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卷十三 本紀第十三: 衞紹王

Volume 13 Annals 13: Wei Shaowang

Chapter 13 of 金史 · History of Jin
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Chapter 13
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1
殿 使 使 殿
Wei Shaowang—taboo name Yongji, childhood name Xingsheng, once taboo-named Yunji—during Zhangzong's reign, because of the taboo on Xianzong's name, received an edict changing yun to yong. He was Shizong's seventh son; his mother was Yuan Consort Li. Prince Wei stood tall, with a fine beard; he was frugal by nature and shunned ornament. In Dading year 11 he was made Prince of Xue. That year he was advanced to Prince of Cui. In year 17 he received a hereditary meng'an commission. In year 25 he was made grand marshal with ceremonial parity to the Three Excellencies. In year 26 he became director of the Secretariat. The next year he was made minister of justice. The year after that he became chief inspector of the palatial guards. In year 29 Shizong died and Zhangzong took the throne; he was advanced to Prince of Lu. He left mourning and was posted as military governor of Anwu Army. In the fifth month he reached Jizhou, thanked the throne for his appointment, and received a warm reply edict. In Mingchang year 2 he was advanced to Prince of Han. In year 4 he was reassigned to Xingping Army. In year 5 he was transferred to Qinnan Army. In Chengan year 2 he was made Prince of Wei. In year 3 he was assigned to Zhaoyi Army. In Taihe year 1 he was put in charge of Zhangde Prefecture. In year 5 he was put in charge of Pingyang Prefecture. At first Zhangzong had put Prince of Zheng Yongtao and Prince of Zhao Yongzhong to death; in time he came to regret it deeply. In year 7 he issued an edict restoring their former titles and bestowing posthumous names. Yongtao left no heir, so Prince Wei's son An Chen was made heir to Prince of Zheng. The edict to Prince Wei ran: "I think of Prince of Zheng, who threw away Heaven's law and breached the state's statutes, left to wither in the wild, and passed from sacrifice altogether. Years have gone by, and grief weighs on me. Kinship tugs at the heart. I cannot set the feeling aside. I have already ordered his old rank restored and a proper reburial. By the ancient rites, your son An Chen is made heir to Prince of Zheng to keep his sacrifices—take full heed of this." Thereafter he was posted as military governor of Wuding Army. In the eleventh month of year 8 he came to court from Wuding Army. By then Zhangzong had fallen ill with a cough; Prince Wei was ready to depart, but Zhangzong meant to keep him at court. Early in Zhangzong's reign he had loved his brothers dearly and set tutors and household officers in each prince's house to teach virtue. After Yongzhong and Yongtao were killed, he grew wary of the clan and turned the princes' tutors and household officers into overseers—rules were tight, and every coming and going at the gates was logged. Prince Wei was Yongtao's uterine younger brother—soft, ungifted, and mild—so Zhangzong held him dear. He had no son, and many uncles and brothers still lived; Zhangzong would raise none of them, wishing only to make Prince Wei heir—so when Prince Wei tried to leave, he was kept back. Soon Zhangzong was near death; Yuan Consort Li, palace attendant Li Xinxhi, and Grand Councilor Wanyan Kuang fixed the succession. Zhangzong died; Kuang and his party passed on the final edict and set Prince Wei on the throne. Prince Wei refused at first, then took the edict, raised the lament, and became emperor before the bier. Next day the hundred officials attended him in the Hall of Great Peace. An edict ordered every circuit, prefecture, and county to mourn the late emperor for seven days.
2
Da'an year 1, first month, on xinchou, a shooting star blazed like fire. It rose from the Celestial Market Enclosure, left a tail, and its path looked like a red dragon. On renxu the reign title was changed and a great amnesty was proclaimed. Yuan Consort of the Tudan clan was enthroned as empress.
3
調
In the second month, on the yichou new moon, Venus shone by day and crossed heaven. On renchen Zhangzong's inner woman Fan injured the child she bore for him; an edict told the court and the realm. Earlier Zhangzong had sent an edict: "Two inner women are with child; whichever bears a son shall be made heir." Then Grand Councilor Pusan Duan and others reported: "Palace Lady Jia should have weaned in the eleventh month; three months have passed since. Fan's term should have fallen in the first month. Physicians said the fetal breath was harmed; though her pulse stayed even under treatment, the fetus was already gone. Fan asks to shave her head and take the tonsure." Six imperial sons were made princes.
4
In the third month, on jiawu, rites at Daoling were completed and a great amnesty was proclaimed. An edict said: 「From now my name need not be written with full taboo continuity, and characters such as chang and yong need not be specially changed. 」Participation Councillor Pusan Duan was appointed right chancellor.
5
In the fourth month, on gengwu, Zhangzong’s Primary Consort Li shi and Palace Woman Jia shi were put to death. Participation Councillor Wanyan Kuang was appointed Minister of the Masters of Writing.
6
In the fifth month Goryeo sent congratulations on his enthronement. The Hongci examination was held.
7
In the seventh month he went to Haiwang Manor and mourned the Princess of Lu.
8
使
In the eighth month, on the Heavenly Longevity Festival, Song sent congratulatory envoys.
9
In the ninth month he went to Great Fang Mountain and offered at Ruiling, Yuling, and Daoling. The hundred officials begged that a crown prince be named; he refused.
10
In the tenth month Jupiter invaded the Left Law Enforcer asterism. On jimao he issued an edict admonishing and encouraging public morals.
11
西
In the eleventh month Pingyang was struck by an earthquake; a sound like thunder rolled in from the northwest.
12
In the twelfth month an edict on the Pingyang earthquake granted one year’s rent and tax exemption to households with three dead, the same to those with two dead or wounded, five thousand cash for burying the poor dead, and three thousand for the wounded. Minister of the Masters of Writing Prince Shen Wanyan Kuang died. Right Chancellor Pusan Duan became left chancellor; his elder brother Prince Yong of Ying, Yong Gong, was advanced to Prince of Qiao; and Censor-in-Chief Zhang Xingjian was made grand guardian.
13
西
In year two, on the gengxu new moon of the first month, a meteor burst from within the sun, basin-sized and blue-green, moving west; it swelled to wheel size with a tail many zhang long, sank into murk, struck the ground and rose again, and its light scattered like flame.
14
In the second month a guest star entered the Purple Forbidden Enclosure; its light scattered into the shape of a red dragon. A great earthquake struck; the sound was like thunder. Vice Minister of Rites Geng Duanyi was appointed participation councillor.
15
西
In the fourth month the court collated the Rites of Great Jin. In the north black vapor lay like a great road stretching east and west across the heavens. The rivers of Xu and Pi prefectures ran clear for more than five hundred li; the court reported it to the ancestral temples and altars of soil and grain.
16
In the fifth month he ordered Confucian officials to compile the Continuation of the Comprehensive Mirror.
17
西
In the sixth month a great drought struck. He issued an edict blaming himself and gave relief to poor people without food. A partial amnesty covered miscellaneous crimes in the Western Capital and Taiyuan circuits: death sentences were reduced one grade, and penal servitude and lesser punishments were waived. On bingyin there was an earthquake.
18
In the seventh month there was an earthquake.
19
使
In the eighth month there was another earthquake. On yichou his son Prince Zuo Congke was established as crown prince. On the Heavenly Longevity Festival Song sent congratulatory envoys. He hunted in the near suburbs. Western Xia invaded Jia Prefecture.
20
使 西
In the ninth month there was a great earthquake. On weimo he sought blunt counsel, recruited the bold, and comforted refugees. On gengzi he sent envoys to comfort the troops of the Xuande Pacification Commission. On bingwu the capital was placed under martial alert. He went out daily on inspection tours; the hundred officials begged him to hold court, and he refused. On xinhai the Xuande Pacification Commission was abolished. On guichou an edict comforted households harmed by war in the Central Capital, Western Capital, Qing, and Cang.
21
竿
In the eleventh month he hunted in the near suburbs. At the Central Capital, fire burst by itself inside the eastern canal at Great Compassion Pavilion and burned for more than ten days before dying out. South of the pavilion fire burst from a stone crevice under the execution pole; when anyone approached it went out, then flared up again, and this went on for another ten days. In the Central Capital fire burned commoners’ houses.
22
In the twelfth month, on the yimao new moon, the sun was eclipsed. That year there was great famine. Commoners were forbidden to spread rumors about frontier affairs.
23
使
In year three, on the yiyou new moon of the first month, envoys from Song, Goryeo, and Xia came with congratulations. Mars entered the Di asterism.
24
宿
In the second month, Mars trespassed against the Fang mansion. A great wind blew from the north, tearing off roofs and snapping trees; the inner and outer gates of Tongxuan Gate and of Donghua Gate were broken.
25
In the intercalary month, Mars trespassed against the Key-Lock star.
26
In the third month the Dabei Pavilion burned, and the blaze spread to private homes. Black vapor rose in the north, as broad and long as a great embankment, with three white streams running through it in the shape of dragons and tigers. The court requisitioned horses from the populace and ordered officials to supply horses according to rank.
27
西使 西 𤨠
In the fourth month our Great Yuan Founder, Genghis Khan, titled Align-with-Heaven, Opener-of-Fortune, and Expedited Martial, marched to attack. Northwestern Route pacification commissioner Nianhe Heda was dispatched to sue for peace. Grand Councilor Shuji Qianjiani and Participation Councillor Husha were put in charge of the branch secretariat to ready the frontier. Western Capital defender Hesheli Hushahu served as Bureau of Military Affairs commissioner. Participation Councillor Aotun Zhongxiao was appointed Right Vice Director of the Secretariat. Ministry of Revenue Director Liang Ce was appointed Participation Councillor. In the sixth month, on renyin, the rules for rewards and penalties on campaign were revised.
28
退
In the eighth month an edict praised the branch secretariat officials and ordered the troops comforted. Qianjiani and Husha pulled back from Fuzhou and encamped at Xuanping. Soldiers of the Henan Daming circuit deserted home; the court issued an edict to win them back.
29
𤨠
In the ninth month Qianjiani and Husha were routed at Huihe Fort, and Juyong Pass fell. Men were forbidden to leave the Central Capital gates at will. The Great Yuan vanguard reached the capital region; the Central Capital was placed under martial law. Participation Councillor Liang Ce was charged with pacifying the capital.
30
西
In the tenth month, at the first watch each night the eastern and northwestern sky glowed like a new moon and did not fade for a month. Mars trespassed against the Rampart formation. Shangjing defender Tudan Yi sent Vice Commissioner Wugusun Wutun with twenty thousand men to defend the Central Capital. Taizhou prefect Zhuhu Gaoqi encamped outside Tongxuan Gate. The emperor personally inspected the armies. The Xuande branch secretariat was abolished.
31
西 西 𤨠 𠇗
In the eleventh month Hao Zan of Henan, who had submitted remonstrance, was executed. Shangjing defender Tudan Yi was appointed Right Grand Councilor. The garrison troops in the capital were mustered by roster. Hesheli Hushahu abandoned the Western Capital and fled back to the capital, where he was made Right Vice Marshal and Acting Left Vice Director of the Secretariat. By then Dexing, Hongzhou, Changping, Huailai, Jinshan, Fengrun, Miyun, Funing, Jining, lands east to Ping and Luan, south to Qing and Cang, from Linhuang across the Liao River, and southwest to Xin and Dai had all gone over to the Great Yuan. Earlier Tudan Yi had asked to relocate the people of Huan, Chang, and Fu into the interior. The emperor trusted Liang Ce’s view and rebuked Yi, saying, “That would only shrink our own territory.” Once the Great Yuan had taken the three prefectures, the emperor regretted it. At this point Yi again asked to establish a branch secretariat at Dongjing against emergencies. The emperor, displeased, said, “Sending a chief minister for no reason will shake the people’s hearts.” Before long Dongjing fell, and the emperor was filled with regret. Right Vice Marshal Hushahu asked for twenty thousand men at Xuande; the court allowed only three thousand at Guichuan. Grand Councilor Qianjiani and Participation Councillor Husha were punished for the annihilation of their army; Qianjiani was struck from office, and Husha was demoted to Xianping circuit military commander. Wanhu Guatou encamped at Gubeikou.
32
西 宿
In the twelfth month five thousand Han soldiers from the two Shaanxi circuits were drafted for the Central Capital. Grand Preceptor Zhang Xingjian and Left Grand Councilor Pusan Duan stayed in the palace to discuss military affairs. Left Grand Councilor Pusan Duan was dismissed.
33
In the seventh month an easterly wind lifted a bolt of silk tens of zhang high, swirling like a dragon, and cast it down at Gongchen Gate.
34
In the eighth month, on Wanqiu Festival, no banquet was held because of the fighting.
35
西
In the tenth month a partial amnesty was granted for the Western Capital, Liaodong, and Northern Capital circuits.
36
西西
In the eleventh month drought relief was ordered for Hedong South, Nanjing, Shaanxi East, and Shandong West circuits and Weizhou.
37
In the twelfth month Xia king Li Zunxu thanked the court for his investiture.
38
西
In the first month of Zhi’ning year 1, famine relief was ordered for Hedong and Shaanxi.
39
In the second month an edict went out to comfort and reassure Liaodong. Wugulun Yi, administrator of Daming, plotted treason and was put to death.
40
In the third month the moon and Venus stood with the sun at once, barely a foot apart.
41
西
In the fifth month the court changed the reign era. An edict addressed the Khitan bands of Xianping Circuit who had risen in disorder. Hushahu was recalled as right deputy grand marshal and stationed three thousand Martial Guard troops outside Tongxuan Gate. Shaanxi was stricken with severe drought.
42
In the sixth month Xia troops raided Bao'an, killed the prefect, then struck Qingyang and killed the associate prefect. Xu Ding, minister of revenue, and Wang Weihan, minister of justice, were appointed participation councillors.
43
西 使使宿使 使
In the eighth month Left Vice Director Wanyan Yuannu took the field to ready the border defenses. An edict ordered graded rewards for officers and soldiers. A heavy fog blanketed the capital until broad day seemed twilight. Administration Vice-Director Fu Hai posted a separate force north of the city. On xinmao Hushahu forged an edict against traitors, lured Fu Hai in, killed him, and seized his command. On renchen he entered by Tongxuan Gate and slew Daxing Prefect Tushan Nanping and Ministry of Justice Vice Minister Tushan Monian west of Guangyang Gate. Fu Hai's son Fubao Shanyang and Commandant-in-Chief Shigu Nai rallied troops to fight back and fell in battle. Hushahu battered Donghua Gate and sent for the direct-guard centurion Dong'er and fifty-household chief Pucha Liujin; neither would answer. He offered hereditary meng'an standing and third-rank offices, yet they still refused. Chief Inspector Tushan Weihe was lowered by rope and escaped; guard Xielie smashed the lock and opened the gate. Hushahu entered the palace with soldiers, expelled the guards, filled their posts with his own men, and proclaimed himself regent grand marshal. On guisi he drove the emperor from the palace. He placed him in a plain carriage, sent him to his old residence, and held him under guard with two hundred Martial Guard troops. Inner Palace Left Lady Zheng, keeper of the imperial seals, heard of the upheaval and sat unmoving in the seal chamber, waiting for whatever came. Hushahu sent a eunuch to seize the seals. Lady Zheng said, "The seal belongs to the Son of Heaven. Hushahu is only a subject — what use has he for it?" The eunuch said, "The times have overturned; even the emperor may not survive — how much less a seal? You who serve in the palace should think first of saving yourself." Lady Zheng cried out in fury, "You who wait on the emperor have been favored beyond measure. When your lord is in peril you do not die for him, yet you would hand the seal to a traitor! I shall surely die, but I will never surrender the seal." She shut her eyes and would not speak again. When the eunuch left, Hushahu seized the Seal of Imperial Commands and forged appointments: Chounu as defense commissioner of Dezhou, Wugulun Duola as Shuntian Army military commissioner, Tushan Jinshou of the Direct Guard as Yongding Army military commissioner, and several dozen more of his faction, all quartered in the palace. He then had the eunuch Li Sizhong kill the emperor at the residence. He induced Attendant-in-Ordinary Heshang to write an urgent summons to his father, Vice Director Yuannu. When Yuannu marched in with troops, Hushahu killed father and son together.
44
使 宿
In the tenth month, on xinhai, Marshalate Right Army Supervisor Tuhu Gaoqi slew Hushahu in his own house. Hushahu was none other than Heshilie Zhizhong. Emperor Xuanzong then issued an edict stripping him of rank and title. Shigu Nai was posthumously made prefect of Shunzhou; Shanyang, associate military commissioner of the Shuntian Army. Those who had fought with them were rewarded by rank: thousand-households five hundred strings of cash, company commanders three hundred, common soldiers two hundred, each raised two grades; the families of the slain received posthumous grants. Dong'er was made general-in-chief of the Dragon-Tiger Guard and soon after promoted to bivouac advance general. Pucha Liujin was made general who pacifies the distance and commandant of the Martial Guard Army. Shigu Nai's son was still a child; the court granted an eight-picul stipend and ordered the offices to report when he turned fifteen. In Zhenyou year four an edict restored Prince Wei's posthumous title to Shao.
45
Appraisal: Within, Prince Wei Shaowang's rule was in disorder; without, his armies were broken — the omens of ruin were already clear. The sovereign was murdered and the realm shrank; the annals were lost, and after the court moved south they were no longer maintained. In Zhongtong year three of our dynasty, Hanlin Academician-in-Chief Wang He set out to write the history but could not recover events from the Da'an and Chongqing reigns. He gathered edicts of the day and turned to Dou Xiang, a former Jin Ministry of Revenue clerk of eighty-nine, still keen of eye and ear and able to recall old affairs — from him he obtained a little more than twenty entries. Astronomy Commissioner Zhang Zhengzhi transcribed sixteen records of portents; a household manuscript at Academician Zhang's home preserved five old items; former Jin Minister of Rites Yang Yunyi left forty daily notes and Old Chen thirty — all kept in the History Office. For all their number, two-thirds repeated one another. Only the accounts of Consort Li, Wanyan Kuang's conspiracy, Tugu Qianjianu's defeat, Heshilie Zhizhong's coup, and the eclipses, strange stars, earthquakes, and uncanny vapors agreed without conflict. Duplicates have now been compared and the clutter cut away. The Veritable Record of Zhangzong treats the earlier reign; the Veritable Record of Xuanzong treats what followed. From the memorial register kept by the Jin palace woman Dame Bright Heaven Wang, the episode of Lady Ziming defending the seal was recovered and set down here, so that its outline might still survive.
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