫遠遊至經歲者，甚傷風化，雖舊有徒二年之罪，似涉太輕。其考前律，再議以聞。」己酉，宋人攻靈璧，南京按察使行部至縣，匿民捨得免。

In the third month, on jiawu, the Ministry of Revenue reported that Shangzhou Prefect Wugulun Gunzhou had asked burial gifts for escort officers killed fighting southern troops, and also recommended promoting Right Zhengsu Pucha Wujin — all approved. Early in Mingchang, Wujin had served as palace attendant; sent to Shandong he reached Hejian, saw the people starving, and at once ordered the intendant commission to open granaries for relief, then reported everything on his return. At first the emperor was greatly pleased. Grand Mentor Tushan Keming said: "Your Majesty has only lately assumed personal rule; you ought not grant power to nearby attendants — I ask that the offense of acting on your own authority be punished. An edict ordered him beaten twenty strokes. When Keming spoke again, Wujin was removed from office. Later the emperor remembered him and recalled him from Taizhou army commander to Right Zhengsu. On jihai he went to Wanning Palace. An edict to the Ministry of Revenue: "Where grandparents and parents have no one to care for them while descendants travel far away for a year or more, custom is gravely harmed; though the old penalty was two years' penal servitude, it seems too light. Review earlier statutes and deliberate again before reporting." On jiyou Song troops attacked Lingbi; the Nanjing surveillance commissioner was touring the county and escaped by hiding in a commoner's house.

四月丙辰，宋人圍壽春。壽春告急於亳，同知防禦使賢聖奴將步騎六百赴之，乃退。癸亥，尚書省奏：「河南統軍司言，統軍使紇石烈子仁等遣嚴整、閻忠、周秀輩入襄陽。覘敵陰事。還言皇甫斌遣兵四萬規取鄧，以我叛人田元為鄉導，三萬人規取唐，以張真、張勝為鄉導，俱授統領官，故不敢無備。乃聚鄭、汝、陽翟之兵于昌武，以南京副留守兼兵馬副都總管紇石烈毅統之，聚亳、陳、襄邑之兵於歸德，以河南路副統軍徒單鐸統之，而自以所部兵駐汴。及擬山東東、西路軍七千付統軍紇石烈執中駐大名，河北東、西路軍萬七千屯河南，皆給以馬，有老弱者易其人。」皆從之。甲子，宋人攻天水界，乙丑，入東柯穀，部將劉鐸戰敗之。丙寅，詔平章政事僕散揆領行省于汴，許以便宜從事。升諸道統軍司為兵馬都統府，以山東東、西路統軍使紇石烈執中為山東西路兵馬都統使，定海軍節度使、副都統軍使完顏撒剌副之，陝西統軍使充為陝西五路兵馬都統使，通遠軍節度使胡沙、知臨洮府事石抹仲溫副之。河南皆聽揆節制如故。盡征諸道籍兵。辛未，宋吳曦攻來遠鎮之蘭家嶺。丙子，招內外職官納馬各有數。丁丑，宋人入新息、內鄉，又入泗州。戊寅，入褒信。己卯，入虹縣。庚辰，入潁上。

In the fourth month, on bingchen, Song forces besieged Shouchun. Shouchun sent urgent word to Bo; Associate Defense Commissioner Xiansheng Nu led six hundred foot and horse to the rescue, and the besiegers withdrew. On guihai the Ministry of Revenue reported: "The Henan Army Command says army commander Heshilie Ziren and others sent Yan Zheng, Yan Zhong, Zhou Xiu, and the like into Xiangyang to spy on the enemy's secret plans. They returned saying Huangfu Bin would send forty thousand men to seize Deng, using our defector Tian Yuan as guide, and thirty thousand to seize Tang with Zhang Zhen and Zhang Sheng as guides, all given command — so we dare not be caught unready. Forces from Zheng, Ru, and Yangdi were massed at Changwu under Nanjing Deputy Commissioner and Deputy Army Chief Heshilie Yi; forces from Bo, Chen, and Xiangyi at Guide under Henan Route Deputy Army Commander Tushan Duo; and he himself stationed his own troops at Bian. Seven thousand men from Shandong East and West circuits were placed under army commander Heshilie Zhizhong at Daming, and seventeen thousand from Hebei East and West circuits were posted in Henan, all supplied with horses and with the old or weak replaced. All was approved. On jiazi Song troops struck the Tianshui frontier; on yichou they entered Eastern Ke Valley, and subordinate commander Liu Duo beat them back. On bingyin the court ordered Grand Councilor Pusan Kui to head the Branch Secretariat at Bian and granted him discretionary powers. Every circuit Army Command was promoted to a Cavalry-and-Infantry Grand Unified Command; Shandong East and West Route army commander Heshilie Zhizhong became commander of the Shandong East and West grand unified command, with Dinghai Army jiedushi and deputy unified army commander Wanyan Sala as his deputy; Shaanxi army commander Chong became commander of the Shaanxi Five Routes grand unified command, with Tongyuan Army jiedushi Hu Sha and Lintao intendant Shimo Zhongwen as his deputies. Henan continued under Kui’s command as before. Registered soldiers from every circuit were called up in full. On xinwei Wu Xi of Song attacked Lanjia Ridge at Laiyuan town. On bingzi court and local officials were ordered to supply horses in set quotas. On dingchou Song troops entered Xinxi and Neixiang and again crossed into Sizhou. On wuyin they entered Baoxin. On jimao they entered Hong county. On gengchen they entered Yingshang.

五月壬午，宋李爽圍壽州，田俊邁入蘄縣，秦詵攻蔡州。防禦使完顏佛住敗之。又入金城海口，殺長山尉，執二巡檢以去。甲申，太白晝見。丙戌，以宋叛盟出師，告於天地太廟社稷。丁亥，親告于衍慶宮。戊子，平章政事僕散揆兼左副元帥，陝西兵馬都統使充為元帥右監軍，知真定府事烏古論誼為元帥左都監。辛卯，以征南詔中外。賜唐州刺史吾古孫兀屯、總押鄧州軍馬事完顏江山爵各二級，蔡州防禦使完顏佛住爵一級，餘賞賚有差。又以非嚴整上變，必為所誤，授整嵩州巡檢使，賜爵八級，錢二百萬。上以宋兵方熾，東北新調之兵未集，河南之眾不足支，命河北、大名、北京、天山之兵萬五千屯真定、河間、清、獻等以為應。壬辰，諭尚書省：「今國家多故，凡言軍國利害，五品以上官以次奏陳，朕將親問之。六品以下則具帖子以進。」癸巳，山東路災，赦死罪已下。以樞密副使完顏匡為右副元帥。宋田俊邁攻宿州，安國軍節度副使納蘭邦烈等出兵擊之。邦烈中流矢，宋郭悼、李汝翼參眾繼至，遂圍宿州。壬寅，納蘭邦烈等擊敗之，俊邁退保於蘄。癸卯，執俊邁於蘄。甲辰，皇甫斌攻唐州，刺史吾古孫兀屯拒之。行省遣泌陽副巡檢納合軍勝來援，遂擊敗之。庚戌，太白經天。

In the fifth month, on renwu, Song's Li Shuang besieged Shouzhou, Tian Junmai entered Qi county, and Qin Shen attacked Caizhou. Defense Commissioner Wanyan Fozhu beat them off. They also entered the Jincheng sea mouth, killed the Changshan sheriff, took two inspectors captive, and withdrew. On jiashen Venus was visible by day. On bingxu, because Song had broken the treaty, the court took the field and announced the campaign to Heaven and Earth, the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and the Altar of Soil and Grain. On dinghai the emperor made the announcement in person at Yanqing Palace. On wuzi Grand Councilor Pusan Kui was also appointed left deputy grand marshal; Shaanxi Cavalry-and-Infantry Commander Chong became the marshal's right army supervisor; and Zhending intendant Wugulun Yi became the marshal's left army supervisor. On xinmao the edict for the southern campaign was announced to the whole empire. Tangzhou Prefect Wugusun Wutun and overall commander of Dengzhou forces Wanyan Jiangshan were each raised two noble ranks; Caizhou Defense Commissioner Wanyan Fozhu one rank; and the rest were rewarded in varying measure. Moreover, but for Yan Zheng's intelligence report the court would surely have been misled; he was made Songzhou surveillance commissioner, enfeoffed at the eighth rank, and given two million cash. With Song forces surging, northeastern reinforcements not yet gathered, and Henan too weak to hold the line, fifteen thousand men from Hebei, Daming, Beijing, and Tianshan were posted at Zhending, Hejian, Qing, Xian, and nearby places as a reserve. On renchen he told the Masters of Writing: "The realm is in crisis; on any matter of military or state interest, fifth-rank officials and above shall present reports in order, and I will hear them myself. Sixth-rank officials and below shall submit written memos." On guisi Shandong suffered disaster and an amnesty was granted through crimes short of death. Privy Council Vice Commissioner Wanyan Kuang was appointed right deputy grand marshal. Tian Junmai of Song attacked Suzhou; An'guo Army Deputy Jiedushi Nalan Banglei and others marched out to meet him. Banglei took a stray arrow; Guo Dao and Li Ruyi of Song brought up the main body and laid siege to Suzhou. On renchen Nalan Banglei and his men routed them, and Junmai fell back on Qi. On guimao Junmai was taken prisoner at Qi. On jiachen Huangfu Bin attacked Tangzhou; Prefect Wugusun Wutun resisted. The Branch Secretariat dispatched Biyang Deputy Surveillance Commissioner Nahe Junsheng to the rescue, and the Jin forces beat them back. On gengxu Venus crossed the heavens.

六月辛亥朔，左丞僕散端以母憂罷。平章政事揆報蘄之捷，並送所獲宋將田俊邁至闕。上降詔褒諭，賜紇石烈貞、納蘭邦烈、史扢搭等爵賞有差。宋將李爽以兵圍壽州，刺史徒單羲拒守，逾月不能下。壬子，河南統軍判官乞住及買哥等以兵來援，羲出兵應之，爽大敗，同知軍州事蒲烈古中流矢死。乙卯，初置急遞鋪，腰鈴轉遞，日行三百里，非軍期、河防不許起馬。定軍前差發受贓罪。除飛蝗入境雖不損苗稼亦坐罪法。丁巳，詔彰德府，宋韓侂胄祖琦墳毋得損壞，仍禁樵采。庚申，右翼都統完顏賽不敗宋曹統制于溱水。辛酉，詔有司，有宋宗族所居，各具以聞。長官常加提控。壬戌，平章政事揆報壽州之捷。戊辰，詔升壽州為防禦，免今年租稅諸科名錢，釋死罪以下。以徒單羲為防禦使。贈蒲烈古昭勇大將軍，賜錢三百貫，官其子圖剌。擢乞住同知昌武軍節度使事，買哥河南路統軍判官。都統賽不、副統蒲鮮萬奴各進爵一級，賜金幣有差。辛未，木星晝見，至七月戊申，經天。乙亥，宋吳曦攻鹽川，戍將完顏王喜敗之。秋七月癸未，宋商榮複攻東海，縣令完顏卞僧複敗之。還，中伏矢死，贈海州刺史，以銀五百兩，絹百匹給其家，仍官其一子。甲申，朝獻于衍慶宮。丁亥，敕翰林直學士陳大任妨本職專修《遼史》。甲午，宋統制戚春以舟師攻邳州，刺史完顏從正敗之，春赴水死，斬其副夏統制。吳曦兵五萬入秦州，陝西路都統副使承裕等敗之。丙申，夏國王李純佑廢，侄安全立，遣使奉表來告。詔禁賣馬入外境，但至界欲賣而為所捕即論死。

In the sixth month, on the xinhai new moon, Left Vice Director Pusan Duan resigned to observe mourning for his mother. Grand Councilor Kui reported the victory at Qi and forwarded the captured Song commander Tian Junmai to the capital. The emperor sent down a commendatory edict; Heshilie Zhen, Nalan Banglei, Shi Geda, and the rest were given noble ranks and rewards in varying measure. Song commander Li Shuang besieged Shouzhou with his army; Prefect Tushan Xi held out, and for more than a month the city would not yield. On renzi Henan Army Command Judge Wulinda Qizhu and Maige and others arrived with reinforcements; Xi marched out to meet them; Shuang was crushed, and army-and-prefecture vice administrator Puliegu was killed by a stray arrow. On yimao express relay stations were set up for the first time, with waist-bell relays covering three hundred li a day; horses might be pressed into service only for military deadlines and river works. Penalties were set for taking bribes in advance army assignments. The statute punishing officials when locusts entered the border even without crop damage was repealed. On dingsi Zhangde prefecture was told that the tomb of Han Qi, Han Tuozhou's ancestor, must be left intact and that logging there was forbidden. On gengshen Right Wing Unified Commander Wanyan Saibu routed Song Military Commissioner Cao on the Zhen River. On xinyou the court ordered the relevant offices to list every locality where Song imperial clansmen lived. Senior officials were to supervise them closely. On renxu Grand Councilor Kui reported the victory at Shouzhou. On wuchen Shouzhou was raised to a defense command, this year's rents, taxes, and assorted levies were remitted, and prisoners down to capital offenses were pardoned. Tushan Xi was appointed defense commissioner. Puliegu was posthumously made General of Brave Valor, given three hundred strings of cash, and his son Tula was granted an official post. Wulinda Qizhu was promoted to associate administrator of Changwu Army-and-Prefecture affairs, and Maige was made judge of the Henan Route Army Command. Commander-in-chief Saibu and deputy commander Puxian Wannu were each raised one noble rank and given gold and coin rewards in varying amounts. On xinwei Jupiter appeared by day and remained visible until it crossed the sky on wushen in the seventh month. On yihai Wu Xi of Song attacked Yanchuan; garrison commander Wanyan Wangxi beat him off. In autumn, on guiwei of the seventh month, Song's Shang Rong again attacked Donghai; magistrate Wanyan Biansengfu again routed him. On the way back he was killed by an ambush arrow; he was posthumously made prefect of Haizhou, his family given five hundred taels of silver and one hundred bolts of silk, and one son granted an official post. On jiashen the court presented sacrifice at Yansqing Palace. On dinghai the emperor ordered Hanlin direct academician Chen Daren excused from his regular duties to compile the History of Liao full time. On jiawu Song commander Qi Chun attacked Pizhou with a fleet; prefect Wanyan Congzheng defeated him; Chun threw himself into the water and died, and his deputy Commander Xia was beheaded. Wu Xi led fifty thousand men into Qinzhou; Chengyu, deputy regional commander of Shaanxi Circuit, and others routed them. On bingshen King Li Chunyou of Xia was deposed and his nephew Anquan enthroned; envoys came with a memorial announcing it. An edict banned selling horses outside the realm; anyone caught at the border about to sell was put to death.

八月庚戌，山東帥來報邳州之捷。辛亥，木星晨見。乙卯，以羌酋青宜可為壘州副都總管。己未，太白晝見。丙寅，左丞僕散端起複前職。詔設平南諸將軍。辛未，宋程松襲取方山原，蒲察貞破走之。壬申，太白晝見，經天。甲戌，至自萬甯宮。乙亥，赦唐、鄧、潁、蔡、宿、泗六州，免來年租稅三分之一。

In the eighth month, on gengxu, the Shandong commander reported the victory at Pizhou. On xinhai Jupiter appeared at dawn. On yimao the Qiang chieftain Qingyike was appointed deputy overall commander of Lei Prefecture. On jiwei Venus was seen by day. On bingyin Left Censor Pusan Duan returned to his former office. An edict created the posts of generals for pacifying the south. On xinwei Song's Cheng Song took Fangshanyuan; Pucha Zhen routed him. On renshen Venus was seen by day and crossed the sky. On jiaxu he returned from Wanning Palace. On yihai an amnesty was proclaimed for Tang, Deng, Ying, Cai, Su, and Si, and one-third of the next year's land tax and corvée levies was remitted.

九月己卯朔，天壽節，高麗遣使來賀。辛巳，元帥右都監蒲察貞取和尚原，臨洮蕃部遵寧獻芻粟、戰馬以助軍。乙酉，將五鼓，北方有赤白氣數道，起于王良之下，行至北斗開陽、搖光之東。丙戌，幸香山。庚寅，敕行尚書省，有方略出眾、武藝絕倫、才幹辦事、工巧過人者，其招選之。甲午，參知政事賈鉉乞致政，不許。戊戌，尚書左丞僕散端行省於汴。己亥，尚書戶部侍郎梁鏜行六部尚書事于山東。辛丑，遣尚書左司郎中溫蒂罕思敬冊李安全為夏國王。甲辰，宋吳曦將馮興、楊雄、李圭等入秦州，陝西都統副使承裕等擊破之，斬楊雄、李珪。冬十月戊申朔，平章政事僕散揆督諸道兵伐宋。庚戌，揆以行省兵三萬出潁、壽，河南路統軍使紇石烈子仁以兵三萬出渦口，元帥匡以兵二萬五千出唐、鄧，左監軍紇石烈執中以山東兵二萬出清口，右監軍充以關中兵一萬出陳倉，右都監蒲察貞以岐、隴兵一萬出成紀，蜀漢路安撫使完顏綱以漢、蕃步騎一萬出臨潭，臨洮路兵馬都總管石抹仲溫以隴右步騎五千出鹽川，隴州防禦使完顏璘以本部兵五千出來遠。甲子，獵於近郊。

On the jimao new moon of the ninth month, the Heavenly Longevity Festival, Goryeo sent congratulatory envoys. On xinsi Marshal Pucha Zhen, right overseer, captured Heshangyuan; the Lintao tribesman Zunning sent fodder, grain, and war horses to support the army. On yiyou, near the fifth watch, several bands of red and white vapor in the north rose below Wangliang and stretched east of Kaiyang and Yaoguang in the Northern Dipper. On bingxu he went to Xiangshan. On gengyin the Mobile Secretariat was told to recruit men outstanding in strategy, unequaled in arms, able in affairs, or exceptional in craft. On jiawu Vice Administrator Jia Xuan asked to retire; the request was refused. On wuxu Minister of the Left Pusan Duan set up a branch secretariat at Bian. On jihai Vice Minister of Revenue Liang Tang handled the affairs of the Six Departments in Shandong. On xinchou Minister Left Division Director Wendantihan Sijing was dispatched to invest Li Anquan as king of Xia. On jiachen Wu Xi's generals Feng Xing, Yang Xiong, Li Gui, and others entered Qinzhou; Chengyu, deputy regional commander of Shaanxi, and others defeated them and beheaded Yang Xiong and Li Gui. In winter, on the wushen new moon of the tenth month, Senior Administrator Pusan Kui took command of troops from every circuit for the campaign against Song. On gengxu Kui marched thirty thousand branch-secretariat troops out of Ying and Shou; Henan Route army commander Heshilie Ziren thirty thousand from Wokou; Marshal Kuang twenty-five thousand from Tang and Deng; left overseer Heshilie Zhizhong twenty thousand Shandong men from Qingkou; right overseer Chong ten thousand Guanzhong men from Chencang; right overseer Pucha Zhen ten thousand Qi-Long men from Chengji; Sichuan-Han Route pacification commissioner Wanyan Gang ten thousand Han and tribal infantry and cavalry from Lintan; Lintao Route commander-in-chief Shimozhong Wen five thousand Longyou infantry and cavalry from Yanchuan; and Longzhou defense commissioner Wanyan Lin five thousand local troops from Laiyuan. On jiazi he hunted near the capital.

十一月戊寅朔，詔定諸州府物力差役式。壬午，完顏匡攻下棘陽。乙酉，詔屯田軍戶與所居民為婚姻者聽。丁亥，僕散揆克安豐軍，取霍丘縣。紇石烈執中克淮陰，遂圍楚州。己丑，尚書省奏，減朝官及承應人月俸折支錢。庚寅，完顏匡克光化軍及神馬坡。壬辰，僕散揆次盧江。宋督視江淮兵馬事丘灊遣劉祐來乞和。紇石烈子仁克定遠縣。乙未，完顏匡取隨州。丙申，紇石烈子仁克滁州。戊戌，詔諸路行用小鈔。完顏匡圍德安，別以兵徇下安陸、應城、雲夢、孝感、漢川、荊山等縣。庚子，日斜，有流星二，光芒如炬，幾及一丈，起東北沒東南。初定茶禁。完顏綱圍祐州，降之。宋丘灊遣林拱持書乞和。辛丑，完顏匡攻襄陽，破其外城。僕散揆克含山，蒲察貞克天水，紇石烈子仁徇下來安、全椒二縣。壬寅，完顏綱徇下荔川、閭川等城。癸卯，丘灊複遣宋顯等以書幣乞和。乙巳，完顏綱克宕昌。丙午，蒲察貞克西和州。

On the wuyin new moon of the eleventh month an edict set the formulas for property levies and corvée labor in every prefecture and district. On renwu Wanyan Kuang took Jiyang. On yiyou an edict allowed garrison colonists to marry people of the districts where they were posted. On dinghai Pusan Kui captured Anfeng Army and took Huoqiu County. Heshilie Zhizhong seized Huaiyin and then laid siege to Chuzhou. On jichou the Secretariat reported a cut in the paper-money supplement to the monthly pay of court officials and attendants. On gengyin Wanyan Kuang captured Guanghua Army and Shenmapo. On renchen Pusan Kui halted at Lujiang. Qiu Jin, Song's overseer of Huai-Jiang forces, sent Liu You to beg for peace. Heshilie Ziren took Dingyuan County. On yiwei Wanyan Kuang captured Suizhou. On bingshen Heshilie Ziren captured Chuzhou. On wuxu an edict required every circuit to circulate small banknotes. Wanyan Kuang besieged De'an and detached troops to overrun Anlu, Yingcheng, Yunmeng, Xiaogan, Hanchuan, Jingshan, and the rest. On gengzi, in late afternoon, two meteors flared like torches nearly a zhang long, rising in the northeast and vanishing in the southeast. Regulations for the tea monopoly were first promulgated. Wanyan Gang besieged Youzhou and the city surrendered. Song’s Qiu Tan sent Lin Gong with a letter begging for peace. On xinchou Wanyan Kuang attacked Xiangyang and breached the outer wall. Pushan Kuo captured Heshan, Pucha Zhen captured Tianshui, and He Shilie Ziren marched through and reduced Lai’an and Quanjiao counties. On renyin Wanyan Gang marched through and reduced Licchuan, Lüchuan, and other towns. On guimao Qiu Tan again sent Song Xian and others with letters and gifts to beg for peace. On yisi Wanyan Gang captured Dangchang. On bingwu Pucha Zhen captured Xihe Prefecture.

十二月丁未朔，完顏匡克宜城，僕散揆攻和州，史乂搭中流矢死。壬子，完顏綱次大潭縣，降之。蒲察貞克成州。癸丑，宋太尉、昭信軍節度使、四川宣撫副使吳曦納款于完顏綱。戊午，右監軍充攻下大散關。己未，紇石烈子仁克真州，丘灊複遣陳璧等奉書乞和。辛酉，右監軍充遣兀顏抄合以兵趣鳳州，城潰入焉。完顏綱遣京兆錄事張仔會吳曦於興州之置口。曦具言所以歸朝之意，仔請以告身為報，盡出以付之，仍獻階州。乙丑，初設都提控急遞鋪官。平章政事僕散揆班師。完顏綱以朝命，假太倉使馬良顯齎詔書、金印立吳曦為蜀王。戊辰，蒲察貞以西和、天水等捷來報。完顏匡進所掠女子百人。己巳，曦遣其果州團練使郭澄、提舉仙人關使任辛奉表及蜀地圖志、吳氏譜牒來上。壬申，詔完顏匡權尚書右丞，行省事、右副元帥如故。以紇石烈執中縱下虜掠，遣近臣杖其經歷阿裏不孫等，仍詔放還所掠。

In the twelfth month, on the dingwei new moon, Wanyan Kuang took Yicheng; Pushan Kuo attacked Hezhou; Shi Yida was hit by an arrow in mid-river and died. On renzi Wanyan Gang encamped at Datang County and the county submitted. Pucha Zhen captured Chengzhou. On guichou Song Grand Marshal, military commissioner of the Zhaoxin Army, and Sichuan pacification vice commissioner Wu Xi defected to Wanyan Gang. On wuwu Right Army Supervisor Chong captured Great Scatter Pass. On jiwei He Shilie Ziren took Zhenzhou; Qiu Tan again sent Chen Bi and others with letters begging for peace. On xinyou Right Army Supervisor Chong sent Wanyan Chaohe with troops toward Fengzhou; the walls gave way and the army entered. Wanyan Gang sent Jingzhao registrar Zhang Zai to meet Wu Xi at Zhikou in Xingzhou. Xi set out in full his reasons for coming over to the court; Zai asked for his appointment papers as proof, and Xi handed them all over; he also offered Jiezhou. On yichou the office of director-general over express relay stations was first established. Chief Councillor Pushan Kuo withdrew his army. On court order Wanyan Gang had Taicang envoy Ma Liangxian bear the patent and gold seal to enfeoff Wu Xi as King of Shu. On wuchen Pucha Zhen reported victories at Xihe, Tianshui, and the like. Wanyan Kuang presented one hundred captive women. On jisi Xi sent his Guozhou regiment trainer Guo Cheng and overseer of Xianren Pass Ren Xin to present a memorial, maps of Shu, and Wu clan genealogies. On renshen an edict appointed Wanyan Kuang acting Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, while he continued as commissioner and Right Deputy Marshal. Because He Shilie Zhizhong had allowed his men to plunder captives, the emperor sent close attendants to cane his clerk Alibusun and others, and also ordered everything taken to be returned.

七年春正月丁丑朔，高麗、夏遣使來賀。完顏匡進攻襄陽。戊寅，敕宰臣舉材幹官同議南征事。辛巳，詔御史大夫崇肅、同判大睦親府事徒單懷忠、吏部尚書范楫、戶部尚書高汝礪、禮部尚書張行簡、知大興府事溫蒂罕思齊等十有四人同對於慶和殿。壬午，詔百官及前十四人同對於廣仁殿。甲申，朝獻于衍慶宮。乙酉，贈故壽州死節軍士魏全宣武將軍、蒙城令，封其妻鄉君，子俟年至十五收充八貫石正班局分承應，仍賜錢百萬。初，李爽圍壽州，刺史羲募人往斫敵營，全在選中，而為敵所執。敵令罵羲則免，全陽許，及至城下，反罵敵，遂殺之。至死罵不絕聲，故是有恩。戊子，召完顏綱赴闕。庚寅，僕散揆還駐下蔡而病。丙申，以左丞相宗浩兼都元帥，行省于南京以代揆。己亥，有司奏更定茶禁。辛丑，完顏匡取穀城。

In year seven, on the dingchou new moon of the first spring month, congratulatory envoys came from Goryeo and Xia. Wanyan Kuang again attacked Xiangyang. On wuyin an edict told the chief councillors to recommend capable officials to deliberate the southern campaign together. On xinsi an edict summoned Censor-in-chief Chong Su, Associate Director of the Great Muziqin Mansion Tushan Huaizhong, Minister of Personnel Fan Ji, Minister of Revenue Gao Ruli, Minister of Rites Zhang Xingjian, Administrator of Daxing Wendihan Siqi, and fourteen others in all to confer together at Qinghe Hall. On renwu an edict ordered all officials and the same fourteen to confer together at Guangren Hall. On jiashen he offered court sacrifice at Yanqing Palace. On yiyou Wei Quan, a Shouzhou soldier who died holding his post, was posthumously made Xuanwu General and magistrate of Mengcheng; his wife was enfeoffed as District Lady; his son Hou, at age fifteen, was to enter the eight-guanshi regular-bureau attendant roster; and one million cash was granted besides. Earlier Li Shuang had besieged Shouzhou; Prefect Yi recruited men to raid the enemy camp; Quan was chosen but was taken by the enemy. The enemy promised to spare him if he cursed Yi; Quan pretended to agree, but at the foot of the wall he cursed the enemy instead and was put to death. He kept cursing to the end; hence the court’s favor. On wuzi Wanyan Gang was summoned to the capital. On gengyin Pushan Kuo went back to camp at Xia’ai and fell ill. On bingchen Left Chief Councillor Zong Hao was also made supreme commander and posted as commissioner at Nanjing in Kuo’s place. On jihai the relevant offices reported on revising the tea monopoly. On xinchou Wanyan Kuang captured Gucheng.

三月戊子，幸太極宮。庚寅，詔撫陝西軍士。壬辰，初定蟲蝻生髮地主及鄰主首不申之罪。宋複攻破階州。癸巳，複攻破西州。乙未，宣撫副使完顏綱至鳳翔，詔撤五州之兵，分保要害，綱召諸軍還。庚子，以完顏匡為左副元帥。壬寅，如萬甯宮。甲辰，幸西園。夏四月壬子，遣宮籍副監楊序為橫賜高麗王使。癸丑，宋人攻破散關，鞏州鈐轄兀顏阿失死之。丙辰，以紇石烈子仁為右副元帥。戊辰，詔元帥府分遣諸將游奕淮南諸州。癸西，複下散關。

In the third month, on wuzi, he visited the Taiji Palace. On gengyin an edict ordered the Shaanxi troops to be comforted. On renchen penalties were first set for landowners on whose land locust broods appear and for neighboring landlords who fail to report them. Song forces again retook Jiezhou. On guisi they again retook Xi Prefecture. On yiwei Pacification Vice Commissioner Wanyan Gang reached Fengxiang; an edict pulled back the troops of five prefectures to guard vital points, and Gang recalled the armies. On gengzi Wanyan Kuang was appointed Left Deputy Marshal. On renyin he went to Wanning Palace. On jiachen he visited the Western Garden. In summer, the fourth month, on renzi, Deputy Palace Registrar Yang Xu was sent as horizontal-grant envoy to the king of Goryeo. On guichou Song troops captured San Pass, and Gongzhou Surveillance Commissioner Wanyan Ashi was killed. On bingchen Heshilie Ziren was appointed right deputy marshal. On wuchen the court ordered the marshalate to send its generals on roving patrols through the Huainan prefectures. On guiyou San Pass was retaken.

五月己卯，幸東園射柳。己丑，幸玉泉山。丙申，宋知樞密院事張嚴複遣方信孺以書至都元帥府，增歲弊乞和。四川安撫使安丙遣西和州安撫使李孝羲率步騎三萬攻秦州，圍皁角堡。朮虎高琪以兵赴之，七戰而解其圍。是月，放宮女二十人。

In the fifth month, on jimao, he went to East Park for willow-shooting. On jichou he went to Jade Spring Mountain. On bingshen Song’s Zhang Yan, grand councilor of military affairs, again sent Fang Xinru with a letter to the grand marshalate offering higher annual payments and suing for peace. Sichuan Pacification Commissioner An Bing sent Xihe Pacification Commissioner Li Xiaoyi with thirty thousand infantry and cavalry against Qinzhou and to besiege Zaojiao Fort. Shuhu Gaoqi marched to relieve the fort and, after seven engagements, lifted the siege. That month twenty palace women were released from service.

六月乙巳朔，詔朝官六品、外官五品以上，及親王舉通錢谷官一人。不舉者罰，舉不當者論如律。己酉，以山東盜，制同黨能自殺捕出首官賞法。戊午，烏古論誼為元帥左監軍，完顏撒剌為元帥左都監。乙丑，遣使捕蝗。秋七月庚辰，朝獻于衍慶宮。壬午，詔民間交易、典質，一貫以上並用交鈔，毋用錢。乙酉，敕尚書省：「自今初受監察者令進利害帖子，以待召見。」甲午，左副元帥匡至自許州。乙未，詔核西夏人口，盡贖放還，敢有藏匿者以違制論。

In the sixth month, on the yisi new moon, the court ordered officials of sixth rank and above at court and fifth rank and above in the provinces, as well as imperial princes, each to nominate one expert in fiscal administration. Failure to nominate was penalized, and unworthy nominees were punished under the law. On jiyou, with banditry in Shandong, the court set rewards for gang members who killed or seized fellows or came forward of their own accord. On wuwu Wugulun Yi became left inspector of the marshalate and Wanyan Sala left chief inspector of the marshalate. On yichou envoys were dispatched to hunt locusts. In autumn, the seventh month, on gengchen he offered court sacrifice at Yanqing Palace. On renwu the court ordered that private sales and pawns of one string or more must be paid in treasury notes rather than cash. On yiyou he instructed the Masters of Writing: “Hereafter, newly appointed surveillance censors must file memorials on public harms and benefits pending summons to audience.” On jiawu Left Deputy Marshal Kuang returned from Xuzhou. On yiwei the court ordered a review of Western Xia captives, all to be ransomed and released; concealment was to be punished as defiance of an edict.

八月戊申，宋張嚴複遣方信孺齊其主誓書槁來乞和。庚戌，割汝州襄城縣于許州。戊辰，至自萬甯宮。

In the eighth month, on wushen, Song’s Zhang Yan again sent Fang Xinru bearing his emperor’s draft oath text to sue for peace. On gengxu Xiangcheng county in Ruzhou was transferred to Xuzhou. On wuchen he returned from Wanning Palace.

九月甲戌朔，天壽節，高麗、夏遣使來賀。左丞相兼都元帥宗浩薨於軍。甲申，定西、北京，遼東鹽司判官諸場管勾增虧升降格。以尚書左丞僕散端為平章政事，封申國公，左副元帥完顏匡為平章政事兼左副元帥，封定國公。丙戌，獵於近郊。壬辰，還宮。戊戌，更定受制忘誤及誤寫制書事重加等罪。壬寅，敕女直人不得改為漢姓及學南人裝束。冬十月甲辰，詔應廕之家，旁正廕足，其正廕者未出官而亡，許補廕一人。辛亥，以武庫令朮甲法心為高麗生日使。丙辰，獵於近郊。己巳，詔定隨軍遷賞格。辛未，陝西宣撫使徒單鎰分遣副統把回海攻下蘇嶺關。是月，定南征將士功賞格。

In the ninth month, on the jiaxu new moon, the Heavenly Longevity Festival: congratulatory envoys came from Goryeo and Xia. Left Chancellor and Grand Marshal Zong Hao died at the front. On jiashen promotion and demotion standards were set for salt commissioners, vice-commissioners, and field superintendents in Dingxi, Beijing, and Liaodong. Left Vice Director Pusan Duan became grand councilor and was enfeoffed Duke of Shen; Left Deputy Marshal Wanyan Kuang became grand councilor while retaining his marshal’s post and was enfeoffed Duke of Ding. On bingxu he hunted in the near suburbs. On renchen he returned to the palace. On wuxu the court increased the graded penalties for mishandling edicts and for errors in copying imperial documents. On renyin the court forbade Jurchens to take Han surnames or to adopt southern dress. In winter, the tenth month, on jiachen the court ruled that where a yin-privilege family’s collateral shares were exhausted and the principal heir had died before office, one supplemental yin nomination might be made. On xinhai Armory Director Shujia Faxin was sent as Goryeo birthday envoy. On bingchen he hunted in the near suburbs. On jisi the court set standards for promotions earned on campaign. On xinwei Shaanxi Pacification Commissioner Tushan Yi sent Deputy Commander Ba Huihai, who captured Suling Pass. That month standards were set for rewarding merit in the southern expedition.

十一月癸酉，詔新定學令內削去薛居正《五代史》，止用歐陽修所撰。是日，都統押剌拔鶻嶺關、新道口，副統回海取小湖關、敖倉，進至營口鎮，遂取其城。丙子，宋韓侂胄遣左司郎中王柟以書來乞和，請稱伯，複增歲幣、犒軍錢，誅蘇師旦函首以獻。丙戌，上聞陝州防禦使紇石烈孛孫禁民糶，命尚書省罪之。壬辰，宋參知政事錢象祖以誅韓侂胄移書行省。甲午，獵於近郊。戊戌，參知政事賈鉉罷。詔完顏匡檄宋，函侂胄首以贖淮南故地。

In the eleventh month, on guiyou the court ordered the new school regulations to drop Xue Juzheng’s History of the Five Dynasties and use only Ouyang Xiu’s version. That same day Commander Yala Bahai seized Huling Pass and Xindao Pass; Deputy Commander Huihai took Xiaohu Pass and Aocang, pushed on to Yingkou town, and captured it. On bingzi Song’s Han Tuozhou sent Left Bureau Director Wang Nan suing for peace, offering to call himself the Jin emperor’s “elder uncle,” to raise the annual payments and army bounty again, and to execute Su Shidan and send his head in a box. On bingxu, learning that Shaanzhou Defense Commissioner Heshilie Beisun had banned the people from selling grain, the emperor ordered the Masters of Writing to punish him. On renchen Song Participation Councillor Qian Xiangzu notified the route headquarters that Han Tuozhou had been executed. On jiawu he hunted in the near suburbs. On wuxu Participation Councillor Jia Xuan left office. The court ordered Wanyan Kuang to notify Song that Tuozhou’s head must be sent before the former Huainan lands would be restored.

十二月壬寅朔，《遼史》成。丙午，以符寶郎烏古論福齡為夏國生日使。戊午，詔策論進士免試弓箭、擊球。庚申，以尚書右丞孫即康為左丞，參知政事獨吉思忠為右丞，中都路都轉運使孫鐸為參知政事。

In the twelfth month, on the renyin new moon, the Liao History was completed. On bingwu Talisman Officer Wugulun Fuling was sent as Western Xia birthday envoy. On wuwu policy-essay jinshi were excused from the archery and cuju examinations. On gengshen Right Vice Director Sun Jikang became left vice director, Participation Councillor Dusigizhong right vice director, and Central Capital Route Chief Transport Commissioner Sun Tuo participation councillor.

八年春正月辛未朔，高麗、夏遣使來賀。壬申，朝謁于衍慶宮。癸酉，收毀大鈔，行小鈔。以元帥左都監完顏撒剌為參知政事。乙亥，宋安丙遣兵襲鶻嶺關，副統把回海、完顏摑剌擊走之，斬其將景統領。丙子，左司郎中劉昂、通州刺史史肅、監察禦史王宇、吏部主事曹元、吏部員外郎徒單永康、太倉使馬良顯、順州刺史唐括直思白坐與蒲陰令大中私議朝政，皆杖之。癸未，如春水。丙戌，如光春宮。

In year eight, on the xinwei new moon of the first spring month, congratulatory envoys came from Goryeo and Xia. On renshen he attended court at Yanqing Palace. On guiyou large paper notes were recalled and destroyed and small notes were issued. Marshal Left Inspector Wanyan Sala was appointed participation councillor. On yihai Song’s An Bing raided Geling Pass; Deputy Commanders Ba Wanghai and Wanyan Wola repulsed them and killed their general, Commander Jing. On bingzi Liu Ang, director of the Left Office, Tongzhou Prefect Shi Su, Investigating Censor Wang Yu, Ministry of Personnel Clerk Cao Yuan, Ministry Vice Director Tudan Yongkang, Grand Granary Commissioner Ma Liangxian, and Shunzhou Prefect Tangguo Zhisi were flogged for privately debating policy with Puyin Magistrate Dazhong. On guiwei he went to the spring waters. On bingxu he went to Guangchun Palace.

二月乙巳，宋參知政事錢象祖遣王柟來，以書上行省，複請川、陝關隘。甲寅，如建春宮。庚申，諭有司曰：「方農作時，雖在禁地亦令耕種。」己巳，還宮。

In the second month, on yisi, Song Participation Councillor Qian Xiangzu sent Wang Song with a letter to the route secretariat again asking for the Sichuan and Shaanxi passes. On jiayin he went to Jianchun Palace. On gengshen he told the officials, "During planting season, even in forbidden ground they may farm.” On jisi he returned to the palace.

閏月辛未，諭尚書省曰：「翰林侍請學士蒲察畏也言，使宋官當選人，其言甚當。彼通謝使雖未到闕，其報聘人當行議擇。此乃更始，凡有禮數，皆在奉使。今既行之，遂為永例，不可不慎也。」甲戌，制諸州府司縣造作，不得役諸色人匠。違者准私役之律，計備以受所監臨財物論。甲申，定承應人收補年甲格。甲午，雨雹。定保甲軍殺獲南軍官賞。乙未，宋獻韓侂胄等首于元帥府。

In the intercalary month, on xinwei, he told the Secretariat, "Hanlin attendant-invitation academician Pucha Wuye said Song envoys ought to be drawn from men who have passed selection — he is quite right. Even though Song’s peace-thanks envoy has not yet arrived, their return embassy should be chosen now by deliberation. This is a new start: every point of ceremony rests with the envoys. Once we set the practice, it becomes a standing rule — take care." On jiaxu an edict forbade prefectures, circuits, and counties from pressing artisans of every category into construction work. Violators were punished under the law on private corvée, with replacement costs assessed as taking bribes from those supervised. On jiashen age standards were fixed for recruiting and enrolling palace attendants. On jiawu hail fell. Bounties were fixed for baojia militia who killed or captured Song officers. On yiwei Song delivered the heads of Han Tuozhou and others to the Marshal’s Headquarters.

五月丁未，禦應天門，備橫麾立杖，親王文武合班起居。中路兵馬提控、平南撫軍上將軍紇石烈貞以宋賊臣韓侂胄、蘇師旦首獻，並奉元帥府露布以聞。懸其首並畫像於市，以露布頒中外。丙辰，平章政事匡至自軍。己未，更元帥府為樞密院。癸亥，詔移天壽節於十月十五日。丁卯，遣使分路捕蝗。

In the fifth month, on dingwei, he held court at the Responding-to-Heaven Gate with horizontal banners and standing halberds; princes and the civil and military officials bowed in combined ranks. Central Route Military Controller and Pacify-the-South Commissioner-General Heshilie Zhen presented the heads of Song traitor-ministers Han Tuozhou and Su Shidan and reported with the Marshal’s Headquarters victory bulletin. Their heads and portraits were displayed in the market, and the bulletin was issued throughout the realm. On bingchen Grand Councillor Kuang returned from campaign. On jiwei the Marshal’s Headquarters became the Privy Council. On guihai the Heavenly Longevity Festival was moved to the fifteenth of the tenth month. On dingmao envoys were dispatched on separate routes to hunt locusts.

六月癸酉，宋通謝使朝議大夫、試禮部尚書許奕，福州觀察使、右武衛上將軍吳衡等奉其主書入見。甲戌，謁謝于衍慶宮。癸未，以許宋平，詔中外。免河南、山東、陝西等六路今年夏稅，河東、河北、大名等五路半之。丁亥，以元帥左都監烏古論誼為御史大夫。戊子，飛蝗入京畿。乙未，定服飾明金象金制。丁酉，以左副都點檢完顏侃為宋諭成使，禮部侍郎喬宇副之。秋七月戊戌朔，太白晝見。庚子，詔更定蝗蟲生髮坐罪法。乙巳，朝獻于衍慶宮。詔頒《捕蝗圖》於中外。戊申，宋使朝辭，致答通謝書及誓書于宋主。

In the sixth month, on guiyou, Song’s peace-thanks envoys — Palace Gentleman for Court Discussion and acting Minister of Rites Xu Yi, Fuzhou Observation Commissioner and Right Martial Guard General Wu Heng, and others — presented their ruler’s letter in audience. On jiaxu he offered thanks at Yanqing Palace. On guiwei, with peace granted to Song, an edict went out to the realm. Summer tax for the year was waived in Henan, Shandong, Shaanxi, and the other six circuits, and cut by half in Hedong, Hebei, Daming, and the other five. On dinghai Marshal Left Inspector Ugulun Yi became censor-in-chief. On wuzi locust swarms entered the capital region. On yiwei rules were fixed for bright gold and elephant gold on official dress. On dingyou Left Deputy Director of Palace Attendants Wanyan Kan was sent as envoy to announce the settlement with Song, with Vice Minister of Rites Qiao Yu as deputy. In the seventh month, on the wuxu new moon, Venus was visible by day. On gengzi the law punishing failure to control locust breeding was revised. On yisi he offered court sacrifice at Yanqing Palace. An edict issued the Catch-Locust Diagram throughout the realm. On wushen the Song envoys were received in farewell audience and carried back the reply to the peace-thanks letter and the oath text for their ruler.

八月壬申，更定遼東行使鈔法。癸酉，如建春宮。己丑，以戶部尚書高汝礪等為宋生日使。庚寅，如秋山。

In the eighth month, on renshen, Liaodong Route paper-note regulations were revised. On guiyou he went to Jianchun Palace. On jichou Minister of Revenue Gao Rulü and others were sent as Song birthday envoys. On gengyin he went to Autumn Mountain.

九月甲子，遣吏部尚書賈守謙等一十三人與各路按察司官推排民戶物力。乙丑，至自秋山。冬十月辛未，以吏部郎中郭郛為高麗生日使。辛巳，宋、高麗、夏遣使來賀。夏國有兵，遣使來告。癸未，更定安泊強竊盜罪格。辛卯，以軍民共譽為廉能官條附善最法。

In the ninth month, on jiazi, Minister of Personnel Jia Shouqian and twelve others were dispatched with each route’s surveillance commissioner to reassess household property assessments. On yichou he returned from Autumn Mountain. In the tenth winter month, on xinwei, Ministry of Personnel Director Guo Ye was sent as Goryeo birthday envoy. On xinsi congratulatory envoys arrived from Song, Goryeo, and Xia. Western Xia was at war and sent envoys to inform the court. On guiwei penalties were revised for harboring thieves and for robbery and burglary. On xinmao the law of best annual evaluations was amended so that officials praised by both soldiers and civilians ranked as incorrupt.

贊曰：章宗在位二十年，承世宗治平日久，宇內小康，乃正禮樂，修刑法，定官制，典章文物粲然成一代治規。又數問群臣漢宣綜核名實、唐代考課之法，蓋欲跨遼、宋而比跡于漢、唐，亦可謂有志於治者矣！然婢寵擅朝，塚嗣未立，疏忌宗室而傳授非人。向之所謂維持鞏固於久遠者，徒為文具，而不得為後世子孫一日之用，金源氏從此衰矣！昔揚雄氏有雲：「秦之有司負秦之法度，秦之法度負聖人之法度。」蓋有以夫。

Comment: Zhangzong ruled twenty years on Shizong’s long peace until the realm enjoyed modest ease; he ordered ritual and music, revised the penal code, and fixed offices until institutions and cultural models formed a generation’s pattern of governance. He repeatedly questioned his ministers on Han Xuandi’s matching of names to realities and the Tang performance-review system — aiming to outdo Liao and Song and stand beside Han and Tang; one may call him a ruler with the will to govern. Yet a concubine favorite dominated the court, no heir was named, the imperial clan was distrusted, and the throne passed to the wrong man. What he had called securing the dynasty for ages proved empty forms, good not even for his descendants for one day — from this the Jin house began to fall. Long ago Yang Xiong wrote: "Qin’s functionaries leaned on Qin’s statutes, and Qin’s statutes leaned on the sages’ statutes.” He had point indeed.

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