Volume 60 Tables 2: Communication between States 1

天下之勢，曷有常哉。金人日尋干戈，撫制諸郡，保其疆圉，以求逞志於遼也，豈一日哉。及太祖再乘勝，已即帝位，遼乃招之使降，是猶能蒸虎變，欲誰何而止之。厥後使者八九往反，終不能定約束，何者，取天下者不徇小節，成算既定矣，終不為卑辭厚禮而輟攻。遼人過計，宋人亦過計，海上之書曰：「克遼之後，五代時陷入契丹漢地願畀下邑。」此何計之過也。血刃相向百戰而得之，卑辭厚幣以求之，難得而易與人，豈人之情哉。宋之失計有三，撤三關故塞不能固燕山塞，汴京城下之盟竭公私之帑以約質，立染楚而不力戰而江左稱臣。金人豈愛宋人而為和哉！策既失矣，名既屈矣，假使高宗立歸德，不得河北，可保河南、山東，不然，亦不失為晉元帝，其孰能亡之。金不能奄有四海，而宋人以尊稱與之，是誰強之邪。金人出於高麗，始通好為敵國，後稱臣。夏國始稱臣，末年為兄弟，于其國自為帝。宋于金初或以臣禮稱「表」，終以侄禮往復稱「書」。故識其通好與間有兵爭之歲，其盛衰大指可觀也已。使者或書本階，或用借授，兩國各因舊史，不必強同雲。

The tide of empire—when has it ever held still? Day after day the Jin took up arms, pacified the commanderies, held their frontiers, and bent every effort toward bringing down the Liao. That design was not born in a single morning. After the Taizu, twice victorious, had already taken the throne, the Liao still summoned him to submit—as if one could steam a tiger's hide to alter its stripes, then call him to account and make him halt. Envoys shuttled back and forth eight or nine times, yet no firm pact could be made. Why? Men who mean to win the realm do not fuss over minor courtesies; once the great calculation was fixed, they would not lay down the sword for soft speech and heavy gifts. The Liao reckoned too far, and the Song reckoned too far as well. In the letters of the maritime alliance it was written: 「When the Liao has been conquered, the Han territories seized by the Khitan in the Five Dynasties era shall be granted to your state. 」What folly of calculation was this. Territory bought with naked steel in a hundred fights is not surrendered because a neighbor bows low and heaps up treasure. What is won with blood is not lightly handed away—such is the way of men. Song policy failed in three ways: pulling back the old barriers of the Three Passes could not hold the Yanshan line; the treaty forced on them below the walls of Bianjing drained the treasury to ransom hostages; they set up a puppet Chu and would not fight in earnest, yet still the south of the Yangtze bowed as a vassal court. Did the Jin love the Song, then, and sue for peace out of affection? Strategy was already squandered and honor already bowed. Had Gaozong made his stand at Guide, he might have lost Hebei yet kept Henan and Shandong; failing that, he could still have played the part of Jin Yuandi. Who, then, could have extinguished him? The Jin could not swallow the four seas, yet the Song bestowed on them a grand honorific style—who was strengthening whom? The Jin are said to have issued from Goryeo: at first they exchanged embassies as a rival power, later they submitted as vassals. Xia at first addressed Jin as lord; in later years the two courts called each other brothers, and within its own borders Xia took the title of emperor. Toward Jin the Song at first sometimes used vassal forms and called their documents 「memorials」; in the end they used the etiquette of nephew to uncle and exchanged 「letters」. Record friendship and the years of war together, and the broad arc of rise and decline already comes into view. Envoys sometimes signed with their own ranks, sometimes with borrowed titles; each realm kept its own precedent in the histories, and there was no need to force the forms into perfect sameness.

	宋	夏	高麗
始通好。			穆宗時，高麗醫者自完顏部歸，謂高麗人曰：「女直居黑水部族日強，兵益精悍，年穀屢稔。」高麗王聞之，乃遣使來通好。
太祖收國元年
二年			閏正月，高麗遣使來賀捷，且請保州，太祖曰：「爾自取之。」高麗遣蒲馬請保州，詔諭高麗曰：「保州近爾邊境，聽爾自取。」
天輔元年	十二月，宋遣登州防禦使馬政來聘，請石晉時陷入契丹漢地。
二年	正月，遣散睹報聘於宋所請之地，與宋夾攻得者有之，本朝自取，不在分割之議。		十二月，遣孛菫朮孛以勝遼報諭高麗，仍賜馬一疋。
三年	六月，宋遣馬政及其子宏來聘。
四年	四月，宋復遣趙良嗣以書來議燕京、西京之地。		詔使習顯以獲遼國州郡諭高麗。高麗使謂習顯曰：「此與先父國王之書。」習顯就館，即依舊禮接見，而以表來賀，並貢方物。
五年
六年		六月，夏遣李良輔率兵三萬救遼，斡魯、婁室敗之於野谷。
七年	正月，宋復遣趙良嗣來議燕京、西京地，荅書如初約，合攻隨得者有之，今自我得，理應有報。趙良嗣言，奉命若得燕京，即納銀、絹二十萬匹、綾二萬匹，以代燕地之租稅。二月，宋復遣趙良嗣來定議，加歲幣代燕地租稅，並議畫疆、遣使、置榷場、復請西京等事。癸卯，遣孛菫銀朮可、鐸剌報聘於宋，許以武、應、朔、蔚、奉聖、歸化、儒、媯等州，其於西北一帶接連山川及州縣，不在許與之限。戊申，詔平州官與宋使一同分割所與燕京六州之地。三月，宋使盧益、趙良嗣、馬宏以誓書來。四月，復誓書於宋。五月甲寅，南京留守張覺以南京叛入於宋。
太宗天會元年	十一月，割武、朔二州與宋。是月庚午，宗望敗張覺於南京城東，覺夜遁奔於宋。十二月，遣孛菫李靖告哀於宋。	宗望至陰山，以便宜與夏國議和，許以割地。	十二月，高隨、斜野奉使高麗，至境上，接待之禮不遜，隨等不敢往。太宗曰「高麗世臣於遼，當以事遼之禮事我。而我國有新喪，遼主未獲，勿遽強之。」命隨等還。
二年	四月，宋始遣太常少卿連南夫等來弔。以高朮僕古等充遺留國信使，高興輔、劉興嗣充告即位國信使如宋。八月，以孛菫烏爪乃、李用弓為賀宋生日使。十月戊午，宋使賀天清節。十二月，孛菫高居慶、大理卿丘忠為賀宋正旦使。	正月，夏人奉誓表，請以事遼之禮稱藩。三月，夏使把里公亮等來上誓表。閏三月，遣王阿海、楊天吉賜誓詔於夏。十月，夏使謝賜誓詔。戊午，夏使賀天清節。
三年	正月癸酉朔，宋使賀正旦。辛丑，宋龍圖閣直學士許亢宗等賀即位。六月，遣李用和等以滅遼告慶於宋。七月，以耶律固等為報謝宋國使。十月壬子，宋使賀天清節。是月，詔諸將伐宋。十二月，宋給事中李鄴等奉金百鋌，請復修好。是月甲辰，宗望敗宋兵於白河，遂取燕山州縣。	正月癸酉朔，夏使賀正旦。乙未，夏使奉表致奠於和陵。十月壬子，夏使賀天清節。
四年	正月己巳，宗望諸軍渡河，使吳孝民入汴，問宋取首謀平山者。癸酉，諸軍圍汴。甲戌，宋知樞密院事李梲等奉書謝罪，且請修好。丙子，宗望許宋修好，約質，割三鎮地，增歲幣，載書稱伯姪。戊寅，宋以康王構、少宰張邦昌為質。辛巳，宋使沈晦等齎所上誓書、三鎮地圖，至軍中。癸未，諸軍解圍。二月丁酉朔夜，宋姚平仲以兵四十萬襲宗望軍。己亥，復進兵圍汴。辛丑，宋遣資政殿學士宇文虛中以書來，辯姚平仲兵非出宋主意。改肅王樞為質，遣康王構歸。壬子，宗望渡河，以滑州、濬州與宋。七月戊子，宋以蠟書陰搆右都監耶律余篤，蕭仲恭獻其書。八月，諸軍復伐宋，元帥府遣楊天吉、王汭以書責宋。十一月丙戌，宗望軍至汴。閏月壬辰朔，宗望敗宋兵於汴城下。癸巳，宗翰至汴。辛酉，宋帝詣宗翰、宗望軍，舍青城。十二月癸亥，以表降，是日歸於汴城。	正月丁卯朔，夏使賀正旦。十月丁未，夏使賀天清節。	六月，高麗使奉表稱藩，優詔荅之，仍以保州地賜。七月，遣高伯淑、烏至忠使高麗。十月丁未，高麗賀天清節。十一月，遣高隨等為賜高麗生日使。
五年	正月庚子，宋帝復至青城。二月丁卯，宋上皇至青城。是月，降宋二帝為庶人。四月，執宋二帝以歸。五月庚寅朔，宋康王構即位於歸德。十二月丙寅，宗輔伐宋。	正月辛卯朔，夏使賀正旦。十月辛未，夏使賀天清節。	正月辛卯朔，高麗使賀正旦。八月，以耶律居謹、張淮為宣慶高麗使。十月辛未，高麗使賀天清節。
六年	正月，宋康王奔揚州。七月乙巳，宋康王貶號稱臣，遣使奉表。十月，宗翰、宗輔會軍於濮。	正月丙戌朔，夏使賀正旦。十月丙寅，夏使賀天清節。	正月丙戌朔，高麗使賀正旦。十月丙寅，高麗使賀天清節。
七年	十月己亥，宋壽春安撫使馬世元以城降。十一月壬戌，宗弼渡江。丁卯，宋知江寧府陳邦光以城降。十二月丁亥，宗弼克杭州。阿里、蒲盧渾追宋康王於明州，宋康王入於海。	正月庚辰朔，夏使賀正旦。十月庚寅，夏使賀天清節。	正月庚辰朔，高麗使賀正旦。十月庚寅，高麗使賀天清節。
八年		正月甲辰朔，夏使賀正旦。十月甲申，夏使賀天清節。	正月甲辰朔，高麗使賀正旦。十月甲申，高麗使賀天清節。
九年		正月己亥朔，夏使賀正旦。十月戊寅，夏使賀天清節。	正月己亥朔，高麗使賀正旦。二月乙亥，高麗使上表，乞免索保州亡入邊戶事。十月戊寅，高麗使賀天清節。
十年		正月癸巳朔，夏使賀正旦。十月壬寅，夏使賀天清節。	正月癸巳朔，高麗使賀正旦。十月壬寅，高麗使賀天清節。
十一年		正月丁巳朔，夏使賀正旦。十月丙申，夏使賀天清節。	正月丁巳朔，高麗使賀正旦。十月丙申，高麗使賀天清節。
十二年		正月辛亥朔，夏使賀正旦。十月庚寅，夏使賀天清節。	正月辛亥朔，高麗使賀正旦。十月庚寅，高麗使賀天清節。
熈宗天會十三年		正月，遣使如夏報哀。	正月，遣使如高麗報哀。三月己卯，高麗使祭奠弔慰。四月戊午，高麗使賀登寶位。
十四年		正月己巳朔，夏使賀正旦。乙酉，夏使賀萬壽節。	正月己巳朔，高麗使賀正旦。乙酉，高麗使賀萬壽節。十月甲寅，以乾文閣待制吳激為賜高麗生日使。
十五年		正月癸亥朔，夏使賀正旦。己卯，夏使賀萬壽節。	正月癸亥朔，高麗使賀正旦。己卯，高麗使賀萬壽節。
天眷元年	八月，以河南地賜宋。右司侍郎張通古等詔諭江南。	正月戊子朔，夏使賀正旦。甲辰，夏使賀萬壽節。	正月戊子朔，高麗使賀正旦。甲辰，高麗使賀萬壽節。十二月甲戌，高麗使入貢。
二年	四月己卯，宋遣其端明殿大學士韓肖冑等奉表，謝賜河南地。九月壬寅，宋端明殿學士王倫、保信軍節度使藍公佐奉表乞歸父喪。	正月壬午朔，夏使賀正旦。戊戌，夏使賀萬壽節。十月癸酉，夏國王李乾順薨，子仁孝嗣位，遣使來告喪。	正月壬午朔，高麗使賀正旦。戊戌，高麗使賀萬壽節。
三年	四年癸亥，宋禮部尚書莫將等來迎護梓宮。五月己卯，詔復取河南、陝西。十二月乙亥，復伐宋淮南。	正月丁丑朔，夏使賀正旦。癸巳，夏使賀萬壽節。九月，夏使謝賻贈，復謝封冊。	正月丁丑朔，高麗使賀正旦。癸巳，高麗使賀萬壽節。
皇統元年	二月，宗弼克廬州。九月，宗弼渡淮，宋乞罷兵，宗弼以便宜與宋畫淮為界。	正月辛丑朔，夏使賀正旦。壬寅，夏使請上尊號。丁巳，夏使賀萬壽節。	正月辛丑朔，高麗使賀正旦。壬寅，高麗使請上尊號。丁巳，高麗使賀萬壽節。十一月己酉，高麗使賀尊號。
二年	二月辛卯，宋端明殿學士何鑄、容州觀察使曹勛來進誓表。三月丙辰，遣光祿大夫左宣徽使劉筈冊宋康王為宋帝，以故天水郡王等三喪及宋帝母韋氏歸於宋。五月乙卯，遣使賜宋誓詔。八月丁卯，詔遣宋使朱弁、張邵、洪皓等歸。十二月庚午，宋使上表，謝歸三喪及母韋氏。	正月乙未朔，夏使賀正旦。辛亥，夏使賀萬壽節。	正月乙未朔，高麗使賀正旦。乙巳，詔加高麗國王王楷開府儀同三司、上柱國。辛亥，高麗使賀萬壽節。十二月乙丑，高麗使謝賜封冊。
三年	正月己丑朔，宋使賀正旦。乙巳，宋使賀萬壽節。	正月己丑朔，夏使賀正旦。乙巳，夏使賀萬壽節。	正月己丑朔，高麗使賀正旦。乙巳，高麗使賀萬壽節。
四年	正月癸丑朔，宋使賀正旦。己巳，宋使賀萬壽節。	正月癸丑朔，夏使賀正旦。己巳，夏使賀萬壽節。	正月癸丑朔，高麗使賀正旦。己巳，高麗使賀萬壽節。
五年	正月丁未朔，宋使賀正旦。癸亥，宋使賀萬壽節。	正月丁未朔，夏使賀正旦。癸亥，夏使賀萬壽節。四月庚辰，以右衛將軍撒海、兵部郎中耶律福為橫賜夏國使。	正月丁未朔，高麗使賀正旦。癸亥，高麗使賀萬壽節。
六年	正月辛未朔，宋使賀正旦。丁亥，宋使賀萬壽節。	正月辛未朔，夏使賀正旦。丁亥，夏使賀萬壽節。	正月辛未朔，高麗使賀正旦。丁亥，高麗使賀萬壽節。五月壬申，高麗國王王楷薨，子睍嗣位，遣使來報喪。六月乙丑，遣使祭弔高麗。
七年	正月乙丑朔，宋使賀正旦。辛巳，宋使賀萬壽節。	正月乙丑朔，夏使賀正旦。辛巳，夏使賀萬壽節。	正月乙丑朔，高麗使賀正旦。辛巳，高麗使賀萬壽節。三月戊寅，高麗使來謝弔祭。
八年	正月庚申朔，宋使賀正旦。丙子，宋使賀萬壽節。	正月庚申朔，夏使賀正旦。丙子，夏使賀萬壽節。	正月庚申朔，高麗使賀正旦。丙子，高麗使賀萬壽節。六月，高麗使謝賜封冊。
九年	正月甲申朔，宋使賀正旦。庚子，宋使賀萬壽節。	正月甲申朔，夏使賀正旦。庚子，夏使賀萬壽節。	正月甲申朔，高麗使賀正旦。庚子，高麗使賀萬壽節。
海陵天德元年	十二月，宋賀正旦使至廣寧，遣人諭以廢立之事，於中路遣還。	十二月，夏賀正旦使至廣寧，遣人諭以廢立之事，於中路遣還。	十二月，高麗賀正旦使至廣寧，遣人諭以廢立之事，於中路遣還。
二年	正月辛巳，以名諱告諭宋。是月，遣侍衛親軍步軍都指揮使完顏思恭、翰林直學士翟永固為報諭宋國使。二月甲子，以兵部尚書完顏元宜、修起居注高懷貞為賀宋生日使。三月丙戌，宋參知政事余唐弼、保信軍節度使鄭藻賀即位。余唐弼等回，以天水郡王玉帶歸於宋主。	正月辛巳，以名諱告諭夏。再遣使報諭夏國。七月戊戌，夏御史中丞雜辣公濟、中書舍人李崇德賀登寶位。再遣開封尹蘇執義、祕書監王舉賀受尊號。	正月辛巳，以名諱告諭高麗。再遣使報諭高麗。三月丙戌，高麗遣知樞密院事文公裕、殿中監樸純沖賀登寶位。
三年	正月癸酉朔，宋使賀正旦。三月庚寅，以翰林學士中奉大夫劉長言、少府監耶律五哥為賀宋生日使。六月，宋使奉表祈請山陵地，不許。十月，以右副點檢不朮魯阿海、翰林侍講學士蕭永祺為賀宋正旦使。	正月癸酉朔，夏使賀正旦。九月甲子，夏使上表，請不去尊號。以經武將軍修起居注蕭彭哥為夏生日使。	正月癸酉朔，高麗使賀正旦。九月，以東京路兵馬都緫管府判官蕭子敏為高麗生日使。
四年	正月丁酉朔，宋使賀正旦。壬子，宋使賀生辰。三月，刑部尚書田秀穎、東上閤門使大斌為賀宋生日使。十月甲申，以太子詹事張用直、左司郎中溫都斡帶為賀宋正旦使。十二月辛未，以張用直卒，改遣汴京路都轉運使左瀛為賀宋正旦使。	正月丁酉朔，夏使賀正旦。壬子，夏使賀生辰。九月，吏部郎中蕭中立為夏生日使。	正月丁酉朔，高麗使賀正旦。壬子，高麗使賀生辰。九月，都水使者完顏麻潑為高麗生日使。
貞元元年	正月辛卯，以皇弟兗薨，不視朝，命有司受宋貢獻。四月，以右宣徽使紇石烈撤合輦、廣威將軍兵部郎中蕭簡為賀宋生日使。十一月，以戶部尚書蔡松年、右司郎中婁室為賀宋正旦使。	正月辛卯，以皇弟兗薨，不視朝，命有司受夏貢獻。九月丁亥朔，以翰林待制謀良虎為夏生日使。	正月辛卯，以皇弟兗薨，不視朝，命有司受高麗貢獻。九月，以吏部郎中窊合山充高麗生日使。
二年	正月甲寅朔，以疾不視朝，宋使就館燕。己巳，宋使賀生辰。四月辛卯，工部尚書耶律安禮、吏部侍郎許霖為賀宋生日使。十月，以刑部侍郎白彥恭為賀宋正旦使。十二月丁未，宋使貢方物。	正月甲寅朔，以疾不視朝，賜夏使就館燕。己巳，夏使賀生辰。三月戊辰，夏使王公佐賀遷都。九月辛亥朔，夏使謝恩，且請市儒、釋書。十二月丁未，夏使貢方物。	正月甲寅朔，以疾不視朝，賜高麗使就館燕。己巳，高麗使賀生辰。六月己亥，高麗使謝橫賜。十一月戊辰，高麗使謝賜生日。十二月丁未，高麗使貢方物。
三年	正月己酉朔，宋使賀正旦。甲子，宋使賀生辰。三月庚午，以左司郎中李通、同知南京路都轉運司事耶律隆為賀宋生日使。十月己亥，翰林學士承旨耶律歸一為賀宋正旦使。	正月己酉朔，夏使賀正旦。甲子，夏使賀生辰。五月癸亥，夏使謝恩。	正月己酉朔，高麗使賀正旦。甲子，高麗使賀生辰。
正隆元年	正月癸卯朔，宋使賀正旦。戊午，宋使賀生辰。三月庚申，以左宣徽使敬嗣暉、大理卿蕭中立為賀宋生日使。十一月己巳朔，以右司郎中梁銶、左將軍耶律湛為賀宋正旦使。	正月癸卯朔，夏使賀正旦。戊午，夏使賀生辰。	正月癸卯朔，高麗使賀正旦。戊午，高麗使賀生辰。
二年	正月戊辰朔，宋使賀正旦。癸未，宋使賀生辰。六月，以禮部尚書耶律守素、刑部侍郎許竑為賀宋生日使。十一月，侍衛親軍馬步軍副都指揮使高助不古、戶部侍郎阿勒根窊產為賀宋正旦使。	正月戊辰朔，夏使賀正旦。癸未，夏使賀生辰。四月，宿直將軍溫敦斡喝為橫賜夏國使。九月乙丑，以宿直將軍僕散烏里黑為夏生日使。	正月戊辰朔，高麗使賀正旦。癸未，高麗使賀生辰。三月丙寅朔，高麗使賀受尊號。四月，以簽書宣徽院事張哲為橫賜高麗使。
三年	正月壬戌朔，宋使孫道夫賀正旦。丁丑，宋使賀生辰。三月辛巳，以兵部尚書蕭恭、太府監魏子平為賀宋生日使。十一月辛酉，以工部尚書蘇保衡、吏部侍郎阿典和實懣為賀宋正旦使。	正月壬戌朔，夏使賀正旦。丙寅，夏奏告使還，命左宣徽使敬嗣暉諭之。（云云。）丁丑，夏使賀生辰。九月庚午，以宿直將軍阿魯保為夏生日使。	正月壬戌朔，高麗使賀正旦。丁丑，高麗使賀生辰。九月丁丑，以教坊提點高存福為高麗生日使。
四年	正月丙辰朔，宋使賀正旦。辛未，宋使賀生辰。四月，遣資德大夫祕書監王可道、朝散大夫左司郎中王蔚為賀宋生日使。七月甲辰，宋使上表，謝賜戒諭。十一月甲辰，以翰林侍講學士施宜生、宿州防禦使耶律闢里剌為賀宋正旦使。十二月乙卯，宋使來告其母韋氏哀。乙丑，以左副點檢大懷忠、大興少尹耨碗溫都謙為宋弔祭使。	正月丙辰朔，夏使賀正旦。辛未，夏使賀生辰。三月丙辰朔，遣兵部尚書蕭恭經畫夏國邊界。九月，昭毅大將軍宿直將軍加古撻懶為夏生日使。	正月丙辰朔，高麗使賀正旦。辛未，高麗使賀生辰。九月，遣宣武將軍翰林待制完顏達紀為高麗生日使。
五年	正月庚辰朔，宋使賀正旦。乙未，宋使賀生辰。二月壬子，宋參知政事賀允中等為韋后遺獻使。四月，宋使葉義問等來謝弔祭。十一月，以濟南尹僕散烏者、翰林直學士韓汝嘉為賀宋正旦使。	正月庚辰，夏使賀正旦。乙未，夏使賀生辰。	正月庚辰朔，高麗使賀正旦。乙未，高麗使賀生辰。
六年	正月甲戌朔，宋使賀正旦。己丑，宋使賀生辰。四月，以簽書樞密院事高景山為賀宋生日使。九月，以三十二緫管兵伐宋。甲午，發南京。十月丁未，渡淮。癸亥，次和州。宋人陷德順州。十一月，上駐軍江北，遣武平緫管阿鄰先渡至南岸，失利。上進兵揚州。甲午，會師瓜洲渡。乙未，遇弒。	正月甲戌朔，夏使賀正旦。己丑，夏使賀生辰。	正月甲戌朔，高麗使賀正旦。己丑，高麗使賀生辰。八月，遣太常博士張崇為高麗生日使。

	Song	Xia	Goryeo
Friendly relations first established.			Under Muzong, a Goryeo physician returning from the Wanyan clan told his countrymen: 「The Jurchens of the Black Water tribes grow stronger by the day; their soldiers are ever sharper, and the grain harvests have been rich year after year.」When the king of Goryeo heard this, he sent envoys to open friendly relations.
Taizu, Shouguo year 1
Year 2			Intercalary first month: Goryeo sent envoys to congratulate the victory and asked for Bozhou. The Taizu said, 「Take it yourselves.」Goryeo sent Puma to press the request for Bozhou; an edict told Goryeo, 「Bozhou lies on your frontier—you may seize it yourselves.」
Tianfu year 1	Twelfth month: the Song sent Ma Zheng, defense commissioner of Dengzhou, on an embassy, asking for the Han territories seized by the Khitan in the era of Shi Jing.
Year 2	First month: Sanzhu was sent to answer the Song embassy on the lands they had asked for—territory taken in joint attack might be shared, but what our dynasty seized on its own lay outside any talk of division.		Twelfth month: Boqian Wulie was sent to announce the defeat of the Liao to Goryeo, and one horse was granted besides.
Year 3	Sixth month: the Song sent Ma Zheng and his son Hong on an embassy.
Year 4	Fourth month: the Song again sent Zhao Liangsi with a letter to negotiate Yanjing and the Western Capital.		The edict envoy Xixian announced the Liao prefectures and districts that had been taken. The Goryeo envoy told Xixian, 「This accords with the letter of my late father the king.」Xixian went to the lodge and received him at once according to the former etiquette; he arrived with a memorial of congratulation and presented tribute goods as well.
Year 5
Sixth year		In the sixth month, Western Xia sent Li Liangfu at the head of thirty thousand troops to relieve Liao; Wulu and Wushi routed them at Yegu.
Seventh year	In the first month, Song again sent Zhao Liangsi to negotiate Yanjing and the Western Capital. The reply followed the original pact: in a joint attack, whoever captured a place kept it; now that Jin had taken the territory, Song owed compensation. Zhao Liangsi said that, by imperial order, once Yanjing was secured Song would pay two hundred thousand bolts of silver and silk and twenty thousand bolts of damask in place of Yan’s land tax. In the second month Zhao Liangsi returned to finalize terms—added annual payments instead of Yan taxes, and discussed borders, envoys, border markets, and a renewed bid for the Western Capital. On guimao, Bojin Yinshu Ke and Duola were sent to Song with the response, ceding Wu, Ying, Shuo, Wei, Fengsheng, Guihua, Ru, and Ji; the northwestern chain of mountains, rivers, and districts was excluded. On wushen, Pingzhou officials were ordered to demarcate the six Yanjing prefectures with Song envoys. In the third month, Lu Yi, Zhao Liangsi, and Ma Hong brought the oath. In the fourth month oaths were exchanged again. On jiayin in the fifth month, Zhang Jue, garrison commander of the Southern Capital, rebelled and defected to Song with that city.
Taizong, first year of Tianhui	In the eleventh month, Wu and Shuo prefectures were ceded to Song. On gengwu that month, Zongwang defeated Zhang Jue east of the Southern Capital; Jue fled to Song by night. In the twelfth month, Bojin Li Jing was sent to inform Song of the imperial bereavement.	Zongwang reached Yinshan and, on his own authority, made peace with Western Xia, promising territorial concessions.	In the twelfth month, Gao Sui and Xieye were dispatched to Goryeo. At the frontier the reception was discourteous, and they did not enter. Taizong said, “Goryeo was Liao’s vassal for generations; they should serve us with the same ceremony. We are in new mourning and the Liao sovereign is not yet taken—do not force them.” Sui and his party were ordered home.
Second year	In the fourth month, Song first sent Vice Director of the Imperial Clan Lian Nanfu and others to mourn. Gao Zhu Pugu and others served as envoys left behind; Gao Xingfu and Liu Xingsi announced the new reign in Song. In the eighth month, Bojin Wuzhua Nai and Li Yonggong were sent to congratulate Song on the emperor’s birthday. On wuwu in the tenth month, Song envoys came for the Tianqing festival. In the twelfth month, Bojin Gao Juqing and Court of Judicial Review grand judge Qiu Zhong were sent to congratulate Song on New Year’s Day.	In the first month, Western Xia submitted an oath memorial, asking to use toward Jin the same vassal protocol they had used toward Liao. In the third month, envoys led by Bali Gongliang brought the oath. In the intercalary third month, Wang Ahai and Yang Tianji were sent to deliver the oath edict to Xia. In the tenth month, Xia envoys thanked Jin for the edict. On wuwu, Xia envoys congratulated Jin on the Tianqing festival.
Third year	On guiyou, New Year’s Day of the first month, Song envoys offered New Year greetings. On xinchou, Xu Kangzong of the Song Dragon Diagram Hall and others congratulated Jin on the enthronement. In the sixth month, Li Yonghe and others were sent to announce the fall of Liao to Song. In the seventh month, Yelü Gu and others were appointed envoys to return thanks to Song. On renzi in the tenth month, Song envoys came for the Tianqing festival. That month an edict ordered generals to invade Song. In the twelfth month, Song Supervising Secretary Li Ye and others offered one hundred gold ingots, asking to renew peace. On jiachen that month, Zongwang routed Song forces at the Bai River and seized the Yan Mountains prefectures.	On guiyou, New Year’s Day of the first month, Western Xia envoys offered New Year greetings. On yiwei, Xia envoys presented a memorial of condolence at Heling. On renzi in the tenth month, Xia envoys came for the Tianqing festival.
Fourth year	On jisi in the first month, Zongwang’s forces crossed the Yellow River and sent Wu Xiaomin into Bian (Kaifeng) to demand the chief conspirator behind the Ping Mountain incident. On guiyou they encircled the capital. On jiaxu, Song Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs Li Chu and others sent a letter of apology and asked to renew peace. On bingzi, Zongwang agreed—on terms of hostages, cession of three border prefectures, higher annual payments, and a treaty styled as uncle and nephew. On wuyin, Prince Kang Zhao Gou and Junior Chief Councillor Zhang Bangchang were sent as hostages. On xinsi, Shen Hui and other Song envoys delivered the oath and maps of the three prefectures to camp. On guimao the siege was raised. On the night of dingyou, New Year’s Day of the second month, Yao Pingzhong struck Zongwang’s camp with four hundred thousand men. On jihai the Jin army besieged Bian again. On xinchou, Yuwen Xuzhong wrote that Yao’s attack was not the emperor’s order; Prince Su replaced Prince Kang as hostage and Kang was sent home. On renzi, Zongwang recrossed the river and restored Hua and Jun to Song. On wuzi in the seventh month, Song’s wax-sealed letter plotting with Yelü Yudu was seized when Xiao Zhonggong turned it in. In the eighth month Jin invaded again; Yang Tianji and Wang Rui delivered the marshal’s rebuke. On bingxu in the eleventh month, Zongwang reached Bian. On renchen, New Year’s Day of the intercalary month, he defeated Song below the walls. Zonghan arrived on guisi. On xinyou the Song emperor came to the Jin camps at Qingcheng. On guihai in the twelfth month he surrendered by memorial and returned to the palace that day.	On dingmao, New Year’s Day of the first month, Western Xia envoys offered New Year greetings. On dingwei in the tenth month, Xia envoys came for the Tianqing festival.	In the sixth month, Goryeo submitted a vassal memorial; Jin answered with a gracious edict and granted Baozhou as well. In the seventh month, Gao Boshu and Wuzhi Zhong were sent to Goryeo. On dingwei in the tenth month, Goryeo envoys came for the Tianqing festival. In the eleventh month, Gao Sui and others were sent to present birthday gifts to the Goryeo king.
Fifth year	On gengzi in the first month, the Song emperor again went to Qingcheng. On dingmao in the second month, the retired emperor followed. That month both Song emperors were reduced to commoners. In the fourth month they were led away as prisoners. On gengyin, New Year’s Day of the fifth month, Prince Kang Zhao Gou was enthroned at Guide. In the twelfth month, on bingyin, Zongfu marched against Song.	On xinmao, New Year’s Day of the first month, Western Xia envoys offered New Year greetings. On xinwei in the tenth month, Xia envoys came for the Tianqing festival.	On xinmao, New Year’s Day of the first month, Goryeo envoys offered New Year greetings. In the eighth month, Yelü Jujin and Zhang Huai were sent to proclaim congratulations to Goryeo. On xinwei in the tenth month, Goryeo envoys came for the Tianqing festival.
Sixth year	In the first month, Prince Kang of Song fled to Yangzhou. On yisi in the seventh month, now styling himself a subject with reduced title, he sent envoys with a memorial. In the tenth month, Zonghan and Zongfu joined forces at Pu.	On bingxu, New Year’s Day of the first month, Western Xia envoys offered New Year greetings. On bingyin in the tenth month, Xia envoys came for the Tianqing festival.	On bingxu, New Year’s Day of the first month, Goryeo envoys offered New Year greetings. On bingyin in the tenth month, Goryeo envoys came for the Tianqing festival.
Seventh year	On jihai in the tenth month, Ma Shiyuan, Song pacification commissioner of Shouchun, surrendered the city. On renxu in the eleventh month, Zongbi crossed the Yangzi. On dingmao, Chen Bangguang, prefect of Jiangning, surrendered. On dinghai in the twelfth month, Zongbi captured Hangzhou. Ali and Puluhun chased Prince Kang to Mingzhou; the prince put to sea.	On gengchen, New Year’s Day of the first month, Western Xia envoys offered New Year greetings. On gengyin in the tenth month, Xia envoys came for the Tianqing festival.	On gengchen, New Year’s Day of the first month, Goryeo envoys offered New Year greetings. On gengyin in the tenth month, Goryeo envoys came for the Tianqing festival.
Eighth year		On jiachen, New Year’s Day of the first month, Western Xia envoys offered New Year greetings. On jiashen in the tenth month, Xia envoys came for the Tianqing festival.	On jiachen, New Year’s Day of the first month, Goryeo envoys offered New Year greetings. On jiashen in the tenth month, Goryeo envoys came for the Tianqing festival.
Ninth year		On jihai, New Year’s Day of the first month, Western Xia envoys offered New Year greetings. On wuyin in the tenth month, Xia envoys came for the Tianqing festival.	On jihai, New Year’s Day of the first month, Goryeo envoys offered New Year greetings. On yihai in the second month, Goryeo petitioned to be spared pursuit of subjects who had crossed into Baozhou. On wuyin in the tenth month, Goryeo envoys came for the Tianqing festival.
Tenth year		On guisi, New Year’s Day of the first month, Western Xia envoys offered New Year greetings. On renyin in the tenth month, Xia envoys came for the Tianqing festival.	On guisi, New Year’s Day of the first month, Goryeo envoys offered New Year greetings. On renyin in the tenth month, Goryeo envoys came for the Tianqing festival.
Eleventh year		On dingsi, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On bingshen day in the tenth month Xia envoys came for the Heavenly Clarity Festival.	On dingsi, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On bingshen day in the tenth month Goryeo envoys came for the Heavenly Clarity Festival.
Twelfth year		On xinhai, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On gengyin day in the tenth month Xia envoys came for the Heavenly Clarity Festival.	On xinhai, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On gengyin day in the tenth month Goryeo envoys came for the Heavenly Clarity Festival.
Thirteenth year of the Tianhui reign of Emperor Xizong		In the first month envoys were dispatched to Xia to announce the imperial mourning.	In the first month envoys were sent to Goryeo to announce the mourning. On jimao day in the third month Goryeo envoys came to mourn and offer comfort. On wuwu day in the fourth month Goryeo envoys congratulated the new emperor on his accession.
Fourteenth year		On jisi, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On yiyou day Xia envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On jisi, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On yiyou day they came for the Wan Shou Festival. On jiayin day in the tenth month Hanlin Attendant Drafting Wu Ji was appointed envoy to bestow the birthday gift on Goryeo.
Fifteenth year		On guihai, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On jimao day Xia envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On guihai, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On jimao day Goryeo envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.
First year of the Tianjuan reign	In the eighth month the Henan territories were ceded to Song. Vice Director of the Right Bureau Zhang Tonggu and others were sent with an edict to notify the Jiangnan region.	On wuzi, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On jiachen day Xia envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On wuzi, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On jiachen day they came for the Wan Shou Festival. On jiaxu day in the twelfth month Goryeo envoys presented tribute.
Second year	On jimao day in the fourth month Song sent Grand Academician of the Duanming Hall Han Xiaoshou and others with a memorial thanking the court for Henan. On renyin day in the ninth month Duanming Hall Academician Wang Lun and Baoxin Army Military Commissioner Lan Gongzuo asked permission to bring their father’s coffin home.	On renwu, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On wuxu day they came for the Wan Shou Festival. On guiyou day in the tenth month King Li Qianshun of Xia died and his son Renxiao succeeded; envoys came to announce the death.	On renwu, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On wuxu day they came for the Wan Shou Festival.
Third year	In the fourth year (guihai) Minister of Rites Mo Jiang and others of Song came to escort the imperial coffin. On jimao day in the fifth month an edict ordered the retaking of Henan and Shaanxi. On yihai day in the twelfth month Jin again campaigned against Song south of the Huai.	On dingchou, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On guisi day they came for the Wan Shou Festival. In the ninth month Xia envoys thanked the court for gifts and again for the investiture.	On dingchou, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On guisi day Goryeo envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.
First year of the Huangtong reign	In the second month Zongbi took Luzhou. In the ninth month he crossed the Huai; Song sued for peace, and Zongbi, as he saw fit, fixed the Huai as the boundary with Song.	On xinchou, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On renyin day they petitioned for an elevated honorific. On dingsi day Xia envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On xinchou, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On renyin day they petitioned for an elevated honorific. On dingsi day they came for the Wan Shou Festival. On jiyou day in the eleventh month Goryeo envoys congratulated the new honorific title.
Second year	On xinmao day in the second month, Duanming Hall Academician He Zhu and Rongzhou Observation Commissioner Cao Xun of Song presented the oath memorial. On bingchen day in the third month Grand Master of Splendid Happiness Liu Gua, Left Palace Deputy Commissioner, was sent to invest the Prince of Kang as Emperor of Song; the three coffins of the late Prince of Tianshui and others and the emperor’s mother, Lady Wei, were sent home to Song. On yimao day in the fifth month envoys were dispatched with the oath edict for Song. On dingmao day in the eighth month an edict ordered the release of Song envoys Zhu Bian, Zhang Shao, Hong Hao, and others. On gengwu day in the twelfth month Song envoys submitted a memorial thanking the court for the return of the three coffins and Lady Wei.	On yiwei, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On xinhai day Xia envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On yiwei, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On yisi day an edict promoted Goryeo King Wang Kai to Palatial Minister of the First Rank and Supreme Pillar of the State. On xinhai day they came for the Wan Shou Festival. On yichou day in the twelfth month Goryeo envoys thanked the court for the investiture patent.
Third year	On jichou, the first day of the first month, Song envoys came for the New Year. On yisi day Song envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On jichou, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On yisi day Xia envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On jichou, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On yisi day Goryeo envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.
Fourth year	On guichou, the first day of the first month, Song envoys came for the New Year. On jisi day Song envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On guichou, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On jisi day Xia envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On guichou, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On jisi day Goryeo envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.
Fifth year	On dingwei, the first day of the first month, Song envoys came for the New Year. On guihai day Song envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On dingwei, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On guihai day Xia envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival. On gengchen day in the fourth month Right Guard General Sa Hai and Bureau of War Section Chief Yelü Fu were appointed special-bestowal envoys to Xia.	On dingwei, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On guihai day Goryeo envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.
Sixth year	On xinwei, the first day of the first month, Song envoys came for the New Year. On dinghai day Song envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On xinwei, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On dinghai day Xia envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On xinwei, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On dinghai day they came for the Wan Shou Festival. On renshen day in the fifth month King Wang Kai of Goryeo died and his son Xian succeeded; envoys came to announce the death. On yichou day in the sixth month envoys were sent to mourn and sacrifice for Goryeo.
Seventh year	On yichou, the first day of the first month, Song envoys came for the New Year. On xinsi day Song envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On yichou, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On xinsi day Xia envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On yichou, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On xinsi day they came for the Wan Shou Festival. On wuyin day in the third month Goryeo envoys came to thank the court for the mourning sacrifices.
Eighth year	On gengshen, the first day of the first month, Song envoys came for the New Year. On bingzi day Song envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On gengshen, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On bingzi day Xia envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On gengshen, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On bingzi day they came for the Wan Shou Festival. In the sixth month Goryeo envoys thanked the court for the investiture patent.
Ninth year	On jiashen, the first day of the first month, Song envoys came for the New Year. On gengzi day Song envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On jiashen, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On gengzi day Xia envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.	On jiashen, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. On gengzi day Goryeo envoys came for the Wan Shou Festival.
First year of the Tiande reign of Prince Hailing	In the twelfth month Song envoys bound for the New Year reached Guangning; an official was sent to explain the coup and enthronement, and they were turned back on the road.	In the twelfth month Xia envoys bound for the New Year reached Guangning; an official was sent to explain the coup and enthronement, and they were turned back on the road.	In the twelfth month Goryeo envoys bound for the New Year reached Guangning; an official was sent to explain the coup and enthronement, and they were turned back on the road.
Second year	On xinsi day in the first month the court announced the taboo on the emperor’s personal name to Song. That month Palace Guard Infantry Commander Wanyan Sigong and Hanlin Academician-in-Attendance Zhai Yonggu were sent to notify Song. On jiazi day in the second month Minister of War Wanyan Yuanyi and Recorder of the Sovereign’s Actions Gao Huaizhen were appointed envoys for Song’s birthday. On bingxu day in the third month Vice Director of the Secretariat Yu Tangbi and Baoxin Army Military Commissioner Zheng Zao of Song congratulated the new emperor on his accession. When Yu Tangbi and his party returned, the jade belt of the Prince of Tianshui was sent back to the Song ruler.	On xinsi day in the first month the court announced the taboo on the personal name to Xia and again dispatched envoys to notify Xia. On wuxu day in the seventh month Xia Censor-in-Chief Zala Gongji and Secretariat Drafter Li Chongde congratulated the new emperor on his accession. A second mission followed—Kaifeng Intendant Su Zhiyi and Secretariat Director Wang Ju came to congratulate the new honorific title.	On xinsi day in the first month the court announced the taboo on the personal name to Goryeo and again sent envoys to notify them. On bingxu day in the third month Goryeo dispatched Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs Wen Gongyu and Director of the Palace Service Bureau Pak Sun-chung to congratulate the new emperor on his accession.
Third year	On guiyou, the first day of the first month, Song envoys came for the New Year. On gengyin day in the third month Hanlin Academician Liu Changyan and Director of the Palace Workshops Yelü Wuge were sent to congratulate Song on the imperial birthday. In the sixth month Song envoys begged for land for the imperial tombs; the court refused. In the tenth month Right Deputy Director of Inspections Bushuru Ahai and Hanlin Lecturing Academician Xiao Yongqi were appointed envoys for Song’s New Year.	On guiyou, the first day of the first month, Xia envoys came for the New Year. On jiazi day in the ninth month Xia envoys memorialized, asking that their exalted title stand. Xiao Pengge, General of Sustained Martiality and palace attendant drafting, was sent as birthday envoy to Xia.	On guiyou, the first day of the first month, Goryeo envoys came for the New Year. In the ninth month Xiao Zimin, judge of the Eastern Capital Route Military Commission, was sent as birthday envoy to Goryeo.

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