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列傳第十三○盧彥倫子:璣 (子:亨嗣) 毛子廉李三錫孔敬宗李師夔沈璋左企弓虞仲文曹勇義康公弼左泌弟:淵 (子:光慶)
Biography 13: Lu Yanlun; his son Ji (son: Hengsi) Mao Zilian; Li Sanxi; Kong Jingzong; Li Shikui; Shen Zhang; Zuo Qigong; Yu Zhongwen; Cao Yongyi; Kang Gongbi; Zuo Bi; his younger brother Yuan (son: Guangqing)
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1.1.1子亨嗣
1.1.1 His son Hengsi
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11.1.1子光慶
11.1.1 His son Guangqing
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盧彥倫
Lu Yanlun
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盧彥倫，臨潢人。 遼天慶初，蕭貞一留守上京，置為吏，以材幹稱。 是時，臨潢之境多盜，而城中兵無統屬者，府以彥倫為材，薦之於朝，即授殿直、勾當兵馬公事。
Lu Yanlun was a native of Linhuang. In the early Tianqing reign of the Liao, when Xiao Zhenyi was defending the Superior Capital, he took Yanlun on as a clerk, and Yanlun won a reputation for ability and resourcefulness. Banditry was rife around Linhuang at the time, while the garrison in the city lacked a unified command. The prefectural authorities, judging Yanlun capable, recommended him to court, and he was promptly made a palace attendant and assigned to manage military affairs.
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遼兵敗於出河店，還至臨潢，散居民家，令給養之，而軍士縱恣侵擾，無所不至，百姓殊厭苦之。 留守耶律赤狗兒不能禁戢，乃召軍民諭之曰：「契丹、漢人久為一家，今邊方有警，國用不足，致使兵士久溷父老間，有侵擾亦當相容。」 眾皆無敢言者。 彥倫獨曰：「兵興以來，民間財力困竭，今複使之養土，以國家多故，義固不敢辭。 而此輩恣為強暴，人不能堪。 且番、漢之民皆赤子也，奪此與彼，謂何。」
After the Liao army was defeated at Chuhedian, it fell back on Linhuang and was quartered among the townspeople, who were ordered to feed the men. The soldiers plundered and bullied without restraint, and the populace suffered bitterly. The defending commissioner Yelü Chigou'er could not rein them in. He therefore assembled soldiers and civilians and told them, "Khitan and Han have long been one household. With trouble on the borders and the treasury empty, the army has had to lodge among you for a long time. You must endure whatever harassment occurs." No one in the assembly dared to object. Yanlun alone spoke up: "Since the wars began, the people's means have been drained dry. Now we are asked to support the army again. Given the state's many troubles, we would not refuse in principle. But these men commit outrages at will, and no one can endure it. Besides, Khitan and Han alike are the emperor's children. To rob one group for another—what sort of justice is that?"
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初取臨潢，軍中有辛訛特刺者，舊為臨潢驛吏，與彥倫善，使往招諭，彥倫殺之。 遼授彥倫團練使、勾當留守司公事。
When the Jin first seized Linhuang, a soldier named Xin Woteci—once a clerk at the Linhuang courier station and friendly with Yanlun—was sent to win him over. Yanlun had him killed. The Liao court appointed Yanlun regimental training commissioner and acting commissioner of the defending headquarters.
8
天輔四年，彥倫從留守撻不野出降。 授夏州觀察使，權發遣上京留守事。 師還，撻不野以城叛，彥倫乃率所部逐撻不野，盡殺城中契丹，遣使來報。 未幾，遼將耶律馬哥以兵取臨潢，彥倫拒守者七月。 會援兵至，敵解圍去，因赴闕。
In the fourth year of Tianfu, Yanlun followed the defending commissioner Tabuye in submitting to the Jin. He was made observation commissioner of Xia Prefecture and provisionally directed affairs at the Superior Capital defending headquarters. After the army withdrew, Tabuye rebelled and held the city. Yanlun led his men in pursuit, slaughtered every Khitan still in the city, and dispatched messengers to report what he had done. Before long the Liao general Yelü Mage marched on Linhuang with an army. Yanlun held the city against him for seven months. Relief troops arrived, the enemy raised the siege and withdrew, and Yanlun then went to the capital.
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天會二年，知新城事。 城邑初建，彥倫為經畫，民居、公宇皆有法。 改靜江軍節度留後，知鹹州煙火事。 未幾，遷靜江軍節度使。 天眷初，行少府監兼都水使者，充提點京城大內所，改利涉軍節度使。 未閱月，還，複為提點大內所。 彥倫性機巧，能迎合悼合意，由是頗見寵用。 歲餘，遷侍衛親軍馬步軍都指揮使，為宋國歲元使。 改禮部尚書，加特進，封郇國公。 天德二年，出為大名尹。 明年，詔彥倫營造燕京宮室，以疾卒，年六十九。 子璣。
In the second year of Tianhui he was put in charge of Xincheng. When the new town was first laid out, Yanlun planned it so that private homes and public buildings alike followed a coherent design. He was transferred to military commissioner designate of the Jingjiang Army and charged with beacon-fire affairs in Xian Prefecture. Shortly afterward he was promoted to full military commissioner of the Jingjiang Army. At the start of the Tianjuan era he served as acting director of the Palace Storehouse and concurrent commissioner of waterways, supervised the capital's inner-palace establishment, and was then made military commissioner of the Lishe Army. Within a month he was back at court and again made intendant of the inner palace office. Yanlun was clever by nature and skilled at winning Empress Dowager Dao's favor, and through this he rose to considerable trust and preferment. A year later he was made commander-in-chief of the palace guard horse and foot armies and sent as the Jin envoy for the Song New Year audience. He was appointed minister of rites, granted the extraordinary promotion rank, and enfeoffed as Duke of Xun. In the second year of Tiande he was posted out as prefect of Daming. The following year he was ordered to build the palaces at Yanjing. He died of illness at the age of sixty-nine. His son was Ji.
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子璣
His son Ji
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是時，璣年已七十，詔許朝參得坐於廊下。 複致仕。 泰和初，詔璣天壽節預宴。 二年，元妃李氏生皇子，滿三月，章宗以璣老而康強，命以所策杖為洗兒禮物。 章宗幸玉泉山，詔璣與致仕宰相俱會食，許策杖給扶。 後預天壽節，上命璣與大臣握槊戲，璣獲勝焉。 從上秋山，賜名馬。 上曰：「酬卿博直。」 其眷遇如此。 泰和六年卒，年八十。 子亨嗣。
By then Ji was already seventy, and an edict allowed him to take a seat in the corridor when he attended court. He retired from office once more. At the start of the Taihe era he was ordered to attend the emperor's birthday banquet. In the second year, when Primary Consort Li gave birth to a prince and the third month was reached, Zhangzong—seeing that Ji was old but still vigorous—commanded that the walking staff Ji used be presented as the gift for the infant-washing rite. When Zhangzong visited Jade Spring Mountain, he summoned Ji to dine with the retired chief ministers and allowed him a staff and aides to steady him. On a later birthday celebration the emperor had Ji play polo against the chief ministers, and Ji won. He accompanied the emperor on the autumn hunt in the hills and was given a fine horse. The emperor said, "This repays your blunt honesty at the polo game." Such was the degree of favor he enjoyed. He died in the sixth year of Taihe at the age of eighty. His son was Hengsi.
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子亨嗣
His son Hengsi
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亨嗣字繼祖，以廕補閤門祗候，內供奉。 調同監平涼府醋務，改同監天山鹽場。 丁母憂，服闋，監萊州酒課，累調監豐州、任丘、汲縣、東平酒務。 課最，遷白登縣令。 明昌四年，行六部差規措軍前糧料，入為典給直長，改西京戶籍判官，曆官西京、中都太倉使，中都戶籍判官，尚醖署丞。 丁父憂。 大安初，複為典給署丞兼太子家令。 崇慶元年，遷同知順天軍節度使事。 是時，兵興，徵調煩急，亨嗣以辦最，遷定遠大將軍，入為戶部員外郎。 貞祐二年，遷莒州刺史。 三年，山東宣撫司討楊安兒，亨嗣行六部，兵罷，還州。 興定二年，卒，年六十一。
Hengsi, courtesy name Jizu, entered service by yin privilege as a privy-gate attendant and inner palace attendant. He was posted as deputy supervisor of the vinegar monopoly at Pingliang Prefecture, then transferred to deputy supervisor of the Tianshan salt works. After his mother's death he left office for mourning. When the mourning period ended he oversaw the wine tax at Laizhou and was successively assigned to wine monopolies at Feng Prefecture, Renqiu, Ji County, and Dongping. Because his revenue performance ranked first, he was promoted to magistrate of Baideng County. In the fourth year of Mingchang he served under the Six Ministries arranging grain for the armies in the field. He then entered the capital as director of the provisioning office, became household-registration judge of the Western Capital, and held successive posts as granary commissioner of the Western and Central capitals, household-registration judge of the Central Capital, and deputy director of the imperial brewery. He left office to mourn his father. At the start of Da'an he returned as deputy director of the provisioning office and concurrent steward of the crown prince's household. In the first year of Chongqing he was made vice military commissioner of the Shuntian Army. War had broken out and requisitions were urgent. Because Hengsi handled them with the best results, he was promoted to General Who Stabilizes the Distance and appointed vice director of the Ministry of Revenue. In the second year of Zhenyou he was made prefect of Ju Prefecture. In the third year, when the Shandong pacification commission campaigned against Yang An'er, Hengsi served under the Six Ministries. When the campaign ended he returned to his prefecture. He died in the second year of Xingding at the age of sixty-one.
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亨嗣與弟亨益，盡友愛之道。 亨嗣初以祖廕得官，大定十六年，父璣為同知宣徽院事，當廕子，亨嗣以讓弟亨益。 亨益早卒，子兟。 兟幼稚，亨嗣盡以舊業田宅奴畜財物與之。
Hengsi and his younger brother Hengyi were models of fraternal devotion. Hengsi had first entered office through his grandfather's yin privilege. In the sixteenth year of Dading, when his father Ji became vice director of the Privy Portal Office and was entitled to pass office to a son, Hengsi yielded the privilege to his younger brother Hengyi. Hengyi died young, leaving a son named Shen. Shen was still a child, so Hengsi turned over to him the entire family patrimony—fields, houses, slaves, livestock, and goods.
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毛子廉
Mao Zilian
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毛子廉本名八十，臨潢長泰人，材勇善射。 遼季群盜起，募勇士，子廉應募。 遼主召見，賜甲仗，率百人，會所在官兵捕盜。 以功授東頭供奉官，賜良馬。
Mao Zilian, originally named Bashí, came from Changtai in Linhuang. He was capable and courageous and excelled at archery. In the late Liao, when bandits rose across the land, the authorities recruited brave men, and Zilian volunteered. The Liao emperor received him in audience, granted him arms and armor, and put him at the head of a hundred men to join local officials and troops in hunting down bandits. For his service he was made eastern head palace attendant and given a fine horse.
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天輔四年，遣謀克辛斡特刺、移刺窟斜招諭臨潢，子廉率戶二千六百來歸。 今就領其眾，佩銀牌，招未降軍民。 盧彥倫怒于廉先降，殺子廉妻及二子，使騎兵二千伺取子廉。 子廉與窟斜經險阻中，騎兵圍之，兩騎突出直犯子廉。 子廉引弓斃其一人，其一人挺槍幾中子廉腋。 子廉避其槍，與搏戰，生擒之，乃彥倫健將孫延壽也。 餘眾潰去。
In the fourth year of Tianfu the Jin sent meng'an Xin Ganteci and Yila Kuxie to win over Linhuang. Zilian brought twenty-six hundred households in submission. He was immediately put in command of these people, given a silver tally, and charged with winning over soldiers and civilians who had not yet surrendered. Lu Yanlun, furious that Zilian had surrendered first, killed Zilian's wife and two sons and sent two thousand horsemen to ambush and capture him. Zilian and Kuxie were making their way through rough country when the horsemen surrounded them. Two riders broke from the ring and charged straight at Zilian. Zilian loosed an arrow and dropped one man. The other lunged with his spear and nearly struck Zilian under the arm. Zilian evaded the spear, closed with him, and took him alive. He turned out to be Yanlun's champion fighter Sun Yanshou. The rest of the party broke and fled.
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天會三年，除上京副留守。 久之，兼鹽鐵事。 天眷中，除燕京院都監。 遼王宗幹問宰相曰：「子廉有功，何為下遷。」； 宰相以例對。 宗幹曰：「盧彥倫何不除此職？ 子廉之功十倍彥倫，在臨潢十餘年，吏民畏愛如一日，誰能及此。」 是時盧彥倫已以少府監除節度使，故宗幹引以為比。 除甯昌軍節度使。 海陵弑熙宗，子廉聞之，歎曰：「曾不念國王定策之功耶。」 乃致仕。 大定二年，卒。
In the third year of Tianhui he was made deputy defending commissioner of the Superior Capital. After some time he was also given charge of salt and iron monopolies. During the Tianjuan era he was made chief intendant of the Yanjing bureau. Prince Zonggan asked the chief ministers, "Zilian has rendered service. Why has he been demoted?" The chief ministers answered that it followed precedent. Zonggan said, "Why not strip that post from Lu Yanlun? Zilian's achievements outdo Yanlun's tenfold. He has been in Linhuang more than ten years, and officials and commoners respect and cherish him as they did on the first day. Who can match that?" By then Lu Yanlun had already moved from director of the Palace Storehouse to a military commissionership, which was why Zonggan used him as a comparison. Zilian was appointed military commissioner of the Ningchang Army. When Prince Hailing murdered Emperor Xizong, Zilian heard the news and sighed, "Has he forgotten the prince's role in putting him on the throne?" He thereupon retired from office. He died in the second year of Dading.
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李三錫
Li Sanxi
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李三錫字懷邦，錦州安昌人，以貲得官。 遼季，盜攻錦州，州人推三錫主兵事，設機應變，城賴以完。 錄功授左承制。 遼主走天德，劉彥宗辟三錫將兵保白雲山。
Li Sanxi, courtesy name Huaibang, was from Anchang in Jin Prefecture and bought his way into office. Late in the Liao, when bandits attacked Jin Prefecture, the townspeople put Sanxi in charge of defense. He devised flexible countermeasures, and the city survived intact because of him. His service was recognized and he was made a left palace attendant. When the Liao emperor fled to Tiande, Liu Yanzong enlisted Sanxi to hold Baiyun Mountain with troops.
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金兵次來州，三錫以其眾降。 攝臨海軍節度副使，參預元帥府軍事，改知嚴州。 宗望伐宋，三錫領行軍猛安，敗郭藥師軍于白河。 進官安州防禦使。 再克汴京，三錫從闍母護宋二主北歸。 複知嚴州，改歸德軍節度副使。 詔廢齊國，擇吏三十人與俱行，三錫在選中。 還為慶州刺史，三遷武勝軍節度使。 察廉第一，遷三階，改安國軍節度使，除河北西路轉運使，致仕。
When the Jin army reached Laizhou, Sanxi surrendered with his men. He served as acting vice military commissioner of the Linhai Army and took part in the marshal's headquarters, then was made prefect of Yan Prefecture. When Zongwang invaded the Song, Sanxi commanded a campaign meng'an and routed Guo Yaoshi's army at the Bai River. He was promoted to defense commissioner of An Prefecture. When Bianjing fell a second time, Sanxi accompanied Zhamu in escorting the two captive Song emperors north. He again served as prefect of Yan Prefecture, then was made vice military commissioner of the Guide Army. When an edict abolished the Qi state, thirty officials were chosen to accompany the mission, and Sanxi was one of them. He returned as prefect of Qing Prefecture and was promoted three times until he became military commissioner of the Wusheng Army. He topped the integrity review, was advanced three grades, made military commissioner of the Anguo Army, appointed transport commissioner of Hebei West Circuit, and then retired.
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三錫政事強明，所至稱治。 世宗舊聞其名，大定初，起為北京路都轉運使。 制下，而三錫已卒。
Sanxi was forceful and clear in government affairs, and wherever he served he won praise for good order. Emperor Shizong had heard of him before. At the start of Dading he was recalled as chief transport commissioner of the Beijing Circuit. The appointment reached him only after Sanxi had already died.
23
孔敬宗
Kong Jingzong
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孔敬宗字仲先，其先東垣人，石晉末，徙遼陽。 遼季，敬宗為甯昌劉宏幕官。 斡魯古兵至境上，敬宗勸劉宏迎降，遂以敬宗為鄉導，拔顯州，以功補順安令。 天輔二年，詔敬宗與劉宏率懿州民徙內地，授世襲猛安，知安州事。 將兵千人從宗望伐宋。 汴京平，宗望命敬宗守汴。 嘗自汴馳驛至河北，還至河上，會日暮無舟，敬宗策馬亂流，遂達南岸。 遷靜江軍節度使，曆石、辰、信、磁四州刺史，階光祿大夫。
Kong Jingzong, courtesy name Zhongxian, came from Dongyuan. At the end of the Later Jin his family moved to Liaoyang. Late in the Liao he served on the staff of Liu Hong of Ningchang. When Walugu's army reached the border, Jingzong persuaded Liu Hong to submit. He served as guide, helped capture Xian Prefecture, and was appointed acting magistrate of Shun'an for his service. In the second year of Tianfu he and Liu Hong were ordered to relocate the people of Yi Prefecture inland. He received a hereditary meng'an and was put in charge of An Prefecture. He led a thousand men in Zongwang's invasion of the Song. After Bianjing fell, Zongwang put Jingzong in charge of the city. Once he rode post-horses from Bianjing to Hebei. On his return he reached the river at dusk with no boat available, so he spurred his horse through the turbulent current and reached the south bank. He became military commissioner of the Jingjiang Army, served in turn as prefect of Shi, Chen, Xin, and Ci, and rose to Grand Master of Splendid Happiness.
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海陵問張浩曰：「卿識孔敬宗否，何階高職下也。」 浩對曰：「國初，敬宗勸劉宏以懿州效順，其後從軍積勞，有司不知，故一概常調耳。」 明日，除甯昌軍節度使。 徙歸德軍，致仕。 大定二年，卒。
Prince Hailing asked Zhang Hao, "Do you know Kong Jingzong? Why does a man of such rank hold so low a post?" Zhang Hao replied, "At the founding of the dynasty Jingzong persuaded Liu Hong to bring Yi Prefecture over. He later campaigned and earned merit, but the personnel offices never took account of it, so he has received only routine postings." The next day Jingzong was made military commissioner of the Ningchang Army. He was transferred to the Guide Army and retired from office. He died in the second year of Dading.
26
李師夔
Li Shikui
27
李師夔字賢佐，奉聖永興人。 少倜儻，有大志。 以廕入仕，為本州監。 天輔六年，太祖襲遼主於鴛鴦濼，郡守委城遁去，眾無所屬，相與叩門請師夔主郡事。 師夔許之，乃搜卒治兵。
Li Shikui, courtesy name Xianzuo, was from Yongxing in Fengsheng Prefecture. As a young man he was bold and ambitious. He entered service by yin privilege and became supervisor of his home prefecture. In the sixth year of Tianfu, when Taizu struck the Liao emperor at Yuanyang Marsh, the prefect abandoned the city and fled. With no one in authority, the people came together and asked Shikui to take charge of the prefecture. Shikui agreed, then mustered troops and put the command in order.
28
迪古乃兵至奉聖州，師夔與其故人沈璋密謀出降，曰：「一城之命懸於此舉。」 璋曰：「君言是矣。 如軍民不從，奈何。」 師夔即率親信十數輩詰旦出城，見餘睹，與之約曰：「今已服從，願無以兵入城及俘掠境內。」 餘睹許諾。 詔以師夔領節度，以璋佐之。 賜師夔駿馬二，俾招未附者，許以便宜從事。 明年，加左監門衛大將軍。
When Digunai's army reached Fengsheng Prefecture, Shikui secretly plotted surrender with his old friend Shen Zhang. He said, "The fate of the whole city hangs on what we do now." Shen Zhang said, "You are right. But what if the soldiers and civilians refuse to go along?" Shikui at once led a dozen trusted followers out of the city at dawn, met Yudu, and pledged, "We have submitted. Please do not march troops into the city or plunder the countryside." Yudu agreed. An edict made Shikui military commissioner with Zhang as his deputy. He was given two fine horses, told to win over those who had not yet submitted, and authorized to act at his own discretion. The following year he was promoted to great general of the Left Gate Guard.
29
劇賊張勝以萬人逼城，師夔度眾寡不敵，乃偽與之和，日致饋給，勝信之。 師夔乘其不備，使人刺勝，殺之。 以其首徇曰：「汝輩皆良民，脅從至此，今元惡已誅，可棄兵歸複其所。」 賊眾大驚，皆散去。 別賊焦望天、尹智穆率兵數千來寇。 師夔以兵臨之，設伏歸路，使人反間之。 智穆果疑，望天先引去。 智穆勢孤，亦還，遇伏而敗，遂執斬之。 是後賊眾不敢入境。 以勞遷靜江軍節度留後，累遷武平軍節度使，改東京路轉運使，徙陝西東路轉運使。 致仕，封任國公。 卒，年八十五。
The bandit leader Zhang Sheng pressed the city with ten thousand men. Seeing he was outmatched, Shikui pretended to make peace and sent provisions every day until Sheng trusted him. When Sheng let his guard down, Shikui sent assassins who killed him. He displayed Sheng's head and announced, "You are all ordinary people forced into this. The ringleader is dead. Lay down your arms and go home." The band scattered in alarm. Other bandits, Jiao Wangtian and Yin Zhimu, led several thousand men against the city. Shikui marched out against them, laid an ambush on their retreat route, and sowed discord between them. Yin Zhimu grew suspicious as intended, and Jiao Wangtian withdrew first. Left isolated, Yin Zhimu turned back as well, walked into the ambush, was defeated, captured, and executed. After that the bandits did not dare cross the border again. For his service he was made military commissioner designate of the Jingjiang Army, then military commissioner of the Wuping Army, transport commissioner of the Eastern Capital Circuit, and finally transport commissioner of Shaanxi East Circuit. He retired and was enfeoffed as Duke of Ren. He died at the age of eighty-five.
30
沈璋字之達，奉聖州永興人也。 學進士業。 迪古乃軍至上穀，璋與李師夔謀，開門迎降。 明日，擇可為守者，眾皆推璋，璋固稱李師夔，於是授師夔武定軍節度使，以璋副之。 授太常少卿，遷鴻臚卿。 丁母憂，起複山西路都轉運副使，加衛尉卿。 從伐宋。 汴京平，眾爭趨貲貨，璋獨無所取，惟載書數千卷而還。
Shen Zhang, courtesy name Zhida, was from Yongxing in Fengsheng Prefecture. He studied for the civil service examinations. When Digunai's army reached Shanggu, Zhang and Li Shikui opened the gates and surrendered. The next day, when the people chose who should hold the city, everyone nominated Zhang, but Zhang insisted on Li Shikui. Shikui was therefore made military commissioner of the Wuding Army with Zhang as his deputy. He was made vice director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and then director of the Court for Dependencies. After mourning his mother he was recalled as deputy chief transport commissioner of Shanxi West Circuit and promoted to director of the Court of the Imperial Stud. He took part in the invasion of the Song. When Bianjing fell, everyone rushed for loot. Zhang alone took nothing and returned with only several thousand books.
31
太行賊陷潞州，殺其守姚璠，官軍討平之，命璋權知州事。 璋至，招複逋逃，賑養困餓，收其橫屍葬之。 未幾，民頗軍輯。 初，賊黨據城，潞之軍卒當緣坐者七百人，帥府牒璋盡誅之，璋不從。 帥府聞之，大怒，召璋呵責，且欲殺璋，左右震恐，璋顏色不動，從容對曰：「招亡撫存，璋之職也。 此輩初無叛心，蓋為賊所脅，有不得已者，故招之複來。 今欲殺之，是殺降也。 苟利於眾，璋死何憾。」 少頃，怒解。 因召潞軍曰：「吾始命戮汝，今汝使君活爾矣。」 皆感泣而去。 朝廷聞而嘉之，拜左諫議大夫，知潞州事。 百姓為之立祠。 移知忻州，改同知太原尹，加尚書禮部侍郎。
Taihang bandits seized Lu Prefecture and killed its defender Yao Fan. After government troops put down the revolt, Zhang was appointed acting prefect. When Zhang arrived he recalled fugitives, fed the destitute, and gathered the unburied dead for proper burial. Before long the people were largely restored to order. When the rebels had held the city, seven hundred Lu garrison soldiers were liable to collective punishment. The marshal's headquarters ordered Zhang to execute them all, and he refused. The marshal's headquarters was furious, summoned Zhang to rebuke him, and even threatened to kill him. Those present were terrified, but Zhang's face did not change. He calmly replied, "Winning back fugitives and caring for the living is my duty. They never meant to rebel. The bandits forced them, and they had no choice. That is why they came back when I called them. To kill them now would be to slaughter men who have surrendered. If my death serves the common good, I have no regret." After a moment his anger subsided. He then called the Lu garrison together and said, "I first ordered you executed. Your prefect has saved your lives." They left in tears of gratitude. When the court heard of this it praised him and appointed him left remonstrance councilor and prefect of Lu. The people erected a shrine in his honor. He was transferred to Xin Prefecture, made vice prefect of Taiyuan, and promoted to vice minister of rites.
32
時介休人張覺聚黨亡命山谷，鈔掠邑縣，招之不肯降，曰：「前嘗有降者，皆殺之。 今以好言誘我，是欲殺我耳。 獨得侍郎沈公一言，我乃無疑。」 於是，命璋往招之，覺即日降。
At that time Zhang Jue of Jiexiu gathered followers in the hills and raided the counties. He refused to surrender, saying, "Everyone who surrendered before was killed. Your kind words now are just another way to get me killed. Only a single promise from Vice Minister Shen would put my mind at ease." Zhang was therefore sent to win him over, and Jue surrendered the same day.
33
轉尚書吏部侍郎、西京副留守、同知平陽尹，遷利涉軍節度使，為東京路都轉運使，改鎮西軍節度使。 天德元年，以病致仕。 卒，年六十。
He became vice minister of personnel, deputy defending commissioner of the Western Capital, and vice prefect of Pingyang, then military commissioner of the Lishe Army, chief transport commissioner of the Eastern Capital Circuit, and finally military commissioner of the Zhenxi Army. In the first year of Tiande he retired due to illness. He died at the age of sixty.
34
子宜中，天德三年，賜楊建中榜及第。
His son Yizhong passed the civil service examination in the third year of Tiande on the Yang Jianzhong list.
35
贊曰：危難之際，兩軍方爭，專城之將，國家之輕重系焉。 李師夔非有君命，為眾所推，又能全活其人，猶有說也。 盧彥倫之降，雖雲城潰，初志不確，何尤乎毛子廉。 至如子廉不仕海陵，沈璋以片言降張覺，一善足稱，何可掩也。
The encomium reads: In times of crisis, when two armies are locked in struggle, the commander who holds a city alone carries the state's fortunes on his shoulders. Li Shikui had no imperial order when the people pressed him to lead, yet he was able to save their lives. That much can still be defended. Lu Yanlun's surrender, though explained as the collapse of the city, showed an unsteady purpose from the start. Why blame Mao Zilian? As for Zilian's refusal to serve under Prince Hailing, and Shen Zhang's winning Zhang Jue over with a single promise—one good act is enough to earn praise. Such deeds cannot be hidden.
36
左企弓
Zuo Qigong
37
左企弓字君材。 八世祖皓，後唐棣川刺史，以行軍司馬戍燕，遼取燕，使守薊，因家焉。 企弓讀書，通《左氏春秋》。 中進士，再遷來州觀察判官。 蕭英弼賊昭懷太子，窮治黨與，多連引。 企弓辨析其冤，免其甚眾。 自禦史知難事，出為中京副留守，按刑遼陽。 有獄本輕而入之重者，已奏待報，企弓釋之以聞。 累遷知三司使事。 天慶末，拜廣陵軍節度使，同中書門下平章事、知樞密院事。
Zuo Qigong, courtesy name Juncai. His ancestor eight generations back, Hao, was prefect of Dichuan under the Later Tang. Posted to Yan as campaign marshal, he remained when the Liao seized the region and was put in charge of Ji, where the family settled. Qigong was a scholar who mastered the Zuo Commentary to the Spring and Autumn Annals. He passed the jinshi examination and rose twice to observation commissioner judge of Laizhou. When Xiao Yingbi was charged with treason against Crown Prince Zhaohuai, the authorities prosecuted his associates relentlessly and implicated many others. Qigong exposed the false charges and saved a great many from punishment. After serving as censor for difficult cases, he became deputy defending commissioner of the Central Capital and conducted criminal review in Liaoyang. In one case a light offense had been entered as a heavy one and memorialized for approval. Qigong released the prisoner and reported what he had done. He rose to director of the Three Departments. At the end of the Tianqing era he was made military commissioner of the Guangling Army, co-director of the Secretariat-Chancellery, and director of the Privy Council.
38
金兵已拔上京，北樞密院恐忤旨，不以時奏。 遼故事，軍政皆關決北樞密院，然後奏禦。 企弓以聞。 遼主曰：「兵事無乃非卿職邪？」 對曰：「國勢如此，豈敢循例為自容計。」 因陳守備之策。 拜中書侍郎平章事，監修國史。 時遼主聞金已克中京，將西幸以避之。 企弓諫不聽。
The Jin had already captured the Superior Capital, but the Northern Privy Council, fearing to displease the throne, failed to report it promptly. Under Liao precedent, military and civil affairs had to pass through the Northern Privy Council before being reported to the emperor. Qigong reported the news himself. The Liao emperor said, "Military affairs are not your responsibility, are they?" He replied, "With the realm in this condition, how could I cling to precedent for my own safety?" He then presented plans for defense. He was appointed vice director of the Secretariat, co-director, and supervisor of the national history compilation. The Liao emperor then heard that the Jin had taken the Central Capital and planned to move west to escape them. Qigong remonstrated, but his advice went unheeded.
39
遼主自鴛鴦濼亡保陰山。 秦晉國王耶律捏裏自立于燕，廢遼主為湘陰王，改元德興。 企弓守司徒，封燕國公。 虞仲文參知政事，領西京留守、同中書門下平章事、內外諸軍都統。 曹勇義中書侍郎平章事、樞密使、燕國公。 康公弼參知政事、簽樞密院事，賜號「忠烈翊聖功臣」。 德妃攝政，企弓加侍中。 宋兵襲燕，奄至城中，已而敗走。 或疑有內應者，欲根株之，企弓爭之，乃止。
The Liao emperor fled from Yuanyang Marsh and took refuge in the Yin Mountains. The Prince of Qin and Jin, Yelü Nieli, set himself up in Yan, demoted the Liao emperor to Prince of Xiangyin, and proclaimed the Dexing era. Qigong retained the post of minister of education and was enfeoffed as Duke of Yan. Yu Zhongwen became participant in governance, defending commissioner of the Western Capital, co-director of the Secretariat-Chancellery, and commander-in-chief of all armies within and without. Cao Yongyi was vice director of the Secretariat, co-director, privy councilor, and Duke of Yan. Kang Gongbi was participant in governance and signatory of the Privy Council, and was granted the title Meritorious Minister of Loyal Fierceness Assisting the Sage. The Virtuous Consort served as regent, and Qigong was made palace attendant. Song forces raided Yan and burst into the city, but were soon beaten back. Some suspected collaborators inside the city and wanted a thorough purge. Qigong objected, and the plan was dropped.
40
太祖至居庸關，蕭妃自古北口遁去。 都監高六等送款于太祖，太祖徑至城下。 高六等開門待之。 太祖入城受降，企弓等猶不知。 太祖駐蹕燕京城南，企弓等奉表降，太祖俾復舊職，皆受金牌。 企弓守太傅、中書令，仲文樞密使、侍中、秦國公，勇義以舊官守司空，公弼同中書門下平章事、樞密副使權知院事、簽中書省、封陳國公。 遼致仕宰相張琳進上降表，詔曰：「燕京應琳田宅財物並給還之。」 琳年高，不能入見，止令其子弟來。
When Taizu reached Juyong Pass, the Xiao consort fled by the northern road. Chief intendant Gao Liu and others surrendered to Taizu, who marched straight to the city walls. Gao Liu opened the gates to receive him. Taizu entered the city to accept surrender while Qigong and his colleagues were still unaware. Taizu encamped south of Yanjing. Qigong and the others submitted a memorial of surrender. Taizu restored them to their former offices and granted each a gold tally. Qigong remained grand mentor and director of the Secretariat. Zhongwen was privy councilor, palace attendant, and Duke of Qin. Yongyi kept his old post as minister of works. Gongbi was co-director, acting vice privy councilor, Secretariat signatory, and Duke of Chen. The retired Liao chief minister Zhang Lin submitted a surrender memorial. An edict declared, "Zhang Lin's lands, houses, and goods in Yanjing are all to be returned to him." Lin was too old to attend in person and was told only to send his sons and younger kinsmen.
41
太祖既定燕，從初約，以與宋人。 企弓獻詩，略曰：「君王莫聽捐燕議，一寸山河一寸金。」 太祖不聽。
After Taizu secured Yan, he honored the original agreement and handed it over to the Song. Qigong presented a poem that ran, in essence, "My lord, do not heed counsel to surrender Yan—every inch of land is an inch of gold." Taizu would not be persuaded.
42
是時，置樞密院于廣寧府。 企弓等將赴廣甯，張覺在平州有異志，太祖欲以兵送之。 企弓等辭兵曰：「如此，是促之亂也。」 及過平州，舍于栗林下，張覺使人殺之。 企弓年七十三，諡恭烈。 天會七年，贈守太師，遣使致奠。 正隆二年，改贈特進、濟國公。
At that time the Privy Council was set up at Guangning Prefecture. Qigong and his colleagues were about to travel to Guangning. Zhang Jue at Ping Prefecture had other designs, and Taizu wanted to send troops as escort. They declined the escort, saying, "That would only provoke rebellion." When they passed through Ping Prefecture and lodged at Chestnut Grove, Zhang Jue had them murdered. Qigong was seventy-three. His posthumous title was Gonglie, "Respectful and Fierce." In the seventh year of Tianhui he was posthumously made acting grand mentor, and envoys were sent to offer sacrifice. In the second year of Zhenglong his posthumous honors were raised to extraordinary promotion and Duke of Ji.
43
虞仲文
Yu Zhongwen
44
虞仲文字質夫，武州寧遠人也。 七歲知作詩，十歲能屬文，日記千言，刻苦學問。 第進士，累仕州縣，以廉能稱。 舉賢良方正，對策優等。 擢起居郎、史館修撰，三遷至太常少卿。 宰相有左降，仲文獨出餞之。 或指以為党，仲文乃求養親。 久之，召複前職。 宰相薦文行第一，權知制誥，除中書舍人。 討平白嵆，拜樞密直學士，權翰林學士，為翰林侍講學士。 年五十五，卒，諡文正。 天會七年，贈兼中書令。 正隆二年，改贈特進、濮國公。
Yu Zhongwen, courtesy name Zhifu, was from Ningyuan in Wu Prefecture. At seven he could write poetry; at ten he could compose prose. He wrote a thousand characters a day and pursued his studies with relentless discipline. He passed the jinshi examination and served in successive prefectural and county posts, winning a reputation for integrity and competence. Recommended as worthy and upright, he took top honors in the policy examination. He rose to attendant of the palace secretariat and compiler in the History Office, and was promoted three times to vice director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. When a chief minister was demoted, Zhongwen alone went out to bid him farewell. Some accused him of forming a faction, so he asked leave to care for his parents. After some time he was recalled to his former post. The chief ministers ranked him first in literary conduct. He was put in provisional charge of edicts and made a secretariat drafter. After the Baiqi rebellion was put down, he became privy council academician, acting Hanlin academician, and Hanlin exposition academician. He died at the age of fifty-five and was given the posthumous title Wenzheng, "Correct in Culture." In the seventh year of Tianhui he was posthumously made concurrent director of the Secretariat. In the second year of Zhenglong his posthumous honors were raised to extraordinary promotion and Duke of Pu.
45
曹勇義
Cao Yongyi
46
曹勇義，廣寧人。 第進士，除長春令。 樞府辟令史。 上書陳時政，累擢館閣，遷樞密副都承旨，權燕京三司使，加給事中。 召為樞密副使，加太子少保。 與大公鼎、虞仲文、龔誼友善。 與虞仲文同在樞密，群小擠之。 複出為三司使，加宣政殿大學士。 卒，諡文莊。 天會七年，贈守太保。 正隆二年，改贈特進、定國公。
Cao Yongyi was a native of Guangning. He passed the jinshi examination and was made magistrate of Changchun. The Privy Council recruited him as a clerk. He submitted memorials on state affairs, rose through the palace libraries, became vice chief privy council receptionist and acting Yanjing director of the Three Departments, and was promoted to supervising censor. He was recalled as vice privy councilor and made junior guardian of the heir apparent. He was close friends with Da Gongding, Yu Zhongwen, and Gong Yi. While he and Yu Zhongwen served together in the Privy Council, petty rivals forced them out. He returned to the capital as director of the Three Departments and was made grand academician of the Xuanzheng Hall. He died and was given the posthumous title Wenzhuang, "Correct in Letters." In the seventh year of Tianhui he was posthumously made acting grand guardian. In the second year of Zhenglong his posthumous honors were raised to extraordinary promotion and Duke of Ding.
47
康公弼
Kang Gongbi
48
康公弼字伯迪，其先應州人。 曾祖胤，遼保甯間以戰功授質券，家于燕之宛平。 公弼好學，年二十三中進士，除著作郎、武州軍事判官。 辟樞府令史，求外補，出為寧遠令。 縣中隕霜殺禾稼，漕司督賦急，系之獄。 公弼上書，朝廷乃釋之，因免縣中租賦，縣人為立生祠。 監平州錢帛庫，調役糧於川州。 大盜侯概陷川州，使護送公弼出境，曰：「良吏也。」 權乾州節度使。 卒，諡忠肅。 天會七年，贈侍中。 正隆二年，改贈特進、道國公。
Kang Gongbi, courtesy name Bodi, came from Ying Prefecture. His great-grandfather Yin received a pledge certificate for military merit during the Liao Baoning era, and the family settled in Wanping in Yan. Gongbi loved learning. He passed the jinshi examination at twenty-three and was made editing clerk and military judge of Wu Prefecture. Recruited as a Privy Council clerk, he sought a field appointment and was posted as magistrate of Ningyuan. Frost destroyed the county's crops. The transport office pressed hard for taxes and had him thrown in prison. Gongbi appealed to court. He was released, the county's rents and levies were remitted, and the people erected a shrine in his honor. He supervised the money and silk treasury at Ping Prefecture and arranged grain transport at Chuan Prefecture. The bandit chieftain Hou Kai seized Chuan Prefecture but had Gongbi escorted safely out of the region, saying, "He is a good official." He served as acting military commissioner of Qian Prefecture. He died and was given the posthumous title Zhongsu, "Loyal and Solemn." In the seventh year of Tianhui he was posthumously made palace attendant. In the second year of Zhenglong his posthumous honors were raised to extraordinary promotion and Duke of Dao.
49
企弓子泌、瀛、淵。
Qigong's sons were Bi, Ying, and Yuan.
50
泌字長源，企弓長子也。 仕遼，官至棣州刺史。 太祖平燕，泌從企弓歸朝。 既而東遷至平州，企弓為張覺所害，泌複還燕。 是時，以燕與宋，宣撫司遣至汴，泌以平州仇人在是，乃間道奔還。 朝廷嘉之，擢西上閤門使。 從宋王宗望南伐，破真定有功，知祁州，曆刺澤、隰等州。 貞元初，為浚州防禦使，遷陝西路轉運使，封戴國公。
Bi, courtesy name Changyuan, was Qigong's eldest son. He served the Liao and rose to prefect of Di Prefecture. When Taizu pacified Yan, Bi followed Qigong in submitting to the Jin. They then moved east to Ping Prefecture. After Qigong was killed by Zhang Jue, Bi returned to Yan. Yan was then handed to the Song, and the pacification office sent him to Bianjing. Because enemies from Ping Prefecture were there, he slipped away by a back route and returned. The court praised his conduct and promoted him to western upper privy-gate commissioner. He followed Prince Zongwang south, helped defeat Zhending, administered Qi Prefecture, and served in turn as prefect of Ze, Xi, and other prefectures. At the start of Zhenyuan he was defense commissioner of Jun Prefecture, then transport commissioner of Shaanxi West Circuit, and was enfeoffed as Duke of Dai.
51
泌性夷澹，好讀《莊》、《老》，年六十一，即請致仕。 親友或以為早，泌歎曰：「予年三十秉旄鉞，侵尋仕路又三十年，名遂身退，可矣。」 時人高之。 卒年七十四。
Bi was mild and detached by nature, loved the Zhuangzi and Laozi, and at sixty-one asked to retire. Friends thought this early, but Bi sighed and said, "At thirty I took up command. Another thirty years on the official road is enough. Fame achieved, it is time to withdraw." His contemporaries admired him for it. He died at the age of seventy-four.
52
弟淵
His younger brother Yuan
53
子光慶
His son Guangqing
54
光慶字君錫，幼潁悟，沉厚少言。 淵嘗謂所親曰：「世吾家者，此子也。」 以廕，補閤門祗候，遷西上閤門副使。 丁父憂，起複東上閤門副使，再轉西上、東上閤門使，兼太廟署令。
Guangqing, courtesy name Junxi, was clever as a child, grave and steady, and spoke little. Yuan once told his intimates, "This boy will carry on our family line." By yin privilege he became a privy-gate attendant and was promoted to western upper deputy privy-gate commissioner. After mourning his father he was recalled as eastern upper deputy privy-gate commissioner, then promoted to western and eastern upper privy-gate commissioner and concurrent director of the Imperial Ancestral Temple Office.
55
光慶好古，讀書識大義，喜為詩，善篆隸，尤工大字。 世宗行郊禮，受尊號，及受命寶，皆光慶篆。 凡宮廟榜署經光慶書者，人稱其有法。 典領原廟、坤厚陵、壽安宮工役，不為苛峻，使勞逸相均。 身兼數職，勤慎周密，未嘗自伐，世宗獨察之。
Guangqing loved antiquity, read widely and grasped larger principles, enjoyed poetry, excelled at seal and clerical script, and was especially masterful at large-character writing. When Emperor Shizong performed the suburban rites, received his honorific title, and received the Mandate Treasure, Guangqing inscribed them all in seal script. Every palace or temple inscription he wrote was praised as true to classical form. He oversaw construction at the Original Temple, Kunhou Tomb, and Shou'an Palace without harsh demands, balancing labor and rest fairly. Though he held several offices at once, he was diligent, careful, and thorough and never boasted. Emperor Shizong alone took full notice.
56
初，御史大夫璋請制大金受命寶，有司以秦璽文進，上命以「大金受命萬世之寶」為文。 徑四寸八分，厚一寸四分，蟠龍紐，高厚各四寸六分有半。 禮部尚書張景仁、少府監張僅言典領工事，詔光慶篆之。 遷同知宣徽院事，改少府監。 丁母憂，起複右宣徽使。 世宗幸上京，光慶往上京治儀仗制度，時人以為得宜。
Earlier, Censor-in-chief Zhang proposed casting the Great Jin Mandate Treasure. The offices submitted the text of the Qin imperial seal, and the emperor ordered the inscription "Great Jin Mandate Treasure for Ten Thousand Generations." It measured four inches and eight tenths in diameter, one inch and four tenths thick, with a coiled-dragon knob; height and thickness were each four and a half inches. Minister of rites Zhang Jingren and director of the Palace Storehouse Zhang Jinyan oversaw the work, and an edict ordered Guangqing to inscribe it. He was made vice director of the Privy Portal Office and then director of the Palace Storehouse. After mourning his mother he was recalled as right privy portal commissioner. When Emperor Shizong visited the Superior Capital, Guangqing went ahead to organize ritual regalia and regulations, which contemporaries judged exactly right.
57
二十五年，卒，年五十一。 上遣使至祭，賻銀三百兩、重彩十端、絹百匹。 平時喜為善言，蓄善藥，號「善善道人」。 晚信浮屠法，自作真贊，語皆任達雲。
In the twenty-fifth year of the reign he died at the age of fifty-one. The emperor sent envoys to offer sacrifice and funeral gifts of three hundred taels of silver, ten bolts of heavy brocade, and a hundred bolts of silk. In ordinary life he loved kind speech, kept medicinal remedies on hand, and called himself the Daoist Master of Doubled Kindness. In later life he turned to Buddhism, wrote his own epitaph, and its language was altogether free and unburdened.
58
贊曰：左企弓、虞仲文、曹勇義、康公弼四子者，皆有才識之士，其事遼主數有論建。 及其受爵僭位，委質二君，隕身逆黨，三者胥失之，哀哉。
The encomium reads: Zuo Qigong, Yu Zhongwen, Cao Yongyi, and Kang Gongbi were all men of talent and judgment who, in serving the Liao emperor, offered counsel again and again. Yet when they accepted enfeoffment in a usurping regime, submitted themselves to two masters, and died with the rebel faction, they lost honor, loyalty, and life alike. How lamentable.