1
初，穆宗之前，諸部長各刻信牌，交互馳驛，訊事擾人。 太祖獻議，自非穆宗之命，擅制牌號者置重法。 自是，號令始一。 收國二年九月，始制金牌，後又有銀牌、木牌之制。 蓋金牌以授萬戶，銀牌以授猛安，木牌則謀克、蒲輦所佩者也。 故國初與空名宣頭付軍帥，以為功賞。
In the early days, before the reign of Emperor Muzong, each tribal chief carved his own travel tally and sent relay riders back and forth on inquiries, harassing the populace. Emperor Taizu proposed that anyone who presumptuously made tallies or insignia without Muzong's authorization should face severe penalties. From then on, imperial commands were finally unified. In the ninth month of the second year of Shouguo (1116), the gold tally was instituted; silver and wooden tallies were added later. Gold tallies went to wanhu commanders, silver tallies to meng'an, and wooden tallies were worn by mouke and puyan officers. At the founding of the dynasty, blank appointment edicts were issued to military commanders as rewards for distinguished service.
2
遞牌，即國初之信牌也。 至皇統五年三月，複更造金銀牌，其制皆不傳。 大定二十九年，制綠油紅字者，尚書省文字省遞用之。 硃漆金字者，敕遞用之。 並左右司掌之，有合遞文字，則牌送各部，付馬鋪轉遞，日行二百五十裏。 如台部別奉聖旨文字，亦給如上制。
Dispatch tallies were simply the credential tallies used at the dynasty's founding. In the third month of the fifth year of Huangtong (1145), gold and silver tallies were reissued, though their specifications have not survived. In the twenty-ninth year of Dading (1189), a green-lacquer, red-character tally was established for provincial dispatch of Secretariat documents. Cinnabar-lacquer tallies with gold characters were used for imperial-edict dispatch. Both types were kept by the Left and Right Bureaus of the Secretariat. When documents required dispatch, a tally was sent to each department and handed to relay stations for transfer, at a rate of two hundred fifty li per day. Documents bearing separate imperial rescripts from the Censorate were issued under the same regulations.
3
虎符之制，承安元年制。 以禮官言，漢與郡國守相為銅虎符，唐以銅魚符，起軍旅、易守長等用之。 至是，斟酌漢、唐典故，其符用虎，並五左一右，左者留御前，以侍臣親密者掌之，其右付隨路統軍司、招討司長官主之，闕則次官主之。 若發兵三百人以上及徵兵、召易本司長貳官，從尚書省奏請左第一符，近侍局以囊封付主奏者，尚書備錄聖旨，與符以函同封，用尚書省印記之，皆專使帶牌馳送至彼。 主符者視其封，以右符勘合，然後奉行，若一有參差者，不敢承用。 主者複用囊封貯左符，上用職印，具發兵狀與符以本司印封，即日還付使者，送尚書省以進，乃更其封，以付內掌之人。 若複有事，左符以次出，周而復始，仍各置曆注付受日月。 若盜賊急速不容先陳者，雖三百人以上，其掌兵官司亦許給付，隨即言上，詔即施行之。 貞祐三年，更定樞密院用鹿符，宣撫司用魚符，統軍司用虎符。 若發銀牌，若省付部及點檢司者，左右司用匣封印，驗封交受。 若發於他處，並封題押，以匣貯之。
The tiger-tally system was established in the first year of Chengan (1196). Ceremonial officials noted that the Han used paired bronze tiger tallies shared with commandery and prefecture administrators, while the Tang used bronze fish tallies for mobilizing troops, replacing local officials, and similar purposes. Drawing on Han and Tang precedents, the Jin adopted a tiger-shaped tally in sets of five left halves and one right half. The left halves remained at court in the custody of trusted intimate attendants; the right half was held by the senior officer of each route's Regional Military Command or Pacification Commission, or by the deputy in his absence. To mobilize three hundred or more troops, conscript soldiers, or summon and replace the chief and deputy officers of a bureau, the Secretariat would request the first left tally. The Inner Service Bureau sealed it in a pouch and delivered it to the chief petitioner; the Secretariat recorded the imperial rescript, placed the tally in a case with it, affixed the Secretariat seal, and dispatched a special messenger bearing the tally at full relay speed. The officer holding the tally examined the seal and verified it against the right half before acting on the order; if anything did not match, he dared not accept it. The receiving officer resealed the left tally in a pouch, affixed his office seal, prepared a mobilization report, and sealed both report and tally with his bureau's seal. He returned them the same day to the messenger, who delivered them to the Secretariat; the seal was then changed and the tally restored to its inner custodian. When further orders arose, the left tallies were issued in rotation, cycling through the set again and again, with registers recording the dates of each transfer. In emergencies involving bandits when there was no time to report first, even for mobilizations of three hundred or more, the bureau in charge of troops was permitted to issue the tally immediately and report afterward; the order took effect at once. In the third year of Zhenyou (1215), new rules assigned deer tallies to the Privy Council, fish tallies to Pacification Commissions, and tiger tallies to Regional Military Commands. When silver tallies were dispatched from the Secretariat to a department or the Inspection Bureau, the Left and Right Bureaus sealed them in a case and verified the seal upon receipt. When dispatched elsewhere, they were sealed, labeled, and stored in a case.
4
太子之寶。 大定二十二年，世宗幸上京。 鑄「守國之寶」以授皇太子。 二十八年，世宗不豫，以皇太孫攝政，鑄「攝政之寶」。 貞祐三年十二月，以皇太子守緒控制樞密院，詔以金鑄「撫軍之寶」，如世宗時制，於啟稟之際用之。
The Heir Apparent's Seal. In the twenty-second year of Dading (1182), Emperor Shizong visited Shangjing. He cast the Seal for Guarding the Realm and bestowed it on the Crown Prince. In the twenty-eighth year (1188), when Emperor Shizong fell ill, the Imperial Grandson served as regent and the Regency Seal was cast. In the twelfth month of the third year of Zhenyou (1215), Crown Prince Shouxu was placed in charge of the Privy Council. An edict ordered a gold Seal for Pacifying the Army cast, following Emperor Shizong's precedent, for use when presenting reports to the throne.
5
百官之印。 天會六年，始詔給諸司，其前所帶印記無問有無新給，悉上送官，敢匿者國有常憲。 至正隆元年，以內外官印新舊名及階品大小不一，有用遼、宋舊印及契丹字者，遂定制，命禮部更鑄焉。 三師、三公、親王、尚書令並金印，方二寸，重八十兩，駝紐。 一字王印，方一寸七分半，金鍍銀，重四十兩，鍍金三字。 諸郡王印，方一寸六分半，金鍍銀，重三十五兩，鍍金三字。 國公無印。 一品印，方一寸六分半，金鍍銀，重三十五兩，鍍金三字。 二品印，方一寸六分，金鍍銅，重二十六兩。 東宮三師、宰執與郡王同。 三品印，方一寸五分半，銅，重二十四兩。 四品印，方一寸五分，銅，重二十兩。 五品印，方一寸四分，銅，重二十兩。 六品印，一寸三分，銅，重十六兩。 七品印，一寸二分，銅，重十六兩。 八品印，一寸一分半，銅，重十四兩。 九品印，一寸一分，銅，重十四兩。 凡硃記，方一寸，銅，重十四兩。
Seals of the Hundred Officials. In the sixth year of Tianhui (1128), an edict first granted official seals to all bureaus. All previously held seals, whether old or newly issued, had to be surrendered; concealment was punishable under statute. By the first year of Zhenglong (1156), official seals inside and outside the capital bore inconsistent names and ranks of varying sizes; some still used old Liao and Song seals or Khitan script. Standard regulations were therefore established and the Ministry of Rites ordered to recast all seals. The Three Preceptors, Three Dukes, Princes, and Director of the Department all received gold seals two cun square, weighing eighty liang, with camel-shaped knobs. Princes with single-character titles received seals one cun and seven and a half fen square, of gilt silver weighing forty liang, with three gilt-gold characters. Commandery princes received seals one cun and six and a half fen square, of gilt silver weighing thirty-five liang, with three gilt-gold characters. State Dukes received no seal. First-rank seals were one cun and six and a half fen square, of gilt silver weighing thirty-five liang, with three gilt-gold characters. Second-rank seals were one cun and six fen square, of gilt copper weighing twenty-six liang. The Three Preceptors of the Eastern Palace and chief ministers received the same seals as commandery princes. Third-rank seals were one cun and five and a half fen square, of copper weighing twenty-four liang. Fourth-rank seals were one cun and five fen square, of copper weighing twenty liang. Fifth-rank seals were one cun and four fen square, of copper weighing twenty liang. Sixth-rank seals were one cun and three fen square, of copper weighing sixteen liang. Seventh-rank seals were one cun and two fen square, of copper weighing sixteen liang. Eighth-rank seals were one cun and one and a half fen square, of copper weighing fourteen liang. Ninth-rank seals were one cun and one fen square, of copper weighing fourteen liang. All secondary vermillion seals were one cun square, of copper weighing fourteen liang.
6
以鐵為之，狀如卷瓦。 刻字畫襴，以金填之。 外以禦寶為合，半留內府，以賞殊功也。
It was made of iron, shaped like a curved roof tile. Characters and decorative patterns were carved and inlaid with gold. The imperial seal served as the outer cover; half the certificate was kept in the inner palace, to reward exceptional merit.
7
親王，紅遍地雲氣翔鸞錦褾，金鸞五色羅十五幅，寶裝犀軸。 一品，紅遍地雲鶴錦褾，金雲鶴五色羅十四幅，犀軸。 二品、三品，紅遍地龜蓮錦褾，素五色綾十二幅，玳瑁軸。 四品、五品，紅遍地水藻戲鱗錦褾，大白綾十幅，銀里間鍍軸，元牙軸承安四年改之，大安二年複改為金縷角軸。 六品、七品，紅遍地草錦褾，小白綾八幅，角軸，大安加銀縷。 公主、王妃與親王同。 郡主、縣主、夫人，紅遍地瑞蓮鸂氵鶒錦褾，金蓮鸂氵鶒五色羅十五幅。 郡王夫人、國夫人，紅遍地芙蓉花錦褾，金花五色綾十二幅，玳瑁軸。 縣君、孺人、鄉君，紅遍地雜花錦褾，素五色小綾十幅，銀里間鍍軸。 軸之制，如徑二寸餘大錢貫樞之，兩端複以犀象為鈿以轄之，可圓轉如輪。 金格，一品，紅羅畫雲氣盤龍錦褾，金龍五色羅十七幅，寶裝玉軸。 二品，翔鳳褾，金鳳羅十六幅，犀軸。 三品、四品，盤鳳褾，金鳳羅十五幅。 五品，翔鸞錦褾，金鸞羅十四幅。 以上幅皆用五色羅，軸皆用犀。 六品，禦仙花錦褾，金花五色綾十二幅。 七品、八品、九品，太平花錦褾，金花五色小綾十幅。 軸皆用玳瑁。 凡褾皆紅，幅皆五色。 夫人以上制授，餘敕授，皆給本色錦囊。
Princes received patents with red-ground brocade borders featuring clouds and soaring phoenixes, fifteen panels of five-colored silk with gold phoenixes, and a jeweled rhinoceros-horn scroll rod. First rank: red-ground brocade borders with cloud cranes, fourteen panels of five-colored silk with gold cloud cranes, and a rhinoceros-horn scroll rod. Second and third ranks: red-ground brocade borders with tortoise and lotus motifs, twelve panels of plain five-colored damask, and a tortoiseshell scroll rod. Fourth and fifth ranks: red-ground brocade borders with water plants and fish scales, ten panels of large white damask, and a scroll rod with silver inlay and gilt fittings. Ivory rods were replaced in the fourth year of Chengan (1199), and in the second year of Da'an (1210) gold-threaded horn rods were adopted. Sixth and seventh ranks: red-ground brocade borders with grass motifs, eight panels of small white damask, and horn scroll rods; silver threading was added in Da'an. Imperial princesses and princess consorts received the same patents as princes. Commandery ladies, county ladies, and Ladies received red-ground brocade borders with auspicious lotus and mandarin duck motifs, and fifteen panels of five-colored silk with gold lotus and mandarin ducks. Consorts of commandery princes and State Ladies received red-ground brocade borders with hibiscus flowers, twelve panels of five-colored damask with gold flowers, and tortoiseshell scroll rods. County ladies, Ruren, and Township ladies received red-ground brocade borders with mixed floral motifs, ten panels of plain small five-colored damask, and scroll rods with silver inlay and gilt fittings. Scroll rods were fashioned like an axle strung with large coins over two cun in diameter; rhinoceros and ivory caps secured both ends, allowing the rod to rotate freely like a wheel. Gold-bound patents for first rank: red silk with cloud and coiled-dragon brocade borders, seventeen panels of five-colored silk with gold dragons, and a jeweled jade scroll rod. Second rank: soaring-phoenix borders, sixteen panels of silk with gold phoenixes, and a rhinoceros-horn scroll rod. Third and fourth ranks: coiled-phoenix borders and fifteen panels of silk with gold phoenixes. Fifth rank: soaring-luan brocade borders and fourteen panels of silk with gold luan birds. For all ranks above, the panels were of five-colored silk and the scroll rods of rhinoceros horn. Sixth rank: imperial immortal-flower brocade borders and twelve panels of five-colored damask with gold flowers. Seventh, eighth, and ninth ranks: great-peace-flower brocade borders and ten panels of small five-colored damask with gold flowers. Their scroll rods were all of tortoiseshell. All borders were red and all panels five-colored. Patents for Ladies and above were conferred by formal decree; lower ranks received them by imperial command. All were given matching brocade pouches.
8
百官俸給
Official Salaries.
9
正一品：三師，錢粟三百貫石，曲米麥各五十稱石，春衣羅五十匹，秋衣綾五十匹，春秋絹各二百匹，綿千兩。 三公，錢粟二百五十貫石，曲米麥各四十稱石，春衣羅四十匹，秋衣綾四十匹，春秋絹各一百五十匹，綿七百兩。 親王、尚書令，錢粟二百二十貫石，曲米麥各三十五稱石，春衣羅三十五匹，秋衣綾三十五匹，春秋絹各一百二十匹，綿六百兩。 皇統二年，定制，皇兄弟及子封一字王者為親王，給二品俸，餘宗室封一字王者以三品俸給之。 天德二年，以三師、宰臣以下有以一官而兼數職者，及有親王食其祿而複領他事者，前此並給以俸，今宜從一高，其兼職之俸並不重給。 至大定二十六年，詔有一官而兼數職，其兼職得罪亦不能免，而無廩給可乎。 遂以職務煩簡定為分數，給兼職之俸。 從一品：左右丞相、都元帥、樞密使、郡王、開府儀同，錢粟二百貫石，曲米麥各三十稱石，春秋衣羅綾各三十匹，絹各一百匹，綿五百兩。 平章政事，錢粟一百九十貫石，曲米麥各二十八稱石，春羅秋綾各二十五匹，絹各九十五匹，綿四百五十兩。 大宗正，錢粟一百八十貫石，曲米麥各二十五稱石，羅綾同上，絹各九十匹，綿四百兩。
Senior first rank — Three Preceptors: three hundred strings of cash and shi of grain; fifty measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; fifty bolts of silk gauze for spring and fifty of damask for autumn; two hundred bolts of silk each spring and autumn; one thousand liang of cotton floss. Three Dukes: two hundred fifty strings of cash and shi of grain; forty measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; forty bolts of silk gauze for spring and forty of damask for autumn; one hundred fifty bolts of silk each spring and autumn; seven hundred liang of cotton floss. Princes and the Director of the Department: two hundred twenty strings of cash and shi of grain; thirty-five measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; thirty-five bolts of silk gauze for spring and thirty-five of damask for autumn; one hundred twenty bolts of silk each spring and autumn; six hundred liang of cotton floss. In the second year of Huangtong (1142), regulations stipulated that the emperor's brothers and sons enfeoffed with single-character princely titles were made Princes and paid at second rank; other imperial clansmen with such titles were paid at third rank. In the second year of Tiande (1150), because Three Preceptors, chief ministers, and others below them sometimes held multiple concurrent posts, and princes sometimes drew salary while also holding other offices, all had previously received full pay for each post. Henceforth only the highest salary applied; concurrent salaries were no longer paid twice. In the twenty-sixth year of Dading (1186), an edict observed that officials holding multiple concurrent posts could not escape punishment for offenses in any of those posts — yet should they receive no salary at all? Salaries for concurrent posts were therefore set as fractional payments according to the relative burden of each duty. Junior first rank — Left and Right Chancellors, Grand Marshals, Privy Councilors, commandery princes, and Grand Masters of Splendid Happiness with Prefectural-Governor Privileges: two hundred strings of cash and shi of grain; thirty measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; thirty bolts each of silk gauze and damask for spring and autumn; one hundred bolts of silk each season; five hundred liang of cotton floss. Grand Councilors: one hundred ninety strings of cash and shi of grain; twenty-eight measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; twenty-five bolts of silk gauze for spring and twenty-five of damask for autumn; ninety-five bolts of silk each season; four hundred fifty liang of cotton floss. Director of the Imperial Clan: one hundred eighty strings of cash and shi of grain; twenty-five measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; silk gauze and damask as above; ninety bolts of silk each season; four hundred liang of cotton floss.
10
正二品：東宮三師、副元帥、左右丞，錢粟一百五十貫石。 曲米麥各二十二稱石，春羅秋綾各二十二匹，絹各八十匹，綿三百五十兩。 從二品：錢粟一百四十貫石，曲米麥各二十稱石，春羅秋綾各二十匹，絹各七十五匹，綿三百兩。 同判大宗正，錢粟一百二十貫石，曲米麥各十八稱石，春羅秋綾各十八匹，絹各七十匹，綿二百五十兩。
Senior second rank — Three Preceptors of the Eastern Palace, Deputy Grand Marshals, and Left and Right Vice Chancellors: one hundred fifty strings of cash and shi of grain. Twenty-two measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; twenty-two bolts of silk gauze for spring and twenty-two of damask for autumn; eighty bolts of silk each season; three hundred fifty liang of cotton floss. Junior second rank: one hundred forty strings of cash and shi of grain; twenty measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; twenty bolts of silk gauze for spring and twenty of damask for autumn; seventy-five bolts of silk each season; three hundred liang of cotton floss. Associate Director of the Imperial Clan: one hundred twenty strings of cash and shi of grain; eighteen measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; eighteen bolts of silk gauze for spring and eighteen of damask for autumn; seventy bolts of silk each season; two hundred fifty liang of cotton floss.
11
正三品：錢粟七十貫石，曲米麥各十六稱石，春羅秋綾各十二匹，絹各五十五匹，綿二百兩。 外官，錢粟一百貫石，曲米麥各十五稱石，絹各四十匹，綿二百兩，公田三十頃。 統軍使、招討使、副使，錢粟八十貫石，曲米麥十三稱石，絹各三十五匹，綿百六十兩，公田二十五頃。 都運、府尹，錢粟七十貫石，曲米麥十二稱石，絹各三十匹，綿百四十兩。 天德二年，省奏：「職官公田歲入有數，前此百姓各隨公宇就輸，而吏或貪冒，多取以傷民。 宜送之官倉，均定其數，與月俸隨給。」 從三品：錢粟六十貫石，曲米麥各十四稱石，春秋衣羅綾各十匹，絹各五十匹，綿百八十兩。 外官，錢粟六十貫石，曲米麥各十稱石，絹各二十五匹，綿一百二十兩，公田二十一頃。 皇統元年二月，詔諸官、職俱至三品而致仕者，俸祿、傔人，各給其半。
Senior third rank: seventy strings of cash and shi of grain; sixteen measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; twelve bolts of silk gauze for spring and twelve of damask for autumn; fifty-five bolts of silk each season; two hundred liang of cotton floss. External officials: one hundred strings of cash and shi of grain; fifteen measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; forty bolts of silk each season; two hundred liang of cotton floss; thirty qing of official fields. Regional Military Commanders, Pacification Commissioners, and their deputies: eighty strings of cash and shi of grain; thirteen measured shi of fermented rice and wheat; thirty-five bolts of silk each season; one hundred sixty liang of cotton floss; twenty-five qing of official fields. Directors of Transport and Prefecture Governors: seventy strings of cash and shi of grain; twelve measured shi of fermented rice and wheat; thirty bolts of silk each season; one hundred forty liang of cotton floss. In the second year of Tiande (1150), the Secretariat memorialized: "The annual revenue from officials' public fields is fixed, but previously commoners delivered payments at each official's residence, and clerks sometimes extorted more than due, harming the people. Payments should be delivered to government granaries, the amounts standardized, and distributed along with monthly salaries." Junior third rank: sixty strings of cash and shi of grain; fourteen measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; ten bolts each of silk gauze and damask for spring and autumn; fifty bolts of silk each season; one hundred eighty liang of cotton floss. External officials: sixty strings of cash and shi of grain; ten measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; twenty-five bolts of silk each season; one hundred twenty liang of cotton floss; twenty-one qing of official fields. In the second month of the first year of Huangtong (1141), an edict stipulated that officials who retired while holding third rank or above received half their salary and half their allotted attendants.
12
正四品：錢粟四十五貫石，曲米麥各十二稱石，春秋衣羅綾各八匹，絹各四十匹，綿一百五十兩。 外官，錢粟四十五貫石。 副統軍，錢粟五十貫石，絹各二十二匹，綿八十兩，職田十七頃。 餘同下：曲米麥各八稱石，絹各二十匹，綿七十兩，公田十五頃，許帶酒三十瓶、鹽三石。 從四品：錢粟四十貫石，曲麥米各十稱石，春秋羅綾各六匹，絹各三十匹，綿一百三十兩。 外官，錢粟四十貫石，曲米麥各七稱石，絹各十八匹，綿六十兩，公田十四頃。 猛安，錢粟四十八貫石，餘皆無。 烏魯古使，同，無職田。 大定二十年，詔猛安謀克俸給，令運司折支銀絹。 省臣議：「若估粟折支，各路運司儲積多寡不均，宜令依舊支請牛頭稅粟。 如遇凶年盡貸與民，其俸則于錢多路府支放，錢少則支銀絹亦未晚也。」 從之。
Senior fourth rank: forty-five strings of cash and shi of grain; twelve measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; eight bolts each of silk gauze and damask for spring and autumn; forty bolts of silk each season; one hundred fifty liang of cotton floss. External officials: forty-five strings of cash and shi of grain. Deputy Regional Military Commanders: fifty strings of cash and shi of grain; twenty-two bolts of silk each season; eighty liang of cotton floss; seventeen qing of office fields. All other items as below: eight measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; twenty bolts of silk each season; seventy liang of cotton floss; fifteen qing of official fields; plus an allowance of thirty bottles of wine and three shi of salt. Junior fourth rank: forty strings of cash and shi of grain; ten measured shi each of fermented wheat and rice; six bolts each of silk gauze and damask for spring and autumn; thirty bolts of silk each season; one hundred thirty liang of cotton floss. External officials: forty strings of cash and shi of grain; seven measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; eighteen bolts of silk each season; sixty liang of cotton floss; fourteen qing of official fields. Meng'an: forty-eight strings of cash and shi of grain; no other allowances. Commissioner of Ulugu: the same salary; no office fields. In the twentieth year of Dading, an edict on meng'an and mouke salaries ordered transport offices to pay them in commuted silver and silk. Provincial ministers argued: "If salaries were commuted at grain valuations, transport-office reserves would vary unevenly across routes. Payment should continue as before from ox-head tax grain. If famine years require lending all grain to the people, salaries may be paid from route prefectures with ample cash; where cash is scarce, silver and silk payment would suffice." The proposal was adopted.
13
正五品：錢粟三十五貫石，曲米麥各八稱石，春秋衣羅綾各五匹，絹各二十五匹，綿一百兩。 外官，刺史、知軍、鹽使、錢粟三十五貫石，曲米麥各六稱石，絹各十七匹，綿五十五兩，公田十三頃。 余官，錢粟三十貫石，曲米麥同上，絹各十六匹，綿五十兩，職田十頃。 從五品：錢粟三十貫石，曲米麥六稱石，春秋羅綾各五匹，絹各二十匹，綿八十兩。 外官，錢粟二十五貫石，曲米麥各四稱石，絹各十匹，綿四十兩，公田七頃。 謀克，錢粟二十貫石，餘皆無。 喬家部族都鈐轄，無職田。
Senior fifth rank: thirty-five strings of cash and shi of grain; eight measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; five bolts each of silk gauze and damask for spring and autumn; twenty-five bolts of silk each season; one hundred liang of cotton floss. External officials — Prefectural Governors, Military Commissioners, and Salt Commissioners: thirty-five strings of cash and shi of grain; six measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; seventeen bolts of silk each season; fifty-five liang of cotton floss; thirteen qing of official fields. Other officials: thirty strings of cash and shi of grain; fermented rice and wheat as above; sixteen bolts of silk each season; fifty liang of cotton floss; ten qing of office fields. Junior fifth rank: thirty strings of cash and shi of grain; six measured shi of fermented rice and wheat; five bolts each of silk gauze and damask for spring and autumn; twenty bolts of silk each season; eighty liang of cotton floss. External officials: twenty-five strings of cash and shi of grain; four measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; ten bolts of silk each season; forty liang of cotton floss; seven qing of official fields. Mouke: twenty strings of cash and shi of grain; no other allowances. Chief Controller of the Qiao Clan Tribal Division: no office fields.
14
正六品：錢粟二十五貫石，麥五石，絹各十七匹，綿七十兩。 外官與從六品，皆錢粟二十貫石，曲米麥三稱石，絹各八匹，綿三十兩，公田六頃。 從六品：錢粟二十二貫石，麥五石，春秋絹各十五匹，綿六十兩。 烏魯古副使，同，無職田。
Senior sixth rank: twenty-five strings of cash and shi of grain; five shi of wheat; seventeen bolts of silk each season; seventy liang of cotton floss. External officials and junior sixth rank: twenty strings of cash and shi of grain; three measured shi of fermented rice and wheat; eight bolts of silk each season; thirty liang of cotton floss; six qing of official fields. Junior sixth rank: twenty-two strings of cash and shi of grain; five shi of wheat; fifteen bolts of silk each spring and autumn; sixty liang of cotton floss. Deputy Commissioner of Ulugu: the same salary; no office fields.
15
正七品：錢粟二十二貫石，麥四石，衣絹各一十二匹，綿五十五兩。 外官，諸同知州軍、都轉運判、諸府推官、諸節度判、諸觀察判、諸京縣令、諸劇縣令、提舉南京京城、規措渠河官、諸都巡檢、諸酒麴鹽稅副、諸正將、錢粟一十八貫石，曲米麥各二稱石，春秋衣絹各七匹，綿二十五兩。 諸司屬令、諸府軍都指揮，俸同上，無職田。 潼關使，錢粟一十八貫石，曲米麥各一稱石，衣絹各六匹，綿三十兩，無職田。 從七品：錢粟一十七貫石，麥四石，衣絹各一十匹，綿五十兩。 外官、統軍司知事，錢粟一十七貫石，麥四石，衣絹各一十匹，綿五十兩。 諸鎮軍都指揮使，錢粟一十八貫石，曲米麥各二稱石，衣絹各七匹，綿二十五兩。 諸招討司勘事官、諸縣令、諸警巡副、京兆府竹監管勾、五品鹽使司判、諸部禿裏、同提舉上京皇城司、同提舉南京京城所、黃河都巡河官、諸酒稅榷場使，錢粟一十七貫石，曲米麥各二稱石，衣絹各七匹，綿二十五兩，職田五頃。 會安關使，諸知鎮城堡寨，錢粟一十五貫石，曲米麥各一稱石，衣絹各六匹，綿二十兩，職田四頃。
Senior seventh rank: twenty-two strings of cash and shi of grain; four shi of wheat; twelve bolts of garment silk each season; fifty-five liang of cotton floss. External officials — including Associate Military Commissioners, Associate Directors of Transport, Prefecture Magistrates, Military Governor's Deputies, Surveillance Deputies, Capital and busy-county Magistrates, Supervisors of the Southern Capital City, canal-planning officials, Chief Patrol Inspectors, Deputy Wine/Yeast/Salt/Tax Officials, and Chief Commanders: eighteen strings of cash and shi of grain; two measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; seven bolts of garment silk each spring and autumn; twenty-five liang of cotton floss. Various bureau subordinate magistrates and prefecture military commanders: salary as above; no office fields. Commissioner of Tong Pass: eighteen strings of cash and shi of grain; one measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; six bolts of garment silk each season; thirty liang of cotton floss; no office fields. Junior seventh rank: seventeen strings of cash and shi of grain; four shi of wheat; ten bolts of garment silk each season; fifty liang of cotton floss. External officials and Regional Military Command clerks: seventeen strings of cash and shi of grain; four shi of wheat; ten bolts of garment silk each season; fifty liang of cotton floss. Garrison Military Commanders: eighteen strings of cash and shi of grain; two measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; seven bolts of garment silk each season; twenty-five liang of cotton floss. Pacification Commission investigating officers, county magistrates, deputy police patrol officers, the Jingzhao Bamboo Office supervisory clerk, fifth-rank Salt Commission deputies, tribal baldari, Co-Supervisors of the Shangjing Imperial City and Southern Capital City offices, the Chief Yellow River Patrol Officer, and wine-tax and monopoly-market commissioners: seventeen strings of cash and shi of grain; two measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; seven bolts of garment silk each season; twenty-five liang of cotton floss; five qing of office fields. Commissioner of Huian Pass and fortress/stockade commanders: fifteen strings of cash and shi of grain; one measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; six bolts of garment silk each season; twenty liang of cotton floss; four qing of office fields.
16
正八品：朝官，錢粟一十五貫石，麥三石，衣絹各八匹，綿四十五兩。 外官，市令、諸錄事、諸防禦判、赤縣丞、諸劇縣丞、崇福埽都巡河官、諸酒稅使、醋使、榷場副、諸都巡檢，錢粟一十五貫石，曲米麥各一稱石，衣絹各六匹，綿二十兩，職田四頃。 烏魯古判官，俸同上，無職田。 按察司知事、大興府知事、招討司知事、諸副都巡檢使，錢粟一十三貫石，曲米麥各一稱石，衣絹各六匹，綿二十兩，職田二頃。 諸司屬丞，俸同上，無職田。 諸節鎮以上司獄、諸副將，錢粟一十三貫石，衣絹各三匹，綿一十兩，職田二頃。 南京京城所管勾、京府諸司使管勾、河橋諸關渡譏察官、同樂園管勾、南京皇城使、通州倉使，錢粟一十二貫石，衣絹各三匹，綿一十兩。 節鎮諸司使、中運司柴炭場使，錢粟一十貫石，衣絹各二匹，綿八兩。 從八品：朝官，錢粟一十三貫石，麥三石，衣絹各七匹，綿四十兩。 外官，南京交鈔庫使、諸統軍按察司知法，錢粟一十三貫石，麥三石，衣絹各七匹，綿四十兩。 諸州軍判官、諸京縣丞、諸次劇縣丞、諸三品鹽司判官、漕運司管勾，永豐廣備庫副使、左右別貯院木場使，錢粟一十三貫石，曲米麥各一稱石，衣絹各六匹，綿二十兩，職田三頃。 諸麼忽、諸移裏堇，錢粟一十三貫石，麥二石，衣絹各五匹，綿一十五兩，職田三頃。
Senior eighth rank — court officials: fifteen strings of cash and shi of grain; three shi of wheat; eight bolts of garment silk each season; forty-five liang of cotton floss. External officials — Market Magistrates, recorders, Defense Deputies, imperial-county Assistant Magistrates, busy-county Assistant Magistrates, the Chief Chongfu Embankment River Patrol Officer, wine-tax and vinegar commissioners, deputy monopoly-market commissioners, and Chief Patrol Inspectors: fifteen strings of cash and shi of grain; one measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; six bolts of garment silk each season; twenty liang of cotton floss; four qing of office fields. Ulugu Magistrate: salary as above; no office fields. Surveillance Commission clerks, Daxing Prefecture clerks, Pacification Commission clerks, and Deputy Chief Patrol Inspectors: thirteen strings of cash and shi of grain; one measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; six bolts of garment silk each season; twenty liang of cotton floss; two qing of office fields. Various bureau subordinate assistants: salary as above; no office fields. Military-governorate prison wardens and deputy commanders: thirteen strings of cash and shi of grain; three bolts of garment silk each season; ten liang of cotton floss; two qing of office fields. Supervisory Clerks of the Southern Capital City Office and Capital Prefecture bureaus, river-bridge and ferry inspection officers, the Tongle Garden supervisory clerk, the Southern Capital Imperial City Commissioner, and the Tongzhou Granary Commissioner: twelve strings of cash and shi of grain; three bolts of garment silk each season; ten liang of cotton floss. Military-governorate bureau commissioners and Central Transport Charcoal Yard commissioners: ten strings of cash and shi of grain; two bolts of garment silk each season; eight liang of cotton floss. Junior eighth rank — court officials: thirteen strings of cash and shi of grain; three shi of wheat; seven bolts of garment silk each season; forty liang of cotton floss. External officials — Commissioner of the Southern Capital Paper-Money Repository and Regional Military Command/Surveillance Commission legal clerks: thirteen strings of cash and shi of grain; three shi of wheat; seven bolts of garment silk each season; forty liang of cotton floss. Prefecture deputies, capital-county and secondary busy-county assistant magistrates, third-rank Salt Commission deputies, Grain Transport supervisory clerks, the Yongfeng General Stores deputy commissioner, and Left/Right Separate Storage Timber Yard commissioners: thirteen strings of cash and shi of grain; one measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; six bolts of garment silk each season; twenty liang of cotton floss; three qing of office fields. Various mahuo and yilijin officers: thirteen strings of cash and shi of grain; two shi of wheat; five bolts of garment silk each season; fifteen liang of cotton floss; three qing of office fields.
17
正九品：朝官，錢粟一十二貫石，麥二石，衣絹各六匹，綿三十五兩。 外官，南京交鈔庫副，錢粟一十二貫石，麥二石，衣絹六匹，綿三十五兩。 諸警巡判官，錢粟一十三貫石，曲米麥各一稱石，衣絹六匹，綿一十兩，職田三頃。 諸縣丞、諸酒稅副使，錢粟一十二貫石，麥一石五斗，衣絹各五匹，綿一十七兩，職田三頃。 市丞、諸司候、諸主簿、諸錄判、諸縣尉、散巡河官、黃河埽物料場官，錢粟一十二貫石，麥一石，衣絹各三匹，綿一十兩，職田二頃。 管勾泗州排岸兼巡檢、副都巡檢、諸巡檢，俸例同上，並無麥及職田。 諸鹽場管勾、左右別貯院木場副、永豐廣備庫判，錢粟一十二貫石，衣絹各三匹，綿一十兩，職田二頃。 諸部將、隊將，錢粟一十二貫石，麥一石，衣絹各三匹，綿一十兩，職田二頃。 店宅務管勾，錢粟一十二貫石，綿絹同上。 京府諸司副、南京皇城副、通州倉副、同管勾河橋、諸副譏察，錢粟一十一貫石，衣絹各二匹，綿八兩。 諸州軍司獄，錢粟一十一貫石，衣絹各二匹，綿八兩，職田二頃。 節鎮諸司副、中運司柴炭場副，錢粟一十貫石，衣絹各二匹，綿八兩。 從九品：朝官，錢粟一十貫石，麥二石，衣絹各五匹，綿三十兩。 外官，諸教授，錢粟一十二貫石，麥一石，衣絹各三匹，綿一十兩，職田二頃。 三品以上官司知法，錢粟一十貫石，麥一石，衣絹各三匹，綿一十兩。 司候判官，錢粟一十貫石，衣絹各二匹，綿八兩，職田二頃。 諸防次軍轄，俸同上，無職田。 諸榷場同管勾、左右別貯院木場判，錢粟一十貫石，衣絹各三匹，綿六兩。 諸京作院都監、通州倉判、五品以上官司知法，錢粟九貫石，衣絹各二匹，綿六兩。 諸府作院都監、諸埽物料場都監，錢粟八貫石，衣絹各一匹，綿六兩。 諸節鎮作院都監、諸司都監，錢粟八貫石，衣絹各二匹。 諸司同監，錢粟七貫石，絹同上。 陝西東路德順州世襲蕃巡檢，分例月支錢粟一十貫石，衣絹各二匹，綿一十兩。 陝西西路原州世襲蕃巡檢，月支錢二貫三百九十文，米四石五斗，絹三匹。 河東北路葭州等處世襲蕃巡檢，月支錢粟一十貫石，絹二匹，綿一十兩。
Senior ninth rank — court officials: twelve strings of cash and shi of grain; two shi of wheat; six bolts of garment silk each season; thirty-five liang of cotton floss. External officials — Deputy of the Southern Capital Paper-Money Repository: twelve strings of cash and shi of grain; two shi of wheat; six bolts of garment silk; thirty-five liang of cotton floss. Police patrol deputies: thirteen strings of cash and shi of grain; one measured shi each of fermented rice and wheat; six bolts of garment silk; ten liang of cotton floss; three qing of office fields. County assistant magistrates and deputy wine-tax commissioners: twelve strings of cash and shi of grain; one shi and five dou of wheat; five bolts of garment silk each season; seventeen liang of cotton floss; three qing of office fields. Market Assistants, postal station officers, chief clerks, recording judges, county captains, itinerant river patrol officers, and Yellow River Embankment Material Yard officers: twelve strings of cash and shi of grain; one shi of wheat; three bolts of garment silk each season; ten liang of cotton floss; two qing of office fields. The Sizhou Wharf supervisory clerk and concurrent patrol inspector, Deputy Chief Patrol Inspectors, and Patrol Inspectors: salary as above, but without wheat or office fields. Salt-yard supervisory clerks, deputies of the Left and Right Separate Storage Timber Yards, and Yongfeng General Stores judges: twelve strings of cash and shi of grain; three bolts of garment silk each season; ten liang of cotton floss; two qing of office fields. Company commanders and squad commanders: twelve strings of cash and shi of grain; one shi of wheat; three bolts of garment silk each season; ten liang of cotton floss; two qing of office fields. Supervisory Clerk of the Shop and Residence Office: twelve strings of cash and shi of grain; cotton floss and silk as above. Capital Prefecture bureau deputies, the Southern Capital Imperial City and Tongzhou Granary deputies, Co-Supervisory Clerks of River Bridges, and deputy inspection officers: eleven strings of cash and shi of grain; two bolts of garment silk each season; eight liang of cotton floss. Prefecture prison wardens: eleven strings of cash and shi of grain; two bolts of garment silk each season; eight liang of cotton floss; two qing of office fields. Military-governorate bureau deputies and Central Transport Charcoal Yard deputies: ten strings of cash and shi of grain; two bolts of garment silk each season; eight liang of cotton floss. Junior ninth rank — court officials: ten strings of cash and shi of grain; two shi of wheat; five bolts of garment silk each season; thirty liang of cotton floss. External officials — instructors: twelve strings of cash and shi of grain; one shi of wheat; three bolts of garment silk each season; ten liang of cotton floss; two qing of office fields. Legal clerks of third-rank bureaus and above: ten strings of cash and shi of grain; one shi of wheat; three bolts of garment silk each season; ten liang of cotton floss. Postal station deputies: ten strings of cash and shi of grain; two bolts of garment silk each season; eight liang of cotton floss; two qing of office fields. Frontier garrison controllers: salary as above; no office fields. Co-Supervisory Clerks of monopoly markets and judges of the Left and Right Separate Storage Timber Yards: ten strings of cash and shi of grain; three bolts of garment silk each season; six liang of cotton floss. Capital workshop superintendents, Tongzhou Granary judges, and legal clerks of fifth-rank bureaus and above: nine strings of cash and shi of grain; two bolts of garment silk each season; six liang of cotton floss. Prefecture workshop superintendents and embankment material yard superintendents: eight strings of cash and shi of grain; one bolt of garment silk each season; six liang of cotton floss. Military-governorate workshop superintendents and bureau superintendents: eight strings of cash and shi of grain; two bolts of garment silk each season. Bureau co-superintendents: seven strings of cash and shi of grain; silk as above. Hereditary tribal patrol inspectors of Deshun Prefecture on the Shaanxi East Route received ten strings of cash and shi of grain monthly, two bolts of garment silk each season, and ten liang of cotton floss. Hereditary tribal patrol inspectors of Yuan Prefecture on the Shaanxi West Route received two strings and three hundred ninety cash monthly, four shi and five dou of rice, and three bolts of silk. Hereditary tribal patrol inspectors of Jia Prefecture and elsewhere on the Hedong North Route received ten strings of cash and shi of grain monthly, two bolts of silk, and ten liang of cotton floss.
18
宮闈歲給。 太后、太妃宮，每歲各給錢二千萬，彩二百段，絹千匹，綿五千兩。 諸妃，歲給錢千萬，彩百段，絹三百匹，綿三千兩。 嬪以下，錢五百萬，彩五十段，絹二百匹，綿二千兩。 貞元元年，妃、嬪、婕妤、美人、及供膳女侍、並仙韶、長春院供應人等，歲給錢帛各有差。
Annual Inner-Palace Allowances. The Empress Dowager's and Grand Consorts' palaces each received twenty million cash annually, two hundred bolts of colored silk, one thousand bolts of silk, and five thousand liang of cotton floss. Consorts received ten million cash annually, one hundred bolts of colored silk, three hundred bolts of silk, and three thousand liang of cotton floss. Imperial Concubines and ranks below them received five million cash, fifty bolts of colored silk, two hundred bolts of silk, and two thousand liang of cotton floss. In the first year of Zhenyuan, consorts, Imperial Concubines, Talented Ladies, Beautiful Ladies, food-serving palace women, and supply personnel of the Xian Shao and Changchun courts received annual cash and silk allowances at varying rates.
19
凡內職，貞祐之制，正一品，歲錢八千貫，幣百段，絹五百匹，綿五千兩。 正二品，歲錢六千貫，幣八十段，絹三百匹，綿四千兩。 正三品，歲錢五千貫，幣六十段，絹二百匹，綿三千兩。 正四品，歲錢四千貫，幣四十段，絹百五十匹，綿二千兩。 正五品，尚宮夫人，歲錢二千貫，幣二十段，絹百匹，綿千兩。 尚宮左右夫人至宮正夫人，錢千五百貫，幣十九段，絹九十匹，綿九百兩。 寶華夫人以下至資明夫人，錢千貫，幣十八段，絹八十匹，綿八百兩。 有大、小令人，大、小承禦，大、小近侍，俸各異。 正六品，尚儀禦侍以下，錢五百貫，幣十六段，絹五十匹，綿二百兩。 正七品，司正禦侍以下，錢四百貫，幣十四段，絹四十匹，綿百五十兩。 正八品，典儀禦侍以下，錢三百貫，幣十二段，絹三十匹，綿百兩。 正九品，掌儀禦侍以下，錢二百五十貫，幣十段，絹二十六匹，綿百兩。
Under Zhenyou regulations, inner-court offices at senior first rank received eight thousand strings of cash annually, one hundred bolts of ceremonial silk, five hundred bolts of silk, and five thousand liang of cotton floss. Senior second rank: six thousand strings of cash annually, eighty bolts of ceremonial silk, three hundred bolts of silk, and four thousand liang of cotton floss. Senior third rank: five thousand strings of cash annually, sixty bolts of ceremonial silk, two hundred bolts of silk, and three thousand liang of cotton floss. Senior fourth rank: four thousand strings of cash annually, forty bolts of ceremonial silk, one hundred fifty bolts of silk, and two thousand liang of cotton floss. Senior fifth rank — Ladies of the Palace Service Bureau: two thousand strings of cash annually, twenty bolts of ceremonial silk, one hundred bolts of silk, and one thousand liang of cotton floss. Left and Right Ladies of the Palace Service Bureau through Chief Palace Ladies: one thousand five hundred strings of cash, nineteen bolts of ceremonial silk, ninety bolts of silk, and nine hundred liang of cotton floss. From Treasured Splendor Lady through Graceful Wisdom Lady: one thousand strings of cash, eighteen bolts of ceremonial silk, eighty bolts of silk, and eight hundred liang of cotton floss. Senior and Junior Attendants, Senior and Junior Imperial Attendants, and Senior and Junior Close Attendants each received different salaries. Senior sixth rank — Palace Ceremonial Imperial Attendants and below: five hundred strings of cash, sixteen bolts of ceremonial silk, fifty bolts of silk, and two hundred liang of cotton floss. Senior seventh rank — Chief Correctness Imperial Attendants and below: four hundred strings of cash, fourteen bolts of ceremonial silk, forty bolts of silk, and one hundred fifty liang of cotton floss. Senior eighth rank — Ceremonial Imperial Attendants and below: three hundred strings of cash, twelve bolts of ceremonial silk, thirty bolts of silk, and one hundred liang of cotton floss. Senior ninth rank — Managing Ceremonial Imperial Attendants and below: two hundred fifty strings of cash, ten bolts of ceremonial silk, twenty-six bolts of silk, and one hundred liang of cotton floss.
20
百司承應俸給。 省令史、譯史、錢粟一十貫石，絹四匹，綿四十兩。 省通事、樞密令史譯史，錢粟十二貫石，絹三匹，綿三十兩。 樞密通事、六部御史台令譯史，錢粟一十貫石，衣絹三匹，綿三十兩。 六部等通事、誥院令史、國史院書寫、隨府書表、親王府祗候郎君、典客署引接書表，錢粟八貫石，絹二匹，綿二十兩。 走馬郎君、一品子孫十貫石，內祗八貫石，班祗七貫石，並絹二匹，綿二十兩。 護衛長，支正六品俸。 長行，從六品俸。 符寶郎、奉禦、東宮護衛長，錢粟十七貫石，絹八匹，綿四十兩。 東宮護衛長行，十五貫石，絹四匹，綿四十兩。 筆硯承奉、閣門祗候、侍衛親軍百戶，十二貫石，絹四匹，綿三十兩。 妃護衛、奉職、符寶典書、東宮入殿小底，十貫石，絹三匹，綿三十兩，勒留則添二貫石。 尚衣、奉禦、捧案、擎執、奉輦、知把書畫、隨庫本把、左右藏庫本把、儀鸞局本把、尚輦局本把、妃奉事，八貫石，絹三匹，綿三十兩。 侍衛親軍五十戶，九貫石，絹三匹，綿三十兩。 未系班，絹三匹，綿二十兩。 長行，七貫石，絹二匹，綿二十兩。 弩傘什將，八貫石。 傘子，五貫石。 太醫長行，八貫石，正奉上太醫，十貫石。 副奉上，同。 隨位承應都監，未及十五歲者六貫石，從八品七貫石，從七品八貫石，從六品九貫石，從五品十貫石，從四品十二貫石，止掌文書者添支三貫石，牌子頭等添支二貫石。 司天四科人，九品六貫石，八品七貫石，六品九貫石，五品十貫石，四品十二貫石，止教授管勾十貫石，學生錢三貫、米五斗。 典客、書表，八貫石，絹二匹，綿二十兩。 東宮筆硯，六貫石。 尚廄獸醫，秘書監楷書，六貫石。 秘書琴棋等待詔，七貫石。 駝馬牛羊群子、擠酪人，皆三貫石。
Salaries of Bureau Attendants. Secretariat clerks and translators: ten strings of cash and shi of grain, four bolts of silk, and forty liang of cotton floss. Secretariat interpreters and Privy Council clerks and translators: twelve strings of cash and shi of grain, three bolts of silk, and thirty liang of cotton floss. Privy Council interpreters and Six Ministries/Censorate clerks and translators: ten strings of cash and shi of grain, three bolts of garment silk, and thirty liang of cotton floss. Six Ministries interpreters, Patent Office clerks, National History Academy scribes, prefecture memorial scribes, Princely Residence attendant gentlemen, and Reception Office memorial guides: eight strings of cash and shi of grain, two bolts of silk, and twenty liang of cotton floss. Mounted courier gentlemen and first-rank descendants received ten strings of cash and shi of grain; inner attendants eight strings; roster attendants seven strings; all with two bolts of silk and twenty liang of cotton floss. Guard captains were paid at senior sixth rank. Regular guards were paid at junior sixth rank. Tally and Seal Gentlemen, Imperial Attendants, and Eastern Palace Guard captains: seventeen strings of cash and shi of grain, eight bolts of silk, and forty liang of cotton floss. Eastern Palace Guard regulars: fifteen strings of cash and shi of grain, four bolts of silk, and forty liang of cotton floss. Inkstone attendants, Gate attendants, and Personal Guard company commanders: twelve strings of cash and shi of grain, four bolts of silk, and thirty liang of cotton floss. Consort guards, Service Attendants, Tally and Seal recorders, and Eastern Palace inner-hall attendants: ten strings of cash and shi of grain, three bolts of silk, and thirty liang of cotton floss; two additional strings if retained by order. Palace Wardrobe attendants, Imperial Attendants, tray-bearers, standard-bearers, palanquin attendants, painting/calligraphy custodians, warehouse and treasury custodians, Ceremonial Guard and Palanquin Bureau custodians, and consort attendants: eight strings of cash and shi of grain, three bolts of silk, and thirty liang of cotton floss. Personal Guard fifty-household commanders: nine strings of cash and shi of grain, three bolts of silk, and thirty liang of cotton floss. Those not yet placed on the roster received three bolts of silk and twenty liang of cotton floss. Regular guards: seven strings of cash and shi of grain, two bolts of silk, and twenty liang of cotton floss. Crossbow and umbrella squad commanders: eight strings of cash and shi of grain. Umbrella bearers: five strings of cash and shi of grain. Imperial Medical regular attendants received eight strings of cash and shi of grain; Chief Attending Imperial Physicians received ten strings. Deputy Attending Physicians received the same. Rank-attendant chief superintendents under fifteen received six strings of cash and shi of grain; junior eighth rank seven strings; junior seventh rank eight; junior sixth rank nine; junior fifth rank ten; junior fourth rank twelve. Those handling documents only received three additional strings; tally chiefs and the like received two additional strings. Bureau of Astronomy personnel in four categories: ninth rank six strings of cash and shi of grain; eighth rank seven; sixth rank nine; fifth rank ten; fourth rank twelve. Instructors and supervisors received ten strings only. Students received three strings of cash and five dou of rice. Reception Office attendants and memorial scribes: eight strings of cash and shi of grain, two bolts of silk, and twenty liang of cotton floss. Eastern Palace inkstone attendants: six strings of cash and shi of grain. Imperial Stud veterinarians and Secretariat regular-script copyists: six strings of cash and shi of grain. Secretariat zither, chess, and other attendants awaiting imperial summons: seven strings of cash and shi of grain. Keepers of camel, horse, cattle, and sheep herds and cheese makers all received three strings of cash and shi of grain.
21
諸使司都監食直，二十萬貫以上六十貫，十萬貫已上五十貫，五萬貫已上四十貫，三萬貫已上三十貫，二萬貫已上二十五貫。 諸院務監官食直，五千貫已上監官二十貫、同監十五貫，二千貫已上監官十五貫、同監十貫，一千貫已上監官十五貫，一千貫已下監官十貫。
Commission allowances for superintendents of commissioner offices: sixty strings for revenues of two hundred thousand strings or more; fifty for one hundred thousand or more; forty for fifty thousand or more; thirty for thirty thousand or more; twenty-five for twenty thousand or more. Commission allowances for bureau superintendents: for revenues of five thousand strings or more, the superintendent received twenty strings and the co-superintendent fifteen; at two thousand or more, fifteen and ten; at one thousand or more, fifteen for the superintendent alone; below one thousand, ten for the superintendent.
22
舊制，凡監臨使司、院務之商稅，增者有賞，虧者克俸。 大定九年，上以吏非祿無以養廉，於是止增虧分數為殿最，乃罷克俸、給賞之制，而監官酬賞仍舊。 二十年，詔十萬貫以上鹽酒等使，若虧額五厘，克俸一分。 奏隨處提點院務官賞格，其省除以上提點官、並運司親管院務，若能增者十分為率以六分入官，二分與提點所官、二分與監官充賞，若虧亦依此例克俸，若能足數則全給。 大定二十二年，定每月先支其半外，如不虧則全支，虧一分則克其一分，補足貼支。 隨路使司、院務並坊場，例多虧課。 上曰：「若其實可減處，約量裁減，亦公私兩便也。」 二十三年，以省除提控官、與運司置司處，虧課一分克俸一分，其罰涉重。 亦命先給月俸之半，餘半驗所虧分數克罰補，公田則不在克限。 二十六年四月，奏定院務監官虧永陪償格。
Under the old system, supervisors of commercial taxes at commissioner offices and bureaus were rewarded for increases and had their salaries reduced for shortfalls. In the ninth year of Dading (1169), the emperor observed that officials could not remain upright without adequate salary. Surplus and deficit figures were thereafter used only for merit ratings; salary deductions and reward payments were abolished, though superintendent bonuses continued unchanged. In the twentieth year (1180), an edict stipulated that salt, wine, and similar commissioners with revenues of one hundred thousand strings or more would have one tenth of their salary deducted for every half-percent shortfall. A memorial established reward scales for bureau superintendents throughout the realm. For provincially appointed supervisors and bureaus directly managed by transport offices, surpluses were divided ten ways: six parts to the treasury, two to supervising officials, and two as bonuses for superintendents. Deficits were penalized proportionally; meeting the quota brought full payment. In the twenty-second year of Dading (1182), the rule was set that half the monthly salary was paid in advance; if there was no shortfall the balance was paid in full, but each tenth of deficit reduced payment by a tenth, with the remainder paid once the shortfall was made up. Route commissioner offices, bureaus, and market stalls routinely fell short of their revenue quotas. The emperor said: "Where quotas can genuinely be lowered, they should be trimmed to fit circumstances. That would serve both the state and the people." In the twenty-third year (1183), the rule that provincially appointed supervisors and transport-office posts lose one tenth of salary for every tenth of revenue shortfall was judged excessively harsh. It was also ordered that half the monthly salary be paid in advance, with the remainder adjusted according to the shortfall; income from official fields was exempt from such deductions. In the fourth month of the twenty-sixth year (1186), a memorial established the permanent compensation scale for bureau superintendents liable for revenue deficits.
23
諸京府運司提刑司節鎮防刺等，漢人、女直、契丹司吏、譯史、通史、孔目官，八貫。 押司官，七貫。 前後行，六貫。 諸防刺已上女直、契丹司吏、譯史、通事，不問千里內外，錢七貫，公田三頃。 諸鹽使司都目，十四貫。 司吏，六貫。 諸巡院司縣司獄等司吏，有譯史，通事者同，錢五貫。 凡諸吏人，月支大紙五十張，小紙五百張，筆二管、墨二錠。
At capital prefectures, transport offices, judicial commissioner offices, military prefectures, and garrison prefectures, Han, Jurchen, and Khitan clerks, translators, record keepers, and case officers received eight strings of cash. Chief clerks received seven strings of cash. Front and rear runners received six strings of cash. At garrison prefectures and above, Jurchen and Khitan clerks, translators, and interpreters received seven strings of cash and three qing of official fields, regardless of distance within or beyond one thousand li. Chief clerks of salt commissioner offices received fourteen strings of cash. Clerks received six strings of cash. Clerks of patrol offices, county offices, and prisons, including those serving as translators or interpreters, received five strings of cash. All clerical personnel received monthly supplies of fifty large sheets of paper, five hundred small sheets, two brushes, and two cakes of ink.
24
諸職官上任，不過初二日，罷任過初五日者，給當月俸。 或受差及因公幹未能之官者，計程外聽給到任祿。 若文牒未至，前官在任，及後官已到，前官差出，其祿兩支，職田皆給後官。 凡職田，畝取粟三斗、草一稱。 倉場隨月俸支俸，曲則隨直折價。 諸親王授任者，祿從多，職田從職。 朝官兼外者同。 六十以上及未六十而病致仕者，給其祿半。 承應及軍功初出職未曆致仕，雖未六十者亦給半祿。 內外吏員及諸局分承應人，病告至百日則停給。 除程給假者俸祿職田皆以半給，衣絹則全給。 皇家袒免以上親戶別給。 夫亡，妻亦同。 若同居兄弟收充猛安謀克及歷任承應人者，不在給限。 大功以上，錢粟一十三貫石，春秋衣絹各四匹。 小功，粟一十貫石，春秋衣絹各三匹。 緦麻、袒免，錢粟八貫石，春秋衣絹二匹。
Officeholders who assumed office by the second of the month, or who left office after the fifth, received the full salary for that month. If an appointee was dispatched but delayed by official business, salary was paid from the time of arrival, excluding travel days. If appointment documents had not yet arrived and the predecessor remained in office, or if the successor had arrived while the predecessor was dispatched elsewhere, both received salary, but office fields went entirely to the successor. Office fields yielded three dou of grain and one bundle of fodder per mu. Granaries disbursed salary with the monthly payment; fermented grain was paid at commuted value. Appointed princes received the higher of applicable salaries and office fields according to their actual posts. Court officials holding concurrent external posts followed the same rule. Officials sixty or older, and those who retired due to illness before reaching sixty, received half salary. Attendants and those first appointed through military merit who retired without full service, even if under sixty, also received half salary. Internal and external clerks and bureau attendants on sick leave for one hundred days ceased to receive payment. Except during authorized travel leave, salary and office-field income were paid at half rate, but garment silk was paid in full. Imperial relatives within the tanmian degree of mourning and above received separate household allowances. If the husband died, the wife received the same allowance. Co-residing brothers enrolled as meng'an or mouke, or who had served as attendants, were excluded from these allowances. Relatives in greater-merit mourning and above received thirteen strings of cash and shi of grain, plus four bolts of garment silk each for spring and autumn. Relatives in lesser-merit mourning received ten strings of cash and shi of grain, plus three bolts of garment silk each for spring and autumn. Relatives in fine-hemp and tanmian mourning received eight strings of cash and shi of grain and two bolts of garment silk for spring and autumn.
25
諸馳驛及長行馬，職官日給。 謂奉宣省院台部委差、或許差者，下文置所等官同。 一品三貫文，二品二貫文，三品一貫五百文，四品一貫二百文，五品一貫文，六品八百文，七百六百文，八品九品四百文。 有職事官日給，外路官往回口券，依上款給一品二貫五百文，二品一貫六百文，三品一貫二百文，四品一貫文，五品九百文，六品七百文，七品六百文，八品九品四百文。 無職事官並驗前職日給，無前職者以應仕及待闕職事給之。 四品一貫三百文，五品一貫二百文，六品九百文，七品七百文，八品九品五百文。 隨朝吏員宣差及省部差委官踏逐者，引者亦同。 及統軍司按察司書吏譯人、本局差委及隨逐者，日給錢各一百五十文。 燕賜各部官僚以下，日給米糧分例，無草地處內，親王給馬二十五匹草料，親王米一石，宰執七斗，王府三斗，府尉二斗，員外郎、司馬各一斗六升，監察御史、尚書省都事、大理司直、六部主事各八升，檢、知法七升，省令、譯史六升，院台令譯史，省通事各五升，院台通事、六部令譯史通事、省祗候郎君、使庫都監各四升，誥院令史、樞密院移剌各三升，王府直府、王府及省知印直省、御史台通引、王府教讀、王傅府尉等下司吏、外路通事、省醫工調角匠、招討司移剌各二升、寫誥諸祗候人本破人同、大程官院子酒匠柴火各一升，萬戶一斗六升，猛安八升，謀克四升，蒲輦二升，正軍阿裏喜，旗鼓吹笛司吏各一升。 諸外方進貢及回賜、並人使長行馬，每匹日給草一稱、粟一斗。 宮中東宮同承應人因公差出，皆驗見請錢粟貫石、口給食料，若系本職者住程不在給限，其常破馬草料局分，如被差長行馬公幹本支草料，即聽驗日克除，若特奉宣差勾當者，依本格。 十八貫石以上九百文，十七貫石八百六十文，十五貫石以上五百四十文，七貫石以上四百六十文，六貫石四百二十文，五貫石三百八十文，四貫石三百三十文，三貫石二百八十文，二貫石二百三十文。
Officeholders on postal relay or long-distance travel received daily allowances. This applied to officials dispatched by the Secretariat, Privy Council, or Censorate on imperial commission, or those specially authorized to travel, as well as officials at downstream placement offices. First rank three strings of cash; second rank two strings; third rank one string five hundred cash; fourth rank one string two hundred cash; fifth rank one string; sixth rank eight hundred cash; seventh rank six hundred cash; eighth and ninth ranks four hundred cash. Active officeholders received daily allowances. External-route officials received round-trip travel ration coupons at the following rates: first rank two strings five hundred cash; second rank one string six hundred cash; third rank one string two hundred cash; fourth rank one string; fifth rank nine hundred cash; sixth rank seven hundred cash; seventh rank six hundred cash; eighth and ninth ranks four hundred cash. Officials without active posts received daily allowances based on their former rank; those without former rank were paid according to their eligible or pending appointment. Fourth rank one string three hundred cash; fifth rank one string two hundred cash; sixth rank nine hundred cash; seventh rank seven hundred cash; eighth and ninth ranks five hundred cash. Court clerks on imperial dispatch and officials commissioned by provincial ministries to escort them received the same allowance, as did their guides. Regional Military and Investigation commissioner clerks and translators, bureau appointees, and their escorts each received one hundred fifty cash per day. At imperial banquets, daily grain allotments were fixed for officials of the ministries and below. Where pasture was unavailable, princes received fodder for twenty-five horses. Princes received one shi of rice; chief ministers seven dou; princely households three dou; household commandants two dou; vice directors and marshals one dou six sheng each; investigating censors, Secretariat chief clerks, Court of Judicial Review direct examiners, and Six Ministries section chiefs eight sheng each; inspectors and legal officers seven sheng; Secretariat clerks and translators six sheng; Privy Council and Censorate clerks and translators and Secretariat interpreters five sheng each; Privy Council and Censorate interpreters, Six Ministries clerks, translators, and interpreters, Secretariat attendant gentlemen, and treasury superintendents four sheng each; Patent Office clerks and Privy Council yila three sheng each; princely household stewards, princely and Secretariat seal keepers, Censorate guides, princely tutors, subordinate clerks, external-route interpreters, Secretariat medical workers and horn craftsmen, and Pacification Commission yila two sheng each; patent scribes, attendants, and regular provision staff the same; chief route officials, courtyard wine makers, and firewood handlers one sheng each; wanhu one dou six sheng; meng'an eight sheng; mouke four sheng; puyan two sheng; regular soldiers and Ali Xi, and banner, drum, pipe, and flute bureau clerks one sheng each. Horses on external tribute missions, return-gift missions, and envoy travel received one bundle of fodder and one dou of grain per horse per day. Palace and Eastern Palace attendants dispatched on official business received daily food allowances according to their verified cash-and-grain entitlements. Stopovers inherent to their duties were not counted. Where a bureau normally supplied horse fodder and a long-distance horse on official business drew its regular allowance, the days could be deducted accordingly; special imperial commissions followed the standard scale. Daily food allowances by salary level: eighteen strings of cash and shi of grain or above, nine hundred cash; seventeen strings, eight hundred sixty cash; fifteen strings or above, five hundred forty cash; seven strings or above, four hundred sixty cash; six strings, four hundred twenty cash; five strings, three hundred eighty cash; four strings, three hundred thirty cash; three strings, two hundred eighty cash; two strings, two hundred thirty cash.
26
諸試護衛親軍，聽自起發日為始，計程至都，比至試補，其間各日給口券，若揀退還家者，亦驗回程給之。 未起閑住口數不在支限。 其正收之後再揀退者，亦給人三口米糧錢一百文、馬二匹草料。 諸簽軍赴鎮防處、及班祗充押遞橫差別路勾當千里以上者，沿路各日給米一升、馬一匹草料。 無馬有驢者，各支依本格。 車駕巡幸，顧工，馬夫三百文，步夫二百三十文，圍鵝夫，隨程幹辦人各二百文，傳遞果子夫一百五十文。 車駕巡幸，若於私家內安置行宮者，約量給賜段匹。 太廟神廚祠祭度勾當人、少府監隨色工匠、部役官受給官司吏，錢粟二貫石，春秋衣絹各一匹。
Trial Personal Guard conscripts received daily travel ration coupons from the day of departure until trial appointment in the capital; those rejected and sent home received the same for the return journey. Days spent idle before departure were not counted toward travel allowances. Those formally accepted and then rejected again also received grain and cash for three persons at one hundred cash, plus fodder for two horses. Enlisted soldiers proceeding to garrison posts, and roster attendants on relay escort duty for cross-route business of one thousand li or more, received one sheng of rice and fodder for one horse per day along the route. Those without horses but with donkeys were paid according to the standard scale. On imperial tours, hired laborers were paid as follows: horse handlers three hundred cash; foot carriers two hundred thirty cash; goose-enclosure handlers and route attendants two hundred cash each; relay fruit carriers one hundred fifty cash. When the imperial tour established a temporary palace in a private residence, cloth gifts were awarded in appropriate measure. Imperial Temple kitchen sacrifice handlers, Palace Workshop artisans by specialty, department conscript officials on salary, and bureau clerks received two strings of cash and shi of grain, plus one bolt of garment silk each for spring and autumn.
27
諸局作匠人請俸，繡女都管錢粟五貫石，都繡頭錢粟四貫石，副繡頭三貫五百石，中等細繡人三貫石，次等細繡人二貫五百石，習學本把正辦人錢支次等之半，描繡五人錢粟三貫石，司吏二人三貫石。 修內司，作頭五貫石，工匠四貫石，春秋衣絹各二匹。 軍夫除錢糧外，日支錢五十，米一升半。 百姓夫每日支錢一百、米一升半。 國子監雕字匠人，作頭六貫石，副作頭四貫石，春秋衣絹各二匹。 長行三貫石，射糧軍匠錢粟三貫石，春秋衣絹各二匹，習學給半。 初習學匠錢六百，米六斗，春秋絹各一匹，布各一匹。 民匠日支錢一百八十文。
Salaries for craftsmen in bureau workshops: chief embroidery supervisors five strings of cash and shi of grain; chief embroidery heads four strings; deputy embroidery heads three strings five hundred cash; mid-grade fine embroiderers three strings; lower-grade fine embroiderers two strings five hundred cash; apprentices, foremen, and regular handlers half the lower grade; five pattern embroiderers three strings of cash and shi of grain; two clerks three strings of cash and shi of grain. Palace Construction Office foremen received five strings of cash and shi of grain; craftsmen four strings; both received two bolts of garment silk each for spring and autumn. Military corvée laborers, in addition to their regular cash and grain pay, received fifty cash and one and a half sheng of rice per day. Commoner corvée laborers received one hundred cash and one and a half sheng of rice per day. National University engraving craftsmen: foremen six strings of cash and shi of grain; deputy foremen four strings; both received two bolts of garment silk each for spring and autumn. Regular guards received three strings of cash and shi of grain; grain-provision military craftsmen three strings of cash and shi of grain and two bolts of garment silk each for spring and autumn; apprentices received half pay. Beginning apprentice craftsmen received six hundred cash, six dou of rice, one bolt of silk each for spring and autumn, and one bolt of cloth each. Civilian craftsmen received one hundred eighty cash per day.
28
諸隨朝五品以下職事官身故，因公差出、及以理去任、未給解由者，身故同。 驗品，從去鄉地裏支給津遣錢。 並受職事給之，下條承應人准此。 若外路官員在任依理身故者，皆依上官品地裏減半給之。 若系五百里內不在給限，五百裏外，五品一百貫，六品七品八十貫，八品九品六十貫。 一千裏外，五品一百二十貫，六品七品一百貫，八品九品八十貫。 二千裏外，五品一百七十貫，六品七品一百五十貫，八品九品一百貫。 三千裏外，五品二百五十貫，六品七品二百貫，八品九品一百五十貫。 諸隨朝承應人身故應給津遣錢者，護衛東宮護衛同、奉禦、符寶、都省樞密院御史台令譯史同九品官，通事、宗正府六部令譯史、統軍司書史譯書、按察司書史，同。 親軍減九品官五分之二，通事、隨朝書表、吏員、譯人、統軍司通事、守當官，按察司書吏、譯人，分治都水監典吏，同。 及諸局分承應人武衛軍同減五分之三。 天壽節設施老疾貧民錢數，在都七百貫宮籍監給，諸京二十五貫此以下並系省錢給，諸府二十貫文，諸節鎮一十五貫文，諸防刺州軍一十貫文，諸外縣五貫文。 城寨系保鎮同。 諸孤老幼疾人，各月給米二斗、錢五百文，春秋衣絹各一匹五歲以下三分給二，身死者給錢一貫埋殯。 諸因災傷或遭賊驚卻饑荒去處，良民典顧、冒賣為驅，遇恩官贖為良分例若元價錢給，男子一十五貫文，婦人同，老幼各減半。 六歲以下即聽出離，不在贖換之限。 諸士庶陳言利害，若有可采，行之便於官民者，依驗等第給賞，上等銀絹三十兩匹，中等二十兩匹，下等一十兩匹，其陳數事，止從一支。 若用大事應補官者，從吏部格。
Court officeholders of fifth rank and below who died in office — whether on official dispatch, or who had left office legitimately without receiving a certificate of release — were treated the same for funeral allowances. Rank was verified and funeral travel allowance paid according to the distance from the deceased's native place. Payment followed the office held; attendants covered in the next section followed the same rule. External-route officials who died legitimately in office received half the allowance calculated by the superior official's rank and native distance. Within five hundred li no allowance was paid. Beyond five hundred li: fifth rank one hundred strings; sixth and seventh ranks eighty strings; eighth and ninth ranks sixty strings. Beyond one thousand li: fifth rank one hundred twenty strings; sixth and seventh ranks one hundred strings; eighth and ninth ranks eighty strings. Beyond two thousand li: fifth rank one hundred seventy strings; sixth and seventh ranks one hundred fifty strings; eighth and ninth ranks one hundred strings. Beyond three thousand li: fifth rank two hundred fifty strings; sixth and seventh ranks two hundred strings; eighth and ninth ranks one hundred fifty strings. Court attendants entitled to funeral travel allowance: Personal Guard and Eastern Palace Guard the same; Imperial Attendants, Tally and Seal Gentlemen, and central ministry, Privy Council, and Censorate clerks and translators at ninth-rank rates; interpreters, Imperial Clan Court and Six Ministries clerks and translators, Regional Military commissioner clerks, translators, and scribes, and Investigation commissioner clerks the same. Personal Guard received two-fifths less than ninth-rank officials; interpreters, court memorial scribes, clerical staff, translators, Regional Military commissioner interpreters, gate keepers, Investigation commissioner clerks and translators, and capital Waterworks Bureau clerks the same. Attendants in the various bureaus and Martial Guard received three-fifths less. TianShou Festival charity for the aged, sick, and poor: seven hundred strings in the capital from the Palace Registry Office; twenty-five strings in each capital, with lower amounts from provincial funds; twenty strings in prefectures; fifteen in military prefectures; ten in garrison prefectures and armies; five in outer counties. Fortified posts and protected towns followed the same scale. Orphaned aged and infirm persons received two dou of rice and five hundred cash monthly, plus one bolt of garment silk each for spring and autumn; children under five received two-thirds; upon death one string of cash was provided for burial. Where disaster, bandit raids, or famine had driven commoners to pawn or sell themselves into servitude, amnesties authorized officials to redeem them at standard rates: fifteen strings of cash for men and women alike, half that for the old and young. Children under six could leave the household immediately and were exempt from redemption requirements. Scholars and commoners who submitted useful proposals benefiting both state and people received graded rewards: upper grade thirty taels of silver and bolts of silk; middle grade twenty; lower grade ten. Multiple submissions received only one reward. If a proposal involved a major matter warranting official appointment, Ministry of Personnel regulations applied.
29
宣宗貞祐元年十二月，以糧儲不足，詔隨朝官、承應人俸，計口給之，餘依市直折之。 諭旨省臣曰：「聞親軍俸，粟每石以麥六斗折之，所省能幾，而失眾心，令給本色。」 二年八月，始給京府州縣及轉運司吏人月俸有差。 舊制惟吏案孔目官有俸，餘止給食錢，故更定焉。 三年，詔損宮中諸位歲給有差。 監察御史田迥秀言：「國家調度，行才數月，已後停滯，所患在支太多，收太少，若隨時裁損所支，而增其收，庶可久也。」 因條五事：「一曰朝官及令譯史、諸司吏員、諸局承應人，太冗濫宜省並之。 隨處屯軍皆設寄治官，徒費俸給，不若令有司兼總之。 且沿河亭障各駐鄉兵，彼皆白徒，皆不可用，不若以此軍代之，以省其出。」 四月，以調度不及，罷隨朝六品以下官及承應人從己人力輸傭錢。 減修內司所役軍夫之半。 經兵處，州、府、司吏減半，司、縣三分減一，其餘除開封府、南京轉運司外，例減三分之一。 有祿官吏而不出境者，並罷給券，出境者給其半。 興定二年正月，詔：「陝州等處司、縣官徵稅不足，閣其俸給何以養廉，自今不復閣俸。」 彰化軍節度使張行信言：「送宣之使，其視五品而上各有定數，後竟停罷。 今軍官以上奉待使者有所饋獻，至六品以下亦不免如例，而莫能辦，則斂所部以與之，至有獲罪者。 保舉縣尹，特增其俸，然法行至今，而關以西尚有未到任者，豈所舉少而不敷耶？ 宜廣選舉，以補其闕。 且丞簿亦親民者也，而獨不增，安能禁其侵牟哉！」
In the twelfth month of the first year of Zhenyou (1213), grain stores proving insufficient, an edict ordered court officials' and attendants' salaries paid per capita, with the remainder commuted at market rates. The emperor instructed the provincial ministers: "I hear Personal Guard salaries are paid with six dou of wheat commuted for each shi of grain. The savings are trifling, yet morale suffers. Order payment in kind." In the eighth month of the second year (1214), differentiated monthly salaries were introduced for clerical staff in capital prefectures, counties, and transport offices. Under the old system only chief case clerks received salary; others received only food allowances — hence the reform. In the third year (1215), an edict reduced annual grants to the various palace households on a graded basis. Investigating Censor Tian Huixiu said: "State finances run for only a few months before stalling. Expenditure is too great and revenue too small. If spending is trimmed in timely fashion and collections increased, the treasury may endure." He then proposed five measures: "First, court officials, clerks and translators, office clerical staff, and bureau attendants are excessively numerous and should be consolidated. Garrison armies everywhere maintain nominal separate officials who waste salary to no purpose; responsible offices should manage them concurrently instead. Moreover, local militia garrison the riverine fortifications — raw recruits, all unusable. These garrison troops should replace them and save the expense." In the fourth month, finances failing to keep pace, the corvée money for personal servants of court officials sixth rank and below and their attendants was abolished. Military corvée labor assigned to the Palace Construction Office was cut by half. In war-affected areas, prefecture and commissioner office clerks had their pay cut by half; circuit and county offices by one-third; everywhere else, except Kaifeng Prefecture and the Southern Capital Transport Office, pay was cut by one-third across the board. Salaried officials who remained within their jurisdiction ceased to receive travel vouchers; those who traveled abroad received half the usual allowance. In the first month of the second year of Xingding, an edict declared: "At Shaanzhou and elsewhere, when circuit and county officials failed to meet tax quotas, withholding their salaries undermined their integrity. Henceforth salaries will no longer be withheld. Military Governor of Zhanghua Zhang Xingxin memorialized: "Envoys bearing imperial decrees once received fixed allowances according to rank for those of fifth rank and above, but this practice was later abolished. Now military officers and above are expected to offer gifts when entertaining envoys, and even sixth rank and below cannot escape the custom. When they cannot afford it, they levy their subordinates to make the gifts — some have even been punished for this. Nominated county magistrates received specially increased salaries, yet even now positions west of the passes remain unfilled. Were too few candidates nominated to meet the need? Broader recruitment should be undertaken to fill these vacancies. Assistant magistrates and registrars also serve the people directly, yet their salaries alone were not raised. How can we prevent them from preying on the populace?"