1
內命婦品
Ranks of Inner-Court Consorts with Noble Titles.
2
元妃、貴妃、淑妃、德妃、賢妃，正一品。 昭儀、昭容、昭媛、修儀、修容、修媛、充儀、充容、充媛曰九嬪，正二品。 婕妤，正三品。 美人，正四品。 才人，正五品。 各九員，曰二十七世婦。 寶林，正六品。 禦女，正七品。 采女，正八品。 各二十七員，曰八十一禦妻。 按金格，貞祐後之制，貴妃下有真妃，淑妃下有麗妃、柔妃，而無德妃、賢妃。 九嬪同。 婕妤下有麗人、才人為正三品。 順儀、淑華、淑儀為正四品。 尚宮夫人，尚宮左夫人、尚宮右夫人、宮正夫人、寶華夫人、尚儀夫人、尚服夫人、尚寢夫人、欽聖夫人、資明夫人為正五品。 尚儀禦侍、尚服禦侍、尚寢禦侍、尚正禦侍、寶符宸侍、奉恩令人、奉光令人、奉徽令人、奉美令人為正六品，司正禦侍、寶符禦侍、司儀禦侍、司符禦侍，司寢禦侍、司飾禦侍、司設禦侍、司衣禦侍、司膳禦侍、司藥禦侍、仙韶使、光訓良侍、明訓良侍、遵訓良侍、從訓良侍為正七品。 典儀禦侍、典膳禦侍、典寢禦侍、典飾禦侍、典設禦侍、典衣禦侍、典藥禦侍、仙韶副使、承和良侍、承惠良侍、承宜良侍為正八品。 掌儀禦侍、掌服禦侍、掌寢禦侍、掌飾禦侍、掌設禦侍、掌衣禦侍、掌膳禦侍、掌藥禦侍、仙韶掌音、祗肅良侍、祗敬良侍、祗願良侍為正九品。
The Primary Consort, Noble Consort, Virtuous Consort, Moral Consort, and Worthy Consort all held the senior first rank. The Shining, Cultivated, and Fulfilling ladies, beauties, and maids — nine offices in all, styled the Nine Consorts — held the senior second rank. The Talented Lady held the senior third rank. The Beautiful Lady held the senior fourth rank. The Accomplished Lady held the senior fifth rank. There were nine holders of each title, together styled the Twenty-Seven Hereditary Consorts. The Treasured Companion held the senior sixth rank. The Imperial Maid held the senior seventh rank. The Selected Maid held the senior eighth rank. There were twenty-seven holders of each title, together styled the Eighty-One Imperial Wives. Under the Jin code as revised after the Zhenyou period, the Noble Consort was followed by the True Consort rather than the Moral or Worthy Consort, while the Virtuous Consort was followed by the Graceful and Gentle Consorts. The Nine Consorts followed the same pattern of revision. Below the Talented Lady, the Graceful Lady and Accomplished Lady held the senior third rank. The Compliant Lady, Cultivated Splendor, and Cultivated Ceremony held the senior fourth rank. The Chief of Palace Affairs Lady and her left and right deputies, together with the Palace Rectitude, Treasured Splendor, Ceremonies, Wardrobe, Quarters, Revered Sage, and Supporting Wisdom Ladies, all held the senior fifth rank. The Ceremonies, Wardrobe, Quarters, and Rectitude Imperial Attendants, the Talisman Inner Attendant, and the four Bestowing Ladies held the senior sixth rank; the various Director Imperial Attendants, the Immortal Harmony Commissioner, and the four Instruction Good Attendants held the senior seventh rank. The Ceremonies, Provisions, Quarters, Adornment, Furnishings, Garments, and Pharmacy Superintendent Imperial Attendants, the Deputy Immortal Harmony Commissioner, and the three Reception Good Attendants held the senior eighth rank. The Ceremonies, Wardrobe, Quarters, Adornment, Furnishings, Garments, Provisions, and Pharmacy Manager Imperial Attendants, the Immortal Harmony Music Keeper, and the three Reverent Good Attendants held the senior ninth rank.
3
宮人女官職員品秩
Ranks and Posts of Palace Women with Official Duties.
4
皆同唐制。 尚宮二人，掌導引皇后，管司記、司言、司簿、司闈，仍總知五尚須物出納等事。 司記二人、典記二人、掌記二人，掌在內諸文書出入目錄，為記審訖付行縣印等事。 女史六人，掌職文簿。 司言二人、典言二人、掌言二人、女史四人，掌宣傳啟奏之事。 司簿二人、典簿二人、掌簿二人、女史六人，掌宮人名簿廩賜之事。 司闈六人、典闈六人、掌闈六人、女史四人，掌宮闈管鑰之事。 尚儀二人，掌禮儀起居、管司籍、司樂、司賓、司贊事。 司籍二人、典籍二人、掌籍二人、女史十人，掌經籍教學紙筆幾案之事。 司樂四人、典樂四人、掌樂四人、女史二人，掌音樂之事。 司賓二人、典賓二人、掌賓二人、女史二人，掌賓客參見、朝會引導之事。 司贊二人、典贊二人、掌贊二人、女史二人、彤史二人，掌禮儀班序、設板贊拜之事。 尚服二人，掌管司寶、司衣、司飾、司仗之事。 司寶二人、典寶二人、掌寶二人、女史四人，掌珍寶符契圖籍之事。 司衣二人、典衣二人、掌衣二人、女史四人，掌禦衣服首飾之事。 司飾二人、典飾二人、掌飾二人、女史二人，掌膏沐巾櫛服玩之事。 司仗二人、典仗二人、掌仗二人、女史二人，掌仗衛兵器之事。 尚食二人，掌知禦膳、進食先嘗，管司膳、司醖、司藥、司饎事。 司膳四人、典膳四人、掌膳四人、女史四人，掌膳羞器皿。 司醖二人、典醖二人、掌醖二人、女史二人，掌酒醴。 司藥二人、典藥二人、掌藥二人、女史二人，掌醫藥。 司饎二人、典饎二人、掌饎二人，女史二人，掌宮人食並柴炭之事。 尚寢二人，管司設、司輿、司苑、司燈事。 司設二人、典設二人、掌設二人、女史二人，掌帷帳、床褥、枕席、灑掃、鋪設。 司輿二人、典輿二人、掌輿二人、女史二人，掌輿傘扇羽儀。 司苑二人、典苑二人、掌苑二人、女史二人，掌苑囿種植蔬果。 司燈二人、典燈二人、掌燈二人、女史二人，掌燈油火燭。 尚功二人，掌女功，管司制、司珍、司彩、司計事。 司制二人、典制二人、掌制二人、女史二人，掌裁縫衣服篡組之事。 司珍二人、典珍二人、掌珍二人、女史二人，掌金珠玉寶財貨之事。 司彩二人、典彩二人、掌彩二人、女史二人，掌錦文緋彩絲帛之事。 司計二人、典計二人、掌計二人、女史二人，掌支度衣服飲食柴炭雜物之事。 宮正二人，掌總知宮內格式、糾正推罰之事。 司正二人，同掌。 典正二人，糾察違失。 女史四人。
These offices all followed the Tang system. Two Chiefs of Palace Affairs guided the empress and supervised the directors of records, speech, registers, and gates, while also overseeing the receipt and issue of all supplies needed by the five chief bureaus. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of records kept registers of all inward documents, reviewed them on completion, and forwarded them for stamping and dispatch. Six female clerks maintained the duty registers. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of speech, with four female clerks, handled announcements, transmissions, and presentations to the throne. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of registers, with six female clerks, kept the name rolls of palace women and their grain stipends. Six directors, six superintendents, and six managers of gates, with four female clerks, held charge of the palace gate keys. Two Chiefs of Ceremonies oversaw ritual and daily conduct and supervised the directors of archives, music, guests, and acclamation. Two directors and two managers of archives, two archivists, and ten female clerks were charged with the classics, instruction, stationery, and writing desks. Four directors, four superintendents, and four managers of music, with two female clerks, handled all musical affairs. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of guests, with two female clerks, directed guest audiences and guided participants at court sessions. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of acclamation, with two female clerks and two vermilion clerks, arranged ritual formations and set the boards for acclamation and obeisance. Two Chiefs of Wardrobe supervised the directors of treasures, garments, adornment, and arms. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of treasures, with four female clerks, kept the precious objects, tallies, and illustrated registers. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of garments, with four female clerks, were in charge of imperial clothing and head ornaments. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of adornment, with two female clerks, supplied cosmetics, bathing goods, towels, combs, and ornamental dress. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of arms, with two female clerks, oversaw the escort guard and its weapons. Two Chiefs of Provisions oversaw the imperial table, tasted food before it was served, and supervised the directors of provisions, brewing, pharmacy, and rations. Four directors, four superintendents, and four managers of provisions, with four female clerks, handled dishes, delicacies, and serving vessels. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of brewing, with two female clerks, were in charge of wine and fermented beverages. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of pharmacy, with two female clerks, handled medical supplies and treatment. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of rations, with two female clerks, supplied food and fuel to the palace women. Two Chiefs of Quarters supervised the directors of furnishings, carriages, gardens, and lamps. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of furnishings, with two female clerks, cared for curtains, bedding, pillows, mats, sweeping, and room arrangement. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of carriages, with two female clerks, maintained litters, umbrellas, fans, and feather insignia. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of gardens, with two female clerks, tended the parklands and their plantings of fruit and vegetables. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of lamps, with two female clerks, supplied lamp oil, fire, and candles. Two Chiefs of Works oversaw women's crafts and supervised the directors of manufacture, treasures, colors, and accounts. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of manufacture, with two female clerks, handled cutting, sewing, and weaving. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of treasures, with two female clerks, kept the gold, pearls, jade, and other valuables. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of colors, with two female clerks, were in charge of brocade patterns, crimson dyes, and silk fabrics. Two directors, two superintendents, and two managers of accounts, with two female clerks, disbursed clothing, food, fuel, and miscellaneous supplies. Two Palace Rectifiers had overall charge of inner-palace regulations and of correction, impeachment, and punishment. Two Directors of Rectitude shared the same authority. Two Superintendents of Rectitude investigated breaches of rule. Four female clerks assisted them.
5
皇后位下女職依隆慶宮所設人數，大安元年定。
The women's posts under the empress followed the staffing established for Longqing Palace, fixed in the first year of the Da'an reign.
6
司閨一員，八品。 掌宮內諸事並給散宮人俸給食料。 秉儀一員，八品。 丞儀一員，九品。 掌左右給事、宣傳啟奏、經籍紙筆之事。 直閣一員、司陳一員，九品。 掌帳幕床褥輿傘、灑掃鋪陳、薪炭燈燭之事。 秉衣一員、奉衣一員，九品。 掌首飾衣服器玩諸寶財貨，裁制縑彩之事。 掌饌一員，八品。 奉饌一員，九品。 掌飲食湯藥酒醴蔬果之事。
One Director of Inner Chambers held the eighth rank. She managed all inner-palace affairs and disbursed the salaries and food rations of the palace women. One Upholder of Ceremonies held the eighth rank. One Assistant of Ceremonies held the ninth rank. They supervised the attendants on the left and right, handled announcements and presentations to the throne, and kept the classics, paper, and brushes. One Attendant of the Pavilion and one Director of Arrangement held the ninth rank. They cared for curtains, bedding, litters, and umbrellas, handled sweeping and room arrangement, and supplied fuel, lamps, and candles. One Upholder of Garments and one Provider of Garments held the ninth rank. They kept the head ornaments, garments, vessels, curios, and valuables, and oversaw the cutting and dyeing of silk fabrics. One Manager of Provisions held the eighth rank. One Provider of Provisions held the ninth rank. They supplied food and drink, soups, medicine, wine, fermented beverages, and fruits and vegetables.
7
東宮官
Eastern Palace Officials.
8
宮師府。 太子太師、太子太傅、太子太保，正二品。 太子少師、太子少傅、太子少保，正三品。 掌保護東宮，導以德義。 海陵天德四年，始定制宮師府三師、三少、詹事院詹事、三寺、十率府皆隸焉。 左右諭德，為東宮僚屬。
Bureau of the Crown Prince's Tutors. The Crown Prince's Grand Master, Grand Tutor, and Grand Guardian held the senior second rank. The Crown Prince's Junior Master, Junior Tutor, and Junior Guardian held the senior third rank. They guarded the Eastern Palace and guided the heir through virtue and moral principle. In the fourth year of the Tiande reign under Emperor Hailing, the bureau was first given its formal structure, with the three grand tutors, three junior tutors, the household superintendent, the three directorates, and the ten guard commands all placed under its authority. The Left and Right Moral Instructors served as retainers of the Eastern Palace.
9
詹事院。 太子詹事，從三品。 少詹事，從四品。 掌總統東宮內外庶務。 左右衛率府率，從五品。 掌周衛導從儀仗。 左右監門，正六品。 掌門衛禁鑰。 僕正，正六品。 副僕，正七品。 僕丞，正九品。 掌車馬廄牧弓箭鞍轡器物等事。 掌寶二人，從六品。 掌奉寶，謹其出入。 典儀，從六品。 贊儀，從七品。 司贊禮儀。 侍正，正七品。 侍丞，正八品。 掌冠帶衣服、左右給使之事。 典食令，正八品。 丞，正九品。 承奉膳羞。 侍藥，正八品。 奉藥，正九品。 承奉醫藥。 掌飲令，正八品。 丞，正九品。 承奉賜茶及酒果之事。 家令，正八品。 家丞，正九品。 掌營繕栽植鋪設及燈燭之事。 司經，正八品。 副，正九品。 掌經史圖籍筆硯等事。 司藏，從八品。 副，從九品。 掌庫藏財貨出入之事。 司倉，從八品。 副，從九品。 掌倉廩出納薪炭等事。 中侍局都監，正九品。 同監，從九品。 掌東閣內之禁令、省察宮人廩賜給納諸物、轄侍人等。 左諭德、右諭德，正五品。 左贊善、右贊善，正六品。 掌贊諭道德、侍從文章。 內直郎，正七品。
Household Superintendentate. The Crown Prince's Household Superintendent held the junior third rank. The Junior Household Superintendent held the junior fourth rank. He had overall charge of all routine affairs within and without the Eastern Palace. The Left and Right Guard Commanders held the junior fifth rank. They commanded the perimeter guard, escort, and ceremonial insignia. The Left and Right Gate Inspectors held the senior sixth rank. They controlled the gate guards and the keys to restricted areas. The Master of Servants held the senior sixth rank. The Deputy Master of Servants held the senior seventh rank. The Assistant Master of Servants held the senior ninth rank. They were in charge of carriages, horses, stables, pastures, bows, arrows, saddles, bridles, and related equipment. Two Keepers of Treasures held the junior sixth rank. They received and held the treasures and strictly controlled their issue and return. The Superintendent of Ceremonies held the junior sixth rank. The Acclamation Officer held the junior seventh rank. He directed ritual acclamation. The Chief Attendant held the senior seventh rank. The Attendant Assistant held the senior eighth rank. They were in charge of caps, belts, and garments and supervised the attendants on the left and right. The Director of Provisions held the senior eighth rank. His assistant held the senior ninth rank. They received and served the dishes and delicacies. The Attendant Pharmacist held the senior eighth rank. The Provider of Medicine held the senior ninth rank. They received and dispensed medicine. The Director of Beverages held the senior eighth rank. His assistant held the senior ninth rank. They received and served imperial gifts of tea, wine, and fruit. The Household Director held the senior eighth rank. The Household Assistant held the senior ninth rank. They oversaw construction and repair, planting, room arrangement, and the supply of lamps and candles. The Director of Classics held the senior eighth rank. His deputy held the senior ninth rank. They were in charge of the classics, histories, illustrated registers, brushes, inkstones, and related supplies. The Director of Stores held the junior eighth rank. His deputy held the junior ninth rank. They controlled the receipt and issue of goods from the treasury stores. The Director of Granaries held the junior eighth rank. His deputy held the junior ninth rank. They handled the receipt and issue of grain from the granaries and the supply of fuel. The Chief Superintendent of the Inner Attendants Bureau held the senior ninth rank. The Associate Superintendent held the junior ninth rank. They enforced the regulations of the Eastern Pavilion, inspected the grain stipends and supplies of the palace women, and supervised the attendants. The Left and Right Moral Instructors held the senior fifth rank. The Left and Right Good Supporters held the senior sixth rank. They praised and instructed the heir in moral virtue and attended him in literary pursuits. The Inner Attendant held the senior seventh rank.
10
右屬宮師府。
The offices listed above belonged to the Bureau of the Crown Prince's Tutors.
11
親王府屬官
Officials of the Princely Residences.
12
傅，正四品。 掌師範輔導、參議可否，若親王在外，亦兼本京節鎮同知。 府尉，從四品。 本府長史，從五品。 明昌三年改，掌警嚴侍從、兼總統本府之事。 司馬，從六品。 同檢校門禁、總統府事。 文學二人，從七品。 掌贊導禮義、資廣學問。 記室參軍，正八品。 掌表箋書啟之事。 大定七年八月始置。 二十年，不專除，令文學兼之。
The Tutor held the senior fourth rank. He instructed and guided the prince, advised on policy decisions, and when the prince was posted abroad also served concurrently as associate commander of the capital military commission. The Residence Commandant held the junior fourth rank. The Chief Administrator of the Residence held the junior fifth rank. The title was changed in the third year of the Mingchang reign; the officer managed security, escort, and attendance and also had overall charge of the residence. The Secretary held the junior sixth rank. He jointly inspected the gate security and had overall charge of the residence. Two Literary Officers held the junior seventh rank. They praised and guided the prince in ritual and moral principle and helped broaden his learning. The Secretariat Adjutant held the senior eighth rank. He handled memorials, letters, and other written communications. The post was first established in the eighth month of the seventh year of the Dading reign. In the twentieth year it ceased to be a separate appointment, and literary officers were ordered to hold the post concurrently.
13
諸駙馬都尉，正四品。
All Imperial Sons-in-Law Commandants held the senior fourth rank.
14
提舉衛紹王家屬。 提舉，從六品。 同提舉，從七品。 舊為東海郡侯邑令，丞。
Superintendent over the Household of Prince Shao of Wei. The Superintendent held the junior sixth rank. The Associate Superintendent held the junior seventh rank. These posts had formerly been the magistrate and assistant of the Donghai Commandery marquisate.
15
提舉鎬厲王家屬。 提舉，同提舉。 以上二宅，天興元年始聽自便。
Superintendent over the Household of Prince Li of Hao. A Superintendent and an Associate Superintendent. Beginning in the first year of the Tianxing reign, the members of these two households were first allowed to manage their own affairs.
16
提控鞏國公家屬。 提控。 同提控。
Controller over the Household of the Duke of Gong. Controller. Associate Controller.
17
太后兩宮官屬
Officials of the Empress Dowager's Two Palaces.
18
正大元年置。
These offices were established in the first year of the Zhengda reign.
19
衛尉，從三品。 副衛尉，從四品。 左典禁，右典禁，從五品。 奉令，正七品。 奉丞，正八品。 太僕，正六品。 副僕，正七品。 門衛二員，正六品。 典寶二員，正六品。 謁者二員，從六品。 閣正，從七品。 閣丞，從八品。 食官令，正八品。 食官丞，正九品。 宮令，正八品。 宮丞，正九品。 醫令，正八品。 醫丞，正九品。 飲官令，正八品。 飲官丞，正九品。 主藏，正八品。 副主藏、主廩，從八品。 副主廩，正九品。
The Commandant of the Guard held the junior third rank. The Deputy Commandant of the Guard held the junior fourth rank. The Left and Right Directors of Prohibitions held the junior fifth rank. The Provider-in-Chief held the senior seventh rank. The Provider Assistant held the senior eighth rank. The Grand Master of the Stud held the senior sixth rank. The Deputy Master of the Stud held the senior seventh rank. Two Gate Guards held the senior sixth rank. Two Superintendents of Treasures held the senior sixth rank. Two Ushers held the junior sixth rank. The Pavilion Rectifier held the junior seventh rank. The Pavilion Assistant held the junior eighth rank. The Director of Provisions held the senior eighth rank. The Assistant Director of Provisions held the senior ninth rank. The Palace Director held the senior eighth rank. The Palace Assistant held the senior ninth rank. The Director of Medicine held the senior eighth rank. The Assistant Director of Medicine held the senior ninth rank. The Director of Beverages held the senior eighth rank. The Assistant Director of Beverages held the senior ninth rank. The Keeper of Stores held the senior eighth rank. The Deputy Keeper of Stores and the Keeper of Granaries held the junior eighth rank. The Deputy Keeper of Granaries held the senior ninth rank.
20
大興府
Daxing Prefecture.
21
尹一員，正三品。 掌宣風導俗、肅清所部，總判府事。 余府尹同。 兼領本路兵馬都總管府事。 車駕巡幸，則置留守同知、少尹、判官。 惟留判不別置，以總判兼之。 同知一員，從四品。 掌通判府事。 餘府同知同此。 少尹一員，正五品。 掌同同知。 總管判官一員，從五品。 掌紀綱總府眾務，分判兵案之事。 府判一員，從五品。 掌諮議參佐、糾正非違、紀綱眾務，分判吏部、工案事。 推官二員，從六品。 掌同府判，分判戶、刑案事，內戶推掌通檢推排簿籍。 舊一員，大定五年增一員。 知事，正八品。 掌付事勾稽省署文牘、總錄諸案之事。 都孔目官，女直司一員，漢人司一員，職同知事，掌監印、監受案牘。 余都孔目官同此。 不常置，省則吏目攝。 六案司吏七十五人，內女直十五人，漢人六十人。 司吏分掌六案，各置孔目官一員，掌呈覆糾正本案文書。 餘分前後行，其他處應設十人以下、六人以上者，置孔目官三人，及置提點所處仍舊。 女直司吏若十二人以上，分設六案，不及者設三案，五人以下設一案，通掌六案事。 以上名充孔目官。 知法三員，從八品。 女直一員、漢人二員，掌律令格式、審斷刑名。 抄事一人，掌抄事目、寫法狀，以前後行吏人選。 公使百人。 女直教授一員。 東京、北京、上京、河東東西路、山東東西路、大名、咸平、臨潢、陝西統軍司、西南招討司、西北路招討司、婆速路、曷懶路、速頻、蒲與、胡裏改、隆州、泰州、蓋州並同此。 皆置醫院，醫正一人，醫工八人。
One Prefect held the senior third rank. He spread moral influence, guided local custom, kept his jurisdiction in order, and had overall charge of the prefecture. The prefects of the other prefectures had the same duties. He also concurrently directed the circuit Military Affairs Grand Commandantate. When the emperor toured, a Resident Associate Commander, Junior Prefect, and Adjudicator were appointed to remain behind. Only the Resident Adjudicator was not separately appointed; the overall adjudicator held that duty concurrently. One Associate Commander held the junior fourth rank. He jointly adjudicated prefectural affairs. The associate commanders of the other prefectures had the same duties. One Junior Prefect held the senior fifth rank. His duties were the same as those of the Associate Commander. One Grand Commandantate Adjudicator held the junior fifth rank. He maintained discipline, had overall charge of the prefecture's affairs, and separately adjudicated the military section. One Prefectural Adjudicator held the junior fifth rank. He advised and assisted, corrected violations, maintained discipline over the prefecture's affairs, and separately adjudicated the personnel and works sections. Two Investigating Officials held the junior sixth rank. Their duties matched those of the Prefectural Adjudicator; they separately adjudicated the revenue and penal sections, and the revenue investigator in particular supervised inspection, investigation, and the registers. There had formerly been one post; in the fifth year of the Dading reign a second was added. The Director of Affairs held the senior eighth rank. He assigned duties, audited the provincial documents, and kept the overall record of all cases. The Chief Registry Officer comprised one Jurchen-section and one Han-section post, with duties equal to the Director of Affairs; they supervised the seal and received case documents. The chief registry officers of the other prefectures had the same duties. The post was not regularly filled; when the office was reduced, clerical heads acted in its place. There were seventy-five clerks for the six sections, fifteen Jurchen and sixty Han. Section clerks each managed one of the six sections; every section had one registry officer who presented, reviewed, and corrected its case documents. The remaining clerks were divided into front and rear ranks; offices elsewhere that required between six and ten clerks had three registry officers, and supervisory posts were retained as before. Where Jurchen-section clerks numbered twelve or more the six sections were separately staffed; where fewer, three sections; where five or fewer, a single section handled all six. The clerks named above served as registry officers. Three Legal Specialists held the junior eighth rank. One Jurchen and two Han specialists managed the statutes, ordinances, formats, and adjudication of criminal cases. One copyist, chosen from the front- and rear-rank clerks, copied case lists and drafted legal documents. There were one hundred runners. There was one Jurchen instructor. The Eastern Capital, Northern Capital, Upper Capital, Hedong East and West Circuits, Shandong East and West Circuits, Daming, Xianping, Linhuang, the Shaanxi Grand Commandantate, the Southwest and Northwest Pacification Commissions, the Basu and Yilan routes, Supin, Puyu, Huligai, Longzhou, Taizhou, and Gaizhou all followed the same pattern. Each office maintained a medical hall with one Chief Physician and eight medical artisans.
22
諸京留守司
Resident Commissions of the Various Capitals.
23
留守一員，正三品。 帶本府尹兼本路兵馬都總管。 同知留守事一員，正四品。 帶同知本府尹兼本路兵馬都總管。 副留守一員，從四品。 帶本府少尹兼本路兵馬副都總管。 留守判官一員，從五品。 都總管判官一員，從五品。 掌紀綱總府眾務、分判兵案之事。 推官一員，從六品。 掌同府判，分判刑案之事，上京兼管林木事。 司獄一員，正八品。 司吏。 女直司吏，上京二十人，北京十三人，東京十人，南京、西京各五人。 漢人司吏，三十萬戶以上六十人，二十五萬戶五十五人，十萬戶以上四十人，七萬戶以上三十五人，五萬戶以上三十人，三萬戶以上二十四人，不及萬戶十人。 譯人，上京、北京各三人，東京、西京、南京各二人。 通事二人。 知法，女直、漢人各一員，南京漢人二員。 抄事一人，掌抄錄事目、書寫法狀。 公事百人。
One Resident Commissioner held the senior third rank. He concurrently served as Prefect of the prefecture and Grand Commandant of the circuit military forces. One Associate Resident Commissioner held the senior fourth rank. He concurrently served as Associate Prefect and Associate Grand Commandant of the circuit military forces. One Deputy Resident Commissioner held the junior fourth rank. He concurrently served as Junior Prefect and Deputy Grand Commandant of the circuit military forces. One Resident Adjudicator held the junior fifth rank. One Grand Commandantate Adjudicator held the junior fifth rank. He maintained discipline, had overall charge of the prefecture's affairs, and separately adjudicated the military section. One Investigating Official held the junior sixth rank. His duties matched those of the Prefectural Adjudicator; he separately adjudicated penal cases, and at the Upper Capital also managed forestry affairs. One Prison Intendant held the senior eighth rank. Clerks. Jurchen-section clerks numbered twenty at the Upper Capital, thirteen at the Northern Capital, ten at the Eastern Capital, and five each at the Southern and Western Capitals. Han-section clerks numbered sixty where households exceeded 300,000, fifty-five above 250,000, forty above 100,000, thirty-five above 70,000, thirty above 50,000, twenty-four above 30,000, and ten where households fell short of 10,000. Translators numbered three each at the Upper and Northern Capitals and two each at the Eastern, Western, and Southern Capitals. There were two interpreters. There was one Jurchen and one Han legal specialist each; at the Southern Capital there were two Han specialists. One copyist copied case lists and drafted legal documents. There were one hundred public-service runners.
24
京城門收支器物使。 貞祐元年置，每城一面設一員。 五年，南京隨門添設。 舊有小都監，後省。 正八品，十四員，戶部辟舉。 開陽門、宣仁門、安利門、平化門、通遠門、宜照門、利川門、崇德門、迎秋門、廣澤門、順義門、迎朔門、順常門、廣智門，已上各門副尉兼職。 貞祐五年制，乃罷小都監。 十四門尉，從七品。 副尉，正九品。
Commissioners for Receipt and Disbursement of Goods at the Capital Gates. Established in the first year of the Zhenyou reign; one commissioner was appointed for each face of the city wall. In the fifth year posts were added at each gate of the Southern Capital. Junior superintendents had formerly existed but were later abolished. Fourteen posts at the senior eighth rank, recruited by the Revenue Department. The deputy wardens of Kaiyang, Xuanren, Anli, Pinghua, Tongyuan, Yizhao, Lichuan, Chongde, Yingqiu, Guangze, Shunyi, Yingshuo, Shunchang, and Guangzhi Gates each held the post concurrently. Regulations of the fifth year of the Zhenyou reign abolished the junior superintendents. Fourteen gate wardens held the junior seventh rank. Deputy wardens held the senior ninth rank.
25
上京提舉皇城司提舉一員，從六品。 同提舉一員，從七品。 司吏一人。
At the Upper Capital one Superintendent of the Imperial City Bureau held the junior sixth rank. One Associate Superintendent held the junior seventh rank. There was one clerk.
26
南京提舉京城所提舉一員，正七品。 同提舉一員，從七品。 掌本京城壁及繕修等事，不常置。 上京同此。 管勾一員，正八品。 掌佐繕治。 受給官一員，掌收支之事。 壕寨官一員，掌監督修造。
At the Southern Capital one Superintendent of the Capital Works Office held the senior seventh rank. One Associate Superintendent held the junior seventh rank. They managed the capital walls and repairs; the post was not regularly filled. The Upper Capital followed the same pattern. One Controller held the senior eighth rank. He assisted in repairs. One Receiver managed receipt and disbursement. One Moat-Fort Officer supervised construction.
27
皇城使一員，正八品。 副使一員，正九品。 掌宮闕繕修之事，不常置。
One Imperial City Commissioner held the senior eighth rank. One Deputy Commissioner held the senior ninth rank. They managed repair of the palace compounds; the post was not regularly filled.
28
管勾北太一宮，同樂園二員，正八品。 掌守宮園繕修之事。
Two Controllers of the Northern Grand Unity Palace and the Shared Pleasure Garden held the senior eighth rank. They guarded the palaces and gardens and supervised their repairs.
29
慶元宮小都監三員，掌鋪陳祭器諸物。 余宮同。
Three junior superintendents of Qingyuan Palace managed the arrangement of ritual vessels and goods. The other palaces followed the same pattern.
30
花園小都監二員。
Two junior superintendents of the Flower Garden.
31
東京宮苑使一員。 西京、北京同。
One Eastern Capital Palace Park Commissioner. The Western and Northern Capitals were the same.
32
東京、西京禦容殿，閣門各二員，掌享祀禮數、鋪陳祭器。
At the Eastern and Western Capitals' Imperial Portrait Halls, two gate officers each managed sacrificial ritual and the arrangement of ritual vessels.
33
東京萬甯宮小都監一員。
One junior superintendent of the Eastern Capital Wanning Palace.
34
按察司
Surveillance Commissions.
35
本提刑司，承安三年以上京、東京等提刑司並為一提刑使，兼宣撫使勸農採訪事，為官稱。 副使、判官以兼宣撫副使、判官為名。 複改宣撫為安撫，各設安撫判官一員、提刑一員，通四員。 安撫司，掌鎮撫人民、譏察邊防軍旅、審錄重刑事。 安撫判官則銜內不帶勸農採訪事，令專管千戶謀克。 安撫使副內，差一員于咸平、一員於上京分司。 承安四年罷咸平分司，使在上京、副在東京，各設簽事一員。 承安四年改按察司，貞祐三年罷，止委監察採訪。
Originally the Judicial Inspection Office; from the third year of the Cheng'an reign the capital and Eastern Capital inspection offices were combined into one Judicial Inspector who also served as Pacification Commissioner for encouraging agriculture and investigation. The deputy and adjudicator were titled Associate Pacification Deputy Commissioner and Pacification Adjudicator. "Pacification" was later changed to "Comfort," and each circuit received one Comfort Adjudicator and one Judicial Inspector, four posts in all. The Comfort Commission pacified the people, inspected frontier troops, and reviewed serious criminal cases. The Comfort Adjudicator's title omitted agriculture and investigation; he was charged solely with managing thousands and companies. Among the deputy commissioners, one was posted at Xianping and one at the Upper Capital. In the fourth year of Cheng'an the Xianping branch was abolished; the commissioner remained at the Upper Capital and the deputy at the Eastern Capital, each with one Signing Officer. In the fourth year of Cheng'an it was renamed the Surveillance Commission; in the third year of Zhenyou it was abolished and only supervisory investigation remained.
36
使一員，正三品。 掌審察刑獄、照刷案牘、糾察濫官汙吏豪猾之人、私鹽酒麴並應禁之事，兼勸農桑，與副使、簽事更出巡案。 副使，正四品。 兼勸農事。 簽按察司事，正五品。 承安四年設。 判官二員，從六品。 大定二十九年設。 明昌元年以陝西地闊，添一員。 知事，正八品。 承安三年，上京者兼經歷安撫司使。 泰和八年十一月，省議以轉運司權輕，州縣不畏，不能規措錢谷，遂詔中都都轉運，依舊專管錢谷事，自余諸路按察使並兼轉運使，副使兼同知，簽按察並兼轉運副，添按察判官一員，為從六品。 中都、西京路按察司官止兼西京路轉運司事。 遼東路惟上京按察安撫使及簽事依舊署本司事。 遼東轉運使兼按察副使，同知轉運使兼簽按察司事，轉運副使兼按察判官，添知事一員。 知法二員，從八品。 書史四人，書吏十人，抄事一人，公使四十人。 右中都、西京並依此置。 陝西、上京兩路設簽按察司事二員，上京簽安撫司事。
One Commissioner held the senior third rank. He reviewed prisons, inspected documents, impeached corrupt officials and powerful wrongdoers, investigated private salt, wine, yeast, and prohibited goods, encouraged sericulture, and toured the circuit in rotation with the deputy and signing officers. The Deputy Commissioner held the senior fourth rank. He also encouraged agriculture. The Signing Officer of the Surveillance Commission held the senior fifth rank. Established in the fourth year of the Cheng'an reign. Two Adjudicators held the junior sixth rank. Established in the twenty-ninth year of the Dading reign. In the first year of the Mingchang reign one more was added because Shaanxi was vast. The Director of Affairs held the senior eighth rank. In the third year of Cheng'an the Upper Capital director also concurrently served as Pacification Commissioner. In the eleventh month of the eighth year of Taihe the court found transport commissioners too weak to compel obedience from prefectures and counties; the Central Capital transport commissioner resumed sole charge of revenue, while surveillance commissioners on other circuits also served as transport commissioners, deputies as associates, signing officers as deputy transport commissioners, and one surveillance adjudicator was added at the junior sixth rank. Surveillance officers of the Central Capital and Western Capital circuits only concurrently directed Western Capital transport affairs. On the Eastern Liaoning Route only the Upper Capital surveillance and comfort commissioner and signing officer still signed their own commission's documents. The Eastern Liaoning transport commissioner concurrently served as surveillance deputy; the associate transport commissioner signed surveillance documents; the deputy transport commissioner served as surveillance adjudicator; and one more Director of Affairs was added. Two Legal Specialists held the junior eighth rank. There were four record clerks, ten document clerks, one copyist, and forty runners. The Central Capital and Western Capital were staffed as above. Shaanxi and the Upper Capital each had two Signing Officers of the Surveillance Commission; at the Upper Capital the signing officer also signed Comfort Commission business.
37
上京、東京等路按察司並安撫司。 使，正三品。 鎮撫人民、譏察邊防軍旅之事，仍專管猛安謀克，教習武藝及令本土純願風俗不致改易。 副使二員，正四品。 簽安撫司事，正五品。 簽按察司事，正五品。 知事兼安撫司事，正八品。 知法四員，從八品。 書史四人，上京、東京書吏十八人，女直十二人、漢人六人。 中都、西京，女直五人，漢人五人。 北京、臨潢，女直三人、漢人五人。 南京，女直二人、漢人七人。 山東，女直三人、漢人七人。 大名，女直三人、漢人六人。 抄事一人，公使十人。 右按察使於上京、副使于東京各路設簽事一員，分司勾當。 惟安撫司不帶「勸農」字，內知事于上京、自余並於兩處分減存設。
Surveillance and Comfort Commissions of the Upper Capital, Eastern Capital, and other circuits. The Commissioner held the senior third rank. He pacified the people, inspected frontier troops, and had sole charge of meng'an and mouke, teaching martial arts and ensuring native customs were preserved. Two Deputy Commissioners held the senior fourth rank. The Signing Officer of the Comfort Commission held the senior fifth rank. The Signing Officer of the Surveillance Commission held the senior fifth rank. The Director of Affairs concurrently serving in the Comfort Commission held the senior eighth rank. Four Legal Specialists held the junior eighth rank. There were four record clerks; at Shangjing and Dongjing there were eighteen document clerks, twelve Jurchen and six Han. At Zhongdu and Xijing there were five Jurchen clerks and five Han clerks. At Beijing and Linhuang there were three Jurchen clerks and five Han clerks. At Nanjing there were two Jurchen clerks and seven Han clerks. In Shandong there were three Jurchen clerks and seven Han clerks. At Daming there were three Jurchen clerks and six Han clerks. There was one copyist and ten runners. As noted above, the Surveillance Commissioner at Shangjing and the Deputy Commissioner at Dongjing each had one Signing Officer posted on every circuit to conduct branch affairs. Only the Pacification Commission omitted the phrase "encouraging agriculture" from its title; the internal Director of Affairs was stationed at Shangjing, while elsewhere staffing was reduced and maintained at both seats as needed.
38
諸總管府
Grand Commandantates.
39
謂府尹兼領者。
These are prefectures whose Prefect concurrently held the commandantate.
40
都總管一員，正三品。 掌統諸城隍兵馬甲仗，總判府事。 同知都總管一員，從四品。 掌通判府事，惟婆速路同知都總管兼來遠軍事兵馬。 副都總管一員，正五品。 所掌與同知同。 總管判官一員，從六品。 掌紀綱總府眾務，分判兵案之事。 府判一員，從六品。 掌紀綱眾務，分判戶、禮案，仍掌通檢推排簿籍。 推官一員，正七品。 掌同府判，分判工、刑案事。 知法一員。 司吏，女直，山東西路十五人，大名十四人，山東東路、咸平府、臨潢府各十二人，曷懶路、河北西路各十人，婆速路十一人，河北東路八人，河東南北路、京兆、慶陽、臨洮、鳳翔、延安各四人。 漢人，戶十八萬以上四十二人，十五萬以上四十人，十三萬以上三十八人，十萬以上三十五人，七萬以上三十二人，五萬以上二十八人，三萬以上二十二人，不及三萬戶二十人，婆速路、曷懶路各二人。 譯人，咸平三人，河北東西、山東東西、曷懶、大名、臨潢各二人，餘各一人。 通事，婆速、曷懶路高麗通事一人，臨潢北部通事一人，部落通事一人、小部落通事二人，慶陽府通事一人。 抄事一人。 公使八十人。 臨潢別置移剌十三人。 凡諸府置員並同，惟曷懶路無府事。
One Grand Commandant held the senior third rank. He commanded the garrison troops, armor, and weapons of the prefecture and had overall charge of its affairs. One Associate Grand Commandant held the junior fourth rank. He jointly adjudicated prefectural affairs; only on the Basu Route did the Associate Grand Commandant also concurrently direct the military affairs and forces of the Laiyuan Army. One Deputy Grand Commandant held the senior fifth rank. His duties matched those of the Associate Grand Commandant. One Commandantate Adjudicator held the junior sixth rank. He maintained discipline over the commandantate's affairs and separately adjudicated military cases. One Prefectural Adjudicator held the junior sixth rank. He maintained discipline over general affairs, separately adjudicated the personnel and rites sections, and also supervised inspection, investigation, and the household registers. One Investigating Official held the senior seventh rank. His duties matched those of the Prefectural Adjudicator; he separately adjudicated the works and penal sections. There was one Legal Specialist. Jurchen clerks numbered fifteen on the Shandong West Circuit, fourteen at Daming, twelve each on the Shandong East Circuit, Xianping Prefecture, and Linhuang Prefecture, ten each on the Yilan Route and Hebei West Circuit, eleven on the Basu Route, eight on the Hebei East Circuit, and four each on the Hedong North and South Circuits, Jingzhao, Qingyang, Lintao, Fengxiang, and Yan'an. Han clerks numbered forty-two where registered households exceeded 180,000, forty above 150,000, thirty-eight above 130,000, thirty-five above 100,000, thirty-two above 70,000, twenty-eight above 50,000, twenty-two above 30,000, and twenty where households fell short of 30,000; the Basu and Yilan routes had two each. Translators numbered three at Xianping, two each on the Hebei East and West Circuits, Shandong East and West Circuits, Yilan Route, Daming, and Linhuang, and one elsewhere. Interpreters included one Goryeo interpreter each on the Basu and Yilan routes, one northern interpreter at Linhuang, one tribal interpreter and two minor-tribal interpreters, and one interpreter at Qingyang Prefecture. There was one copyist. There were eighty runners. At Linhuang thirteen Yila clerks were separately posted. All such prefectures shared the same staffing; only the Yilan Route had no separate prefectural office.
41
謂非兼總管府事者。
These are prefectures that did not concurrently hold Grand Commandantate duties.
42
尹一員，正三品。 同知一員，正四品。 少尹一員，正五品。 府判一員，從六品。 掌紀綱眾務，分判吏、戶、禮案事，專掌通檢推排簿籍。 推官一員，正七品。 掌同府判兵、刑、工案事。 府教授一員。 知法一員。 司吏，女直皆三人，漢人，若管十六萬戶四十人，十四萬以上三十八人，十二萬以上三十五人，十萬以上三十二人，七萬以上三十人，五萬以上二十五人，三萬戶以上二十人，不及三萬戶十七人。 譯人一人，通事一人，抄事一人，公使七十人。
One Prefect held the senior third rank. One Associate Commander held the senior fourth rank. One Junior Prefect held the senior fifth rank. One Prefectural Adjudicator held the junior sixth rank. He maintained discipline over general affairs, separately adjudicated the personnel, revenue, and rites sections, and had exclusive charge of inspection, investigation, and the household registers. One Investigating Official held the senior seventh rank. His duties matched those of the Prefectural Adjudicator for the military, penal, and works sections. There was one Prefectural Instructor. There was one Legal Specialist. Jurchen clerks numbered three each; Han clerks numbered forty where the prefecture administered 160,000 households, thirty-eight above 140,000, thirty-five above 120,000, thirty-two above 100,000, thirty above 70,000, twenty-five above 50,000, twenty above 30,000, and seventeen where households fell short of 30,000. There was one translator, one interpreter, one copyist, and seventy runners.
43
諸節鎮
Military Commissions.
44
節度使一員，從三品。 掌鎮撫諸軍防刺，總判本鎮兵馬之事，兼本州管內觀察使事。 其觀察使所掌，並同府尹兼軍州事管內觀察使。 同知節度使一員，正五品。 通判節度使事，兼州事者仍帶同知管內觀察使。 副使一員，從五品。 節度判官一員，正七品。 掌紀綱節鎮眾務、僉判兵馬之事，兼判兵、刑、工案事。 觀察判官一員，正七品。 掌紀綱觀察眾務，僉判吏、戶、禮案事，通檢推排簿籍。 知法一員，州教授一員，司獄一員，正八品。 司吏，女直，隆州十四人，蓋州十二人，泰州十一人，速頻、胡裏改各十人，蒲與八人，平、宗、懿、定、衛、萊、密、滄、冀、邢、同、雄、保、兗、邠、涇、朔、奉聖、豐、雲內、許、徐、鄧、鞏、鄜、全、肇各三人，餘各二人。 漢人，依府尹數例。 譯人一人，通事二人，抄事一人。 公使人，上鎮七十、中六十五、下六十人，惟蒲與、胡裏改、速頻各二十人。 曷速館路、蒲與路、胡裏改路、速頻路四節鎮，省觀察判官而無州事。
One Military Commissioner held the junior third rank. He pacified the armies, guarded against raids, had overall charge of the commission's military affairs, and concurrently performed the duties of Observation Commissioner within the prefecture. The Observation Commissioner's duties matched those of a Prefect who concurrently held military prefecture and circuit observation authority. One Associate Military Commissioner held the senior fifth rank. He jointly adjudicated military commission affairs; if he also held prefectural duties, he still bore the concurrent title Associate Observation Commissioner within the circuit. One Deputy Commissioner held the junior fifth rank. One Military Commission Adjudicator held the senior seventh rank. He maintained discipline over the commission's affairs, jointly adjudicated military affairs, and also separately adjudicated the military, penal, and works sections. One Observation Adjudicator held the senior seventh rank. He maintained discipline over observation affairs, jointly adjudicated the personnel, revenue, and rites sections, and supervised inspection, investigation, and the household registers. There was one Legal Specialist, one Prefectural Instructor, and one Prison Intendant at the senior eighth rank. Jurchen clerks numbered fourteen at Long Prefecture, twelve at Gai Prefecture, eleven at Tai Prefecture, ten each at Supin and Hurigai, eight at Puyu, three each at Ping, Zong, Yi, Ding, Wei, Lai, Mi, Cang, Ji, Xing, Tong, Xiong, Bao, Yan, Bin, Jing, Shuo, Fengsheng, Feng, Yunnei, Xu, Xuzhou, Deng, Gong, Fu, Quan, and Zhao, and two each elsewhere. Han clerks followed the same household-based scale used for prefectural governments. There was one translator, two interpreters, and one copyist. Runners numbered seventy at upper commissions, sixty-five at middle commissions, and sixty at lower commissions; only Puyu, Hurigai, and Supin had twenty each. The four military commissions on the Yisuguan, Puyu, Hurigai, and Supin routes lacked an Observation Adjudicator and had no separate prefectural establishment.
45
諸防禦州
Defense Prefectures.
46
防禦使一員，從四品。 掌防捍不虞、禦制盜賊，余同府尹。 同知防禦使事一員，正六品。 掌通判防禦使事。 判官一員，正八品。 掌簽判州事，專掌通檢推排簿籍。 知法，從九品。 州教授一員。 司軍，從九品。 軍轄兼巡捕使，從九品。 司吏，女直一人，漢人管戶五萬以上二十人，以率而減。 譯人一人，通事一人，抄事一人。 公使，上州六十人、中五十五人、下五十人。
One Defense Commissioner held the junior fourth rank. He guarded against unforeseen threats and suppressed bandits; his remaining duties matched those of a Prefect. One Associate Defense Commissioner held the senior sixth rank. He jointly adjudicated defense commission affairs. One Adjudicator held the senior eighth rank. He countersigned prefectural affairs and had exclusive charge of inspection, investigation, and the household registers. The Legal Specialist held the junior ninth rank. There was one Prefectural Instructor. The Military Clerk held the junior ninth rank. The Military Controller concurrently serving as Patrol Commissioner held the junior ninth rank. Clerks included one Jurchen; Han clerks numbered twenty where administered households exceeded 50,000, with reductions by scale below that threshold. There was one translator, one interpreter, and one copyist. Runners numbered sixty at upper prefectures, fifty-five at middle prefectures, and fifty at lower prefectures.
47
諸刺史州
Regional-Inspector Prefectures.
48
刺史一員，正五品。 掌同府尹兼治州事。 同知一員，正七品。 通判州事。 判官一員，從八品。 簽判州事，專掌通檢推排簿籍。 司軍，從九品。 知法一員。 軍轄兼巡捕使，從九品。 司吏，女直，韓、慶、信、灤、薊、通、澄、複、沈、貴德、涿、利、建州、來遠軍各三人，餘各二人。 抄事一人。 公使，上州五十、中四十五、下四十。 惟來遠軍同下州，省同知。 凡諸州以上知印，並于孔目官內輪差，運司押司官並同。 無孔目官，以上各司吏充，司、縣同此。
One Regional Inspector held the senior fifth rank. His duties matched those of a Prefect who also administered the prefecture. One Associate Commander held the senior seventh rank. He jointly adjudicated prefectural affairs. One Adjudicator held the junior eighth rank. He countersigned prefectural affairs and had exclusive charge of inspection, investigation, and the household registers. The Military Clerk held the junior ninth rank. There was one Legal Specialist. The Military Controller concurrently serving as Patrol Commissioner held the junior ninth rank. Jurchen clerks numbered three each at Han, Qing, Xin, Luan, Ji, Tong, Cheng, Fu, Shen, Guide, Zhuo, Li, Jianzhou, and the Laiyuan Army, and two each elsewhere. There was one copyist. Runners numbered fifty at upper prefectures, forty-five at middle prefectures, and forty at lower prefectures. Only the Laiyuan Army was classed like a lower prefecture and had no Associate Commander. At all such prefectures and above, custody of the official seal rotated among the Registry Officers, and transport-commission clerks followed the same practice. Where no Registry Officer was posted, senior section clerks acted in his place; circuits and counties followed the same rule.
49
諸京警巡院
Patrol and Inspection Courts of the Various Capitals.
50
使一員，正六品。 掌平理獄訟、員警別部，總判院事。 副一員，從七品。 掌警巡之事。 判官二員，正九品。 掌檢稽失，簽判院事。 司吏，女直，中都三人，上、東、西三京各二人，餘各一人。 漢人，中都十五人，南京九人，西京八人，東京六人，北京五人，上京四人。 惟東、西、北、上京無副使。
One Commissioner held the senior sixth rank. He adjudicated litigation, organized patrol-guard detachments, and had overall charge of the court's affairs. One Deputy held the junior seventh rank. He directed patrol and inspection affairs. Two Adjudicators held the senior ninth rank. They inspected for lapses and countersigned the court's affairs. Jurchen clerks numbered three at Zhongdu, two each at the Superior, Eastern, and Western Capitals, and one each elsewhere. Han clerks numbered fifteen at Zhongdu, nine at Nanjing, eight at Xijing, six at Dongjing, five at Beijing, and four at Shangjing. Only the Eastern, Western, Northern, and Upper Capitals had no deputy commissioner.
51
諸府節鎮錄事司
Recorder Offices of the Various Prefectures and Military Commissioners
52
錄事一員，正八品。 判官一員，正九品。 掌同警巡使。 司吏，戶萬以上設六人，以下為率減之。 凡府鎮二千戶以上則依此置，以下則止設錄事一員，不及百戶者並省。
One Recorder held the senior eighth rank. One Adjudicator held the senior ninth rank. His duties were the same as those of the Patrol Commissioner. Clerks numbered six where households reached ten thousand or more; below that threshold the quota was reduced proportionally. Prefectures and military commissioners with two thousand households or more followed this establishment; below that level only a single Recorder was appointed, and where households fell short of one hundred the office was abolished altogether.
53
諸防刺州司候司
Deputy Commissioner Offices of the Various Defense-and-Assault Prefectures
54
司候一員，正九品。 司判一員，從九品。 司吏、公使七人。 然亦驗戶口置。
One Deputy Commissioner held the senior ninth rank. One Associate Adjudicator held the junior ninth rank. There were seven clerks and runners. Here too, however, staffing was set according to household count.
55
謂大興、宛平縣。 令一員，從六品，掌養百姓、按察所部、宣導風化、勸課農桑、平理獄訟、捕除盜賊、禁止游惰，兼管常平倉及通檢推排簿籍，總判縣事。 丞一員，正八品。 掌貳縣事。 主簿一員，正九品。 掌同縣丞。 尉四員，正八品。 專巡捕盜賊。 余縣置四尉者同此。 司吏十人，內一名取識女直、漢字者充。 公使十人。
By this are meant the counties of Daxing and Wanping. One magistrate held the junior sixth rank, nourishing the people, inspecting his jurisdiction, guiding custom, urging farming and sericulture, settling lawsuits, capturing bandits, forbidding idleness, also managing the Ever-Normal Granary and the registers of inspection, investigation, and household review, with overall charge of county affairs. One assistant magistrate held the senior eighth rank. He assisted in county affairs. One registrar held the senior ninth rank. His duties were the same as those of the assistant magistrate. Four constables held the senior eighth rank. They were charged exclusively with hunting down bandits. Other counties that appointed four constables followed this pattern. Ten clerks, one of whom had to be literate in Jurchen and Chinese characters. There were ten runners.
56
次赤縣
Second-Tier Red Counties
57
又曰劇縣。 令一員，正七品。 丞一員，正九品。 主簿一員，正九品。 尉一員，正九品。
They were also called Busy Counties. One magistrate held the senior seventh rank. One assistant magistrate held the senior ninth rank. One registrar held the senior ninth rank. One constable held the senior ninth rank.
58
令一員，從七品。 丞一員，正九品。 主簿一員，正九品。 尉一員，正九品。 凡縣二萬五千戶以上為次赤、為劇，二萬以上為次劇，在諸京倚郭者曰京縣。 自京縣而下，以萬戶以上為上，三千戶以上為中，不滿三千為下。 中縣而下不置丞，以主簿與尉通領巡捕事。 下縣則不置尉，以主簿兼之。 中縣司吏八人，下縣司吏六人，公使皆十人。
One magistrate held the junior seventh rank. One assistant magistrate held the senior ninth rank. One registrar held the senior ninth rank. One constable held the senior ninth rank. In general, counties with twenty-five thousand households or more ranked as second-tier red or busy counties; those with twenty thousand or more ranked as second-tier busy counties; and those adjoining the walls of the various capitals were styled capital counties. Below capital counties, those with ten thousand households or more ranked as upper, those with three thousand or more as middle, and those with fewer than three thousand as lower. Middle counties and below did not appoint assistant magistrates; the registrar and constable jointly handled patrol and arrest. Lower counties did not appoint constables; the registrar held that duty concurrently. Middle counties had eight clerks and lower counties six, while runners numbered ten in each case.
59
諸知鎮、知城、知堡、知寨
Various Administrators of Towns, Walled Cities, Forts, and Stockades
60
皆從七品。 其設公使皆與縣同，惟驗戶口置司吏。
All held the junior seventh rank. Runners were established as in counties, but clerks were appointed only after household count had been verified.
61
諸司獄
Various Prison Offices
62
司獄一員，正九品。 提控獄囚。 司吏一人。 公使二人。 典獄二人，防守獄囚門禁啟閉之事。 獄子，防守罪囚者。
One prison director held the senior ninth rank. He supervised prisoners. There was one clerk. There were two runners. Two prison keepers guarded the prison gates and managed their opening and closing. Prison guards guarded convicted prisoners.
63
市令司
Market Superintendent Office
64
唯中都置。 令一員，正八品。 南遷以左、右警巡使兼。 丞一員，正九品。 掌平物價，察度量權衡之違式、百貨之估直。 司吏四人、公使八人。
It was established only at the Central Capital. One superintendent held the senior eighth rank. After the court moved south, the left and right patrol commissioners held the post concurrently. One assistant superintendent held the senior ninth rank. He stabilized prices, investigated violations of weights and measures, and assessed the value of goods in the markets. There were four clerks and eight runners.
65
軍器庫
Armory
66
使一員，正八品。 副使一員，從九品。 掌甲胄兵仗。 司吏二人。 庫子，掌出納之數、看守巡護。 中都、南京依此置，西京省副使，北京惟副使，仍兼八作使。 隨府節鎮設使、副，若軍器兼作院，軍資兼軍器庫，及防刺郡，則置都監一員，以軍資監兼者如舊。
One commissioner held the senior eighth rank. One deputy commissioner held the junior ninth rank. He was in charge of armor and weapons. There were two clerks. Warehouse clerks managed the tallies of receipt and issue and guarded and patrolled the stores. The Central and Southern Capitals followed this establishment; the Western Capital omitted the deputy commissioner; the Northern Capital had only a deputy commissioner, who also served concurrently as Eight Crafts Commissioner. Military-commissioner prefectures appointed a commissioner and deputy; where the armory and crafts directorate were combined, or military supplies and the armory combined, and at defense-and-assault prefectures, one chief supervisor was appointed — concurrent holders of the military-supplies supervisor post remained as before.
67
使一員，副使一員，掌監造軍器，兼管徒囚，判院事。 都監一員，掌收支之事。 牢長，監管囚徒及差設牢子。 中都、南京依此置，仍加「都」字。 南京省都監一員，東京、西京置使或副一員，上京並省。 隨府節鎮作院使副，並以軍器使副兼之。 其或置一員，或以軍資庫兼之，若元設甲院都監處，並薊州專設使副者，並仍舊。
One commissioner and one deputy commissioner supervised the manufacture of weapons, also managed convict laborers, and adjudicated directorate affairs. One chief supervisor managed receipts and disbursements. Prison overseers supervised convicts and assigned prison guards. The Central and Southern Capitals followed this establishment, with the prefix Metropolitan added. The Southern Capital omitted one metropolitan chief supervisor; the Eastern and Western Capitals appointed either a commissioner or a deputy commissioner; and the Upper Capital abolished the office altogether. At military-commissioner prefectures the crafts directorate commissioner and deputy were both held concurrently by the armory commissioner and deputy. Where only one post was established, or the military-supplies depot held it concurrently, and where an armory chief supervisor had originally been established — including the dedicated commissioner and deputy at Jizhou — the old arrangements remained unchanged.
68
都轉運司
Metropolitan Transportation Commission
69
使，正三品。 掌稅賦錢谷、倉庫出納、權衡度量之制。 同知，從四品。 副使，正五品。 都勾判官，從六品。 紀綱眾務、分判勾案，惟南京勾判兼上林署丞。 戶籍判官二員，從六品。 舊止一員，承安四年增置一員，不許別差，專管拘收征克等事。 支度判官二員，從六品。 掌勾判、分判支度案事。 鹽鐵判官一員，從六品。 都孔目官二員，勾稽文牘。 知法二員，從八品。 都勾案、戶籍案、鹽鐵案、支度案、開拆案司吏，女直八人，漢人九十人。 抄事一人，譯史三人，通事一人，押遞五十人，監運諸物公使八十人。 惟中都路置都轉運司，余置轉運司，省戶、度判官各一員。 南京、西京、北京、遼東、山東西路，河北東路則置女直知法、漢知法各一員。 山東東路、河東南路北路、河北西路、陝西東西路則置漢知法一員。 餘官皆同中都置。 女直司，司吏，遼東路十人，西京、北京、山東西路各五人，余路皆四人。 譯史，遼東路三人，餘各二人。 通事各一人。 漢人司，司吏，課額一百八十萬貫以上者五十人，百五十萬貫以上四十五人，百二十萬貫以上四十人，九十萬貫以上三十五人，六十萬貫以上三十人，三十萬貫以上二十五人，不及三十萬貫二十人。 公使人，各七十人。 押遞，南京、山東東西路、河東南路、河北西路各五十人，西京、河東北路、河北東路各四十人，余路各三十人。
The commissioner held the senior third rank. He was in charge of tax revenues, grain stores, warehouse receipts and issues, and the standards of weights and measures. The associate commissioner held the junior fourth rank. The deputy commissioner held the senior fifth rank. The chief audit adjudicator held the junior sixth rank. He maintained discipline over all affairs and separately adjudicated audit cases; only the Southern Capital audit adjudicator also held the Imperial Park Agency assistant post concurrently. Two household-register adjudicators held the junior sixth rank. There had formerly been only one post; in the fourth year of the Cheng'an reign a second was added, and neither might be reassigned elsewhere, being charged exclusively with collection, seizure, and exaction. Two expenditure adjudicators held the junior sixth rank. They audited and separately adjudicated expenditure-section affairs. One salt-and-iron adjudicator held the junior sixth rank. Two chief document controllers audited the documents. Two legal specialists held the senior eighth rank. Clerks of the chief audit, household-register, salt-and-iron, expenditure, and opening-and-inspection sections numbered eight Jurchen and ninety Han. There was one copyist, three translators, one interpreter, fifty relay escorts, and eighty runners supervising the transport of goods. Only the Central Capital circuit established a Metropolitan Transportation Commission; elsewhere transportation commissions were established, each omitting one household-register and one expenditure adjudicator. The Southern, Western, and Northern Capitals, Liaodong, Shandong West Circuit, and Hebei East Circuit each appointed one Jurchen legal specialist and one Han legal specialist. Shandong East Circuit, Hedong South and North circuits, Hebei West Circuit, and Shaanxi East and West circuits each appointed one Han legal specialist. All other offices were established as at the Central Capital. In the Jurchen office, clerks numbered ten for the Liaodong circuit, five each for the Western and Northern Capitals and Shandong West Circuit, and four for every other circuit. Translators numbered three for the Liaodong circuit and two for each of the others. Each had one interpreter. In the Han office, clerks numbered fifty where the tax quota reached 1,800,000 strings, forty-five at 1,500,000, forty at 1,200,000, thirty-five at 900,000, thirty at 600,000, twenty-five at 300,000, and twenty below 300,000. Runners numbered seventy for each. Relay escorts numbered fifty each for the Southern Capital, Shandong East and West circuits, Hedong South Circuit, and Hebei West Circuit; forty each for the Western Capital, Hedong North Circuit, and Hebei East Circuit; and thirty for every other circuit.
70
山東鹽使司，與寶坻、滄、解、遼東、西京、北京凡七司
The Shandong Salt Commission, together with Baodi, Cang, Jie, Liaodong, the Western Capital, and the Northern Capital — seven commissions in all.
71
使一員，正五品。 他司皆同。 副使二員，正六品。 它司皆一員。 判官三員，正七品。 泰和作四員，寶坻、解州設二員，余司皆一員。 掌幹鹽利以佐國用。 管勾二十二員，正九品。 寶坻、解、西京則設六員，北京、遼東、滄州則設四員。 同管勾、都同監皆省。 掌分管諸場發買收納恢辦之事。 同管勾五員。 都監八員。 監、同各七員。 知法一員。 司吏二十二人，女直三人，漢人十九人。 譯人一人，抄事、公使四十人，它司皆同。
One commissioner held the senior fifth rank. The other commissions were the same. Two deputy commissioners held the senior sixth rank. All other offices had one post each. There were three judicial officers of senior seventh rank. Under the Taihe reign they were increased to four posts; Baodi and Xie Prefecture each had two; all other offices had one each. They managed salt revenues to support state expenditure. There were twenty-two overseers of senior ninth rank. Baodi, Xie, and the Western Capital each had six; the Northern Capital, Liaodong, and Cangzhou each had four. Co-overseers and metropolitan co-directors were omitted. They oversaw the various salt fields—sales, receipts, collections, and restoration of operations—each in his assigned sector. There were five co-overseers. There were eight metropolitan directors. There were seven directors and seven deputies. There was one legal specialist. Of twenty-two office clerks, three were Jurchen and nineteen were Han. There was one interpreter, forty copy clerks and runners, and other offices followed the same pattern.
72
中都都曲使司。 酒使司、院務、稅醋使司，榷場兼酒使司附。 使，從六品。 副使，正七品。 掌監知人戶醖造曲蘖，辦課以佐國用。 餘酒使監醖辦課同此。 都監二員，正八品。 掌簽署文簿、檢視醖造。 司吏四人，公使十人。 凡京都及真定皆為都曲酒使司，設官吏同此。 它處置酒使司，課及十萬貫以上者設使、副、小都監各一員，五萬貫以上者設使、副各一員，以上皆設司吏三人。 三萬貫以上者設使及都監各一員，司吏二人。 不及二萬貫者為院務，設都監、同監各一員。 不及千貫之院務止設都監一員。 其他稅醋使司、及榷場與酒稅相兼者，視課多寡設官吏，皆同此。 諸酒稅使三萬貫以上者正八品，諸酒榷場使從七品，五萬貫以上副使正八品。
The Central Capital Metropolitan Qu Commissariat. Liquor commissariats, brewery offices, vinegar-tax commissariats, and monopoly markets that also handled liquor were all subordinate to it. The commissioner held junior sixth rank. The deputy commissioner held senior seventh rank. He supervised registered households in brewing malt and yeast and raised revenue to support state expenditure. Other liquor commissariats supervised brewing and raised revenue in the same way. There were two metropolitan directors of senior eighth rank. They signed ledgers and inspected brewing operations. There were four office clerks and ten runners. Every capital and Zhending had a metropolitan qu-and-liquor commissariat, with officials established as here. Elsewhere, where annual revenue reached one hundred thousand strings or more, one commissioner, one deputy, and one junior metropolitan director were appointed; at fifty thousand or more, one commissioner and one deputy; in all such cases there were three office clerks. At thirty thousand strings or more there was one commissioner and one metropolitan director, with two office clerks. Below twenty thousand strings the office was a brewery office, with one metropolitan director and one associate director. Brewery offices taking in less than one thousand strings had only one metropolitan director. Other vinegar-tax commissariats and monopoly markets that also collected liquor tax appointed officials according to revenue, all on the same principle. Liquor-tax commissioners at thirty thousand strings or more held senior eighth rank; monopoly-market liquor commissioners held junior seventh rank; deputy commissioners at fifty thousand or more held senior eighth rank.
73
提舉南京路榷貨事，從六品。
The Commissioner for Monopoly Goods of Nanjing Circuit held junior sixth rank.
74
中都都商稅務司。 使一員，正八品。 副使一員，正九品。 正大元年升為從七品。 掌從實辦課以佐國用。 都監一員，從九品。 掌簽署文簿、巡察匿稅。 司吏四人，公使十人，余置官吏同酒使司。
The Central Capital Metropolitan Commercial Tax Bureau. There was one commissioner of senior eighth rank. There was one deputy commissioner of senior ninth rank. In the first year of the Zhengda reign he was promoted to junior seventh rank. He assessed commercial tax revenue faithfully to support state expenditure. There was one metropolitan director of junior ninth rank. He signed ledgers and inspected for concealed taxation. There were four office clerks and ten runners; other officials were appointed on the same model as the liquor commissariats.
75
中都廣備庫。 使一員，從七品。 副使一員，從八品。 判官一員，正九品。 掌匹帛顏色，油漆諸物出納之事。 攢典四人。 庫子十四人，內十二人收支，二人應辦。 掌排數出納、看守巡護之事，與庫官通管。
The Central Capital Broad Stores Repository. There was one commissioner of junior seventh rank. There was one deputy commissioner of junior eighth rank. There was one judicial officer of senior ninth rank. He handled the receipt and issue of fabrics, dyes, lacquer, paint, and other stores. There were four registry clerks. There were fourteen warehouse attendants—twelve for receipt and issue and two for provisioning. They tallied receipts and issues, kept custody, and patrolled the stores, working jointly with the repository officers.
76
永豐庫。 鍍鐵院都監隸焉。 使一員，從七品。 副使一員，從八品。 判官一員，正九品。 掌泉貨金銀珠玉出納之事。 攢典三人。 庫子十二人，內十人收支，二人應辦。 凡歲收二十五萬貫者置庫子十人，不及二萬貫者置二人。 鍍鐵院都監二員，管勾生熟鐵釘線。 攢典一人。 京、府、鎮、通州並依此置，判官、都監皆省。 或兼軍器並作院，或設使若副一員。 防刺郡設都監一員，仍兼軍器庫。
The Ever-Abundant Repository. The metropolitan director of the Plated-Iron Yard was subordinate to it. There was one commissioner of junior seventh rank. There was one deputy commissioner of junior eighth rank. There was one judicial officer of senior ninth rank. He handled the receipt and issue of currency, gold, silver, pearls, and jade. There were three registry clerks. There were twelve warehouse attendants—ten for receipt and issue and two for provisioning. Where annual receipts reached two hundred fifty thousand strings, ten warehouse attendants were appointed; below twenty thousand strings, two. Two metropolitan directors of the Plated-Iron Yard oversaw wrought and cast iron, nails, and wire. There was one registry clerk. Capitals, prefectures, districts, and Tongzhou were all organized on this model, but judicial officers and metropolitan directors were omitted. Some posts were combined with the Armory and Works Yard; others had a single commissioner or deputy. Defense-and-pacification commanderies had one metropolitan director, who also oversaw the armory store.
77
南京交鈔庫。 使一員，正八品。 副使一員，正九品。 掌出入錢鈔兌便之事。 攢典二人，攢寫計帳、類會合同。 庫子八人，掌受納錢數、辨驗交鈔、毀舊主簿曆。
The Southern Capital Exchange-Notes Repository. There was one commissioner of senior eighth rank. There was one deputy commissioner of senior ninth rank. He handled the receipt and issue of cash and paper notes and their exchange. Two registry clerks compiled ledgers and classified contracts. Eight warehouse attendants received cash, verified exchange notes, and destroyed obsolete master ledgers.
78
中都流泉務。 大定十三年，上謂宰臣曰：「聞民間質典，利息重者至五七分，或以利為本，小民苦之。 若官為設庫務，十中取一為息，以助官吏廩給之費，似可便民。 卿等其議以聞。」 有司奏於中都、南京、東平、真定等處並置質典庫，以流泉為名，各設使、副一員。 凡典質物，使、副親評價直，許典七分，月利一分，不及一月者以日計之。 經二周年外，又逾月不贖，即聽下架出賣。 出帖子作寫質物人姓名，物之名色，金銀等第分兩，及所典年月日錢貫，下架年月之類。 若亡失者，收贖日勒合幹人，驗元典官本，併合該利息，陪償入官外，更勒庫子，驗典物日上等時估償之，物雖故舊，依新價償。 仍委運司佐貳幕官識漢字者一員提控，若有違犯則究治。 每月具數申報上司。 大定二十八年十月，京府節度州添設流泉務，凡二十八所。 明昌元年，皆罷之。 二年，在都依舊存設。 使一員，正八品。 副使一員，正九品。 掌解典諸物、流通泉貨。 勾當官一員。 攢典二人。
The Central Capital Current Spring Office. In the thirteenth year of the Dading reign, the emperor told his ministers, "I hear that private pawnshops sometimes charge fifty to seventy percent interest, or even treat interest as principal—the common people suffer greatly from this. If the state established repository offices and took one part in ten as interest to help pay officials' grain salaries, that might actually benefit the people. Deliberate on this and report to me." The relevant offices then memorialized that pawn repositories named Current Spring should be established at the Central Capital, Southern Capital, Dongping, Zhending, and elsewhere, each with one commissioner and one deputy. For every pledged article the commissioner and deputy personally appraised its value; loans might reach seventy percent of that value; monthly interest was ten percent; periods under one month were calculated by the day. If redemption had not been made within two full years plus one further month, the article might be removed from storage and sold. A placard was issued recording the pledger's name, the article's name and kind, the grade and weight of any gold or silver, the cash advanced and the date of the pawn, the date of removal from storage, and the like. If an article was lost, on the redemption date the guarantor was compelled to make good: the original pawn officer's record was verified, principal and accrued interest were paid into the treasury, and the warehouse attendants were further compelled to compensate at the top market price on the day of the pawn—even an old article was paid for at the new price. One transport-office assistant or staff official who could read Chinese was also appointed to supervise; violations were investigated and punished. Each month accounts were submitted to the superior office. In the tenth month of the twenty-eighth year of Dading, Current Spring offices were added in capital prefectures, military commissions, and prefectures—twenty-eight in all. In the first year of Mingchang they were all abolished. In the second year the capital office alone was retained as before. There was one commissioner of senior eighth rank. There was one deputy commissioner of senior ninth rank. He redeemed pledged goods and kept currency in circulation. There was one handling officer. There were two registry clerks.
79
中都店宅務。 管勾四員，正九品。 各以二員分左右廂，掌官房地基，徵收官錢、檢料修造摧毀房舍。 攢典，左右廂各五人，掌徵收及檢料修造房屋之事。 庫子，左右廂各三人。 催錢人，左右廂各十五人，又別設左廂平樂樓花園子一名，右廂館子四人。
The Central Capital Lodging-and-Property Office. There were four overseers of senior ninth rank. Two overseers served each wing—the left and the right—managing government house lots and foundations, collecting official rents, and inspecting repairs or decay of buildings. Each wing had five registry clerks who collected rents and inspected repairs to houses. Each wing had three warehouse attendants. Each wing had fifteen rent collectors; the left wing also had one Pingle Tower garden attendant, and the right wing four lodge attendants.
80
南京店宅務同。
The Southern Capital Lodging-and-Property Office followed the same arrangement.
81
中都左右廂別貯院。 使一員，從八品。 副使一員，正九品。 判官，從九品。 掌拘收退樸等物及出給之事。 攢典、庫子，同前。
The Central Capital Left and Right Wing Separate Storage Depot. There was one commissioner of junior eighth rank. There was one deputy commissioner of senior ninth rank. The judicial officer held junior ninth rank. He took custody of returned coarse goods and handled their issue. Registry clerks and warehouse attendants were appointed as before.
82
中都木場。 使一員，從八品。 副使一員，判官一員，皆正九品。 掌拘收材木諸物及出給之事。 司吏一人，庫子四人，花料一人，木匠一人。
The Central Capital Timber Yard. There was one commissioner of junior eighth rank. There was one deputy commissioner and one judicial officer, both of senior ninth rank. He took custody of timber and other materials and handled their issue. There was one office clerk, four warehouse attendants, one ornamental-materials clerk, and one carpenter.
83
中都買物司。 使一員，從八品。 副使一員，正九品。 掌收買官中所用諸物。 都監四員，從九品。 掌支應等事。 司吏二人。
The Central Capital Purchasing Office. There was one commissioner of junior eighth rank. There was one deputy commissioner of senior ninth rank. He purchased all goods required by the government. There were four metropolitan directors of junior ninth rank. They handled disbursements and related duties. There were two office clerks.
84
京兆府司竹監。 管勾一員，從七品。 掌耨養竹園采斫之事。 司吏一人，監兵百人，給耨養采斫之役。
The Jingzhao Prefecture Bamboo-Supervision Office. There was one overseer of junior seventh rank. He tended the bamboo gardens and supervised cutting. There was one office clerk and one hundred supervised soldiers for tending, cutting, and harvesting.
85
諸綾綿院。 置於真定、平陽、太原、河間、懷州。 使一員，正八品。 副使一員，正九品。 掌織造常課匹段之事。
The various damask-and-cotton weaving yards. They were established at Zhending, Pingyang, Taiyuan, Hejian, and Huai Prefecture. There was one commissioner of senior eighth rank. There was one deputy commissioner of senior ninth rank. They wove the regular tribute bolts of cloth.
86
規措京兆府、耀州、三白渠公事。 規措官，正七品。 掌灌溉民田。 點檢渠堰官一員，掌點檢啟閉涇陽等縣渠堰。 司吏三人。
Planning the Public Works of Jingzhao Prefecture, Yaozhou, and the Three White Canal. The planning officer held senior seventh rank. He managed irrigation of the people's fields. One canal-and-dyke inspection officer inspected the opening and closing of dykes on the canals in Jingyang and other counties. There were three office clerks.
87
漕運司。 提舉一員，正五品。 景州刺史兼領。 掌河倉漕運之事。 同提舉一員，正六品。 勾當官，從八品。 掌催督起運綱船。 司吏六人，分掌課使、起運兩科，各設孔目官，前後行各一人。 儤使科，掌吏、戶、禮案。 起運科，掌兵、刑、工案。 公使八十一人，押綱官七十六人。 景州依此置。 肇州以提舉兼本州同知，同提舉兼州判。
The Grain Transport Office. There was one commissioner of senior fifth rank. The post was concurrently held by the prefect of Jing Prefecture. He managed river granaries and grain transport. There was one co-commissioner of senior sixth rank. The handling officer held junior eighth rank. He urged the dispatch and departure of convoy ships. Six office clerks were divided between the revenue-assessment section and the dispatch section; each section had a registry chief, one forward clerk, and one rear clerk. The duty-rotation section handled personnel, household, and rites cases. The dispatch section handled military, penal, and works cases. There were eighty-one runners and seventy-six convoy escort officers. Jing Prefecture was organized on this model. At Zhaozhou the commissioner also served as associate prefect of that prefecture, and the co-commissioner also served as prefectural judge.
88
諸倉。 使，正八品。 副使，正九品。 掌倉廩畜積、受納租稅、支給祿廩之事。 攢典，掌收支文曆、行署案牘。 歲收一萬石以上設二人。 倉子，掌斛鬥盤量、出納看守之事。
The various granaries. The commissioner held senior eighth rank. The deputy commissioner held senior ninth rank. They stored grain, received rent and tax, and disbursed salary grain. Registry clerks kept receipt-and-issue ledgers and handled documents. Where annual receipts reached ten thousand piculs or more, two registry clerks were appointed. Granary attendants measured with dou and hu, handled receipt and issue, and kept custody.
89
草場。 使，副使，掌儲積受給之事。 攢典二人。 場子，掌積垛、出納、看守、巡護之事，歲收五萬以上設四人。 中都、南京、歸德、河南、京兆、鳳翔依此置。 西京省副使，餘京節鎮科設使副一員，防刺仍舊，置都監一員。
The fodder yards. The commissioner and deputy commissioner stored fodder, received supplies, and made disbursements. There were two registry clerks. Yard attendants stacked fodder, handled receipt and issue, kept custody, and patrolled; where annual receipts reached fifty thousand or more, four were appointed. The Central Capital, Southern Capital, Guide, Henan, Jingzhao, and Fengxiang were all organized on this model. The Western Capital omitted the deputy commissioner; other capitals and military commissions each had one commissioner and one deputy; defense-and-pacification prefectures were unchanged, with one metropolitan director.
90
南京諸倉監支納官、草場監支納官，正八品。
The Southern Capital's various granary disbursement officers and fodder-yard disbursement officers held senior eighth rank.
91
南京提控規運柴炭場。 使，從五品。 副使，正六品。
The Southern Capital Commissioner Overseeing Planned Operation of the Charcoal Yard. The commissioner held junior fifth rank. The deputy commissioner held senior sixth rank.
92
京西規運柴炭場。 使，從八品。 副使，正九品。
The Western Capital Planned-Operation Charcoal Yard. The commissioner held junior eighth rank. The deputy commissioner held senior ninth rank.
93
諸總管府節鎮兵馬司
Various Metropolitan-Prefecture and Military-Commission Horse-and-Troop Offices
94
都指揮使一員，正五品。 巡捕盜賊，提控禁夜，糾察諸博徒、屠宰牛馬，總判司事。 副都指揮使二員，正六品。 貳使職，通判司事，分管內外，巡捕盜賊。 軍典十二人，掌本庫名籍、差遣文簿、行署文書、巡捕等事，餘軍典同此。 司吏一人，譯人一人，公使十人。 指揮使一員，從六品。 鈐轄四都之兵以屬都指揮使，專署本指揮使事。 軍使一員，正七品。 指揮之職，左右什將各一人，共管一都。 軍典二人，營典一人，左、右承局各一人，左、右押官各一人。 以上軍員每百人為一指揮使，各一員分四都，每都設左右什將、承局、押官各一。 若人數不及，附近相合者，並依上置。 如無可相合者，三百人以上為一指揮，二百人以上止設指揮使，一百人止設軍使，仍每百人以上立為一都，不及百人設什將、承局、押官各一。 其指揮下軍使，什將下軍典、營典、各同此置。 惟北京、西京止設使、副各一員。
There was one metropolitan commander of senior fifth rank. He patrolled to capture bandits, enforced the night curfew, investigated gamblers and illegal slaughter of cattle and horses, and overall adjudicated the office's affairs. There were two deputy metropolitan commanders of senior sixth rank. They assisted in command, jointly handled office affairs, divided inner and outer sectors, and patrolled to capture bandits. Twelve military registry clerks maintained this office's name rolls, dispatch documents, routine paperwork, and patrol duties; other military registry clerks followed the same pattern. There was one office clerk, one interpreter, and ten runners. There was one commander of junior sixth rank. He commanded the troops of four companies under the metropolitan commander and handled that commander's exclusive duties. There was one troop commander of senior seventh rank. Under the commander, left and right squad leaders—one of each—jointly managed one company. There were two military registry clerks, one camp registry clerk, one left and one right duty officer, and one left and one right escort officer. For every hundred troops there was one commander, divided into four companies; each company had one left squad leader, one right squad leader, one duty officer, and one escort officer. If numbers fell short, nearby units that could be combined were merged and organized as above. Where no combination was possible, three hundred or more men had one commander; two hundred or more had a commander alone; one hundred had a troop commander alone; yet for every hundred men or more one company was still formed; below one hundred there was one squad leader, one duty officer, and one escort officer. Troop commanders under commanders, and squad leaders with their military and camp registry clerks, were all appointed on the same principle. Only the Northern Capital and Western Capital each had one commander and one deputy.
95
諸府鎮都軍司
Various Prefecture-and-District Metropolitan Troop Offices
96
都指揮使一員，正七品。 節鎮軍都指揮使則從七品。 掌軍率差役、巡捕盜賊，總判軍事，仍與錄事同管城隍。 軍典二人，公使六人，凡諸府及節鎮並依此置。
There was one metropolitan commander of senior seventh rank. On military commissions the metropolitan troop commander held junior seventh rank. He led troops in corvée service, patrolled to capture bandits, overall adjudicated military affairs, and still jointly managed the city moat with the registrar. There were two military registry clerks and six runners; all prefectures and military commissions were organized on this model.
97
諸防刺州
Various Defense-and-Pacification Prefectures
98
軍轄一員，掌同都軍，兼巡捕，仍與司候同管城壁。 軍典二人。
One troop overseer had the same duties as the metropolitan troop office, including patrol, and still jointly managed the city walls with the gate officer. There were two military registry clerks.
99
諸府州
Various Prefectures and Districts
100
兵馬鈐轄一員，從六品。 掌巡捕盜賊。 若有盜，則總押隨處巡尉，並力擒捕。 司吏二人。 京兆、咸平、濟南、鳳翔、萊、密、懿、鞏州並依此置。 惟京兆、咸平府置兵馬都鈐轄，餘並省。
There was one horse-and-troop controller of junior sixth rank. He patrolled to capture bandits. When bandits appeared, he commanded all local patrol guards and pressed the hunt together with them. There were two office clerks. Jingzhao, Xianping, Jinan, Fengxiang, Lai, Mi, Yi, and Gong Prefecture were all organized on this model. Only Jingzhao and Xianping Prefectures had metropolitan horse-and-troop controllers; all others omitted that post.
101
諸巡檢
Various Patrol Inspectors
102
中都東北都巡檢使一員，正七品。 通州置司，分管大興、漷陰、昌平、通、順、薊、盈州界盜賊事。 司吏一人，掌行署文書。 馬軍十五人，于武衛馬軍內選少壯熟閑弓馬人充。
The Central Capital Northeast Metropolitan Patrol Inspector held senior seventh rank. The office was at Tongzhou and covered bandit suppression in Daxing, Huayin, Changping, Tong, Shun, Ji, and Ying Prefecture. One office clerk handled routine documents. Fifteen cavalrymen were chosen from the Martial Guard horse troops—young, strong men skilled with bow and horse.
103
西南都巡檢一員，正七品。 良鄉縣置司，分管良鄉、宛平、安次、永清縣並涿、易州界盜賊事。
The Southwest Metropolitan Patrol Inspector held senior seventh rank. The office was at Liangxiang County and covered bandit suppression in Liangxiang, Wanping, Anci, and Yongqing counties and in Zhuo and Yi Prefecture.
104
都巡檢使各一員，正七品。 副都巡檢使各一員，正八品。 司吏各一人。 右宿、泗、唐、鄧、察、亳、陳、穎、德、華、河、隴、泰等州並西北路依此置，餘不加「使」字。
Each metropolitan patrol inspector held senior seventh rank. Each deputy metropolitan patrol inspector held senior eighth rank. Each office had one clerk. Su, Si, Tang, Deng, Cha, Bo, Chen, Ying, De, Hua, He, Long, Tai, and other prefectures, together with the Northwest Route, followed this establishment; other posts omitted the title suffix shi.
105
散巡檢，正九品。 內泗州以管勾排岸兼之。 皆設副巡檢一員，為之佐。 右地險要處置司。 唐、鄧、宿、泗、穎、壽、蔡等州及緣邊二十五處置。 大定二十二年，廣寧府大斧山置巡檢司。 明昌五年七月，升蔡州劉輝村置巡檢。
The Detached Patrol Inspector held the senior ninth rank. At Sizhou the Shore-Berth Supervisor held the post concurrently. Each post had one Deputy Patrol Inspector as assistant. Offices were established at strategically critical locations. They were established at Tang, Deng, Su, Si, Ying, Shou, Cai, and other prefectures and at twenty-five frontier posts. In Dading year 22 a Patrol Inspector office was established at Dafu Mountain in Guangning Prefecture. In Mingchang year 5, seventh month, Liuhui Village in Cai Prefecture was elevated and given a patrol inspector.
106
潼關。 關使兼譏察官，正七品。 掌關禁、譏察奸偽及管鑰啟閉。 副譏察，正九品。 掌任使之事。 司吏二人，女直、漢人各一。
Tong Pass. The Pass Commissioner, concurrently Inspection Commissioner, held the senior seventh rank. He was in charge of pass prohibitions, inspection for impostors and fraud, and custody of the keys and opening and closing the gates. The Deputy Inspector held the senior ninth rank. He was in charge of assignments and dispatch. There were two clerks, one Jurchen and one Han.
107
居庸關、紫荊關、通會關、會安關及他關。 皆設使，從七品。
Juyong Pass, Zijing Pass, Tonghui Pass, Huian Pass, and other passes. Each had a commissioner at the junior seventh rank.
108
大慶關。 管勾河橋官兼譏察事一員，正八品。 掌解系浮橋、濟渡舟楫、巡視河道、修完埽岸、兼率埽兵四時功役、栽植榆柳、預備物料、譏察奸偽等事。 同管勾一員。 司吏二人，女直、漢人各一人。 九鼎、大陽津渡，惟置譏察官一員。
Daqing Pass. One River-Bridges Supervisor concurrently handling inspection affairs held the senior eighth rank. He was in charge of releasing and securing pontoon bridges, ferrying boats, patrolling waterways, repairing embankments, leading embankment troops in seasonal labor, planting elms and willows, preparing materials, inspecting for impostors and fraud, and related matters. There was one Associate Supervisor. There were two clerks, one Jurchen and one Han. At Jiuding and Dayang Fords only one Inspection Commissioner was posted.
109
孟津渡。 譏察一員，正八品。 掌譏察奸偽。 副譏察一員，正九品。 司吏二人。
Mengjin Ford. One Inspector held the senior eighth rank. He was in charge of inspecting for impostors and fraud. One Deputy Inspector held the senior ninth rank. There were two clerks.
110
提舉譏察使，正五品。 副使，從五品。 陝西一員，河南二員。 南遷置譏察使，從七品。 副使，正八品。 南遷後，陝西置於秦州，河南置於唐、鄧、息、壽、泗五州。
The Commissioner for Elevating Inspection Affairs held the senior fifth rank. The Deputy Commissioner held the junior fifth rank. There was one post in Shaanxi and two in Henan. After the southern relocation, Inspection Commissioners were established at the junior seventh rank. Deputy Commissioners held the senior eighth rank. After the southern relocation the Shaanxi office was placed at Qin Prefecture and the Henan office at Tang, Deng, Xi, Shou, and Si—five prefectures in all.
111
提舉秦、藍兩關，提舉，從五品。 同提舉，正六品。 南遷後置。
The Commissioner for Elevating the Qin and Lan Passes held the junior fifth rank. The Associate Commissioner held the senior sixth rank. The office was established after the southern relocation.
112
提舉三門，集津南北岸，正六品。 南遷後置。
The Commissioner for Elevating the Three Gates and the north and south banks of Jijin held the senior sixth rank. The office was established after the southern relocation.
113
沿淮譏察使，從五品。
The Inspector along the Huai held the junior fifth rank.
114
管勾泗州兼排岸巡檢，正九品。
The Supervisor of Sizhou, concurrently Shore Berth and Patrol Inspector, held the senior ninth rank.
115
諸邊將
Frontier Generals.
116
正將一員，正七品。 掌提控部保將、輪番巡守邊境。 副將一員，正八品。 部將一員，正九品。 輪番巡守邊境。 隊將，正九品。 鄜延九將，慶陽十將，臨洮十四將，鳳翔十六將，河東三將，並依此置。
One Chief Commander held the senior seventh rank. He supervised the garrison company commanders and rotated patrol duty along the frontier. One Deputy Commander held the senior eighth rank. One Company Commander held the senior ninth rank. He rotated patrol duty along the frontier. The Squad Commander held the senior ninth rank. Nine commands at Yan'an, ten at Qingyang, fourteen at Lintao, sixteen at Fengxiang, and three in Hedong were all established according to this pattern.
117
統軍司河南、山西、陝西，益都
Army Control Commissions: Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Yidu.
118
使一員，正三品。 督領軍馬、鎮攝封陲、分營衛、視察奸。 副統軍一員，正四品。 判官一員，從五品。 紀綱庶務，簽判司事。 大定九年置。 知事一員，從七品。 知法二員，從八品。 女直、漢人各一。 書史十三人，女直八人。 漢人五人，掌行署文牘、上名監印。 守當官四人，譯書四人，通事一人，抄事一人，公使五十人。 河南依此置，山東不設判官，知法以益都府知法兼之。
One Commissioner held the senior third rank. He supervised troops and horses, secured the frontier marches, divided camp guards, and inspected for malfeasance. One Deputy Army Controller held the senior fourth rank. One Adjudicator held the junior fifth rank. He maintained discipline over general affairs and signed and adjudicated office business. The commission was established in Dading year 9. One Administrative Officer held the junior seventh rank. Two Legal Specialists held the junior eighth rank. One was Jurchen and one Han. There were thirteen document clerks, eight of them Jurchen. Five were Han; they prepared office documents and registered and sealed correspondence. There were four duty officers, four translators, one interpreter, one copyist, and fifty relay escorts. Henan followed this establishment; Shandong had no adjudicator, and legal specialists were held concurrently by those of Yidu Prefecture.
119
招討司
Pacification Commissions.
120
三處置，西北路、西南路、東北路。 使一員，正三品。 副招討使二員，從四品。 招懷降附、征討攜離。 判官一員，從六品，紀綱職務、簽判司事。 勘事官一員，從七品。 知事一員，正八品。 知法二員，從八品。 女直、漢人各一。 司吏十九人。 譯人三人。 通事六人，內諸部三人、河西一人。 移剌三十人，以上各充都管。 抄事一人。 公使五十人。 西北路增勘事官一員。 東北路不置漢人知法。
They were established at three locations: the Northwest Route, Southwest Route, and Northeast Route. One Commissioner held the senior third rank. Two Deputy Pacification Commissioners held the junior fourth rank. They won over those who surrendered and campaigned against those who broke away. One Adjudicator held the junior sixth rank, maintaining discipline and signing office business. One Investigating Officer held the junior seventh rank. One Administrative Officer held the senior eighth rank. Two Legal Specialists held the junior eighth rank. One was Jurchen and one Han. There were nineteen clerks. There were three translators. There were six interpreters, three for the various tribes and one for Hexi. Thirty Yila, all of whom listed above served as chief stewards. There was one copyist. There were fifty relay escorts. The Northwest Route added one Investigating Officer. The Northeast Route did not appoint a Han legal specialist.
121
諸猛安
Various Meng'an.
122
謀克隸焉。
Mouke units were subordinate to them.
123
猛安，從四品。 掌修理軍務、訓練武藝、勸課農桑，餘同防禦。 司吏四人，譯一人，撻馬、差役人數並同舊例。
The meng'an held the junior fourth rank. He maintained military affairs, trained martial skills, and urged farming and sericulture; his other duties matched those of a Defense Commissioner. There were four clerks and one translator; runners and corvée laborers followed the old precedent.
124
諸謀克
Various Mouke.
125
從五品。 掌撫輯軍戶、訓練武藝。 惟不管常平倉，余同縣令。 女直司吏一人，譯人一人，撻馬。
The mouke held the junior fifth rank. He soothed military households and trained martial skills. He did not manage the Ever-Normal Granary; otherwise his duties matched those of a county magistrate. There was one Jurchen office clerk, one translator, and runners.
126
諸部族節度使
Tribal-Group Military Commissioners.
127
節度使一員，從三品。 統制各部，鎮撫諸軍，餘同州節度。 副使一員，從五品。 判官一員。 知法一員。 司吏四人，女直、漢人各半。 通事一人，譯人一人，撻馬。 右部羅火部族、土魯渾部族並依此置。
One Military Commissioner held the junior third rank. He controlled all tribal sections and pacified the various armies; his other duties matched those of a prefectural military commission. One Deputy Commissioner held the junior fifth rank. There was one Adjudicator. There was one Legal Specialist. There were four clerks, Jurchen and Han in equal numbers. There was one interpreter, one translator, and runners. The Borluo Fire and Turghun tribal groups were both established according to this pattern.
128
詳穩一員，從五品。 掌守戍邊堡，余同謀克。 皇統八年六月，設本班左右詳穩，定為從五品。 麼忽一員，從八品。 掌貳詳穩。 司史三人，習尼昆，掌本颭差役等事。 撻馬，隨從也。 咩颭、唐古颭、移剌颭、木典颭、骨典颭、失魯颭並依此置。 惟失魯颭添設譯人一名。 《士民須知》某年有慈謨典颭、胡都颭、霞馬颭，無失魯颭、移典颭。
One xiangwen held the junior fifth rank. He garrisoned the frontier forts; his other duties matched those of a mouke. In Huangtong year 8, sixth month, Left and Right Xiangwen of the Inner Guard were established at the junior fifth rank. One mohu held the junior eighth rank. He assisted the xiangwen. Three office clerks versed in the Nikun handled corvée assignments for the ban and related matters. Runners served as attendants. The Mie, Tanggu, Yila, Mudian, Gudian, and Shilu bans all followed this establishment. Only the Shilu Ban had one additional translator. What the People Must Know records that in a certain year the Cimu Dian, Hudu, and Xiamo bans existed, but not the Shilu or Yidian bans.
129
諸移裏堇司
Various Yilijin Offices.
130
移裏堇一員，從八品。 分掌部族村寨事。 司吏，女直一人、漢人一人。 習尼昆，掌本颭差役等事，撻馬。 右土魯渾部族南北移裏堇司依此置。 部羅火部族左右移裏堇司置女直司吏一人。
One yilijin held the junior eighth rank. He separately administered tribal villages and stockaded hamlets. There were one Jurchen clerk and one Han clerk. Clerks versed in the Nikun handled corvée for the ban and related matters; there were also runners. The Northern and Southern Yilijin Offices of the Turghun tribal group followed this establishment. The Left and Right Yilijin Offices of the Borluo Fire tribal group each had one Jurchen office clerk.
131
諸禿裏
Various Tulü.
132
禿裏一員，從七品。 掌部落詞訟、防察違背等事。 女直司吏一人，通事一人。
One tulü held the junior seventh rank. He handled tribal lawsuits and guarded against violations. There was one Jurchen office clerk and one interpreter.
133
諸群牧所
Various Herd-Pasturage Offices.
134
又國言謂烏魯古。 提控諸烏魯古一員，正四品。 明昌四年置。 是年以安遠大將軍尚廄局使石抹貞兼慶州刺史為之，設女直司吏三人，譯一人，通事一人。 使一員，從四品。 國言作烏魯古使。 副使一員，從六品。 掌檢校群牧畜養蕃息之事。 判官一員，正八品。 掌簽判本所事。 知法一員，從八品。 女直司吏四人，譯人一人，撻馬十六人，使八人，副五人，判三人。 又設埽穩脫朵，分掌諸畜，所謂牛馬群子也。 惟板底因、烏解、忒恩、蒲鮮群牧依此置。
In the national language they were called urugu. One Commissioner Supervising All Urugu held the senior fourth rank. The office was established in Mingchang year 4. That year An'yuan Grand General and Imperial Stud Bureau Commissioner Shimozhen was appointed concurrently prefect of Qing Prefecture, with three Jurchen office clerks, one translator, and one interpreter. One Commissioner held the junior fourth rank. In the national language he was called the urugu commissioner. One Deputy Commissioner held the junior sixth rank. He inspected herd pasturage, raised livestock, and increased their numbers. One Adjudicator held the senior eighth rank. He signed and adjudicated this office's business. One Legal Specialist held the junior eighth rank. There were four Jurchen office clerks, one translator, and sixteen runners: eight for commissioners, five for deputies, and three for adjudicators. Saowen tuoduo were also established to administer the various herds—the cattle-and-horse droves. Only the Bandiyin, Wujie, Te'en, and Puxian herd-pasturage offices followed this establishment.